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| Meta Title | January 6 United States Capitol attack - Wikipedia |
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| Boilerpipe Text | January 6 United States Capitol attack
Part of the
attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
,
American militia movement
,
political violence in the United States
, and
domestic terrorism in the United States
Crowd outside the Capitol during the attack (top);
bear spray
deployed against a line of policemen (bottom left); attackers breach a police line (bottom right)
Date
January 6, 2021
; 5 years ago
c.
â12:53
Â
p.m.
 â 5:40
Â
p.m.
[
1
]
(
UTCâ05:00
)
Location
The Capitol Building
, Washington, D.C., United States
38°53âČ23âłN
77°00âČ33âłW
ï»ż / ï»ż
38.88972°N 77.00917°W
Caused by
False claims of 2020 presidential election fraud
made by
Donald Trump
and his allies
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
Denial of the
2020 presidential election
results
[
2
]
Far-right extremism in the United States
[
5
]
conspiracy
,
[
6
]
[
7
]
intimidation
,
[
8
]
Incitement of insurrection
,
attacking a legislature
Goals
Disrupt and delay the
Electoral College vote count
Pressure Congress and Vice President
Mike Pence
to overturn the election of
Joe Biden
in favor of Trump
Resulted in
Attack mostly unsuccessful
Insurrection suppressed
Fatalities and injuries among the attackers and law enforcement
[
a
]
Assaults on at least 174 police officers
[
9
]
Delay of
counting electoral votes
by hours
[
10
]
Extensive physical damage;
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
offices and chambers vandalized and ransacked; property stolen;
[
14
]
more than $30
Â
million for repairs and security measures
[
15
]
Second impeachment of Donald Trump
[
16
]
Third indictment of Donald Trump
[
17
]
[
18
]
Unsuccessful attempts to
declare Trump ineligible
for Colorado, Maine, and Illinois ballots
[
19
]
Trump pardons or commutes the sentences of all rioters in 2025
[
20
]
Parties
Pro-Trump
,
far-right
militias
and movements
Proud Boys
Oath Keepers
Factions of the
Three Percenters
QAnon
movement
White supremacists
,
neo-Fascists
,
neo-Nazis
, and
neo-Confederates
Various far-right movements
(
Full list
)
[
21
]
United States federal government
, D.C. and state governments
U.S. Capitol Police
D.C. Metropolitan Police
Montgomery County Police
[
22
]
[
23
]
Metro Transit Police
[
24
]
Prince George's County Police
[
25
]
Supreme Court Police
Virginia State Police
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Department of Homeland Security
U.S. Secret Service
Virginia Army National Guard
Maryland State Police
Maryland Army National Guard
New Jersey State Police
D.C. Army National Guard
Lead figures
President
Donald Trump
Enrique Tarrio
Joe Biggs
Stewart Rhodes
Vice President
Mike Pence
Speaker
Nancy Pelosi
Steven Sund
Casualties and criminal charges
Deaths
On January 6
1 rioter killed by gunshot
1 rioter died from drug overdose
2 rallygoers died from natural causes
[
26
]
Following January 6
1 police officer died of a stroke
4 police officers died by suicide
[
b
]
Injuries
Unknown number of rioters
At least 174 police officers,
[
9
]
including at least 15 hospitalized
[
31
]
Charged
1,500 or more, including Trump
[
c
]
(
see also
:
Criminal charges relating to the attack
and
2025 pardons
)
On January 6, 2021, the
United States Capitol
in
Washington, D.C.
, was attacked by a mob
[
34
]
[
35
]
of supporters of President
Donald Trump
in an attempted
self-coup
,
[
36
]
two months after his defeat in the
2020 presidential election
. They sought to keep him in power by preventing a
joint session of Congress
from
counting the Electoral College votes
to formalize the victory of then
president-elect
Joe Biden
. The attack was unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan
House select committee that investigated the incident
, the attack was the culmination of
a plan
by Trump to
overturn the election
.
[
37
]
[
38
]
Within 36 hours, five people died:
one was shot
by the
Capitol Police
, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes, including
a police officer who died
of a stroke a day after being assaulted by rioters and collapsing at the Capitol.
[
d
]
[
29
]
[
39
]
Many people were injured, including 174 police officers.
[
9
]
Four officers who responded to the attack
died by suicide
within seven months.
[
30
]
Damage caused by attackers exceeded $2.7
Â
million.
[
40
]
It is the only attempted
coup d'Ă©tat
directed towards the Federal government in the history of the United States.
Called to action by Trump on January
Â
5 and
Â
6, thousands of his supporters had gathered in Washington, D.C., to support
his false claims
that the 2020 election had been "stolen by emboldened radical-left
Democrats
",
[
41
]
and to demand that thenâvice president
Mike Pence
and
Congress
reject Biden's victory.
[
42
]
Starting at noon on January 6, at a "Save America" rally on
the Ellipse
,
[
43
]
Trump gave a speech in which he repeated false claims of election irregularities
[
44
]
and said "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore". As Congress began the electoral vote count, thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters. Among the rioters were leaders of the
Proud Boys
and the
Oath Keepers
militia
groups.
The
FBI
estimates 2,000â2,500 people entered the Capitol during the attack.
[
45
]
[
46
]
[
47
]
Some vandalized and looted,
[
48
]
[
49
]
including in the offices of
House speaker
Nancy Pelosi
and other Congress members.
[
50
]
Rioters assaulted Capitol Police officers
[
51
]
and journalists.
[
52
]
Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Complex. Rioters occupied the empty
Senate chamber
, while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor.
Pipe bombs
were found at the
Democratic National Committee
and
Republican National Committee
headquarters, and
Molotov cocktails
were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol. Trump resisted sending the
National Guard
to quell the mob. That afternoon, in a
Twitter
video, he restated false claims about the election and told his supporters to "go home in peace".
[
53
]
[
54
]
The Capitol was cleared of rioters by mid-evening, and the electoral vote count was resumed and completed by the morning of January 7, concluding with Pence declaring the final electoral vote count in favor of President-elect Biden. Pressured by
his cabinet
, the threat of removal, and
resignations
, Trump conceded to an
orderly transition of power
in a televised statement.
A week after the attack, the House of Representatives
impeached Trump
for
incitement of insurrection
, making him the only U.S. president to be
impeached
twice. After Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57â43 in favor of conviction, but fell short of the required two-thirds, resulting in his acquittal. Senate
Republicans
blocked a bill to create a bipartisan
independent commission
to investigate the attack, so the House instead approved a select
investigation committee
.
[
e
]
[
55
]
[
56
]
They held
public hearings
,
[
57
]
[
58
]
voted to
subpoena
Trump, and recommended that the
Department of Justice
(DOJ) prosecute him. Following
a special counsel investigation
, Trump was
indicted on four charges
, all dismissed following
his reelection
to
the presidency
. Trump and elected Republican officials have promoted a
revisionist history
of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spreading
conspiracy theories
, and portraying those charged with crimes as hostages and martyrs.
[
59
]
Of the 1,424 people then charged with federal crimes relating to the event,
[
60
]
1,010 pled guilty,
[
60
]
and 1,060 were sentenced, 64% of them to jail time.
[
60
]
Some participants were linked to
far-right
extremist groups or
conspiratorial movements
, including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and
Three Percenters
,
[
61
]
some of whom were convicted of
seditious conspiracy
.
[
62
]
Enrique Tarrio
, then chairman of the Proud Boys, received the longest sentence, a 22-year prison term.
[
63
]
On January 20, 2025, upon taking office,
Trump granted clemency to all January 6 rioters
, including those convicted of violent offenses but excluding himself.
[
20
]
Background
Attempts to overturn the presidential election
Joe Biden, of the Democratic Party, defeated incumbent Republican Party president Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.
[
64
]
Trump and other Republicans
attempted to overturn the election
, falsely claiming widespread
voter fraud
.
[
65
]
Trump's tweet shortly after polls had closed
Within hours after the polls closing, while votes were still being tabulated, Trump declared victory, demanding counting be halted.
[
66
]
He began a campaign to subvert the election, through
legal challenges
and extralegal effort. Trump's attorneys concluded there was neither a factual foundation nor valid legal argument for challenging the election results.
[
67
]
Despite those analyses, Trump sought to overturn the results by filing sixty lawsuits, including two that came before the
Supreme Court
. Those challenges were all rejected by the courts, for lack of evidence or
legal standing
.
[
65
]
Trump then mounted a campaign to pressure Republican governors, secretaries of state, and state legislatures to nullify results by replacing slates of Biden electors with slates pledged to Trump, or by manufacturing evidence of fraud; Trump's role in the
plot to use fake electors
led to prosecutions
in Georgia
and
in federal court
. He demanded lawmakers investigate ostensible election "irregularities", such as by conducting signature matches of
mailed-in ballots
, disregarding any prior analytic efforts. Trump made inquiries regarding the possibility of invoking
martial law
to "re-run" or reverse the election
[
65
]
[
68
]
and appointed a
special counsel
to find instances of fraud, despite conclusions by federal and state officials that such cases were few or non-existent. Trump ultimately undertook neither step.
[
65
]
Trump repeatedly urged Pence to alter the results and stop Biden from taking office despite none of those actions being within Pence's constitutional powers as vice president and
president of the Senate
. Trump repeated this call in his rally speech on the morning of January 6.
[
69
]
Numerous scholars, historians, political scientists, and journalists have characterized these efforts to overturn the election as an attempted
self-coup
by Trump and an implementation of the "
big lie
".
[
36
]
Planning of January 6 events
On December 18, Trump called for supporters to attend a rally before the January
Â
6 Congressional vote count, writing on Twitter, "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!".
[
7
]
[
70
]
On December 28, far-right activist
Ali Alexander
described collaboration with the Proud Boys and explained the purpose of the January 6 event would be "to build momentum and pressure" to convince members of Congress to alter the election results.
[
71
]
He named three Republican members of the House as allies who were planning "something big":
Paul Gosar
,
Andy Biggs
and
Mo Brooks
.
[
72
]
"We're the four guys who came up with a January
Â
6 event", Alexander said.
[
73
]
On December 23,
Roger Stone
's group
Stop the Steal
posted plans to "occupy just outside" the Capitol with promises to "escalate" if opposed by police.
[
74
]
Stone recorded a video for his "Stop The Steal Security Project" to raise funds "for the staging, the transportation and most importantly the security" of the event.
[
75
]
The event was largely funded by Trump donor
Julie Fancelli
, heiress to the
Publix
supermarket fortune, who budgeted $3
Â
million for and spent at least $650,000.
[
76
]
Fancelli's funding, via conspiracy theorist
Alex Jones
, was used to reserve the Ellipse. With Fancelli's funding, a
robocall
campaign urged people to "march to the Capitol building and call on Congress to stop the steal".
[
77
]
Jones claimed the White House asked him to lead the march to the Capitol.
[
78
]
On January 2, Trump announced plans to speak at the "March to Save America" rally on January
Â
6.
[
f
]
[
79
]
[
80
]
[
81
]
On January 4,
Steve Bannon
said he was part of "the bloodless coup".
[
82
]
[
83
]
Seditious conspiracy by Oath Keepers and Proud Boys
On November 5, two days after the election, leaders of the Oath Keepers began communicating about a "civil war". On November 9, the leaders held a members-only online conference in which leader Stewart Rhodes outlined a plan to stop the transfer of power, including preparations for using force. The Oath Keepers planned to store "an arsenal" with a "Quick Reaction Force" (QRF) in nearby Alexandria, Virginia. The leaders planned to procure boat transportation so bridge closures could not prevent their entry into D.C.
[
g
]
On December 12, about 200 Proud Boys joined a march near
Freedom Plaza
and the
Trump International Hotel
dressed in combat fatigues and ballistic vests.
[
88
]
In scuffles between protesters and counter-protesters, four people were stabbed and at least 23 arrested.
[
89
]
Three days later, Proud Boy members were being photographed wearing apparel featuring the antisemitic, Neo-Nazi slogan "6MWE" (6
Â
million wasn't enough),
[
90
]
referring to the number of Jewish
Holocaust victims
. The slogan was accompanied by an Eagle and
fasces
symbol used by the
Italian Fascists
.
[
90
]
The image, which spread on Twitter, prompted the
Anti-Defamation League
to declare that the "Proud Boys' Bigotry is on Full Display".
[
91
]
On December 19, Oath Keepers leader
Kelly Meggs
called Proud Boys leader
Enrique Tarrio
.
[
92
]
One Proud Boy leader posted a message saying, "I am assuming most of the protest will be at the capital [
sic
] building given what's going on inside".
[
93
]
The Proud Boys leadership encouraged members to attend the January 6 event. Leaders used a crowdfunding website to raise money and purchase paramilitary equipment such as concealed tactical vests and radio equipment in preparation for the attack. Chapter leadership spent the days prior to, and morning of January 6, planning the attack.
[
94
]
[
95
]
On December 29, leaders announced plans to be "incognito" on January 6, by not wearing their traditional black and yellow garb.
[
94
]
[
96
]
On December 30, the leadership received a document titled "
1776 Returns
", which called for the occupation of "crucial buildings" on January 6 and argued for supporters to "Storm the
Winter Palace
" in a reference to an attack on the Capitol.
[
97
]
On January 3 and 4, Proud Boys leadership explicitly discussed "storming" the Capitol.
[
94
]
On January 3, Rhodes departed home, having spent $6,000 on a rifle and other firearms equipment in Texas, and $4,500 in Mississippi, en route to D.C. On January 5, leaders began unloading weapons for the "QRF". Leaders drove into D.C. on a "reconnaissance mission".
[
84
]
On January 4, Tarrio was arrested by D.C. police in connection with a prior destruction-of-property charge. Fearing the police would access Tarrio's messaging apps, leadership deleted the group chat and created a new one. Tarrio was released on January 5 and ordered to leave the city. Rather than immediately comply, he traveled to a parking garage to meet with Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes.
[
94
]
[
98
]
The night of January 5, Proud Boys leaders divided members into teams, passed out radios, and programmed them to specific channels in preparation. Orders were issued to assemble at 10
Â
a.m. at the
Washington Monument
. Leadership warned members to avoid police and blend in with the public.
[
99
]
On January 6, about 100 plainclothes members assembled at the Washington Monument and were led to the Capitol to participate in the attack.
[
94
]
Predictions of violence
The weeks preceding January 6 were filled with predictions of violence by Trump supporters. The attack was later said to be "planned in plain sight", with postings on social media even planning for violence on January 6.
Commentators had long feared that Trump might provoke violence after an electoral loss.
[
h
]
[
100
]
For weeks before January 6, there were over one million mentions of storming the Capitol on social media, including calls for violence against Congress, Pence, and the police.
[
101
]
[
102
]
[
74
]
On December 28, a map was posted showing entrances and exits to the Capitol and tunnels that connect it to House and Senate office buildings. Black X's represented forces that would be "ready for action" if Congress tried to certify the election.
[
103
]
On January 1, the operator of a website about the tunnels noticed a traffic spike, prompting him to notify the
FBI
of a likely attack.
[
104
]
From December 29 to January 5, the FBI and its field offices warned of armed protests at every state capitol and reported plans by Trump supporters that included violence.
[
105
]
On December 30, one popular comment was posted, saying, "I'm thinking it will be literal war on that day. Where we'll storm offices and physically remove and even kill all the D.C. traitors and reclaim the country".
[
100
]
That comment was highlighted in a January 2 article by
The Daily Beast
which reported protesters were discussing bringing guns, breaking into federal buildings, and attacking law enforcement.
[
100
]
[
106
]
In the days leading up to the attack, organizations, including ones that monitor
online extremism
, issued warnings about the event.
[
107
]
On January 5, the media published stories about widespread predictions of violence, and D.C. mayor
Muriel Bowser
called for residents to avoid the downtown area where protesters would march.
[
108
]
Two D.C. food and lodging establishments with a history of being patronized by the Proud Boys announced temporary closures, citing safety concerns.
[
109
]
Members of Congress reached out to law enforcement charged with protecting the Capitol against violence and were assured Capitol Police were prepared.
[
110
]
Three days before the Capitol attack, the
Capitol Police
intelligence unit circulated a memo warning that Trump supporters see the day of the Electoral College vote count "as the last opportunity to overturn the results of the presidential election" and could use violence against "Congress itself" on that date.
[
111
]
Law enforcement and National Guard preparations
On November 9, Trump fired
Secretary of Defense
Mark Esper
and replaced him with
Christopher C. Miller
.
[
112
]
In response,
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) director
Gina Haspel
told Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Mark Milley
"we are on the way to a right-wing coup".
[
113
]
On December 18, Miller unilaterally terminated the Department of Defense's transition to the
incoming administration
, falsely claiming it was a mutually-agreed pause for the holidays.
[
114
]
[
115
]
On January 2, Republican senator
Mitt Romney
â who himself had lost the
2012 presidential election
against
Barack Obama
, and conceded in an orderly manner â contacted Senate majority leader
Mitch McConnell
, predicting reinforcements would be denied, "... a senior official at the Pentagon... reports that they are seeing very disturbing social media traffic regarding the protests planned on the 6th. There are calls to burn down your home, Mitch; to smuggle guns into DC, and to storm the Capitol. I hope that sufficient security plans are in place, but I am concerned that the instigatorâthe Presidentâis the one who commands the reinforcements the DC and Capitol police might require".
[
116
]
On January 3, all ten living former defense secretaries released an open letter in which they expressed concerns about a potential coup to overturn the election, mentioning Christopher Miller by name.
[
117
]
That day, Trump ordered Miller to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.
[
118
]
The next day, Miller signed
a memo
severely limiting the ability of the D.C. National Guard to deploy without his permission. Since his appointment in 2018, D.C. National Guard commanding major general
William J. Walker
had standing orders to respond to civil disturbances in the district, but on January 5, Walker received new orders from Secretary of the Army
Ryan McCarthy
forbidding him to respond to a civil disturbance without explicit prior approval from McCarthy and Miller.
[
119
]
Previously, he had authority to respond without seeking permission.
[
119
]
[
120
]
After the attack, Walker described the order as "unusual", noting "It required me to seek authorization from the secretary of the Army and the secretary of defense to essentially protect my guardsmen".
[
119
]
On January
Â
4, D.C. mayor Bowser announced that the
Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia
(MPD) would lead law enforcement in the district, and would coordinate with the Capitol Police, the
U.S. Park Police
, and the
Secret Service
.
[
121
]
Jurisdictionally, the Metropolitan Police Department is responsible for city streets of the National Mall and Capitol area, whereas the Park Police are responsible for the Ellipse, the Secret Service is responsible for the vicinity of the
White House
, and the Capitol Police is responsible for the Capitol complex itself.
[
121
]
During a meeting with a representative of the Capitol Police, the Mayor asked, "[W]here does your perimeter start?" At that point, the individual left the room, and stopped participating in the conference. The mayor later recalled, "[T]hat should have been like a trigger to me. Like these people, they don't want to answer questions about their preparation".
[
122
]
On January 6, under "orders from leadership", the Capitol Police deployed without "less lethal" arms such as
sting grenades
. The Capitol Police armory was not properly maintained; riot shields had been improperly stored at the wrong temperature, rendering them ineffective, while ammunition stores were expired.
[
123
]
Trump supporters gather in D.C.
On January 5,
Michael Flynn
(
left
) and
Roger Stone
(
right
) spoke at a Trump rally near the Capitol. Both had received presidential pardons in the past month.
[
when?
]
On January 5, events related to overturning the election occurred on or near the
National Mall
in Washington, D.C., at places such as Freedom Plaza, the North Inner Gravel Walkway between 13th and 14th Streets, Area
Â
9 across from the
Russell Senate Office Building
, and near the
United States Supreme Court
.
[
124
]
[
125
]
On the night of January
Â
5 and into the morning of January 6, at least ten people were arrested, several on weapons charges.
[
126
]
On January 5,
Ray Epps
, an individual with a history in the Arizona Oath Keepers, was filmed during two street gatherings urging people to go into the Capitol the next day, "peacefully", he said at one of the gatherings.
[
127
]
[
128
]
Epps was filmed on January 6 telling people to "go to the Capitol".
[
127
]
Epps had texted his nephew that he was "orchestrating" the flow into the Capitol building.
[
129
]
Epps later claimed that he had been boasting about "directing" people towards the Capitol.
[
130
]
From 1:00 to 5:00
Â
p.m. on January 5, a series of Trump rallies were held at Freedom Plaza.
[
124
]
Notable speakers included Alex Jones,
Michael Flynn
,
George Papadopoulos
, and Roger Stone.
[
131
]
Flynn and Stone had received presidential pardons in prior weeks. On December 8, Trump pardoned retired US
Â
Army lieutenant general Michael Flynn, who had pleaded guilty to "willfully and knowingly"
making false statements
to the FBI about communications with the Russian ambassador. Flynn, a prominent
QAnon
proponent, participated in the D.C. events on January 5, while his brother, U.S. Army general
Charles Flynn
, would participate in a conference call on January 6 when he would refuse permission to deploy the
National Guard
after the breach of the Capitol.
[
132
]
On December 23, Trump pardoned Roger Stone, who had been found guilty at trial of
witness tampering
, making false statements to Congress, and obstruction. Stone, who had longtime ties to the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, employed Oath Keepers as security on January 5.
[
133
]
Stone's Oath-Keeper driver,
Roberto Minuta
, was later convicted of seditious conspiracy for his role in plotting and executing the following day's attack.
[
134
]
January 5 meetings
In the evening of January 5, Trump's closest allies, including Michael Flynn,
Corey Lewandowski
, Alabama senator
Tommy Tuberville
, and Trump's sons
Donald
Â
Jr.
and
Eric
, met at the
Trump International Hotel
in Washington, D.C.
[
135
]
[
136
]
Tuberville has since said that he did not attend the meeting,
[
137
]
despite having been photographed in the hotel's lobby.
[
135
]
[
138
]
According to
Charles Herbster
, who said he attended the meeting himself, attendees included Tuberville, Adam Piper, and
Peter Navarro
. Daniel Beck wrote that "Fifteen of us spent the evening with Donald Trump Jr.,
Kimberly Guilfoyle
, Tommy Tuberville,
Mike Lindell
, Peter Navarro, and
Rudy Giuliani
".
[
139
]
Herbster claimed to be standing "in the private residence of the President at Trump International with the following patriots who are joining me in a battle for justice and truth". He added
David Bossie
to the list of attendees.
[
135
]
Bombs placed
External image
FBI images of bomb suspect
FBI
compilation of bombs being placed
[
140
]
At 7:40
Â
p.m. on January 5, someone was filmed carrying a bag through a neighborhood on South Capitol Street. At 7:52
Â
p.m., the person was recorded sitting on a bench outside the DNC; the next day, a pipe bomb was discovered there, under a bush. In the footage, the suspect appears to zip a bag, stand and walk away. At 8:14, the suspect was filmed in an alley near the RNC, where a second pipe bomb was found the following day.
[
141
]
Both bombs were placed within a few blocks of the Capitol.
[
142
]
[
143
]
Nearing the second anniversary of the incident, a reward of $500,000 was offered.
[
144
]
In December 2025, a suspect in connection with the incident was arrested by the FBI
[
145
]
[
146
]
and told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories about the 2020 election.
[
147
]
January 6 Trump rally
On January
Â
6, the "Save America" rally (or "March to Save America", promoted as a "Save America March")
[
148
]
took place on
the Ellipse
within the National Mall just south of the White House. The permit granted to
Women for America First
scheduled a first amendment rally "March for Trump", with speeches running from 9:00
Â
a.m. to 3:30
Â
p.m., with an additional hour for the conclusion of the rally and dispersal of participants.
[
124
]
Trump supporters gathered on the Ellipse to hear speeches from Trump, Rudy Giuliani, and others, such as
Chapman University School of Law
professor
John Eastman
, who spoke, at least in part, based on
his memorandums
, which have been described as an instruction manual for a coup d'Ă©tat.
[
149
]
[
150
]
In a February court filing,
Jessica Watkins
, a member of the Oath Keepers, claimed she had acted as "security" at the rally in collaboration with the Secret Service. The Secret Service denied this,
[
151
]
with Watkins later changing her story;
[
152
]
in 2023, she was sentenced to
8
+
1
â
2
years in prison.
[
153
]
Mo Brooks was a featured speaker at the rally and spoke around 9
Â
a.m., where he said, "Today is the day American patriots start taking down names and kicking ass". And later, "Are you willing to do what it takes to fight for America? Louder! Will you fight for America?"
[
154
]
[
155
]
Representative
Madison Cawthorn
said, "This crowd has some fight".
[
156
]
Women for America First founder Amy Kremer told attendees, "it is up to you and I to save this Republic" and called on them to "keep up the fight".
[
81
]
Trump's sons, Donald Jr. and Eric, along with Eric's wife
Lara Trump
, also spoke, naming and verbally attacking Republican congressmen and senators who were not supporting the effort to challenge the Electoral College vote, and promising to campaign against them in future primary elections.
[
157
]
Donald Jr. said of Republican lawmakers, "If you're gonna be the zero and not the hero, we're coming for you".
[
158
]
[
159
]
Rudy Giuliani repeated conspiracy theories that voting machines used in the election were "crooked" and at 10:50 called for "
trial by combat
".
[
160
]
[
161
]
Eastman asserted that balloting machines contained "secret folders" that altered voting results.
[
162
]
[
i
]
At 10:58, a Proud Boys contingent left the rally and marched toward the Capitol Building.
[
43
]
On January 6, the "Wild Protest" was organized by Stop The Steal and took place in Area
Â
8, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.
[
164
]
On January 6, the "Freedom Rally" was organized by Virginia Freedom Keepers,
Latinos for Trump
, and United Medical Freedom Super PAC at 300 First Street NE, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.
[
165
]
Trump's speech
An image of
Trump
delivering his rally speech from behind a bulletproof shield was projected onto this screen at the rally
Starting at 11:58, from behind a bulletproof shield,
President Trump gave a speech
, declaring that he would "never concede" the election, criticizing the media, and calling for Pence to overturn the election results.
[
69
]
[
166
]
His speech contained many falsehoods and misrepresentations that inflamed the crowd.
[
167
]
Trump did not call on his supporters to use violence or enter the Capitol,
[
168
]
but his speech was filled with violent imagery.
[
169
]
On social media, Trump was suggesting that his supporters had the power to prevent Biden from taking office.
[
168
]
One of his tweets, posted on January 6, 2021, at 5:43
Â
a.m., was "Get smart Republicans. FIGHT".
[
170
]
The same afternoon, Pence released a letter to Congress, in which he said he could not challenge Biden's victory.
[
69
]
[
171
]
Although the initial plan for the rally called for people to remain at the Ellipse until the counting of electoral slates was complete, the White House said they should march to the Capitol, as Trump repeatedly urged during his speech.
[
67
]
Trump called for his supporters to "walk down to the Capitol" to "cheer on our brave senators and congressmen and women and we're probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them". He told the crowd that he would be with them, but he ultimately did not go to the Capitol. As to counting Biden's electoral votes, Trump said, "We can't let that happen" and suggested Biden would be an "illegitimate president".
[
168
]
[
169
]
Referring to the day of the elections, Trump said, "most people would stand there at 9:00 in the evening and say, 'I want to thank you very much,' and they go off to some other life, but I said, 'Something's wrong here. Something's really wrong. [It] can't have happened.' And we fight. We fight like Hell and if you don't fight like Hell, you're not going to have a country anymore".
[
172
]
:â01:11:44â
He said the protesters would be "going to the Capitol and we're going to try and give [Republicans] the kind of pride and boldness that they need to take back our country".
[
173
]
Trump also said, "you'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength and you have to be strong. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated".
[
168
]
[
169
]
Trump denounced Representative
Liz Cheney
, saying, "We've got to get rid of the weak Congresspeople, the ones that aren't any good, the Liz Cheneys of the world".
[
174
]
He called upon his supporters to "fight much harder" against "bad people"; told the crowd that "you are allowed to go by very different rules"; said that his supporters were "not going to take it any longer"; framed the moment as the
last stand
; suggested that Pence and other Republican officials put themselves in danger by accepting Biden's victory; and told the crowd he would march with them to the Capitol (but was prevented from doing so by his security detail).
[
168
]
[
169
]
[
175
]
In addition to the twenty times he used the term "fight", Trump once used the term "peacefully", saying, "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard".
[
169
]
During Trump's speech, his supporters chanted "Take the Capitol", "Taking the Capitol right now", "Invade the Capitol", "Storm the Capitol" and "Fight for Trump".
[
176
]
[
177
]
Before Trump had finished speaking at 1:12
Â
p.m., the Proud Boys had begun their attack on the Capitol and breached the outer perimeter of the Capitol grounds; the two pipe bombs had been discovered nearby.
[
178
]
Attack on the Capitol
Police radio
traffic during the attack
Just before the
Proud Boys
attacked the Capitol,
pipe bombs
were discovered nearby.
[
179
]
Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, and other attackers besieged and breached the Capitol. Members of Congress barricaded themselves in the chamber, and one unarmed woman, airforce veteran Ashli Babbitt, was fatally shot by police while attempting to breach a barricade.
[
180
]
After officials at the Pentagon delayed deployment of the National Guard, citing concerns about optics, D.C. mayor
Muriel Bowser
requested assistance from Virginia governor
Ralph Northam
. By 3:15,
Virginia State Police
began arriving in D.C.
[
181
]
After Vice President Pence and Congress were evacuated to secure locations, law enforcement cleared and secured the Capitol.
Proud Boys march to Capitol as mob assembles
Map of major events by order; in blue are events generally considered to be prior to the attack, and in red are events that pertain to the attack itself. Highlighted events mark actions led by pro-Trump
paramilitary groups
, with unaffiliated Trump supporters surrounding the
Capitol
but concentrated on the west side.
(1) Beginning at 9
Â
a.m., a rally was held at the
White House Ellipse
.
(2)
Proud Boys
assembled at the
Washington Monument
at 10
Â
a.m. and departed for the Capitol around 10:30.
(3) About 12:40
Â
p.m., a bomb was discovered outside the
RNC
.
(4) Minutes later, at 12:53
Â
p.m., a crowd of Trump supporters, encouraged by the Proud Boys, breached a barricade on the outer perimeter in the west, gaining entry to Capitol grounds. Similar breaches on the same front would happen within minutes of each other.
(5) At 1:07
Â
p.m., a second bomb was discovered outside the
DNC
.
(6) At 2:10
Â
p.m., the Proud Boysâled mob breach the Capitol by breaking through windows on the west terrace with a stolen police riot shield and wooden beams.
(7)
Oath Keepers
marched up Capitol steps in a stack formation, amidst a crowd of Trump supporters attempting to enter on the east side; at 2:39
Â
p.m., the mob breached the Capitol through a door to the
rotunda
.
At 10:30, over a hundred Proud Boys left the Washington Monument, led by
Ethan Nordean
and
Joe Biggs
. By 11:52, the group reached the Capitol and walked around it before doubling back to the west side, which allowed them to assess building defenses and look for weaknesses.
[
182
]
[
57
]
[
183
]
En route, comments from a Proud Boy served as an indicator of a plan to attack the Capitol, according to a documentary filmmaker on scene:
There's only one moment where that â the sort of facade of marching and protesting might have fallen, which is there was a â one of the Proud Boys called Milkshake and Eddie Block on his livestream catches Milkshake saying, well, let's go storm the Capitol with Nordean â Rufio â one of the leaders of the Proud Boys saying, you could keep that quiet, please, Milkshake. And then we continued on marching.
[
184
]
Around 12:30, a crowd of about 300 assembled east of the Capitol. Senator
Josh Hawley
, a leader of the group of lawmakers who vowed to challenge the Electoral College vote, greeted these protesters with a
raised fist
as he passed on his way to Congress's joint session.
[
185
]
[
186
]
At 12:52, a group of Oath Keepers, wearing black
hoodies
with prominent logos, left the rally at the Ellipse and changed into
Army Combat Uniforms
, with helmets, on their way to the Capitol.
[
43
]
Shortly before 12:53, Nordean and Biggs marched the group of 200â300 Proud Boys to a barricade on the west side of the Capitol grounds near the
Peace Monument
. Biggs used a megaphone to lead the crowd in chants.
[
94
]
Bombs discovered near Capitol Complex
One of two pipe bombs discovered adjacent to the Capitol on January 6
Around 12:45 p.m., a bomb was discovered next to a building containing
Republican National Committee
(RNC) offices by a woman using the shared alleyway to access her apartment building's laundry room.
[
187
]
She alerted RNC security, which investigated and summoned law enforcement; U.S. Capitol Police, FBI agents and the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
(ATF) all responded to the RNC bomb.
[
188
]
About thirty minutes later, while officers were still responding at the RNC, they were informed a second pipe bomb had been discovered under a bush at the
Democratic National Committee
(DNC) headquarters.
[
189
]
[
190
]
Vice President-elect
Kamala Harris
was inside the DNC headquarters at the time the pipe bomb was discovered.
[
191
]
Capitol Police began investigating the DNC pipe bomb at 1:07
Â
p.m., and Harris was evacuated at approximately 1:14
Â
p.m.
[
191
]
The devices were of a similar design â about one foot (30Â cm) in length.
[
190
]
[
192
]
They were rendered safe by
bomb squads
;
[
189
]
the pipe bomb at the RNC was neutralized at 3:33
Â
p.m. and the pipe bomb at the DNC was neutralized at 4:36
Â
p.m., according to a Capitol Police timeline.
[
191
]
The bombs were fully functional and constructed of
galvanized steel
pipes, homemade
black powder
, and kitchen timers.
[
193
]
[
194
]
The FBI stated that the bombs "were viable and could have been detonated, resulting in serious injury or death".
[
193
]
Sund told
The Washington Post
on January 10 that he suspected the pipe bombs were intentionally placed to draw police away from the Capitol;
[
195
]
Representative
Tim Ryan
(D-Ohio) echoed the sentiment in a virtual news conference on January 11, saying, "[W]e do believe there was some level of coordination
Â
... because of the pipe bombs
Â
... that immediately drew attention away from the breach that was happening".
[
196
]
[
197
]
The Inspector General of the Capitol Police later concluded, "If those pipe bombs were intended to be diversion... it worked".
[
198
]
As the mob of Trump supporters attacked the Capitol, the discovery of the pipe bombs diverted a large number of already-outnumbered law enforcement officers from the Capitol.
[
191
]
Capitol Police Inspector General Michael Bolton testified before Congress that "the bombs drew three teams to investigate" and left only one squad at the Capitol.
[
193
]
On January 7, 2025, Trump claimed that the FBI had identified a suspect.
[
199
]
In February, podcaster
Dan Bongino
, who was about to step into the role of deputy director of the FBI, claimed the attempted pipe bomb had been "an inside job" and that "the F.B.I. knows who this person is".
[
200
]
[
201
]
Ten months later, on December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, Jr. was arrested in Virginia.
[
202
]
[
203
]
Investigators said there is no evidence that Cole has any connections to the US government, foreign countries, or political organizations. While he reportedly told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories that claimed the
2020 election was rigged
in Biden's favor, Cole began purchasing components of the bombs in 2019, and the FBI has not ascribed to him any specific motive.
[
204
]
[
205
]
[
206
]
Cole told investigators that he "was going to a protest in support of [then President] Trump", but when asked why he planted bombs outside of both the RNC and DNC buildings, Cole said "I really don't like either party at this point" and claimed that the planned attack was unrelated to the
certification of the 2020 election results
.
[
207
]
Bongino officially left his FBI position on January 3, 2026,
[
208
]
and Cole was indicted on January 6,
[
209
]
after which Cole's lawyers argued for his freedom under Trump's
mass pardon of the rioters
.
[
210
]
Attack begins near Peace Monument, led by Proud Boys
External videos
Reneau, Natalie; Cooper, Stella; Feuer, Alan; Byrd, Aaron (June 17, 2022).
"How the Proud Boys Breached the Capitol on Jan. 6: Rile Up the Normies"
. Visual Investigations.
The New York Times
.
The Proud Boys contingent reached the west perimeter of the Capitol grounds, which was protected only by a sparse line of police in front of a temporary fence. Other Trump supporters arrived, adding to a growing crowd. The Proud Boys coordinated their attacks "from the first moment of violence to multiple breaches of the Capitol while leaving the impression that it was just ordinary protesters leading the charge".
[
211
]
Proud Boys targeted an access point and riled up the previously peaceful crowd.
[
211
]
In a "tipping point", a man later identified as
Ryan Samsel
approached Joe Biggs and talked with him, even embracing him. Samsel told the FBI that Biggs "encouraged him to push at the barricades and that when he hesitated, the Proud Boys leader flashed a gun, questioned his manhood and repeated his demand to move upfront and challenge the police".
[
212
]
Proud Boy Dominic Pezzola recalled seeing Biggs flash a handgun and goading Samsel, telling him to "defend his manhood" by attacking the police line, but later tried to retract this statement.
[
213
]
Samsel talked to Oath Keeper Ray Epps in the same time frame, with Samsel and Epps stating that Epps was attempting to calm Samsel down and dissuade him from attacking police as Biggs was encouraging him to do. Samsel later changed his story.
[
214
]
[
215
]
Shortly after speaking to Epps and Biggs, Samsel became the first to violently attack police. Officer
Caroline Edwards
described the attack:
Ms. Edwards described how a Proud Boys leader named
Joseph Biggs
encouraged another man to approach the bike rack barricade where she was posted. That man, Ryan Samsel, she said, pushed the bike rack over, causing her to hit her head and lose consciousness.
But before she blacked out, Ms. Edwards recalled seeing "a war scene" playing out in front of her. Police officers were bleeding and throwing up, she recalled. "It was carnage", she said. "It was chaos".
[
216
]
Video showed Edwards being pushed back behind a bicycle rack as Proud Boys pushed barricades towards her, knocking her off her feet and causing her to hit her head on the steps.
[
217
]
The Proud Boys led the charge toward the Capitol, to the next police line,
[
211
]
repeating the same tactics: identifying access points, riling up protesters, and sometimes joining in the violence. When met with resistance, leaders reassessed, and teams of Proud Boys targeted new entry points.
[
218
]
Around 1pm, hundreds of Trump supporters clashed with a line of officers and pushed through barriers along the Capitol perimeter.
[
47
]
[
219
]
The crowd swept past barriers and officers, with members of the mob spraying officers with
chemical agents
or hitting them with lead pipes.
[
3
]
[
11
]
[
220
]
Many rioters walked up the external stairways, while some resorted to ropes and makeshift ladders.
[
221
]
Police blocked the entrance to a tunnel at the lower west terrace, where rioters waged a three-hour fight to enter.
[
222
]
To gain access to the Capitol, several rioters scaled the west wall.
[
223
]
Representative
Zoe Lofgren
, aware rioters had reached the Capitol steps, could not reach Capitol police chief
Steven Sund
by phone. House sergeant-at-arms
Paul D. Irving
told Lofgren the doors to the Capitol were locked and "nobody can get in".
[
110
]
Telephone logs show Sund had been coordinating additional resources from various agencies. Sund's first call was to the D.C. Metropolitan Police, who arrived within 15 minutes.
[
224
]
Sund called Irving and Stenger at 12:58 and asked for an emergency declaration required to call in the
National Guard
; they told Sund they would "run it up the chain", but approval was withheld for over an hour.
[
225
]
After his speech concluded at 1:00
Â
p.m. Trump ordered his Secret Service detail to drive him to the Capitol. When they refused, Trump reportedly assaulted his Secret Service driver, lunging for the man's throat.
[
226
]
On January 6,
Joe Biggs
and other
Proud Boys
led the "tip of the spear" to breach the
Capitol building
. The
LA Times
noted that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", attackers ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where two unreinforced windows and two doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.
[
227
]
[
211
]
Around 1:12
Â
p.m., reinforcements from the MPD, equipped with crowd control gear, arrived on the lower west terrace.
[
228
]
From 1:25 to 1:28, three different groups of Proud Boys leaders were recorded marching in stack formations away from the newly reinforced police line.
[
211
]
After about fifteen minutes of observing, the Proud Boys went back on the attack, targeting new access points that were poorly defended.
[
211
]
Ronald Loehrke and other Proud Boys led a contingent to the east side of the Capitol. Proud Boys again used distraction and teamwork to remove barricades, prompting the previously peaceful crowd on the east side to overrun barriers along the police line.
[
211
]
On the west side, Joe Biggs led a team of Proud Boys that targeted the stairs covered by temporary scaffolding.
[
211
]
Within minutes of Biggs's arrival, a team of Proud Boys approached the entrance to the scaffolding and attacked police.
[
211
]
Proud Boy Daniel "Milkshake" Scott led the charge, and a 20-minute battle for the scaffolding ensued.
[
122
]
[
211
]
At 1:50
Â
p.m., the on-scene MPD incident commander declared a riot.
[
224
]
At 1:58, Capitol Police officers removed a barricade on the northeast side of the Capitol, allowing hundreds of protestors to stream onto the grounds.
[
229
]
Attackers on west terrace breach Senate Wing hallway
Proud Boy
leader
Dominic Pezzola
(
top
) using a stolen police
riot shield
to breach the Capitol at 2:11, allowing attackers including Pezzola, Doug Jensen,
Joe Biggs
and others to stream into the building (
middle
).
A lone Capitol Police officer (
bottom
),
Eugene Goodman
, realizing he was steps away from the still-unsealed Senate chamber doors, shoved attacker Doug Jensen, leading the mob away from the Senate and towards a line of waiting Capitol Police reinforcements.
Just before 2:00
Â
p.m., attackers reached the doors and windows of the Capitol and attempted to break in. The
Los Angeles Times
observed that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", the first attackers to break through the police line onto the upper west terrace ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where unreinforced windows and doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.
[
227
]
At 2:11, Proud Boy leader Dominic Pezzola used a police riot shield to smash an un-reinforced window on the west side of the Capitol, breaching the building. By 2:13, the Capitol was breached.
[
j
]
Although most of the Capitol's windows had been reinforced, attackers targeted those that remained as single-pane glass and could be broken easily.
[
227
]
Joe Biggs and other Proud Boy leaders had entered the Capitol by 2:14.
[
94
]
A
news crew
from
ITV
followed the rioters into the Capitol, the only broadcaster to do so.
[
232
]
[
233
]
At 2:13, Pence was removed from the Senate chamber by a Secret Service agent, who brought him to an office about 100 feet (30Â m) from the landing. Pence's wife
Karen Pence
, daughter
Charlotte Pence Bond
, and brother, Representative
Greg Pence
, were in the Capitol.
[
234
]
As Pence and his family were escorted from the Senate chamber to a nearby hideaway, they came within a minute of being visible to rioters on a staircase 100 feet (30Â m) away.
[
235
]
Unaccompanied by other officers, Capitol Police officer
Eugene Goodman
confronted the mob. He has been cited for heroism in baiting and diverting the rioters away from the Senate chamber in the minutes before the chamber could be safely evacuated. As the crowd of rioters reached a landing from which there was an unimpeded path to the chamber, Goodman pushed the lead attacker, Doug Jensen, and then deliberately retreated away from the chamber, enticing the crowd to chase him in another direction.
[
236
]
One media report described his actions as follows:
In short, he tricked them, willingly becoming the rabbit to their wolf pack, pulling them away from the chambers where armed officers were waiting, avoiding tragedy and saving lives. Lives which include their own.
[
237
]
Those present, including legislators and members of the press, praised Goodman for his quick thinking and brave actions.
[
238
]
[
239
]
Senator
Ben Sasse
credited Goodman with having "single-handedly prevented untold bloodshed".
[
239
]
[
240
]
Goodman's actions were captured in video footage.
[
241
]
The footage of Goodman went
viral
on the internet, receiving more than 10
Â
million views.
[
242
]
[
243
]
A second video of Goodman's confrontation with the crowd was published.
[
243
]
Goodman was awarded the
Presidential Citizens Medal
.
[
244
]
Evacuation of leadership amid Capitol lockdown
C-SPAN broadcast of the Senate going into recess after Capitol is breached
Surveillance video of
Mike Pence
being evacuated from the Capitol
Congressional staffers removed the Electoral College certificates from the Senate floor as it was evacuated.
At 2:13, the Senate recessed,
[
245
]
and the doors were locked. A minute later, the rioters reached the doors to the gallery above the chamber.
[
110
]
[
246
]
Banging could be heard from outside as rioters attempted to break through the doors.
Speaker Pelosi
was escorted out of the House chamber.
[
247
]
[
248
]
A police officer carrying a
semi-automatic weapon
appeared on the floor and stood between Senate majority leader
Mitch McConnell
and minority leader
Chuck Schumer
.
[
249
]
Senator Mitt Romney exasperatedly threw up his hands and criticized fellow Republicans challenging Biden's electoral votes, yelling to them, "This is what you've gotten, guys".
[
250
]
Members of
Senate Parliamentarian
Elizabeth MacDonough
's staff carried the boxes of Electoral College votes and documentation out of the chamber to hidden safe rooms.
[
251
]
[
252
]
Due to security threat inside: immediately, move inside your office, take emergency equipment, lock the doors, take shelter.
âCapitol Police alert
[
110
]
At 2:26, Pence's Secret Service detail evacuated him and his family from their hideaway near the Senate downstairs, towards a secure location. After his evacuation, Pence's detail wanted to move him from the Capitol building, but Pence refused to get in the car. Addressing the agent in charge of his detail, Tim Giebels, Pence said, "I trust you, Tim, but you're not driving the car. If I get in that vehicle, you guys are taking off. I'm not getting in the car".
[
253
]
[
254
]
All buildings in the complex were subsequently locked down, with no entry or exit allowed. Capitol staff were asked to
shelter in place
; those outside were advised to "seek cover".
[
255
]
As the mob roamed the Capitol, lawmakers, aides, and staff took shelter in offices and closets. Aides to Mitch McConnell, barricaded in a room just off a hallway, heard a rioter outside the door "praying loudly", asking for "the evil of Congress [to] be brought to an end".
[
110
]
The rioters entered and ransacked the office of the Senate Parliamentarian.
[
256
]
With senators still in the chamber, Trump called Senator Tommy Tuberville and told him to do more to block the counting of Biden's electoral votes, but the call had to be cut off when the Senate chamber was evacuated at 2:30.
[
k
]
After evacuation, the mob took control of the chamber, with armed men carrying plastic handcuffs and others posing with raised fists on the Senate dais Pence had left minutes earlier.
[
11
]
[
261
]
Staff and reporters were taken by secure elevators to the basement, to a bunker constructed following the
attempted attack on the Capitol
in 2001. Evacuees were redirected en route after the bunker was infiltrated by the mob.
[
259
]
The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate,
Michael C. Stenger
, accompanied a group of senators, including
Lindsey Graham
and
Joe Manchin
, to a secure location in a Senate office building. Once safe, the lawmakers were "furious" with Stenger; Graham asked him, "How does this happen? How does this happen?" and added that they "[are] not going to be run out by a mob".
[
110
]
Meanwhile, the House recessed at 2:18.
[
262
]
Amid the security concerns, Representative
Dean Phillips
yelled, "This is because of you!" at his Republican colleagues.
[
263
]
According to her book,
Oath and Honor
, "[t]he
C-SPAN
cameras captured [Representative Cheney] as [she] pointed at [Representative
Jason Smith
] and said 'You did this.' [She] was angry. 'You did this.
'
"
[
264
]
The House resumed debate at 2:26.
[
262
]
After Gosar finished, the House again went into recess at 2:29
[
262
]
after rioters entered the House wing and attempted to enter the Speaker's Lobby just outside the chamber. Lawmakers were still inside and being evacuated, with Pelosi,
Kevin McCarthy
, and others taken to a secure location.
[
265
]
[
266
]
With violence breaking out, Capitol security advised members of Congress to take cover.
[
267
]
[
268
]
Members of Congress inside the House chamber were told to don
gas masks
as law enforcement began using
tear gas
within the building.
[
l
]
ABC News
reported that shots were fired within the Capitol.
[
269
]
[
170
]
An armed standoff took place at the front door of the chamber of the House of Representatives: as the mob attempted to break in, federal law enforcement officers inside drew their guns
[
11
]
and pointed them toward the doors, which were barricaded with furniture.
[
272
]
In a stairway, one officer fired a shot at a man coming toward him.
[
273
]
Photographer
Erin Schaff
said that, from the
Capitol Rotunda
, she ran upstairs, where rioters grabbed her press badge. Police found her, and because her pass had been stolen, held her at gunpoint before colleagues intervened.
[
250
]
The chief of staff for Representative
Ayanna Pressley
claimed that when the congresswoman and staff barricaded themselves in her office and attempted to call for help with
duress buttons
they had used during safety drills, "[e]very panic button...had been torn out â the whole unit".
[
274
]
A Democratic aide to the
House Administration Committee
emailed Greg Sargent of
The Washington Post
claiming the missing buttons were due to a "clerical screw-up" resulting from Pressley's swapping offices.
[
275
]
Representative
Jamaal Bowman
tweeted that there were no duress buttons in his office, but acknowledged he was only three days into his term and the buttons were installed a week later.
[
276
]
Multiple rioters, using the cameras on their cell phones, documented themselves occupying the Capitol and the offices of representatives,
[
277
]
vandalizing the offices of Speaker Pelosi,
[
278
]
[
279
]
accessing secure computers
, and stealing a laptop.
[
280
]
Oath Keepers arrive and breach Rotunda
Shortly after 2:00, Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes arrived on the restricted Capitol grounds. At 2:30, a team of Oath Keepers ("Stack One", which included Meggs, Harrelson, Watkins, Hackett, and Moerschel), clad in paramilitary clothing, marched in a stack formation up the east steps to join the mob already besieging the Capitol. At 2:38, those doors to the Capitol Rotunda were breached, and "Stack One" entered the building alongside other attackers. A second group ("Stack Two") entered the Capitol through those same doors at 3:15.
[
84
]
Throughout the attack, Oath Keepers maintained a "Quick reaction Force" ready to deliver an arsenal to the group if called upon.
[
84
]
[
281
]
[
282
]
Meanwhile, also at 2:38, Proud Boy founder Enrique Tarrio made a social media post writing, "Don't fucking leave". In response to a member who asked "Are we a militia yet?", Tarrio replied, "Yep... Make no mistake... We did this..."
[
94
]
Ashli Babbitt killed by police while attempting to breach Speaker's Lobby
External videos
After Zachary Jordan Alam (circled in red, bottom right) smashed the window with his helmet, Ashli Babbitt (circled in red, top left) attempted to breach the Speaker's Lobby by climbing through a window toward the fleeing congress.
Footage
of attempted breach of the Speaker's Lobby and subsequent shooting of Babbitt.
At 2:44
Â
p.m., law enforcement near the House Chamber was trying to "defend two fronts", and "a lot of members [of Congress] and staff that were in danger".
[
283
]
[
284
]
While some lawmakers remained trapped in the House gallery,
[
285
]
House members and staff from the floor were being evacuated by Capitol Police, protected from the attackers by a barricaded door with glass windows.
[
265
]
As lawmakers evacuated, an attacker smashed a glass window beside the barricaded door.
[
286
]
[
287
]
Lieutenant Michael Byrd aimed his weapon, prompting attackers to repeatedly warn "he's got a gun".
[
288
]
Police and Secret Service warned "Get back! Get down! Get out of the way!".
[
289
]
Ashli Babbitt
, wearing a Trump flag as a cape, began to climb through the shattered window, prompting Byrd to fire a single shot, hitting the attacker in the shoulder.
[
290
]
[
291
]
Mob members immediately began to leave the scene, making room for a police emergency response team to administer aid. Babbitt had entered the building through the breach on the upper west terrace.
[
292
]
She was evacuated to
Washington Hospital Center
where she died.
[
265
]
Footage of the shooting circulated.
[
293
]
Attack on the tunnel
Officer
Daniel Hodges
crushed in doorway of the Tunnel,
c.
â3:15
[
294
]
Around 3:15, MPD officer
Daniel Hodges
was crushed in a door while defending the Capitol tunnel from attackers. One of his attackers was sentenced to 7.5
Â
years in prison.
[
294
]
[
295
]
At 3:21, MPD officer
Michael Fanone
was pulled into the mob and assaultedâdragged down the Capitol steps, beaten with pipes, stunned with a
Taser
, sprayed with chemical irritants, and threatened with his own sidearm.
[
296
]
Fanone was carried unconscious back into the tunnel.
[
297
]
He suffered burns, a
heart attack
, traumatic brain injuries, and
post-traumatic stress disorder
.
[
298
]
[
299
]
[
300
]
One of the men who attacked Fanone with a stun gun was sentenced to 12.5
Â
years in prison.
[
301
]
By 3:39
Â
p.m., fully-equipped riot officers from Virginia had arrived and began defending the tunnel,
[
302
]
using flashbang munitions to clear the area of attackers.
Police clear the Capitol and Congress reconvenes
Reinforcements guard the Capitol after rioters were pushed out of the building.
A combined force of Capitol and Metropolitan police began an operation to clear the Capitol. By 2:49, the Crypt was cleared, and the mob outside the Speaker's Lobby was cleared by 2:57. At 3:25, law enforcement, including a line of MPD officers in riot gear, proceeded to clear the Rotunda; and by 3:40, rioters had mostly been pushed out onto West Plaza.
[
122
]
:âch 8â
At 4:22
Â
p.m., Trump issued a video message to supporters on social media, "We have to have peace. So go home. We love you. You're very special".
[
53
]
[
260
]
At 5:08, Army senior leaders relayed to Major General Walker the secretary of defense's permission to deploy the DC National Guard to the Capitol; The first contingent of 155 Guard members, dressed in riot gear, began arriving at the Capitol at 5:20.
[
284
]
[
119
]
By 6
Â
p.m., the building was cleared of rioters, and bomb squads swept the Capitol.
At 8:06
Â
p.m., Pence called the Senate back into session, and at 9:02, Pelosi did the same in the House. Biden's victory was confirmed by Pence shortly before 03:40
Â
a.m. on January 7, and the joint session was dissolved at 03:44.
[
262
]
Federal officials' conduct
Trump's conduct
Statement by Donald Trump during the conflict, two hours after the building had been breached
Trump was in the
West Wing
of the White House at the time of the attack.
[
303
]
He was "initially pleased" and refused to intercede when his supporters breached the Capitol.
[
304
]
Staffers reported that Trump had been "impossible to talk to throughout the day".
[
305
]
Concerned that Trump may have committed treason through his actions,
White House Counsel
Pat Cipollone
reportedly advised administration officials to avoid contact with Trump and ignore any illegal orders that could further incite the attack, in order to limit their prosecutorial liability under the
Sedition Act of 1918
.
[
306
]
Shortly after 2:00
Â
p.m. EST, as the attack was ongoing and after senators had been evacuated, Trump placed calls to Republican senators (first
Mike Lee
of Utah, then
Tommy Tuberville
of Alabama), asking them to make more objections to the counting of the electoral votes.
[
258
]
Pence was evacuated by the Secret Service from the Senate chamber around 2:13.
[
258
]
[
307
]
At 2:47
Â
p.m., as Trump's supporters violently clashed with police at the Capitol, Trump's account tweeted, "Please support our Capitol Police and Law Enforcement. They are truly on the side of our Country. Stay peaceful!"
[
260
]
The Washington Post
later reported that Trump did not want to include the words "stay peaceful",
[
303
]
and it later emerged that this message was sent by Deputy Chief of Staff
Dan Scavino
.
[
308
]
During the attack, Chief of Staff
Mark Meadows
received messages from
Donald Trump Jr.
, as well as
Fox News
hosts
Sean Hannity
,
Laura Ingraham
, and
Brian Kilmeade
, urging him to tell Trump to condemn the mayhem, or risk destroying his legacy.
[
309
]
By 3:10, pressure was building on Trump to condemn supporters engaged in the attack. By 3:25, Trump tweeted, "I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful. No violence! Remember, WE are the Party of Law & Order â respect the Law and our great men and women in Blue", but he refused to call upon the crowd to disperse.
[
260
]
By 3:40, several congressional Republicans called upon Trump to more specifically condemn violence and to tell his supporters to end the occupation of the Capitol.
[
310
]
[
311
]
At some point on January 6, Trump formally withdrew his nomination of acting DHS secretary
Chad Wolf
, transmitting his withdrawal to the Senate.
[
312
]
By 3:50
Â
p.m., White House Press Secretary
Kayleigh McEnany
said that the National Guard and "other federal protective services" had been deployed.
[
260
]
At 4:06
Â
p.m. on national television, President-elect Biden called for President Trump to end the attack. At 4:22
Â
p.m., Trump issued a video message on social media that Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube later took down. In it, he repeated his claims of electoral fraud, praised his supporters, and told them to "go home".
[
53
]
[
260
]
At 6:25
Â
p.m., Trump tweeted: "These are the things and events that happen when a sacred landslide election victory is so unceremoniously & viciously stripped away from great patriots who have been badly & unfairly treated for so long" and then issued a call: "Go home with love & in peace. Remember this day forever!"
[
54
]
[
260
]
[
313
]
At 7:00, Rudy Giuliani placed a second call to Lee's number and left a voicemail intended for Tuberville, urging him to make more objections to the electoral votes as part of a bid "to try to just slow it down".
[
258
]
Inflammatory speech while knowing of weapons
During the "Save America" rally, Trump delivered a speech filled with violent imagery while knowing that some of his supporters were armed. He demanded that armed supporters be allowed to enter the rally, and later instructed the crowd to march on the US Capitol.
[
169
]
[
314
]
In a December 21, 2021, statement, Trump falsely called the attack a "completely unarmed protest". The Department of Justice said in a January 2022 official statement that over 75 people had been charged, in relation to the attack, with entering a restricted area while armed with "a dangerous or deadly weapon", including some armed with guns, stun guns, knives, batons, baseball bats, axes, and chemical sprays.
[
315
]
According to testimony from Trump White House aide
Cassidy Hutchinson
, a Secret Service official had warned Trump that protestors were carrying weapons, but Trump wanted the
magnetometers
used to detect metallic weapons removed so armed supporters could enter the rally.
[
316
]
According to Hutchinson, when warned, Trump said:
I don't fucking care that they have weapons, they're not here to hurt me. They're not here to hurt me. Take the fucking mags away. Let my people in. They can march to the Capitol from here, let the people in and take the mags away.
[
314
]
Allegation of assaulting a Secret Service driver
In June 2022, Cassidy Hutchinson testified that she was told by then-
White House deputy chief of staff
Anthony Ornato
that after Trump got into the
presidential SUV
following his rally, hoping to drive to the Capitol as his supporters marched there, his lead Secret Service agent, Robert Engel, told him it was too dangerous and informed him they were returning to the White House. Hutchinson said Ornato told her Trump became irate, attempted to grab the steering wheel of the vehicle, and lunged at Engel's
clavicle
.
[
317
]
She testified Engel was present with Ornato as he related the incident but never contradicted the account.
[
318
]
Three days after Hutchinson's testimony,
CNN
reported that it had spoken with two Secret Service agents who had heard accounts of the incident from multiple other agents since February 2021, including Trump's driver. Although details differed, agents confirmed there was an angry confrontation, with one agent relating that Trump "tried to lunge over the seat â for what reason, nobody had any idea", but no one asserted Trump attacked Engel. A separate Secret Service official told CNN that Engel denied that Trump grabbed at the steering wheel or lunged toward an agent on his detail, and that Ornato denied telling Hutchinson that.
[
319
]
The same day,
Politico
reported that during an early 2022 deposition Engel told the committee that he had kept his full account of the incident from his Secret Service colleagues for at least fourteen months.
[
320
]
On July 14, 2022, CNN published a corroborating account by a Metropolitan Police officer in the motorcade, who told of the "heated exchange" Trump had with his Secret Service detail when they refused to take him to the Capitol following his rally on January 6.
[
321
]
Endangering Mike Pence
On January 5, after Vice President Mike Pence refused to participate in the fake electors plot, Trump warned that he would have to criticize him publicly. This prompted Pence's chief of staff to become concerned for Pence's safety and to alert Pence's Secret Service detail to the perceived threat.
[
322
]
[
323
]
At 3:23
Â
a.m. on the morning of January 6,
QAnon
leader
Ron Watkins
posted a tweet accusing Pence of orchestrating a coup against Trump and linked to a blog post which called for "the immediate arrest of [Pence], for treason".
[
324
]
[
325
]
[
326
]
At 2:24, while Pence was in hiding in the Capitol, Trump tweeted that Pence "didn't have the courage to do what should have been done".
[
327
]
[
328
]
Trump followers on far-right social media called for Pence to be hunted down, and the mob began chanting, "Where is Pence?" and "Find Mike Pence!"
[
329
]
Outside, the mob chanted, "Hang Mike Pence!", which some crowds continued to chant as they stormed the Capitol.
[
328
]
At least three rioters were overheard by a reporter as saying that they wanted to find Pence and
execute
him as a "traitor" by
hanging
him from a tree outside the building.
[
330
]
One official recalled that: "The members of the [Vice President's Secret Service detail] at this time were starting to fear for their own lives... they're screaming and saying things like 'say goodbye to the family'".
[
331
]
Alerted by a staffer to the threat against Pence, Trump reportedly replied "So what?"
[
332
]
Witnesses report that White House chief of staff Mark Meadows told colleagues that Trump expressed frustration about Pence being taken to safety and implying that Pence should be hanged.
[
333
]
[
334
]
Pence later argued that Trump's "reckless words endangered my family and everyone at the Capitol that day".
[
335
]
On April 3, 2025, the
John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
announced Pence as the recipient of the JFK
Profile in Courage Award
"for putting his life and career on the line to ensure the constitutional transfer of presidential power on Jan. 6, 2021".
[
336
]
Failure to end the attack
In a televised
January 6 Attack congressional hearing
on June 9, 2022, congresspersons
Bennie Thompson
and Liz Cheney stated that Trump did nothing to stop the attack despite numerous urgent requests that he intervene. They described Trump's inaction as a "
dereliction of duty
".
[
337
]
Cheney said that Trump had attempted to overturn a
free and fair
democratic election by promoting a seven-part conspiracy.
[
338
]
[
339
]
According to Representative Thompson, "Jan. 6 was the culmination of an attempted coup, a brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after Jan. 6, to overthrow the government... The violence was no accident. It represents Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power". Trump, according to the committee, "lied to the American people, ignored all evidence refuting his false fraud claims, pressured state and federal officials to throw out election results favoring his challenger, encouraged a violent mob to storm the Capitol and even signaled support for the execution of his own vice president".
[
338
]
[
339
]
After the June 9 hearing, Congressman
Tom Rice
reiterated his long-held view of Trump's conduct, saying, "He watched it happen. He reveled in it. And he took no action to stop it. I think he had a duty to try to stop it, and he failed in that duty".
[
340
]
Capitol Police leadership's failure to prepare
Capitol Police leadership had not planned for a riot or attack,
[
341
]
and on January 6, under "orders from leadership", the force deployed without riot gear, shields, batons, or "less lethal" arms such as
sting grenades
. Before the riot, they were seen taking selfies with the rioters.
[
342
]
Department riot shields had been improperly stored, causing them to shatter upon impact.
[
123
]
Hundreds more Capitol Police could have been used, but they were not.
[
230
]
Concerned about the approaching mob, Representative
Maxine Waters
called Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who was not on the Capitol grounds but at the police department's headquarters. When asked what the Capitol Police were doing to stop the rioters, Sund told Waters, "We're doing the best we can" and then hung up on her.
[
110
]
[
343
]
It was not until 2:10
Â
p.m. that the Capitol Police board granted Chief Sund permission to formally request deployment of the Guard.
[
122
]
In a February 2021
confidence vote
organized by the U.S. Capitol Police Labor Committee, the union representing Capitol Police officers, 92 percent voted that they had no confidence in leadership, writing: "Our leaders did not properly plan for the protest nor prepare officers for what they were about to face. This despite the fact they knew days before that the protest had the potential to turn violent. We still have no answers why leadership failed to inform or equip us for what was coming on January 6th".
[
344
]
Department of Defense leadership's refusal to send Guard
Acting-Secretary Christopher Miller (
top left
), whose appointment had prompted concerns of a right-wing military coup, failed to authorize the National Guard to deploy until after the Capitol had been secured and Trump had called for supporters to "go home". Walter E. Piatt (
top right
) and Charles Flynn (
bottom left
) participated in a 2:26
Â
p.m. call denying deployment of the guard, though the military did not admit Flynn's role for weeks after the attack. Daniel R. Hokanson (
bottom right
) placed calls to ensure the Virginia and Maryland National Guard would not move until given explicit permission by
the Pentagon
.
On January 3, acting defense secretary Miller had been ordered by Trump to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.
[
118
]
The following day, Miller issued orders which prohibited deploying D.C. Guard members with weapons, helmets, body armor, or riot control agents without his personal approval.
[
120
]
Prior to the attack, Trump had floated the idea with his staff of deploying 10,000 National Guardsmen, though not to protect the Capitol, but rather "to protect him and his supporters from any supposed threats by left-wing counterprotestors".
[
345
]
At 1:34Â p.m., D.C. mayor
Muriel Bowser
had a telephone call with Army Secretary
Ryan D. McCarthy
in which she requested that they deploy the Guard. At 2:10
Â
p.m., the Capitol Police board permitted Chief Sund to formally request deployment of the Guard.
[
122
]
At 2:26
Â
p.m., D.C.'s
homeland security
director Chris Rodriguez coordinated a conference call with Bowser, the chiefs of the Capitol Police (Sund) and Metropolitan Police (Contee), and D.C. National Guard (DCNG) commander Walker. As the DCNG does not report to a governor, but to the president, Walker patched in the Office of the Secretary of the Army, noting that he would need Pentagon authorization to deploy. Lt. Gen.
Walter E. Piatt
, director of the Army Staff, noted that the Pentagon needed Capitol Police authorization to step onto Capitol grounds. Metro Police Chief
Robert Contee
asked for clarification from Capitol Police Chief Sund: "Steve, are you requesting National Guard assistance at the Capitol?" to which Sund replied, "I am making urgent, urgent, immediate request for National Guard assistance". According to Sund, Piatt stated, "I don't like the visual of the National Guard standing a police line with the Capitol in the background". Sund pleaded with Piatt to send the Guard, but Piatt stated that only Army Secretary McCarthy had the authority to approve such a request, and he could not recommend that Secretary McCarthy approve the request for assistance directly to the Capitol. The D.C. officials were subsequently described as "flabbergasted" at this message. McCarthy would later state that he was not on this conference call because he was already entering a meeting with senior department leadership.
[
225
]
General
Charles A. Flynn
, brother of General
Michael Flynn
, a Trump and QAnon supporter, participated in the call.
[
346
]
[
347
]
By 3:37
Â
p.m., the Pentagon dispatched its own security forces to guard the homes of senior defense leaders, "even though no rioters or criminal attacks are occurring at those locations". Sund later opined, "This demonstrates to me that the Pentagon fully understands the urgency and danger of the situation even as it does nothing to support us on the Hill".
[
343
]
[
284
]
In response to the reluctance expressed by Department of Defense leaders during the 2:26 conference call, D.C. officials contacted the State of Virginia. Public Safety Secretary of Virginia Brian Moran dispatched the Virginia State Police to the U.S. Capitol, as permitted by a mutual aid agreement with D.C.
[
181
]
At 3:46
Â
p.m., after leaders of the Department of Defense learned that the Virginia National Guard may have mobilized, the head of the
National Guard Bureau
,
General Hokanson
, called the Virginia commander to verify that the Virginia Guard would not move without prior permission from the Pentagon. At 3:55, Hokanson made a similar call to the commander of the Maryland National Guard.
[
348
]
On January 6, Secretary Miller ultimately withheld permission to deploy the National Guard until 4:32
Â
p.m., after assets from Virginia had already entered the district, FBI tactical teams had arrived at the Capitol, and Trump had instructed rioters to "go home".
[
349
]
[
350
]
Miller's permission would not actually be relayed to the commander of the National Guard until 5:08.
[
351
]
Sund recalls a comment from the DC National Guard commander General Walker, who said:
Steve, I felt so bad. I wanted to help you immediately, but I couldn't. I could hear the desperation in your voice, but they wouldn't let me come. When we arrived, I saw the
New Jersey State Police
. Imagine how I felt.
New Jersey
got here before we did!
[
352
]
[
343
]
:âCh. 2â
The Army falsely denied for two weeks that Lt. Gen. Charles A. Flynn, the Army deputy chief of staff for operations, plans, and training, was on the call requesting the National Guard. Flynn's role drew scrutiny due to his brother Michael's recent calls for martial law and an election do-over overseen by the military.
[
346
]
Flynn testified that "he never expressed a concern about the visuals, image, or public perception of" sending the Guard to the Capitol; Col.
Earl Matthews
, who participated in the call and took contemporaneous notes, called Flynn's denial "outright perjury".
[
353
]
Department of Defense leaders claim they called the D.C. National Guard commander at 4:30 to relay permission to deployâleaders of the Guard deny this call ever took place.
[
354
]
Congressional conduct
During the attack, Representative
Lauren Boebert
(R-CO) posted information about the police response and the location of members on Twitter, including the fact that Speaker Pelosi had been taken out of the chamber, for which Boebert has faced calls to resign for endangering members.
[
355
]
[
356
]
Boebert responded that she was not sharing private information since Pelosi's removal was also broadcast on TV.
[
276
]
Representative
Ayanna Pressley
(D-MA) left the congressional safe room for fear of other members there "who incited the mob in the first place".
[
276
]
While sheltering for hours in the "safe room", a cramped, windowless room where people sat within arm's reach of each other, some Republican Congress members refused to wear face masks, even when their Democratic colleagues begged them to do so. During the following week, three Democratic members tested positive for COVID-19 in what an environmental health expert described as a "superspreader" event.
[
357
]
Deletion of Secret Service and Homeland Security text messages
As part of its investigation into the events of January 6, the
Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General
requested text messages from the Secret Service. In response, the messages were deleted.
[
358
]
[
359
]
Text messages from Department of Homeland Security leaders Chad Wolf and
Ken Cuccinelli
"are missing from a key period leading up to the January 6 attack".
[
360
]
Wolf's nomination had been withdrawn by the White House sometime on January 6.
[
361
]
A criminal investigation was opened into the deletion.
[
362
]
Participants, groups, and criminal charges
By November 2023, over 1,200 defendants had been charged for their role in the attack.
[
33
]
The attackers included some of Trump's longtime and most fervent supporters from across the United States.
[
363
]
The mob included Republican Party officials, current and former state legislators and political donors, far-right militants,
white supremacists
,
[
363
]
conservative
evangelical Christians
,
[
m
]
and participants of the "Save America" Rally.
[
364
]
According to the FBI, dozens of people on its
terrorist watchlist
were in D.C. for pro-Trump events on the 6th, with the majority being "suspected white supremacists".
[
365
]
Some came heavily armed and some were convicted criminals, including a man who had been released from a Florida prison after serving a sentence for
attempted murder
.
[
363
]
Last Sons of Liberty
,
[
366
]
Rod of Iron Ministries
,
[
367
]
Groypers
,
[
368
]
Nationalist Social Club-131
[
369
]
and
Super Happy Fun America
[
370
]
were allegedly involved in the attack.
[
371
]
Multiple factions of the
Three Percenters
also participated in the attack, including "DC
Â
Brigade", "Patriot Boys of North Texas",
[
372
]
and "B Squad". The B
Â
Squad and DC
Â
Brigade conspired with the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers.
[
373
]
Proud Boys
The Proud Boys played a much greater role in planning and coordinating the attack than was publicly known in 2021. In 2022, new information appeared in testimony to the
January 6 Committee
and in a
New York Times
investigative video.
[
218
]
Another key revelation about the Proud Boys' plans came from an informant and concerned Mike Pence:
According to an F.B.I. affidavit the panel highlighted ... a government informant said that members of the far-right militant group the Proud Boys told him they would have killed Pence 'if given the chance.' The rioters on January 6th almost had that chance, coming within forty feet of the Vice-President as he fled to safety.
[
374
]
On July 7, 2023, Barry Bennet Ramey was sentenced to 5
Â
years in prison. He was connected to the Proud Boys and pepper-sprayed police in the face.
[
375
]
Proud Boys leaders Joseph Biggs and Zachary Rehl were sentenced to 17 and 15
Â
years respectively.
[
376
]
Proud Boy
Dominic Pezzola
, who breached the Capitol with a stolen police riot shield, was sentenced to 10
Â
years.
[
377
]
Proud Boys founder Enrique Tarrio, described as the "ultimate leader" of the conspiracy, was sentenced to 22
Â
years in prison.
[
63
]
Oath Keepers
The
Oath Keepers
are an
American far-right
[
378
]
anti-government militia
[
378
]
[
379
]
whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the government of the
United States
, including the transfer of presidential power as prescribed by the
United States constitution
. It was incorporated in 2009 by founder
Elmer Stewart Rhodes
, a lawyer and former paratrooper. In 2023, Rhodes was sentenced to 18
Â
years for
seditious conspiracy
for his role in the attack; another Oath Keepers leader, Kelly Meggs, was sentenced to 12
Â
years for the same crime.
[
380
]
On January 13, 2022, 10 members of the Oath Keepers, including founder Stewart Rhodes, were arrested and charged with seditious conspiracy.
[
381
]
On November 29, a jury convicted Rhodes and Florida chapter Oath Keepers leader Kelly Meggs of seditious conspiracy. Three other members of the Oath Keepers were found not guilty of seditious conspiracy, but were convicted on other, related charges.
[
382
]
[
383
]
On May 23, 2023, Rhodes, age 57, was sentenced to 18
Â
years in prison.
[
384
]
The Department of Justice announced plans to appeal to the
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
for longer prison terms for Rhodes and his co-defendants.
[
384
]
At sentencing, the court described Rhodes as dangerous, noting "The moment you are released, whenever that may be, you will be ready to take up arms against your government".
[
385
]
Eight of Rhodes's militiamen were convicted for seditious conspiracy, among other charges. Meggs was sentenced to 12
Â
years in prison.
[
386
]
Jessica Marie Watkins
was sentenced to 8
Â
years and six months, and Kenneth Harrelson was sentenced to four years in prison. Both convicts were members of the Oath Keepers, with Watkins's crimes including merging her local Ohio armed group with the Oath Keepers in 2020, and Harrelson's as serving as the right-hand man to Kelly Meggs, leader of the Florida chapter.
[
387
]
QAnon
Jacob Chansley
, the "QAnon Shaman", in the US Senate during the attack. He was later sentenced to 41 months in prison,
[
388
]
being released from halfway house in May 2023.
[
389
]
QAnon is an
American political conspiracy theory
and
political movement
that originated in the
American far-right
political sphere in 2017.
[
390
]
QAnon centers on fabricated claims made by an anonymous individual or individuals known as "Q". Those claims have been relayed and developed by
online communities
and
influencers
. Their core belief is that a
cabal
of
Satanic
,
[
391
]
[
392
]
[
393
]
cannibalistic
child molesters
are operating a global child
sex trafficking
ring that conspired against Donald Trump.
[
394
]
Watchdogs studied QAnon posts and warned of the potential for violence ahead of January 6, 2021.
[
395
]
[
396
]
[
397
]
Multiple QAnon-affiliated protesters participated in the attack.
[
398
]
[
399
]
One participant, whose attire and behavior attracted worldwide media attention, was
Jacob Chansley
, a QAnon supporter nicknamed the "QAnon Shaman".
[
400
]
Ashli Babbitt, a rioter who was shot dead by police as she was trying to break into the Speaker's Lobby, was a committed follower of QAnon.
[
401
]
[
402
]
The day before the attack, she had tweeted: "the storm is here and it is descending upon DC in less than 24 hours".
[
403
]
White supremacists, neo-Nazis, and neo-Confederates
Far-right emblematic gear was worn by some participants, including
neo-Confederate
,
Holocaust deniers
,
neo-Nazi
and
Völkisch
-inspired
neopagan
apparel, as well as a shirt emblazoned with references to the
Auschwitz concentration camp
and its motto,
Arbeit macht frei
("Work sets you free").
[
n
]
The anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi group NSC-131 was at the event, although it is unknown to what extent.
[
406
]
[
407
]
[
o
]
Following the event, members of the group detailed their actions and claimed they were the "beginning of the start of White Revolution in the United States".
[
409
]
After the attack, two
white nationalists
known for
racist
and
anti-Semitic
rhetoric streamed to their online followers a video posted on social media showing a man harassing an
Israeli
journalist seeking to conduct a live report outside the building.
[
404
]
A Confederate battle flag was displayed inside the Capitol for the first time in U.S. history.
[
410
]
[
411
]
Some of the rioters carried
American flags
,
Confederate battle flags
,
[
p
]
or
Nazi
emblems.
[
414
]
A group of
Indian American
Trump supporters held an
Indian flag
.
[
415
]
Varun Gandhi
, a senior parliamentarian from India's ruling
BJP
, expressed surprise and disapproval of the prominent display of the Indian flag by some of the protestors in one of his
tweets
; opposition
Indian National Congress
leader
Shashi Tharoor
equated the mentality of some Indians with that of Trump supporters.
[
416
]
The laptop computer taken from Pelosi's office was taken by 22-year-old Capitol rioter
Riley Williams
, a member of the
Atomwaffen Division
and the
Order of Nine Angles
.
[
q
]
Williams' boyfriend, who tipped off police, said that she had intended to send the stolen laptop to a friend in Russia for sale to Russian intelligence.
[
419
]
[
421
]
Williams was sentenced to three years in prison.
[
422
]
The National Capital Region Threat Intelligence Consortium, a
fusion center
that aids the DHS and other federal national security and law enforcement groups, wrote that potentially violent individuals were joining the protest from the neo-Nazi group
Atomwaffen Division
and
Stormfront
. Despite this information, the Secret Service released an internal memo that stated there was no concern.
[
423
]
Others
Although the anti-government
Boogaloo movement
mostly were opposed to Trump, a Boogaloo follower said groups under his command helped attack the Capitol, taking the opportunity to strike against the federal government.
[
424
]
Also present during the attack were parts of the
National Anarchist Movement
and the
Blue Lives Matter
movement, supporters of the
America First Movement
, the Stop the Steal movement and the
Patriot Movement
, remnants of the
Tea Party movement
, the Three Percenters, the Groypers,
Christian nationalists
, and other far-right organizations and groups.
[
21
]
Shirts with references to the internet meme
Pepe the Frog
were also seen, alongside "1776" and "MAGA civil war 2021" shirts, NSC-131 stickers, and the
valknut
symbol.
[
425
]
Rioters were seen using the
OK gesture
, a gesture that had been famously co-opted as an
alt-right
symbol. Christian imagery, including a large "Jesus saves" banner, was seen in the crowd of demonstrators. Various other iconography was also on display, such as flags of other countries.
[
r
]
Anti-vaccine activists
and conspiracy theorists were also present at the rally.
[
428
]
Members of the right-wing Tea Party Patriotsâbacked group
America's Frontline Doctors
, including founder
Simone Gold
and its communications director, were arrested.
[
429
]
[
430
]
She was later sentenced to 60 days in prison by a US federal court in Washington, D.C., for illegally entering the Capitol building.
[
431
]
West Virginia delegate
Derrick Evans
, a state lawmaker, filmed himself entering the Capitol alongside rioters. On January
Â
8, he was charged by federal authorities with entering a restricted area;
[
432
]
he resigned from the House of Delegates the next day and was ultimately sentenced to 90 days in jail.
[
433
]
Amanda Chase
was censured by the Virginia State Senate for her actions surrounding the event.
[
434
]
Police and military connections
Politico
reported that some rioters briefly showed their police badges or military identification to law enforcement as they approached the Capitol, expecting to be let inside; a Capitol Police officer told
BuzzFeed News
that one rioter had told him "[w]e're doing this for you" as he flashed a badge.
[
341
]
One former police officer, Laura Steele, was convicted for breaching the Capitol with fellow Oath Keepers.
[
435
]
A number of
U.S. military
personnel participated in the attack;
[
363
]
the
Department of Defense
is investigating members on active and reserve duty who may have been involved.
[
436
]
[
437
]
Nearly 20% of defendants charged in relation to the attack, and about 12% of the participants in general, were current or former members of the U.S. military.
[
438
]
[
439
]
A report from
George Washington University
and the
Combating Terrorism Center
said that "if anything
Â
... there actually is a very slight underrepresentation of veterans among the January 6 attackers".
[
439
]
Police officers and a police chief from departments in multiple states are under investigation for their alleged involvement in the attack.
[
440
]
Two Capitol Police officers were suspended, one for directing rioters inside the building while wearing a
Make America Great Again
hat, and the other for taking a selfie with a rioter.
[
441
]
[
442
]
Analysis
A row of flags lining the
Capitol
grounds
In February 2021, an academic analysis in
The Atlantic
found that of the 193 persons so far arrested for invading the Capitol, 89 percent had no clear public connection to established far-right militias, known white-nationalist gangs, or any other known militant organizations. "The overwhelming reason for action, cited again and again in court documents, was that arrestees were following Trump's orders to keep Congress from certifying Joe Biden as the presidential-election winner". They were older than participants in previous far-right violent demonstrations and more likely to be employed, with 40% being business owners. The researchers concluded that these "middle-aged, middle-class insurrectionists" represented "a new force in American politics â not merely a mix of right-wing organizations, but a broader mass political movement that has violence at its core and draws strength even from places where Trump supporters are in the minority".
[
443
]
The
Associated Press
reviewed public and online records of more than 120 participants after the attack and found that many of them shared conspiracy theories about the election on social media and had believed other QAnon and "deep state" conspiracy theories. Several had threatened Democratic and Republican politicians before the attack.
[
363
]
The event was described as "
extremely online
", with "pro-Trump internet personalities" and fans streaming live footage while taking
selfies
.
[
444
]
[
445
]
According to the University of Maryland's
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
:
The "ordinary people" argument misses, or at least obscures, the extent to which the Capitol rioters were linked to dangerous groups and ideas.... at least 280 of the individuals charged with committing crimes on Jan. 6 were associated with extremist groups or conspiratorial movements. This includes 78 defendants who had links to the Proud Boys, a group with a history of violence; 37 members of the anti-government Oath Keepers militia; 31 individuals who embraced the similarly anti-government and militant views of the Three Percenters movement; and 92 defendants who promoted aspects of QAnon....
These 280 individuals make up approximately 35 percent of the Capitol defendants. While it is true that they do not represent a majority of the more than 800 people who have been charged in connection with the riot, ... A 35 percent rate of participation in extremism among a collective of apparently "ordinary" individuals is an astounding number â one that should shake us to our core.
[
61
]
Rioters outside the
Capitol
shortly after
Congress
was evacuated
Federal officials estimate that about ten thousand rioters entered the Capitol grounds,
[
446
]
and the
Secret Service
and FBI have estimated that from 2,000 to 2,500 ultimately entered the building.
[
45
]
[
46
]
[
47
]
As of May 2024, about 1,400 people had been charged with federal crimes relating to the event,
[
60
]
and 884 of those defendants had been sentenced,
[
60
]
in many cases for nonviolent offenses.
[
447
]
[
448
]
Those who went inside the Capitol but were peaceful have been called "MAGA tourists".
[
449
]
More than 800 video and audio filesâincluding D.C. Metropolitan Police radio transmissions, Capitol Police
body-worn camera
footage, and Capitol surveillance camera footageâwere later obtained as evidence in Trump's impeachment trial. The evidence showed that the assailants launched a large and coordinated attack. For example, "Security camera footage near the House chamber shows the rioters waving in reinforcements to come around the corner. Another video shows more than 150 rioters charging through a breached entrance in just a minute-and-a-half".
[
450
]
While assaulting the Capitol, the crowd chanted "Fight, Fight"; "Stop the steal"; and "Fight for Trump".
[
451
]
As they were overrun by a violent mob, the police acted with restraint and pleaded for backup.
[
450
]
Many of the attackers employed tactics, body armor, and technology (such as two-way radio headsets) similar to those of the very police they were confronting.
[
452
]
Some rioters wore riot gear, including helmets and military-style vests. A pair of rioters carried
plastic handcuffs
, which they found on a table inside the Capitol.
[
453
]
[
454
]
In an analysis of later court documents, it was reported that at least 85 participants in the riot were charged with carrying or using a weaponâsuch as guns, knives, axes, chemical sprays, police gear, and
stun guns
âin the riots to assault others or break objects. It is illegal to possess weapons at the Capitol.
[
455
]
Results
Casualties and suicides
Capitol Police officer
Brian Sicknick
died the day after the attack.
Ashli Babbitt
, a 35-year-old
Air Force
veteran, was fatally shot in the upper chest by Lt. Michael Leroy Byrd while attempting to climb through the shattered window of a barricaded door.
[
456
]
[
s
]
Brian Sicknick
, a 42-year-old responding Capitol Police officer, was pepper-sprayed during the attack and had two
thromboembolic
strokes the next day,
[
461
]
[
462
]
after which he was placed on life support
[
463
]
and soon died.
[
464
]
[
465
]
The D.C. chief medical examiner found he died from a stroke, classifying his death as natural,
[
466
]
and said that the designation of natural causes is "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural".
[
29
]
The coroner commented that "all that transpired played a role in his condition".
[
39
]
[
462
]
[
467
]
While some accounts maintain he was struck in the head during the riots, he was not found to have died from blunt-force trauma. No signs of any injuries were found during medical examination.
[
468
]
Rosanne Boyland, 34, died of an
amphetamine
overdose during the attack, rather than, as was initially reported, from injuries sustained from being crushed beneath other rioters.
[
469
]
When the crowd of rioters moved from on top of her, she was found dead. Her death was ruled as
accidental
by the D.C. medical examiner's office.
[
29
]
Her mother, Cheryl Boyland, told
NBC News
: "She was not doing drugs. The only thing they found was her own
prescription medicine
".
[
470
]
Kevin Greeson, 55; and Benjamin Philips, 50, died naturally from
coronary heart disease
and
hypertensive heart disease
, respectively. There was no indication that they participated in the riot.
[
29
]
[
26
]
Four officers, from various police departments, who responded to the attack committed suicide in the days and months that followed.
[
30
]
[
471
]
Capitol Police officer
Howard Charles Liebengood
died by suicide three days after the attack.
[
472
]
D.C. Metropolitan Police officer
Jeffrey Smith
, who was injured in the attack, died by suicide from a gunshot wound to the head at
George Washington Memorial Parkway
on January 15, after a misdiagnosed concussion;
[
473
]
his death was found to be in line of duty.
[
474
]
In July, two more officers who responded to the attack died by suicide: Metropolitan Police officer Kyle Hendrik DeFreytag was found on July 10, and Metropolitan Police officer Gunther Paul Hashida was found on July 29.
[
475
]
Some rioters
[
t
]
and 174 police officers were injured, of whom 15 were hospitalized, some with severe injuries.
[
31
]
All had been released from the hospital by January 11.
[
477
]
Damage
A damaged window in the
Capitol
Rioters stormed the offices of Pelosi, flipping tables and ripping photos from walls;
[
278
]
[
279
]
the office of the Senate Parliamentarian was ransacked;
[
256
]
art was looted;
[
11
]
and feces were tracked into hallways.
[
478
]
[
13
]
[
479
]
Windows were smashed throughout the building, leaving the floor littered with glass and debris.
[
11
]
Rioters damaged, turned over, or stole furniture.
One door had "Murder the Media" scribbled onto it in all-caps.
[
481
]
Rioters damaged Associated Press recording and broadcasting equipment outside the Capitol after chasing away reporters.
[
482
]
Rioters also destroyed a display honoring the life of congressman and
civil rights
leader
John Lewis
.
[
483
]
[
484
]
A photo of Representative
Andy Kim
cleaning up the litter in the rotunda after midnight
went viral
.
[
485
]
The rioters caused extensive physical damage.
[
11
]
[
13
]
Architect of the Capitol
J. Brett Blanton
, who then led the office charged with maintaining the Capitol and preserving its art and architecture, reported in congressional testimony from late February 2021 that the combined costs of repairing the damage and post-attack security measures (such as erecting temporary perimeter fencing) already exceeded $30
Â
million and would continue to increase.
[
15
]
In May 2021, U.S. prosecutors estimated that the damage would cost almost $1.5
Â
million.
[
486
]
Interior damage from the attack included broken glass, broken doors, and
graffiti
; some statues, paintings, and furniture were damaged by
pepper spray
, tear gas, and fire extinguishing agents deployed by rioters and police.
[
12
]
[
15
]
The historic bronze
Columbus Doors
were damaged.
[
15
]
[
487
]
Items, including portraits of
John Quincy Adams
and
James Madison
, as well as a
marble statue of Thomas Jefferson
, were covered in "corrosive gas agent residue"; these were sent to the
Smithsonian
for assessment and restoration.
[
427
]
A 19th-century marble
bust
of President
Zachary Taylor
was defaced with what seemed to be blood, but the most important works in the Capitol collection, such as the
John Trumbull
paintings, were unharmed.
[
12
]
On the Capitol's exterior, two 19th-century bronze light fixtures designed by
Frederick Law Olmsted
were damaged.
[
12
]
Because the Capitol has no
insurance against loss
, taxpayers will pay for damage suffered during the siege.
[
481
]
Rare
old-growth
mahogany wood, stored in Wisconsin for more than one hundred years by the
Forest Products Laboratory
, was used to replace damaged wood fixtures and doors at the Capitol.
[
488
]
[
489
]
Laptop theft and cybersecurity concerns
A laptop owned by Senator
Jeff Merkley
was stolen.
[
490
]
A laptop taken from Pelosi's office was a "laptop from a conference room
Â
... that was only used for presentations", according to Pelosi's deputy chief of staff. After the thief,
Riley Williams
, was arrested, her house and car were searched by police but they were unable to recover the laptop.
[
14
]
[
491
]
The device has not been found to this day.
[
492
]
Representative
Ruben Gallego
said, "we have to do a full review of what was taken, or copied, or even left behind in terms of
bugs and listening devices
".
[
341
]
Military news website
SOFREP
reported that "several"
secret
âlevel laptops were stolen, some of which had been abandoned while still logged in to
SIPRNet
, causing authorities to temporarily shut down SIPRNet for a security update on January
Â
7 and leading the
United States Army Special Operations Command
to re-authorize all SIPRNet-connected computers on January 8.
[
493
]
[
494
]
Representative
Anna Eshoo
said in a statement that "[i]mages on social media and in the press of vigilantes accessing congressional computers are worrying" and she had asked the
Chief Administrative Officer of the House
(CAO) "to conduct a full assessment of threats based on what transpired".
[
495
]
The CAO said it was "providing support and guidance to House offices as needed".
[
14
]
Aftermath
Political, legal, and social repercussions
The attack had political, legal, and social repercussions. The
second impeachment of Donald Trump
, who was charged for incitement of
insurrection
for his conduct, occurred on January 13. At the same time,
Cabinet
officials were pressured to
invoke the 25th Amendment
for removing Trump from office.
[
496
]
Trump was subsequently acquitted in the
Senate trial
, which was held in February after Trump had already left office. The result was a 57â43 vote in favor of conviction, with every Democrat and seven Republicans voting to convict, but two-thirds of the Senate (67 votes) are required to convict.
[
497
]
Many in the Trump administration resigned. Several large companies
[
498
]
announced they were
halting all political donations
, and others have suspended funding the
lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results
.
[
499
]
A bill was introduced to form an
independent commission
, similar to the
9/11 Commission
, to investigate the events surrounding the attack; it passed the House but was blocked by Republicans in the Senate.
[
500
]
The House then approved a House "
select committee
" to investigate the attack.
[
501
]
In June, the Senate released the results of its own investigation of the attack. The event led to strong
criticism of law enforcement agencies
. Leading figures within the United States Capitol Police resigned.
[
502
]
[
503
]
A
large-scale criminal investigation was undertaken
, with the FBI opening more than 1,200 case files. Federal law enforcement undertook a nationwide manhunt for the perpetrators, with
arrests
and indictments following within days. Over 890 people had been found guilty of federal crimes.
[
504
]
Trump was
suspended
from various social media sites for his involvement in inciting the attack, at first temporarily and then
indefinitely
. In response to posts by Trump supporters in favour of the attempts to overturn the election, the social networking site
Parler was shut down
by its service providers.
Corporate suspensions of other accounts and programs
associated with participating groups also took place.
[
505
]
[
506
]
[
507
]
The inauguration week was marked by
nationwide security concerns
. Unprecedented
security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden
were undertaken, including the deployment of 25,000 National Guard members. In May, the House passed a $1.9 billion Capitol security bill in response to the attack.
[
508
]
In the days following the attack on the Capitol, Republican politicians in at least three states introduced legislation creating new prohibitions on protest activity.
[
509
]
Trump has publicly embraced and celebrated the January 6 Capitol attack.
[
510
]
Trump and elected officials within the Republican Party have since promoted a
revisionist history
of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spread conspiracy theories about the attack, called those charged "hostages" and portrayed them as martyrs.
[
u
]
After being elected president in the
2024 United States presidential election
Donald Trump pardoned about 1,500 people convicted of offenses related to the attack on January 20, 2025.
[
520
]
Within days of the attack on the Capitol, a significant number of corporations and political donors financially distanced themselves from
The Trump Organization
. The
Professional Golf Association
was one of the first major organizations to do so, announcing on January 11, 2021, that they would move their 2022 PGA Championship from Trump's club to New Jersey.
Deutsche Bank
and
Signature Bank
both announced that week that they would be cutting ties with Trump, with the latter closing two of Trump's personal bank accounts collectively worth $5.3 million USD.
New York City
previously had contracts with the organization to run several properties but terminated them, a decision that
Eric Trump
claimed was not within their right to do.
[
521
]
Cushman & Wakefield
, one of the United States' largest
real estate
companies, cut ties with The Trump Organization in the week following the attack. The firm had previously worked with the organization on
Trump Tower
and
the Trump Building
, two of the organization's most profitable assets.
[
522
]
It had also managed
leasing
for several of the organization's properties, including Trump Tower.
[
523
]
Trump's nephew,
Fred Trump III
, was asked to leave Cushman & Wakefield due to his familial ties with Trump.
[
522
]
[
524
]
Fred Trump III, while he had sued Trump along with his sister
Mary L. Trump
between 1999 and 2001 over the estate of
Fred Trump
, had not yet released his 2024 allegations against Trump and was not yet a vocal critic of him.
[
523
]
[
524
]
At the time of being asked to leave, he was an executive director for the firm and had been working for there for nearly four years.
[
523
]
A joint federal investigation known as the
Arctic Frost investigation
was opened in April 2022 involving the FBI, DOJ Office of Inspector General, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, National Archives and Office of Inspector General into efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results.
The
117th Congress
passed and President
Joe Biden
signed legislation related to the Capitol attack, including the
Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021
, the
Electoral Reform Act
, and a bill granting awards to Capitol Police officers for their bravery during the insurrection.
[
525
]
On August 1, 2023,
Fitch Ratings
downgraded
the U.S. credit rating from AAA to AA+, making it the second time in U.S. history the government's credit rating was downgraded since
Standard & Poor's
downgrade in 2011. Fitch Ratings directly cited the attack as a factor in its decision to downgrade, privately telling Biden officials that the event "indicated an unstable government". It also cited rising debt at the federal, state, and local levels, a "steady deterioration in standards of governance" over the last two decades, worsening political divisions around spending and tax policy, and "repeated debt limit standoffs and last-minute resolutions". Fitch Ratings did note in a previous report that while government stability declined from 2018 to 2021, it had increased since Biden assumed the presidency.
[
526
]
On July 16, 2023, Trump was notified that he was officially a target in the
Smith special counsel investigation
.
[
527
]
On August 1, 2023, Trump was
indicted on four charges
. These were
conspiracy to defraud the United States
under
Title 18 of the United States Code
,
obstructing an official proceeding
and conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding under the
SarbanesâOxley Act of 2002
, and
conspiracy against rights
under the
Enforcement Act of 1870
. Trump pleaded not guilty,
[
528
]
while his attorney
Sidney Powell
later pleaded guilty to conspiring to interfere with the election.
[
529
]
Following Trump's reelection to the
presidency
in November 2024, Smith filed a motion to dismiss the case without prejudice, citing the DOJ's policy of not prosecuting sitting presidents. Judge
Chutkan
approved the request and dismissed all charges. Smith submitted his final 137-page report to the Justice Department on January 7, 2025, and resigned three days later.
[
530
]
[
531
]
The part of the report about election obstruction was made public on January 14. The part about the mishandling of government records was not released at the same time because it was related to an ongoing criminal case.
[
532
]
Although a few evangelical leaders supported the attack,
[
533
]
most condemned the violence and criticized Trump for inciting the crowd. This criticism came from liberal Christian groups such as the
Red-Letter Christians
, as well as evangelical groups who were generally supportive of Trump.
[
533
]
[
534
]
This criticism did not noticeably affect evangelical support for Trump; investigative journalist
Sarah Posner
, author of
Unholy: Why White Evangelicals Worship at the Altar of Donald Trump
, argued that many white evangelical Christians in the U.S. create an
echo chamber
whereby Trump's missteps are blamed on the Democratic Party, leftists, or the
mainstream media
, the last of which
is viewed as especially untrustworthy
.
[
535
]
In February 2025, during
Donald Trump's second presidential term
,
The Washington Post
reported that candidates for top intelligence and law enforcement positions were being screened with yes-or-no questions about whether January 6 was "an inside job" and whether the 2020 presidential election was "stolen".
[
536
]
State-level legislation has been introduced in New York and passed in Maine and Nevada to preserve the history of the U.S. Capitol riot and counter what Nevada State Assemblymember
Steve Yeager
describes as "misinformation about Jan. 6".
[
537
]
On December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, who was suspected of placing pipe bombs at both the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C., on the eve of the January 6, 2021, attack, would be arrested by
FBI
agents in Virginia.
[
538
]
On the fifth anniversary of the attack, the
second Trump administration
published a website with a false telling of events, which
The Washington Post
described as a part of "Trumpâs years-long effort to reshape the narrative surrounding the day when a mob of his supporters violently overran the U.S. Capitol."
[
539
]
Domestic reactions
Donald Trump made another statement after the riot on January 7, 2021.
In the aftermath of the attack, after drawing widespread condemnation from the
U.S. Congress
, members of
his administration
, and the media, 45th
U.S. president
Donald Trump
released a video-recorded statement on January
Â
7, reportedly to stop the resignations of his staff and the threats of impeachment or removal from office. In the statement, he condemned the violence at the
U.S. Capitol
, saying that "a new administration will be inaugurated", which was widely seen as a concession, and his "focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly, and seamless transition of power" to the
Joe Biden administration
.
[
540
]
Vanity Fair
reported that Trump was at least partially convinced to make the statement by
U.S. senator
Lindsey Graham
(R-SC), who told Trump a sufficient number of Senate Republicans would support removing him from office unless he conceded.
[
541
]
Kayleigh McEnany
, the
White House press secretary
, had attempted to distance the administration from the rioters' behavior in a televised statement earlier in the day.
[
542
]
On January 9,
The New York Times
reported that Trump had told
White House
aides he regretted committing to an orderly transition of power and would never resign from office.
[
543
]
In a March 25 interview on
Fox News
, Trump defended the Capitol attackers, saying they were patriots who posed "zero threat", and he criticized law enforcement for "persecuting" the rioters.
[
544
]
The
Joint Chiefs of Staff
issued a statement on January 12 condemning the attack and reminding military personnel everywhere that incoming president
Joe Biden
was about to become their commander-in-chief, saying "...
Â
the rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition, and insurrection".
[
545
]
The statement also said, "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic".
[
546
]
[
547
]
U.S. senator
Mitch McConnell
(
R
â
KY
), then the
Senate majority leader
, called it a "failed insurrection",
[
548
]
[
549
]
that "the mob was fed lies", and "they were provoked by the president and other powerful people".
[
548
]
Christopher Wray
, the director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) since 2017, later characterized the incident as
domestic terrorism
.
[
550
]
[
551
]
President Biden, who described the rioters as "terrorists" aimed at "overturning the will of the American people" later shared this opinion.
[
552
]
In early 2021, the
RAND Corporation
released a framework to reduce the risk of extremist activity in the U.S. military.
[
553
]
House speaker
Nancy Pelosi
had the flags at the Capitol lowered to
half-staff
in honor of
Brian Sicknick
, a
United States Capitol Police
officer who died following the attacks.
[
554
]
[
555
]
Trump initially declined to lower flags at the White House or other federal buildings under his control, before changing his mind four days later.
[
556
]
[
557
]
[
558
]
Biden,
Mike Pence
, and Pelosi offered condolences to Sicknick's family; Trump did not.
[
554
]
[
559
]
After Sicknick's death, Senator
Ted Cruz
(
R-TX
) received backlash for previous speeches that were perceived as calls for violence.
[
560
]
A survey by the Hobby School of Public Affairs at the
University of Houston
taken January 12â20 showed that nearly a third (32%) of Texas Republicans supported the attack, although overall 83% of all Texans who expressed an opinion were opposed to it.
[
561
]
In a poll of Americans just after the attack, 79% of those surveyed said America is "
falling apart
".
[
562
]
[
563
]
In February 2022, the
Republican National Committee
called the events of January 6 "legitimate political discourse".
[
564
]
The US art world reacted through the chronicling of the day as well as the creation of new work. Starting January 7, 2021, the
Smithsonian Museum
enacted its "rapid-response protocol" to gather rally signs, posters, flags, and weapons abandoned on the
National Mall
and began work on a digital arts exhibit.
[
565
]
Visual artist
Paul Chan
created his "A drawing as a recording of an insurrection", a 163-inch (4.1Â m) double-sided drawing
[
566
]
exhibited at the
Greene Naftali Gallery
in New York.
[
567
]
In December 2022,
literary press
Whiskey Tit
released
Tell Me What You See
, the first fiction published about the attack.
[
568
]
At the one-year anniversary, One Six Comics published graphic novel series
1/6
[
569
]
with an accompanying education and action guide by the Western States Center.
[
570
]
The Society of Classical Poets
website posted various poems about the day,
[
571
]
including one glorifying deceased rioter
Ashli Babbitt
.
[
572
]
Biden, Harris, civil rights groups and celebrities immediately criticized the Capitol Police for a perceived "double standard" in the treatment of the protesters and rioters, who were mostly white. Biden stated, "No one can tell me that if it had been a group of Black Lives Matter protesting yesterday they wouldn't have been treated very, very differently than the mob of thugs that stormed the Capitol. We all know that's true and it is unacceptable". Harris stated, "We witnessed two systems of justice when we saw one that let extremists storm the United States Capitol and another that released tear gas on peaceful protestors (
Black Lives Matter
) last summer".
[
573
]
Michelle Obama
wrote, "Yesterday made it painfully clear that certain Americans are, in fact, allowed to denigrate the flag and symbols of our nation. They've just got to look the right way".
[
574
]
[
575
]
Capitol Police chief Steven Sund, who later resigned, explained they had prepared for a peaceful protest but were overwhelmed by an "angry, violent mob".
[
576
]
Later in the year, at a White House ceremony to thank officers who responded to the attack that day, Biden and Harris congratulated the police on their response, calling them "heroes".
[
577
]
[
578
]
International reactions
More than seventy countries and international organizations expressed their concerns over the attack and condemned the violence, with some specifically condemning President
Donald Trump
's own role in inciting the attack.
[
579
]
[
580
]
Foreign leaders, diplomats, politicians, and institutions expressed shock, outrage, and condemnation of the events.
[
581
]
[
582
]
Multiple world leaders made a call for peace, describing the assault as "an attack on democracy".
[
583
]
The leaders of some countries, including
Brazil
,
Poland
, and
Hungary
, declined to condemn the situation, and described it as an internal U.S. affair.
[
584
]
As early as January 2021, a few European security officials described the events as an attempted coup.
[
585
]
14th Amendment disqualification
In late 2022 Trump
announced his candidacy
for the
2024 presidential election
. Some legal scholars argued that Trump should be
barred from presidential office
under
section 3
of the
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
because of his apparent support for the attack.
[
586
]
Three states,
Maine
,
Colorado
, and
Illinois
, issued rulings to disqualify Trump from appearing on election ballots, with Trump appealing in
Trump v. Anderson
. The
Supreme Court
unanimously ruled on March 4, 2024, that states could not remove Trump from the ballot.
[
19
]
Following
Biden's withdrawal from the race
in July, Trump ultimately defeated Kamala Harris the election in November, being
inaugurated
for a
second term
on January 20, 2025, with
JD Vance
as his vice president.
Other public officials involved in the January 6 attack have also faced disqualification under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Otero County
, New Mexico, commissioner
Couy Griffin
was disqualified and removed from office while Congressional representative
Marjorie Taylor Greene
survived a similar challenge.
[
587
]
SarbanesâOxley Act prosecutions
Over 350 defendants, including Trump, were charged with obstructing an official proceeding under the 2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
. Prior to the January 6 prosecutions, such charges had never been brought in cases that did not involve evidence tampering. In
Fischer v. United States
, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6â3 on non-ideological lines in favor of defendant Joseph Fischer and found that the obstruction charges in the case were overbroad, as they did not apply to evidence tampering, although charges against Trump could potentially proceed.
[
588
]
[
589
]
[
590
]
Soon after the ruling, other January 6 criminal cases were reopened to adhere to the
Fischer
ruling and further usage of obstruction charges against January 6 defendants was stopped.
[
588
]
[
591
]
In 2025, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia initiated an internal review of its prosecutions of January 6 defendants under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
[
592
]
[
591
]
2025 pardons and commutations
On January 20, 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump signed executive order granting pardons and commutations to over 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 attack.
On January 20, 2025, on his last day in office, U.S. president Joe Biden granted pardons to all members of the
House Select Committee
that had investigated the January 6 attack, as well as their staff and the officers who testified.
[
593
]
Later that day, on the first day of
his second term
, U.S. president Donald Trump issued a proclamation granting
clemency
to approximately 1,200 individuals convicted for their involvement in the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, and dismissing the cases of the remaining approximately 300 charged individuals. The pardon extended to those charged with vandalism and assaults on law enforcement officers, including members of the
Proud Boys
and the
Oath Keepers
.
[
20
]
Following the pardons, Trump ordered the DOJ to purge previously published press releases about the arrests and convictions of those pardoned.
[
594
]
Soon after, video evidence of the attack likewise began being purged from government databases.
[
595
]
Analysis and terminology
A week following the attack, journalists were searching for an appropriate word to describe the event.
[
596
]
According to the Associated Press, U.S. media outlets first described the developments on January 6 as "a rally or protest", but as the events of the day escalated and further reporting and images emerged, the descriptions shifted to "an assault, a riot, an insurrection, domestic terrorism or even a
coup
attempt".
[
597
]
It was variably observed that the media outlets were settling on the terms "riot" and "insurrection".
[
597
]
[
598
]
According to
NPR
, "By definition, 'insurrection', and its derivative, 'insurgency', are accurate. 'Riot' and 'mob' are equally correct. While these words are not interchangeable, they are all suitable when describing Jan. 6."
[
599
]
The New York Times
assessed the event as having brought the United States "hours away from a full-blown constitutional crisis".
[
600
]
Brian Stelter
in
CNN Business
wrote that the events of the Capitol attack "will be remembered as an act of domestic terrorism against the United States".
[
601
]
The attack was widely described as an attempted
coup d'Ă©tat
[
602
]
[
603
]
[
604
]
or
self-coup
.
[
605
]
[
606
]
[
607
]
Federal judge
David Carter
described Trump's actions as "a coup in search of a legal theory".
[
608
]
Naunihal Singh
of the U.S.
Naval War College
, and author of
Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups
, wrote that the attack on the Capitol was "an insurrection, a violent uprising against the government" and "sedition", but not a coup because Trump did not order the military "to seize power on his behalf".
[
609
]
[
610
]
The Coup D'Ă©tat Project of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the
University of Illinois
, which tracks coups and coup attempts globally, classified the attack as an "attempted dissident coup", defined as an unsuccessful coup attempt "initiated by a small group of discontents" such as "ex-military leaders, religious leaders, former government leaders, members of a legislature/parliament, and civilians [but not police or the military]". The Cline Center said the "organized, illegal attempt to intervene in the presidential transition" by displacing Congress met this definition.
[
611
]
[
612
]
Some political scientists identified the attack as an attempted
self-coup
, in which the
head of government
attempts to strong-arm the other branches of government to entrench power.
[
613
]
Academic
Fiona Hill
, a former member of Trump's
National Security Council
, described the attack, and Trump's actions in the months leading up to it, as an attempted self-coup.
[
614
]
The FBI classified the attack as domestic terrorism.
[
615
]
[
616
]
At the Senate Judiciary Committee meeting on March 2, 2021, Wray testified:
I was appalled, like you, at the violence and destruction that we saw that day. I was appalled that you, our country's elected leaders, were victimized right here in these very halls. That attack, that siege was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism. It's got no place in our democracy and tolerating it would make a mockery of our nation's rule of law.
[
617
]
[
618
]
The
Congressional Research Service
also concluded that the attack met the federal definition of domestic terrorism.
[
619
]
[
620
]
Republican senator
Ted Cruz
characterized it as terrorism at least eighteen times over the ensuing year, though he was among the Senate Republicans who blocked a bipartisan
January 6 commission
to investigate it.
[
621
]
[
622
]
On January 4, 2021, Steve Bannon, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on January 6 at The Ellipse, described it as a "bloodless coup".
[
82
]
[
83
]
A March 2023 poll found that 20.5 percent of respondents believed that violence to achieve a political goal is sometimes justified. Nearly 12 percent expressed their willingness to use force to restore Trump to power.
[
623
]
A June 2023 poll found that about 12
Â
million American adults, or 4.4 percent of the adult population, believed violence is justified in returning Trump to the White House.
[
624
]
Historians' perspectives
A commemorative plaque
[
625
]
honoring those who protected the US Capitol on January 6 sat for years out of sight in the Capitol basement, surrounded by maintenance equipment.
[
626
]
A 2022 law mandating the plaque stated it must be placed "at a permanent location on the western front".
[
626
]
In March 2026, more than five years after the attack, it was placed on a wall inside the Capitol, in an area closed to all tours and accessible by visitors only if they are escorted.
[
626
]
While there have been other instances of violence at the Capitol in the 19th and 20th centuries, this event was the most severe assault on the building since the 1814
burning of Washington
by
British
forces during the
War of 1812
. The last attempt on the life of the vice president was a bomb plot against
Thomas Marshall
in July 1915.
[
627
]
For the first time in U.S. history, a Confederate battle flag was flown inside the Capitol. The
Confederate States Army
had never reached the Capitol, nor come closer than 6 miles (10Â km) from the Capitol at the
Battle of Fort Stevens
, during the
American Civil War
.
[
411
]
[
v
]
Douglas Brinkley
, a historian at
Rice University
,
[
630
]
remarked on how January 6 would be remembered in
American history
: "Now every Jan. 6, we're going to have to remember what happened... I worry if we lose the date that it will lose some of its wallop over time". He also wrote about Trump's responsibility during the attack: "There are always going to be puzzle pieces added to what occurred on January 6, because the president of the United States was sitting there watching this on television in the White House, as we all know, allowing it to go on and on".
[
631
]
On the first anniversary of the attack, historians
Doris Kearns Goodwin
and
Jon Meacham
warned that the U.S. remained at "a crucial turning point". Meacham commented, "What you saw a year ago today was the worst instincts of both human nature and American politics and it's either a step on the way to the abyss or it is a call to arms figuratively for citizens to engage".
[
632
]
Robert Paxton
considered the attack to be evidence that Trump's movement was an example of
fascism
, a characterization that Paxton had resisted up to that point. Paxton compared the event to the French
6 February 1934 crisis
.
[
633
]
Richard J. Evans
said that it was not a coup, but that it did represent a danger to democracy in the U.S.
[
634
]
Other scholars expressed concern about how history would portray the attack and its aftermath.
[
635
]
Larry Sabato
, director of the University of Virginia's Center for Politics, stated that reframing the insurrection as a "sightseeing tour" by the GOP has given "the far-right extremists, the neo-Nazi white supremacists who are obsessed with January 6, the counter reality they've been looking for of a bunch of patriots taking a tour in the Capitol".
[
636
]
A
memorial plaque
honoring Capitol police officers who were injured that day was installed at 4 a.m. on Saturday morning March 7, 2026.
[
637
]
[
638
]
See also
1983 United States Senate bombing
 â Terror attack in Washington, DC, US
Brooks Brothers riot
 â 2000 U.S. political demonstration
Democratic backsliding in the United States
Demonstrations in support of Donald Trump
Enough
â A memoir by Cassidy Hutchinson
Newburgh Conspiracy
 â 1783 planned military coup in the U.S.
Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election
Protests against Donald Trump's presidential inauguration
Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election
Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud
Right-wing terrorism
 â Form of terrorism motivated by right-wing or far-right beliefs
United Airlines Flight 93
â A hijacked plane intended to be flown into the U.S. Capitol
Wilmington massacre
â 1898. A municipal-level coup d'Ă©tat took place in Wilmington, NC that has been described as "America's Only Coup D'Ătat" & "The Lost History of an American Coup D'Ătat"
Notes
^
See
Casualties and suicides
section for a full set of details.
^
1 dead from a stroke
,
[
27
]
[
28
]
[
29
]
4 officers died by suicides
within seven months of the attack
[
30
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
32
]
[
33
]
[
17
]
[
18
]
^
The coroner listed the manner of Sicknick's death as "natural", defined as a term "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural." The coroner also stated that "All that transpired played a role in his condition". The coroner said there was no "evidence of internal or external injuries".
^
Pelosi offered a committee makeup of seven Democrats and six Republicans; however House Minority Leader
Kevin McCarthy
refused to appoint any Republicans unless they included some who had voted to overturn Electoral College results.
^
Multiple notes:
Amy Kremer
of
Women for Trump
had been granted a permit the day prior.
Other organizations taking part in the event included: Black Conservatives Fund, Eighty Percent Coalition, Moms For America, Peaceably Gather, Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, Rule of Law Defense Fund, Stop The Steal,
Turning Point Action
,
Tea Party Patriots
, Women For America First, and Wildprotest.com.
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
84
]
[
85
]
[
86
]
[
87
]
^
In 2019,
Kara Swisher
speculated Trump might encourage supporters to "rise up in armed insurrection to keep him in office".
^
A week later, he retired.
[
163
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
43
]
[
11
]
[
230
]
[
231
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
257
]
[
258
]
[
259
]
[
260
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
247
]
[
268
]
[
269
]
[
270
]
[
271
]
^
Before the demonstrators entered the building, activist
Jacob Chansley
called out for them to pause and join him in prayer.
[
364
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
404
]
[
365
]
[
21
]
[
405
]
^
The group is more radical than other
patriot movement
groups who attended the rally. "NSC members consider themselves soldiers fighting a war against a hostile, Jewish-controlled system that is deliberately plotting the
extinction of the white race.
" states the
ADL
.
[
408
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
11
]
[
410
]
[
412
]
[
413
]
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
417
]
[
418
]
[
419
]
[
420
]
[
421
]
^
Witnesses reported seeing the national flags of Cuba, Romania, India, Israel,
South Vietnam
, Australia, Japan, Iran, Georgia, South Korea, Tonga, Mexico, Canada, and the United States (including an upside-down version); a
U.S. Marines flag
; the flag of the fictional country of "
Kekistan
"; Trump campaign flags such as "Release the
Kraken
", Second Amendment and America First flags; Pine tree, III Percenters and
VDARE
flags; altered versions of confederate, Gadsden, state, national and
Gay Pride
flags; as well as old American and Army flags such as the Betsy Ross flag, Irish Brigade flags, and others.
[
426
]
[
427
]
^
Some media reports have described Babbitt as "unarmed" at the time of the shooting;
[
456
]
[
457
]
however, according to a January 11, 2021, crime scene examination report by the D.C. Department of Forensic Sciences, the police "recovered a 'Para Force' folding knife in Ms. Babbitt's pants pocket" after she was shot.
[
458
]
[
459
]
[
460
]
^
Only sporadic instances of injured rioters have been publicly recorded;
[
476
]
injuries in general (such as a total number) among this group have not.
^
Attributed to multiple sources.
[
510
]
[
511
]
[
512
]
[
513
]
[
514
]
[
515
]
[
516
]
[
517
]
[
518
]
[
519
]
^
However, from 1894 to 2020, the
flag of Mississippi
contained a Confederate battle flag in its design and had been displayed in the Capitol building.
[
628
]
The flag was carried during the attack by
Kevin Seefried
, who traveled from his home in Delaware to hear Trump speak, bringing the flag he had displayed outside his house. Seefried and his son, who helped clear a broken window for them to gain access into the Capitol, were indicted by a grand jury.
[
629
]
References
^
Doherty, Erin; GonzĂĄlez, Oriana (January 6, 2022).
"In photos: An hour-by-hour record of the Jan. 6 Capitol riot"
.
Axios
.
Archived
from the original on January 6, 2022
. Retrieved
January 7,
2022
.
^
a
b
Barry, Dan; McIntire, Mike; Rosenberg, Matthew (January 9, 2021).
"
'Our President Wants Us Here': The Mob That Stormed the Capitol"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on January 9, 2021
. Retrieved
January 10,
2021
.
^
a
b
Reeves, Jay; Mascaro, Lisa; Woodward, Calvin (January 11, 2021).
"Capitol assault a more sinister attack than first appeared"
.
Associated Press
.
Archived
from the original on January 12, 2021
. Retrieved
January 12,
2021
.
^
Luke, Timothy W
(February 21, 2021).
"Democracy under threat after 2020 national elections in the USA: 'stop the steal' or 'give more to the grifter-in-chief?'
"
.
Educational Philosophy and Theory
.
55
(5):
551â
557.
doi
:
10.1080/00131857.2021.1889327
.
President Trump inciting thousands of his supporters to march on the Capitol 'to stop the steal'. The resulting assault on the Capitol left one dead, scores injured, and the sad spectacle of Trump's supporters defiling the House chambers, vandalizing the Capitol building itself, and leaving the nation to deal with a tragic result
^
Multiple sources:
Chapman, Steve (January 11, 2021).
"The Capitol riot shows the growing danger of right-wing extremism"
.
Chicago Tribune
.
Archived
from the original on January 12, 2021
. Retrieved
January 19,
2021
.
Hesson, Ted; Parker, Ned; Cooke, Kristina; Harte, Julia (January 8, 2021).
"U.S. Capitol siege emboldens motley crew of extremists"
.
Reuters
.
Archived
from the original on January 19, 2021
. Retrieved
January 19,
2021
.
Williams, Katie Bo; Peniston, Bradley (January 6, 2021).
"Right-Wing Extremists Storm US Capitol"
.
defenseone.com
.
Archived
from the original on January 18, 2021
. Retrieved
January 19,
2021
.
Pilkington, Ed (January 24, 2021).
"Donald Trump is gone but his big lie is a rallying call for rightwing extremists"
.
The Guardian
.
Archived
from the original on June 11, 2022
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
^
Savage, Charlie; Goldman, Adam; MacFarquhar, Neil (January 20, 2021).
"
'This Kettle Is Set to Boil': New Evidence Points to Riot Conspiracy"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on January 21, 2021
. Retrieved
January 24,
2021
.
^
a
b
Carless, Will (January 4, 2021).
"Nation's capital braces for violence as extremist groups converge to protest Trump's election loss"
.
USA Today
.
Archived
from the original on January 5, 2021
. Retrieved
January 7,
2021
.
^
Lee, ArLuther (January 15, 2021).
"Evidence suggests Pence was in grave danger during Capitol riot"
.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
.
Archived
from the original on January 18, 2021
. Retrieved
January 16,
2021
.
^
a
b
c
Gooding, Mike (July 25, 2023).
"Jan. 6 Capitol riot: Law enforcement didn't share critical information, report says"
.
WVEC
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As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.
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What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.
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FBI Director Christopher Wray bluntly labeled the January riot at the U.S. Capitol as 'domestic terrorism' Tuesday and warned of a rapidly growing threat of homegrown violent extremism that law enforcement is scrambling to confront through thousands of investigations.
^
Rebecca Beitsch (March 2, 2021).
"Wray: FBI deemed Jan. 6 attack domestic terrorism"
.
The Hill
.
That attack, that siege, was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism
Â
...
^
Cohen, Zachary; Polantz, Katelyn; Carrega, Christina (March 2, 2021).
"FBI Director Wray knocks down conspiracy theory that January 6 rioters were 'fake Trump protesters'
"
. CNN
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January 6,
2023
.
^
"Watch Live: FBI chief Wray testifies on agency oversight of Jan. 6 Capitol attack"
(video). PBS NewsHour. March 2, 2021. Testimony given at 24:51
. Retrieved
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2023
â via YouTube.
^
Lisa N. Sacco (January 13, 2021).
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. Congressional Research Service.
Archived
from the original on January 26, 2021
. Retrieved
July 21,
2021
.
^
Ken Dilanian (February 5, 2021).
"Biden may have trouble cracking down on domestic terrorism because of free speech and the FBI"
. NBC News.
Archived
from the original on March 1, 2021
. Retrieved
July 21,
2021
.
The attack on the Capitol fits the legal definition of domestic terrorism, the Congressional Research Service and others have concluded.
^
Dale, Daniel (January 7, 2022).
"
'Sloppy' wording this week? Ted Cruz actually called the Capitol assault a terrorist attack at least 17 previous times"
. CNN.
^
Stevenson, Peter W.; Blanco, Adrian; Santamariña, Daniela (May 21, 2021).
"Which senators supported a Jan. 6 Capitol riot commission"
.
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May 29,
2021
.
^
Mockaitis, Tom (March 17, 2023).
"Contemporary America is modeling the worst of Depression-era Germany"
.
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January 3,
2024
.
^
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"12m Americans believe violence is justified to restore Trump to power"
.
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.
^
"January 6 Plaque"
.
aoc.gov
. Architect of the Capitol. March 2026.
Archived
from the original on March 11, 2026.
^
a
b
c
George, Olivia (March 11, 2026).
"Police say Jan. 6 plaque is unlawfully hidden from public at U.S. Capitol"
.
The Washington Post
.
^
Multiple sources:
Holpuch, Amanda (January 6, 2021).
"US Capitol's last breach was more than 200 years ago"
.
The Guardian
.
Archived
from the original on January 11, 2021
. Retrieved
January 24,
2021
.
For the first time on Wednesday, it was the site of an armed insurrection incited by the sitting president.
Â
... Not since 1814 has the building been breached. Then, it was by British troops who set fire to the building during a broader attack on Washington in the war of 1812.
Puckett, Jason; Spry Jr., Terry (January 6, 2021).
"Has the US Capitol ever been attacked before?"
. Atlanta: WXIA-TV.
Archived
from the original on March 10, 2026
. Retrieved
March 10,
2026
.
While this is the first large-scale occupation of the U.S. Capitol since 1814, there have been several other instances of violence at the U.S. Capitol, particularly in the 20th century.
Fisher, Marc; Flynn, Meagan; Contrera, Jessica; Loennig, Carol D. (January 7, 2021).
"The four-hour insurrection: How a Trump mob halted American democracy"
.
The Washington Post
.
Archived
from the original on January 13, 2021
. Retrieved
January 24,
2021
.
The attack, which some historians called the most severe assault on the Capitol since the British sacked the building in 1814
^
Cassella, Megan (April 21, 2016).
"U.S. Capitol replacing flag display over Confederate imagery"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
August 17,
2021
.
^
Higgins, Tucker (April 8, 2021).
"Man who carried Confederate flag to Capitol during Jan. 6 riot indicted"
.
CNBC
. Retrieved
November 8,
2021
.
^
"Faculty: Douglas Brinkley"
.
Rice University
. Retrieved
January 17,
2022
.
^
O'Dowd, Peter; Hagan, Allison (January 6, 2022).
"
'Dark day on the calendar of American history': Historian explains how Jan. 6 will be remembered"
.
wbur.org
. Retrieved
January 17,
2022
.
^
Greve, Joan E. (January 6, 2022).
"Historians mark 6 January with urgent warning on threats to US democracy"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
June 26,
2022
.
^
Paxton, Robert O. (January 11, 2021).
"I've Hesitated to Call Donald Trump a Fascist. Until Now"
.
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.
Archived
from the original on March 12, 2021.
^
Evans, Richard J.
(January 13, 2021).
"Why Trump isn't a fascist"
.
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2024
.
^
Fisher, Joe (January 5, 2024).
"Scholars concerned over how history will portray Jan. 6"
.
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. Retrieved
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2024
.
^
McGreal, Chris (March 11, 2023).
"Republicans try to reframe January 6 as a sightseeing tour â will it work?"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
January 7,
2024
.
^
Bedigan, Mike (March 7, 2026).
"Plaque honoring Jan 6 cops quietly installed at US Capitol in early hours of morning"
.
The Independent
. Retrieved
March 7,
2026
.
^
Robbert, Allison (March 7, 2026).
"Jan. 6 plaque honoring police officers is now displayed at the Capitol after a 3-year delay"
.
NPR
.
Associated Press
. Retrieved
March 7,
2026
.
External links
English
Wikisource
has original text related to this article:
Capitol riot arrests: See who's been charged across the U.S.
â U.S.-wide tracker database created and updated by
USA Today
"CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"
.
CNN
. September 13, 2022.
Show can be found on
CNN Live TV
"Transcript: CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"
. CNN. September 18, 2022.
Federal government
Final Report
(December 22, 2022) of the
United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
(845 pages)
Supporting Material
from the January 6 Select Committee
Capitol Breach Cases
Archived
November 4, 2021, at the
Wayback Machine
â list of defendants charged in federal court in the District of Columbia related to the January 6 attack (list maintained by the
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
)
"Examining the U.S. Capitol Attack: A Review of the Security, Planning, and Response Failures on January 6: Staff Report"
. United States Senate; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; Committee on Rules and Administration. June 8, 2021.
SuDoc
Class Number Y 4.G 74/9:C 17.
Archived
from the original on July 11, 2021.
FBI Seeking Information Related to Violent Activity at the U.S Capitol Building
â
FBI
"Senate Impeachment Trial: January 6 Video Montage"
(video).
C-SPAN
. February 9, 2021. Event occurs at 13:24.
Archived
from the original on February 10, 2021 â via YouTube.
House Impeachment Manager Rep.
Jamie Raskin
presents a video montage of the January 6, 2021, Attack on the U.S. Capitol during his opening statement during the
Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump
.
See also:
Elliott, Philip (February 10, 2021).
"This Video of Jan. 6's Insurrection Should Be Mandatory"
.
Time
.
Archived
from the original on February 10, 2021.
H. Res. 24 â Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors
(article of impeachment adopted by the House on January 13, 2021)
H.Res.31 â Condemning and censuring Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama
(censure resolution introduced on January 11, 2021, by Representative
Tom Malinowski
, with two cosponsors)
The full text of
Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)
at Wikisource
Video
Jan. 6, 2021: A visual archive of the Capitol attack
NPR
What Parler Saw During the Attack on the Capitol
(video archive from
ProPublica
)
Democracy on Trial
PBS
Lies, Politics and Democracy
PBS
Plot to Overturn the Election
PBS
Michael Flynn's Holy War
PBS
American Insurrection
PBS
United States of Conspiracy
PBS
Trump's American Carnage
PBS
Pelosi's Power
PBS
America's Great Divide
PBS
"American Reckoning â A PBS NewsHour Special Report"
.
PBS NewsHour
. January 15, 2021 â via YouTube.
"The January 6th Report | NBC News Now Special"
.
NBC News
. January 6, 2023 â via YouTube.
"CNN Coverage of the January 6 Insurrection"
. CNN Collection. January 9, 2023 â via YouTube.
Sullivan, Margaret (May 2, 2021).
"The politicians who tried to overturn an election â and the local news team that won't let anyone forget it"
.
The Washington Post
.
FBI U.S. Capitol Violence
Archived
November 4, 2021, at the
Wayback Machine
(Filter by keywords)
Timeline
Leatherby, Lauren; Singhvi, Anjali (January 15, 2021).
"Critical Moments in the Capitol Siege"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on January 16, 2021.
(Detailed timeline)
Bennett, Dalton; Brown, Emma; Cahlan, Sarah; Lee, Joyce Sohyun; Kelly, Meg; Samuels, Elyse; Swaine, Jon (January 16, 2021).
"41 minutes of fear: A video timeline from inside the Capitol siege"
.
The Washington Post
.
Archived
from the original on January 18, 2021.
(Video timeline)
US Capitol stormed
, collected news and commentary.
BBC News Online
.
"Jan. 6 insurrection: The Washington Post's investigation of the causes, cost and aftermath"
.
The Washington Post
. October 31, 2021.
Video (18:49): "Inside Trump's Election Plot"
on
YouTube
(
MSNBC News
; July 29, 2022)
"Donald Trump Is Not Above The Law"
.
The New York Times
. August 26, 2022. |
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack)
- [1 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Background)
Toggle Background subsection
- [1\.1 Attempts to overturn the presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Attempts_to_overturn_the_presidential_election)
- [1\.2 Planning of January 6 events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Planning_of_January_6_events)
- [1\.2.1 Seditious conspiracy by Oath Keepers and Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Seditious_conspiracy_by_Oath_Keepers_and_Proud_Boys)
- [1\.3 Predictions of violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Predictions_of_violence)
- [1\.4 Law enforcement and National Guard preparations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Law_enforcement_and_National_Guard_preparations)
- [2 Trump supporters gather in D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Trump_supporters_gather_in_D.C.)
Toggle Trump supporters gather in D.C. subsection
- [2\.1 January 5 meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#January_5_meetings)
- [2\.2 Bombs placed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Bombs_placed)
- [2\.3 January 6 Trump rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#January_6_Trump_rally)
- [2\.3.1 Trump's speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Trump's_speech)
- [3 Attack on the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Attack_on_the_Capitol)
Toggle Attack on the Capitol subsection
- [3\.1 Proud Boys march to Capitol as mob assembles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Proud_Boys_march_to_Capitol_as_mob_assembles)
- [3\.2 Bombs discovered near Capitol Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Bombs_discovered_near_Capitol_Complex)
- [3\.3 Attack begins near Peace Monument, led by Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Attack_begins_near_Peace_Monument,_led_by_Proud_Boys)
- [3\.4 Attackers on west terrace breach Senate Wing hallway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Attackers_on_west_terrace_breach_Senate_Wing_hallway)
- [3\.5 Evacuation of leadership amid Capitol lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Evacuation_of_leadership_amid_Capitol_lockdown)
- [3\.6 Oath Keepers arrive and breach Rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Oath_Keepers_arrive_and_breach_Rotunda)
- [3\.7 Ashli Babbitt killed by police while attempting to breach Speaker's Lobby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Ashli_Babbitt_killed_by_police_while_attempting_to_breach_Speaker's_Lobby)
- [3\.8 Attack on the tunnel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Attack_on_the_tunnel)
- [3\.9 Police clear the Capitol and Congress reconvenes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Police_clear_the_Capitol_and_Congress_reconvenes)
- [4 Federal officials' conduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Federal_officials'_conduct)
Toggle Federal officials' conduct subsection
- [4\.1 Trump's conduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Trump's_conduct)
- [4\.1.1 Inflammatory speech while knowing of weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Inflammatory_speech_while_knowing_of_weapons)
- [4\.1.2 Allegation of assaulting a Secret Service driver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Allegation_of_assaulting_a_Secret_Service_driver)
- [4\.1.3 Endangering Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Endangering_Mike_Pence)
- [4\.1.4 Failure to end the attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Failure_to_end_the_attack)
- [4\.2 Capitol Police leadership's failure to prepare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Capitol_Police_leadership's_failure_to_prepare)
- [4\.3 Department of Defense leadership's refusal to send Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Department_of_Defense_leadership's_refusal_to_send_Guard)
- [4\.4 Congressional conduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Congressional_conduct)
- [4\.5 Deletion of Secret Service and Homeland Security text messages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Deletion_of_Secret_Service_and_Homeland_Security_text_messages)
- [5 Participants, groups, and criminal charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Participants,_groups,_and_criminal_charges)
Toggle Participants, groups, and criminal charges subsection
- [5\.1 Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Proud_Boys)
- [5\.2 Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Oath_Keepers)
- [5\.3 QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#QAnon)
- [5\.4 White supremacists, neo-Nazis, and neo-Confederates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#White_supremacists,_neo-Nazis,_and_neo-Confederates)
- [5\.5 Others](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Others)
- [5\.6 Police and military connections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Police_and_military_connections)
- [5\.7 Analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Analysis)
- [6 Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Results)
Toggle Results subsection
- [6\.1 Casualties and suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Casualties_and_suicides)
- [6\.2 Damage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Damage)
- [6\.3 Laptop theft and cybersecurity concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Laptop_theft_and_cybersecurity_concerns)
- [7 Aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Aftermath)
Toggle Aftermath subsection
- [7\.1 Political, legal, and social repercussions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Political,_legal,_and_social_repercussions)
- [7\.2 Domestic reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Domestic_reactions)
- [7\.3 International reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#International_reactions)
- [7\.4 14th Amendment disqualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#14th_Amendment_disqualification)
- [7\.5 SarbanesâOxley Act prosecutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act_prosecutions)
- [7\.6 2025 pardons and commutations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#2025_pardons_and_commutations)
- [8 Analysis and terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Analysis_and_terminology)
Toggle Analysis and terminology subsection
- [8\.1 Historians' perspectives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Historians'_perspectives)
- [9 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#See_also)
- [10 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Notes)
- [11 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#References)
- [12 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#External_links)
Toggle External links subsection
- [12\.1 Federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Federal_government)
- [12\.2 Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Video)
- [12\.3 Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Timeline)
Toggle the table of contents
# January 6 United States Capitol attack
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- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestorming_van_die_Verenigde_State_Kongresgebou_in_2021 "Bestorming van die Verenigde State Kongresgebou in 2021 â Afrikaans")
- [ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ©](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_2021 "ۧÙŰȘŰۧÙ
ÙۧۚÙŰȘÙÙ Ű§ÙÙÙۧÙۧŰȘ ۧÙÙ
ŰȘŰŰŻŰ© 2021 â Arabic")
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- [àŠŹàŠŸàŠàŠČàŠŸ](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE "৚৊৚১ àŠŻà§àŠà§àŠ€àŠ°àŠŸàŠ·à§àŠà§àŠ°à§àŠ° àŠà§àŠŻàŠŸàŠȘàŠżàŠàŠČৠàŠčàŠŸàŠźàŠČàŠŸ â Bangla")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napad_na_Kapitol_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava_2021. "Napad na Kapitol Sjedinjenih AmeriÄkih DrĆŸava 2021. â Bosnian")
- [CatalĂ ](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assalt_al_Capitoli_dels_Estats_Units_de_2021 "Assalt al Capitoli dels Estats Units de 2021 â Catalan")
- [Ú©Ù۱ۯÛ](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE_\(%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A1\) "ÚŸÛ۱ێک۱ۯÙÛ ŰłÛ۱ Ú©ÛÙگ۱ÛŰłÛ ŰŠÛÙ
۱Ûکۧ ÙÛÙۧÛÛÙ ÙۧÛÛÙگ۱ۧÙÛ ŰŻÛÙۧڔۯ ŰȘ۱ۧÙ
ÙŸ (ÙąÙ ÙąÙĄ) â Central Kurdish")
- [ÄeĆĄtina](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atok_na_Kapitol_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch_\(2021\) "Ătok na Kapitol SpojenĂœch stĂĄtĆŻ americkĂœch (2021) â Czech")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_cyrch_ar_Gapitol_yr_Unol_Daleithiau_\(2021\) "Y cyrch ar Gapitol yr Unol Daleithiau (2021) â Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormen_p%C3%A5_United_States_Capitol_2021 "Stormen pĂ„ United States Capitol 2021 â Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm_auf_das_Kapitol_in_Washington_2021 "Sturm auf das Kapitol in Washington 2021 â German")
- [ÎλληΜÎčÎșÎŹ](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_\(2021\) "ÎÎčαΎηλÏÏΔÎčÏ ÎșαÎč ΔÎčÏÎČολΟ ÏÏÎż ÎΌΔÏÎčÎșαΜÎčÎșÏ ÎαÏÎčÏÏλÎčÎż (2021) â Greek")
- [EmiliĂ n e rumagnĂČl](https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A0lt_a_%27l_Campd%C3%B2j_di_Stat_Un%C3%AE_dal_2021 "AsĂ lt a 'l CampdĂČj di Stat UnĂź dal 2021 â Emiliano-Romagnolo")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atako_kontra%C5%AD_la_Kapitolo_de_Usono "Atako kontraĆ la Kapitolo de Usono â Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalto_al_Capitolio_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_2021 "Asalto al Capitolio de los Estados Unidos de 2021 â Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021._aasta_r%C3%BCnnak_Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Kapitooliumile "2021. aasta rĂŒnnak Ameerika Ăhendriikide Kapitooliumile â Estonian")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEBko_Kapitolioko_istiluak_\(2021\) "AEBko Kapitolioko istiluak (2021) â Basque")
- [Ùۧ۱۳Û](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%DB%B6_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7 "ŰÙ
ÙÙ Û¶ ÚۧÙÙÛÙ ŰšÙ ŰłŰ§ŰźŰȘÙ
Ű§Ù Ú©ÙÚŻŰ±Ù Ű§ÛۧÙۧŰȘ Ù
ŰȘŰŰŻÙ ŰąÙ
۱Ûکۧ â Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_kongressitalon_valtaus_2021 "Yhdysvaltain kongressitalon valtaus 2021 â Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assaut_du_Capitole_par_des_partisans_de_Donald_Trump "Assaut du Capitole par des partisans de Donald Trump â French")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestoarming_fan_it_Amerikaanske_Kapitoal_\(2021\) "Bestoarming fan it Amerikaanske Kapitoal (2021) â Western Frisian")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruathar_ar_an_gCaipeat%C3%B3l_\(2021\) "Ruathar ar an gCaipeatĂłl (2021) â Irish")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalto_ao_Capitolio_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica_de_2021 "Asalto ao Capitolio dos Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica de 2021 â Galician")
- [Gaelg](https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiagh_er_Ard-whaiyl_ny_Steatyn_Unnaneysit,_2021 "Soiagh er Ard-whaiyl ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, 2021 â Manx")
- [ŚąŚŚšŚŚȘ](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C_\(2021\) "ŚŚŚĄŚȘŚąŚšŚŚȘ ŚąŚ ŚŚ§Ś€ŚŚŚŚ (2021) â Hebrew")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juri%C5%A1_na_Kapitol_Sjedinjenih_Dr%C5%BEava "JuriĆĄ na Kapitol Sjedinjenih DrĆŸava â Croatian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_Capitolium%C3%A1nak_ostroma "Az Amerikai EgyesĂŒlt Ăllamok CapitoliumĂĄnak ostroma â Hungarian")
- [ŐŐĄŐ”Ő„ÖŐ„Ő¶](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_\(2021\) "Ô±ŐŐ ÔżŐĄŐșŐ«ŐżŐžŐŹŐ«ŐžÖŐŽŐ« ŐŸÖŐĄ Ő°ŐĄÖŐ±ŐĄŐŻŐžÖŐŽ (2021) â Armenian")
- [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assalto_al_Capitolio_del_Statos_Unite_in_2021 "Assalto al Capitolio del Statos Unite in 2021 â Interlingua")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyerbuan_Gedung_Kapitol_2021 "Penyerbuan Gedung Kapitol 2021 â Indonesian")
- [Ăslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81r%C3%A1sin_%C3%A1_Bandar%C3%ADkja%C3%BEing_2021 "ĂrĂĄsin ĂĄ BandarĂkjaĂŸing 2021 â Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assalto_al_Campidoglio_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_2021 "Assalto al Campidoglio degli Stati Uniti d'America del 2021 â Italian")
- [æ„æŹèȘ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%A0%82%E8%A5%B2%E6%92%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 "2021ćčŽăąăĄăȘă«ćèĄćœè°äŒè°äșć è„Čæäș件 â Japanese")
- [á„áá ááŁáá](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_\(2021\) "áášáš-áᥠáááááąááááŁáášá ášááá á (2021) â Georgian")
- [GÄ©kĆ©yĆ©](https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6,_Ithar%C4%A9k%C4%A9ra_r%C4%A9a_Capitol_\(Amerika\) "January 6, ItharÄ©kÄ©ra rÄ©a Capitol (Amerika) â Kikuyu")
- [ÒĐ°Đ·Đ°ÒŃĐ°](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_\(2021\) "ĐÒĐš ĐапОŃĐŸĐ»ĐžĐčŃĐœĐ” ŃабŃŃĐ» (2021) â Kazakh")
- [íê”ìŽ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%B9_%EC%8A%B5%EA%B2%A9 "2021ë
ëŻžê” ê”íììŹëč ì”êČ© â Korean")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Kapitol_Amerika_Syarikat_2021 "Serangan Kapitol Amerika Syarikat 2021 â Malay")
- [ááŒááșááŹááŹááŹ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%82%E1%81%81_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8 "áááá áĄáá±áááááșááŒááșáá±áŹááșá
ᯠááŹááźáááșááș áĄáá±áŹááșáĄáĄáŻá¶ááᯠá
áźážáááșážááŒááșáž â Burmese")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestorming_van_het_Amerikaanse_Capitool_in_2021 "Bestorming van het Amerikaanse Capitool in 2021 â Dutch")
- [Norsk bokmĂ„l](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormingen_av_den_amerikanske_kongressen_2021 "Stormingen av den amerikanske kongressen 2021 â Norwegian BokmĂ„l")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atak_na_Kapitol_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych "Atak na Kapitol StanĂłw Zjednoczonych â Polish")
- [ÙŸÚŰȘÙ](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BC%DB%8D_%D8%AF_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1_%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF "ŰŻ Ù
ŰȘŰŰŻÙ Ű§ÛۧÙۧŰȘÙ ÙŸÙ Ú©Ű§Ùګ۱۳ Ù
Ű§ÚŒÛ ŰŻ ÛČÛ°ÛČÛ± ŰČ Ú©Ű§Ù ŰšŰ±ÛŰŻ â Pashto")
- [PortuguĂȘs](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataque_ao_Capit%C3%B3lio_dos_Estados_Unidos_em_2021 "Ataque ao CapitĂłlio dos Estados Unidos em 2021 â Portuguese")
- [RomĂąnÄ](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaltul_Capitoliului_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii_2021 "Asaltul Capitoliului Statelor Unite ale Americii 2021 â Romanian")
- [Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_\(2021\) "ĐĐ°Ń
ĐČĐ°Ń ĐапОŃĐŸĐ»ĐžŃ ĐĄĐšĐ (2021) â Russian")
- [Srpskohrvatski / ŃŃĐżŃĐșĐŸŃ
ŃĐČĐ°ŃŃĐșĐž](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upad_u_Kapitol_Sjedinjenih_Dr%C5%BEava_6._januara_2021. "Upad u Kapitol Sjedinjenih DrĆŸava 6. januara 2021. â Serbo-Croatian")
- [áááž](https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B6%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%95%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%81%B6%E1%82%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5_2021 "ááœááșáá¶ááșááá°áŒáșááá
áŒáș áá°ááșáááąááșá á¶á
ááșáááźááááááș ááá°ááșážáá°ááșáááŻááș áąáááááááá” 2021 â Shan")
- [à·à·à¶à·à¶œ](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_6_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA "à¶ąà¶±à·à·à¶»à· 6 à¶à¶à·à·à¶à· à¶ąà¶±à¶Žà¶Żà¶șà· à¶à·à¶Žà·à¶§à¶œà· ඎà·âරà·à·à¶»à¶ș â Sinhala")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack â Simple English")
- [SlovenĆĄÄina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napad_na_Kapitol_\(2021\) "Napad na Kapitol (2021) â Slovenian")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABsymja_e_Kapitolit_t%C3%AB_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara_\(2021\) "MĂ«symja e Kapitolit tĂ« Shteteve tĂ« Bashkuara (2021) â Albanian")
- [ĐĄŃĐżŃĐșĐž / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_2021. "ĐŃŃĐžŃ ĐœĐ° ĐапОŃĐŸĐ» ĐĄŃДЎОŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ
ĐĐŒĐ”ŃĐžŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐŃжаĐČĐ° 2021. â Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormningen_av_Kapitolium_2021 "Stormningen av Kapitolium 2021 â Swedish")
- [ĆlĆŻnski](https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angrif_na_Kapitol_Stan%C5%8Dw_Zjednocz%C5%8Dnych "Angrif na Kapitol StanĆw ZjednoczĆnych â Silesian")
- [àčàžàžą](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2564 "àžàžČàžŁàžàžžàžàčàžàčàžČàžàžČàžàžČàžŁàžŁàž±àžàžȘàž àžČàžȘàž«àžŁàž±àž àž.àžš. 2564 â Thai")
- [Toki pona](https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_li_utala_e_tomo_lawa_pi_ma_Mewika_lon_tenpo_sike_2021 "jan li utala e tomo lawa pi ma Mewika lon tenpo sike 2021 â Toki Pona")
- [TĂŒrkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Kongre_Binas%C4%B1_bask%C4%B1n%C4%B1 "2021 Amerika BirleĆik Devletleri Kongre Binası baskını â Turkish")
- [ĐŁĐșŃĐ°ŃĐœŃŃĐșĐ°](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_6_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8F_2021 "ĐšŃŃŃĐŒ ĐĐ°ĐżŃŃĐŸĐ»ŃŃ ĐĄĐšĐ 6 ŃŃŃĐœŃ 2021 â Ukrainian")
- [Tiáșżng Viá»t](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1o_lo%E1%BA%A1n_t%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Capitol_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_2021 "BáșĄo loáșĄn táșĄi Äiá»n Capitol Hoa Kỳ 2021 â Vietnamese")
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[Coordinates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system"): [38°53âČ23âłN 77°00âČ33âłWï»ż / ï»ż38\.88972°N 77.00917°Wï»ż / 38\.88972; -77.00917](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack¶ms=38_53_23_N_77_00_33_W_type:event_region:US-DC)
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2021 attack to stop election certification
"United States Capitol attack" redirects here. For other attacks that have happened, see [Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_violent_incidents_at_the_United_States_Capitol "Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol").
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|  | This article **may be [too long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size "Wikipedia:Article size") to read and navigate comfortably**. Consider [splitting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting "Wikipedia:Splitting") content into sub-articles, [condensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style "Wikipedia:Summary style") it, or adding [subheadings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections "Help:Section"). Please discuss this issue on the article's [talk page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Talk:January 6 United States Capitol attack"). *(October 2025)* |
| January 6 United States Capitol attack | |
|---|---|
| Part of the [attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), [American militia movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement"), [political violence in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_the_United_States "Political violence in the United States"), and [domestic terrorism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States") | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_\(50820534063\)_\(retouched\).jpg) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_attacker_Edward_Francisco_Rodriguez_assaults_police_with_bear_spray_\(cropped\).png) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attackers_assault_law_enforcement_during_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack.png)Crowd outside the Capitol during the attack (top); [bear spray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_spray "Bear spray") deployed against a line of policemen (bottom left); attackers breach a police line (bottom right) | |
| Date | January 6, 2021; 5 years ago (2021-01-06) c. 12:53 p.m. â 5:40 p.m.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-1) ([UTCâ05:00](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00 "UTCâ05:00")) |
| Location | [The Capitol Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol"), Washington, D.C., United States [38°53âČ23âłN 77°00âČ33âłWï»ż / ï»ż38\.88972°N 77.00917°Wï»ż / 38\.88972; -77.00917](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack¶ms=38_53_23_N_77_00_33_W_type:event_region:US-DC) |
| Caused by | [False claims of 2020 presidential election fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") made by [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") and his allies[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYTrioteranalysis-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2021-01-11-ap-sinister-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-4) Denial of the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_U.S._presidential_election "2020 U.S. presidential election") results[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYTrioteranalysis-2) [Far-right extremism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right_\(United_States\) "Radical right (United States)")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-5) [conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy "Conspiracy"),[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-agitation01-7) [intimidation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidation "Intimidation"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-8) [Incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement_of_insurrection "Incitement of insurrection"), [attacking a legislature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_legislatures "List of attacks on legislatures") |
| Goals | Disrupt and delay the [Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") Pressure Congress and Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") to overturn the election of [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in favor of Trump |
| Resulted in | Attack mostly unsuccessful Insurrection suppressed Fatalities and injuries among the attackers and law enforcement[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-9) Assaults on at least 174 police officers[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) Delay of [counting electoral votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") by hours[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-11) Extensive physical damage;[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14) offices and chambers vandalized and ransacked; property stolen;[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15) more than \$30 million for repairs and security measures[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16) [Second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump")[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-17) [Third indictment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)")[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-annotated-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Wilner-19) Unsuccessful attempts to [declare Trump ineligible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") for Colorado, Maine, and Illinois ballots[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politicoMarch4-20) [Trump pardons or commutes the sentences of all rioters in 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants")[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21) |
| Parties | |
| | |
| [Pro-Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"), [far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right "Far-right") [militias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militias "Militias") and movements [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") Factions of the [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") movement [White supremacists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy_in_the_United_States "White supremacy in the United States"), [neo-Fascists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-fascism "Neo-fascism"), [neo-Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism "Neo-Nazism"), and [neo-Confederates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confederates "Neo-Confederates") Various far-right movements **([Full list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Participants,_groups,_and_criminal_charges))**[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22) | [United States federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government "United States federal government"), D.C. and state governments [U.S. Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") [D.C. Metropolitan Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") [Montgomery County Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County_Police_Department "Montgomery County Police Department")[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-23)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-24) [Metro Transit Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Transit_Police_Department "Metro Transit Police Department")[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-25) [Prince George's County Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County_Police_Department "Prince George's County Police Department")[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-26) [Supreme Court Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_Police_Department "Supreme Court of the United States Police Department") [Virginia State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Police "Virginia State Police") [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") [Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security "Department of Homeland Security") [U.S. Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service "United States Secret Service") [Virginia Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_National_Guard "Virginia National Guard") [Maryland State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_State_Police "Maryland State Police") [Maryland Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_National_Guard "Maryland National Guard") [New Jersey State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Police "New Jersey State Police") [D.C. Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._National_Guard "D.C. National Guard") |
| Lead figures | |
| President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio") [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") [Stewart Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes "Stewart Rhodes") Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") Speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") | |
| Casualties and criminal charges | |
| Deaths | **On January 6**[1 rioter killed by gunshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") 1 rioter died from drug overdose 2 rallygoers died from natural causes[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-factchecknov-27)**Following January 6**1 police officer died of a stroke 4 police officers died by suicide[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-32) |
| Injuries | Unknown number of rioters At least 174 police officers,[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) including at least 15 hospitalized[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AJCTwoSuspended-33) |
| [Charged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge "Criminal charge") | 1,500 or more, including Trump[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-36) (*see also*: [Criminal charges relating to the attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") and [2025 pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants")) |
| [January 6 United States Capitol attack]() |
|---|
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") âą [Planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") |
| Background |
| [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") and other causes Previous claims of election fraud by President Trump [in 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Trump's_2012_accusations_of_electoral_fraud "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Uncertainty_over_accepting_the_election_results "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Republican reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Michigan State Capitol storming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_30_storming_of_the_Michigan_State_Capitol "April 30 storming of the Michigan State Capitol") [2020â21 presidential election protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020â21 United States election protests") [2021 Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") [Attempts to overturn the presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [Trump fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesebro_memos "Chesebro memos") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [Democratic backsliding in the US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Social media use by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") |
| Related groups and persons [Ali Alexander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Alexander "Ali Alexander") [Ray Epps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Epps_\(military_veteran\) "Ray Epps (military veteran)") [Nick Fuentes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Fuentes "Nick Fuentes") [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani") [Jericho March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho_March "Jericho March") [Alex Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones "Alex Jones") [Sedition Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Caucus "Sedition Caucus") [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") |
| Participants |
| Notable people [Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") [Richard Barnett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Barnett_\(Capitol_rioter\) "Richard Barnett (Capitol rioter)") [Jacob "QAnon Shaman" Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley") [Derrick Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Evans_\(politician\) "Derrick Evans (politician)") [Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_Alaska_\(influencer\) "Baked Alaska (influencer)") [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams") [Simone Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Gold "Simone Gold") [Klete Keller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klete_Keller "Klete Keller") [Ethan Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") [Rick Saccone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Saccone "Rick Saccone") [Jon Schaffer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Schaffer "Jon Schaffer") [John Earle Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Earle_Sullivan "John Earle Sullivan") |
| Organizations [Boogaloo movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement "Boogaloo movement") [Groypers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groypers "Groypers") [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") [NSC-131](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131 "Nationalist Social Club-131") |
| [Law enforcement response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") [Harry Dunn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dunn_\(police_officer\) "Harry Dunn (police officer)") [Aquilino Gonell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilino_Gonell "Aquilino Gonell") [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman "Eugene Goodman") [Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick") [Howard Liebengood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Howard_Liebengood "Death of Howard Liebengood") [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") [Department of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense "United States Department of Defense") [Michael C. Stenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Stenger "Michael C. Stenger") [Paul D. Irving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Irving "Paul D. Irving") [Christopher C. Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller "Christopher C. Miller") [Ryan D. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") [Walter E. Piatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Piatt "Walter E. Piatt") [Charles A. Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Flynn "Charles A. Flynn") [Daniel Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hokanson "Daniel Hokanson") [William J. Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Walker "William J. Walker") [D.C. National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_National_Guard "District of Columbia National Guard") DC [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") [Robert Contee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Contee "Robert Contee") [Michael Fanone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fanone "Michael Fanone") [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") [Jeffrey L. Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_L._Smith "Death of Jeffrey L. Smith") Virginia [Ralph Northam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Northam "Ralph Northam") |
| [Aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") |
| [Biden inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Inauguration of Joe Biden") [2021 inauguration week protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [Security preparations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden") |
| Investigations and charges [Justice Department investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Justice_Department_investigation_into_attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_presidential_election "United States Justice Department investigation into attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election") [Criminal proceedings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cases_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "List of cases of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") *[Fischer v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_v._United_States_\(2024\) "Fischer v. United States (2024)")* [January 6 commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") [House Select Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") [public hearings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [federal prosecution of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Trump's pardon of defendants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") |
| Corporate actions [List of companies that halted political contributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_that_halted_U.S._political_contributions_in_January_2021 "List of companies that halted U.S. political contributions in January 2021") [Social media suspensions of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump#2021 "Social media use by Donald Trump") [permanent suspension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump#Permanent_suspension "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Suspensions of other social media accounts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Corporate_suspensions_of_other_accounts_and_programs "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [shutdown of Parler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parler#Shutdown_by_service_providers "Parler") [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") |
| Reactions [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Antifa culpability conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa_\(United_States\)#Capitol_attack_\(2021\) "Antifa (United States)") [International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") |
| Impeachment and [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [Second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") *[Trump v. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson "Trump v. Anderson")* |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_sidebar "Template:January 6 United States Capitol attack sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_sidebar "Template talk:January 6 United States Capitol attack sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:January 6 United States Capitol attack sidebar") |
| | |
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| | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\)_\(3x4_close_cropped\).jpg) | This article is part of a series about[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") |
| Life and business [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") [bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump "Family of Donald Trump") [Age and health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") [Eponyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Indictments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Handshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes") [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") [Views and ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") ["Make America Great Again"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") [Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_movement "MAGA movement") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Nicknames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of endorsements by Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") ["Trump always chickens out"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") ["Trump derangement syndrome"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") 45th and 47th President of the United States Presidencies [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") Transitions [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") Inaugurations [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") Tenure First 100 days [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_executive_orders_\(disambiguation\) "Trump executive orders (disambiguation)") [proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Opinion polling on the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [TikTok controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy "Donald TrumpâTikTok controversy") [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") Domestic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") Economic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") tariffs [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") Environment [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the second Trump administration") Foreign [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") Immigration [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") Social [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Social policy of the second Trump administration") cannabis [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") Space [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Political appointments of the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Cabinet of Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Executive Office appointments by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [U.S. Attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Presidential campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* tape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") [Spygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spygate_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Spygate (conspiracy theory)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016â2022)") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [GOP reactions to election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [TrumpâRaffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "TrumpâRaffensperger phone call") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") assassination attempts [PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks") [photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Routh "Ryan Routh") Impeachments [Efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [First impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [TrumpâUkraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "TrumpâUkraine scandal") [House inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [Capitol attack]() [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") Prosecutions [2020 election federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Classified documents federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Plasmic Echo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)")* [New York indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy DanielsâDonald Trump scandal") [Karen McDougal affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump "Karen McDougal") [financial fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Georgia election indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Georgia election investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation "2020 Georgia election investigation") [mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies "Trump administration political interference with science agencies") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump's signature")  | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Template:Donald Trump series") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump_series "Template talk:Donald Trump series") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump series") | |
On January 6, 2021, the [United States Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol") in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), was attacked by a mob[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReferenceA-37)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-38) of supporters of President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") in an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup"),[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Multiple_Sources-39) two months after his defeat in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"). They sought to keep him in power by preventing a [joint session of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress "Joint session of the United States Congress") from [counting the Electoral College votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") to formalize the victory of then [president-elect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States "President-elect of the United States") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"). The attack was unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan [House select committee that investigated the incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack"), the attack was the culmination of [a plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack#7PartPlan "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") by Trump to [overturn the election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election").[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-40)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-41) Within 36 hours, five people died: [one was shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") by the [Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police"), another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes, including [a police officer who died](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick") of a stroke a day after being assaulted by rioters and collapsing at the Capitol.[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-42)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-transpired-43) Many people were injured, including 174 police officers.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) Four officers who responded to the attack [died by suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Suicides "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") within seven months.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31) Damage caused by attackers exceeded \$2.7 million.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-44) It is the only attempted [coup d'Ă©tat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat") directed towards the Federal government in the history of the United States.
Called to action by Trump on January 5 and 6, thousands of his supporters had gathered in Washington, D.C., to support [his false claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") that the 2020 election had been "stolen by emboldened radical-left [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)")",[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-45) and to demand that thenâvice president [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") and [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") reject Biden's victory.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-46) Starting at noon on January 6, at a "Save America" rally on [the Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse"),[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47) Trump gave a speech in which he repeated false claims of election irregularities[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-48) and said "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore". As Congress began the electoral vote count, thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters. Among the rioters were leaders of the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") and the [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") [militia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia "Militia") groups.
The [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") estimates 2,000â2,500 people entered the Capitol during the attack.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR1-49)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo2-50)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51) Some vandalized and looted,[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-52)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-53) including in the offices of [House speaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives") [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") and other Congress members.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-54) Rioters assaulted Capitol Police officers[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AP_BlockCommission-55) and journalists.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shammas-2021-56) Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Complex. Rioters occupied the empty [Senate chamber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber "United States Senate chamber"), while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor. [Pipe bombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_bomb "Pipe bomb") were found at the [Democratic National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") and [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") headquarters, and [Molotov cocktails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov_cocktail "Molotov cocktail") were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol. Trump resisted sending the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._National_Guard "D.C. National Guard") to quell the mob. That afternoon, in a [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter") video, he restated false claims about the election and told his supporters to "go home in peace".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Durkee-58) The Capitol was cleared of rioters by mid-evening, and the electoral vote count was resumed and completed by the morning of January 7, concluding with Pence declaring the final electoral vote count in favor of President-elect Biden. Pressured by [his cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump"), the threat of removal, and [resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resignation "Resignation"), Trump conceded to an [orderly transition of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orderly_transition_of_power "Orderly transition of power") in a televised statement.
A week after the attack, the House of Representatives [impeached Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for [incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition "Sedition"), making him the only U.S. president to be [impeached](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States "Impeachment in the United States") twice. After Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57â43 in favor of conviction, but fell short of the required two-thirds, resulting in his acquittal. Senate [Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") blocked a bill to create a bipartisan [independent commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") to investigate the attack, so the House instead approved a select [investigation committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6th_Committee "January 6th Committee").[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-59)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-60)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-61) They held [public hearings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack"),[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR_Transcript-62)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HouseEvent114977-63) voted to [subpoena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subpoena "Subpoena") Trump, and recommended that the [Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") (DOJ) prosecute him. Following [a special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation"), Trump was [indicted on four charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"), all dismissed following [his reelection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") to [the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"). Trump and elected Republican officials have promoted a [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spreading [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory"), and portraying those charged with crimes as hostages and martyrs.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-64)
Of the 1,424 people then charged with federal crimes relating to the event,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) 1,010 pled guilty,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) and 1,060 were sentenced, 64% of them to jail time.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) Some participants were linked to [far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right "Far-right") extremist groups or [conspiratorial movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics "Conspiracy theories in United States politics"), including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters"),[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-UMD_article-66) some of whom were convicted of [seditious conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_conspiracy "Seditious conspiracy").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPRTracker-67) [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio"), then chairman of the Proud Boys, received the longest sentence, a 22-year prison term.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kunzelman-68) On January 20, 2025, upon taking office, [Trump granted clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), including those convicted of violent offenses but excluding himself.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21)
## Background
For a chronological guide, see [Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack").
### Attempts to overturn the presidential election
Main article: [Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election")
Joe Biden, of the Democratic Party, defeated incumbent Republican Party president Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-69) Trump and other Republicans [attempted to overturn the election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), falsely claiming widespread [voter fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_fraud "Electoral fraud").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_tweet_-_I_won_this_election.png)
Trump's tweet shortly after polls had closed
Within hours after the polls closing, while votes were still being tabulated, Trump declared victory, demanding counting be halted.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-71) He began a campaign to subvert the election, through [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election") and extralegal effort. Trump's attorneys concluded there was neither a factual foundation nor valid legal argument for challenging the election results.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rutenberg-72) Despite those analyses, Trump sought to overturn the results by filing sixty lawsuits, including two that came before the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"). Those challenges were all rejected by the courts, for lack of evidence or [legal standing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_\(law\) "Standing (law)").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)
Trump then mounted a campaign to pressure Republican governors, secretaries of state, and state legislatures to nullify results by replacing slates of Biden electors with slates pledged to Trump, or by manufacturing evidence of fraud; Trump's role in the [plot to use fake electors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") led to prosecutions [in Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") and [in federal court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"). He demanded lawmakers investigate ostensible election "irregularities", such as by conducting signature matches of [mailed-in ballots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_voting "Postal voting"), disregarding any prior analytic efforts. Trump made inquiries regarding the possibility of invoking [martial law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law "Martial law") to "re-run" or reverse the election[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-73) and appointed a [special counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_counsel "Special counsel") to find instances of fraud, despite conclusions by federal and state officials that such cases were few or non-existent. Trump ultimately undertook neither step.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70) Trump repeatedly urged Pence to alter the results and stop Biden from taking office despite none of those actions being within Pence's constitutional powers as vice president and [president of the Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate"). Trump repeated this call in his rally speech on the morning of January 6.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)
Numerous scholars, historians, political scientists, and journalists have characterized these efforts to overturn the election as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup") by Trump and an implementation of the "[big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie "Big lie")".[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Multiple_Sources-39)
### Planning of January 6 events
On December 18, Trump called for supporters to attend a rally before the January 6 Congressional vote count, writing on Twitter, "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-agitation01-7)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-75) On December 28, far-right activist [Ali Alexander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Alexander "Ali Alexander") described collaboration with the Proud Boys and explained the purpose of the January 6 event would be "to build momentum and pressure" to convince members of Congress to alter the election results.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-76) He named three Republican members of the House as allies who were planning "something big": [Paul Gosar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gosar "Paul Gosar"), [Andy Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Biggs "Andy Biggs") and [Mo Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Brooks "Mo Brooks").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-77) "We're the four guys who came up with a January 6 event", Alexander said.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-78)
On December 23, [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone")'s group [Stop the Steal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") posted plans to "occupy just outside" the Capitol with promises to "escalate" if opposed by police.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-planned_openly-79) Stone recorded a video for his "Stop The Steal Security Project" to raise funds "for the staging, the transportation and most importantly the security" of the event.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-80) The event was largely funded by Trump donor [Julie Fancelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fancelli "Julie Fancelli"), heiress to the [Publix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publix "Publix") supermarket fortune, who budgeted \$3 million for and spent at least \$650,000.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-81) Fancelli's funding, via conspiracy theorist [Alex Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones "Alex Jones"), was used to reserve the Ellipse. With Fancelli's funding, a [robocall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robocall "Robocall") campaign urged people to "march to the Capitol building and call on Congress to stop the steal".[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-82) Jones claimed the White House asked him to lead the march to the Capitol.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-83)
On January 2, Trump announced plans to speak at the "March to Save America" rally on January 6\.[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-84)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-85)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-86)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-tanfani-87) On January 4, [Steve Bannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bannon "Steve Bannon") said he was part of "the bloodless coup".[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_7/15/2022-88)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Peltz_10/29/2021-89)
#### Seditious conspiracy by Oath Keepers and Proud Boys
Main article: [Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
On November 5, two days after the election, leaders of the Oath Keepers began communicating about a "civil war". On November 9, the leaders held a members-only online conference in which leader Stewart Rhodes outlined a plan to stop the transfer of power, including preparations for using force. The Oath Keepers planned to store "an arsenal" with a "Quick Reaction Force" (QRF) in nearby Alexandria, Virginia. The leaders planned to procure boat transportation so bridge closures could not prevent their entry into D.C.[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-94)
On December 12, about 200 Proud Boys joined a march near [Freedom Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Plaza "Freedom Plaza") and the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_\(Washington,_D.C.\)#Trump_International_Hotel_Washington,_D.C. "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") dressed in combat fatigues and ballistic vests.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-95) In scuffles between protesters and counter-protesters, four people were stabbed and at least 23 arrested.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Khalil-96) Three days later, Proud Boy members were being photographed wearing apparel featuring the antisemitic, Neo-Nazi slogan "6MWE" (6 million wasn't enough),[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Snopes6MWE-97) referring to the number of Jewish [Holocaust victims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_victims "Holocaust victims"). The slogan was accompanied by an Eagle and [fasces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasces "Fasces") symbol used by the [Italian Fascists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic "Italian Social Republic").[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Snopes6MWE-97) The image, which spread on Twitter, prompted the [Anti-Defamation League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League "Anti-Defamation League") to declare that the "Proud Boys' Bigotry is on Full Display".[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-98)
On December 19, Oath Keepers leader [Kelly Meggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Meggs "Kelly Meggs") called Proud Boys leader [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio").[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-99) One Proud Boy leader posted a message saying, "I am assuming most of the protest will be at the capital \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] building given what's going on inside".[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-100) The Proud Boys leadership encouraged members to attend the January 6 event. Leaders used a crowdfunding website to raise money and purchase paramilitary equipment such as concealed tactical vests and radio equipment in preparation for the attack. Chapter leadership spent the days prior to, and morning of January 6, planning the attack.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-102) On December 29, leaders announced plans to be "incognito" on January 6, by not wearing their traditional black and yellow garb.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-103) On December 30, the leadership received a document titled "[1776 Returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_Returns "1776 Returns")", which called for the occupation of "crucial buildings" on January 6 and argued for supporters to "Storm the [Winter Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Palace "Winter Palace")" in a reference to an attack on the Capitol.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Carless-104) On January 3 and 4, Proud Boys leadership explicitly discussed "storming" the Capitol.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
On January 3, Rhodes departed home, having spent \$6,000 on a rifle and other firearms equipment in Texas, and \$4,500 in Mississippi, en route to D.C. On January 5, leaders began unloading weapons for the "QRF". Leaders drove into D.C. on a "reconnaissance mission".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90) On January 4, Tarrio was arrested by D.C. police in connection with a prior destruction-of-property charge. Fearing the police would access Tarrio's messaging apps, leadership deleted the group chat and created a new one. Tarrio was released on January 5 and ordered to leave the city. Rather than immediately comply, he traveled to a parking garage to meet with Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-105)
The night of January 5, Proud Boys leaders divided members into teams, passed out radios, and programmed them to specific channels in preparation. Orders were issued to assemble at 10 a.m. at the [Washington Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monument "Washington Monument"). Leadership warned members to avoid police and blend in with the public.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-106) On January 6, about 100 plainclothes members assembled at the Washington Monument and were led to the Capitol to participate in the attack.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
### Predictions of violence
Main article: [Predictions of violence ahead of the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictions_of_violence_ahead_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Predictions of violence ahead of the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
The weeks preceding January 6 were filled with predictions of violence by Trump supporters. The attack was later said to be "planned in plain sight", with postings on social media even planning for violence on January 6.
Commentators had long feared that Trump might provoke violence after an electoral loss.[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-107)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108) For weeks before January 6, there were over one million mentions of storming the Capitol on social media, including calls for violence against Congress, Pence, and the police.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Lytvyenko210106-109)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-frenkeljan6-110)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-planned_openly-79) On December 28, a map was posted showing entrances and exits to the Capitol and tunnels that connect it to House and Senate office buildings. Black X's represented forces that would be "ready for action" if Congress tried to certify the election.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcnews.com-111) On January 1, the operator of a website about the tunnels noticed a traffic spike, prompting him to notify the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") of a likely attack.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-112)
From December 29 to January 5, the FBI and its field offices warned of armed protests at every state capitol and reported plans by Trump supporters that included violence.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-113) On December 30, one popular comment was posted, saying, "I'm thinking it will be literal war on that day. Where we'll storm offices and physically remove and even kill all the D.C. traitors and reclaim the country".[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108) That comment was highlighted in a January 2 article by *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* which reported protesters were discussing bringing guns, breaking into federal buildings, and attacking law enforcement.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-114) In the days leading up to the attack, organizations, including ones that monitor [online extremism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization "Online youth radicalization"), issued warnings about the event.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-115)
On January 5, the media published stories about widespread predictions of violence, and D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") called for residents to avoid the downtown area where protesters would march.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-116) Two D.C. food and lodging establishments with a history of being patronized by the Proud Boys announced temporary closures, citing safety concerns.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-DCist2020-117) Members of Congress reached out to law enforcement charged with protecting the Capitol against violence and were assured Capitol Police were prepared.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Three days before the Capitol attack, the [Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") intelligence unit circulated a memo warning that Trump supporters see the day of the Electoral College vote count "as the last opportunity to overturn the results of the presidential election" and could use violence against "Congress itself" on that date.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-119)
### Law enforcement and National Guard preparations
Main article: [Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Preparations for January 6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Preparations_for_January_6 "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_C._Miller_official_portrait_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ryan_McCarthy-Acting_Secretary_of_the_Army_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mag._Gen._William_J._Walker,_commander,_District_of_Columbia_National_Guard.png)
The Chain of Command to the [D.C. National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._National_Guard "D.C. National Guard") at the time of the attack; from [Commander-in-Chief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander-in-Chief "Commander-in-Chief") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") to the recently appointed [Acting-Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Secretary_of_Defense "US Secretary of Defense") [Christopher C. Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller "Christopher C. Miller"), to [Acting-Secretary of the Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army "United States Secretary of the Army") [Ryan D. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") to [General William Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Walker "William J. Walker") the commander of the [District of Columbia National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_National_Guard "District of Columbia National Guard").
On November 9, Trump fired [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") and replaced him with [Christopher C. Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller "Christopher C. Miller").[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-120) In response, [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency") (CIA) director [Gina Haspel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina_Haspel "Gina Haspel") told Chairman of the [Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Joint Chiefs of Staff") [Mark Milley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley "Mark Milley") "we are on the way to a right-wing coup".[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-121) On December 18, Miller unilaterally terminated the Department of Defense's transition to the [incoming administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"), falsely claiming it was a mutually-agreed pause for the holidays.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-122)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-123)
On January 2, Republican senator [Mitt Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney "Mitt Romney") â who himself had lost the [2012 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election") against [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama"), and conceded in an orderly manner â contacted Senate majority leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell"), predicting reinforcements would be denied, "... a senior official at the Pentagon... reports that they are seeing very disturbing social media traffic regarding the protests planned on the 6th. There are calls to burn down your home, Mitch; to smuggle guns into DC, and to storm the Capitol. I hope that sufficient security plans are in place, but I am concerned that the instigatorâthe Presidentâis the one who commands the reinforcements the DC and Capitol police might require".[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-124)
On January 3, all ten living former defense secretaries released an open letter in which they expressed concerns about a potential coup to overturn the election, mentioning Christopher Miller by name.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-125) That day, Trump ordered Miller to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-protect_demonstrators-126) The next day, Miller signed [a memo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Miller_memo_of_Jan_4_2021.jpg "File:Christopher Miller memo of Jan 4 2021.jpg") severely limiting the ability of the D.C. National Guard to deploy without his permission. Since his appointment in 2018, D.C. National Guard commanding major general [William J. Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Walker "William J. Walker") had standing orders to respond to civil disturbances in the district, but on January 5, Walker received new orders from Secretary of the Army [Ryan McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") forbidding him to respond to a civil disturbance without explicit prior approval from McCarthy and Miller.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127) Previously, he had authority to respond without seeking permission.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PentRest-128) After the attack, Walker described the order as "unusual", noting "It required me to seek authorization from the secretary of the Army and the secretary of defense to essentially protect my guardsmen".[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127)
On January 4, D.C. mayor Bowser announced that the [Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") (MPD) would lead law enforcement in the district, and would coordinate with the Capitol Police, the [U.S. Park Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Park_Police "U.S. Park Police"), and the [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service "U.S. Secret Service").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MyreWhereWere2021-129) Jurisdictionally, the Metropolitan Police Department is responsible for city streets of the National Mall and Capitol area, whereas the Park Police are responsible for the Ellipse, the Secret Service is responsible for the vicinity of the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House"), and the Capitol Police is responsible for the Capitol complex itself.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MyreWhereWere2021-129) During a meeting with a representative of the Capitol Police, the Mayor asked, "\[W\]here does your perimeter start?" At that point, the individual left the room, and stopped participating in the conference. The mayor later recalled, "\[T\]hat should have been like a trigger to me. Like these people, they don't want to answer questions about their preparation".[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
On January 6, under "orders from leadership", the Capitol Police deployed without "less lethal" arms such as [sting grenades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade#Sting "Grenade"). The Capitol Police armory was not properly maintained; riot shields had been improperly stored at the wrong temperature, rendering them ineffective, while ammunition stores were expired.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-slams-131)
## Trump supporters gather in D.C.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_T_Flynn.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roger_Stone_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
On January 5, [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn") (*left*) and [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone") (*right*) spoke at a Trump rally near the Capitol. Both had received presidential pardons in the past month.\[*[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
On January 5, events related to overturning the election occurred on or near the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") in Washington, D.C., at places such as Freedom Plaza, the North Inner Gravel Walkway between 13th and 14th Streets, Area 9 across from the [Russell Senate Office Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building "Russell Senate Office Building"), and near the [United States Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court "United States Supreme Court").[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-133) On the night of January 5 and into the morning of January 6, at least ten people were arrested, several on weapons charges.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-134)
On January 5, [Ray Epps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Epps_\(military_veteran\) "Ray Epps (military veteran)"), an individual with a history in the Arizona Oath Keepers, was filmed during two street gatherings urging people to go into the Capitol the next day, "peacefully", he said at one of the gatherings.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Putterman-135)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-136) Epps was filmed on January 6 telling people to "go to the Capitol".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Putterman-135) Epps had texted his nephew that he was "orchestrating" the flow into the Capitol building.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-137) Epps later claimed that he had been boasting about "directing" people towards the Capitol.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-138)
From 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. on January 5, a series of Trump rallies were held at Freedom Plaza.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132) Notable speakers included Alex Jones, [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn"), [George Papadopoulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Papadopoulos "George Papadopoulos"), and Roger Stone.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-139)
Flynn and Stone had received presidential pardons in prior weeks. On December 8, Trump pardoned retired US Army lieutenant general Michael Flynn, who had pleaded guilty to "willfully and knowingly" [making false statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making_false_statements "Making false statements") to the FBI about communications with the Russian ambassador. Flynn, a prominent [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") proponent, participated in the D.C. events on January 5, while his brother, U.S. Army general [Charles Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Flynn "Charles A. Flynn"), would participate in a conference call on January 6 when he would refuse permission to deploy the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_\(United_States\) "National Guard (United States)") after the breach of the Capitol.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-140) On December 23, Trump pardoned Roger Stone, who had been found guilty at trial of [witness tampering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_tampering "Witness tampering"), making false statements to Congress, and obstruction. Stone, who had longtime ties to the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, employed Oath Keepers as security on January 5.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-141) Stone's Oath-Keeper driver, [Roberto Minuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Minuta "Roberto Minuta"), was later convicted of seditious conspiracy for his role in plotting and executing the following day's attack.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-142)
### January 5 meetings
In the evening of January 5, Trump's closest allies, including Michael Flynn, [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), Alabama senator [Tommy Tuberville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville "Tommy Tuberville"), and Trump's sons [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") and [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump"), met at the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_\(Washington,_D.C.\) "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") in Washington, D.C.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-144) Tuberville has since said that he did not attend the meeting,[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-145) despite having been photographed in the hotel's lobby.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-146) According to [Charles Herbster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Herbster "Charles Herbster"), who said he attended the meeting himself, attendees included Tuberville, Adam Piper, and [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"). Daniel Beck wrote that "Fifteen of us spent the evening with Donald Trump Jr., [Kimberly Guilfoyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Guilfoyle "Kimberly Guilfoyle"), Tommy Tuberville, [Mike Lindell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lindell "Mike Lindell"), Peter Navarro, and [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani")".[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-147) Herbster claimed to be standing "in the private residence of the President at Trump International with the following patriots who are joining me in a battle for justice and truth". He added [David Bossie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bossie "David Bossie") to the list of attendees.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)
### Bombs placed
| External image |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Searchtool.svg) [FBI images of bomb suspect](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/seeking-info/suspected-pipe-bombs-in-washington-dc) |
[FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") compilation of bombs being placed[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-148)
At 7:40 p.m. on January 5, someone was filmed carrying a bag through a neighborhood on South Capitol Street. At 7:52 p.m., the person was recorded sitting on a bench outside the DNC; the next day, a pipe bomb was discovered there, under a bush. In the footage, the suspect appears to zip a bag, stand and walk away. At 8:14, the suspect was filmed in an alley near the RNC, where a second pipe bomb was found the following day.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-149) Both bombs were placed within a few blocks of the Capitol.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-150)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-151) Nearing the second anniversary of the incident, a reward of \$500,000 was offered.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-152) In December 2025, a suspect in connection with the incident was arrested by the FBI[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-153)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-154) and told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories about the 2020 election.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-155)
### January 6 Trump rally
On January 6, the "Save America" rally (or "March to Save America", promoted as a "Save America March")[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Save_America_March-156) took place on [the Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse") within the National Mall just south of the White House. The permit granted to [Women for America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Kremer#Women_for_Trump,_Women_for_America_First_and_Women_Vote_Smart "Amy Kremer") scheduled a first amendment rally "March for Trump", with speeches running from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., with an additional hour for the conclusion of the rally and dispersal of participants.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rudy_Giuliani_\(49279860108\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_C._Eastman_2013.jpg)
Speakers at the "Save America" rally included [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani") (*top*) and [John Eastman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eastman "John Eastman").
Trump supporters gathered on the Ellipse to hear speeches from Trump, Rudy Giuliani, and others, such as [Chapman University School of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_University_School_of_Law "Chapman University School of Law") professor [John Eastman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eastman "John Eastman"), who spoke, at least in part, based on [his memorandums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memorandums "Eastman memorandums"), which have been described as an instruction manual for a coup d'Ă©tat.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-157)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-158) In a February court filing, [Jessica Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Marie_Watkins "Jessica Marie Watkins"), a member of the Oath Keepers, claimed she had acted as "security" at the rally in collaboration with the Secret Service. The Secret Service denied this,[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-159) with Watkins later changing her story;[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-160) in 2023, she was sentenced to 8\+1â2 years in prison.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-161)
Mo Brooks was a featured speaker at the rally and spoke around 9 a.m., where he said, "Today is the day American patriots start taking down names and kicking ass". And later, "Are you willing to do what it takes to fight for America? Louder! Will you fight for America?"[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-163)
Representative [Madison Cawthorn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Cawthorn "Madison Cawthorn") said, "This crowd has some fight".[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-164) Women for America First founder Amy Kremer told attendees, "it is up to you and I to save this Republic" and called on them to "keep up the fight".[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-tanfani-87) Trump's sons, Donald Jr. and Eric, along with Eric's wife [Lara Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Trump "Lara Trump"), also spoke, naming and verbally attacking Republican congressmen and senators who were not supporting the effort to challenge the Electoral College vote, and promising to campaign against them in future primary elections.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-165) Donald Jr. said of Republican lawmakers, "If you're gonna be the zero and not the hero, we're coming for you".[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-166)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-167)
Rudy Giuliani repeated conspiracy theories that voting machines used in the election were "crooked" and at 10:50 called for "[trial by combat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_combat "Trial by combat")".[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-168)[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-169) Eastman asserted that balloting machines contained "secret folders" that altered voting results.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-170)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-172) At 10:58, a Proud Boys contingent left the rally and marched toward the Capitol Building.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)
On January 6, the "Wild Protest" was organized by Stop The Steal and took place in Area 8, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-173) On January 6, the "Freedom Rally" was organized by Virginia Freedom Keepers, [Latinos for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinos_for_Trump "Latinos for Trump"), and United Medical Freedom Super PAC at 300 First Street NE, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-174)
#### Trump's speech
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_United_States_Capitol_VOA_1_\(cropped\).jpg)
An image of [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") delivering his rally speech from behind a bulletproof shield was projected onto this screen at the rally
Starting at 11:58, from behind a bulletproof shield, [President Trump gave a speech](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_Save_America_Rally_Speech "s:Donald Trump's Save America Rally Speech"), declaring that he would "never concede" the election, criticizing the media, and calling for Pence to overturn the election results.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-175) His speech contained many falsehoods and misrepresentations that inflamed the crowd.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-176) Trump did not call on his supporters to use violence or enter the Capitol,[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177) but his speech was filled with violent imagery.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178) On social media, Trump was suggesting that his supporters had the power to prevent Biden from taking office.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177) One of his tweets, posted on January 6, 2021, at 5:43 a.m., was "Get smart Republicans. FIGHT".[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABC_News_2021-01-07-179) The same afternoon, Pence released a letter to Congress, in which he said he could not challenge Biden's victory.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-180)
Although the initial plan for the rally called for people to remain at the Ellipse until the counting of electoral slates was complete, the White House said they should march to the Capitol, as Trump repeatedly urged during his speech.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rutenberg-72) Trump called for his supporters to "walk down to the Capitol" to "cheer on our brave senators and congressmen and women and we're probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them". He told the crowd that he would be with them, but he ultimately did not go to the Capitol. As to counting Biden's electoral votes, Trump said, "We can't let that happen" and suggested Biden would be an "illegitimate president".[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178) Referring to the day of the elections, Trump said, "most people would stand there at 9:00 in the evening and say, 'I want to thank you very much,' and they go off to some other life, but I said, 'Something's wrong here. Something's really wrong. \[It\] can't have happened.' And we fight. We fight like Hell and if you don't fight like Hell, you're not going to have a country anymore".[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TrumpsSpeech-181): 01:11:44 He said the protesters would be "going to the Capitol and we're going to try and give \[Republicans\] the kind of pride and boldness that they need to take back our country".[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-182) Trump also said, "you'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength and you have to be strong. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated".[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)
Trump denounced Representative [Liz Cheney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Cheney "Liz Cheney"), saying, "We've got to get rid of the weak Congresspeople, the ones that aren't any good, the Liz Cheneys of the world".[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-183) He called upon his supporters to "fight much harder" against "bad people"; told the crowd that "you are allowed to go by very different rules"; said that his supporters were "not going to take it any longer"; framed the moment as the [last stand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_stand "Last stand"); suggested that Pence and other Republican officials put themselves in danger by accepting Biden's victory; and told the crowd he would march with them to the Capitol (but was prevented from doing so by his security detail).[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-184) In addition to the twenty times he used the term "fight", Trump once used the term "peacefully", saying, "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard".[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)
During Trump's speech, his supporters chanted "Take the Capitol", "Taking the Capitol right now", "Invade the Capitol", "Storm the Capitol" and "Fight for Trump".[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-185)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-186) Before Trump had finished speaking at 1:12 p.m., the Proud Boys had begun their attack on the Capitol and breached the outer perimeter of the Capitol grounds; the two pipe bombs had been discovered nearby.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Among_the_Insurrectionists-187)
## Attack on the Capitol
[Police radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_radio "Police radio") traffic during the attack
Just before the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") attacked the Capitol, [pipe bombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_bombs "Pipe bombs") were discovered nearby.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-188) Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, and other attackers besieged and breached the Capitol. Members of Congress barricaded themselves in the chamber, and one unarmed woman, airforce veteran Ashli Babbitt, was fatally shot by police while attempting to breach a barricade.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-189)
After officials at the Pentagon delayed deployment of the National Guard, citing concerns about optics, D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") requested assistance from Virginia governor [Ralph Northam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Northam "Ralph Northam"). By 3:15, [Virginia State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Police "Virginia State Police") began arriving in D.C.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NorthamRecount-190) After Vice President Pence and Congress were evacuated to secure locations, law enforcement cleared and secured the Capitol.
### Proud Boys march to Capitol as mob assembles
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_attack_map.png)
Map of major events by order; in blue are events generally considered to be prior to the attack, and in red are events that pertain to the attack itself. Highlighted events mark actions led by pro-Trump [paramilitary groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_groups "Paramilitary groups"), with unaffiliated Trump supporters surrounding the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") but concentrated on the west side.
- (1) Beginning at 9 a.m., a rally was held at the [White House Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse").
- (2) [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") assembled at the [Washington Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monument "Washington Monument") at 10 a.m. and departed for the Capitol around 10:30.
- (3) About 12:40 p.m., a bomb was discovered outside the [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee").
- (4) Minutes later, at 12:53 p.m., a crowd of Trump supporters, encouraged by the Proud Boys, breached a barricade on the outer perimeter in the west, gaining entry to Capitol grounds. Similar breaches on the same front would happen within minutes of each other.
- (5) At 1:07 p.m., a second bomb was discovered outside the [DNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee").
- (6) At 2:10 p.m., the Proud Boysâled mob breach the Capitol by breaking through windows on the west terrace with a stolen police riot shield and wooden beams.
- (7) [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") marched up Capitol steps in a stack formation, amidst a crowd of Trump supporters attempting to enter on the east side; at 2:39 p.m., the mob breached the Capitol through a door to the [rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda "United States Capitol rotunda").
At 10:30, over a hundred Proud Boys left the Washington Monument, led by [Ethan Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") and [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs"). By 11:52, the group reached the Capitol and walked around it before doubling back to the west side, which allowed them to assess building defenses and look for weaknesses.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-191)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR_Transcript-62)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-192)
En route, comments from a Proud Boy served as an indicator of a plan to attack the Capitol, according to a documentary filmmaker on scene:
> There's only one moment where that â the sort of facade of marching and protesting might have fallen, which is there was a â one of the Proud Boys called Milkshake and Eddie Block on his livestream catches Milkshake saying, well, let's go storm the Capitol with Nordean â Rufio â one of the leaders of the Proud Boys saying, you could keep that quiet, please, Milkshake. And then we continued on marching.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-193)
Around 12:30, a crowd of about 300 assembled east of the Capitol. Senator [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley "Josh Hawley"), a leader of the group of lawmakers who vowed to challenge the Electoral College vote, greeted these protesters with a [raised fist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_fist "Raised fist") as he passed on his way to Congress's joint session.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-194)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-195) At 12:52, a group of Oath Keepers, wearing black [hoodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodie "Hoodie") with prominent logos, left the rally at the Ellipse and changed into [Army Combat Uniforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Combat_Uniform "Army Combat Uniform"), with helmets, on their way to the Capitol.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)
Shortly before 12:53, Nordean and Biggs marched the group of 200â300 Proud Boys to a barricade on the west side of the Capitol grounds near the [Peace Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Monument "Peace Monument"). Biggs used a megaphone to lead the crowd in chants.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
### Bombs discovered near Capitol Complex
This section is an excerpt from [Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Bombs discovered near Capitol Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Bombs_discovered_near_Capitol_Complex "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack&action=edit)\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_6_pipe_bomb.jpg)
One of two pipe bombs discovered adjacent to the Capitol on January 6
Around 12:45 p.m., a bomb was discovered next to a building containing [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") (RNC) offices by a woman using the shared alleyway to access her apartment building's laundry room.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_3LNen-196) She alerted RNC security, which investigated and summoned law enforcement; U.S. Capitol Police, FBI agents and the [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives") (ATF) all responded to the RNC bomb.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_madison-197)
About thirty minutes later, while officers were still responding at the RNC, they were informed a second pipe bomb had been discovered under a bush at the [Democratic National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") (DNC) headquarters.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Hazardous-198)[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Seattle.Obscured-199) Vice President-elect [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") was inside the DNC headquarters at the time the pipe bomb was discovered.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) Capitol Police began investigating the DNC pipe bomb at 1:07 p.m., and Harris was evacuated at approximately 1:14 p.m.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) The devices were of a similar design â about one foot (30 cm) in length.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Seattle.Obscured-199)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Posts-201) They were rendered safe by [bomb squads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_squad "Bomb squad");[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Hazardous-198) the pipe bomb at the RNC was neutralized at 3:33 p.m. and the pipe bomb at the DNC was neutralized at 4:36 p.m., according to a Capitol Police timeline.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) The bombs were fully functional and constructed of [galvanized steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanized_steel "Galvanized steel") pipes, homemade [black powder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_powder "Black powder"), and kitchen timers.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-203) The FBI stated that the bombs "were viable and could have been detonated, resulting in serious injury or death".[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)
Sund told *The Washington Post* on January 10 that he suspected the pipe bombs were intentionally placed to draw police away from the Capitol;[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_wp-ldhd-hamstrung-204) Representative [Tim Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Ryan_\(Ohio_politician\) "Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)") (D-Ohio) echoed the sentiment in a virtual news conference on January 11, saying, "\[W\]e do believe there was some level of coordination ... because of the pipe bombs ... that immediately drew attention away from the breach that was happening".[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_cspan-ryan-bomb-coord-205)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-bg-justice-150-206) The Inspector General of the Capitol Police later concluded, "If those pipe bombs were intended to be diversion... it worked".[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-207) As the mob of Trump supporters attacked the Capitol, the discovery of the pipe bombs diverted a large number of already-outnumbered law enforcement officers from the Capitol.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) Capitol Police Inspector General Michael Bolton testified before Congress that "the bombs drew three teams to investigate" and left only one squad at the Capitol.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)
On January 7, 2025, Trump claimed that the FBI had identified a suspect.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-208) In February, podcaster [Dan Bongino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bongino "Dan Bongino"), who was about to step into the role of deputy director of the FBI, claimed the attempted pipe bomb had been "an inside job" and that "the F.B.I. knows who this person is".[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-209)[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-210) Ten months later, on December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, Jr. was arrested in Virginia.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-211)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-212) Investigators said there is no evidence that Cole has any connections to the US government, foreign countries, or political organizations. While he reportedly told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories that claimed the [2020 election was rigged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#False_claims_of_fraud "2020 United States presidential election") in Biden's favor, Cole began purchasing components of the bombs in 2019, and the FBI has not ascribed to him any specific motive.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-213)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-214)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-215) Cole told investigators that he "was going to a protest in support of \[then President\] Trump", but when asked why he planted bombs outside of both the RNC and DNC buildings, Cole said "I really don't like either party at this point" and claimed that the planned attack was unrelated to the [certification of the 2020 election results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Certification_and_January_6th "2020 United States presidential election").[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-216) Bongino officially left his FBI position on January 3, 2026,[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-217) and Cole was indicted on January 6,[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-218) after which Cole's lawyers argued for his freedom under Trump's [mass pardon of the rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants").[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-219)
### Attack begins near Peace Monument, led by Proud Boys
| External videos |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg) Reneau, Natalie; Cooper, Stella; Feuer, Alan; Byrd, Aaron (June 17, 2022). ["How the Proud Boys Breached the Capitol on Jan. 6: Rile Up the Normies"](https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000008392796/rile-up-the-normies-how-proud-boys-breached-the-capitol.html). Visual Investigations. *The New York Times*. |
The Proud Boys contingent reached the west perimeter of the Capitol grounds, which was protected only by a sparse line of police in front of a temporary fence. Other Trump supporters arrived, adding to a growing crowd. The Proud Boys coordinated their attacks "from the first moment of violence to multiple breaches of the Capitol while leaving the impression that it was just ordinary protesters leading the charge".[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Proud Boys targeted an access point and riled up the previously peaceful crowd.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) In a "tipping point", a man later identified as [Ryan Samsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Samsel "Ryan Samsel") approached Joe Biggs and talked with him, even embracing him. Samsel told the FBI that Biggs "encouraged him to push at the barricades and that when he hesitated, the Proud Boys leader flashed a gun, questioned his manhood and repeated his demand to move upfront and challenge the police".[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-221) Proud Boy Dominic Pezzola recalled seeing Biggs flash a handgun and goading Samsel, telling him to "defend his manhood" by attacking the police line, but later tried to retract this statement.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-222) Samsel talked to Oath Keeper Ray Epps in the same time frame, with Samsel and Epps stating that Epps was attempting to calm Samsel down and dissuade him from attacking police as Biggs was encouraging him to do. Samsel later changed his story.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-223)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-224) Shortly after speaking to Epps and Biggs, Samsel became the first to violently attack police. Officer [Caroline Edwards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Edwards "Caroline Edwards") described the attack:
> Ms. Edwards described how a Proud Boys leader named [Joseph Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Biggs "Joseph Biggs") encouraged another man to approach the bike rack barricade where she was posted. That man, Ryan Samsel, she said, pushed the bike rack over, causing her to hit her head and lose consciousness. But before she blacked out, Ms. Edwards recalled seeing "a war scene" playing out in front of her. Police officers were bleeding and throwing up, she recalled. "It was carnage", she said. "It was chaos".[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-225)
Video showed Edwards being pushed back behind a bicycle rack as Proud Boys pushed barricades towards her, knocking her off her feet and causing her to hit her head on the steps.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-226)
Bodycam video taken at the [U.S. Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Capitol "U.S. Capitol") on January 6
The Proud Boys led the charge toward the Capitol, to the next police line,[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) repeating the same tactics: identifying access points, riling up protesters, and sometimes joining in the violence. When met with resistance, leaders reassessed, and teams of Proud Boys targeted new entry points.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_article-227)
Around 1pm, hundreds of Trump supporters clashed with a line of officers and pushed through barriers along the Capitol perimeter.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-228) The crowd swept past barriers and officers, with members of the mob spraying officers with [chemical agents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_agent "Chemical agent") or hitting them with lead pipes.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2021-01-11-ap-sinister-3)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-229) Many rioters walked up the external stairways, while some resorted to ropes and makeshift ladders.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-230) Police blocked the entrance to a tunnel at the lower west terrace, where rioters waged a three-hour fight to enter.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-231) To gain access to the Capitol, several rioters scaled the west wall.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-232) Representative [Zoe Lofgren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren "Zoe Lofgren"), aware rioters had reached the Capitol steps, could not reach Capitol police chief [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") by phone. House sergeant-at-arms [Paul D. Irving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Irving "Paul D. Irving") told Lofgren the doors to the Capitol were locked and "nobody can get in".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Telephone logs show Sund had been coordinating additional resources from various agencies. Sund's first call was to the D.C. Metropolitan Police, who arrived within 15 minutes.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hermann210114-233) Sund called Irving and Stenger at 12:58 and asked for an emergency declaration required to call in the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_National_Guard "District of Columbia National Guard"); they told Sund they would "run it up the chain", but approval was withheld for over an hour.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_hamstrung-234)
After his speech concluded at 1:00 p.m. Trump ordered his Secret Service detail to drive him to the Capitol. When they refused, Trump reportedly assaulted his Secret Service driver, lunging for the man's throat.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-235)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_Proud-Boys_lead_tip_of_the_spear_to_breach_Capitol_Building.png)
On January 6, [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") and other [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") led the "tip of the spear" to breach the [Capitol building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol"). The *LA Times* noted that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", attackers ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where two unreinforced windows and two doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
Around 1:12 p.m., reinforcements from the MPD, equipped with crowd control gear, arrived on the lower west terrace.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-237) From 1:25 to 1:28, three different groups of Proud Boys leaders were recorded marching in stack formations away from the newly reinforced police line.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) After about fifteen minutes of observing, the Proud Boys went back on the attack, targeting new access points that were poorly defended.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Ronald Loehrke and other Proud Boys led a contingent to the east side of the Capitol. Proud Boys again used distraction and teamwork to remove barricades, prompting the previously peaceful crowd on the east side to overrun barriers along the police line.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
On the west side, Joe Biggs led a team of Proud Boys that targeted the stairs covered by temporary scaffolding.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Within minutes of Biggs's arrival, a team of Proud Boys approached the entrance to the scaffolding and attacked police.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Proud Boy Daniel "Milkshake" Scott led the charge, and a 20-minute battle for the scaffolding ensued.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
At 1:50 p.m., the on-scene MPD incident commander declared a riot.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hermann210114-233) At 1:58, Capitol Police officers removed a barricade on the northeast side of the Capitol, allowing hundreds of protestors to stream onto the grounds.[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-238)
### Attackers on west terrace breach Senate Wing hallway
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Initial_breach_of_the_Capitol_during_January_6_attack_as_recorded_by_security_camera.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Police_Office_Eugene_Goodman_saves_Senate_by_lightly_shoving_attacker_Doug_Jensen.png)
[Proud Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boy "Proud Boy") leader [Dominic Pezzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Pezzola "Dominic Pezzola") (*top*) using a stolen police [riot shield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_shield "Riot shield") to breach the Capitol at 2:11, allowing attackers including Pezzola, Doug Jensen, [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") and others to stream into the building (*middle*). A lone Capitol Police officer (*bottom*), [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman_\(police_officer\) "Eugene Goodman (police officer)"), realizing he was steps away from the still-unsealed Senate chamber doors, shoved attacker Doug Jensen, leading the mob away from the Senate and towards a line of waiting Capitol Police reinforcements.
Just before 2:00 p.m., attackers reached the doors and windows of the Capitol and attempted to break in. The *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")* observed that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", the first attackers to break through the police line onto the upper west terrace ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where unreinforced windows and doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236) At 2:11, Proud Boy leader Dominic Pezzola used a police riot shield to smash an un-reinforced window on the west side of the Capitol, breaching the building. By 2:13, the Capitol was breached.[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-241) Although most of the Capitol's windows had been reinforced, attackers targeted those that remained as single-pane glass and could be broken easily.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236) Joe Biggs and other Proud Boy leaders had entered the Capitol by 2:14.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101) A [news crew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_crew "News crew") from [ITV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_News "ITV News") followed the rioters into the Capitol, the only broadcaster to do so.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-242)[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-243)
At 2:13, Pence was removed from the Senate chamber by a Secret Service agent, who brought him to an office about 100 feet (30 m) from the landing. Pence's wife [Karen Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Pence "Karen Pence"), daughter [Charlotte Pence Bond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Pence_Bond "Charlotte Pence Bond"), and brother, Representative [Greg Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Pence "Greg Pence"), were in the Capitol.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-244) As Pence and his family were escorted from the Senate chamber to a nearby hideaway, they came within a minute of being visible to rioters on a staircase 100 feet (30 m) away.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-245)
Unaccompanied by other officers, Capitol Police officer [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman "Eugene Goodman") confronted the mob. He has been cited for heroism in baiting and diverting the rioters away from the Senate chamber in the minutes before the chamber could be safely evacuated. As the crowd of rioters reached a landing from which there was an unimpeded path to the chamber, Goodman pushed the lead attacker, Doug Jensen, and then deliberately retreated away from the chamber, enticing the crowd to chase him in another direction.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-246) One media report described his actions as follows:
> In short, he tricked them, willingly becoming the rabbit to their wolf pack, pulling them away from the chambers where armed officers were waiting, avoiding tragedy and saving lives. Lives which include their own.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-247)
Those present, including legislators and members of the press, praised Goodman for his quick thinking and brave actions.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-248)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-QAnon-249) Senator [Ben Sasse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Sasse "Ben Sasse") credited Goodman with having "single-handedly prevented untold bloodshed".[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-QAnon-249)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-250) Goodman's actions were captured in video footage.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-251) The footage of Goodman went [viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video") on the internet, receiving more than 10 million views.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-252)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ProPub-253) A second video of Goodman's confrontation with the crowd was published.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ProPub-253) Goodman was awarded the [Presidential Citizens Medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Citizens_Medal "Presidential Citizens Medal").[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-254)
### Evacuation of leadership amid Capitol lockdown
C-SPAN broadcast of the Senate going into recess after Capitol is breached
Surveillance video of [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") being evacuated from the Capitol
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_presidential_election_US_electoral_college_certificates.jpg)
Congressional staffers removed the Electoral College certificates from the Senate floor as it was evacuated.
At 2:13, the Senate recessed,[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-255) and the doors were locked. A minute later, the rioters reached the doors to the gallery above the chamber.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-256) Banging could be heard from outside as rioters attempted to break through the doors. [Speaker Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") was escorted out of the House chamber.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Reporter_inside_Capitol_describes-257)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-258)
A police officer carrying a [semi-automatic weapon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm "Semi-automatic firearm") appeared on the floor and stood between Senate majority leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") and minority leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer").[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-259) Senator Mitt Romney exasperatedly threw up his hands and criticized fellow Republicans challenging Biden's electoral votes, yelling to them, "This is what you've gotten, guys".[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nyt-insidethecapitol-260) Members of [Senate Parliamentarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate "Parliamentarian of the United States Senate") [Elizabeth MacDonough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_MacDonough "Elizabeth MacDonough")'s staff carried the boxes of Electoral College votes and documentation out of the chamber to hidden safe rooms.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-261)[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HuntEmory-262)
> Due to security threat inside: immediately, move inside your office, take emergency equipment, lock the doors, take shelter.
âCapitol Police alert[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
At 2:26, Pence's Secret Service detail evacuated him and his family from their hideaway near the Senate downstairs, towards a secure location. After his evacuation, Pence's detail wanted to move him from the Capitol building, but Pence refused to get in the car. Addressing the agent in charge of his detail, Tim Giebels, Pence said, "I trust you, Tim, but you're not driving the car. If I get in that vehicle, you guys are taking off. I'm not getting in the car".[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-263)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-264)
All buildings in the complex were subsequently locked down, with no entry or exit allowed. Capitol staff were asked to [shelter in place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter_in_place "Shelter in place"); those outside were advised to "seek cover".[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NBC_Wash_2021-01-06-265) As the mob roamed the Capitol, lawmakers, aides, and staff took shelter in offices and closets. Aides to Mitch McConnell, barricaded in a room just off a hallway, heard a rioter outside the door "praying loudly", asking for "the evil of Congress \[to\] be brought to an end".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118) The rioters entered and ransacked the office of the Senate Parliamentarian.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Office_Ransacked-266)
With senators still in the chamber, Trump called Senator Tommy Tuberville and told him to do more to block the counting of Biden's electoral votes, but the call had to be cut off when the Senate chamber was evacuated at 2:30.[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-271) After evacuation, the mob took control of the chamber, with armed men carrying plastic handcuffs and others posing with raised fists on the Senate dais Pence had left minutes earlier.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-272) Staff and reporters were taken by secure elevators to the basement, to a bunker constructed following the [attempted attack on the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93 "United Airlines Flight 93") in 2001. Evacuees were redirected en route after the bunker was infiltrated by the mob.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_senate_evacuation_timeline-269)
The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate, [Michael C. Stenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Stenger "Michael C. Stenger"), accompanied a group of senators, including [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") and [Joe Manchin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Manchin "Joe Manchin"), to a secure location in a Senate office building. Once safe, the lawmakers were "furious" with Stenger; Graham asked him, "How does this happen? How does this happen?" and added that they "\[are\] not going to be run out by a mob".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Meanwhile, the House recessed at 2:18.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) Amid the security concerns, Representative [Dean Phillips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Phillips "Dean Phillips") yelled, "This is because of you!" at his Republican colleagues.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-274) According to her book, *[Oath and Honor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_and_Honor "Oath and Honor")*, "\[t\]he [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN") cameras captured \[Representative Cheney\] as \[she\] pointed at \[Representative [Jason Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Smith_\(American_politician\) "Jason Smith (American politician)")\] and said 'You did this.' \[She\] was angry. 'You did this.'"[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-275) The House resumed debate at 2:26.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) After Gosar finished, the House again went into recess at 2:29[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) after rioters entered the House wing and attempted to enter the Speaker's Lobby just outside the chamber. Lawmakers were still inside and being evacuated, with Pelosi, [Kevin McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy "Kevin McCarthy"), and others taken to a secure location.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276)[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-277) With violence breaking out, Capitol security advised members of Congress to take cover.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-278)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:9-279) Members of Congress inside the House chamber were told to don [gas masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mask "Gas mask") as law enforcement began using [tear gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear_gas "Tear gas") within the building.[\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-283)
[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") reported that shots were fired within the Capitol.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WQOW_2021-01-06-280)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABC_News_2021-01-07-179) An armed standoff took place at the front door of the chamber of the House of Representatives: as the mob attempted to break in, federal law enforcement officers inside drew their guns[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12) and pointed them toward the doors, which were barricaded with furniture.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-284) In a stairway, one officer fired a shot at a man coming toward him.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-285) Photographer [Erin Schaff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin_Schaff "Erin Schaff") said that, from the [Capitol Rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Rotunda "Capitol Rotunda"), she ran upstairs, where rioters grabbed her press badge. Police found her, and because her pass had been stolen, held her at gunpoint before colleagues intervened.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nyt-insidethecapitol-260)
The chief of staff for Representative [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") claimed that when the congresswoman and staff barricaded themselves in her office and attempted to call for help with [duress buttons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_button "Panic button") they had used during safety drills, "\[e\]very panic button...had been torn out â the whole unit".[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-286) A Democratic aide to the [House Administration Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_House_Administration "United States House Committee on House Administration") emailed Greg Sargent of *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* claiming the missing buttons were due to a "clerical screw-up" resulting from Pressley's swapping offices.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-287) Representative [Jamaal Bowman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman "Jamaal Bowman") tweeted that there were no duress buttons in his office, but acknowledged he was only three days into his term and the buttons were installed a week later.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
Multiple rioters, using the cameras on their cell phones, documented themselves occupying the Capitol and the offices of representatives,[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-289) vandalizing the offices of Speaker Pelosi,[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mob_Breaches_Capitol-290)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Marauding_protesters-291) [accessing secure computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Laptop_theft_and_cybersecurity_concerns), and stealing a laptop.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-292)
### Oath Keepers arrive and breach Rotunda
Shortly after 2:00, Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes arrived on the restricted Capitol grounds. At 2:30, a team of Oath Keepers ("Stack One", which included Meggs, Harrelson, Watkins, Hackett, and Moerschel), clad in paramilitary clothing, marched in a stack formation up the east steps to join the mob already besieging the Capitol. At 2:38, those doors to the Capitol Rotunda were breached, and "Stack One" entered the building alongside other attackers. A second group ("Stack Two") entered the Capitol through those same doors at 3:15.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90) Throughout the attack, Oath Keepers maintained a "Quick reaction Force" ready to deliver an arsenal to the group if called upon.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-293)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-294)
Meanwhile, also at 2:38, Proud Boy founder Enrique Tarrio made a social media post writing, "Don't fucking leave". In response to a member who asked "Are we a militia yet?", Tarrio replied, "Yep... Make no mistake... We did this..."[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
### Ashli Babbitt killed by police while attempting to breach Speaker's Lobby
Main article: [Killing of Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt")
| External videos |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOJ_filing_showing_Ashli_Babbitt_and_Zachary_Jordan_Alam_in_Speakers_Lobby_on_Jan_6.jpg)After Zachary Jordan Alam (circled in red, bottom right) smashed the window with his helmet, Ashli Babbitt (circled in red, top left) attempted to breach the Speaker's Lobby by climbing through a window toward the fleeing congress. |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg) [Footage](https://archive.org/details/nYiFQbNc65jwFYCWY?start=1993) of attempted breach of the Speaker's Lobby and subsequent shooting of Babbitt. |
At 2:44 p.m., law enforcement near the House Chamber was trying to "defend two fronts", and "a lot of members \[of Congress\] and staff that were in danger".[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mullin-295)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296) While some lawmakers remained trapped in the House gallery,[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-297) House members and staff from the floor were being evacuated by Capitol Police, protected from the attackers by a barricaded door with glass windows.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276)
As lawmakers evacuated, an attacker smashed a glass window beside the barricaded door.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-298)[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-299) Lieutenant Michael Byrd aimed his weapon, prompting attackers to repeatedly warn "he's got a gun".[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-300) Police and Secret Service warned "Get back! Get down! Get out of the way!".[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-301) [Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt"), wearing a Trump flag as a cape, began to climb through the shattered window, prompting Byrd to fire a single shot, hitting the attacker in the shoulder.[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-302)[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-303)
Mob members immediately began to leave the scene, making room for a police emergency response team to administer aid. Babbitt had entered the building through the breach on the upper west terrace.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-304) She was evacuated to [Washington Hospital Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Hospital_Center "Washington Hospital Center") where she died.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276) Footage of the shooting circulated.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-305)
### Attack on the tunnel
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_Officer_Daniel_Hodges_crushed_during_Jan_6_attack.png)
Officer [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") crushed in doorway of the Tunnel,
c.
3:15[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-fourth_superseding-306)
Around 3:15, MPD officer [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") was crushed in a door while defending the Capitol tunnel from attackers. One of his attackers was sentenced to 7.5 years in prison.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-fourth_superseding-306)[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-307)
At 3:21, MPD officer [Michael Fanone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fanone "Michael Fanone") was pulled into the mob and assaultedâdragged down the Capitol steps, beaten with pipes, stunned with a [Taser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser "Taser"), sprayed with chemical irritants, and threatened with his own sidearm.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-308) Fanone was carried unconscious back into the tunnel.[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-309) He suffered burns, a [heart attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction "Myocardial infarction"), traumatic brain injuries, and [post-traumatic stress disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder "Post-traumatic stress disorder").[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-310)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-311)[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-washingtonian-312) One of the men who attacked Fanone with a stun gun was sentenced to 12.5 years in prison.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-313)
By 3:39 p.m., fully-equipped riot officers from Virginia had arrived and began defending the tunnel,[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MendozaLinderman20210305-314) using flashbang munitions to clear the area of attackers.
### Police clear the Capitol and Congress reconvenes
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_15.jpg)
Reinforcements guard the Capitol after rioters were pushed out of the building.
A combined force of Capitol and Metropolitan police began an operation to clear the Capitol. By 2:49, the Crypt was cleared, and the mob outside the Speaker's Lobby was cleared by 2:57. At 3:25, law enforcement, including a line of MPD officers in riot gear, proceeded to clear the Rotunda; and by 3:40, rioters had mostly been pushed out onto West Plaza.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130): ch 8
At 4:22 p.m., Trump issued a video message to supporters on social media, "We have to have peace. So go home. We love you. You're very special".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 5:08, Army senior leaders relayed to Major General Walker the secretary of defense's permission to deploy the DC National Guard to the Capitol; The first contingent of 155 Guard members, dressed in riot gear, began arriving at the Capitol at 5:20.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127) By 6 p.m., the building was cleared of rioters, and bomb squads swept the Capitol.
At 8:06 p.m., Pence called the Senate back into session, and at 9:02, Pelosi did the same in the House. Biden's victory was confirmed by Pence shortly before 03:40 a.m. on January 7, and the joint session was dissolved at 03:44.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273)
## Federal officials' conduct
### Trump's conduct
Further information: [Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack § President Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#President_Trump "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
See also: [False or misleading statements by Donald Trump § January 6 attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump#January_6_attack "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump")
Statement by Donald Trump during the conflict, two hours after the building had been breached
Trump was in the [West Wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing "West Wing") of the White House at the time of the attack.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-six-hours-paralysis-315) He was "initially pleased" and refused to intercede when his supporters breached the Capitol.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-316) Staffers reported that Trump had been "impossible to talk to throughout the day".[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-317) Concerned that Trump may have committed treason through his actions, [White House Counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Counsel "White House Counsel") [Pat Cipollone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Cipollone "Pat Cipollone") reportedly advised administration officials to avoid contact with Trump and ignore any illegal orders that could further incite the attack, in order to limit their prosecutorial liability under the [Sedition Act of 1918](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918 "Sedition Act of 1918").[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-318)
Shortly after 2:00 p.m. EST, as the attack was ongoing and after senators had been evacuated, Trump placed calls to Republican senators (first [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee") of Utah, then [Tommy Tuberville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville "Tommy Tuberville") of Alabama), asking them to make more objections to the counting of the electoral votes.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268) Pence was evacuated by the Secret Service from the Senate chamber around 2:13.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-319) At 2:47 p.m., as Trump's supporters violently clashed with police at the Capitol, Trump's account tweeted, "Please support our Capitol Police and Law Enforcement. They are truly on the side of our Country. Stay peaceful!"[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) *The Washington Post* later reported that Trump did not want to include the words "stay peaceful",[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-six-hours-paralysis-315) and it later emerged that this message was sent by Deputy Chief of Staff [Dan Scavino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Scavino "Dan Scavino").[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-320)
During the attack, Chief of Staff [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows") received messages from [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr."), as well as [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") hosts [Sean Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Hannity "Sean Hannity"), [Laura Ingraham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Ingraham "Laura Ingraham"), and [Brian Kilmeade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kilmeade "Brian Kilmeade"), urging him to tell Trump to condemn the mayhem, or risk destroying his legacy.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-321) By 3:10, pressure was building on Trump to condemn supporters engaged in the attack. By 3:25, Trump tweeted, "I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful. No violence! Remember, WE are the Party of Law & Order â respect the Law and our great men and women in Blue", but he refused to call upon the crowd to disperse.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) By 3:40, several congressional Republicans called upon Trump to more specifically condemn violence and to tell his supporters to end the occupation of the Capitol.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-322)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-323)
At some point on January 6, Trump formally withdrew his nomination of acting DHS secretary [Chad Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Wolf "Chad Wolf"), transmitting his withdrawal to the Senate.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-324)
By 3:50 p.m., White House Press Secretary [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany") said that the National Guard and "other federal protective services" had been deployed.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 4:06 p.m. on national television, President-elect Biden called for President Trump to end the attack. At 4:22 p.m., Trump issued a video message on social media that Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube later took down. In it, he repeated his claims of electoral fraud, praised his supporters, and told them to "go home".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 6:25 p.m., Trump tweeted: "These are the things and events that happen when a sacred landslide election victory is so unceremoniously & viciously stripped away from great patriots who have been badly & unfairly treated for so long" and then issued a call: "Go home with love & in peace. Remember this day forever!"[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Durkee-58)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-325) At 7:00, Rudy Giuliani placed a second call to Lee's number and left a voicemail intended for Tuberville, urging him to make more objections to the electoral votes as part of a bid "to try to just slow it down".[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)
#### Inflammatory speech while knowing of weapons
During the "Save America" rally, Trump delivered a speech filled with violent imagery while knowing that some of his supporters were armed. He demanded that armed supporters be allowed to enter the rally, and later instructed the crowd to march on the US Capitol.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pengelly_6/28/2022-326) In a December 21, 2021, statement, Trump falsely called the attack a "completely unarmed protest". The Department of Justice said in a January 2022 official statement that over 75 people had been charged, in relation to the attack, with entering a restricted area while armed with "a dangerous or deadly weapon", including some armed with guns, stun guns, knives, batons, baseball bats, axes, and chemical sprays.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-327) According to testimony from Trump White House aide [Cassidy Hutchinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy_Hutchinson "Cassidy Hutchinson"), a Secret Service official had warned Trump that protestors were carrying weapons, but Trump wanted the [magnetometers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer "Magnetometer") used to detect metallic weapons removed so armed supporters could enter the rally.[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-328) According to Hutchinson, when warned, Trump said:
> I don't fucking care that they have weapons, they're not here to hurt me. They're not here to hurt me. Take the fucking mags away. Let my people in. They can march to the Capitol from here, let the people in and take the mags away.[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pengelly_6/28/2022-326)
#### Allegation of assaulting a Secret Service driver
In June 2022, Cassidy Hutchinson testified that she was told by then-[White House deputy chief of staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_deputy_chief_of_staff "White House deputy chief of staff") [Anthony Ornato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ornato "Anthony Ornato") that after Trump got into the [presidential SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_state_car_\(United_States\) "Presidential state car (United States)") following his rally, hoping to drive to the Capitol as his supporters marched there, his lead Secret Service agent, Robert Engel, told him it was too dangerous and informed him they were returning to the White House. Hutchinson said Ornato told her Trump became irate, attempted to grab the steering wheel of the vehicle, and lunged at Engel's [clavicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle "Clavicle").[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-sixth-329) She testified Engel was present with Ornato as he related the incident but never contradicted the account.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-330) Three days after Hutchinson's testimony, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") reported that it had spoken with two Secret Service agents who had heard accounts of the incident from multiple other agents since February 2021, including Trump's driver. Although details differed, agents confirmed there was an angry confrontation, with one agent relating that Trump "tried to lunge over the seat â for what reason, nobody had any idea", but no one asserted Trump attacked Engel. A separate Secret Service official told CNN that Engel denied that Trump grabbed at the steering wheel or lunged toward an agent on his detail, and that Ornato denied telling Hutchinson that.[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-331) The same day, *Politico* reported that during an early 2022 deposition Engel told the committee that he had kept his full account of the incident from his Secret Service colleagues for at least fourteen months.[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-332) On July 14, 2022, CNN published a corroborating account by a Metropolitan Police officer in the motorcade, who told of the "heated exchange" Trump had with his Secret Service detail when they refused to take him to the Capitol following his rally on January 6.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-333)
#### Endangering Mike Pence
On January 5, after Vice President Mike Pence refused to participate in the fake electors plot, Trump warned that he would have to criticize him publicly. This prompted Pence's chief of staff to become concerned for Pence's safety and to alert Pence's Secret Service detail to the perceived threat.[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Jan6th_Indictment-334)[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-335) At 3:23 a.m. on the morning of January 6, [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") leader [Ron Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Watkins "Ron Watkins") posted a tweet accusing Pence of orchestrating a coup against Trump and linked to a blog post which called for "the immediate arrest of \[Pence\], for treason".[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-336)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-337)[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-338)
At 2:24, while Pence was in hiding in the Capitol, Trump tweeted that Pence "didn't have the courage to do what should have been done".[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-snopes_hang-339)[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABCColvin-340) Trump followers on far-right social media called for Pence to be hunted down, and the mob began chanting, "Where is Pence?" and "Find Mike Pence!"[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-341) Outside, the mob chanted, "Hang Mike Pence!", which some crowds continued to chant as they stormed the Capitol.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABCColvin-340) At least three rioters were overheard by a reporter as saying that they wanted to find Pence and [execute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment "Capital punishment") him as a "traitor" by [hanging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging "Hanging") him from a tree outside the building.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-overheard-342) One official recalled that: "The members of the \[Vice President's Secret Service detail\] at this time were starting to fear for their own lives... they're screaming and saying things like 'say goodbye to the family'".[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-343) Alerted by a staffer to the threat against Pence, Trump reportedly replied "So what?"[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-344) Witnesses report that White House chief of staff Mark Meadows told colleagues that Trump expressed frustration about Pence being taken to safety and implying that Pence should be hanged.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-345)[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-346) Pence later argued that Trump's "reckless words endangered my family and everyone at the Capitol that day".[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-347)
On April 3, 2025, the [John F. Kennedy Library Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Library_Foundation "John F. Kennedy Library Foundation") announced Pence as the recipient of the JFK [Profile in Courage Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award "Profile in Courage Award") "for putting his life and career on the line to ensure the constitutional transfer of presidential power on Jan. 6, 2021".[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-3apr2025-348)
#### Failure to end the attack
In a televised [January 6 Attack congressional hearing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack_public_hearings "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack public hearings") on June 9, 2022, congresspersons [Bennie Thompson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson "Bennie Thompson") and Liz Cheney stated that Trump did nothing to stop the attack despite numerous urgent requests that he intervene. They described Trump's inaction as a "[dereliction of duty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereliction_of_duty "Dereliction of duty")".[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-349) Cheney said that Trump had attempted to overturn a [free and fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_fair_election "Free and fair election") democratic election by promoting a seven-part conspiracy.[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609lb-350)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609pb-351) According to Representative Thompson, "Jan. 6 was the culmination of an attempted coup, a brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after Jan. 6, to overthrow the government... The violence was no accident. It represents Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power". Trump, according to the committee, "lied to the American people, ignored all evidence refuting his false fraud claims, pressured state and federal officials to throw out election results favoring his challenger, encouraged a violent mob to storm the Capitol and even signaled support for the execution of his own vice president".[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609lb-350)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609pb-351)
After the June 9 hearing, Congressman [Tom Rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Rice "Tom Rice") reiterated his long-held view of Trump's conduct, saying, "He watched it happen. He reveled in it. And he took no action to stop it. I think he had a duty to try to stop it, and he failed in that duty".[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-352)
### Capitol Police leadership's failure to prepare
Main article: [Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_C._Stenger.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_D._Irving_official_photo_\(cropped\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steven_Sund.jpg)
On January 6, the Capitol police were led by [Michael C. Stenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Stenger "Michael C. Stenger") (*top left*) the [Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate "Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate"), [Paul D. Irving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Irving "Paul D. Irving") (*top right*) the [Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives"), and [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") (*bottom*), the Chief of the Capitol Police. All three resigned in the wake of January 6.
Capitol Police leadership had not planned for a riot or attack,[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) and on January 6, under "orders from leadership", the force deployed without riot gear, shields, batons, or "less lethal" arms such as [sting grenades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade#Sting "Grenade"). Before the riot, they were seen taking selfies with the rioters.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-354) Department riot shields had been improperly stored, causing them to shatter upon impact.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-slams-131) Hundreds more Capitol Police could have been used, but they were not.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-day_of_rage-239)
Concerned about the approaching mob, Representative [Maxine Waters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Waters "Maxine Waters") called Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who was not on the Capitol grounds but at the police department's headquarters. When asked what the Capitol Police were doing to stop the rioters, Sund told Waters, "We're doing the best we can" and then hung up on her.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355) It was not until 2:10 p.m. that the Capitol Police board granted Chief Sund permission to formally request deployment of the Guard.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
In a February 2021 [confidence vote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_vote "Confidence vote") organized by the U.S. Capitol Police Labor Committee, the union representing Capitol Police officers, 92 percent voted that they had no confidence in leadership, writing: "Our leaders did not properly plan for the protest nor prepare officers for what they were about to face. This despite the fact they knew days before that the protest had the potential to turn violent. We still have no answers why leadership failed to inform or equip us for what was coming on January 6th".[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-356)
### Department of Defense leadership's refusal to send Guard
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_C._Miller_official_portrait.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Walter_E._Piatt_\(3\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gen._Charles_A._Flynn_\(2\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GEN_Daniel_R._Hokanson.jpg)
Acting-Secretary Christopher Miller (*top left*), whose appointment had prompted concerns of a right-wing military coup, failed to authorize the National Guard to deploy until after the Capitol had been secured and Trump had called for supporters to "go home". Walter E. Piatt (*top right*) and Charles Flynn (*bottom left*) participated in a 2:26 p.m. call denying deployment of the guard, though the military did not admit Flynn's role for weeks after the attack. Daniel R. Hokanson (*bottom right*) placed calls to ensure the Virginia and Maryland National Guard would not move until given explicit permission by [the Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon").
On January 3, acting defense secretary Miller had been ordered by Trump to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-protect_demonstrators-126) The following day, Miller issued orders which prohibited deploying D.C. Guard members with weapons, helmets, body armor, or riot control agents without his personal approval.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PentRest-128) Prior to the attack, Trump had floated the idea with his staff of deploying 10,000 National Guardsmen, though not to protect the Capitol, but rather "to protect him and his supporters from any supposed threats by left-wing counterprotestors".[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-357)
At 1:34 p.m., D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") had a telephone call with Army Secretary [Ryan D. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") in which she requested that they deploy the Guard. At 2:10 p.m., the Capitol Police board permitted Chief Sund to formally request deployment of the Guard.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
At 2:26 p.m., D.C.'s [homeland security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_security "Homeland security") director Chris Rodriguez coordinated a conference call with Bowser, the chiefs of the Capitol Police (Sund) and Metropolitan Police (Contee), and D.C. National Guard (DCNG) commander Walker. As the DCNG does not report to a governor, but to the president, Walker patched in the Office of the Secretary of the Army, noting that he would need Pentagon authorization to deploy. Lt. Gen. [Walter E. Piatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Piatt "Walter E. Piatt"), director of the Army Staff, noted that the Pentagon needed Capitol Police authorization to step onto Capitol grounds. Metro Police Chief [Robert Contee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Contee "Robert Contee") asked for clarification from Capitol Police Chief Sund: "Steve, are you requesting National Guard assistance at the Capitol?" to which Sund replied, "I am making urgent, urgent, immediate request for National Guard assistance". According to Sund, Piatt stated, "I don't like the visual of the National Guard standing a police line with the Capitol in the background". Sund pleaded with Piatt to send the Guard, but Piatt stated that only Army Secretary McCarthy had the authority to approve such a request, and he could not recommend that Secretary McCarthy approve the request for assistance directly to the Capitol. The D.C. officials were subsequently described as "flabbergasted" at this message. McCarthy would later state that he was not on this conference call because he was already entering a meeting with senior department leadership.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_hamstrung-234) General [Charles A. Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Flynn "Charles A. Flynn"), brother of General [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn"), a Trump and QAnon supporter, participated in the call.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-lsld-army-flynn-2021-358)[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-359)
By 3:37 p.m., the Pentagon dispatched its own security forces to guard the homes of senior defense leaders, "even though no rioters or criminal attacks are occurring at those locations". Sund later opined, "This demonstrates to me that the Pentagon fully understands the urgency and danger of the situation even as it does nothing to support us on the Hill".[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296)
In response to the reluctance expressed by Department of Defense leaders during the 2:26 conference call, D.C. officials contacted the State of Virginia. Public Safety Secretary of Virginia Brian Moran dispatched the Virginia State Police to the U.S. Capitol, as permitted by a mutual aid agreement with D.C.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NorthamRecount-190) At 3:46 p.m., after leaders of the Department of Defense learned that the Virginia National Guard may have mobilized, the head of the [National Guard Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_Bureau "National Guard Bureau"), [General Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Hokanson "Daniel R. Hokanson"), called the Virginia commander to verify that the Virginia Guard would not move without prior permission from the Pentagon. At 3:55, Hokanson made a similar call to the commander of the Maryland National Guard.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-360)
On January 6, Secretary Miller ultimately withheld permission to deploy the National Guard until 4:32 p.m., after assets from Virginia had already entered the district, FBI tactical teams had arrived at the Capitol, and Trump had instructed rioters to "go home".[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-361)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-362) Miller's permission would not actually be relayed to the commander of the National Guard until 5:08.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-363) Sund recalls a comment from the DC National Guard commander General Walker, who said:
> Steve, I felt so bad. I wanted to help you immediately, but I couldn't. I could hear the desperation in your voice, but they wouldn't let me come. When we arrived, I saw the [New Jersey State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Police "New Jersey State Police"). Imagine how I felt. [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") got here before we did\![\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-364)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355): Ch. 2
The Army falsely denied for two weeks that Lt. Gen. Charles A. Flynn, the Army deputy chief of staff for operations, plans, and training, was on the call requesting the National Guard. Flynn's role drew scrutiny due to his brother Michael's recent calls for martial law and an election do-over overseen by the military.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-lsld-army-flynn-2021-358) Flynn testified that "he never expressed a concern about the visuals, image, or public perception of" sending the Guard to the Capitol; Col. [Earl Matthews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_G._Matthews "Earl G. Matthews"), who participated in the call and took contemporaneous notes, called Flynn's denial "outright perjury".[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-365) Department of Defense leaders claim they called the D.C. National Guard commander at 4:30 to relay permission to deployâleaders of the Guard deny this call ever took place.[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-366)
### Congressional conduct
During the attack, Representative [Lauren Boebert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Boebert "Lauren Boebert") (R-CO) posted information about the police response and the location of members on Twitter, including the fact that Speaker Pelosi had been taken out of the chamber, for which Boebert has faced calls to resign for endangering members.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-367)[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-368) Boebert responded that she was not sharing private information since Pelosi's removal was also broadcast on TV.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
Representative [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") (D-MA) left the congressional safe room for fear of other members there "who incited the mob in the first place".[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
While sheltering for hours in the "safe room", a cramped, windowless room where people sat within arm's reach of each other, some Republican Congress members refused to wear face masks, even when their Democratic colleagues begged them to do so. During the following week, three Democratic members tested positive for COVID-19 in what an environmental health expert described as a "superspreader" event.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-369)
### Deletion of Secret Service and Homeland Security text messages
As part of its investigation into the events of January 6, the [Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_Office_of_Inspector_General "Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General") requested text messages from the Secret Service. In response, the messages were deleted.[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-370)[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-371) Text messages from Department of Homeland Security leaders Chad Wolf and [Ken Cuccinelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli "Ken Cuccinelli") "are missing from a key period leading up to the January 6 attack".[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-372) Wolf's nomination had been withdrawn by the White House sometime on January 6.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-373) A criminal investigation was opened into the deletion.[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-374)
## Participants, groups, and criminal charges
Main article: [Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
By November 2023, over 1,200 defendants had been charged for their role in the attack.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Capitol_arrests-35) The attackers included some of Trump's longtime and most fervent supporters from across the United States.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) The mob included Republican Party officials, current and former state legislators and political donors, far-right militants, [white supremacists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacists "White supremacists"),[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) conservative [evangelical Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Christians "Evangelical Christians"),[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-377) and participants of the "Save America" Rally.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MilitantChristian-376) According to the FBI, dozens of people on its [terrorist watchlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_Screening_Database "Terrorist Screening Database") were in D.C. for pro-Trump events on the 6th, with the majority being "suspected white supremacists".[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Watchlist-378) Some came heavily armed and some were convicted criminals, including a man who had been released from a Florida prison after serving a sentence for [attempted murder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_murder "Attempted murder").[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375)
[Last Sons of Liberty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement#Participation_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Boogaloo movement"),[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-379) [Rod of Iron Ministries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_of_Iron_Ministries "Rod of Iron Ministries"),[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Jan_6_riots-380) [Groypers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groypers "Groypers"),[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-381) [Nationalist Social Club-131](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131 "Nationalist Social Club-131")[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-382) and [Super Happy Fun America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Happy_Fun_America "Super Happy Fun America")[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-383) were allegedly involved in the attack.[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-384) Multiple factions of the [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") also participated in the attack, including "DC Brigade", "Patriot Boys of North Texas",[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-385) and "B Squad". The B Squad and DC Brigade conspired with the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers.[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-386)
### Proud Boys
Main article: [Proud Boys § Participation in the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys#Participation_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Proud Boys")
See also: [Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Proud_Boys "Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Enrique_Tarrio.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ethan_Nordean_headshot_cropped.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proud_Boy_Joe_Biggs_-_Seminole_County_Jail.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zach_Rehl_-_Leader_of_the_Philly_Proud_Boys_\(50558087973\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proud_Boy_Jeremy_Bertino_wearing_a_Right_Wing_Death_Squad_\(RWDS\)_patch_in_Raleigh_\(2020_Nov\)_\(50658113573\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
[Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") leaders who were guilty of leading a [seditious conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_conspiracy "Seditious conspiracy") to stop the transfer of power: Chairman [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio") of Florida (*top left*), [Ethan "Rufio" Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") of Washington State (*top center*), [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") (*top right*) of Florida, Zachary Rehl of Pennsylvania (*bottom left*) and [Jeremy Bertino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bertino "Jeremy Bertino") of South Carolina (*bottom right*). Bertino pleaded guilty, while the other four were found guilty at trial.
The Proud Boys played a much greater role in planning and coordinating the attack than was publicly known in 2021. In 2022, new information appeared in testimony to the [January 6 Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") and in a *New York Times* investigative video.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_article-227) Another key revelation about the Proud Boys' plans came from an informant and concerned Mike Pence:
> According to an F.B.I. affidavit the panel highlighted ... a government informant said that members of the far-right militant group the Proud Boys told him they would have killed Pence 'if given the chance.' The rioters on January 6th almost had that chance, coming within forty feet of the Vice-President as he fled to safety.[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-387)
On July 7, 2023, Barry Bennet Ramey was sentenced to 5 years in prison. He was connected to the Proud Boys and pepper-sprayed police in the face.[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-388) Proud Boys leaders Joseph Biggs and Zachary Rehl were sentenced to 17 and 15 years respectively.[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-389) Proud Boy [Dominic Pezzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Pezzola "Dominic Pezzola"), who breached the Capitol with a stolen police riot shield, was sentenced to 10 years.[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-390) Proud Boys founder Enrique Tarrio, described as the "ultimate leader" of the conspiracy, was sentenced to 22 years in prison.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kunzelman-68)
### Oath Keepers
Main article: [Oath Keepers § Participation in the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers#Participation_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Oath Keepers")
See also: [Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Oath_Keepers "Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
The [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") are an [American far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right_\(United_States\) "Radical right (United States)")[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CTC_2021-391) [anti-government militia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement")[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CTC_2021-391)[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-392) whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the government of the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"), including the transfer of presidential power as prescribed by the [United States constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States "Constitution of the United States"). It was incorporated in 2009 by founder [Elmer Stewart Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes "Stewart Rhodes"), a lawyer and former paratrooper. In 2023, Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years for [seditious conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_conspiracy "Seditious conspiracy") for his role in the attack; another Oath Keepers leader, Kelly Meggs, was sentenced to 12 years for the same crime.[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-393)
On January 13, 2022, 10 members of the Oath Keepers, including founder Stewart Rhodes, were arrested and charged with seditious conspiracy.[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-394) On November 29, a jury convicted Rhodes and Florida chapter Oath Keepers leader Kelly Meggs of seditious conspiracy. Three other members of the Oath Keepers were found not guilty of seditious conspiracy, but were convicted on other, related charges.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-395)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-396)
On May 23, 2023, Rhodes, age 57, was sentenced to 18 years in prison.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Oath-397) The Department of Justice announced plans to appeal to the [United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit") for longer prison terms for Rhodes and his co-defendants.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Oath-397) At sentencing, the court described Rhodes as dangerous, noting "The moment you are released, whenever that may be, you will be ready to take up arms against your government".[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-398) Eight of Rhodes's militiamen were convicted for seditious conspiracy, among other charges. Meggs was sentenced to 12 years in prison.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-USAODC-399) [Jessica Marie Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Marie_Watkins "Jessica Marie Watkins") was sentenced to 8 years and six months, and Kenneth Harrelson was sentenced to four years in prison. Both convicts were members of the Oath Keepers, with Watkins's crimes including merging her local Ohio armed group with the Oath Keepers in 2020, and Harrelson's as serving as the right-hand man to Kelly Meggs, leader of the Florida chapter.[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-400)
### QAnon
Main article: [QAnon § Attempts to overturn the 2020 U.S. election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon#Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_U.S._election "QAnon")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOJ_filing_Jacob_Chansley_aka_QAnon_Shaman_in_Senate_on_Jan_6.png)
[Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley"), the "QAnon Shaman", in the US Senate during the attack. He was later sentenced to 41 months in prison,[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-401) being released from halfway house in May 2023.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-402)
QAnon is an [American political conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_political_conspiracy_theory "American political conspiracy theory") and [political movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_movement "Political movement") that originated in the [American far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics "Far-right politics") political sphere in 2017.[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-403) QAnon centers on fabricated claims made by an anonymous individual or individuals known as "Q". Those claims have been relayed and developed by [online communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_community "Virtual community") and [influencers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_celebrity "Internet celebrity"). Their core belief is that a [cabal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabal "Cabal") of [Satanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theistic_Satanism "Theistic Satanism"),[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-far-right_conspiracy_theory-404)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bracewell-405)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Crossley-406) [cannibalistic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cannibalism "Human cannibalism") [child molesters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_molesters "Child molesters") are operating a global child [sex trafficking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_trafficking "Sex trafficking") ring that conspired against Donald Trump.[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-407) Watchdogs studied QAnon posts and warned of the potential for violence ahead of January 6, 2021.[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-408)[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-409)[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-410) Multiple QAnon-affiliated protesters participated in the attack.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-411)[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-412) One participant, whose attire and behavior attracted worldwide media attention, was [Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley"), a QAnon supporter nicknamed the "QAnon Shaman".[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-413) Ashli Babbitt, a rioter who was shot dead by police as she was trying to break into the Speaker's Lobby, was a committed follower of QAnon.[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-414)[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zadrozny-415) The day before the attack, she had tweeted: "the storm is here and it is descending upon DC in less than 24 hours".[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-416)
### White supremacists, neo-Nazis, and neo-Confederates
Far-right emblematic gear was worn by some participants, including [neo-Confederate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confederate "Neo-Confederate"), [Holocaust deniers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial "Holocaust denial"), [neo-Nazi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism "Neo-Nazism") and [Völkisch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement#Influence_on_Nazism "Völkisch movement")\-inspired [neopagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Paganism "Modern Paganism") apparel, as well as a shirt emblazoned with references to the [Auschwitz concentration camp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp "Auschwitz concentration camp") and its motto, *[Arbeit macht frei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeit_macht_frei "Arbeit macht frei")* ("Work sets you free").[\[n\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-419)
The anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi group NSC-131 was at the event, although it is unknown to what extent.[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-420)[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-421)[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-423) Following the event, members of the group detailed their actions and claimed they were the "beginning of the start of White Revolution in the United States".[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-424) After the attack, two [white nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_nationalism "White nationalism") known for [racist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism "Racism") and [anti-Semitic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism "Antisemitism") rhetoric streamed to their online followers a video posted on social media showing a man harassing an [Israeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel "Israel") journalist seeking to conduct a live report outside the building.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-IsraeliJournalist-417)
A Confederate battle flag was displayed inside the Capitol for the first time in U.S. history.[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6_miles-425)[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-list2-426) Some of the rioters carried [American flags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_flag "American flag"), [Confederate battle flags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag "Modern display of the Confederate battle flag"),[\[p\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-429) or [Nazi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi "Nazi") emblems.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-430) A group of [Indian American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_American "Indian American") Trump supporters held an [Indian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India "Flag of India").[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-431) [Varun Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varun_Gandhi "Varun Gandhi"), a senior parliamentarian from India's ruling [BJP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP "BJP"), expressed surprise and disapproval of the prominent display of the Indian flag by some of the protestors in one of his [tweets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_\(Twitter\) "Tweet (Twitter)"); opposition [Indian National Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress "Indian National Congress") leader [Shashi Tharoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashi_Tharoor "Shashi Tharoor") equated the mentality of some Indians with that of Trump supporters.[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-432)
The laptop computer taken from Pelosi's office was taken by 22-year-old Capitol rioter [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams"), a member of the [Atomwaffen Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division "Atomwaffen Division") and the [Order of Nine Angles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles "Order of Nine Angles").[\[q\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-438) Williams' boyfriend, who tipped off police, said that she had intended to send the stolen laptop to a friend in Russia for sale to Russian intelligence.[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rabinowitz-435)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shoaib-437) Williams was sentenced to three years in prison.[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-439)
The National Capital Region Threat Intelligence Consortium, a [fusion center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_center "Fusion center") that aids the DHS and other federal national security and law enforcement groups, wrote that potentially violent individuals were joining the protest from the neo-Nazi group [Atomwaffen Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division "Atomwaffen Division") and [Stormfront](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormfront_\(website\) "Stormfront (website)"). Despite this information, the Secret Service released an internal memo that stated there was no concern.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-440)
### Others
Although the anti-government [Boogaloo movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement "Boogaloo movement") mostly were opposed to Trump, a Boogaloo follower said groups under his command helped attack the Capitol, taking the opportunity to strike against the federal government.[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BoogalooReuters-441) Also present during the attack were parts of the [National Anarchist Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National-anarchism "National-anarchism") and the [Blue Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter "Blue Lives Matter") movement, supporters of the [America First Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Political_Action_Conference "America First Political Action Conference"), the Stop the Steal movement and the [Patriot Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Movement "Patriot Movement"), remnants of the [Tea Party movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_movement "Tea Party movement"), the Three Percenters, the Groypers, [Christian nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_nationalism "Christian nationalism"), and other far-right organizations and groups.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22) Shirts with references to the internet meme [Pepe the Frog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog "Pepe the Frog") were also seen, alongside "1776" and "MAGA civil war 2021" shirts, NSC-131 stickers, and the [valknut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valknut "Valknut") symbol.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-442) Rioters were seen using the [OK gesture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK_gesture "OK gesture"), a gesture that had been famously co-opted as an [alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") symbol. Christian imagery, including a large "Jesus saves" banner, was seen in the crowd of demonstrators. Various other iconography was also on display, such as flags of other countries.[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-445)
[Anti-vaccine activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") and conspiracy theorists were also present at the rally.[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-446) Members of the right-wing Tea Party Patriotsâbacked group [America's Frontline Doctors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors "America's Frontline Doctors"), including founder [Simone Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Gold "Simone Gold") and its communications director, were arrested.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-447)[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-448) She was later sentenced to 60 days in prison by a US federal court in Washington, D.C., for illegally entering the Capitol building.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-449) West Virginia delegate [Derrick Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Evans_\(politician\) "Derrick Evans (politician)"), a state lawmaker, filmed himself entering the Capitol alongside rioters. On January 8, he was charged by federal authorities with entering a restricted area;[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-450) he resigned from the House of Delegates the next day and was ultimately sentenced to 90 days in jail.[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-resigns-451) [Amanda Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Chase "Amanda Chase") was censured by the Virginia State Senate for her actions surrounding the event.[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-452)
### Police and military connections
*[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")* reported that some rioters briefly showed their police badges or military identification to law enforcement as they approached the Capitol, expecting to be let inside; a Capitol Police officer told *BuzzFeed News* that one rioter had told him "\[w\]e're doing this for you" as he flashed a badge.[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) One former police officer, Laura Steele, was convicted for breaching the Capitol with fellow Oath Keepers.[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-453)
A number of [U.S. military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces "United States Armed Forces") personnel participated in the attack;[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) the [Department of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense "United States Department of Defense") is investigating members on active and reserve duty who may have been involved.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-454)[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-455) Nearly 20% of defendants charged in relation to the attack, and about 12% of the participants in general, were current or former members of the U.S. military.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-456)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-adlveterans-457) A report from [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University") and the [Combating Terrorism Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center "Combating Terrorism Center") said that "if anything ... there actually is a very slight underrepresentation of veterans among the January 6 attackers".[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-adlveterans-457) Police officers and a police chief from departments in multiple states are under investigation for their alleged involvement in the attack.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-458) Two Capitol Police officers were suspended, one for directing rioters inside the building while wearing a [Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") hat, and the other for taking a selfie with a rioter.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-459)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-460)
### Analysis
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC08970_\(50827352796\).jpg)
A row of flags lining the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") grounds
In February 2021, an academic analysis in *[The Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic")* found that of the 193 persons so far arrested for invading the Capitol, 89 percent had no clear public connection to established far-right militias, known white-nationalist gangs, or any other known militant organizations. "The overwhelming reason for action, cited again and again in court documents, was that arrestees were following Trump's orders to keep Congress from certifying Joe Biden as the presidential-election winner". They were older than participants in previous far-right violent demonstrations and more likely to be employed, with 40% being business owners. The researchers concluded that these "middle-aged, middle-class insurrectionists" represented "a new force in American politics â not merely a mix of right-wing organizations, but a broader mass political movement that has violence at its core and draws strength even from places where Trump supporters are in the minority".[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-461)
The [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reviewed public and online records of more than 120 participants after the attack and found that many of them shared conspiracy theories about the election on social media and had believed other QAnon and "deep state" conspiracy theories. Several had threatened Democratic and Republican politicians before the attack.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) The event was described as "[extremely online](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_online "Extremely online")", with "pro-Trump internet personalities" and fans streaming live footage while taking [selfies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie "Selfie").[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-462)[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-463)
According to the University of Maryland's [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Consortium_for_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Responses_to_Terrorism "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism"):
> The "ordinary people" argument misses, or at least obscures, the extent to which the Capitol rioters were linked to dangerous groups and ideas.... at least 280 of the individuals charged with committing crimes on Jan. 6 were associated with extremist groups or conspiratorial movements. This includes 78 defendants who had links to the Proud Boys, a group with a history of violence; 37 members of the anti-government Oath Keepers militia; 31 individuals who embraced the similarly anti-government and militant views of the Three Percenters movement; and 92 defendants who promoted aspects of QAnon.... These 280 individuals make up approximately 35 percent of the Capitol defendants. While it is true that they do not represent a majority of the more than 800 people who have been charged in connection with the riot, ... A 35 percent rate of participation in extremism among a collective of apparently "ordinary" individuals is an astounding number â one that should shake us to our core.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-UMD_article-66)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09265-2_\(50821579347\).jpg)
Rioters outside the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") shortly after [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Congress "US Congress") was evacuated
Federal officials estimate that about ten thousand rioters entered the Capitol grounds,[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-464) and the [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Service_code_name "Secret Service code name") and FBI have estimated that from 2,000 to 2,500 ultimately entered the building.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR1-49)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo2-50)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51) As of May 2024, about 1,400 people had been charged with federal crimes relating to the event,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) and 884 of those defendants had been sentenced,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) in many cases for nonviolent offenses.[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-465)[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-466) Those who went inside the Capitol but were peaceful have been called "MAGA tourists".[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-467)
More than 800 video and audio filesâincluding D.C. Metropolitan Police radio transmissions, Capitol Police [body-worn camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-worn_camera "Body-worn camera") footage, and Capitol surveillance camera footageâwere later obtained as evidence in Trump's impeachment trial. The evidence showed that the assailants launched a large and coordinated attack. For example, "Security camera footage near the House chamber shows the rioters waving in reinforcements to come around the corner. Another video shows more than 150 rioters charging through a breached entrance in just a minute-and-a-half".[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CoordinatedAttack-468) While assaulting the Capitol, the crowd chanted "Fight, Fight"; "Stop the steal"; and "Fight for Trump".[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-469) As they were overrun by a violent mob, the police acted with restraint and pleaded for backup.[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CoordinatedAttack-468) Many of the attackers employed tactics, body armor, and technology (such as two-way radio headsets) similar to those of the very police they were confronting.[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-470) Some rioters wore riot gear, including helmets and military-style vests. A pair of rioters carried [plastic handcuffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_handcuffs "Plastic handcuffs"), which they found on a table inside the Capitol.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-471)[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-472) In an analysis of later court documents, it was reported that at least 85 participants in the riot were charged with carrying or using a weaponâsuch as guns, knives, axes, chemical sprays, police gear, and [stun guns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroshock_weapon "Electroshock weapon")âin the riots to assault others or break objects. It is illegal to possess weapons at the Capitol.[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-473)
## Results
### Casualties and suicides
Further information: [Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Casualties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Casualties "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack"), and [Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Suicides "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack")
See also: [Killing of Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") and [Death of Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brian_Sicknick.jpg)
Capitol Police officer [Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Sicknick "Brian Sicknick") died the day after the attack.
[Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt"), a 35-year-old [Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force "United States Air Force") veteran, was fatally shot in the upper chest by Lt. Michael Leroy Byrd while attempting to climb through the shattered window of a barricaded door.[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcbyrd-474)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-479)
[Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Sicknick "Brian Sicknick"), a 42-year-old responding Capitol Police officer, was pepper-sprayed during the attack and had two [thromboembolic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboembolism "Thromboembolism") strokes the next day,[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-480)[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MedExaminer-481) after which he was placed on life support[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-LifeandTimes-482) and soon died.[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-483)[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-484) The D.C. chief medical examiner found he died from a stroke, classifying his death as natural,[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-485) and said that the designation of natural causes is "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural".[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) The coroner commented that "all that transpired played a role in his condition".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-transpired-43)[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MedExaminer-481)[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-486) While some accounts maintain he was struck in the head during the riots, he was not found to have died from blunt-force trauma. No signs of any injuries were found during medical examination.[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PolitiFact-487)
Rosanne Boyland, 34, died of an [amphetamine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine "Amphetamine") overdose during the attack, rather than, as was initially reported, from injuries sustained from being crushed beneath other rioters.[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-488) When the crowd of rioters moved from on top of her, she was found dead. Her death was ruled as [accidental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidental_death "Accidental death") by the D.C. medical examiner's office.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) Her mother, Cheryl Boyland, told [NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News"): "She was not doing drugs. The only thing they found was her own [prescription medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_medicine "Prescription medicine")".[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-489)
Kevin Greeson, 55; and Benjamin Philips, 50, died naturally from [coronary heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease "Coronary heart disease") and [hypertensive heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_heart_disease "Hypertensive heart disease"), respectively. There was no indication that they participated in the riot.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-factchecknov-27)
Four officers, from various police departments, who responded to the attack committed suicide in the days and months that followed.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31)[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-490) Capitol Police officer [Howard Charles Liebengood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Howard_Liebengood "Death of Howard Liebengood") died by suicide three days after the attack.[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-491) D.C. Metropolitan Police officer [Jeffrey Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_L._Smith "Death of Jeffrey L. Smith"), who was injured in the attack, died by suicide from a gunshot wound to the head at [George Washington Memorial Parkway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway "George Washington Memorial Parkway") on January 15, after a misdiagnosed concussion;[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-492) his death was found to be in line of duty.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-493) In July, two more officers who responded to the attack died by suicide: Metropolitan Police officer Kyle Hendrik DeFreytag was found on July 10, and Metropolitan Police officer Gunther Paul Hashida was found on July 29.[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ThirdAndFourth-494)
Some rioters[\[t\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-496) and 174 police officers were injured, of whom 15 were hospitalized, some with severe injuries.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AJCTwoSuspended-33) All had been released from the hospital by January 11.[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-497)
### Damage
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_damage_after_2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_by_Bill_Cassidy_01.jpg)
A damaged window in the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol")
Rioters stormed the offices of Pelosi, flipping tables and ripping photos from walls;[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mob_Breaches_Capitol-290)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Marauding_protesters-291) the office of the Senate Parliamentarian was ransacked;[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Office_Ransacked-266) art was looted;[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12) and feces were tracked into hallways.[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-498)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14)[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-499) Windows were smashed throughout the building, leaving the floor littered with glass and debris.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-curatorsscourt-500) Rioters damaged, turned over, or stole furniture.[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-curatorsscourt-500) One door had "Murder the Media" scribbled onto it in all-caps.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReutersIns-501) Rioters damaged Associated Press recording and broadcasting equipment outside the Capitol after chasing away reporters.[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-502) Rioters also destroyed a display honoring the life of congressman and [civil rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights "Civil rights") leader [John Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis "John Lewis").[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-503)[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-504) A photo of Representative [Andy Kim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kim_\(politician\) "Andy Kim (politician)") cleaning up the litter in the rotunda after midnight [went viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Went_viral "Went viral").[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-505)
The rioters caused extensive physical damage.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14) [Architect of the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol "Architect of the Capitol") [J. Brett Blanton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Brett_Blanton "J. Brett Blanton"), who then led the office charged with maintaining the Capitol and preserving its art and architecture, reported in congressional testimony from late February 2021 that the combined costs of repairing the damage and post-attack security measures (such as erecting temporary perimeter fencing) already exceeded \$30 million and would continue to increase.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16) In May 2021, U.S. prosecutors estimated that the damage would cost almost \$1.5 million.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-506) Interior damage from the attack included broken glass, broken doors, and [graffiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti "Graffiti"); some statues, paintings, and furniture were damaged by [pepper spray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray "Pepper spray"), tear gas, and fire extinguishing agents deployed by rioters and police.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16)
The historic bronze [Columbus Doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Doors "Columbus Doors") were damaged.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16)[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-507) Items, including portraits of [John Quincy Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams "John Quincy Adams") and [James Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison "James Madison"), as well as a [marble statue of Thomas Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Jefferson_\(David_d%27Angers\) "Statue of Thomas Jefferson (David d'Angers)"), were covered in "corrosive gas agent residue"; these were sent to the [Smithsonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution "Smithsonian Institution") for assessment and restoration.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Castronuovo-444) A 19th-century marble [bust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust_\(sculpture\) "Bust (sculpture)") of President [Zachary Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor "Zachary Taylor") was defaced with what seemed to be blood, but the most important works in the Capitol collection, such as the [John Trumbull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Trumbull "John Trumbull") paintings, were unharmed.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13)[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-curatorsscourt-500) On the Capitol's exterior, two 19th-century bronze light fixtures designed by [Frederick Law Olmsted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted "Frederick Law Olmsted") were damaged.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13) Because the Capitol has no [insurance against loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_insurance "Property insurance"), taxpayers will pay for damage suffered during the siege.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReutersIns-501) Rare [old-growth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth "Old-growth") mahogany wood, stored in Wisconsin for more than one hundred years by the [Forest Products Laboratory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Products_Laboratory "Forest Products Laboratory"), was used to replace damaged wood fixtures and doors at the Capitol.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-508)[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-509)
### Laptop theft and cybersecurity concerns
A laptop owned by Senator [Jeff Merkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Merkley "Jeff Merkley") was stolen.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-510) A laptop taken from Pelosi's office was a "laptop from a conference room ... that was only used for presentations", according to Pelosi's deputy chief of staff. After the thief, [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams"), was arrested, her house and car were searched by police but they were unable to recover the laptop.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15)[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-511) The device has not been found to this day.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-512) Representative [Ruben Gallego](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruben_Gallego "Ruben Gallego") said, "we have to do a full review of what was taken, or copied, or even left behind in terms of [bugs and listening devices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_listening_device "Covert listening device")".[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) Military news website *SOFREP* reported that "several" [secret](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States#Secret "Classified information in the United States")âlevel laptops were stolen, some of which had been abandoned while still logged in to [SIPRNet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIPRNet "SIPRNet"), causing authorities to temporarily shut down SIPRNet for a security update on January 7 and leading the [United States Army Special Operations Command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command "United States Army Special Operations Command") to re-authorize all SIPRNet-connected computers on January 8.[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-513)[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-514)
Representative [Anna Eshoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Eshoo "Anna Eshoo") said in a statement that "\[i\]mages on social media and in the press of vigilantes accessing congressional computers are worrying" and she had asked the [Chief Administrative Officer of the House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives") (CAO) "to conduct a full assessment of threats based on what transpired".[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-515) The CAO said it was "providing support and guidance to House offices as needed".[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15)
## Aftermath
### Political, legal, and social repercussions
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biden_oath_of_office.jpg)
Biden [being inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Inauguration of Joe Biden") president on January 20, 2021, despite the attack
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
Trump [returns to power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") on [January 20, 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump"). Hours later, he [granted clemency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") to all rioters.
These paragraphs are an excerpt from [Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack&action=edit)\]
The attack had political, legal, and social repercussions. The [second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump"), who was charged for incitement of [insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection "Insurrection") for his conduct, occurred on January 13. At the same time, [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States "Cabinet of the United States") officials were pressured to [invoke the 25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump#Invoking_the_25th_Amendment "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for removing Trump from office.[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-516) Trump was subsequently acquitted in the [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump"), which was held in February after Trump had already left office. The result was a 57â43 vote in favor of conviction, with every Democrat and seven Republicans voting to convict, but two-thirds of the Senate (67 votes) are required to convict.[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-517) Many in the Trump administration resigned. Several large companies[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Kevin_Miller-518) announced they were [halting all political donations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_that_halted_U.S._political_contributions_in_January_2021 "List of companies that halted U.S. political contributions in January 2021"), and others have suspended funding the [lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Caucus "Sedition Caucus").[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_suspension-519) A bill was introduced to form an [independent commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission"), similar to the [9/11 Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_Commission "9/11 Commission"), to investigate the events surrounding the attack; it passed the House but was blocked by Republicans in the Senate.[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Associated_Press-520) The House then approved a House "[select committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack")" to investigate the attack.[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-521) In June, the Senate released the results of its own investigation of the attack. The event led to strong [criticism of law enforcement agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Criticism_of_law_enforcement_agencies "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack"). Leading figures within the United States Capitol Police resigned.[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_SackChief2-522)[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_EarlierThanExpected-523) A [large-scale criminal investigation was undertaken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack"), with the FBI opening more than 1,200 case files. Federal law enforcement undertook a nationwide manhunt for the perpetrators, with [arrests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Specific_arrests_and_charges "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") and indictments following within days. Over 890 people had been found guilty of federal crimes.[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Capitol_arrests-524)
Trump was [suspended](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump#Banned_from_both_platforms "Social media use by Donald Trump") from various social media sites for his involvement in inciting the attack, at first temporarily and then [indefinitely](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump#Permanent_suspension "Twitter use by Donald Trump"). In response to posts by Trump supporters in favour of the attempts to overturn the election, the social networking site [Parler was shut down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parler#Shutdown_by_service_providers "Parler") by its service providers. [Corporate suspensions of other accounts and programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Corporate_suspensions_of_other_accounts_and_programs) associated with participating groups also took place.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ParlerGone-525)[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_FBremoves-526)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_TWsuspends-527)
The inauguration week was marked by [nationwide security concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests"). Unprecedented [security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden") were undertaken, including the deployment of 25,000 National Guard members. In May, the House passed a \$1.9 billion Capitol security bill in response to the attack.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Broadwater_2021-528)
In the days following the attack on the Capitol, Republican politicians in at least three states introduced legislation creating new prohibitions on protest activity.[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_interceptjan12-529)
Trump has publicly embraced and celebrated the January 6 Capitol attack.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTJan6Embrace-530) Trump and elected officials within the Republican Party have since promoted a [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spread conspiracy theories about the attack, called those charged "hostages" and portrayed them as martyrs.[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-540)
After being elected president in the [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") Donald Trump pardoned about 1,500 people convicted of offenses related to the attack on January 20, 2025.[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-541)
Within days of the attack on the Capitol, a significant number of corporations and political donors financially distanced themselves from [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"). The [Professional Golf Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Golfers%27_Association_of_America "Professional Golfers' Association of America") was one of the first major organizations to do so, announcing on January 11, 2021, that they would move their 2022 PGA Championship from Trump's club to New Jersey. [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank") and [Signature Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_Bank "Signature Bank") both announced that week that they would be cutting ties with Trump, with the latter closing two of Trump's personal bank accounts collectively worth \$5.3 million USD. [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") previously had contracts with the organization to run several properties but terminated them, a decision that [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") claimed was not within their right to do.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-542)
[Cushman & Wakefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield "Cushman & Wakefield"), one of the United States' largest [real estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate "Real estate") companies, cut ties with The Trump Organization in the week following the attack. The firm had previously worked with the organization on [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") and [the Trump Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40_Wall_Street "40 Wall Street"), two of the organization's most profitable assets.[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:1-543) It had also managed [leasing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lease "Lease") for several of the organization's properties, including Trump Tower.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544) Trump's nephew, [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III"), was asked to leave Cushman & Wakefield due to his familial ties with Trump.[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:1-543)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:3-545) Fred Trump III, while he had sued Trump along with his sister [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump") between 1999 and 2001 over the estate of [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump"), had not yet released his 2024 allegations against Trump and was not yet a vocal critic of him.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:3-545) At the time of being asked to leave, he was an executive director for the firm and had been working for there for nearly four years.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544)
A joint federal investigation known as the [Arctic Frost investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Frost_investigation "Arctic Frost investigation") was opened in April 2022 involving the FBI, DOJ Office of Inspector General, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, National Archives and Office of Inspector General into efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results.
The [117th Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress "117th United States Congress") passed and President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") signed legislation related to the Capitol attack, including the [Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021 "Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021"), the [Electoral Reform Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022 "Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022"), and a bill granting awards to Capitol Police officers for their bravery during the insurrection.[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Williams-546)
On August 1, 2023, [Fitch Ratings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitch_Ratings "Fitch Ratings") [downgraded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_credit-rating_downgrades "United States federal government credit-rating downgrades") the U.S. credit rating from AAA to AA+, making it the second time in U.S. history the government's credit rating was downgraded since [Standard & Poor's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_Global_Ratings "S&P Global Ratings") downgrade in 2011. Fitch Ratings directly cited the attack as a factor in its decision to downgrade, privately telling Biden officials that the event "indicated an unstable government". It also cited rising debt at the federal, state, and local levels, a "steady deterioration in standards of governance" over the last two decades, worsening political divisions around spending and tax policy, and "repeated debt limit standoffs and last-minute resolutions". Fitch Ratings did note in a previous report that while government stability declined from 2018 to 2021, it had increased since Biden assumed the presidency.[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-547)
On July 16, 2023, Trump was notified that he was officially a target in the [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation").[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-548) On August 1, 2023, Trump was [indicted on four charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"). These were [conspiracy to defraud the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_against_the_United_States "Conspiracy against the United States") under [Title 18 of the United States Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code "Title 18 of the United States Code"), [obstructing an official proceeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_an_official_proceeding "Obstructing an official proceeding") and conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding under the [SarbanesâOxley Act of 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act "SarbanesâOxley Act"), and [conspiracy against rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_against_rights "Conspiracy against rights") under the [Enforcement Act of 1870](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870 "Enforcement Act of 1870"). Trump pleaded not guilty,[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-549) while his attorney [Sidney Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Powell "Sidney Powell") later pleaded guilty to conspiring to interfere with the election.[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-550) Following Trump's reelection to the [presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") in November 2024, Smith filed a motion to dismiss the case without prejudice, citing the DOJ's policy of not prosecuting sitting presidents. Judge [Chutkan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Chutkan "Tanya Chutkan") approved the request and dismissed all charges. Smith submitted his final 137-page report to the Justice Department on January 7, 2025, and resigned three days later.[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:13-551)[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-552) The part of the report about election obstruction was made public on January 14. The part about the mishandling of government records was not released at the same time because it was related to an ongoing criminal case.[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-553)
Although a few evangelical leaders supported the attack,[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OlmsteadJan7-554) most condemned the violence and criticized Trump for inciting the crowd. This criticism came from liberal Christian groups such as the [Red-Letter Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians "Red-Letter Christians"), as well as evangelical groups who were generally supportive of Trump.[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OlmsteadJan7-554)[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-555) This criticism did not noticeably affect evangelical support for Trump; investigative journalist [Sarah Posner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Posner "Sarah Posner"), author of *Unholy: Why White Evangelicals Worship at the Altar of Donald Trump*, argued that many white evangelical Christians in the U.S. create an [echo chamber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_\(media\) "Echo chamber (media)") whereby Trump's missteps are blamed on the Democratic Party, leftists, or the [mainstream media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_media "Mainstream media"), the last of which [is viewed as especially untrustworthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_press "Lying press").[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-556)
In February 2025, during [Donald Trump's second presidential term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), *The Washington Post* reported that candidates for top intelligence and law enforcement positions were being screened with yes-or-no questions about whether January 6 was "an inside job" and whether the 2020 presidential election was "stolen".[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-557)
State-level legislation has been introduced in New York and passed in Maine and Nevada to preserve the history of the U.S. Capitol riot and counter what Nevada State Assemblymember [Steve Yeager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Yeager_\(politician\) "Steve Yeager (politician)") describes as "misinformation about Jan. 6".[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MacFarlane_11/9/2025-558)
On December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, who was suspected of placing pipe bombs at both the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C., on the eve of the January 6, 2021, attack, would be arrested by [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") agents in Virginia.[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-559)
On the fifth anniversary of the attack, the [second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_administration "Second Trump administration") published a website with a false telling of events, which *The Washington Post* described as a part of "Trumpâs years-long effort to reshape the narrative surrounding the day when a mob of his supporters violently overran the U.S. Capitol."[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-560)
### Domestic reactions
Donald Trump made another statement after the riot on January 7, 2021.
These paragraphs are an excerpt from [Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack&action=edit)\]
In the aftermath of the attack, after drawing widespread condemnation from the [U.S. Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Congress "U.S. Congress"), members of [his administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"), and the media, 45th [U.S. president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._President "U.S. President") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") released a video-recorded statement on January 7, reportedly to stop the resignations of his staff and the threats of impeachment or removal from office. In the statement, he condemned the violence at the [U.S. Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Capitol "U.S. Capitol"), saying that "a new administration will be inaugurated", which was widely seen as a concession, and his "focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly, and seamless transition of power" to the [Joe Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden_administration "Joe Biden administration").[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_24_hours_later-561) *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")* reported that Trump was at least partially convinced to make the statement by [U.S. senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Senator "U.S. Senator") [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") (R-SC), who told Trump a sufficient number of Senate Republicans would support removing him from office unless he conceded.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_peril-562) [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"), the [White House press secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary "White House Press Secretary"), had attempted to distance the administration from the rioters' behavior in a televised statement earlier in the day.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_distance_administration-563) On January 9, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reported that Trump had told [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") aides he regretted committing to an orderly transition of power and would never resign from office.[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTPIIPII-564) In a March 25 interview on [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News"), Trump defended the Capitol attackers, saying they were patriots who posed "zero threat", and he criticized law enforcement for "persecuting" the rioters.[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defends_rioters-565)
The [Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Joint Chiefs of Staff") issued a statement on January 12 condemning the attack and reminding military personnel everywhere that incoming president [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") was about to become their commander-in-chief, saying "... the rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition, and insurrection".[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_JointChiefs-566) The statement also said, "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic".[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-567)[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_officers_condemn-568) U.S. senator [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") ([R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")â[KY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky "Kentucky")), then the [Senate majority leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader "Senate Majority Leader"), called it a "failed insurrection",[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_smh-provoked-569)[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_cspan-mcconnell-insurrection-570) that "the mob was fed lies", and "they were provoked by the president and other powerful people".[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_smh-provoked-569) [Christopher Wray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray "Christopher A. Wray"), the director of the [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") (FBI) since 2017, later characterized the incident as [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States").[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-571)[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-572) President Biden, who described the rioters as "terrorists" aimed at "overturning the will of the American people" later shared this opinion.[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_aljazeera6august-573) In early 2021, the [RAND Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation "RAND Corporation") released a framework to reduce the risk of extremist activity in the U.S. military.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-574)
House speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") had the flags at the Capitol lowered to [half-staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-staff "Half-staff") in honor of [Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick"), a [United States Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") officer who died following the attacks.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-2021-01-09-haberman-schmidt-575)[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-576) Trump initially declined to lower flags at the White House or other federal buildings under his control, before changing his mind four days later.[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-577)[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-578)[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-579) Biden, [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence"), and Pelosi offered condolences to Sicknick's family; Trump did not.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-2021-01-09-haberman-schmidt-575)[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nbc-2021-01-11-fitzsimons-580) After Sicknick's death, Senator [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") ([R-TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas "Republican Party of Texas")) received backlash for previous speeches that were perceived as calls for violence.[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-581)
A survey by the Hobby School of Public Affairs at the [University of Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Houston "University of Houston") taken January 12â20 showed that nearly a third (32%) of Texas Republicans supported the attack, although overall 83% of all Texans who expressed an opinion were opposed to it.[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-582) In a poll of Americans just after the attack, 79% of those surveyed said America is "[falling apart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_decline "American decline")".[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_axios_Republicans_and-583)[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_theh_4_in_5_say-584) In February 2022, the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") called the events of January 6 "legitimate political discourse".[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-585)
The US art world reacted through the chronicling of the day as well as the creation of new work. Starting January 7, 2021, the [Smithsonian Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Museum "Smithsonian Museum") enacted its "rapid-response protocol" to gather rally signs, posters, flags, and weapons abandoned on the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") and began work on a digital arts exhibit.[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-586) Visual artist [Paul Chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chan_\(artist\) "Paul Chan (artist)") created his "A drawing as a recording of an insurrection", a 163-inch (4.1 m) double-sided drawing[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-587) exhibited at the [Greene Naftali Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greene_Naftali_Gallery "Greene Naftali Gallery") in New York.[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-588) In December 2022, [literary press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English-language_literary_presses "List of English-language literary presses") [Whiskey Tit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Tit_Press "Whiskey Tit Press") released *[Tell Me What You See](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Me_What_You_See_\(2022_book\) "Tell Me What You See (2022 book)")*, the first fiction published about the attack.[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-589) At the one-year anniversary, One Six Comics published graphic novel series *1/6*[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-590) with an accompanying education and action guide by the Western States Center.[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-591) *The Society of Classical Poets* website posted various poems about the day,[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-592) including one glorifying deceased rioter [Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt").[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-593)
Biden, Harris, civil rights groups and celebrities immediately criticized the Capitol Police for a perceived "double standard" in the treatment of the protesters and rioters, who were mostly white. Biden stated, "No one can tell me that if it had been a group of Black Lives Matter protesting yesterday they wouldn't have been treated very, very differently than the mob of thugs that stormed the Capitol. We all know that's true and it is unacceptable". Harris stated, "We witnessed two systems of justice when we saw one that let extremists storm the United States Capitol and another that released tear gas on peaceful protestors ([Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter")) last summer".[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-594) [Michelle Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama "Michelle Obama") wrote, "Yesterday made it painfully clear that certain Americans are, in fact, allowed to denigrate the flag and symbols of our nation. They've just got to look the right way".[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-595)[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-596) Capitol Police chief Steven Sund, who later resigned, explained they had prepared for a peaceful protest but were overwhelmed by an "angry, violent mob".[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-597) Later in the year, at a White House ceremony to thank officers who responded to the attack that day, Biden and Harris congratulated the police on their response, calling them "heroes".[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-598)[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-599)
### International reactions
These paragraphs are an excerpt from [International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack&action=edit)\]
More than seventy countries and international organizations expressed their concerns over the attack and condemned the violence, with some specifically condemning President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s own role in inciting the attack.[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-600)[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_:4tao-601) Foreign leaders, diplomats, politicians, and institutions expressed shock, outrage, and condemnation of the events.[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_:0-602)[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-603) Multiple world leaders made a call for peace, describing the assault as "an attack on democracy".[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-604) The leaders of some countries, including [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil "Brazil"), [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland "Poland"), and [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary "Hungary"), declined to condemn the situation, and described it as an internal U.S. affair.[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-605)
As early as January 2021, a few European security officials described the events as an attempted coup.[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-606)
### 14th Amendment disqualification
Main article: [2024 presidential eligibility of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "2024 presidential eligibility of Donald Trump")
In late 2022 Trump [announced his candidacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") for the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"). Some legal scholars argued that Trump should be [barred from presidential office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "2024 presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") under [section 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_3:_Disqualification_from_office_for_insurrection_or_rebellion "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution") of the [Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution") because of his apparent support for the attack.[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-607) Three states, [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine "Maine"), [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"), and [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois "Illinois"), issued rulings to disqualify Trump from appearing on election ballots, with Trump appealing in *[Trump v. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson "Trump v. Anderson")*. The [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States") unanimously ruled on March 4, 2024, that states could not remove Trump from the ballot.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politicoMarch4-20) Following [Biden's withdrawal from the race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election") in July, Trump ultimately defeated Kamala Harris the election in November, being [inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") for a [second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025, with [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") as his vice president.
Other public officials involved in the January 6 attack have also faced disqualification under the Fourteenth Amendment. [Otero County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otero_County,_New_Mexico "Otero County, New Mexico"), New Mexico, commissioner [Couy Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couy_Griffin "Couy Griffin") was disqualified and removed from office while Congressional representative [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene") survived a similar challenge.[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-608)
### SarbanesâOxley Act prosecutions
Over 350 defendants, including Trump, were charged with obstructing an official proceeding under the 2002 [Sarbanes-Oxley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbanes-Oxley_Act "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"). Prior to the January 6 prosecutions, such charges had never been brought in cases that did not involve evidence tampering. In *[Fischer v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_v._United_States_\(2024\) "Fischer v. United States (2024)")*, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6â3 on non-ideological lines in favor of defendant Joseph Fischer and found that the obstruction charges in the case were overbroad, as they did not apply to evidence tampering, although charges against Trump could potentially proceed.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hillsox-609)[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-610)[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-611) Soon after the ruling, other January 6 criminal cases were reopened to adhere to the *Fischer* ruling and further usage of obstruction charges against January 6 defendants was stopped.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hillsox-609)[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nytsox-612)
In 2025, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia initiated an internal review of its prosecutions of January 6 defendants under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-613)[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nytsox-612)
### 2025 pardons and commutations
Main article: [Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_signing_executive_orders_\(01\).jpg)
On January 20, 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump signed executive order granting pardons and commutations to over 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 attack.
On January 20, 2025, on his last day in office, U.S. president Joe Biden granted pardons to all members of the [House Select Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") that had investigated the January 6 attack, as well as their staff and the officers who testified.[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-614) Later that day, on the first day of [his second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), U.S. president Donald Trump issued a proclamation granting [clemency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon "Pardon") to approximately 1,200 individuals convicted for their involvement in the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, and dismissing the cases of the remaining approximately 300 charged individuals. The pardon extended to those charged with vandalism and assaults on law enforcement officers, including members of the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") and the [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers").[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21) Following the pardons, Trump ordered the DOJ to purge previously published press releases about the arrests and convictions of those pardoned.[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-615) Soon after, video evidence of the attack likewise began being purged from government databases.[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-616)
## Analysis and terminology
See also: [Description of the attempts to overturn the election as an attempted coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Description_as_attempted_coup_during_or_after_the_Capitol_attack "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election")
This section is an excerpt from [Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack § Contemporary analysis and terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Contemporary_analysis_and_terminology "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack&action=edit)\]
A week following the attack, journalists were searching for an appropriate word to describe the event.[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-617) According to the Associated Press, U.S. media outlets first described the developments on January 6 as "a rally or protest", but as the events of the day escalated and further reporting and images emerged, the descriptions shifted to "an assault, a riot, an insurrection, domestic terrorism or even a [coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat") attempt".[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Bauder-618) It was variably observed that the media outlets were settling on the terms "riot" and "insurrection".[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Bauder-618)[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-619) According to [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"), "By definition, 'insurrection', and its derivative, 'insurgency', are accurate. 'Riot' and 'mob' are equally correct. While these words are not interchangeable, they are all suitable when describing Jan. 6."[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-620) *The New York Times* assessed the event as having brought the United States "hours away from a full-blown constitutional crisis".[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-621) [Brian Stelter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Stelter "Brian Stelter") in *CNN Business* wrote that the events of the Capitol attack "will be remembered as an act of domestic terrorism against the United States".[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-622)
The attack was widely described as an attempted [coup d'Ă©tat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat")[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-623)[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-624)[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_coup_d-625) or [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup").[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ProvostHarvey-626)[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Self-coup_journal-627)[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-628) Federal judge [David Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Carter "David O. Carter") described Trump's actions as "a coup in search of a legal theory".[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Broadwater_Feuer_Haberman_3/28/2022-629) [Naunihal Singh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naunihal_Singh_\(academic\) "Naunihal Singh (academic)") of the U.S. [Naval War College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_War_College "Naval War College"), and author of *Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups*, wrote that the attack on the Capitol was "an insurrection, a violent uprising against the government" and "sedition", but not a coup because Trump did not order the military "to seize power on his behalf".[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_wRwC4-630)[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_6OT6q-631) The Coup D'Ă©tat Project of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the [University of Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois "University of Illinois"), which tracks coups and coup attempts globally, classified the attack as an "attempted dissident coup", defined as an unsuccessful coup attempt "initiated by a small group of discontents" such as "ex-military leaders, religious leaders, former government leaders, members of a legislature/parliament, and civilians \[but not police or the military\]". The Cline Center said the "organized, illegal attempt to intervene in the presidential transition" by displacing Congress met this definition.[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterCNN-632)[\[612\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterStmt-633) Some political scientists identified the attack as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup"), in which the [head of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government "Head of government") attempts to strong-arm the other branches of government to entrench power.[\[613\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_UiQHf-634) Academic [Fiona Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiona_Hill_\(presidential_advisor\) "Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)"), a former member of Trump's [National Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._National_Security_Council "U.S. National Security Council"), described the attack, and Trump's actions in the months leading up to it, as an attempted self-coup.[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_IDgK3-635)
The FBI classified the attack as domestic terrorism.[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_GHvJC-636)[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_L4naB-637) At the Senate Judiciary Committee meeting on March 2, 2021, Wray testified:
> I was appalled, like you, at the violence and destruction that we saw that day. I was appalled that you, our country's elected leaders, were victimized right here in these very halls. That attack, that siege was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism. It's got no place in our democracy and tolerating it would make a mockery of our nation's rule of law.[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-638)[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-639)
The [Congressional Research Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service "Congressional Research Service") also concluded that the attack met the federal definition of domestic terrorism.[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_RA0uX-640)[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_uIhHG-641) Republican senator [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") characterized it as terrorism at least eighteen times over the ensuing year, though he was among the Senate Republicans who blocked a bipartisan [January 6 commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") to investigate it.[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-642)[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-643)
On January 4, 2021, Steve Bannon, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on January 6 at The Ellipse, described it as a "bloodless coup".[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_7/15/2022-88)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Peltz_10/29/2021-89)
A March 2023 poll found that 20.5 percent of respondents believed that violence to achieve a political goal is sometimes justified. Nearly 12 percent expressed their willingness to use force to restore Trump to power.[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-644) A June 2023 poll found that about 12 million American adults, or 4.4 percent of the adult population, believed violence is justified in returning Trump to the White House.[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-645)
### Historians' perspectives
For broader coverage of this topic, see [Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_violent_incidents_at_the_United_States_Capitol "Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol").
See also: [List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_political_violence_in_Washington,_D.C. "List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C."); [List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States "List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States"); [List of rebellions in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rebellions_in_the_United_States "List of rebellions in the United States"); and [List of attacks on legislatures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_legislatures "List of attacks on legislatures")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20210106_Plaque_honoring_protectors_of_US_Capitol_on_January_6.jpg)
A commemorative plaque[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2026_PlaqueForJanuary6-646) honoring those who protected the US Capitol on January 6 sat for years out of sight in the Capitol basement, surrounded by maintenance equipment.[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647) A 2022 law mandating the plaque stated it must be placed "at a permanent location on the western front".[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647) In March 2026, more than five years after the attack, it was placed on a wall inside the Capitol, in an area closed to all tours and accessible by visitors only if they are escorted.[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647)
While there have been other instances of violence at the Capitol in the 19th and 20th centuries, this event was the most severe assault on the building since the 1814 [burning of Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington "Burning of Washington") by [British](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") forces during the [War of 1812](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812 "War of 1812"). The last attempt on the life of the vice president was a bomb plot against [Thomas Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall "Thomas R. Marshall") in July 1915.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-648) For the first time in U.S. history, a Confederate battle flag was flown inside the Capitol. The [Confederate States Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army "Confederate States Army") had never reached the Capitol, nor come closer than 6 miles (10 km) from the Capitol at the [Battle of Fort Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stevens "Battle of Fort Stevens"), during the [American Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War "American Civil War").[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-list2-426)[\[v\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-651)
[Douglas Brinkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley "Douglas Brinkley"), a historian at [Rice University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_University "Rice University"),[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-652) remarked on how January 6 would be remembered in [American history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States "History of the United States"): "Now every Jan. 6, we're going to have to remember what happened... I worry if we lose the date that it will lose some of its wallop over time". He also wrote about Trump's responsibility during the attack: "There are always going to be puzzle pieces added to what occurred on January 6, because the president of the United States was sitting there watching this on television in the White House, as we all know, allowing it to go on and on".[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-653)
On the first anniversary of the attack, historians [Doris Kearns Goodwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwin "Doris Kearns Goodwin") and [Jon Meacham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Meacham "Jon Meacham") warned that the U.S. remained at "a crucial turning point". Meacham commented, "What you saw a year ago today was the worst instincts of both human nature and American politics and it's either a step on the way to the abyss or it is a call to arms figuratively for citizens to engage".[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-654)
[Robert Paxton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Paxton "Robert Paxton") considered the attack to be evidence that Trump's movement was an example of [fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism "Fascism"), a characterization that Paxton had resisted up to that point. Paxton compared the event to the French [6 February 1934 crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis "6 February 1934 crisis").[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-655)
[Richard J. Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Evans "Richard J. Evans") said that it was not a coup, but that it did represent a danger to democracy in the U.S.[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-656)
Other scholars expressed concern about how history would portray the attack and its aftermath.[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-657) [Larry Sabato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sabato "Larry Sabato"), director of the University of Virginia's Center for Politics, stated that reframing the insurrection as a "sightseeing tour" by the GOP has given "the far-right extremists, the neo-Nazi white supremacists who are obsessed with January 6, the counter reality they've been looking for of a bunch of patriots taking a tour in the Capitol".[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-658)
A [memorial plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_plaque "Memorial plaque") honoring Capitol police officers who were injured that day was installed at 4 a.m. on Saturday morning March 7, 2026.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-659)[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-660)
## See also
- [1983 United States Senate bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_United_States_Senate_bombing "1983 United States Senate bombing") â Terror attack in Washington, DC, US
- [Brooks Brothers riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot "Brooks Brothers riot") â 2000 U.S. political demonstration
- [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States")
- [Demonstrations in support of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrations_in_support_of_Donald_Trump "Demonstrations in support of Donald Trump")
- *[Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enough_\(book\) "Enough (book)")* â A memoir by Cassidy Hutchinson
- [Newburgh Conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy "Newburgh Conspiracy") â 1783 planned military coup in the U.S.
- [Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election")
- [Protests against Donald Trump's presidential inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Presidential_inauguration "Protests against Donald Trump")
- [Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election "Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election")
- [Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud")
- [Right-wing terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism "Right-wing terrorism") â Form of terrorism motivated by right-wing or far-right beliefs
- [United Airlines Flight 93](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93 "United Airlines Flight 93") â A hijacked plane intended to be flown into the U.S. Capitol
- [Wilmington massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington_massacre "Wilmington massacre") â 1898. A municipal-level coup d'Ă©tat took place in Wilmington, NC that has been described as "America's Only Coup D'Ătat" & "The Lost History of an American Coup D'Ătat"
## Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-9)** See *[Casualties and suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Casualties_and_suicides)* section for a full set of details.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-32)** [1 dead from a stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick"),[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) [4 officers died by suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Suicides "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") within seven months of the attack[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-36)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-34)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Capitol_arrests-35)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-annotated-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Wilner-19)
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-42)** The coroner listed the manner of Sicknick's death as "natural", defined as a term "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural." The coroner also stated that "All that transpired played a role in his condition". The coroner said there was no "evidence of internal or external injuries".
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-59)** Pelosi offered a committee makeup of seven Democrats and six Republicans; however House Minority Leader [Kevin McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy "Kevin McCarthy") refused to appoint any Republicans unless they included some who had voted to overturn Electoral College results.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-84)**
Multiple notes:
- [Amy Kremer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Kremer "Amy Kremer") of [Women for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_for_Trump "Women for Trump") had been granted a permit the day prior.
- Other organizations taking part in the event included: Black Conservatives Fund, Eighty Percent Coalition, Moms For America, Peaceably Gather, Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, Rule of Law Defense Fund, Stop The Steal, [Turning Point Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Point_Action "Turning Point Action"), [Tea Party Patriots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots "Tea Party Patriots"), Women For America First, and Wildprotest.com.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-94)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-91)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-92)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-93)
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-107)** In 2019, [Kara Swisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Swisher "Kara Swisher") speculated Trump might encourage supporters to "rise up in armed insurrection to keep him in office".
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-172)** A week later, he retired.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-171)
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-241)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-day_of_rage-239)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-240)
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-271)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-267)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_senate_evacuation_timeline-269)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270)
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-283)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Reporter_inside_Capitol_describes-257)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:9-279)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WQOW_2021-01-06-280)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-281)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-282)
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-377)** Before the demonstrators entered the building, activist [Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley") called out for them to pause and join him in prayer.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MilitantChristian-376)
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-419)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-IsraeliJournalist-417)[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Watchlist-378)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22)[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-418)
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-423)** The group is more radical than other [patriot movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_movement "Patriot movement") groups who attended the rally. "NSC members consider themselves soldiers fighting a war against a hostile, Jewish-controlled system that is deliberately plotting the [extinction of the white race.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory "White genocide conspiracy theory")" states the [ADL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League "Anti-Defamation League").[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-422)
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-429)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6_miles-425)[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-427)[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-428)
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-438)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-433)[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-434)[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rabinowitz-435)[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HarrisburgPleas-436)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shoaib-437)
18. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-445)** Witnesses reported seeing the national flags of Cuba, Romania, India, Israel, [South Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam "South Vietnam"), Australia, Japan, Iran, Georgia, South Korea, Tonga, Mexico, Canada, and the United States (including an upside-down version); a [U.S. Marines flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps"); the flag of the fictional country of "[Kekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekistan "Kekistan")"; Trump campaign flags such as "Release the [Kraken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken "Kraken")", Second Amendment and America First flags; Pine tree, III Percenters and [VDARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDARE "VDARE") flags; altered versions of confederate, Gadsden, state, national and [Gay Pride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Trump "Gays for Trump") flags; as well as old American and Army flags such as the Betsy Ross flag, Irish Brigade flags, and others.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-443)[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Castronuovo-444)
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-479)** Some media reports have described Babbitt as "unarmed" at the time of the shooting;[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcbyrd-474)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-475) however, according to a January 11, 2021, crime scene examination report by the D.C. Department of Forensic Sciences, the police "recovered a 'Para Force' folding knife in Ms. Babbitt's pants pocket" after she was shot.[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-476)[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-477)[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-478)
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-496)** Only sporadic instances of injured rioters have been publicly recorded;[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-495) injuries in general (such as a total number) among this group have not.
21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-540)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTJan6Embrace-530)[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:1-531)[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:2-532)[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:3-533)[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-534)[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-535)[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-536)[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-537)[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-538)[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-539)
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-651)**
However, from 1894 to 2020, the [flag of Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mississippi "Flag of Mississippi") contained a Confederate battle flag in its design and had been displayed in the Capitol building.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-649)
The flag was carried during the attack by [Kevin Seefried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Seefried "Kevin Seefried"), who traveled from his home in Delaware to hear Trump speak, bringing the flag he had displayed outside his house. Seefried and his son, who helped clear a broken window for them to gain access into the Capitol, were indicted by a grand jury.[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-650)
## References
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-1)**
Doherty, Erin; GonzĂĄlez, Oriana (January 6, 2022). ["In photos: An hour-by-hour record of the Jan. 6 Capitol riot"](https://www.axios.com/2022/01/06/capitol-riot-january-6-anniversary). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220106175028/https://www.axios.com/capitol-riot-january-6-anniversary-c61435e4-f4c4-4f5a-b6d1-9c463ac7eed2.html) from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-NYTrioteranalysis_2-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-NYTrioteranalysis_2-1)
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5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-5)**
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Paybarah, Azi; Lewis, Brent (January 7, 2021). ["Stunning Images as a Mob Storms the U.S. Capitol"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/trump-riot-dc-capitol-photos.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020712/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/trump-riot-dc-capitol-photos.html) from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-List1_22-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-List1_22-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-List1_22-2)
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Murphy, Fran (January 6, 2024). ["3 Years Later, Members of County Police Discuss Their Role in Defending the Capitol on January 6"](https://www.mymcmedia.org/3-years-later-members-of-county-police-discuss-their-role-in-defending-the-capitol-on-january-6/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240706084303/https://www.mymcmedia.org/3-years-later-members-of-county-police-discuss-their-role-in-defending-the-capitol-on-january-6/) from the original on July 6, 2024. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
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24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-25)**
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25. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-26)**
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Breuninger, Kevin (April 19, 2021). ["Officer Brian Sicknick died of natural causes day after Capitol invasion, medical examiner rules"](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/19/brian-sicknick-died-of-natural-causes-after-capitol-riot-medical-examiner-rules.html). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210419211528/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/19/brian-sicknick-died-of-natural-causes-after-capitol-riot-medical-examiner-rules.html) from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
28. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-29)**
McEvoy, Jemima (January 8, 2021). ["These Are The Five People Who Died Amid The Capitol Riot"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/01/08/woman-possibly-crushed-to-death-these-are-the-five-people-who-died-amid-pro-trump-riots/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210220160313/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/01/08/woman-possibly-crushed-to-death-these-are-the-five-people-who-died-amid-pro-trump-riots/) from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
29. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Massimo_2021-04-19_30-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Massimo_2021-04-19_30-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Massimo_2021-04-19_30-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Massimo_2021-04-19_30-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Massimo_2021-04-19_30-4)
Massimo, Nick (April 19, 2021). ["Medical examiner: Capitol Police officer Sicknick died of stroke; death ruled 'natural'"](https://wtop.com/dc/2021/04/medical-examiner-capitol-police-officer-sicknick-died-of-stroke-death-ruled-natural/). Washington, D.C.: [WTOP-FM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTOP-FM "WTOP-FM"). [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060028/https://wtop.com/dc/2021/04/medical-examiner-capitol-police-officer-sicknick-died-of-stroke-death-ruled-natural/) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
30. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Rwolfe_31-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Rwolfe_31-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Rwolfe_31-2)
Wolfe, Jan (August 2, 2021). ["Four officers who responded to U.S. Capitol attack have died by suicide"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/officer-who-responded-us-capitol-attack-is-third-die-by-suicide-2021-08-02/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220404160950/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/officer-who-responded-us-capitol-attack-is-third-die-by-suicide-2021-08-02/) from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
31. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-AJCTwoSuspended_33-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-AJCTwoSuspended_33-1)
ArLuther Lee (January 11, 2021). ["2 Capitol Hill police officers suspended over riot"](https://www.ajc.com/news/breaking-2-capitol-hill-police-officers-suspended-over-riot/XHWWHNA7EZHSNF32QREJROESQI/). *Atlanta Journal-Constitution*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210114183812/https://www.ajc.com/news/breaking-2-capitol-hill-police-officers-suspended-over-riot/XHWWHNA7EZHSNF32QREJROESQI/) from the original on January 14, 2021.
32. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-34)**
["California Man Pleads Guilty to Felony Charge for Actions During Jan. 6 Capitol Breach"](https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/california-man-pleads-guilty-felony-charge-actions-during-jan-6-capitol-breach-3). *U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Columbia* (Press release). July 8, 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240714035659/https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/california-man-pleads-guilty-felony-charge-actions-during-jan-6-capitol-breach-3) from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved July 14, 2024. "In the 41 months since Jan. 6, 2021, more than 1,450 individuals have been charged in nearly all 50 states for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol, including more than 500 individuals charged with assaulting or impeding law enforcement, a felony. The investigation remains ongoing."
33. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Capitol_arrests_35-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Capitol_arrests_35-1)
Sforza, Lauren (August 10, 2023). ["Number of people charged in Jan. 6 rioting surpasses 1,100"](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/4147038-number-of-people-charged-in-jan-6-rioting-surpasses-1100/). *[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230814081640/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/4147038-number-of-people-charged-in-jan-6-rioting-surpasses-1100/) from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
34. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0)**
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35. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-38)**
["January 6 Hearing Day 7: Donald Trump Summoned a Mob"](https://www.americanprogress.org/article/january-6-hearing-day-7-donald-trump-summoned-a-mob/). *Center for American Progress*. July 13, 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231031212518/https://www.americanprogress.org/article/january-6-hearing-day-7-donald-trump-summoned-a-mob/) from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
36. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Multiple_Sources_39-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Multiple_Sources_39-1)
- Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). *Donald Trump in Historical Perspective*. New York: Routledge. p. 3. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4324/9781003110361-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-003-11036-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1 "Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1")
. "As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results."
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37. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-40)**
Bash, Dana; Tapper, Jake; Herb, Jeremy (June 10, 2022). ["January 6 Vice Chair Cheney said Trump had a 'seven-part plan' to overturn the election. Here's what she meant"](https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/09/politics/jan-6-hearing-cheney-trump-overturn-election-plan/index.html). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220615071813/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/09/politics/jan-6-hearing-cheney-trump-overturn-election-plan/index.html) from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
38. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-41)**
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39. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-transpired_43-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-transpired_43-1)
Wishwanatha, Aruna (April 21, 2021). ["Officer Brian Sicknick: What We Know About His Death"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/officer-brian-sicknick-what-we-know-about-his-death-11619010119). *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210421140432/https://www.wsj.com/articles/officer-brian-sicknick-what-we-know-about-his-death-11619010119) from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
40. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-44)**
["24 Months Since the Jan. 6 Attack on the Capitol"](https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/24-months-january-6-attack-capitol). *[United States Attorney for the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_for_the_District_of_Columbia "United States Attorney for the District of Columbia")*. February 15, 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230104184551/https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/24-months-january-6-attack-capitol) from the original on January 4, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
41. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-45)**
Multiple sources:
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42. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-46)**
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43. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-3)
Video\* "How the Proud Boys led the assault â and who was in the pro-Trump mob", in:
Zurcher, Anthony (February 13, 2021). ["Trump impeachment trial: What verdict means for Trump, Biden and America"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56057849). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210217032721/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56057849) from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
\*\[video has been removed for 'rights reasons' \]
44. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-48)**
Multiple sources:
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45. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-NPR1_49-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-NPR1_49-1)
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46. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-WaPo2_50-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-WaPo2_50-1)
Bennet, Dalton; Brown, Emma; Cahlan, Sarah; Sohuyn Lee, Joyce; Kelly, Meg; Samuels, Elyse; Swaine, Jon (January 16, 2021). ["41 minutes of fear: A video timeline from inside the Capitol siege"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210504025143/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/) from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
47. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-BarrettEtAl_51-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-BarrettEtAl_51-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-BarrettEtAl_51-2)
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48. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-52)**
"Vandalized":
- Jackman, Tom (January 7, 2021). ["FBI appeals for information from public on Capitol rioters"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/01/06/dc-protests-trump-rally-live-updates/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [2269358](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2269358). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210106194011/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/01/06/dc-protests-trump-rally-live-updates/) from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
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"Looted":
- Daly, Matthew; Balsamo, Michael (January 8, 2021). ["Deadly siege focuses attention on Capitol Police"](https://apnews.com/article/capitol-police-death-brian-sicknick-46933a828d7b12de7e3d5620a8a04583). [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210108232040/https://apnews.com/article/capitol-police-death-brian-sicknick-46933a828d7b12de7e3d5620a8a04583) from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
49. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-53)**
Multiple sources:
- Landale, James (January 7, 2021). ["Capitol siege: Trump's words 'directly led' to violence, Patel says"](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-55571482). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020736/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-55571482) from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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50. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-54)**
Multiple sources:
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*Eastman v Thompson, et al.*
, [8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260](https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf), 44 (S.D. Cal. May 28, 2022) ("Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower â it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.").
603. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-624)**
Eisen, Norman; Ayer, Donald; Perry, Joshua; Bookbinder, Noah; Perry, E. Danya (June 6, 2022). [Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality](https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/) (Report). Brookings Institution. Retrieved December 16, 2023. "\[Trump\] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to â in his own words â "overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021 â an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup."
604. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_coup_d_625-0)**
- Graham, David A. (January 6, 2021). ["This Is a Coup"](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/). *[The Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/) from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
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- Barry, Dan; Frenkel, Sheera (January 7, 2021). ["'Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html) from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- Duignan, Brian (August 4, 2021). ["January 6 U.S. Capitol attack"](https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack). *[EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica "EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack) from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2021. "Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'Ă©tat."
605. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ProvostHarvey_626-0)**
Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). *Donald Trump in Historical Perspective*. New York: Routledge. p. 3. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4324/9781003110361-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-003-11036-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1 "Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1")
. "As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results."
606. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Self-coup_journal_627-0)**
Pion-Berlin, David; Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. Jr. (2022). ["The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civilâmilitary relations"](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13). *Government and Opposition*. **58** (4): 789â806\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1017/gov.2022.13](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1477-7053](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-7053). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [248033246](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248033246).
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Castañeda, Ernesto; Jenks, Daniel (2023). Costa, Bruno Ferreira; Parton, Nigel (eds.). ["January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States"](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238). *Social Sciences*. **12** (4): 238. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.3390/socsci12040238](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2076-0760](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-0760). "What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power."
608. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Broadwater_Feuer_Haberman_3/28/2022_629-0)**
Luke Broadwater; Alan Feuer; Maggie Haberman (March 28, 2022). ["Federal Judge Finds Trump Most Likely Committed Crimes Over 2020 Election"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/28/us/politics/trump-election-crimes.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
609. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_wRwC4_630-0)**
Singh, Naunihal (January 7, 2021). ["It Wasn't Strictly a Coup Attempt. But It's Not Over, Either"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/world/americas/what-is-a-coup-attempt.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210228155919/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/world/americas/what-is-a-coup-attempt.html) from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
610. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_6OT6q_631-0)**
David, Fickling (January 7, 2021). ["This Was No Coup. But It Comes Far Too Close: A Q\&A with Naunihal Singh, an assistant professor at the U.S. Naval War College, who wrote a book on attempts to overthrow governments"](https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-07/storming-of-capitol-wasn-t-a-coup-it-was-an-insurrection). *Bloomberg*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210107153343/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-07/storming-of-capitol-wasn-t-a-coup-it-was-an-insurrection) from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
611. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterCNN_632-0)**
McLaughlin, Eliott C. (February 3, 2021). ["With coup label, Capitol rioters join communist party in plotting against USA, university project says"](https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/03/us/capitol-coup-attempt-communists-white-supremacists/index.html). CNN. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210204195822/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/03/us/capitol-coup-attempt-communists-white-supremacists/index.html) from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
612. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterStmt_633-0)**
["It Was an Attempted Coup: The Cline Center's Coup D'Ă©tat Project Categorizes the January 6, 2021 Assault on the US Capitol"](https://clinecenter.illinois.edu/coup-detat-project-cdp/statement_jan.27.2021). Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210204105008/https://clinecenter.illinois.edu/coup-detat-project-cdp/statement_jan.27.2021) from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
613. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_UiQHf_634-0)**
Ingraham, Christopher (January 13, 2021). ["How experts define the deadly mob attack at the U.S. Capitol"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/13/autogolpe-self-coup-capitol/). *The Washington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210127080308/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/13/autogolpe-self-coup-capitol/) from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
614. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_IDgK3_635-0)**
Hill, Fiona (January 11, 2021). ["Yes, It Was a Coup Attempt. Here's Why"](https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/01/11/capitol-riot-self-coup-trump-fiona-hill-457549). *Politico*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210201225033/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/01/11/capitol-riot-self-coup-trump-fiona-hill-457549) from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
615. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_GHvJC_636-0)**
Eric Tucker; Mary Clare Jalonick (March 2, 2021). ["FBI chief warns violent 'domestic terrorism' growing in US"](https://apnews.com/article/fbi-chris-wray-testify-capitol-riot-9a5539af34b15338bb5c4923907eeb67). Associated Press. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210304080842/https://apnews.com/article/fbi-chris-wray-testify-capitol-riot-9a5539af34b15338bb5c4923907eeb67) from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021. "FBI Director Christopher Wray bluntly labeled the January riot at the U.S. Capitol as 'domestic terrorism' Tuesday and warned of a rapidly growing threat of homegrown violent extremism that law enforcement is scrambling to confront through thousands of investigations."
616. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_L4naB_637-0)**
Rebecca Beitsch (March 2, 2021). ["Wray: FBI deemed Jan. 6 attack domestic terrorism"](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/541185-wray-fbi-deemed-jan-6-attack-domestic-terrorism). *The Hill*. "That attack, that siege, was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism ..."
617. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-638)**
Cohen, Zachary; Polantz, Katelyn; Carrega, Christina (March 2, 2021). ["FBI Director Wray knocks down conspiracy theory that January 6 rioters were 'fake Trump protesters'"](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/02/politics/fbi-director-chris-wray-january-6-riot-hearing/index.html). CNN. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
618. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-639)**
["Watch Live: FBI chief Wray testifies on agency oversight of Jan. 6 Capitol attack"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNNLvzIT6kU) (video). PBS NewsHour. March 2, 2021. Testimony given at 24:51. Retrieved January 6, 2023 â via YouTube.
619. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_RA0uX_640-0)**
Lisa N. Sacco (January 13, 2021). ["Domestic Terrorism and the Attack on the U.S. Capitol"](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11573). Congressional Research Service. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210126202252/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11573) from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
620. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_uIhHG_641-0)**
Ken Dilanian (February 5, 2021). ["Biden may have trouble cracking down on domestic terrorism because of free speech and the FBI"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/biden-may-have-trouble-cracking-down-domestic-terrorism-because-free-n1256727). NBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210301091638/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/biden-may-have-trouble-cracking-down-domestic-terrorism-because-free-n1256727) from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021. "The attack on the Capitol fits the legal definition of domestic terrorism, the Congressional Research Service and others have concluded."
621. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-642)**
Dale, Daniel (January 7, 2022). ["'Sloppy' wording this week? Ted Cruz actually called the Capitol assault a terrorist attack at least 17 previous times"](https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/07/politics/fact-check-ted-cruz-capitol-terrorist-attack/index.html). CNN.
622. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-643)**
Stevenson, Peter W.; Blanco, Adrian; Santamariña, Daniela (May 21, 2021). ["Which senators supported a Jan. 6 Capitol riot commission"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/january6-commission-senators-vote/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
623. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-644)**
Mockaitis, Tom (March 17, 2023). ["Contemporary America is modeling the worst of Depression-era Germany"](https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/3905112-contemporary-america-is-modeling-the-worst-of-depression-era-germany/). *The Hill*. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
624. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-645)**
Lerner, Kira (June 9, 2023). ["12m Americans believe violence is justified to restore Trump to power"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/09/january-6-trump-political-violence-survey). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
625. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-2026_PlaqueForJanuary6_646-0)**
["January 6 Plaque"](https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/january-6-plaque). *aoc.gov*. Architect of the Capitol. March 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260311000903/https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/january-6-plaque) from the original on March 11, 2026.
626. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-WashPost_20260311_647-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-WashPost_20260311_647-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-WashPost_20260311_647-2)
George, Olivia (March 11, 2026). ["Police say Jan. 6 plaque is unlawfully hidden from public at U.S. Capitol"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/03/11/january-6-plaque-capitol-police-lawsuit/). *The Washington Post*.
627. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-648)**
Multiple sources:
- Holpuch, Amanda (January 6, 2021). ["US Capitol's last breach was more than 200 years ago"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/06/us-capitol-building-washington-history-breach). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210111021347/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/06/us-capitol-building-washington-history-breach) from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. "For the first time on Wednesday, it was the site of an armed insurrection incited by the sitting president. ... Not since 1814 has the building been breached. Then, it was by British troops who set fire to the building during a broader attack on Washington in the war of 1812."
- Puckett, Jason; Spry Jr., Terry (January 6, 2021). ["Has the US Capitol ever been attacked before?"](https://www.11alive.com/article/news/verify/verify-has-capitol-been-attacked-before/507-df314b7f-33c3-4af4-8029-0ed7fb86fbbf). Atlanta: WXIA-TV. [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/F6ikU) from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved March 10, 2026. "While this is the first large-scale occupation of the U.S. Capitol since 1814, there have been several other instances of violence at the U.S. Capitol, particularly in the 20th century."
- Fisher, Marc; Flynn, Meagan; Contrera, Jessica; Loennig, Carol D. (January 7, 2021). ["The four-hour insurrection: How a Trump mob halted American democracy"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2021/politics/trump-insurrection-capitol/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210113010357/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2021/politics/trump-insurrection-capitol/) from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. "The attack, which some historians called the most severe assault on the Capitol since the British sacked the building in 1814"
628. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-649)**
Cassella, Megan (April 21, 2016). ["U.S. Capitol replacing flag display over Confederate imagery"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-flags-idUSKCN0XI2JY). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
629. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-650)**
Higgins, Tucker (April 8, 2021). ["Man who carried Confederate flag to Capitol during Jan. 6 riot indicted"](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/08/man-who-carried-confederate-flag-to-capitol-during-riot-indicted-.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
630. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-652)**
["Faculty: Douglas Brinkley"](https://profiles.rice.edu/faculty/douglas-brinkley). *[Rice University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_University "Rice University")*. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
631. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-653)**
O'Dowd, Peter; Hagan, Allison (January 6, 2022). ["'Dark day on the calendar of American history': Historian explains how Jan. 6 will be remembered"](https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2022/01/06/jan-6-capitol-history). *wbur.org*. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
632. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-654)**
Greve, Joan E. (January 6, 2022). ["Historians mark 6 January with urgent warning on threats to US democracy"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jan/06/us-capitol-attack-historians-democracy-threat). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
633. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-655)**
Paxton, Robert O. (January 11, 2021). ["I've Hesitated to Call Donald Trump a Fascist. Until Now"](https://www.newsweek.com/robert-paxton-trump-fascist-1560652). *[Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210312204123/https://www.newsweek.com/robert-paxton-trump-fascist-1560652) from the original on March 12, 2021.
634. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-656)**
[Evans, Richard J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Evans "Richard J. Evans") (January 13, 2021). ["Why Trump isn't a fascist"](https://www.newstatesman.com/world/americas/north-america/us/2021/01/trump-fascist). *New Statesman*. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
635. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-657)**
Fisher, Joe (January 5, 2024). ["Scholars concerned over how history will portray Jan. 6"](https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/01/05/jan-6-capitol-riot-anniversary-history/6741704465721). *[United Press International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International "United Press International")*. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
636. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-658)**
McGreal, Chris (March 11, 2023). ["Republicans try to reframe January 6 as a sightseeing tour â will it work?"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/11/republicans-reframing-january-6-attack). *The Guardian*. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
637. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-659)**
Bedigan, Mike (March 7, 2026). ["Plaque honoring Jan 6 cops quietly installed at US Capitol in early hours of morning"](https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/jan-6-plaque-capitol-riot-b2934079.html). *[The Independent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent "The Independent")*. Retrieved March 7, 2026.
638. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-660)**
Robbert, Allison (March 7, 2026). ["Jan. 6 plaque honoring police officers is now displayed at the Capitol after a 3-year delay"](https://www.npr.org/2026/03/07/nx-s1-5741158/january-6-plaque-honoring-police-officers-displayed-us-capitol). *NPR*. [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"). Retrieved March 7, 2026.
## External links
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**January 6 United States Capitol attack** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol "c:2021 storming of the United States Capitol") from Commons
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg)[News](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Police_engage_protestors_in_armed_conflict_inside_US_Capitol "n:Police engage protestors in armed conflict inside US Capitol") from Wikinews
- [Quotations](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack "q:2021 United States Capitol attack") from Wikiquote
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg)
English [Wikisource](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource "Wikisource") has original text related to this article:
**[Trump's rally speech](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Donald_Trump%27s_Save_America_Rally_Speech "s:en:Donald Trump's Save America Rally Speech")**
- [Capitol riot arrests: See who's been charged across the U.S.](https://www.usatoday.com/storytelling/capitol-riot-mob-arrests) â U.S.-wide tracker database created and updated by *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*
- ["CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"](https://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2022/09/13/cnn-special-report-american-coup-the-january-6th-investigation/). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). September 13, 2022.
Show can be found on [CNN Live TV](https://go.cnn.com/vod)
- ["Transcript: CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"](https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/csr/date/2022-09-18/segment/01). CNN. September 18, 2022.
### Federal government
- [Final Report](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-J6-REPORT/pdf/GPO-J6-REPORT.pdf) (December 22, 2022) of the [United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") (845 pages)
- [Supporting Material](https://www.govinfo.gov/collection/january-6th-committee-final-report) from the January 6 Select Committee
- [Capitol Breach Cases](https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211104225001/https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases) November 4, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") â list of defendants charged in federal court in the District of Columbia related to the January 6 attack (list maintained by the [U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Attorney%27s_Office_for_the_District_of_Columbia "U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia"))
- ["Examining the U.S. Capitol Attack: A Review of the Security, Planning, and Response Failures on January 6: Staff Report"](https://www.rules.senate.gov/download/hsgac-rules-jan-6-report). United States Senate; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; Committee on Rules and Administration. June 8, 2021. [SuDoc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuDoc "SuDoc") Class Number Y 4.G 74/9:C 17. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210711182140/https://www.rules.senate.gov/download/hsgac-rules-jan-6-report) from the original on July 11, 2021.
- [FBI Seeking Information Related to Violent Activity at the U.S Capitol Building](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/seeking-info/violence-at-the-united-states-capitol) â [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation")
- ["Senate Impeachment Trial: January 6 Video Montage"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivVOPWrFfW4) (video). [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN"). February 9, 2021. Event occurs at 13:24. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210210065603/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivVOPWrFfW4&feature=youtu.be) from the original on February 10, 2021 â via YouTube.
House Impeachment Manager Rep. [Jamie Raskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Raskin "Jamie Raskin") presents a video montage of the January 6, 2021, Attack on the U.S. Capitol during his opening statement during the [Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump").
- See also:
Elliott, Philip (February 10, 2021). ["This Video of Jan. 6's Insurrection Should Be Mandatory"](https://time.com/5938095/video-capitol-riot-impeachment-trial/). *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210210191325/https://time.com/5938095/video-capitol-riot-impeachment-trial/) from the original on February 10, 2021.
- [H. Res. 24 â Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/24) (article of impeachment adopted by the House on January 13, 2021)
- [H.Res.31 â Condemning and censuring Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/31) (censure resolution introduced on January 11, 2021, by Representative [Tom Malinowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Malinowski "Tom Malinowski"), with two cosponsors)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg) The full text of [Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Article_of_Impeachment_against_Donald_J._Trump_\(2021\) "wikisource:Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)") at Wikisource
### Video
- [Jan. 6, 2021: A visual archive of the Capitol attack](https://apps.npr.org/jan-6-archive/) [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")
- [What Parler Saw During the Attack on the Capitol](https://projects.propublica.org/parler-capitol-videos/) (video archive from [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica"))
- [Democracy on Trial](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/democracy-on-trial/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Lies, Politics and Democracy](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/lies-politics-and-democracy/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Plot to Overturn the Election](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/plot-to-overturn-the-election/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Michael Flynn's Holy War](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/michael-flynns-holy-war/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [American Insurrection](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/american-insurrection/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [United States of Conspiracy](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/united-states-of-conspiracy/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Trump's American Carnage](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/trumps-american-carnage/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Pelosi's Power](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/pelosis-power/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [America's Great Divide](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/americas-great-divide-from-obama-to-trump/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- ["American Reckoning â A PBS NewsHour Special Report"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYh4c42Jprg&t=39s). *PBS NewsHour*. January 15, 2021 â via YouTube.
- ["The January 6th Report \| NBC News Now Special"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-DgsUKw-YE&t=17s). *NBC News*. January 6, 2023 â via YouTube.
- ["CNN Coverage of the January 6 Insurrection"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZiSfMW__iQ&t=5s). CNN Collection. January 9, 2023 â via YouTube.
- Sullivan, Margaret (May 2, 2021). ["The politicians who tried to overturn an election â and the local news team that won't let anyone forget it"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/media/the-politicians-who-tried-to-overturn-an-election--and-the-local-news-team-that-wont-let-anyone-forget-it/2021/05/01/cc8764f6-a91e-11eb-8d25-7b30e74923ea_story.html). *The Washington Post*.
- [FBI U.S. Capitol Violence](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/capitol-violence) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211104141015/https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/capitol-violence) November 4, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") (Filter by keywords)
### Timeline
- Leatherby, Lauren; Singhvi, Anjali (January 15, 2021). ["Critical Moments in the Capitol Siege"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/15/us/trump-capitol-riot-timeline.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210116183419/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/15/us/trump-capitol-riot-timeline.html) from the original on January 16, 2021.
(Detailed timeline)
- Bennett, Dalton; Brown, Emma; Cahlan, Sarah; Lee, Joyce Sohyun; Kelly, Meg; Samuels, Elyse; Swaine, Jon (January 16, 2021). ["41 minutes of fear: A video timeline from inside the Capitol siege"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118054507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/) from the original on January 18, 2021.
(Video timeline)
- [US Capitol stormed](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c37r4jqnn21t/us-capitol-stormed), collected news and commentary. [BBC News Online](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Online "BBC News Online").
- ["Jan. 6 insurrection: The Washington Post's investigation of the causes, cost and aftermath"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/jan-6-insurrection-capitol/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. October 31, 2021.
- [Video (18:49): "Inside Trump's Election Plot"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2aWw-C27Rk) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)") ([MSNBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC"); July 29, 2022)
- ["Donald Trump Is Not Above The Law"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/26/opinion/trump-documents-jan-6-prosecute.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. August 26, 2022.
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_navbox "Template:January 6 United States Capitol attack navbox") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_navbox "Template talk:January 6 United States Capitol attack navbox") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_navbox "Special:EditPage/Template:January 6 United States Capitol attack navbox")[January 6 United States Capitol attack]() | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| | |
| [U.S. Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol") | [United States Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") [Harry Dunn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dunn_\(police_officer\) "Harry Dunn (police officer)") [Caroline Edwards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Edwards "Caroline Edwards") [Aquilino Gonell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilino_Gonell "Aquilino Gonell") [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman "Eugene Goodman") [Yogananda Pittman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogananda_Pittman "Yogananda Pittman") [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") [Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") [Robert Contee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Contee "Robert Contee") [Michael Fanone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fanone "Michael Fanone") [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") [Timeline of prior security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_violent_incidents_at_the_United_States_Capitol "Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol") |
| [Election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") | Previous claims of election fraud by President Trump [in 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Trump's_2012_accusations_of_electoral_fraud "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Uncertainty_over_accepting_the_election_results "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Republican reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [2020â21 presidential election protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020â21 United States election protests") [2021 Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") [predictions of violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictions_of_violence_ahead_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Predictions of violence ahead of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") *[1776 Returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_Returns "1776 Returns")* [Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesebro_memos "Chesebro memos") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") |
| Other | [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Michigan State Capitol storming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Michigan_State_Capitol_storming "2020 Michigan State Capitol storming") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [false or misleading statements by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [social media use by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Trump derangement syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") |
| Involved | [Christina Bobb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Bobb "Christina Bobb") [Kenneth Chesebro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro "Kenneth Chesebro") [Jeffrey Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark "Jeffrey Clark") [Joseph diGenova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_diGenova "Joseph diGenova") [John Eastman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eastman "John Eastman") [Jenna Ellis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenna_Ellis "Jenna Ellis") [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani") [John McEntee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McEntee_\(political_aide\) "John McEntee (political aide)") [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows") [Cleta Mitchell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleta_Mitchell "Cleta Mitchell") [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro") [Sidney Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Powell "Sidney Powell") [Victoria Toensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Toensing "Victoria Toensing") [Jim Troupis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Troupis "Jim Troupis") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") |
| Events | [Planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Timeline of attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Law enforcement response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [killing of Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") [Death of Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick") |
| Participants | |
| | |
| [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") | [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio") [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") [Ethan Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") [Dominic Pezzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Pezzola "Dominic Pezzola") |
| [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") | [Stewart Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes "Stewart Rhodes") [Kelly Meggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Meggs "Kelly Meggs") [Jeremy Bertino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bertino "Jeremy Bertino") [Ray Epps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Epps_\(military_veteran\) "Ray Epps (military veteran)") [Roberto Minuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Minuta "Roberto Minuta") [Jessica Marie Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Marie_Watkins "Jessica Marie Watkins") |
| Others | [Richard Barnett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Barnett_\(Capitol_rioter\) "Richard Barnett (Capitol rioter)") [Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley") [Cameron Clapp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Clapp "Cameron Clapp") [Isabella DeLuca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_DeLuca "Isabella DeLuca") [Derrick Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Evans_\(politician\) "Derrick Evans (politician)") [Nick Fuentes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Fuentes "Nick Fuentes") [Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_Alaska_\(influencer\) "Baked Alaska (influencer)") [Simone Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Gold "Simone Gold") [Couy Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couy_Griffin "Couy Griffin") [Pamela Hemphill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Hemphill "Pamela Hemphill") [Alan Hostetter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hostetter "Alan Hostetter") [Adam Christian Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Christian_Johnson "Adam Christian Johnson") [Jay Johnston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Johnston "Jay Johnston") [Klete Keller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klete_Keller "Klete Keller") [Edward Kelley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Kelley_\(Capitol_rioter\) "Edward Kelley (Capitol rioter)") [Carol Kicinski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Kicinski "Carol Kicinski") [Jake Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Lang "Jake Lang") [Kevin James Lyons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_James_Lyons "Kevin James Lyons") [Doug Mastriano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Mastriano "Doug Mastriano") [Evan Neumann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Neumann "Evan Neumann") [Nicholas Ochs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Ochs "Nicholas Ochs") [Matthew Perna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Perna "Matthew Perna") [Rachel Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Powell "Rachel Powell") [Chaya "Libs of TikTok" Raichik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libs_of_TikTok "Libs of TikTok") [Guy Reffitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Reffitt "Guy Reffitt") [Jason Riddle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Riddle "Jason Riddle") [Dana Rohrabacher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Rohrabacher "Dana Rohrabacher") [Rick Saccone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Saccone "Rick Saccone") [Ryan Samsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Samsel "Ryan Samsel") [Ronald Sandlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Sandlin "Ronald Sandlin") [Jon Schaffer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Schaffer "Jon Schaffer") [Peter Schwartz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Schwartz_\(Capitol_rioter\) "Peter Schwartz (Capitol rioter)") [Tighe Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tighe_Scott "Tighe Scott") [Kevin Seefried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Seefried "Kevin Seefried") [Owen Shroyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Shroyer "Owen Shroyer") [Peter Francis Stager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Francis_Stager "Peter Francis Stager") [Brandon Straka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WalkAway_campaign "WalkAway campaign") [John Earle Sullivanââ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Earle_Sullivan "John Earle Sullivan") [Antwione Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwione_Williams "Antwione Williams") [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams") [Christopher John Worrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_John_Worrell "Christopher John Worrell") |
| [Aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") | [2021 U.S. inauguration week protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [Companies that halted political contributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_that_halted_U.S._political_contributions_in_January_2021 "List of companies that halted U.S. political contributions in January 2021") Reactions [domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") Suicides [Howard Liebengood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Howard_Liebengood "Death of Howard Liebengood") [Jeffrey L. Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_L._Smith "Death of Jeffrey L. Smith") Proceedings [Justice Department investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Justice_Department_investigation_into_attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_presidential_election "United States Justice Department investigation into attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election") [January 6 commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") [House Select Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6th_Committee "January 6th Committee") [criminal proceedings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cases_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "List of cases of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") *[Fischer v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_v._United_States_\(2024\) "Fischer v. United States (2024)")* [public hearings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") *[Thompson v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson_v._Trump "Thompson v. Trump")* [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Federal prosecution of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States "Trump v. United States")* [Justice for J6 rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_for_J6_rally "Justice for J6 rally") [2021 Facebook company files leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") [Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") *[Trump v. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson "Trump v. Anderson")* [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") |
| Related | [8 January BrasĂlia attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_January_Bras%C3%ADlia_attacks "8 January BrasĂlia attacks") [Alex Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones "Alex Jones") [Ali Alexander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Alexander "Ali Alexander") [Kathy Barnette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Barnette "Kathy Barnette") [Boogaloo movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement "Boogaloo movement") [Jericho March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho_March "Jericho March") [Groypers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groypers "Groypers") [Sedition Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Caucus "Sedition Caucus") [Social media use by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") *[Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Rage:_How_Trump_Supporters_Took_the_U.S._Capitol "Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol")* (2021) *[Four Hours at the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Hours_at_the_Capitol "Four Hours at the Capitol")* (2021) *[This Place Rules](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Place_Rules "This Place Rules")* (2022) ["Justice for All"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_for_All_\(song\) "Justice for All (song)") (2023) *[A Storm Foretold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Storm_Foretold "A Storm Foretold")* (2023) *[The Insurrectionist Next Door](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Insurrectionist_Next_Door "The Insurrectionist Next Door")* (2023) *[The Sixth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sixth_\(2024_film\) "The Sixth (2024 film)")* (2024) [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Cincinnati FBI field office attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_FBI_field_office_attack "Cincinnati FBI field office attack") |
| Links to related articles | |
|---|---|
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election "Template:2020 United States presidential election") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2020_United_States_presidential_election "Template talk:2020 United States presidential election") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election "Special:EditPage/Template:2020 United States presidential election")([â 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election")) [2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") ([2024 â](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election")) | |
| **[Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") (D), 306 electoral votes**; [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") (R), 232 electoral votes [2020 United States elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_elections "2020 United States elections") Polls [national](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election") [state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election") [Predictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_predictions "2020 United States presidential election predictions") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election") [Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [Postal voting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections "Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election") [Fundraising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election") [Electors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_United_States_presidential_electors "List of 2020 United States presidential electors") [Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") [inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Inauguration of Joe Biden") | |
| | |
| **[Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)")** â[IPO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Oregon "Independent Party of Oregon") · â[WFP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Families_Party "Working Families Party") | |
| | |
| [Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries") [Candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates "2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates") [Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates "2020 Democratic Party presidential debates") [Forums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums "2020 Democratic Party presidential forums") [Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries") [Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention "2020 Democratic National Convention") ([automatic delegates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automatic_delegates_at_the_2020_Democratic_National_Convention "List of automatic delegates at the 2020 Democratic National Convention")) Polls ([national](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries") · [state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries")) [Positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates "Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries") [VP candidate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection") [Unity Task Forces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces "Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces") | |
| Candidates | **Nominee: [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden")** [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign "Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [celebrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements") [organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations") [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements") [state & territorial officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements") [municipal officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements "List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden "Political positions of Joe Biden") **VP nominee: [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris")** [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris "Political positions of Kamala Harris") Withdrew during primaries [Michael Bennet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bennet "Michael Bennet") [Michael Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg "Michael Bloomberg") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign "Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg "Political positions of Michael Bloomberg") [Pete Buttigieg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg "Pete Buttigieg") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign "Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg "Political positions of Pete Buttigieg") [Tulsi Gabbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard "Tulsi Gabbard") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign "Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard") [Amy Klobuchar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar "Amy Klobuchar") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign "Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar "Political positions of Amy Klobuchar") [Deval Patrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deval_Patrick "Deval Patrick") [Bernie Sanders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders "Bernie Sanders") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign "Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders "Political positions of Bernie Sanders") [media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Bernie_Sanders "Media coverage of Bernie Sanders") [Tom Steyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Steyer "Tom Steyer") [Elizabeth Warren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren "Elizabeth Warren") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign "Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren") [Andrew Yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Yang "Andrew Yang") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign "Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") Withdrew before primaries [Cory Booker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker "Cory Booker") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign "Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker "Political positions of Cory Booker") [Steve Bullock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bullock_\(American_politician\) "Steve Bullock (American politician)") [Julian Castro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Castro "Julian Castro") [Bill de Blasio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio "Bill de Blasio") [John Delaney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Delaney_\(Maryland_politician\) "John Delaney (Maryland politician)") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign "John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney "Political positions of John Delaney") [Kirsten Gillibrand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand "Kirsten Gillibrand") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand "Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand") [Ben Gleib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Gleib "Ben Gleib") [Mike Gravel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gravel "Mike Gravel") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign "Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign") [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign "Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris "Political positions of Kamala Harris") [John Hickenlooper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hickenlooper "John Hickenlooper") [Jay Inslee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Inslee "Jay Inslee") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign "Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign") [Wayne Messam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Messam "Wayne Messam") [Seth Moulton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Moulton "Seth Moulton") [Richard Ojeda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ojeda "Richard Ojeda") [Beto O'Rourke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke "Beto O'Rourke") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign "Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign") [Tim Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Ryan_\(Ohio_politician\) "Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)") [Joe Sestak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Sestak "Joe Sestak") [Eric Swalwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Swalwell "Eric Swalwell") [Marianne Williamson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Williamson "Marianne Williamson") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign "Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign") |
| **[Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")** â[CPNYS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State "Conservative Party of New York State") · â[RTLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party "New York State Right to Life Party") | |
| | |
| [Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates "2020 Republican Party presidential debates") [Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") | |
| Candidates | Incumbent nominee **[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")** [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") [GOP opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [GOP reactions to fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") **Incumbent VP nominee: [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence")** Withdrew during primaries [Rocky De La Fuente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente "Rocky De La Fuente") [Bob Ely](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Ely "Bob Ely") [Jack Fellure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Fellure "Jack Fellure") [Zoltan Istvan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan "Zoltan Istvan") [Joe Walsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Walsh_\(Illinois_politician\) "Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign "Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign") [Bill Weld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Weld "Bill Weld") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign "Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign") Withdrew before primaries [Mark Sanford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Sanford "Mark Sanford") |
| [Libertarian Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_\(United_States\) "Libertarian Party (United States)") | |
| | |
| [Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries") [Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries "Results of the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries") [Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention "2020 Libertarian National Convention") | |
| Candidates | Nominee **[Jo Jorgensen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen "Jo Jorgensen")** [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign "Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") **VP nominee: [Spike Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Cohen "Spike Cohen")** Eliminated in balloting [Jim Gray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_\(jurist\) "Jim Gray (jurist)") [Adam Kokesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Kokesh "Adam Kokesh") [John McAfee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McAfee "John McAfee") [John Monds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Monds "John Monds") [Vermin Supreme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermin_Supreme "Vermin Supreme") [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign "Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign") Withdrew before or during primaries [Max Abramson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Abramson "Max Abramson") [Lincoln Chafee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee "Lincoln Chafee") [Zoltan Istvan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan "Zoltan Istvan") Formed exploratory committee but did not run [Justin Amash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Amash "Justin Amash") |
| **[Green Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States "Green Party of the United States")** â[LMN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party "Legal Marijuana Now Party") · â[SA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_\(United_States\) "Socialist Alternative (United States)") · â[SPUSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA "Socialist Party USA") | |
| | |
| [Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Green Party presidential primaries") [Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries "Results of the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries") [Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2020 Green Party presidential debates and forums") [Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention "2020 Green National Convention") | |
| Candidates | **Nominee: [Howie Hawkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie_Hawkins "Howie Hawkins")** [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign "Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign endorsements") **VP nominee: [Angela Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker "Angela Nicole Walker")** Withdrew during primaries [Dario Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dario_Hunter "Dario Hunter") Other candidates [Jesse Ventura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Ventura "Jesse Ventura") |
| [Constitution Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party_\(United_States\) "Constitution Party (United States)") | **[Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries")** **Nominee: [Don Blankenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Blankenship "Don Blankenship")** |
| [Other third-party candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election") | |
| **[Alliance Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Party_\(United_States\) "Alliance Party (United States)")** â[AIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Independent_Party "American Independent Party") · â[Reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America "Reform Party of the United States of America") | **Nominee: [Rocky De La Fuente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente "Rocky De La Fuente")** **VP nominee: Darcy Richardson** **AIP VP nominee: [Kanye West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West "Kanye West")** Other candidates [Max Abramson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Abramson "Max Abramson") [Phil Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Collins_\(politician\) "Phil Collins (politician)") |
| [American Solidarity Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party "American Solidarity Party") | **Nominee: [Brian T. Carroll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll "Brian T. Carroll")** Other candidates [Joe Schriner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Schriner "Joe Schriner") |
| [Birthday Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_Party_\(political_party\) "Birthday Party (political party)") | **Nominee: [Kanye West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West "Kanye West")** [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign "Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign") [positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West "Views of Kanye West") |
| [Bread and Roses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_\(political_party\) "Bread and Roses (political party)") | **Nominee: [Jerome Segal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Segal "Jerome Segal")** |
| **[Party for Socialism & Liberation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation "Party for Socialism and Liberation")** â[LUP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party "Liberty Union Party") · â[PFP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party "Peace and Freedom Party") | **Nominee: [Gloria La Riva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva "Gloria La Riva")** **VP nominee:** [Leonard Peltier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Peltier "Leonard Peltier") (withdrew) **Other candidates:** [Howie Hawkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie_Hawkins "Howie Hawkins") |
| [Progressive Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party "Oregon Progressive Party") | **Nominee: [Dario Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dario_Hunter "Dario Hunter")** |
| [Prohibition Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_Party "Prohibition Party") | **Nominee: [Phil Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Collins_\(politician\) "Phil Collins (politician)")** |
| [Socialist Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Action_\(United_States\) "Socialist Action (United States)") | **Nominee: [Jeff Mackler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Mackler "Jeff Mackler")** |
| [Socialist Equality Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_\(United_States\) "Socialist Equality Party (United States)") | **Nominee: [Joseph Kishore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kishore "Joseph Kishore")** |
| [Socialist Workers Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_\(United_States\) "Socialist Workers Party (United States)") | **Nominee: [Alyson Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy "Alyson Kennedy")** |
| [Independent candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election") | Declared [Pete Accetturo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoiceoverPete "VoiceoverPete") [Mark Charles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Charles "Mark Charles") [Brock Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_Pierce "Brock Pierce") (â[IPNY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York "Independence Party of New York") nominee) [Jade Simmons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_Simmons "Jade Simmons") [Joe Schriner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Schriner "Joe Schriner") Withdrew [Perry Caravello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Caravello "Perry Caravello") [Jeremy Gable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Gable "Jeremy Gable") |
| Disputes | |
| [Attempts to overturn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") | [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020â21 United States election protests") [during inauguration week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [U.S. Capitol attack]() [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [January 6 commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") reactions [domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Trump fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_prosecution_of_fake_electors "Arizona prosecution of fake electors") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_prosecution_of_fake_electors "Michigan prosecution of fake electors") [TrumpâRaffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "TrumpâRaffensperger phone call") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") |
| Lawsuits | [Filed before Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") [Filed during or after Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Arizona "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Georgia "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Georgia") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Michigan "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Michigan") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Nevada "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Nevada") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Pennsylvania "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Wisconsin "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Wisconsin") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference "Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference") |
| Controversies | [Russian interference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections "Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections") [Voting restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election "Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template:First presidency of Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump")[First presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") | |
| General | [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the first Trump administration") [ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of ambassadors appointed in the first Trump presidency") [U.S. attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump") [Pence vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Mike_Pence "Vice presidency of Mike Pence") [Economic advisors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump "List of economic advisors to Donald Trump") [Withdrawn appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn "List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn") [Short-tenure appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments "List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments") [Dismissals and resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dismissals_and_resignations_in_the_first_Trump_administration "List of dismissals and resignations in the first Trump administration") [attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys "2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys") [Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey "Dismissal of James Comey") [inspectors general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_dismissals_of_inspectors_general "2020 dismissals of inspectors general") [Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the first Trump presidency") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency") Impeachments [efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [impeachment inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [first impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [first trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [second trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") [Opinion polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the first Trump presidency") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2017 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2018 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2019 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the first Trump presidency") [Joe Arpaio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio "Pardon of Joe Arpaio") [commutation of Jaime Davidson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr. "Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.") [Proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020â21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2020â21)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020â21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020â21)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Rex Tillerson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State") [Mike Pompeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State") [North Korea summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018â19 Korean peace process") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit "2018 North KoreaâUnited States Singapore Summit") [Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit "2019 North KoreaâUnited States Hanoi Summit") [DMZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit "2019 KoreasâUnited States DMZ Summit") [Riyadh summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit "2017 Riyadh summit") [Helsinki summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit "2018 RussiaâUnited States summit") [2019 state visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2019 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") [Namaste Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste_Trump "Namaste Trump") |
| Events | |
| | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") | [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") 2017 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q4)") 2018 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q4)") 2019 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q4)") 2020 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4âJanuary 2021)") [January 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\)#January_2021 "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4âJanuary 2021)") |
| Speeches | [Congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress") (2017) [Warsaw speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw "2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw") (2017) [National Scout Jamboree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree "2017 National Scout Jamboree") (2017) [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union "State of the Union") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address "2018 State of the Union Address") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address "2019 State of the Union Address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address "2020 State of the Union Address") Oval Office Address [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address "2019 Oval Office address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address "2020 Oval Office address") [Farewell address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address "Donald Trump's first farewell address") (2021) |
| Other | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [2017 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2017 United States Electoral College vote count") [Inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") [2021 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") |
| [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") | |
| | |
| [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") | Government shutdowns [January 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "January 2018 United States federal government shutdown") [2018â2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2018â2019 United States federal government shutdown") Salute to America [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Salute_to_America "2019 Salute to America") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salute_to_America "2020 Salute to America") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration "Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration") [Reactions to the George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "Reactions to the George Floyd protests") [Photo op at St. John's Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") [Deployment of federal forces in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States") [Attacks on journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2016%E2%80%93present:_Trump_era "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States") [2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration "Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration") [National Garden of American Heroes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes "National Garden of American Heroes") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [First Step Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Step_Act "First Step Act") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [Space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") | [Tax cuts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") [Tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") [USMCA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement "United StatesâMexicoâCanada Agreement") [Farmer bailouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts "Trump administration farmer bailouts") |
| [Environmental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") | [Paris Agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement "United States and the Paris Agreement") [America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018 "America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018") |
| [Foreign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") | [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First") [Saudi Arabia arms deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal "2017 United StatesâSaudi Arabia arms deal") [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_first_Trump_administration "IranâUnited States relations during the first Trump administration") [Nuclear deal withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action "United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action") [Relations with Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "IsraelâUnited States relations") [Jerusalem recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel "United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel") [Golan Heights recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel "United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel") [Palestine peace plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_peace_plan "2020 IsraelâPalestine peace plan") [Abraham Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords "Abraham Accords") [UAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement "IsraelâUnited Arab Emirates normalization agreement") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement "BahrainâIsrael normalization agreement") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement "IsraelâSudan normalization agreement") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement "IsraelâMorocco normalization agreement") [KosovoâSerbia agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements "Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements") [Syria strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Syria "United States intervention in Syria") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike "2017 Shayrat missile strike") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria "April 2018 missile strikes against Syria") Killings [al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi") [Soleimani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani "Assassination of Qasem Soleimani") [Afghanistan withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan "2020â2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan") [Taliban deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal "United StatesâTaliban deal") [Proposed invasion of Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela "Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela") |
| [Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") | [Travel bans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_bans_under_the_Trump_administrations "Travel bans under the Trump administrations") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769 "Reactions to Executive Order 13769") [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban "Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [replacement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13780 "Executive Order 13780") [Executive Order 13767](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13767 "Executive Order 13767") [Border wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "MexicoâUnited States border wall") [Family separation policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Migrant detentions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_detentions_under_the_first_Trump_administration "Migrant detentions under the first Trump administration") [Troop deployments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot "Operation Faithful Patriot") [National emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States "National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") | [2017 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March "2017 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2017 Women's March locations") [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Lincoln_Nebraska_Women%27s_March "2017 Lincoln Nebraska Women's March") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Portland "Women's March on Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Seattle "Women's March on Seattle") [global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations_outside_the_United_States "List of 2017 Women's March locations outside the United States") [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_protests_against_Donald_Trump "LGBTQ protests against Donald Trump") [Travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "List of protests against Executive Order 13769") [Day Without Immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_\(2017\) "Day Without Immigrants (2017)") [Not My Presidents Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_My_Presidents_Day "Not My Presidents Day") [Day Without a Woman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_a_Woman "Day Without a Woman") [March for Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science "March for Science") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_March_for_Science_locations "List of 2017 March for Science locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Portland "March for Science Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Seattle "March for Science Seattle") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_2018 "March for Science 2018") [People's Climate March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_People%27s_Climate_March "2017 People's Climate March") [May Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_May_Day_protests "2017 May Day protests") [March for Truth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Truth "March for Truth") [Impeachment March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_March "Impeachment March") [Boston Free Speech Rally (counter-protest)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Free_Speech_Rally "Boston Free Speech Rally") [U.S. national anthem kneeling protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests "U.S. national anthem kneeling protests") [2018 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Women%27s_March "2018 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2018_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2018 Women's March locations") [Gun violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_gun_violence_protests "2018 United States gun violence protests") [March for Our Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives "March for Our Lives") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_March_for_Our_Lives_locations "List of March for Our Lives locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Portland "March for Our Lives Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Seattle "March for Our Lives Seattle") [Family separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Abolish ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolish_ICE "Abolish ICE") [Families Belong Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Families_Belong_Together "Families Belong Together") [Occupy ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_ICE "Occupy ICE") [Women Disobey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Disobey "Women Disobey") [Donald Trump baby balloon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_baby_balloon "Donald Trump baby balloon") [Kremlin Annex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin_Annex "Kremlin Annex") [Nobody Is Above the Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody_Is_Above_the_Law "Nobody Is Above the Law") [2019 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Women%27s_March "2019 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2019_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2019 Women's March locations") [2019 Presidents Day protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Presidents_Day_protest "2019 Presidents Day protest") [*Dump Trump* (statue)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump_Trump_\(statue\) "Dump Trump (statue)") [December 2019 impeachment protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2019_impeachment_protests_in_the_United_States "December 2019 impeachment protests in the United States") [2020 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Women%27s_March "2020 Women's March") [January list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2020 Women's March locations") [October list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations_\(October\) "List of 2020 Women's March locations (October)") [Racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_racial_unrest_\(2020%E2%80%932023\) "United States racial unrest (2020â2023)") [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [list-USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests in the United States") [list-abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests outside the United States") [Trump Statue Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Statue_Initiative "Trump Statue Initiative") *[God Emperor Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Emperor_Trump "God Emperor Trump")* |
| Related | [2016 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [False or misleading statements by Trump during first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Classified information disclosures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information "Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information") Special counsel investigations [Mueller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation") [Durham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation "Durham special counsel investigation") [Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Russian bounty program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_bounty_program "Russian bounty program") [Anonymous senior official op-ed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy DanielsâDonald Trump scandal") [Zelenskyy phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_phone_call "2019 TrumpâZelenskyy phone call") [Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "2019 TrumpâUkraine scandal") [Federal government data breach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach "2020 United States federal government data breach") [Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [Fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesebro_memos "Chesebro memos") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [January 6 United States Capitol attack]() [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [continued protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [domestic reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [international reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Presidential Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Category:First presidency of Donald Trump")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer "Template:Alt-right footer") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer "Template talk:Alt-right footer") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer "Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer")[Alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") | |
| Ideas | |
| | |
| Main | [American Nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Nationalism "American Nationalism") [Fourteen Words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Words "Fourteen Words") [White ethnostate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_ethnostate "White ethnostate") [White supremacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy "White supremacy") [Cultural Marxism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory "Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory") [Pizzagate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory "Pizzagate conspiracy theory") [White genocide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory "White genocide conspiracy theory") |
| Related | [Alt-lite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-lite "Alt-lite") [Alt-right pipeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline "Alt-right pipeline") [Boogaloo movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement "Boogaloo movement") [DezNat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DezNat "DezNat") [Identitarian movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitarian_movement "Identitarian movement") [Incel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incel "Incel") [Manosphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manosphere "Manosphere") [Men Going Their Own Way](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way "Men Going Their Own Way") [Neo-nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-nationalism "Neo-nationalism") [Paleolibertarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolibertarianism "Paleolibertarianism") [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") [Radical right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right_\(United_States\) "Radical right (United States)") [Dark Enlightenment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment "Dark Enlightenment") |
| Online culture | |
| | |
| [Alt-tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-tech "Alt-tech") | [4chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4chan "4chan") [/pol/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//pol/ "/pol/") [8chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8chan "8chan") [BitChute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute "BitChute") [Epik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik "Epik") [Gab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab_\(social_network\) "Gab (social network)") [Gettr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettr "Gettr") [Minds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minds_\(social_network\) "Minds (social network)") [Parler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parler "Parler") [Rumble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumble_\(company\) "Rumble (company)") [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") [Voat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voat "Voat") (defunct) |
| Websites | *[American Renaissance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Renaissance_\(magazine\) "American Renaissance (magazine)")* *[Breitbart News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breitbart_News "Breitbart News")* *[The Daily Stormer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer "The Daily Stormer")* *[Evie Magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evie_Magazine "Evie Magazine")* *[Infowars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infowars "Infowars")* [Kuruc.info](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruc.info "Kuruc.info") [Metapedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapedia "Metapedia") *[Occidental Observer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occidental_Observer "Occidental Observer")* *[The Occidental Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly "The Occidental Quarterly")* *[Rebel News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel_News "Rebel News")* [Red Ice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Ice "Red Ice") [Reddit (r/The\_Donald)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/The_Donald "R/The Donald") *[The Right Stuff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_\(blog\) "The Right Stuff (blog)")* *[StoneToss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StoneToss "StoneToss")* [Stormfront](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormfront_\(website\) "Stormfront (website)") *[TruNews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TruNews "TruNews")* [Vanguard News Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network "Vanguard News Network") [VDARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDARE "VDARE") *[WorldNetDaily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldNetDaily "WorldNetDaily")* |
| Memes | "[Basket of deplorables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables "Basket of deplorables")" "[Beta male](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male "Alpha and beta male")" "[Cuckservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckservative "Cuckservative")" [Happy Merchant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Merchant "Happy Merchant") "[It's okay to be white](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white "It's okay to be white")" [Moon Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man "Mac Tonight") [NPC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPC_\(meme\) "NPC (meme)") [OK gesture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK_gesture "OK gesture") "[Owning the libs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owning_the_libs "Owning the libs")" [Pepe the Frog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog "Pepe the Frog") "[Red pill and blue pill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill "Red pill and blue pill")" "[Remove Kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_Strong "Serbia Strong")" "[Shadilay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadilay "Shadilay")" "[Snowflake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake_\(slang\) "Snowflake (slang)")" "[Social justice warrior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice_warrior "Social justice warrior")" [Trash Doves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trash_Doves "Trash Doves") [Triple parentheses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_parentheses "Triple parentheses") [Undercut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercut_\(hairstyle\) "Undercut (hairstyle)") |
| Groups | [AltRight Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltRight_Corporation "AltRight Corporation") [American Freedom Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Freedom_Party "American Freedom Party") [Anti-Communist Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action "Anti-Communist Action") [The Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Base_\(neo-Nazi_group\) "The Base (neo-Nazi group)") [Deplorable Pride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deplorable_Pride "Deplorable Pride") [Diagolon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagolon "Diagolon") [Groypers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groypers "Groypers") [Hundred-Handers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred-Handers_\(group\) "Hundred-Handers (group)") [Identity Evropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_Evropa "Identity Evropa") (defunct) [Les Identitaires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Identitaires "Les Identitaires") [National Policy Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Policy_Institute "National Policy Institute") [Patriot Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Front "Patriot Front") [Patriot Prayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Prayer "Patriot Prayer") [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") [Rise Above Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement "Rise Above Movement") [Traditionalist Worker Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party "Traditionalist Worker Party") (defunct) [Trads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trads_\(Hindutva\) "Trads (Hindutva)") [Vanguard America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard_America "Vanguard America") [Washington Summit Publishers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers "Washington Summit Publishers") |
| Events | |
| | |
| Incidents | [Berkeley protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests "2017 Berkeley protests") [Comicsgate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comicsgate "Comicsgate") [DeploraBall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeploraBall "DeploraBall") [End Domestic Terrorism rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally "End Domestic Terrorism rally") [Gamergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_\(harassment_campaign\) "Gamergate (harassment campaign)") [Macron e-mail leaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks "2017 Macron e-mail leaks") [Unite the Right rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally "Unite the Right rally") [Unite the Right 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2 "Unite the Right 2") |
| Attacks | [Assault of DeAndre Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris "Assault of DeAndre Harris") [Charlottesville car attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack "Charlottesville car attack") [Christchurch mosque shootings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings "Christchurch mosque shootings") [Murder of Timothy Caughman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman "Murder of Timothy Caughman") [Portland train attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack "2017 Portland train attack") |
| Lists | [Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys "Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys") |
| People | [James Allsup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Allsup "James Allsup") [Andrew Anglin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Anglin "Andrew Anglin") [Andrew "weev" Auernheimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weev "Weev") [Steve Bannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bannon "Steve Bannon") [Theodore "Vox Day" Beale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_Day "Vox Day") [Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Benjamin "Carl Benjamin") [Owen Benjamin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Benjamin "Owen Benjamin") [Peter Brimelow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brimelow "Peter Brimelow") [Christopher Cantwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell "Christopher Cantwell") [Mike Cernovich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Cernovich "Mike Cernovich") [Alain de Benoist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist "Alain de Benoist") [John Derbyshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Derbyshire "John Derbyshire") [Jack Donovan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Donovan "Jack Donovan") [Mike Enoch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Enoch "Mike Enoch") [Guillaume Faye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Faye "Guillaume Faye") [Haakon Forwald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon_Forwald "Haakon Forwald") [Daniel Friberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Friberg "Daniel Friberg") [Nick Fuentes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Fuentes "Nick Fuentes") [Jean-François Gariépy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py "Jean-François Gariépy") [Ben Garrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Garrison "Ben Garrison") [Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus "Augustus Sol Invictus") [Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_Alaska_\(influencer\) "Baked Alaska (influencer)") [Jim Goad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Goad "Jim Goad") [Faith Goldy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Goldy "Faith Goldy") [Paul Gottfried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gottfried "Paul Gottfried") [Matthew Heimbach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach "Matthew Heimbach") [Michael A. Hoffman II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II "Michael A. Hoffman II") [Sam Hyde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Hyde "Sam Hyde") [Dillon Irizarry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry "Dillon Irizarry") [Charles C. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson "Charles C. Johnson") [Greg Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Johnson_\(white_nationalist\) "Greg Johnson (white nationalist)") [William Daniel Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson "William Daniel Johnson") [Alex Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones "Alex Jones") [Jason Jorjani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Jorjani "Jason Jorjani") [Ruuben Kaalep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep "Ruuben Kaalep") [Tom Kawcyznski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski "Tom Kawcyznski") [Jason Kessler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Kessler "Jason Kessler") [Steve King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_King "Steve King") [Elliott Kline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Kline "Elliott Kline") [Nick Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Land "Nick Land") [Lana Lokteff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_Lokteff "Lana Lokteff") [Laura Loomer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Loomer "Laura Loomer") [Norman Lowell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lowell "Norman Lowell") [Kevin MacDonald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_\(evolutionary_psychologist\) "Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)") [Jeremy MacKenzie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_\(activist\) "Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)") [Stephen McNallen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_McNallen "Stephen McNallen") [Merlin Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_Miller "Merlin Miller") [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller "Stephen Miller") [Stefan Molyneux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux "Stefan Molyneux") [Paul Nehlen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nehlen "Paul Nehlen") [Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GypsyCrusader "GypsyCrusader") [Ethan Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") [Jack Posobiec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Posobiec "Jack Posobiec") [Bronze Age Pervert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert "Bronze Age Pervert") [Paul Ray Ramsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey "Paul Ray Ramsey") [William Regnery II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Regnery_II "William Regnery II") [Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennial_Woes "Millennial Woes") [Thomas Rousseau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Rousseau "Thomas Rousseau") [Martin Sellner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Sellner "Martin Sellner") [Lauren Southern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Southern "Lauren Southern") [Richard B. Spencer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer "Richard B. Spencer") [Brett Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Stevens "Brett Stevens") [Jared Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Taylor "Jared Taylor") [Tila Tequila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tila_Tequila "Tila Tequila") [Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosh_V "Roosh V") [Paul Joseph Watson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson "Paul Joseph Watson") [Lucian Wintrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich "Lucian Wintrich") [Curtis Yarvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin "Curtis Yarvin") [Milo Yiannopoulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos "Milo Yiannopoulos") |
| [Opposition and criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right "Responses to the alt-right") | |
| | |
| People | [Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innuendo_Studios "Innuendo Studios") [Robert Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Evans_\(journalist\) "Robert Evans (journalist)") [Daryle Lamont Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins "Daryle Lamont Jenkins") |
| Media | *[Alt-America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-America "Alt-America")* *[Angry Goy II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry_Goy_II "Angry Goy II")* *[Culture Warlords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_Warlords "Culture Warlords")* *[Devil's Bargain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain "Devil's Bargain")* *[Feels Good Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feels_Good_Man "Feels Good Man")* *[I Don't Speak German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German "I Don't Speak German")* *[It Came from Something Awful](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Came_from_Something_Awful "It Came from Something Awful")* *[Kill All Normies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_All_Normies "Kill All Normies")* *[Knowledge Fight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Fight "Knowledge Fight")* *[White Right: Meeting the Enemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy "White Right: Meeting the Enemy")* |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Riots_in_the_United_States_\(1980%E2%80%93present\) "Template:Riots in the United States (1980âpresent)") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Riots_in_the_United_States_\(1980%E2%80%93present\) "Template talk:Riots in the United States (1980âpresent)") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Riots_in_the_United_States_\(1980%E2%80%93present\) "Special:EditPage/Template:Riots in the United States (1980âpresent)")[Riots and civil unrest in the history of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States "List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States") (1980âpresent) | |
| 1980â1991 | [Boston desegregation busing crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_desegregation_busing_crisis "Boston desegregation busing crisis") (1974â1988) [1980 Miami riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Miami_riots "1980 Miami riots") [1982 Overtown riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Overtown_riot "1982 Overtown riot") [Cabbage Patch riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage_Patch_riots "Cabbage Patch riots") (1983) [1983 Dick Conner Correctional Center riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Conner_Correctional_Center "Dick Conner Correctional Center") [Aggieville riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggieville_riots "Aggieville riots") (1984; 1986) [1984 Detroit riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_riots#1984 "Detroit riots") [1987 Tampa riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Tampa_riots "1987 Tampa riots") [Atlanta prison riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_prison_riots "Atlanta prison riots") (1987) [1988 Cedar Grove riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Shreveport,_Louisiana#1988_Riot "Cedar Grove, Shreveport, Louisiana") [1988 Tompkins Square Park riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Tompkins_Square_Park_riot "1988 Tompkins Square Park riot") [1989 SCI Camp Hill riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Camp_Hill#1989_riots "State Correctional Institution â Camp Hill") [1989 Miami riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Miami_riot "1989 Miami riot") [1990 Detroit riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Detroit_riot "1990 Detroit riot") [Phillip Pannell shooting aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Phillip_Pannell#Aftermath "Shooting of Phillip Pannell") (1990) [1990 Southport Correctional Facility riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southport_Correctional_Facility#Incidents "Southport Correctional Facility") [1991 FCI Talladega riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Talladega "Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega") [Riverport Riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverport_Riot "Riverport Riot") (1991) [1991 Chicago Bulls Championship riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bulls_Championship_riots#1991 "Chicago Bulls Championship riots") |
| 1992â2007 | |
| | |
| California | [1992 Los Angeles riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots "1992 Los Angeles riots") [2003 Eagle Mountain Correctional riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Mountain_Community_Correctional_Facility "Eagle Mountain Community Correctional Facility") [2004 San Luis Obispo Mardi Gras riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_Mardi_Gras#2004_Mardi_Gras_riot_and_its_immediate_aftermath "San Luis Obispo Mardi Gras") [2006 North County Correctional Facility riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_County_Correctional_Facility#2006_riot "North County Correctional Facility") [San Bernardino punk riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bernardino_punk_riot "San Bernardino punk riot") (2006) [2007 MacArthur Park rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_MacArthur_Park_rallies "2007 MacArthur Park rallies") |
| New York | [Crown Heights riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot "Crown Heights riot") (1991) [1992 Washington Heights riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Washington_Heights_riots "1992 Washington Heights riots") [Woodstock '99](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_%2799 "Woodstock '99") |
| Ohio | [1993 Southern Ohio Correctional Facility riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ohio_Correctional_Facility#1993_riot "Southern Ohio Correctional Facility") [Cincinnati riots of 2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_riots_of_2001 "Cincinnati riots of 2001") [2005 Toledo riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Toledo_riot "2005 Toledo riot") |
| Others | [1991 Washington, D.C., riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Washington,_D.C.,_riot "1991 Washington, D.C., riot") [Chicago Bulls Championship riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bulls_Championship_riots "Chicago Bulls Championship riots") (1992â1997) [West Las Vegas riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Las_Vegas_riots "West Las Vegas riots") (1992) [St. Petersburg, Florida riots of 1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida_riots_of_1996 "St. Petersburg, Florida riots of 1996") [Michigan State University student riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_State_University_student_riots "Michigan State University student riots") (1998; 1999; 2005) [Seattle Mardi Gras riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Mardi_Gras_riot "Seattle Mardi Gras riot") (2001) [2003 Benton Harbor riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benton_Harbor_riots#2003 "Benton Harbor riots") [2004 ASPC-Lewis riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_State_Prison_Complex_%E2%80%93_Lewis#Standoff "Arizona State Prison Complex â Lewis") [2004 ALCS Game 7 riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_American_League_Championship_Series#Game_7 "2004 American League Championship Series") [2007 New Castle Correctional riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle_Correctional_Facility#Riot_of_April_24,_2007 "New Castle Correctional Facility") |
| 2008âpresent | |
| | |
| California | [Oscar Grant shooting protests and riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Oscar_Grant#Protests_and_riots "Shooting of Oscar Grant") (2009) [2011 Oakland general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Oakland_general_strike "2011 Oakland general strike") [2012 Anaheim police shooting and protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Anaheim,_California_police_shooting_and_protests "2012 Anaheim, California police shooting and protests") [2014 Oakland riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Oakland_riots "2014 Oakland riots") [2016 Oakland riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Oakland_riots "2016 Oakland riots") [2016 Sacramento riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Sacramento_riot "2016 Sacramento riot") [2025 Los Angeles protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests "June 2025 Los Angeles protests") |
| Minnesota | [Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention#Protests "2008 Republican National Convention") (2008) [Occupy Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Minneapolis "Occupy Minneapolis") (2011â2012) [Killing of Jamar Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark "Killing of Jamar Clark") (2015) [Shooting of Philando Castile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Philando_Castile#Protests_and_civil_unrest "Shooting of Philando Castile") (2016) [Shooting of Justine Damond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Justine_Damond#Reactions "Shooting of Justine Damond") (2017) [George Floyd protests in MinneapolisâSaint Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul "George Floyd protests in MinneapolisâSaint Paul") (2020â2023) [2020â2023 MinneapolisâSaint Paul racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest "2020â2023 MinneapolisâSaint Paul racial unrest") [George Floyd Square occupied protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest "George Floyd Square occupied protest") (2020â2023) [2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot "2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot") [Killing of Dolal Idd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd "Killing of Dolal Idd") (2020) [Daunte Wright protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests "Daunte Wright protests") (2021) [2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest "2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest") [Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek "Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek") (2021) [RenĂ©e Good protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good_protests "List of RenĂ©e Good protests") (2026) |
| Others | [Akron riots of 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Akron,_Ohio#Riots_of_2009 "Crime in Akron, Ohio") [2013 Michigan State University student riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_State_University_student_riots#December_8,_2013 "Michigan State University student riots") [Ferguson unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest "Ferguson unrest") (2014â2015) [2015 Baltimore protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests "2015 Baltimore protests") [Mansur Ball-Bey shooting civil unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey#Protest_and_civil_unrest_in_immediate_aftermath "Shooting of Mansur Ball-Bey") (2015) [2016 Malheur National Wildlife Refuge occupation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Malheur_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge") [Dakota Access Pipeline protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests "Dakota Access Pipeline protests") (2016â2017) [2016 Milwaukee riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Milwaukee_riots "2016 Milwaukee riots") [Keith Lamont Scott shooting rioting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott#Protests_and_rioting "Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott") (2016) [2016 Portland riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Portland,_Oregon_riots "2016 Portland, Oregon riots") [Unite the Right rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally "Unite the Right rally") (2017) [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") (2020-2023) [2020 Seattle Capitol Hill Occupied Protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest "Capitol Hill Occupied Protest") [2020 Kenosha protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosha_unrest "Kenosha unrest") [2020â2023 United States racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest "2020â2023 United States racial unrest") [January 6 United States Capitol attack]() [2021 United States inauguration week protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [Stop Cop City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Cop_City "Stop Cop City") [2023 Union Square riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Union_Square_riot "2023 Union Square riot") [2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses "2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses") |
| Related | [List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_Colonial_North_America "List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America") [Mass racial violence in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States "Mass racial violence in the United States") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Second_impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Template:Second impeachment and impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Second_impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Template talk:Second impeachment and impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:Second impeachment and impeachment trial of Donald Trump")Second [impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") and [impeachment trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") of [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | |
| Background | [Efforts to impeach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [Resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [January 6 United States Capitol attack]() [Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [TrumpâRaffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "TrumpâRaffensperger phone call") [Trump fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [2020â21 United States election protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020â21 United States election protests") [2021 United States Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") |
| [Impeachment trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") | **Presiding officer:** [Patrick Leahy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Leahy "Patrick Leahy") **House managers:** [Jamie Raskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Raskin "Jamie Raskin") *lead manager* [Diana DeGette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_DeGette "Diana DeGette") [David Cicilline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cicilline "David Cicilline") [Joaquin Castro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro "Joaquin Castro") [Eric Swalwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Swalwell "Eric Swalwell") [Ted Lieu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu "Ted Lieu") [Stacey Plaskett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacey_Plaskett "Stacey Plaskett") [Joe Neguse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Neguse "Joe Neguse") [Madeleine Dean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean "Madeleine Dean") **President's counsel:** [William J. Brennan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_J._Brennan_\(lawyer\)&action=edit&redlink=1 "William J. Brennan (lawyer) (page does not exist)") [Bruce Castor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Castor "Bruce Castor") [Michael van der Veen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_van_der_Veen "Michael van der Veen") [David Schoen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Schoen "David Schoen") |
| Other | [Proposed expungement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Attacks_on_legislatures "Template:Attacks on legislatures") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Attacks_on_legislatures "Template talk:Attacks on legislatures") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Attacks_on_legislatures "Special:EditPage/Template:Attacks on legislatures")[Attacks on legislatures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_legislatures "List of attacks on legislatures") | |
| Pre-20th century | [England (1605)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot "Gunpowder Plot") [England (1642)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Members "Five Members") [Upper Canada (1813)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_York "Battle of York") [United States (1814)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington "Burning of Washington") [Venezuela (1848)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storming_of_the_Venezuelan_National_Congress "Storming of the Venezuelan National Congress") [France (1848)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_demonstration_of_15_May_1848 "French demonstration of 15 May 1848") [British Canada (1849)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_the_Parliament_Buildings_in_Montreal "Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal") [Haiti (1867)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haitian_Chamber_of_Deputies_attack&action=edit&redlink=1 "Haitian Chamber of Deputies attack (page does not exist)") [France (1893)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Chamber_of_Deputies_bombing&action=edit&redlink=1 "French Chamber of Deputies bombing (page does not exist)") |
| 20th century | [Persia (1908)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis "1908 bombardment of the Majlis") [United States (1915)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_United_States_Capitol_bomb_attack "1915 United States Capitol bomb attack") [Belgium (1920)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Belgian_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1 "Storming of the Belgian Parliament (page does not exist)") [Romania (1920)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Senate_bombing&action=edit&redlink=1 "Romanian Senate bombing (page does not exist)") [Yugoslavia (1928)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjepan_Radi%C4%87#Assassination_in_Parliament "Stjepan RadiÄ") [British India (1928)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_the_Central_Legislative_Assembly_Building&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly Building (page does not exist)") [Germany (1933)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichstag_fire "Reichstag fire") [France (1934)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis "6 February 1934 crisis") [United Kingdom (1941)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blitz "The Blitz") [Lebanon (1943)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1943_Lebanese_demonstrations&action=edit&redlink=1 "1943 Lebanese demonstrations (page does not exist)") [United States (1952)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_United_States_Capitol_shooting "1954 United States Capitol shooting") [Israel (1957)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frumin_House_bombing&action=edit&redlink=1 "Frumin House bombing (page does not exist)") [Japan (1960)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpo_protests "Anpo protests") [United Kingdom (1974)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Houses_of_Parliament_bombing "1974 Houses of Parliament bombing") [Nicaragua (1978)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Nicaraguan_National_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1 "Storming of the Nicaraguan National Palace (page does not exist)") [United Kingdom (1979)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Airey_Neave "Assassination of Airey Neave") [Spain (1981)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_attempt "1981 Spanish coup attempt") [United States (1983)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_United_States_Senate_bombing "1983 United States Senate bombing") [Sri Lanka (1987)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_grenade_attack_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament "1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament") [Canada (1989)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1989_Parliament_Hill_hijacking_and_hostage_incident&action=edit&redlink=1 "1989 Parliament Hill hijacking and hostage incident (page does not exist)") [Estonia (1990)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intermovement_storming&action=edit&redlink=1 "Intermovement storming (page does not exist)") [Trinidad and Tobago (1990)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen_coup_attempt "Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt") [Georgia (1991â92)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "1991â1992 Georgian coup d'Ă©tat") [Russia (1993)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis "1993 Russian constitutional crisis") [El Salvador (1993)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%931995_Salvadoran_legislature_attacks "1993â1995 Salvadoran legislature attacks") El Salvador [July 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%931995_Salvadoran_legislature_attacks "1993â1995 Salvadoran legislature attacks") [September 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%931995_Salvadoran_legislature_attacks "1993â1995 Salvadoran legislature attacks") [El Salvador (1995)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%931995_Salvadoran_legislature_attacks "1993â1995 Salvadoran legislature attacks") [Australia (1996)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Parliament_House_riot "1996 Parliament House riot") [Indonesia (1998)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto "Fall of Suharto") [United States (1998)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_United_States_Capitol_shooting "1998 United States Capitol shooting") [Armenia (1998)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_parliament_shooting "Armenian parliament shooting") [Serbia and Montenegro (2000)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87 "Overthrow of Slobodan MiloĆĄeviÄ") |
| 21st century | [Switzerland (2001)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zug_massacre "Zug massacre") India (2001) [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_car_bombing "2001 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly car bombing")⥠[13 December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack "2001 Indian Parliament attack") [16 December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Odisha_Assembly_attack "2001 Odisha Assembly attack")⥠[Iraq (2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Iraqi_Parliament_bombing "2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing") [Philippines (2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Batasang_Pambansa_bombing "2007 Batasang Pambansa bombing")⥠[Kyrgyzstan (2010)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution "2010 Kyrgyz Revolution") [Russia (2010)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Chechen_Parliament_attack "2010 Chechen Parliament attack")⥠Brazil (2013) [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_occupation_of_the_Brazilian_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1 "2013 occupation of the Brazilian Congress (page does not exist)") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_protests_in_Brazil "2013 protests in Brazil") [Ukraine (2014)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament "Capture of the Crimean Parliament")⥠[Taiwan (2014)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement "Sunflower Student Movement") [Canada (2014)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_shootings_at_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa "2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa") [Burkina Faso (2014)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Burkina_Faso_uprising "2014 Burkina Faso uprising") [Turkey (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt "2016 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat attempt") [Gabon (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Gabonese_parliament_attack&action=edit&redlink=1 "2016 Gabonese parliament attack (page does not exist)") [Brazil (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Brazilian_Congress_attack&action=edit&redlink=1 "2016 Brazilian Congress attack (page does not exist)") [United Kingdom (2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack "2017 Westminster attack") [Paraguay (2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Paraguayan_crisis "2017 Paraguayan crisis") [Macedonia (2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_storming_of_the_Macedonian_Parliament "2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament") [Iran (2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks "2017 Tehran attacks") [Venezuela (2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_attack "2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack") [Hong Kong (2019)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storming_of_the_Legislative_Council_Complex "Storming of the Legislative Council Complex") [Indonesia (2019)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Papua_protests "2019 Papua protests")⥠[South Korea (2019)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_South_Korean_National_Assembly_attack "2019 South Korean National Assembly attack") [El Salvador (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salvadoran_political_crisis "2020 Salvadoran political crisis") [Azerbaijan (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Azerbaijan_protests&action=edit&redlink=1 "2020 Azerbaijan protests (page does not exist)") [Germany (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_storming_of_the_Reichstag&action=edit&redlink=1 "2020 storming of the Reichstag (page does not exist)") [Kyrgyzstan (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Kyrgyz_Revolution "2020 Kyrgyz Revolution") [Armenia (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_storming_of_the_Armenian_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1 "2020 storming of the Armenian Parliament (page does not exist)") [Guatemala (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Guatemalan_protests "2020 Guatemalan protests") [United States (Jan 2021)]() [United States (Apr 2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_car_attack "2021 United States Capitol car attack") [United States (Dec 2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_State_Capitol_breach "Oregon State Capitol breach")⥠[South Africa (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Parliament_of_South_Africa_fire "2022 Parliament of South Africa fire") [New Zealand (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Iraq (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Iraq_parliament_attack "2022 Iraq parliament attack") [Brazil (2023)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_January_Bras%C3%ADlia_attacks "8 January BrasĂlia attacks") [Mexico (2023)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1 "Storming of the Nuevo LeĂłn Congress (page does not exist)")⥠[India (2023)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Indian_Parliament_breach "2023 Indian Parliament breach") [Kenya (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_storming_of_the_Kenyan_Parliament "2024 storming of the Kenyan Parliament") [Bangladesh (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_Uprising "July Uprising") [Mexico (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Mexican_judicial_reform_protests "2024 Mexican judicial reform protests")⥠[Abkhazia (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Abkhazian_protests "2024 Abkhazian protests") [South Korea (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_South_Korean_martial_law_crisis "2024 South Korean martial law crisis") [Indonesia (2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_Indonesian_protests "August 2025 Indonesian protests") [Nepal (2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nepalese_Gen_Z_protests "2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests") |
| ⥠sub-national legislature | |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104705419#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2021005709) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011253755805171) |
| Other | [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/activity/43b26d4a-3460-4ed8-9640-4c5384fda49c) |
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January 6 United States Capitol attack
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| Readable Markdown | | January 6 United States Capitol attack | |
|---|---|
| Part of the [attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), [American militia movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement"), [political violence in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_the_United_States "Political violence in the United States"), and [domestic terrorism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States") | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_\(50820534063\)_\(retouched\).jpg) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_attacker_Edward_Francisco_Rodriguez_assaults_police_with_bear_spray_\(cropped\).png) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attackers_assault_law_enforcement_during_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack.png)Crowd outside the Capitol during the attack (top); [bear spray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_spray "Bear spray") deployed against a line of policemen (bottom left); attackers breach a police line (bottom right) | |
| Date | January 6, 2021; 5 years ago c. 12:53 p.m. â 5:40 p.m.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-1) ([UTCâ05:00](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00 "UTCâ05:00")) |
| Location | [The Capitol Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol"), Washington, D.C., United States [38°53âČ23âłN 77°00âČ33âłWï»ż / ï»ż38\.88972°N 77.00917°W](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack¶ms=38_53_23_N_77_00_33_W_type:event_region:US-DC) |
| Caused by | [False claims of 2020 presidential election fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") made by [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") and his allies[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYTrioteranalysis-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2021-01-11-ap-sinister-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-4) Denial of the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_U.S._presidential_election "2020 U.S. presidential election") results[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYTrioteranalysis-2) [Far-right extremism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right_\(United_States\) "Radical right (United States)")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-5) [conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy "Conspiracy"),[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-agitation01-7) [intimidation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidation "Intimidation"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-8) [Incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement_of_insurrection "Incitement of insurrection"), [attacking a legislature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_legislatures "List of attacks on legislatures") |
| Goals | Disrupt and delay the [Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") Pressure Congress and Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") to overturn the election of [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in favor of Trump |
| Resulted in | Attack mostly unsuccessful Insurrection suppressed Fatalities and injuries among the attackers and law enforcement[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-9) Assaults on at least 174 police officers[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) Delay of [counting electoral votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") by hours[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-11) Extensive physical damage;[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14) offices and chambers vandalized and ransacked; property stolen;[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15) more than \$30 million for repairs and security measures[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16) [Second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump")[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-17) [Third indictment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)")[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-annotated-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Wilner-19) Unsuccessful attempts to [declare Trump ineligible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") for Colorado, Maine, and Illinois ballots[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politicoMarch4-20) [Trump pardons or commutes the sentences of all rioters in 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants")[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21) |
| Parties | |
| | |
| [Pro-Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"), [far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right "Far-right") [militias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militias "Militias") and movements [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") Factions of the [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") movement [White supremacists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy_in_the_United_States "White supremacy in the United States"), [neo-Fascists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-fascism "Neo-fascism"), [neo-Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism "Neo-Nazism"), and [neo-Confederates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confederates "Neo-Confederates") Various far-right movements **([Full list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Participants,_groups,_and_criminal_charges))**[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22) | [United States federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government "United States federal government"), D.C. and state governments [U.S. Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") [D.C. Metropolitan Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") [Montgomery County Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County_Police_Department "Montgomery County Police Department")[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-23)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-24) [Metro Transit Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Transit_Police_Department "Metro Transit Police Department")[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-25) [Prince George's County Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County_Police_Department "Prince George's County Police Department")[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-26) [Supreme Court Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_Police_Department "Supreme Court of the United States Police Department") [Virginia State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Police "Virginia State Police") [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") [Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security "Department of Homeland Security") [U.S. Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service "United States Secret Service") [Virginia Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_National_Guard "Virginia National Guard") [Maryland State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_State_Police "Maryland State Police") [Maryland Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_National_Guard "Maryland National Guard") [New Jersey State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Police "New Jersey State Police") [D.C. Army National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._National_Guard "D.C. National Guard") |
| Lead figures | |
| President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio") [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") [Stewart Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes "Stewart Rhodes") Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") Speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") | |
| Casualties and criminal charges | |
| Deaths | **On January 6**[1 rioter killed by gunshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") 1 rioter died from drug overdose 2 rallygoers died from natural causes[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-factchecknov-27)**Following January 6**1 police officer died of a stroke 4 police officers died by suicide[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-32) |
| Injuries | Unknown number of rioters At least 174 police officers,[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) including at least 15 hospitalized[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AJCTwoSuspended-33) |
| [Charged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge "Criminal charge") | 1,500 or more, including Trump[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-36) (*see also*: [Criminal charges relating to the attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") and [2025 pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants")) |
On January 6, 2021, the [United States Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol") in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), was attacked by a mob[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReferenceA-37)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-38) of supporters of President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") in an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup"),[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Multiple_Sources-39) two months after his defeat in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"). They sought to keep him in power by preventing a [joint session of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress "Joint session of the United States Congress") from [counting the Electoral College votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") to formalize the victory of then [president-elect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States "President-elect of the United States") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"). The attack was unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan [House select committee that investigated the incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack"), the attack was the culmination of [a plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack#7PartPlan "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") by Trump to [overturn the election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election").[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-40)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-41) Within 36 hours, five people died: [one was shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ashli_Babbitt "Killing of Ashli Babbitt") by the [Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police"), another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes, including [a police officer who died](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick") of a stroke a day after being assaulted by rioters and collapsing at the Capitol.[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-42)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-transpired-43) Many people were injured, including 174 police officers.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-cost_of_riot-10) Four officers who responded to the attack [died by suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Suicides "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") within seven months.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31) Damage caused by attackers exceeded \$2.7 million.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-44) It is the only attempted [coup d'Ă©tat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat") directed towards the Federal government in the history of the United States.
Called to action by Trump on January 5 and 6, thousands of his supporters had gathered in Washington, D.C., to support [his false claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") that the 2020 election had been "stolen by emboldened radical-left [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)")",[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-45) and to demand that thenâvice president [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") and [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") reject Biden's victory.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-46) Starting at noon on January 6, at a "Save America" rally on [the Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse"),[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47) Trump gave a speech in which he repeated false claims of election irregularities[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-48) and said "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore". As Congress began the electoral vote count, thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters. Among the rioters were leaders of the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") and the [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") [militia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia "Militia") groups.
The [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") estimates 2,000â2,500 people entered the Capitol during the attack.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR1-49)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo2-50)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51) Some vandalized and looted,[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-52)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-53) including in the offices of [House speaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives") [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") and other Congress members.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-54) Rioters assaulted Capitol Police officers[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AP_BlockCommission-55) and journalists.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shammas-2021-56) Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Complex. Rioters occupied the empty [Senate chamber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber "United States Senate chamber"), while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor. [Pipe bombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_bomb "Pipe bomb") were found at the [Democratic National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") and [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") headquarters, and [Molotov cocktails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov_cocktail "Molotov cocktail") were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol. Trump resisted sending the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._National_Guard "D.C. National Guard") to quell the mob. That afternoon, in a [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter") video, he restated false claims about the election and told his supporters to "go home in peace".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Durkee-58) The Capitol was cleared of rioters by mid-evening, and the electoral vote count was resumed and completed by the morning of January 7, concluding with Pence declaring the final electoral vote count in favor of President-elect Biden. Pressured by [his cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump"), the threat of removal, and [resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resignation "Resignation"), Trump conceded to an [orderly transition of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orderly_transition_of_power "Orderly transition of power") in a televised statement.
A week after the attack, the House of Representatives [impeached Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for [incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition "Sedition"), making him the only U.S. president to be [impeached](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States "Impeachment in the United States") twice. After Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57â43 in favor of conviction, but fell short of the required two-thirds, resulting in his acquittal. Senate [Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") blocked a bill to create a bipartisan [independent commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") to investigate the attack, so the House instead approved a select [investigation committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6th_Committee "January 6th Committee").[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-59)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-60)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-61) They held [public hearings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_hearings_of_the_United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack"),[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR_Transcript-62)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HouseEvent114977-63) voted to [subpoena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subpoena "Subpoena") Trump, and recommended that the [Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") (DOJ) prosecute him. Following [a special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation"), Trump was [indicted on four charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"), all dismissed following [his reelection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") to [the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"). Trump and elected Republican officials have promoted a [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spreading [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory"), and portraying those charged with crimes as hostages and martyrs.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-64)
Of the 1,424 people then charged with federal crimes relating to the event,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) 1,010 pled guilty,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) and 1,060 were sentenced, 64% of them to jail time.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) Some participants were linked to [far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right "Far-right") extremist groups or [conspiratorial movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics "Conspiracy theories in United States politics"), including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters"),[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-UMD_article-66) some of whom were convicted of [seditious conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_conspiracy "Seditious conspiracy").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPRTracker-67) [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio"), then chairman of the Proud Boys, received the longest sentence, a 22-year prison term.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kunzelman-68) On January 20, 2025, upon taking office, [Trump granted clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), including those convicted of violent offenses but excluding himself.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21)
Background
Attempts to overturn the presidential election
Joe Biden, of the Democratic Party, defeated incumbent Republican Party president Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-69) Trump and other Republicans [attempted to overturn the election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), falsely claiming widespread [voter fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_fraud "Electoral fraud").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_tweet_-_I_won_this_election.png)
Trump's tweet shortly after polls had closed
Within hours after the polls closing, while votes were still being tabulated, Trump declared victory, demanding counting be halted.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-71) He began a campaign to subvert the election, through [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election") and extralegal effort. Trump's attorneys concluded there was neither a factual foundation nor valid legal argument for challenging the election results.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rutenberg-72) Despite those analyses, Trump sought to overturn the results by filing sixty lawsuits, including two that came before the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"). Those challenges were all rejected by the courts, for lack of evidence or [legal standing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_\(law\) "Standing (law)").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)
Trump then mounted a campaign to pressure Republican governors, secretaries of state, and state legislatures to nullify results by replacing slates of Biden electors with slates pledged to Trump, or by manufacturing evidence of fraud; Trump's role in the [plot to use fake electors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") led to prosecutions [in Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") and [in federal court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"). He demanded lawmakers investigate ostensible election "irregularities", such as by conducting signature matches of [mailed-in ballots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_voting "Postal voting"), disregarding any prior analytic efforts. Trump made inquiries regarding the possibility of invoking [martial law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law "Martial law") to "re-run" or reverse the election[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-73) and appointed a [special counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_counsel "Special counsel") to find instances of fraud, despite conclusions by federal and state officials that such cases were few or non-existent. Trump ultimately undertook neither step.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-trumpfraudclaims-70) Trump repeatedly urged Pence to alter the results and stop Biden from taking office despite none of those actions being within Pence's constitutional powers as vice president and [president of the Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate"). Trump repeated this call in his rally speech on the morning of January 6.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)
Numerous scholars, historians, political scientists, and journalists have characterized these efforts to overturn the election as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup") by Trump and an implementation of the "[big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie "Big lie")".[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Multiple_Sources-39)
Planning of January 6 events
On December 18, Trump called for supporters to attend a rally before the January 6 Congressional vote count, writing on Twitter, "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-agitation01-7)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-75) On December 28, far-right activist [Ali Alexander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Alexander "Ali Alexander") described collaboration with the Proud Boys and explained the purpose of the January 6 event would be "to build momentum and pressure" to convince members of Congress to alter the election results.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-76) He named three Republican members of the House as allies who were planning "something big": [Paul Gosar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gosar "Paul Gosar"), [Andy Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Biggs "Andy Biggs") and [Mo Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Brooks "Mo Brooks").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-77) "We're the four guys who came up with a January 6 event", Alexander said.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-78)
On December 23, [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone")'s group [Stop the Steal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Steal "Stop the Steal") posted plans to "occupy just outside" the Capitol with promises to "escalate" if opposed by police.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-planned_openly-79) Stone recorded a video for his "Stop The Steal Security Project" to raise funds "for the staging, the transportation and most importantly the security" of the event.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-80) The event was largely funded by Trump donor [Julie Fancelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fancelli "Julie Fancelli"), heiress to the [Publix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publix "Publix") supermarket fortune, who budgeted \$3 million for and spent at least \$650,000.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-81) Fancelli's funding, via conspiracy theorist [Alex Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Jones "Alex Jones"), was used to reserve the Ellipse. With Fancelli's funding, a [robocall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robocall "Robocall") campaign urged people to "march to the Capitol building and call on Congress to stop the steal".[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-82) Jones claimed the White House asked him to lead the march to the Capitol.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-83)
On January 2, Trump announced plans to speak at the "March to Save America" rally on January 6\.[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-84)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-85)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-86)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-tanfani-87) On January 4, [Steve Bannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bannon "Steve Bannon") said he was part of "the bloodless coup".[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_7/15/2022-88)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Peltz_10/29/2021-89)
Seditious conspiracy by Oath Keepers and Proud Boys
On November 5, two days after the election, leaders of the Oath Keepers began communicating about a "civil war". On November 9, the leaders held a members-only online conference in which leader Stewart Rhodes outlined a plan to stop the transfer of power, including preparations for using force. The Oath Keepers planned to store "an arsenal" with a "Quick Reaction Force" (QRF) in nearby Alexandria, Virginia. The leaders planned to procure boat transportation so bridge closures could not prevent their entry into D.C.[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-94)
On December 12, about 200 Proud Boys joined a march near [Freedom Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Plaza "Freedom Plaza") and the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_\(Washington,_D.C.\)#Trump_International_Hotel_Washington,_D.C. "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") dressed in combat fatigues and ballistic vests.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-95) In scuffles between protesters and counter-protesters, four people were stabbed and at least 23 arrested.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Khalil-96) Three days later, Proud Boy members were being photographed wearing apparel featuring the antisemitic, Neo-Nazi slogan "6MWE" (6 million wasn't enough),[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Snopes6MWE-97) referring to the number of Jewish [Holocaust victims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_victims "Holocaust victims"). The slogan was accompanied by an Eagle and [fasces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasces "Fasces") symbol used by the [Italian Fascists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic "Italian Social Republic").[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Snopes6MWE-97) The image, which spread on Twitter, prompted the [Anti-Defamation League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League "Anti-Defamation League") to declare that the "Proud Boys' Bigotry is on Full Display".[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-98)
On December 19, Oath Keepers leader [Kelly Meggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Meggs "Kelly Meggs") called Proud Boys leader [Enrique Tarrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio "Enrique Tarrio").[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-99) One Proud Boy leader posted a message saying, "I am assuming most of the protest will be at the capital \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] building given what's going on inside".[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-100) The Proud Boys leadership encouraged members to attend the January 6 event. Leaders used a crowdfunding website to raise money and purchase paramilitary equipment such as concealed tactical vests and radio equipment in preparation for the attack. Chapter leadership spent the days prior to, and morning of January 6, planning the attack.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-102) On December 29, leaders announced plans to be "incognito" on January 6, by not wearing their traditional black and yellow garb.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-103) On December 30, the leadership received a document titled "[1776 Returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_Returns "1776 Returns")", which called for the occupation of "crucial buildings" on January 6 and argued for supporters to "Storm the [Winter Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Palace "Winter Palace")" in a reference to an attack on the Capitol.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Carless-104) On January 3 and 4, Proud Boys leadership explicitly discussed "storming" the Capitol.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
On January 3, Rhodes departed home, having spent \$6,000 on a rifle and other firearms equipment in Texas, and \$4,500 in Mississippi, en route to D.C. On January 5, leaders began unloading weapons for the "QRF". Leaders drove into D.C. on a "reconnaissance mission".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90) On January 4, Tarrio was arrested by D.C. police in connection with a prior destruction-of-property charge. Fearing the police would access Tarrio's messaging apps, leadership deleted the group chat and created a new one. Tarrio was released on January 5 and ordered to leave the city. Rather than immediately comply, he traveled to a parking garage to meet with Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-105)
The night of January 5, Proud Boys leaders divided members into teams, passed out radios, and programmed them to specific channels in preparation. Orders were issued to assemble at 10 a.m. at the [Washington Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monument "Washington Monument"). Leadership warned members to avoid police and blend in with the public.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-106) On January 6, about 100 plainclothes members assembled at the Washington Monument and were led to the Capitol to participate in the attack.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
Predictions of violence
The weeks preceding January 6 were filled with predictions of violence by Trump supporters. The attack was later said to be "planned in plain sight", with postings on social media even planning for violence on January 6.
Commentators had long feared that Trump might provoke violence after an electoral loss.[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-107)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108) For weeks before January 6, there were over one million mentions of storming the Capitol on social media, including calls for violence against Congress, Pence, and the police.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Lytvyenko210106-109)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-frenkeljan6-110)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-planned_openly-79) On December 28, a map was posted showing entrances and exits to the Capitol and tunnels that connect it to House and Senate office buildings. Black X's represented forces that would be "ready for action" if Congress tried to certify the election.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcnews.com-111) On January 1, the operator of a website about the tunnels noticed a traffic spike, prompting him to notify the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") of a likely attack.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-112)
From December 29 to January 5, the FBI and its field offices warned of armed protests at every state capitol and reported plans by Trump supporters that included violence.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-113) On December 30, one popular comment was posted, saying, "I'm thinking it will be literal war on that day. Where we'll storm offices and physically remove and even kill all the D.C. traitors and reclaim the country".[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108) That comment was highlighted in a January 2 article by *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* which reported protesters were discussing bringing guns, breaking into federal buildings, and attacking law enforcement.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wapojan28predict-108)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-114) In the days leading up to the attack, organizations, including ones that monitor [online extremism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization "Online youth radicalization"), issued warnings about the event.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-115)
On January 5, the media published stories about widespread predictions of violence, and D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") called for residents to avoid the downtown area where protesters would march.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-116) Two D.C. food and lodging establishments with a history of being patronized by the Proud Boys announced temporary closures, citing safety concerns.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-DCist2020-117) Members of Congress reached out to law enforcement charged with protecting the Capitol against violence and were assured Capitol Police were prepared.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Three days before the Capitol attack, the [Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") intelligence unit circulated a memo warning that Trump supporters see the day of the Electoral College vote count "as the last opportunity to overturn the results of the presidential election" and could use violence against "Congress itself" on that date.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-119)
Law enforcement and National Guard preparations
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_C._Miller_official_portrait_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ryan_McCarthy-Acting_Secretary_of_the_Army_\(cropped_wide\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mag._Gen._William_J._Walker,_commander,_District_of_Columbia_National_Guard.png)
On November 9, Trump fired [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") and replaced him with [Christopher C. Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller "Christopher C. Miller").[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-120) In response, [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency") (CIA) director [Gina Haspel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina_Haspel "Gina Haspel") told Chairman of the [Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Joint Chiefs of Staff") [Mark Milley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley "Mark Milley") "we are on the way to a right-wing coup".[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-121) On December 18, Miller unilaterally terminated the Department of Defense's transition to the [incoming administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"), falsely claiming it was a mutually-agreed pause for the holidays.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-122)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-123)
On January 2, Republican senator [Mitt Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney "Mitt Romney") â who himself had lost the [2012 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election") against [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama"), and conceded in an orderly manner â contacted Senate majority leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell"), predicting reinforcements would be denied, "... a senior official at the Pentagon... reports that they are seeing very disturbing social media traffic regarding the protests planned on the 6th. There are calls to burn down your home, Mitch; to smuggle guns into DC, and to storm the Capitol. I hope that sufficient security plans are in place, but I am concerned that the instigatorâthe Presidentâis the one who commands the reinforcements the DC and Capitol police might require".[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-124)
On January 3, all ten living former defense secretaries released an open letter in which they expressed concerns about a potential coup to overturn the election, mentioning Christopher Miller by name.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-125) That day, Trump ordered Miller to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-protect_demonstrators-126) The next day, Miller signed [a memo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Miller_memo_of_Jan_4_2021.jpg "File:Christopher Miller memo of Jan 4 2021.jpg") severely limiting the ability of the D.C. National Guard to deploy without his permission. Since his appointment in 2018, D.C. National Guard commanding major general [William J. Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Walker "William J. Walker") had standing orders to respond to civil disturbances in the district, but on January 5, Walker received new orders from Secretary of the Army [Ryan McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") forbidding him to respond to a civil disturbance without explicit prior approval from McCarthy and Miller.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127) Previously, he had authority to respond without seeking permission.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PentRest-128) After the attack, Walker described the order as "unusual", noting "It required me to seek authorization from the secretary of the Army and the secretary of defense to essentially protect my guardsmen".[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127)
On January 4, D.C. mayor Bowser announced that the [Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") (MPD) would lead law enforcement in the district, and would coordinate with the Capitol Police, the [U.S. Park Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Park_Police "U.S. Park Police"), and the [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service "U.S. Secret Service").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MyreWhereWere2021-129) Jurisdictionally, the Metropolitan Police Department is responsible for city streets of the National Mall and Capitol area, whereas the Park Police are responsible for the Ellipse, the Secret Service is responsible for the vicinity of the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House"), and the Capitol Police is responsible for the Capitol complex itself.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MyreWhereWere2021-129) During a meeting with a representative of the Capitol Police, the Mayor asked, "\[W\]here does your perimeter start?" At that point, the individual left the room, and stopped participating in the conference. The mayor later recalled, "\[T\]hat should have been like a trigger to me. Like these people, they don't want to answer questions about their preparation".[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
On January 6, under "orders from leadership", the Capitol Police deployed without "less lethal" arms such as [sting grenades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade#Sting "Grenade"). The Capitol Police armory was not properly maintained; riot shields had been improperly stored at the wrong temperature, rendering them ineffective, while ammunition stores were expired.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-slams-131)
Trump supporters gather in D.C.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_T_Flynn.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roger_Stone_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
On January 5, [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn") (*left*) and [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone") (*right*) spoke at a Trump rally near the Capitol. Both had received presidential pardons in the past month.\[*[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
On January 5, events related to overturning the election occurred on or near the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") in Washington, D.C., at places such as Freedom Plaza, the North Inner Gravel Walkway between 13th and 14th Streets, Area 9 across from the [Russell Senate Office Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building "Russell Senate Office Building"), and near the [United States Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court "United States Supreme Court").[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-133) On the night of January 5 and into the morning of January 6, at least ten people were arrested, several on weapons charges.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-134)
On January 5, [Ray Epps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Epps_\(military_veteran\) "Ray Epps (military veteran)"), an individual with a history in the Arizona Oath Keepers, was filmed during two street gatherings urging people to go into the Capitol the next day, "peacefully", he said at one of the gatherings.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Putterman-135)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-136) Epps was filmed on January 6 telling people to "go to the Capitol".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Putterman-135) Epps had texted his nephew that he was "orchestrating" the flow into the Capitol building.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-137) Epps later claimed that he had been boasting about "directing" people towards the Capitol.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-138)
From 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. on January 5, a series of Trump rallies were held at Freedom Plaza.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132) Notable speakers included Alex Jones, [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn"), [George Papadopoulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Papadopoulos "George Papadopoulos"), and Roger Stone.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-139)
Flynn and Stone had received presidential pardons in prior weeks. On December 8, Trump pardoned retired US Army lieutenant general Michael Flynn, who had pleaded guilty to "willfully and knowingly" [making false statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making_false_statements "Making false statements") to the FBI about communications with the Russian ambassador. Flynn, a prominent [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") proponent, participated in the D.C. events on January 5, while his brother, U.S. Army general [Charles Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Flynn "Charles A. Flynn"), would participate in a conference call on January 6 when he would refuse permission to deploy the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_\(United_States\) "National Guard (United States)") after the breach of the Capitol.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-140) On December 23, Trump pardoned Roger Stone, who had been found guilty at trial of [witness tampering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_tampering "Witness tampering"), making false statements to Congress, and obstruction. Stone, who had longtime ties to the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, employed Oath Keepers as security on January 5.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-141) Stone's Oath-Keeper driver, [Roberto Minuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Minuta "Roberto Minuta"), was later convicted of seditious conspiracy for his role in plotting and executing the following day's attack.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-142)
January 5 meetings
In the evening of January 5, Trump's closest allies, including Michael Flynn, [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), Alabama senator [Tommy Tuberville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville "Tommy Tuberville"), and Trump's sons [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") and [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump"), met at the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_\(Washington,_D.C.\) "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") in Washington, D.C.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-144) Tuberville has since said that he did not attend the meeting,[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-145) despite having been photographed in the hotel's lobby.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-146) According to [Charles Herbster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Herbster "Charles Herbster"), who said he attended the meeting himself, attendees included Tuberville, Adam Piper, and [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"). Daniel Beck wrote that "Fifteen of us spent the evening with Donald Trump Jr., [Kimberly Guilfoyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Guilfoyle "Kimberly Guilfoyle"), Tommy Tuberville, [Mike Lindell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lindell "Mike Lindell"), Peter Navarro, and [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani")".[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-147) Herbster claimed to be standing "in the private residence of the President at Trump International with the following patriots who are joining me in a battle for justice and truth". He added [David Bossie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bossie "David Bossie") to the list of attendees.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pierce_1/28/2021-143)
Bombs placed
| External image |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Searchtool.svg) [FBI images of bomb suspect](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/seeking-info/suspected-pipe-bombs-in-washington-dc) |
[FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") compilation of bombs being placed[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-148)
At 7:40 p.m. on January 5, someone was filmed carrying a bag through a neighborhood on South Capitol Street. At 7:52 p.m., the person was recorded sitting on a bench outside the DNC; the next day, a pipe bomb was discovered there, under a bush. In the footage, the suspect appears to zip a bag, stand and walk away. At 8:14, the suspect was filmed in an alley near the RNC, where a second pipe bomb was found the following day.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-149) Both bombs were placed within a few blocks of the Capitol.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-150)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-151) Nearing the second anniversary of the incident, a reward of \$500,000 was offered.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-152) In December 2025, a suspect in connection with the incident was arrested by the FBI[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-153)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-154) and told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories about the 2020 election.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-155)
January 6 Trump rally
On January 6, the "Save America" rally (or "March to Save America", promoted as a "Save America March")[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Save_America_March-156) took place on [the Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse") within the National Mall just south of the White House. The permit granted to [Women for America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Kremer#Women_for_Trump,_Women_for_America_First_and_Women_Vote_Smart "Amy Kremer") scheduled a first amendment rally "March for Trump", with speeches running from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., with an additional hour for the conclusion of the rally and dispersal of participants.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-permits-132)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rudy_Giuliani_\(49279860108\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_C._Eastman_2013.jpg)
Trump supporters gathered on the Ellipse to hear speeches from Trump, Rudy Giuliani, and others, such as [Chapman University School of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_University_School_of_Law "Chapman University School of Law") professor [John Eastman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eastman "John Eastman"), who spoke, at least in part, based on [his memorandums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memorandums "Eastman memorandums"), which have been described as an instruction manual for a coup d'Ă©tat.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-157)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-158) In a February court filing, [Jessica Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Marie_Watkins "Jessica Marie Watkins"), a member of the Oath Keepers, claimed she had acted as "security" at the rally in collaboration with the Secret Service. The Secret Service denied this,[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-159) with Watkins later changing her story;[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-160) in 2023, she was sentenced to 8\+1â2 years in prison.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-161)
Mo Brooks was a featured speaker at the rally and spoke around 9 a.m., where he said, "Today is the day American patriots start taking down names and kicking ass". And later, "Are you willing to do what it takes to fight for America? Louder! Will you fight for America?"[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-163)
Representative [Madison Cawthorn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Cawthorn "Madison Cawthorn") said, "This crowd has some fight".[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-164) Women for America First founder Amy Kremer told attendees, "it is up to you and I to save this Republic" and called on them to "keep up the fight".[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-tanfani-87) Trump's sons, Donald Jr. and Eric, along with Eric's wife [Lara Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Trump "Lara Trump"), also spoke, naming and verbally attacking Republican congressmen and senators who were not supporting the effort to challenge the Electoral College vote, and promising to campaign against them in future primary elections.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-165) Donald Jr. said of Republican lawmakers, "If you're gonna be the zero and not the hero, we're coming for you".[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-166)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-167)
Rudy Giuliani repeated conspiracy theories that voting machines used in the election were "crooked" and at 10:50 called for "[trial by combat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_combat "Trial by combat")".[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-168)[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-169) Eastman asserted that balloting machines contained "secret folders" that altered voting results.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-170)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-172) At 10:58, a Proud Boys contingent left the rally and marched toward the Capitol Building.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)
On January 6, the "Wild Protest" was organized by Stop The Steal and took place in Area 8, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-173) On January 6, the "Freedom Rally" was organized by Virginia Freedom Keepers, [Latinos for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinos_for_Trump "Latinos for Trump"), and United Medical Freedom Super PAC at 300 First Street NE, across from the Russell Senate Office Building.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-174)
Trump's speech
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_United_States_Capitol_VOA_1_\(cropped\).jpg)
An image of [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") delivering his rally speech from behind a bulletproof shield was projected onto this screen at the rally
Starting at 11:58, from behind a bulletproof shield, [President Trump gave a speech](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_Save_America_Rally_Speech "s:Donald Trump's Save America Rally Speech"), declaring that he would "never concede" the election, criticizing the media, and calling for Pence to overturn the election results.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-175) His speech contained many falsehoods and misrepresentations that inflamed the crowd.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-176) Trump did not call on his supporters to use violence or enter the Capitol,[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177) but his speech was filled with violent imagery.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178) On social media, Trump was suggesting that his supporters had the power to prevent Biden from taking office.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177) One of his tweets, posted on January 6, 2021, at 5:43 a.m., was "Get smart Republicans. FIGHT".[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABC_News_2021-01-07-179) The same afternoon, Pence released a letter to Congress, in which he said he could not challenge Biden's victory.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_2021-01-06-74)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-180)
Although the initial plan for the rally called for people to remain at the Ellipse until the counting of electoral slates was complete, the White House said they should march to the Capitol, as Trump repeatedly urged during his speech.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rutenberg-72) Trump called for his supporters to "walk down to the Capitol" to "cheer on our brave senators and congressmen and women and we're probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them". He told the crowd that he would be with them, but he ultimately did not go to the Capitol. As to counting Biden's electoral votes, Trump said, "We can't let that happen" and suggested Biden would be an "illegitimate president".[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178) Referring to the day of the elections, Trump said, "most people would stand there at 9:00 in the evening and say, 'I want to thank you very much,' and they go off to some other life, but I said, 'Something's wrong here. Something's really wrong. \[It\] can't have happened.' And we fight. We fight like Hell and if you don't fight like Hell, you're not going to have a country anymore".[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TrumpsSpeech-181): 01:11:44 He said the protesters would be "going to the Capitol and we're going to try and give \[Republicans\] the kind of pride and boldness that they need to take back our country".[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-182) Trump also said, "you'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength and you have to be strong. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated".[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)
Trump denounced Representative [Liz Cheney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Cheney "Liz Cheney"), saying, "We've got to get rid of the weak Congresspeople, the ones that aren't any good, the Liz Cheneys of the world".[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-183) He called upon his supporters to "fight much harder" against "bad people"; told the crowd that "you are allowed to go by very different rules"; said that his supporters were "not going to take it any longer"; framed the moment as the [last stand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_stand "Last stand"); suggested that Pence and other Republican officials put themselves in danger by accepting Biden's victory; and told the crowd he would march with them to the Capitol (but was prevented from doing so by his security detail).[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Blake-177)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-184) In addition to the twenty times he used the term "fight", Trump once used the term "peacefully", saying, "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard".[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)
During Trump's speech, his supporters chanted "Take the Capitol", "Taking the Capitol right now", "Invade the Capitol", "Storm the Capitol" and "Fight for Trump".[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-185)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-186) Before Trump had finished speaking at 1:12 p.m., the Proud Boys had begun their attack on the Capitol and breached the outer perimeter of the Capitol grounds; the two pipe bombs had been discovered nearby.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Among_the_Insurrectionists-187)
Attack on the Capitol
[Police radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_radio "Police radio") traffic during the attack
Just before the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") attacked the Capitol, [pipe bombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_bombs "Pipe bombs") were discovered nearby.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-188) Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, and other attackers besieged and breached the Capitol. Members of Congress barricaded themselves in the chamber, and one unarmed woman, airforce veteran Ashli Babbitt, was fatally shot by police while attempting to breach a barricade.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-189)
After officials at the Pentagon delayed deployment of the National Guard, citing concerns about optics, D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") requested assistance from Virginia governor [Ralph Northam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Northam "Ralph Northam"). By 3:15, [Virginia State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Police "Virginia State Police") began arriving in D.C.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NorthamRecount-190) After Vice President Pence and Congress were evacuated to secure locations, law enforcement cleared and secured the Capitol.
Proud Boys march to Capitol as mob assembles
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_attack_map.png)
Map of major events by order; in blue are events generally considered to be prior to the attack, and in red are events that pertain to the attack itself. Highlighted events mark actions led by pro-Trump [paramilitary groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_groups "Paramilitary groups"), with unaffiliated Trump supporters surrounding the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") but concentrated on the west side.
- (1) Beginning at 9 a.m., a rally was held at the [White House Ellipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ellipse "The Ellipse").
- (2) [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") assembled at the [Washington Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monument "Washington Monument") at 10 a.m. and departed for the Capitol around 10:30.
- (3) About 12:40 p.m., a bomb was discovered outside the [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee").
- (4) Minutes later, at 12:53 p.m., a crowd of Trump supporters, encouraged by the Proud Boys, breached a barricade on the outer perimeter in the west, gaining entry to Capitol grounds. Similar breaches on the same front would happen within minutes of each other.
- (5) At 1:07 p.m., a second bomb was discovered outside the [DNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee").
- (6) At 2:10 p.m., the Proud Boysâled mob breach the Capitol by breaking through windows on the west terrace with a stolen police riot shield and wooden beams.
- (7) [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") marched up Capitol steps in a stack formation, amidst a crowd of Trump supporters attempting to enter on the east side; at 2:39 p.m., the mob breached the Capitol through a door to the [rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda "United States Capitol rotunda").
At 10:30, over a hundred Proud Boys left the Washington Monument, led by [Ethan Nordean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Nordean "Ethan Nordean") and [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs"). By 11:52, the group reached the Capitol and walked around it before doubling back to the west side, which allowed them to assess building defenses and look for weaknesses.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-191)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR_Transcript-62)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-192)
En route, comments from a Proud Boy served as an indicator of a plan to attack the Capitol, according to a documentary filmmaker on scene:
> There's only one moment where that â the sort of facade of marching and protesting might have fallen, which is there was a â one of the Proud Boys called Milkshake and Eddie Block on his livestream catches Milkshake saying, well, let's go storm the Capitol with Nordean â Rufio â one of the leaders of the Proud Boys saying, you could keep that quiet, please, Milkshake. And then we continued on marching.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-193)
Around 12:30, a crowd of about 300 assembled east of the Capitol. Senator [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley "Josh Hawley"), a leader of the group of lawmakers who vowed to challenge the Electoral College vote, greeted these protesters with a [raised fist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_fist "Raised fist") as he passed on his way to Congress's joint session.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-194)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-195) At 12:52, a group of Oath Keepers, wearing black [hoodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodie "Hoodie") with prominent logos, left the rally at the Ellipse and changed into [Army Combat Uniforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Combat_Uniform "Army Combat Uniform"), with helmets, on their way to the Capitol.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)
Shortly before 12:53, Nordean and Biggs marched the group of 200â300 Proud Boys to a barricade on the west side of the Capitol grounds near the [Peace Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Monument "Peace Monument"). Biggs used a megaphone to lead the crowd in chants.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
Bombs discovered near Capitol Complex
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_6_pipe_bomb.jpg)
One of two pipe bombs discovered adjacent to the Capitol on January 6
Around 12:45 p.m., a bomb was discovered next to a building containing [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") (RNC) offices by a woman using the shared alleyway to access her apartment building's laundry room.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_3LNen-196) She alerted RNC security, which investigated and summoned law enforcement; U.S. Capitol Police, FBI agents and the [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives") (ATF) all responded to the RNC bomb.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_madison-197)
About thirty minutes later, while officers were still responding at the RNC, they were informed a second pipe bomb had been discovered under a bush at the [Democratic National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") (DNC) headquarters.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Hazardous-198)[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Seattle.Obscured-199) Vice President-elect [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") was inside the DNC headquarters at the time the pipe bomb was discovered.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) Capitol Police began investigating the DNC pipe bomb at 1:07 p.m., and Harris was evacuated at approximately 1:14 p.m.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) The devices were of a similar design â about one foot (30 cm) in length.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Seattle.Obscured-199)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Posts-201) They were rendered safe by [bomb squads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_squad "Bomb squad");[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ABC.Hazardous-198) the pipe bomb at the RNC was neutralized at 3:33 p.m. and the pipe bomb at the DNC was neutralized at 4:36 p.m., according to a Capitol Police timeline.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) The bombs were fully functional and constructed of [galvanized steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanized_steel "Galvanized steel") pipes, homemade [black powder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_powder "Black powder"), and kitchen timers.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-203) The FBI stated that the bombs "were viable and could have been detonated, resulting in serious injury or death".[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)
Sund told *The Washington Post* on January 10 that he suspected the pipe bombs were intentionally placed to draw police away from the Capitol;[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_wp-ldhd-hamstrung-204) Representative [Tim Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Ryan_\(Ohio_politician\) "Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)") (D-Ohio) echoed the sentiment in a virtual news conference on January 11, saying, "\[W\]e do believe there was some level of coordination ... because of the pipe bombs ... that immediately drew attention away from the breach that was happening".[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_cspan-ryan-bomb-coord-205)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-bg-justice-150-206) The Inspector General of the Capitol Police later concluded, "If those pipe bombs were intended to be diversion... it worked".[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-207) As the mob of Trump supporters attacked the Capitol, the discovery of the pipe bombs diverted a large number of already-outnumbered law enforcement officers from the Capitol.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Protectee-200) Capitol Police Inspector General Michael Bolton testified before Congress that "the bombs drew three teams to investigate" and left only one squad at the Capitol.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Press-Reynolds-202)
On January 7, 2025, Trump claimed that the FBI had identified a suspect.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-208) In February, podcaster [Dan Bongino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bongino "Dan Bongino"), who was about to step into the role of deputy director of the FBI, claimed the attempted pipe bomb had been "an inside job" and that "the F.B.I. knows who this person is".[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-209)[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-210) Ten months later, on December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, Jr. was arrested in Virginia.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-211)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-212) Investigators said there is no evidence that Cole has any connections to the US government, foreign countries, or political organizations. While he reportedly told the FBI that he believed conspiracy theories that claimed the [2020 election was rigged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#False_claims_of_fraud "2020 United States presidential election") in Biden's favor, Cole began purchasing components of the bombs in 2019, and the FBI has not ascribed to him any specific motive.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-213)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-214)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-215) Cole told investigators that he "was going to a protest in support of \[then President\] Trump", but when asked why he planted bombs outside of both the RNC and DNC buildings, Cole said "I really don't like either party at this point" and claimed that the planned attack was unrelated to the [certification of the 2020 election results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Certification_and_January_6th "2020 United States presidential election").[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-216) Bongino officially left his FBI position on January 3, 2026,[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-217) and Cole was indicted on January 6,[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-218) after which Cole's lawyers argued for his freedom under Trump's [mass pardon of the rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants").[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-219)
Attack begins near Peace Monument, led by Proud Boys
| External videos |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg) Reneau, Natalie; Cooper, Stella; Feuer, Alan; Byrd, Aaron (June 17, 2022). ["How the Proud Boys Breached the Capitol on Jan. 6: Rile Up the Normies"](https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000008392796/rile-up-the-normies-how-proud-boys-breached-the-capitol.html). Visual Investigations. *The New York Times*. |
The Proud Boys contingent reached the west perimeter of the Capitol grounds, which was protected only by a sparse line of police in front of a temporary fence. Other Trump supporters arrived, adding to a growing crowd. The Proud Boys coordinated their attacks "from the first moment of violence to multiple breaches of the Capitol while leaving the impression that it was just ordinary protesters leading the charge".[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Proud Boys targeted an access point and riled up the previously peaceful crowd.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) In a "tipping point", a man later identified as [Ryan Samsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Samsel "Ryan Samsel") approached Joe Biggs and talked with him, even embracing him. Samsel told the FBI that Biggs "encouraged him to push at the barricades and that when he hesitated, the Proud Boys leader flashed a gun, questioned his manhood and repeated his demand to move upfront and challenge the police".[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-221) Proud Boy Dominic Pezzola recalled seeing Biggs flash a handgun and goading Samsel, telling him to "defend his manhood" by attacking the police line, but later tried to retract this statement.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-222) Samsel talked to Oath Keeper Ray Epps in the same time frame, with Samsel and Epps stating that Epps was attempting to calm Samsel down and dissuade him from attacking police as Biggs was encouraging him to do. Samsel later changed his story.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-223)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-224) Shortly after speaking to Epps and Biggs, Samsel became the first to violently attack police. Officer [Caroline Edwards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Edwards "Caroline Edwards") described the attack:
> Ms. Edwards described how a Proud Boys leader named [Joseph Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Biggs "Joseph Biggs") encouraged another man to approach the bike rack barricade where she was posted. That man, Ryan Samsel, she said, pushed the bike rack over, causing her to hit her head and lose consciousness. But before she blacked out, Ms. Edwards recalled seeing "a war scene" playing out in front of her. Police officers were bleeding and throwing up, she recalled. "It was carnage", she said. "It was chaos".[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-225)
Video showed Edwards being pushed back behind a bicycle rack as Proud Boys pushed barricades towards her, knocking her off her feet and causing her to hit her head on the steps.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-226)
The Proud Boys led the charge toward the Capitol, to the next police line,[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) repeating the same tactics: identifying access points, riling up protesters, and sometimes joining in the violence. When met with resistance, leaders reassessed, and teams of Proud Boys targeted new entry points.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_article-227)
Around 1pm, hundreds of Trump supporters clashed with a line of officers and pushed through barriers along the Capitol perimeter.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-228) The crowd swept past barriers and officers, with members of the mob spraying officers with [chemical agents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_agent "Chemical agent") or hitting them with lead pipes.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2021-01-11-ap-sinister-3)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-229) Many rioters walked up the external stairways, while some resorted to ropes and makeshift ladders.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-230) Police blocked the entrance to a tunnel at the lower west terrace, where rioters waged a three-hour fight to enter.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-231) To gain access to the Capitol, several rioters scaled the west wall.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-232) Representative [Zoe Lofgren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren "Zoe Lofgren"), aware rioters had reached the Capitol steps, could not reach Capitol police chief [Steven Sund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Sund "Steven Sund") by phone. House sergeant-at-arms [Paul D. Irving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Irving "Paul D. Irving") told Lofgren the doors to the Capitol were locked and "nobody can get in".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Telephone logs show Sund had been coordinating additional resources from various agencies. Sund's first call was to the D.C. Metropolitan Police, who arrived within 15 minutes.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hermann210114-233) Sund called Irving and Stenger at 12:58 and asked for an emergency declaration required to call in the [National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_National_Guard "District of Columbia National Guard"); they told Sund they would "run it up the chain", but approval was withheld for over an hour.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_hamstrung-234)
After his speech concluded at 1:00 p.m. Trump ordered his Secret Service detail to drive him to the Capitol. When they refused, Trump reportedly assaulted his Secret Service driver, lunging for the man's throat.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-235)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_6_Proud-Boys_lead_tip_of_the_spear_to_breach_Capitol_Building.png)
On January 6, [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") and other [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") led the "tip of the spear" to breach the [Capitol building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol"). The *LA Times* noted that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", attackers ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where two unreinforced windows and two doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
Around 1:12 p.m., reinforcements from the MPD, equipped with crowd control gear, arrived on the lower west terrace.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-237) From 1:25 to 1:28, three different groups of Proud Boys leaders were recorded marching in stack formations away from the newly reinforced police line.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) After about fifteen minutes of observing, the Proud Boys went back on the attack, targeting new access points that were poorly defended.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Ronald Loehrke and other Proud Boys led a contingent to the east side of the Capitol. Proud Boys again used distraction and teamwork to remove barricades, prompting the previously peaceful crowd on the east side to overrun barriers along the police line.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
On the west side, Joe Biggs led a team of Proud Boys that targeted the stairs covered by temporary scaffolding.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Within minutes of Biggs's arrival, a team of Proud Boys approached the entrance to the scaffolding and attacked police.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220) Proud Boy Daniel "Milkshake" Scott led the charge, and a 20-minute battle for the scaffolding ensued.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_video-220)
At 1:50 p.m., the on-scene MPD incident commander declared a riot.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hermann210114-233) At 1:58, Capitol Police officers removed a barricade on the northeast side of the Capitol, allowing hundreds of protestors to stream onto the grounds.[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-238)
Attackers on west terrace breach Senate Wing hallway
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Initial_breach_of_the_Capitol_during_January_6_attack_as_recorded_by_security_camera.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Police_Office_Eugene_Goodman_saves_Senate_by_lightly_shoving_attacker_Doug_Jensen.png)
[Proud Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boy "Proud Boy") leader [Dominic Pezzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Pezzola "Dominic Pezzola") (*top*) using a stolen police [riot shield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_shield "Riot shield") to breach the Capitol at 2:11, allowing attackers including Pezzola, Doug Jensen, [Joe Biggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biggs "Joe Biggs") and others to stream into the building (*middle*). A lone Capitol Police officer (*bottom*), [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman_\(police_officer\) "Eugene Goodman (police officer)"), realizing he was steps away from the still-unsealed Senate chamber doors, shoved attacker Doug Jensen, leading the mob away from the Senate and towards a line of waiting Capitol Police reinforcements.
Just before 2:00 p.m., attackers reached the doors and windows of the Capitol and attempted to break in. The *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")* observed that "whether by sheer luck, real-time trial and error, or advance knowledge", the first attackers to break through the police line onto the upper west terrace ran past 15 reinforced windows, "making a beeline" for the recessed area near the Senate where unreinforced windows and doors with unreinforced glass were the only protection from attack.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236) At 2:11, Proud Boy leader Dominic Pezzola used a police riot shield to smash an un-reinforced window on the west side of the Capitol, breaching the building. By 2:13, the Capitol was breached.[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-241) Although most of the Capitol's windows had been reinforced, attackers targeted those that remained as single-pane glass and could be broken easily.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-beeline-236) Joe Biggs and other Proud Boy leaders had entered the Capitol by 2:14.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101) A [news crew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_crew "News crew") from [ITV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_News "ITV News") followed the rioters into the Capitol, the only broadcaster to do so.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-242)[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-243)
At 2:13, Pence was removed from the Senate chamber by a Secret Service agent, who brought him to an office about 100 feet (30 m) from the landing. Pence's wife [Karen Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Pence "Karen Pence"), daughter [Charlotte Pence Bond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Pence_Bond "Charlotte Pence Bond"), and brother, Representative [Greg Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Pence "Greg Pence"), were in the Capitol.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-244) As Pence and his family were escorted from the Senate chamber to a nearby hideaway, they came within a minute of being visible to rioters on a staircase 100 feet (30 m) away.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-245)
Unaccompanied by other officers, Capitol Police officer [Eugene Goodman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goodman "Eugene Goodman") confronted the mob. He has been cited for heroism in baiting and diverting the rioters away from the Senate chamber in the minutes before the chamber could be safely evacuated. As the crowd of rioters reached a landing from which there was an unimpeded path to the chamber, Goodman pushed the lead attacker, Doug Jensen, and then deliberately retreated away from the chamber, enticing the crowd to chase him in another direction.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-246) One media report described his actions as follows:
> In short, he tricked them, willingly becoming the rabbit to their wolf pack, pulling them away from the chambers where armed officers were waiting, avoiding tragedy and saving lives. Lives which include their own.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-247)
Those present, including legislators and members of the press, praised Goodman for his quick thinking and brave actions.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-248)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-QAnon-249) Senator [Ben Sasse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Sasse "Ben Sasse") credited Goodman with having "single-handedly prevented untold bloodshed".[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-QAnon-249)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-250) Goodman's actions were captured in video footage.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-251) The footage of Goodman went [viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video") on the internet, receiving more than 10 million views.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-252)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ProPub-253) A second video of Goodman's confrontation with the crowd was published.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ProPub-253) Goodman was awarded the [Presidential Citizens Medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Citizens_Medal "Presidential Citizens Medal").[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-254)
Evacuation of leadership amid Capitol lockdown
C-SPAN broadcast of the Senate going into recess after Capitol is breached
Surveillance video of [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") being evacuated from the Capitol
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_presidential_election_US_electoral_college_certificates.jpg)
Congressional staffers removed the Electoral College certificates from the Senate floor as it was evacuated.
At 2:13, the Senate recessed,[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-255) and the doors were locked. A minute later, the rioters reached the doors to the gallery above the chamber.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-256) Banging could be heard from outside as rioters attempted to break through the doors. [Speaker Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") was escorted out of the House chamber.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Reporter_inside_Capitol_describes-257)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-258)
A police officer carrying a [semi-automatic weapon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm "Semi-automatic firearm") appeared on the floor and stood between Senate majority leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") and minority leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer").[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-259) Senator Mitt Romney exasperatedly threw up his hands and criticized fellow Republicans challenging Biden's electoral votes, yelling to them, "This is what you've gotten, guys".[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nyt-insidethecapitol-260) Members of [Senate Parliamentarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate "Parliamentarian of the United States Senate") [Elizabeth MacDonough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_MacDonough "Elizabeth MacDonough")'s staff carried the boxes of Electoral College votes and documentation out of the chamber to hidden safe rooms.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-261)[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HuntEmory-262)
> Due to security threat inside: immediately, move inside your office, take emergency equipment, lock the doors, take shelter.
âCapitol Police alert[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
At 2:26, Pence's Secret Service detail evacuated him and his family from their hideaway near the Senate downstairs, towards a secure location. After his evacuation, Pence's detail wanted to move him from the Capitol building, but Pence refused to get in the car. Addressing the agent in charge of his detail, Tim Giebels, Pence said, "I trust you, Tim, but you're not driving the car. If I get in that vehicle, you guys are taking off. I'm not getting in the car".[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-263)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-264)
All buildings in the complex were subsequently locked down, with no entry or exit allowed. Capitol staff were asked to [shelter in place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter_in_place "Shelter in place"); those outside were advised to "seek cover".[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NBC_Wash_2021-01-06-265) As the mob roamed the Capitol, lawmakers, aides, and staff took shelter in offices and closets. Aides to Mitch McConnell, barricaded in a room just off a hallway, heard a rioter outside the door "praying loudly", asking for "the evil of Congress \[to\] be brought to an end".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118) The rioters entered and ransacked the office of the Senate Parliamentarian.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Office_Ransacked-266)
With senators still in the chamber, Trump called Senator Tommy Tuberville and told him to do more to block the counting of Biden's electoral votes, but the call had to be cut off when the Senate chamber was evacuated at 2:30.[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-271) After evacuation, the mob took control of the chamber, with armed men carrying plastic handcuffs and others posing with raised fists on the Senate dais Pence had left minutes earlier.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-272) Staff and reporters were taken by secure elevators to the basement, to a bunker constructed following the [attempted attack on the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93 "United Airlines Flight 93") in 2001. Evacuees were redirected en route after the bunker was infiltrated by the mob.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_senate_evacuation_timeline-269)
The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate, [Michael C. Stenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Stenger "Michael C. Stenger"), accompanied a group of senators, including [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") and [Joe Manchin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Manchin "Joe Manchin"), to a secure location in a Senate office building. Once safe, the lawmakers were "furious" with Stenger; Graham asked him, "How does this happen? How does this happen?" and added that they "\[are\] not going to be run out by a mob".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)
Meanwhile, the House recessed at 2:18.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) Amid the security concerns, Representative [Dean Phillips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Phillips "Dean Phillips") yelled, "This is because of you!" at his Republican colleagues.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-274) According to her book, *[Oath and Honor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_and_Honor "Oath and Honor")*, "\[t\]he [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN") cameras captured \[Representative Cheney\] as \[she\] pointed at \[Representative [Jason Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Smith_\(American_politician\) "Jason Smith (American politician)")\] and said 'You did this.' \[She\] was angry. 'You did this.'"[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-275) The House resumed debate at 2:26.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) After Gosar finished, the House again went into recess at 2:29[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273) after rioters entered the House wing and attempted to enter the Speaker's Lobby just outside the chamber. Lawmakers were still inside and being evacuated, with Pelosi, [Kevin McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy "Kevin McCarthy"), and others taken to a secure location.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276)[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-277) With violence breaking out, Capitol security advised members of Congress to take cover.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-278)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:9-279) Members of Congress inside the House chamber were told to don [gas masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mask "Gas mask") as law enforcement began using [tear gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear_gas "Tear gas") within the building.[\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-283)
[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") reported that shots were fired within the Capitol.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WQOW_2021-01-06-280)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABC_News_2021-01-07-179) An armed standoff took place at the front door of the chamber of the House of Representatives: as the mob attempted to break in, federal law enforcement officers inside drew their guns[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12) and pointed them toward the doors, which were barricaded with furniture.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-284) In a stairway, one officer fired a shot at a man coming toward him.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-285) Photographer [Erin Schaff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin_Schaff "Erin Schaff") said that, from the [Capitol Rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Rotunda "Capitol Rotunda"), she ran upstairs, where rioters grabbed her press badge. Police found her, and because her pass had been stolen, held her at gunpoint before colleagues intervened.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nyt-insidethecapitol-260)
The chief of staff for Representative [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") claimed that when the congresswoman and staff barricaded themselves in her office and attempted to call for help with [duress buttons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_button "Panic button") they had used during safety drills, "\[e\]very panic button...had been torn out â the whole unit".[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-286) A Democratic aide to the [House Administration Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_House_Administration "United States House Committee on House Administration") emailed Greg Sargent of *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* claiming the missing buttons were due to a "clerical screw-up" resulting from Pressley's swapping offices.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-287) Representative [Jamaal Bowman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman "Jamaal Bowman") tweeted that there were no duress buttons in his office, but acknowledged he was only three days into his term and the buttons were installed a week later.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
Multiple rioters, using the cameras on their cell phones, documented themselves occupying the Capitol and the offices of representatives,[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-289) vandalizing the offices of Speaker Pelosi,[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mob_Breaches_Capitol-290)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Marauding_protesters-291) [accessing secure computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Laptop_theft_and_cybersecurity_concerns), and stealing a laptop.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-292)
Oath Keepers arrive and breach Rotunda
Shortly after 2:00, Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes arrived on the restricted Capitol grounds. At 2:30, a team of Oath Keepers ("Stack One", which included Meggs, Harrelson, Watkins, Hackett, and Moerschel), clad in paramilitary clothing, marched in a stack formation up the east steps to join the mob already besieging the Capitol. At 2:38, those doors to the Capitol Rotunda were breached, and "Stack One" entered the building alongside other attackers. A second group ("Stack Two") entered the Capitol through those same doors at 3:15.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90) Throughout the attack, Oath Keepers maintained a "Quick reaction Force" ready to deliver an arsenal to the group if called upon.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-293)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-294)
Meanwhile, also at 2:38, Proud Boy founder Enrique Tarrio made a social media post writing, "Don't fucking leave". In response to a member who asked "Are we a militia yet?", Tarrio replied, "Yep... Make no mistake... We did this..."[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-TarrioIndict-101)
Ashli Babbitt killed by police while attempting to breach Speaker's Lobby
| External videos |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOJ_filing_showing_Ashli_Babbitt_and_Zachary_Jordan_Alam_in_Speakers_Lobby_on_Jan_6.jpg)After Zachary Jordan Alam (circled in red, bottom right) smashed the window with his helmet, Ashli Babbitt (circled in red, top left) attempted to breach the Speaker's Lobby by climbing through a window toward the fleeing congress. |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg) [Footage](https://archive.org/details/nYiFQbNc65jwFYCWY?start=1993) of attempted breach of the Speaker's Lobby and subsequent shooting of Babbitt. |
At 2:44 p.m., law enforcement near the House Chamber was trying to "defend two fronts", and "a lot of members \[of Congress\] and staff that were in danger".[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mullin-295)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296) While some lawmakers remained trapped in the House gallery,[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-297) House members and staff from the floor were being evacuated by Capitol Police, protected from the attackers by a barricaded door with glass windows.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276)
As lawmakers evacuated, an attacker smashed a glass window beside the barricaded door.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-298)[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-299) Lieutenant Michael Byrd aimed his weapon, prompting attackers to repeatedly warn "he's got a gun".[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-300) Police and Secret Service warned "Get back! Get down! Get out of the way!".[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-301) [Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt"), wearing a Trump flag as a cape, began to climb through the shattered window, prompting Byrd to fire a single shot, hitting the attacker in the shoulder.[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-302)[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-303)
Mob members immediately began to leave the scene, making room for a police emergency response team to administer aid. Babbitt had entered the building through the breach on the upper west terrace.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-304) She was evacuated to [Washington Hospital Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Hospital_Center "Washington Hospital Center") where she died.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-VideoShows-276) Footage of the shooting circulated.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-305)
Attack on the tunnel
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_Officer_Daniel_Hodges_crushed_during_Jan_6_attack.png)
Officer [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") crushed in doorway of the Tunnel,
c.
3:15[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-fourth_superseding-306)
Around 3:15, MPD officer [Daniel Hodges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hodges_\(police_officer\) "Daniel Hodges (police officer)") was crushed in a door while defending the Capitol tunnel from attackers. One of his attackers was sentenced to 7.5 years in prison.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-fourth_superseding-306)[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-307)
At 3:21, MPD officer [Michael Fanone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fanone "Michael Fanone") was pulled into the mob and assaultedâdragged down the Capitol steps, beaten with pipes, stunned with a [Taser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser "Taser"), sprayed with chemical irritants, and threatened with his own sidearm.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-308) Fanone was carried unconscious back into the tunnel.[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-309) He suffered burns, a [heart attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction "Myocardial infarction"), traumatic brain injuries, and [post-traumatic stress disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder "Post-traumatic stress disorder").[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-310)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-311)[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-washingtonian-312) One of the men who attacked Fanone with a stun gun was sentenced to 12.5 years in prison.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-313)
By 3:39 p.m., fully-equipped riot officers from Virginia had arrived and began defending the tunnel,[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MendozaLinderman20210305-314) using flashbang munitions to clear the area of attackers.
Police clear the Capitol and Congress reconvenes
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_15.jpg)
Reinforcements guard the Capitol after rioters were pushed out of the building.
A combined force of Capitol and Metropolitan police began an operation to clear the Capitol. By 2:49, the Crypt was cleared, and the mob outside the Speaker's Lobby was cleared by 2:57. At 3:25, law enforcement, including a line of MPD officers in riot gear, proceeded to clear the Rotunda; and by 3:40, rioters had mostly been pushed out onto West Plaza.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130): ch 8
At 4:22 p.m., Trump issued a video message to supporters on social media, "We have to have peace. So go home. We love you. You're very special".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 5:08, Army senior leaders relayed to Major General Walker the secretary of defense's permission to deploy the DC National Guard to the Capitol; The first contingent of 155 Guard members, dressed in riot gear, began arriving at the Capitol at 5:20.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CohenKaufmanLiebermann20210303-127) By 6 p.m., the building was cleared of rioters, and bomb squads swept the Capitol.
At 8:06 p.m., Pence called the Senate back into session, and at 9:02, Pelosi did the same in the House. Biden's victory was confirmed by Pence shortly before 03:40 a.m. on January 7, and the joint session was dissolved at 03:44.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-COL1HR-273)
Federal officials' conduct
Trump's conduct
Statement by Donald Trump during the conflict, two hours after the building had been breached
Trump was in the [West Wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing "West Wing") of the White House at the time of the attack.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-six-hours-paralysis-315) He was "initially pleased" and refused to intercede when his supporters breached the Capitol.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-316) Staffers reported that Trump had been "impossible to talk to throughout the day".[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-317) Concerned that Trump may have committed treason through his actions, [White House Counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Counsel "White House Counsel") [Pat Cipollone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Cipollone "Pat Cipollone") reportedly advised administration officials to avoid contact with Trump and ignore any illegal orders that could further incite the attack, in order to limit their prosecutorial liability under the [Sedition Act of 1918](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918 "Sedition Act of 1918").[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-318)
Shortly after 2:00 p.m. EST, as the attack was ongoing and after senators had been evacuated, Trump placed calls to Republican senators (first [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee") of Utah, then [Tommy Tuberville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville "Tommy Tuberville") of Alabama), asking them to make more objections to the counting of the electoral votes.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268) Pence was evacuated by the Secret Service from the Senate chamber around 2:13.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-319) At 2:47 p.m., as Trump's supporters violently clashed with police at the Capitol, Trump's account tweeted, "Please support our Capitol Police and Law Enforcement. They are truly on the side of our Country. Stay peaceful!"[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) *The Washington Post* later reported that Trump did not want to include the words "stay peaceful",[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-six-hours-paralysis-315) and it later emerged that this message was sent by Deputy Chief of Staff [Dan Scavino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Scavino "Dan Scavino").[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-320)
During the attack, Chief of Staff [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows") received messages from [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr."), as well as [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") hosts [Sean Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Hannity "Sean Hannity"), [Laura Ingraham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Ingraham "Laura Ingraham"), and [Brian Kilmeade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kilmeade "Brian Kilmeade"), urging him to tell Trump to condemn the mayhem, or risk destroying his legacy.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-321) By 3:10, pressure was building on Trump to condemn supporters engaged in the attack. By 3:25, Trump tweeted, "I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful. No violence! Remember, WE are the Party of Law & Order â respect the Law and our great men and women in Blue", but he refused to call upon the crowd to disperse.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) By 3:40, several congressional Republicans called upon Trump to more specifically condemn violence and to tell his supporters to end the occupation of the Capitol.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-322)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-323)
At some point on January 6, Trump formally withdrew his nomination of acting DHS secretary [Chad Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Wolf "Chad Wolf"), transmitting his withdrawal to the Senate.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-324)
By 3:50 p.m., White House Press Secretary [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany") said that the National Guard and "other federal protective services" had been deployed.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 4:06 p.m. on national television, President-elect Biden called for President Trump to end the attack. At 4:22 p.m., Trump issued a video message on social media that Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube later took down. In it, he repeated his claims of electoral fraud, praised his supporters, and told them to "go home".[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Hill_Trump_video-57)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270) At 6:25 p.m., Trump tweeted: "These are the things and events that happen when a sacred landslide election victory is so unceremoniously & viciously stripped away from great patriots who have been badly & unfairly treated for so long" and then issued a call: "Go home with love & in peace. Remember this day forever!"[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Durkee-58)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-325) At 7:00, Rudy Giuliani placed a second call to Lee's number and left a voicemail intended for Tuberville, urging him to make more objections to the electoral votes as part of a bid "to try to just slow it down".[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)
Inflammatory speech while knowing of weapons
During the "Save America" rally, Trump delivered a speech filled with violent imagery while knowing that some of his supporters were armed. He demanded that armed supporters be allowed to enter the rally, and later instructed the crowd to march on the US Capitol.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-SavageWhatTrumpTold-178)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pengelly_6/28/2022-326) In a December 21, 2021, statement, Trump falsely called the attack a "completely unarmed protest". The Department of Justice said in a January 2022 official statement that over 75 people had been charged, in relation to the attack, with entering a restricted area while armed with "a dangerous or deadly weapon", including some armed with guns, stun guns, knives, batons, baseball bats, axes, and chemical sprays.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-327) According to testimony from Trump White House aide [Cassidy Hutchinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy_Hutchinson "Cassidy Hutchinson"), a Secret Service official had warned Trump that protestors were carrying weapons, but Trump wanted the [magnetometers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer "Magnetometer") used to detect metallic weapons removed so armed supporters could enter the rally.[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-328) According to Hutchinson, when warned, Trump said:
> I don't fucking care that they have weapons, they're not here to hurt me. They're not here to hurt me. Take the fucking mags away. Let my people in. They can march to the Capitol from here, let the people in and take the mags away.[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Pengelly_6/28/2022-326)
Allegation of assaulting a Secret Service driver
In June 2022, Cassidy Hutchinson testified that she was told by then-[White House deputy chief of staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_deputy_chief_of_staff "White House deputy chief of staff") [Anthony Ornato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ornato "Anthony Ornato") that after Trump got into the [presidential SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_state_car_\(United_States\) "Presidential state car (United States)") following his rally, hoping to drive to the Capitol as his supporters marched there, his lead Secret Service agent, Robert Engel, told him it was too dangerous and informed him they were returning to the White House. Hutchinson said Ornato told her Trump became irate, attempted to grab the steering wheel of the vehicle, and lunged at Engel's [clavicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle "Clavicle").[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-sixth-329) She testified Engel was present with Ornato as he related the incident but never contradicted the account.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-330) Three days after Hutchinson's testimony, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") reported that it had spoken with two Secret Service agents who had heard accounts of the incident from multiple other agents since February 2021, including Trump's driver. Although details differed, agents confirmed there was an angry confrontation, with one agent relating that Trump "tried to lunge over the seat â for what reason, nobody had any idea", but no one asserted Trump attacked Engel. A separate Secret Service official told CNN that Engel denied that Trump grabbed at the steering wheel or lunged toward an agent on his detail, and that Ornato denied telling Hutchinson that.[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-331) The same day, *Politico* reported that during an early 2022 deposition Engel told the committee that he had kept his full account of the incident from his Secret Service colleagues for at least fourteen months.[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-332) On July 14, 2022, CNN published a corroborating account by a Metropolitan Police officer in the motorcade, who told of the "heated exchange" Trump had with his Secret Service detail when they refused to take him to the Capitol following his rally on January 6.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-333)
Endangering Mike Pence
On January 5, after Vice President Mike Pence refused to participate in the fake electors plot, Trump warned that he would have to criticize him publicly. This prompted Pence's chief of staff to become concerned for Pence's safety and to alert Pence's Secret Service detail to the perceived threat.[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Jan6th_Indictment-334)[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-335) At 3:23 a.m. on the morning of January 6, [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") leader [Ron Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Watkins "Ron Watkins") posted a tweet accusing Pence of orchestrating a coup against Trump and linked to a blog post which called for "the immediate arrest of \[Pence\], for treason".[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-336)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-337)[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-338)
At 2:24, while Pence was in hiding in the Capitol, Trump tweeted that Pence "didn't have the courage to do what should have been done".[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-snopes_hang-339)[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABCColvin-340) Trump followers on far-right social media called for Pence to be hunted down, and the mob began chanting, "Where is Pence?" and "Find Mike Pence!"[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-341) Outside, the mob chanted, "Hang Mike Pence!", which some crowds continued to chant as they stormed the Capitol.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ABCColvin-340) At least three rioters were overheard by a reporter as saying that they wanted to find Pence and [execute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment "Capital punishment") him as a "traitor" by [hanging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging "Hanging") him from a tree outside the building.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-overheard-342) One official recalled that: "The members of the \[Vice President's Secret Service detail\] at this time were starting to fear for their own lives... they're screaming and saying things like 'say goodbye to the family'".[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-343) Alerted by a staffer to the threat against Pence, Trump reportedly replied "So what?"[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-344) Witnesses report that White House chief of staff Mark Meadows told colleagues that Trump expressed frustration about Pence being taken to safety and implying that Pence should be hanged.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-345)[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-346) Pence later argued that Trump's "reckless words endangered my family and everyone at the Capitol that day".[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-347)
On April 3, 2025, the [John F. Kennedy Library Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Library_Foundation "John F. Kennedy Library Foundation") announced Pence as the recipient of the JFK [Profile in Courage Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award "Profile in Courage Award") "for putting his life and career on the line to ensure the constitutional transfer of presidential power on Jan. 6, 2021".[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-3apr2025-348)
Failure to end the attack
In a televised [January 6 Attack congressional hearing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack_public_hearings "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack public hearings") on June 9, 2022, congresspersons [Bennie Thompson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson "Bennie Thompson") and Liz Cheney stated that Trump did nothing to stop the attack despite numerous urgent requests that he intervene. They described Trump's inaction as a "[dereliction of duty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereliction_of_duty "Dereliction of duty")".[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-349) Cheney said that Trump had attempted to overturn a [free and fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_fair_election "Free and fair election") democratic election by promoting a seven-part conspiracy.[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609lb-350)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609pb-351) According to Representative Thompson, "Jan. 6 was the culmination of an attempted coup, a brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after Jan. 6, to overthrow the government... The violence was no accident. It represents Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power". Trump, according to the committee, "lied to the American people, ignored all evidence refuting his false fraud claims, pressured state and federal officials to throw out election results favoring his challenger, encouraged a violent mob to storm the Capitol and even signaled support for the execution of his own vice president".[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609lb-350)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT-20220609pb-351)
After the June 9 hearing, Congressman [Tom Rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Rice "Tom Rice") reiterated his long-held view of Trump's conduct, saying, "He watched it happen. He reveled in it. And he took no action to stop it. I think he had a duty to try to stop it, and he failed in that duty".[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-352)
Capitol Police leadership's failure to prepare
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_C._Stenger.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_D._Irving_official_photo_\(cropped\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steven_Sund.jpg)
Capitol Police leadership had not planned for a riot or attack,[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) and on January 6, under "orders from leadership", the force deployed without riot gear, shields, batons, or "less lethal" arms such as [sting grenades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade#Sting "Grenade"). Before the riot, they were seen taking selfies with the rioters.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-354) Department riot shields had been improperly stored, causing them to shatter upon impact.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-slams-131) Hundreds more Capitol Police could have been used, but they were not.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-day_of_rage-239)
Concerned about the approaching mob, Representative [Maxine Waters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Waters "Maxine Waters") called Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who was not on the Capitol grounds but at the police department's headquarters. When asked what the Capitol Police were doing to stop the rioters, Sund told Waters, "We're doing the best we can" and then hung up on her.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-inside-siege-demirjian-118)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355) It was not until 2:10 p.m. that the Capitol Police board granted Chief Sund permission to formally request deployment of the Guard.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
In a February 2021 [confidence vote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_vote "Confidence vote") organized by the U.S. Capitol Police Labor Committee, the union representing Capitol Police officers, 92 percent voted that they had no confidence in leadership, writing: "Our leaders did not properly plan for the protest nor prepare officers for what they were about to face. This despite the fact they knew days before that the protest had the potential to turn violent. We still have no answers why leadership failed to inform or equip us for what was coming on January 6th".[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-356)
Department of Defense leadership's refusal to send Guard
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_C._Miller_official_portrait.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Walter_E._Piatt_\(3\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gen._Charles_A._Flynn_\(2\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GEN_Daniel_R._Hokanson.jpg)
Acting-Secretary Christopher Miller (*top left*), whose appointment had prompted concerns of a right-wing military coup, failed to authorize the National Guard to deploy until after the Capitol had been secured and Trump had called for supporters to "go home". Walter E. Piatt (*top right*) and Charles Flynn (*bottom left*) participated in a 2:26 p.m. call denying deployment of the guard, though the military did not admit Flynn's role for weeks after the attack. Daniel R. Hokanson (*bottom right*) placed calls to ensure the Virginia and Maryland National Guard would not move until given explicit permission by [the Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon").
On January 3, acting defense secretary Miller had been ordered by Trump to "do whatever was necessary to protect the demonstrators" on January 6.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-protect_demonstrators-126) The following day, Miller issued orders which prohibited deploying D.C. Guard members with weapons, helmets, body armor, or riot control agents without his personal approval.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PentRest-128) Prior to the attack, Trump had floated the idea with his staff of deploying 10,000 National Guardsmen, though not to protect the Capitol, but rather "to protect him and his supporters from any supposed threats by left-wing counterprotestors".[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-357)
At 1:34 p.m., D.C. mayor [Muriel Bowser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Bowser "Muriel Bowser") had a telephone call with Army Secretary [Ryan D. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_D._McCarthy "Ryan D. McCarthy") in which she requested that they deploy the Guard. At 2:10 p.m., the Capitol Police board permitted Chief Sund to formally request deployment of the Guard.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-final_report-130)
At 2:26 p.m., D.C.'s [homeland security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_security "Homeland security") director Chris Rodriguez coordinated a conference call with Bowser, the chiefs of the Capitol Police (Sund) and Metropolitan Police (Contee), and D.C. National Guard (DCNG) commander Walker. As the DCNG does not report to a governor, but to the president, Walker patched in the Office of the Secretary of the Army, noting that he would need Pentagon authorization to deploy. Lt. Gen. [Walter E. Piatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Piatt "Walter E. Piatt"), director of the Army Staff, noted that the Pentagon needed Capitol Police authorization to step onto Capitol grounds. Metro Police Chief [Robert Contee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Contee "Robert Contee") asked for clarification from Capitol Police Chief Sund: "Steve, are you requesting National Guard assistance at the Capitol?" to which Sund replied, "I am making urgent, urgent, immediate request for National Guard assistance". According to Sund, Piatt stated, "I don't like the visual of the National Guard standing a police line with the Capitol in the background". Sund pleaded with Piatt to send the Guard, but Piatt stated that only Army Secretary McCarthy had the authority to approve such a request, and he could not recommend that Secretary McCarthy approve the request for assistance directly to the Capitol. The D.C. officials were subsequently described as "flabbergasted" at this message. McCarthy would later state that he was not on this conference call because he was already entering a meeting with senior department leadership.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_hamstrung-234) General [Charles A. Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Flynn "Charles A. Flynn"), brother of General [Michael Flynn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Flynn "Michael Flynn"), a Trump and QAnon supporter, participated in the call.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-lsld-army-flynn-2021-358)[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-359)
By 3:37 p.m., the Pentagon dispatched its own security forces to guard the homes of senior defense leaders, "even though no rioters or criminal attacks are occurring at those locations". Sund later opined, "This demonstrates to me that the Pentagon fully understands the urgency and danger of the situation even as it does nothing to support us on the Hill".[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-clear_the_capitol-296)
In response to the reluctance expressed by Department of Defense leaders during the 2:26 conference call, D.C. officials contacted the State of Virginia. Public Safety Secretary of Virginia Brian Moran dispatched the Virginia State Police to the U.S. Capitol, as permitted by a mutual aid agreement with D.C.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NorthamRecount-190) At 3:46 p.m., after leaders of the Department of Defense learned that the Virginia National Guard may have mobilized, the head of the [National Guard Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_Bureau "National Guard Bureau"), [General Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Hokanson "Daniel R. Hokanson"), called the Virginia commander to verify that the Virginia Guard would not move without prior permission from the Pentagon. At 3:55, Hokanson made a similar call to the commander of the Maryland National Guard.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-360)
On January 6, Secretary Miller ultimately withheld permission to deploy the National Guard until 4:32 p.m., after assets from Virginia had already entered the district, FBI tactical teams had arrived at the Capitol, and Trump had instructed rioters to "go home".[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-361)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-362) Miller's permission would not actually be relayed to the commander of the National Guard until 5:08.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-363) Sund recalls a comment from the DC National Guard commander General Walker, who said:
> Steve, I felt so bad. I wanted to help you immediately, but I couldn't. I could hear the desperation in your voice, but they wouldn't let me come. When we arrived, I saw the [New Jersey State Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Police "New Jersey State Police"). Imagine how I felt. [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") got here before we did\![\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-364)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-under_fire-355): Ch. 2
The Army falsely denied for two weeks that Lt. Gen. Charles A. Flynn, the Army deputy chief of staff for operations, plans, and training, was on the call requesting the National Guard. Flynn's role drew scrutiny due to his brother Michael's recent calls for martial law and an election do-over overseen by the military.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-wp-lsld-army-flynn-2021-358) Flynn testified that "he never expressed a concern about the visuals, image, or public perception of" sending the Guard to the Capitol; Col. [Earl Matthews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_G._Matthews "Earl G. Matthews"), who participated in the call and took contemporaneous notes, called Flynn's denial "outright perjury".[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-365) Department of Defense leaders claim they called the D.C. National Guard commander at 4:30 to relay permission to deployâleaders of the Guard deny this call ever took place.[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-366)
Congressional conduct
During the attack, Representative [Lauren Boebert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Boebert "Lauren Boebert") (R-CO) posted information about the police response and the location of members on Twitter, including the fact that Speaker Pelosi had been taken out of the chamber, for which Boebert has faced calls to resign for endangering members.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-367)[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-368) Boebert responded that she was not sharing private information since Pelosi's removal was also broadcast on TV.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
Representative [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") (D-MA) left the congressional safe room for fear of other members there "who incited the mob in the first place".[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kavi2101113-288)
While sheltering for hours in the "safe room", a cramped, windowless room where people sat within arm's reach of each other, some Republican Congress members refused to wear face masks, even when their Democratic colleagues begged them to do so. During the following week, three Democratic members tested positive for COVID-19 in what an environmental health expert described as a "superspreader" event.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-369)
Deletion of Secret Service and Homeland Security text messages
As part of its investigation into the events of January 6, the [Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_Office_of_Inspector_General "Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General") requested text messages from the Secret Service. In response, the messages were deleted.[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-370)[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-371) Text messages from Department of Homeland Security leaders Chad Wolf and [Ken Cuccinelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli "Ken Cuccinelli") "are missing from a key period leading up to the January 6 attack".[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-372) Wolf's nomination had been withdrawn by the White House sometime on January 6.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-373) A criminal investigation was opened into the deletion.[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-374)
Participants, groups, and criminal charges
By November 2023, over 1,200 defendants had been charged for their role in the attack.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Capitol_arrests-35) The attackers included some of Trump's longtime and most fervent supporters from across the United States.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) The mob included Republican Party officials, current and former state legislators and political donors, far-right militants, [white supremacists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacists "White supremacists"),[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) conservative [evangelical Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Christians "Evangelical Christians"),[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-377) and participants of the "Save America" Rally.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MilitantChristian-376) According to the FBI, dozens of people on its [terrorist watchlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_Screening_Database "Terrorist Screening Database") were in D.C. for pro-Trump events on the 6th, with the majority being "suspected white supremacists".[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Watchlist-378) Some came heavily armed and some were convicted criminals, including a man who had been released from a Florida prison after serving a sentence for [attempted murder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_murder "Attempted murder").[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375)
[Last Sons of Liberty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement#Participation_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Boogaloo movement"),[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-379) [Rod of Iron Ministries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_of_Iron_Ministries "Rod of Iron Ministries"),[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Jan_6_riots-380) [Groypers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groypers "Groypers"),[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-381) [Nationalist Social Club-131](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131 "Nationalist Social Club-131")[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-382) and [Super Happy Fun America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Happy_Fun_America "Super Happy Fun America")[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-383) were allegedly involved in the attack.[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-384) Multiple factions of the [Three Percenters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Percenters "Three Percenters") also participated in the attack, including "DC Brigade", "Patriot Boys of North Texas",[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-385) and "B Squad". The B Squad and DC Brigade conspired with the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers.[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-386)
Proud Boys
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Enrique_Tarrio.jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ethan_Nordean_headshot_cropped.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proud_Boy_Joe_Biggs_-_Seminole_County_Jail.png)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zach_Rehl_-_Leader_of_the_Philly_Proud_Boys_\(50558087973\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proud_Boy_Jeremy_Bertino_wearing_a_Right_Wing_Death_Squad_\(RWDS\)_patch_in_Raleigh_\(2020_Nov\)_\(50658113573\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
The Proud Boys played a much greater role in planning and coordinating the attack than was publicly known in 2021. In 2022, new information appeared in testimony to the [January 6 Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") and in a *New York Times* investigative video.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NYT_PB_article-227) Another key revelation about the Proud Boys' plans came from an informant and concerned Mike Pence:
> According to an F.B.I. affidavit the panel highlighted ... a government informant said that members of the far-right militant group the Proud Boys told him they would have killed Pence 'if given the chance.' The rioters on January 6th almost had that chance, coming within forty feet of the Vice-President as he fled to safety.[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-387)
On July 7, 2023, Barry Bennet Ramey was sentenced to 5 years in prison. He was connected to the Proud Boys and pepper-sprayed police in the face.[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-388) Proud Boys leaders Joseph Biggs and Zachary Rehl were sentenced to 17 and 15 years respectively.[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-389) Proud Boy [Dominic Pezzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Pezzola "Dominic Pezzola"), who breached the Capitol with a stolen police riot shield, was sentenced to 10 years.[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-390) Proud Boys founder Enrique Tarrio, described as the "ultimate leader" of the conspiracy, was sentenced to 22 years in prison.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Kunzelman-68)
Oath Keepers
The [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") are an [American far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_right_\(United_States\) "Radical right (United States)")[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CTC_2021-391) [anti-government militia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement")[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CTC_2021-391)[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-392) whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the government of the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"), including the transfer of presidential power as prescribed by the [United States constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States "Constitution of the United States"). It was incorporated in 2009 by founder [Elmer Stewart Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes "Stewart Rhodes"), a lawyer and former paratrooper. In 2023, Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years for [seditious conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_conspiracy "Seditious conspiracy") for his role in the attack; another Oath Keepers leader, Kelly Meggs, was sentenced to 12 years for the same crime.[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-393)
On January 13, 2022, 10 members of the Oath Keepers, including founder Stewart Rhodes, were arrested and charged with seditious conspiracy.[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-394) On November 29, a jury convicted Rhodes and Florida chapter Oath Keepers leader Kelly Meggs of seditious conspiracy. Three other members of the Oath Keepers were found not guilty of seditious conspiracy, but were convicted on other, related charges.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-395)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-396)
On May 23, 2023, Rhodes, age 57, was sentenced to 18 years in prison.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Oath-397) The Department of Justice announced plans to appeal to the [United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit") for longer prison terms for Rhodes and his co-defendants.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Oath-397) At sentencing, the court described Rhodes as dangerous, noting "The moment you are released, whenever that may be, you will be ready to take up arms against your government".[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-398) Eight of Rhodes's militiamen were convicted for seditious conspiracy, among other charges. Meggs was sentenced to 12 years in prison.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-USAODC-399) [Jessica Marie Watkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Marie_Watkins "Jessica Marie Watkins") was sentenced to 8 years and six months, and Kenneth Harrelson was sentenced to four years in prison. Both convicts were members of the Oath Keepers, with Watkins's crimes including merging her local Ohio armed group with the Oath Keepers in 2020, and Harrelson's as serving as the right-hand man to Kelly Meggs, leader of the Florida chapter.[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-400)
QAnon
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOJ_filing_Jacob_Chansley_aka_QAnon_Shaman_in_Senate_on_Jan_6.png)
[Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley"), the "QAnon Shaman", in the US Senate during the attack. He was later sentenced to 41 months in prison,[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-401) being released from halfway house in May 2023.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-402)
QAnon is an [American political conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_political_conspiracy_theory "American political conspiracy theory") and [political movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_movement "Political movement") that originated in the [American far-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics "Far-right politics") political sphere in 2017.[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-403) QAnon centers on fabricated claims made by an anonymous individual or individuals known as "Q". Those claims have been relayed and developed by [online communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_community "Virtual community") and [influencers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_celebrity "Internet celebrity"). Their core belief is that a [cabal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabal "Cabal") of [Satanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theistic_Satanism "Theistic Satanism"),[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-far-right_conspiracy_theory-404)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bracewell-405)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Crossley-406) [cannibalistic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cannibalism "Human cannibalism") [child molesters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_molesters "Child molesters") are operating a global child [sex trafficking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_trafficking "Sex trafficking") ring that conspired against Donald Trump.[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-407) Watchdogs studied QAnon posts and warned of the potential for violence ahead of January 6, 2021.[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-408)[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-409)[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-410) Multiple QAnon-affiliated protesters participated in the attack.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-411)[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-412) One participant, whose attire and behavior attracted worldwide media attention, was [Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley"), a QAnon supporter nicknamed the "QAnon Shaman".[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-413) Ashli Babbitt, a rioter who was shot dead by police as she was trying to break into the Speaker's Lobby, was a committed follower of QAnon.[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-414)[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zadrozny-415) The day before the attack, she had tweeted: "the storm is here and it is descending upon DC in less than 24 hours".[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-416)
White supremacists, neo-Nazis, and neo-Confederates
Far-right emblematic gear was worn by some participants, including [neo-Confederate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confederate "Neo-Confederate"), [Holocaust deniers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial "Holocaust denial"), [neo-Nazi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism "Neo-Nazism") and [Völkisch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement#Influence_on_Nazism "Völkisch movement")\-inspired [neopagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Paganism "Modern Paganism") apparel, as well as a shirt emblazoned with references to the [Auschwitz concentration camp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp "Auschwitz concentration camp") and its motto, *[Arbeit macht frei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeit_macht_frei "Arbeit macht frei")* ("Work sets you free").[\[n\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-419)
The anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi group NSC-131 was at the event, although it is unknown to what extent.[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-420)[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-421)[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-423) Following the event, members of the group detailed their actions and claimed they were the "beginning of the start of White Revolution in the United States".[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-424) After the attack, two [white nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_nationalism "White nationalism") known for [racist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism "Racism") and [anti-Semitic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism "Antisemitism") rhetoric streamed to their online followers a video posted on social media showing a man harassing an [Israeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel "Israel") journalist seeking to conduct a live report outside the building.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-IsraeliJournalist-417)
A Confederate battle flag was displayed inside the Capitol for the first time in U.S. history.[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6_miles-425)[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-list2-426) Some of the rioters carried [American flags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_flag "American flag"), [Confederate battle flags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag "Modern display of the Confederate battle flag"),[\[p\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-429) or [Nazi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi "Nazi") emblems.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-430) A group of [Indian American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_American "Indian American") Trump supporters held an [Indian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India "Flag of India").[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-431) [Varun Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varun_Gandhi "Varun Gandhi"), a senior parliamentarian from India's ruling [BJP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP "BJP"), expressed surprise and disapproval of the prominent display of the Indian flag by some of the protestors in one of his [tweets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_\(Twitter\) "Tweet (Twitter)"); opposition [Indian National Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress "Indian National Congress") leader [Shashi Tharoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashi_Tharoor "Shashi Tharoor") equated the mentality of some Indians with that of Trump supporters.[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-432)
The laptop computer taken from Pelosi's office was taken by 22-year-old Capitol rioter [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams"), a member of the [Atomwaffen Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division "Atomwaffen Division") and the [Order of Nine Angles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles "Order of Nine Angles").[\[q\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-438) Williams' boyfriend, who tipped off police, said that she had intended to send the stolen laptop to a friend in Russia for sale to Russian intelligence.[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rabinowitz-435)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shoaib-437) Williams was sentenced to three years in prison.[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-439)
The National Capital Region Threat Intelligence Consortium, a [fusion center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_center "Fusion center") that aids the DHS and other federal national security and law enforcement groups, wrote that potentially violent individuals were joining the protest from the neo-Nazi group [Atomwaffen Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division "Atomwaffen Division") and [Stormfront](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormfront_\(website\) "Stormfront (website)"). Despite this information, the Secret Service released an internal memo that stated there was no concern.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-440)
Others
Although the anti-government [Boogaloo movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogaloo_movement "Boogaloo movement") mostly were opposed to Trump, a Boogaloo follower said groups under his command helped attack the Capitol, taking the opportunity to strike against the federal government.[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BoogalooReuters-441) Also present during the attack were parts of the [National Anarchist Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National-anarchism "National-anarchism") and the [Blue Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter "Blue Lives Matter") movement, supporters of the [America First Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Political_Action_Conference "America First Political Action Conference"), the Stop the Steal movement and the [Patriot Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Movement "Patriot Movement"), remnants of the [Tea Party movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_movement "Tea Party movement"), the Three Percenters, the Groypers, [Christian nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_nationalism "Christian nationalism"), and other far-right organizations and groups.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22) Shirts with references to the internet meme [Pepe the Frog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog "Pepe the Frog") were also seen, alongside "1776" and "MAGA civil war 2021" shirts, NSC-131 stickers, and the [valknut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valknut "Valknut") symbol.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-442) Rioters were seen using the [OK gesture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK_gesture "OK gesture"), a gesture that had been famously co-opted as an [alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") symbol. Christian imagery, including a large "Jesus saves" banner, was seen in the crowd of demonstrators. Various other iconography was also on display, such as flags of other countries.[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-445)
[Anti-vaccine activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") and conspiracy theorists were also present at the rally.[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-446) Members of the right-wing Tea Party Patriotsâbacked group [America's Frontline Doctors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors "America's Frontline Doctors"), including founder [Simone Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Gold "Simone Gold") and its communications director, were arrested.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-447)[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-448) She was later sentenced to 60 days in prison by a US federal court in Washington, D.C., for illegally entering the Capitol building.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-449) West Virginia delegate [Derrick Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Evans_\(politician\) "Derrick Evans (politician)"), a state lawmaker, filmed himself entering the Capitol alongside rioters. On January 8, he was charged by federal authorities with entering a restricted area;[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-450) he resigned from the House of Delegates the next day and was ultimately sentenced to 90 days in jail.[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-resigns-451) [Amanda Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Chase "Amanda Chase") was censured by the Virginia State Senate for her actions surrounding the event.[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-452)
Police and military connections
*[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")* reported that some rioters briefly showed their police badges or military identification to law enforcement as they approached the Capitol, expecting to be let inside; a Capitol Police officer told *BuzzFeed News* that one rioter had told him "\[w\]e're doing this for you" as he flashed a badge.[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) One former police officer, Laura Steele, was convicted for breaching the Capitol with fellow Oath Keepers.[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-453)
A number of [U.S. military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces "United States Armed Forces") personnel participated in the attack;[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) the [Department of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense "United States Department of Defense") is investigating members on active and reserve duty who may have been involved.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-454)[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-455) Nearly 20% of defendants charged in relation to the attack, and about 12% of the participants in general, were current or former members of the U.S. military.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-456)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-adlveterans-457) A report from [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University") and the [Combating Terrorism Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center "Combating Terrorism Center") said that "if anything ... there actually is a very slight underrepresentation of veterans among the January 6 attackers".[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-adlveterans-457) Police officers and a police chief from departments in multiple states are under investigation for their alleged involvement in the attack.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-458) Two Capitol Police officers were suspended, one for directing rioters inside the building while wearing a [Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") hat, and the other for taking a selfie with a rioter.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-459)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-460)
Analysis
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC08970_\(50827352796\).jpg)
A row of flags lining the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") grounds
In February 2021, an academic analysis in *[The Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic")* found that of the 193 persons so far arrested for invading the Capitol, 89 percent had no clear public connection to established far-right militias, known white-nationalist gangs, or any other known militant organizations. "The overwhelming reason for action, cited again and again in court documents, was that arrestees were following Trump's orders to keep Congress from certifying Joe Biden as the presidential-election winner". They were older than participants in previous far-right violent demonstrations and more likely to be employed, with 40% being business owners. The researchers concluded that these "middle-aged, middle-class insurrectionists" represented "a new force in American politics â not merely a mix of right-wing organizations, but a broader mass political movement that has violence at its core and draws strength even from places where Trump supporters are in the minority".[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-461)
The [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reviewed public and online records of more than 120 participants after the attack and found that many of them shared conspiracy theories about the election on social media and had believed other QAnon and "deep state" conspiracy theories. Several had threatened Democratic and Republican politicians before the attack.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ap-records-show-bkfm-375) The event was described as "[extremely online](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_online "Extremely online")", with "pro-Trump internet personalities" and fans streaming live footage while taking [selfies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie "Selfie").[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-462)[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-463)
According to the University of Maryland's [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Consortium_for_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Responses_to_Terrorism "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism"):
> The "ordinary people" argument misses, or at least obscures, the extent to which the Capitol rioters were linked to dangerous groups and ideas.... at least 280 of the individuals charged with committing crimes on Jan. 6 were associated with extremist groups or conspiratorial movements. This includes 78 defendants who had links to the Proud Boys, a group with a history of violence; 37 members of the anti-government Oath Keepers militia; 31 individuals who embraced the similarly anti-government and militant views of the Three Percenters movement; and 92 defendants who promoted aspects of QAnon.... These 280 individuals make up approximately 35 percent of the Capitol defendants. While it is true that they do not represent a majority of the more than 800 people who have been charged in connection with the riot, ... A 35 percent rate of participation in extremism among a collective of apparently "ordinary" individuals is an astounding number â one that should shake us to our core.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-UMD_article-66)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09265-2_\(50821579347\).jpg)
Rioters outside the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol") shortly after [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Congress "US Congress") was evacuated
Federal officials estimate that about ten thousand rioters entered the Capitol grounds,[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-464) and the [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Service_code_name "Secret Service code name") and FBI have estimated that from 2,000 to 2,500 ultimately entered the building.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-NPR1-49)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo2-50)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-BarrettEtAl-51) As of May 2024, about 1,400 people had been charged with federal crimes relating to the event,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) and 884 of those defendants had been sentenced,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:0-65) in many cases for nonviolent offenses.[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-465)[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-466) Those who went inside the Capitol but were peaceful have been called "MAGA tourists".[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-467)
More than 800 video and audio filesâincluding D.C. Metropolitan Police radio transmissions, Capitol Police [body-worn camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-worn_camera "Body-worn camera") footage, and Capitol surveillance camera footageâwere later obtained as evidence in Trump's impeachment trial. The evidence showed that the assailants launched a large and coordinated attack. For example, "Security camera footage near the House chamber shows the rioters waving in reinforcements to come around the corner. Another video shows more than 150 rioters charging through a breached entrance in just a minute-and-a-half".[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CoordinatedAttack-468) While assaulting the Capitol, the crowd chanted "Fight, Fight"; "Stop the steal"; and "Fight for Trump".[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-469) As they were overrun by a violent mob, the police acted with restraint and pleaded for backup.[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CoordinatedAttack-468) Many of the attackers employed tactics, body armor, and technology (such as two-way radio headsets) similar to those of the very police they were confronting.[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-470) Some rioters wore riot gear, including helmets and military-style vests. A pair of rioters carried [plastic handcuffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_handcuffs "Plastic handcuffs"), which they found on a table inside the Capitol.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-471)[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-472) In an analysis of later court documents, it was reported that at least 85 participants in the riot were charged with carrying or using a weaponâsuch as guns, knives, axes, chemical sprays, police gear, and [stun guns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroshock_weapon "Electroshock weapon")âin the riots to assault others or break objects. It is illegal to possess weapons at the Capitol.[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-473)
Results
Casualties and suicides
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brian_Sicknick.jpg)
Capitol Police officer [Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Sicknick "Brian Sicknick") died the day after the attack.
[Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt"), a 35-year-old [Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force "United States Air Force") veteran, was fatally shot in the upper chest by Lt. Michael Leroy Byrd while attempting to climb through the shattered window of a barricaded door.[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcbyrd-474)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-479)
[Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Sicknick "Brian Sicknick"), a 42-year-old responding Capitol Police officer, was pepper-sprayed during the attack and had two [thromboembolic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboembolism "Thromboembolism") strokes the next day,[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-480)[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MedExaminer-481) after which he was placed on life support[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-LifeandTimes-482) and soon died.[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-483)[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-484) The D.C. chief medical examiner found he died from a stroke, classifying his death as natural,[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-485) and said that the designation of natural causes is "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural".[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) The coroner commented that "all that transpired played a role in his condition".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-transpired-43)[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MedExaminer-481)[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-486) While some accounts maintain he was struck in the head during the riots, he was not found to have died from blunt-force trauma. No signs of any injuries were found during medical examination.[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-PolitiFact-487)
Rosanne Boyland, 34, died of an [amphetamine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine "Amphetamine") overdose during the attack, rather than, as was initially reported, from injuries sustained from being crushed beneath other rioters.[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-488) When the crowd of rioters moved from on top of her, she was found dead. Her death was ruled as [accidental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidental_death "Accidental death") by the D.C. medical examiner's office.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) Her mother, Cheryl Boyland, told [NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News"): "She was not doing drugs. The only thing they found was her own [prescription medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_medicine "Prescription medicine")".[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-489)
Kevin Greeson, 55; and Benjamin Philips, 50, died naturally from [coronary heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease "Coronary heart disease") and [hypertensive heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_heart_disease "Hypertensive heart disease"), respectively. There was no indication that they participated in the riot.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-factchecknov-27)
Four officers, from various police departments, who responded to the attack committed suicide in the days and months that followed.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31)[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-490) Capitol Police officer [Howard Charles Liebengood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Howard_Liebengood "Death of Howard Liebengood") died by suicide three days after the attack.[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-491) D.C. Metropolitan Police officer [Jeffrey Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_L._Smith "Death of Jeffrey L. Smith"), who was injured in the attack, died by suicide from a gunshot wound to the head at [George Washington Memorial Parkway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway "George Washington Memorial Parkway") on January 15, after a misdiagnosed concussion;[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-492) his death was found to be in line of duty.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-493) In July, two more officers who responded to the attack died by suicide: Metropolitan Police officer Kyle Hendrik DeFreytag was found on July 10, and Metropolitan Police officer Gunther Paul Hashida was found on July 29.[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ThirdAndFourth-494)
Some rioters[\[t\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-496) and 174 police officers were injured, of whom 15 were hospitalized, some with severe injuries.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AJCTwoSuspended-33) All had been released from the hospital by January 11.[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-497)
Damage
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_damage_after_2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_by_Bill_Cassidy_01.jpg)
A damaged window in the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Capitol "US Capitol")
Rioters stormed the offices of Pelosi, flipping tables and ripping photos from walls;[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Mob_Breaches_Capitol-290)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Marauding_protesters-291) the office of the Senate Parliamentarian was ransacked;[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Office_Ransacked-266) art was looted;[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12) and feces were tracked into hallways.[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-498)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14)[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-499) Windows were smashed throughout the building, leaving the floor littered with glass and debris.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12) Rioters damaged, turned over, or stole furniture. One door had "Murder the Media" scribbled onto it in all-caps.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReutersIns-501) Rioters damaged Associated Press recording and broadcasting equipment outside the Capitol after chasing away reporters.[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-502) Rioters also destroyed a display honoring the life of congressman and [civil rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights "Civil rights") leader [John Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis "John Lewis").[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-503)[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-504) A photo of Representative [Andy Kim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kim_\(politician\) "Andy Kim (politician)") cleaning up the litter in the rotunda after midnight [went viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Went_viral "Went viral").[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-505)
The rioters caused extensive physical damage.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WilsonGrenadesDeployed-14) [Architect of the Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol "Architect of the Capitol") [J. Brett Blanton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Brett_Blanton "J. Brett Blanton"), who then led the office charged with maintaining the Capitol and preserving its art and architecture, reported in congressional testimony from late February 2021 that the combined costs of repairing the damage and post-attack security measures (such as erecting temporary perimeter fencing) already exceeded \$30 million and would continue to increase.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16) In May 2021, U.S. prosecutors estimated that the damage would cost almost \$1.5 million.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-506) Interior damage from the attack included broken glass, broken doors, and [graffiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti "Graffiti"); some statues, paintings, and furniture were damaged by [pepper spray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray "Pepper spray"), tear gas, and fire extinguishing agents deployed by rioters and police.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16)
The historic bronze [Columbus Doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Doors "Columbus Doors") were damaged.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Chappell-16)[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-507) Items, including portraits of [John Quincy Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams "John Quincy Adams") and [James Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison "James Madison"), as well as a [marble statue of Thomas Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Jefferson_\(David_d%27Angers\) "Statue of Thomas Jefferson (David d'Angers)"), were covered in "corrosive gas agent residue"; these were sent to the [Smithsonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution "Smithsonian Institution") for assessment and restoration.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Castronuovo-444) A 19th-century marble [bust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust_\(sculpture\) "Bust (sculpture)") of President [Zachary Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor "Zachary Taylor") was defaced with what seemed to be blood, but the most important works in the Capitol collection, such as the [John Trumbull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Trumbull "John Trumbull") paintings, were unharmed.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13) On the Capitol's exterior, two 19th-century bronze light fixtures designed by [Frederick Law Olmsted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted "Frederick Law Olmsted") were damaged.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Bahr-13) Because the Capitol has no [insurance against loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_insurance "Property insurance"), taxpayers will pay for damage suffered during the siege.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-ReutersIns-501) Rare [old-growth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth "Old-growth") mahogany wood, stored in Wisconsin for more than one hundred years by the [Forest Products Laboratory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Products_Laboratory "Forest Products Laboratory"), was used to replace damaged wood fixtures and doors at the Capitol.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-508)[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-509)
Laptop theft and cybersecurity concerns
A laptop owned by Senator [Jeff Merkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Merkley "Jeff Merkley") was stolen.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-510) A laptop taken from Pelosi's office was a "laptop from a conference room ... that was only used for presentations", according to Pelosi's deputy chief of staff. After the thief, [Riley Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Williams "Riley Williams"), was arrested, her house and car were searched by police but they were unable to recover the laptop.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15)[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-511) The device has not been found to this day.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-512) Representative [Ruben Gallego](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruben_Gallego "Ruben Gallego") said, "we have to do a full review of what was taken, or copied, or even left behind in terms of [bugs and listening devices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_listening_device "Covert listening device")".[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politico-bertrand-2021-353) Military news website *SOFREP* reported that "several" [secret](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States#Secret "Classified information in the United States")âlevel laptops were stolen, some of which had been abandoned while still logged in to [SIPRNet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIPRNet "SIPRNet"), causing authorities to temporarily shut down SIPRNet for a security update on January 7 and leading the [United States Army Special Operations Command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command "United States Army Special Operations Command") to re-authorize all SIPRNet-connected computers on January 8.[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-513)[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-514)
Representative [Anna Eshoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Eshoo "Anna Eshoo") said in a statement that "\[i\]mages on social media and in the press of vigilantes accessing congressional computers are worrying" and she had asked the [Chief Administrative Officer of the House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives") (CAO) "to conduct a full assessment of threats based on what transpired".[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-515) The CAO said it was "providing support and guidance to House offices as needed".[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hill-miller-2021-laptop-15)
Aftermath
Political, legal, and social repercussions
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
The attack had political, legal, and social repercussions. The [second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump"), who was charged for incitement of [insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection "Insurrection") for his conduct, occurred on January 13. At the same time, [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States "Cabinet of the United States") officials were pressured to [invoke the 25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump#Invoking_the_25th_Amendment "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for removing Trump from office.[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-516) Trump was subsequently acquitted in the [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump"), which was held in February after Trump had already left office. The result was a 57â43 vote in favor of conviction, with every Democrat and seven Republicans voting to convict, but two-thirds of the Senate (67 votes) are required to convict.[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-517) Many in the Trump administration resigned. Several large companies[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Kevin_Miller-518) announced they were [halting all political donations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_that_halted_U.S._political_contributions_in_January_2021 "List of companies that halted U.S. political contributions in January 2021"), and others have suspended funding the [lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Caucus "Sedition Caucus").[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_suspension-519) A bill was introduced to form an [independent commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission"), similar to the [9/11 Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_Commission "9/11 Commission"), to investigate the events surrounding the attack; it passed the House but was blocked by Republicans in the Senate.[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Associated_Press-520) The House then approved a House "[select committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack")" to investigate the attack.[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-521) In June, the Senate released the results of its own investigation of the attack. The event led to strong [criticism of law enforcement agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Criticism_of_law_enforcement_agencies "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack"). Leading figures within the United States Capitol Police resigned.[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_SackChief2-522)[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_EarlierThanExpected-523) A [large-scale criminal investigation was undertaken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack"), with the FBI opening more than 1,200 case files. Federal law enforcement undertook a nationwide manhunt for the perpetrators, with [arrests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_proceedings_in_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Specific_arrests_and_charges "Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack") and indictments following within days. Over 890 people had been found guilty of federal crimes.[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Capitol_arrests-524)
Trump was [suspended](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump#Banned_from_both_platforms "Social media use by Donald Trump") from various social media sites for his involvement in inciting the attack, at first temporarily and then [indefinitely](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump#Permanent_suspension "Twitter use by Donald Trump"). In response to posts by Trump supporters in favour of the attempts to overturn the election, the social networking site [Parler was shut down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parler#Shutdown_by_service_providers "Parler") by its service providers. [Corporate suspensions of other accounts and programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Corporate_suspensions_of_other_accounts_and_programs) associated with participating groups also took place.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ParlerGone-525)[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_FBremoves-526)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_TWsuspends-527)
The inauguration week was marked by [nationwide security concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests"). Unprecedented [security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden "Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden") were undertaken, including the deployment of 25,000 National Guard members. In May, the House passed a \$1.9 billion Capitol security bill in response to the attack.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Broadwater_2021-528)
In the days following the attack on the Capitol, Republican politicians in at least three states introduced legislation creating new prohibitions on protest activity.[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_interceptjan12-529)
Trump has publicly embraced and celebrated the January 6 Capitol attack.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTJan6Embrace-530) Trump and elected officials within the Republican Party have since promoted a [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spread conspiracy theories about the attack, called those charged "hostages" and portrayed them as martyrs.[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-540)
After being elected president in the [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") Donald Trump pardoned about 1,500 people convicted of offenses related to the attack on January 20, 2025.[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-541)
Within days of the attack on the Capitol, a significant number of corporations and political donors financially distanced themselves from [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"). The [Professional Golf Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Golfers%27_Association_of_America "Professional Golfers' Association of America") was one of the first major organizations to do so, announcing on January 11, 2021, that they would move their 2022 PGA Championship from Trump's club to New Jersey. [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank") and [Signature Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_Bank "Signature Bank") both announced that week that they would be cutting ties with Trump, with the latter closing two of Trump's personal bank accounts collectively worth \$5.3 million USD. [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") previously had contracts with the organization to run several properties but terminated them, a decision that [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") claimed was not within their right to do.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-542)
[Cushman & Wakefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield "Cushman & Wakefield"), one of the United States' largest [real estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate "Real estate") companies, cut ties with The Trump Organization in the week following the attack. The firm had previously worked with the organization on [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") and [the Trump Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40_Wall_Street "40 Wall Street"), two of the organization's most profitable assets.[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:1-543) It had also managed [leasing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lease "Lease") for several of the organization's properties, including Trump Tower.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544) Trump's nephew, [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III"), was asked to leave Cushman & Wakefield due to his familial ties with Trump.[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:1-543)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:3-545) Fred Trump III, while he had sued Trump along with his sister [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump") between 1999 and 2001 over the estate of [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump"), had not yet released his 2024 allegations against Trump and was not yet a vocal critic of him.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:3-545) At the time of being asked to leave, he was an executive director for the firm and had been working for there for nearly four years.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:2-544)
A joint federal investigation known as the [Arctic Frost investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Frost_investigation "Arctic Frost investigation") was opened in April 2022 involving the FBI, DOJ Office of Inspector General, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, National Archives and Office of Inspector General into efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results.
The [117th Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress "117th United States Congress") passed and President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") signed legislation related to the Capitol attack, including the [Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021 "Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021"), the [Electoral Reform Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022 "Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022"), and a bill granting awards to Capitol Police officers for their bravery during the insurrection.[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Williams-546)
On August 1, 2023, [Fitch Ratings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitch_Ratings "Fitch Ratings") [downgraded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_credit-rating_downgrades "United States federal government credit-rating downgrades") the U.S. credit rating from AAA to AA+, making it the second time in U.S. history the government's credit rating was downgraded since [Standard & Poor's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_Global_Ratings "S&P Global Ratings") downgrade in 2011. Fitch Ratings directly cited the attack as a factor in its decision to downgrade, privately telling Biden officials that the event "indicated an unstable government". It also cited rising debt at the federal, state, and local levels, a "steady deterioration in standards of governance" over the last two decades, worsening political divisions around spending and tax policy, and "repeated debt limit standoffs and last-minute resolutions". Fitch Ratings did note in a previous report that while government stability declined from 2018 to 2021, it had increased since Biden assumed the presidency.[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-547)
On July 16, 2023, Trump was notified that he was officially a target in the [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation").[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-548) On August 1, 2023, Trump was [indicted on four charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)"). These were [conspiracy to defraud the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_against_the_United_States "Conspiracy against the United States") under [Title 18 of the United States Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code "Title 18 of the United States Code"), [obstructing an official proceeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_an_official_proceeding "Obstructing an official proceeding") and conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding under the [SarbanesâOxley Act of 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act "SarbanesâOxley Act"), and [conspiracy against rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_against_rights "Conspiracy against rights") under the [Enforcement Act of 1870](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870 "Enforcement Act of 1870"). Trump pleaded not guilty,[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-549) while his attorney [Sidney Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Powell "Sidney Powell") later pleaded guilty to conspiring to interfere with the election.[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-550) Following Trump's reelection to the [presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") in November 2024, Smith filed a motion to dismiss the case without prejudice, citing the DOJ's policy of not prosecuting sitting presidents. Judge [Chutkan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Chutkan "Tanya Chutkan") approved the request and dismissed all charges. Smith submitted his final 137-page report to the Justice Department on January 7, 2025, and resigned three days later.[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:13-551)[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-552) The part of the report about election obstruction was made public on January 14. The part about the mishandling of government records was not released at the same time because it was related to an ongoing criminal case.[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-553)
Although a few evangelical leaders supported the attack,[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OlmsteadJan7-554) most condemned the violence and criticized Trump for inciting the crowd. This criticism came from liberal Christian groups such as the [Red-Letter Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians "Red-Letter Christians"), as well as evangelical groups who were generally supportive of Trump.[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OlmsteadJan7-554)[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-555) This criticism did not noticeably affect evangelical support for Trump; investigative journalist [Sarah Posner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Posner "Sarah Posner"), author of *Unholy: Why White Evangelicals Worship at the Altar of Donald Trump*, argued that many white evangelical Christians in the U.S. create an [echo chamber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_\(media\) "Echo chamber (media)") whereby Trump's missteps are blamed on the Democratic Party, leftists, or the [mainstream media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_media "Mainstream media"), the last of which [is viewed as especially untrustworthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_press "Lying press").[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-556)
In February 2025, during [Donald Trump's second presidential term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), *The Washington Post* reported that candidates for top intelligence and law enforcement positions were being screened with yes-or-no questions about whether January 6 was "an inside job" and whether the 2020 presidential election was "stolen".[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-557)
State-level legislation has been introduced in New York and passed in Maine and Nevada to preserve the history of the U.S. Capitol riot and counter what Nevada State Assemblymember [Steve Yeager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Yeager_\(politician\) "Steve Yeager (politician)") describes as "misinformation about Jan. 6".[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MacFarlane_11/9/2025-558)
On December 4, 2025, Brian Cole, who was suspected of placing pipe bombs at both the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C., on the eve of the January 6, 2021, attack, would be arrested by [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") agents in Virginia.[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-559)
On the fifth anniversary of the attack, the [second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_administration "Second Trump administration") published a website with a false telling of events, which *The Washington Post* described as a part of "Trumpâs years-long effort to reshape the narrative surrounding the day when a mob of his supporters violently overran the U.S. Capitol."[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-560)
Domestic reactions
Donald Trump made another statement after the riot on January 7, 2021.
In the aftermath of the attack, after drawing widespread condemnation from the [U.S. Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Congress "U.S. Congress"), members of [his administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"), and the media, 45th [U.S. president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._President "U.S. President") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") released a video-recorded statement on January 7, reportedly to stop the resignations of his staff and the threats of impeachment or removal from office. In the statement, he condemned the violence at the [U.S. Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Capitol "U.S. Capitol"), saying that "a new administration will be inaugurated", which was widely seen as a concession, and his "focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly, and seamless transition of power" to the [Joe Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden_administration "Joe Biden administration").[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_24_hours_later-561) *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")* reported that Trump was at least partially convinced to make the statement by [U.S. senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Senator "U.S. Senator") [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") (R-SC), who told Trump a sufficient number of Senate Republicans would support removing him from office unless he conceded.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_peril-562) [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"), the [White House press secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary "White House Press Secretary"), had attempted to distance the administration from the rioters' behavior in a televised statement earlier in the day.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_distance_administration-563) On January 9, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reported that Trump had told [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") aides he regretted committing to an orderly transition of power and would never resign from office.[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTPIIPII-564) In a March 25 interview on [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News"), Trump defended the Capitol attackers, saying they were patriots who posed "zero threat", and he criticized law enforcement for "persecuting" the rioters.[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defends_rioters-565)
The [Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Joint Chiefs of Staff") issued a statement on January 12 condemning the attack and reminding military personnel everywhere that incoming president [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") was about to become their commander-in-chief, saying "... the rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition, and insurrection".[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_JointChiefs-566) The statement also said, "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic".[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-567)[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_officers_condemn-568) U.S. senator [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") ([R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")â[KY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky "Kentucky")), then the [Senate majority leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader "Senate Majority Leader"), called it a "failed insurrection",[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_smh-provoked-569)[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_cspan-mcconnell-insurrection-570) that "the mob was fed lies", and "they were provoked by the president and other powerful people".[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_smh-provoked-569) [Christopher Wray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray "Christopher A. Wray"), the director of the [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") (FBI) since 2017, later characterized the incident as [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States").[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-571)[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-572) President Biden, who described the rioters as "terrorists" aimed at "overturning the will of the American people" later shared this opinion.[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_aljazeera6august-573) In early 2021, the [RAND Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation "RAND Corporation") released a framework to reduce the risk of extremist activity in the U.S. military.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-574)
House speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") had the flags at the Capitol lowered to [half-staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-staff "Half-staff") in honor of [Brian Sicknick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick"), a [United States Capitol Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police "United States Capitol Police") officer who died following the attacks.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-2021-01-09-haberman-schmidt-575)[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-576) Trump initially declined to lower flags at the White House or other federal buildings under his control, before changing his mind four days later.[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-577)[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-578)[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-579) Biden, [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence"), and Pelosi offered condolences to Sicknick's family; Trump did not.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nyt-2021-01-09-haberman-schmidt-575)[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_nbc-2021-01-11-fitzsimons-580) After Sicknick's death, Senator [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") ([R-TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas "Republican Party of Texas")) received backlash for previous speeches that were perceived as calls for violence.[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-581)
A survey by the Hobby School of Public Affairs at the [University of Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Houston "University of Houston") taken January 12â20 showed that nearly a third (32%) of Texas Republicans supported the attack, although overall 83% of all Texans who expressed an opinion were opposed to it.[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-582) In a poll of Americans just after the attack, 79% of those surveyed said America is "[falling apart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_decline "American decline")".[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_axios_Republicans_and-583)[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_theh_4_in_5_say-584) In February 2022, the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") called the events of January 6 "legitimate political discourse".[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-585)
The US art world reacted through the chronicling of the day as well as the creation of new work. Starting January 7, 2021, the [Smithsonian Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Museum "Smithsonian Museum") enacted its "rapid-response protocol" to gather rally signs, posters, flags, and weapons abandoned on the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") and began work on a digital arts exhibit.[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-586) Visual artist [Paul Chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chan_\(artist\) "Paul Chan (artist)") created his "A drawing as a recording of an insurrection", a 163-inch (4.1 m) double-sided drawing[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-587) exhibited at the [Greene Naftali Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greene_Naftali_Gallery "Greene Naftali Gallery") in New York.[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-588) In December 2022, [literary press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English-language_literary_presses "List of English-language literary presses") [Whiskey Tit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Tit_Press "Whiskey Tit Press") released *[Tell Me What You See](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Me_What_You_See_\(2022_book\) "Tell Me What You See (2022 book)")*, the first fiction published about the attack.[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-589) At the one-year anniversary, One Six Comics published graphic novel series *1/6*[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-590) with an accompanying education and action guide by the Western States Center.[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-591) *The Society of Classical Poets* website posted various poems about the day,[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-592) including one glorifying deceased rioter [Ashli Babbitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashli_Babbitt "Ashli Babbitt").[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-593)
Biden, Harris, civil rights groups and celebrities immediately criticized the Capitol Police for a perceived "double standard" in the treatment of the protesters and rioters, who were mostly white. Biden stated, "No one can tell me that if it had been a group of Black Lives Matter protesting yesterday they wouldn't have been treated very, very differently than the mob of thugs that stormed the Capitol. We all know that's true and it is unacceptable". Harris stated, "We witnessed two systems of justice when we saw one that let extremists storm the United States Capitol and another that released tear gas on peaceful protestors ([Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter")) last summer".[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-594) [Michelle Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama "Michelle Obama") wrote, "Yesterday made it painfully clear that certain Americans are, in fact, allowed to denigrate the flag and symbols of our nation. They've just got to look the right way".[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-595)[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-596) Capitol Police chief Steven Sund, who later resigned, explained they had prepared for a peaceful protest but were overwhelmed by an "angry, violent mob".[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-597) Later in the year, at a White House ceremony to thank officers who responded to the attack that day, Biden and Harris congratulated the police on their response, calling them "heroes".[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-598)[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-599)
International reactions
More than seventy countries and international organizations expressed their concerns over the attack and condemned the violence, with some specifically condemning President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s own role in inciting the attack.[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-600)[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_:4tao-601) Foreign leaders, diplomats, politicians, and institutions expressed shock, outrage, and condemnation of the events.[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_:0-602)[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-603) Multiple world leaders made a call for peace, describing the assault as "an attack on democracy".[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-604) The leaders of some countries, including [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil "Brazil"), [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland "Poland"), and [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary "Hungary"), declined to condemn the situation, and described it as an internal U.S. affair.[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-605)
As early as January 2021, a few European security officials described the events as an attempted coup.[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-606)
14th Amendment disqualification
In late 2022 Trump [announced his candidacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") for the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"). Some legal scholars argued that Trump should be [barred from presidential office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "2024 presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") under [section 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_3:_Disqualification_from_office_for_insurrection_or_rebellion "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution") of the [Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution") because of his apparent support for the attack.[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-607) Three states, [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine "Maine"), [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"), and [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois "Illinois"), issued rulings to disqualify Trump from appearing on election ballots, with Trump appealing in *[Trump v. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson "Trump v. Anderson")*. The [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States") unanimously ruled on March 4, 2024, that states could not remove Trump from the ballot.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-politicoMarch4-20) Following [Biden's withdrawal from the race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election") in July, Trump ultimately defeated Kamala Harris the election in November, being [inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") for a [second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025, with [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") as his vice president.
Other public officials involved in the January 6 attack have also faced disqualification under the Fourteenth Amendment. [Otero County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otero_County,_New_Mexico "Otero County, New Mexico"), New Mexico, commissioner [Couy Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couy_Griffin "Couy Griffin") was disqualified and removed from office while Congressional representative [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene") survived a similar challenge.[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-608)
SarbanesâOxley Act prosecutions
Over 350 defendants, including Trump, were charged with obstructing an official proceeding under the 2002 [Sarbanes-Oxley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbanes-Oxley_Act "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"). Prior to the January 6 prosecutions, such charges had never been brought in cases that did not involve evidence tampering. In *[Fischer v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_v._United_States_\(2024\) "Fischer v. United States (2024)")*, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6â3 on non-ideological lines in favor of defendant Joseph Fischer and found that the obstruction charges in the case were overbroad, as they did not apply to evidence tampering, although charges against Trump could potentially proceed.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hillsox-609)[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-610)[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-611) Soon after the ruling, other January 6 criminal cases were reopened to adhere to the *Fischer* ruling and further usage of obstruction charges against January 6 defendants was stopped.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-hillsox-609)[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nytsox-612)
In 2025, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia initiated an internal review of its prosecutions of January 6 defendants under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-613)[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nytsox-612)
2025 pardons and commutations
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_signing_executive_orders_\(01\).jpg)
On January 20, 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump signed executive order granting pardons and commutations to over 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 attack.
On January 20, 2025, on his last day in office, U.S. president Joe Biden granted pardons to all members of the [House Select Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") that had investigated the January 6 attack, as well as their staff and the officers who testified.[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-614) Later that day, on the first day of [his second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), U.S. president Donald Trump issued a proclamation granting [clemency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon "Pardon") to approximately 1,200 individuals convicted for their involvement in the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, and dismissing the cases of the remaining approximately 300 charged individuals. The pardon extended to those charged with vandalism and assaults on law enforcement officers, including members of the [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") and the [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers").[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Feuer_2025-21) Following the pardons, Trump ordered the DOJ to purge previously published press releases about the arrests and convictions of those pardoned.[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-615) Soon after, video evidence of the attack likewise began being purged from government databases.[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-616)
Analysis and terminology
A week following the attack, journalists were searching for an appropriate word to describe the event.[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-617) According to the Associated Press, U.S. media outlets first described the developments on January 6 as "a rally or protest", but as the events of the day escalated and further reporting and images emerged, the descriptions shifted to "an assault, a riot, an insurrection, domestic terrorism or even a [coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat") attempt".[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Bauder-618) It was variably observed that the media outlets were settling on the terms "riot" and "insurrection".[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Bauder-618)[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-619) According to [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"), "By definition, 'insurrection', and its derivative, 'insurgency', are accurate. 'Riot' and 'mob' are equally correct. While these words are not interchangeable, they are all suitable when describing Jan. 6."[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-620) *The New York Times* assessed the event as having brought the United States "hours away from a full-blown constitutional crisis".[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-621) [Brian Stelter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Stelter "Brian Stelter") in *CNN Business* wrote that the events of the Capitol attack "will be remembered as an act of domestic terrorism against the United States".[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-622)
The attack was widely described as an attempted [coup d'Ă©tat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "Coup d'Ă©tat")[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-623)[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-624)[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_coup_d-625) or [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup").[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ProvostHarvey-626)[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_Self-coup_journal-627)[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-628) Federal judge [David Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Carter "David O. Carter") described Trump's actions as "a coup in search of a legal theory".[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Broadwater_Feuer_Haberman_3/28/2022-629) [Naunihal Singh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naunihal_Singh_\(academic\) "Naunihal Singh (academic)") of the U.S. [Naval War College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_War_College "Naval War College"), and author of *Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups*, wrote that the attack on the Capitol was "an insurrection, a violent uprising against the government" and "sedition", but not a coup because Trump did not order the military "to seize power on his behalf".[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_wRwC4-630)[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_6OT6q-631) The Coup D'Ă©tat Project of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the [University of Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois "University of Illinois"), which tracks coups and coup attempts globally, classified the attack as an "attempted dissident coup", defined as an unsuccessful coup attempt "initiated by a small group of discontents" such as "ex-military leaders, religious leaders, former government leaders, members of a legislature/parliament, and civilians \[but not police or the military\]". The Cline Center said the "organized, illegal attempt to intervene in the presidential transition" by displacing Congress met this definition.[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterCNN-632)[\[612\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ClintCenterStmt-633) Some political scientists identified the attack as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup"), in which the [head of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government "Head of government") attempts to strong-arm the other branches of government to entrench power.[\[613\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_UiQHf-634) Academic [Fiona Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiona_Hill_\(presidential_advisor\) "Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)"), a former member of Trump's [National Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._National_Security_Council "U.S. National Security Council"), described the attack, and Trump's actions in the months leading up to it, as an attempted self-coup.[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_IDgK3-635)
The FBI classified the attack as domestic terrorism.[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_GHvJC-636)[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_L4naB-637) At the Senate Judiciary Committee meeting on March 2, 2021, Wray testified:
> I was appalled, like you, at the violence and destruction that we saw that day. I was appalled that you, our country's elected leaders, were victimized right here in these very halls. That attack, that siege was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism. It's got no place in our democracy and tolerating it would make a mockery of our nation's rule of law.[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-638)[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-639)
The [Congressional Research Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service "Congressional Research Service") also concluded that the attack met the federal definition of domestic terrorism.[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_RA0uX-640)[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_uIhHG-641) Republican senator [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") characterized it as terrorism at least eighteen times over the ensuing year, though he was among the Senate Republicans who blocked a bipartisan [January 6 commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_commission "January 6 commission") to investigate it.[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-642)[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-643)
On January 4, 2021, Steve Bannon, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on January 6 at The Ellipse, described it as a "bloodless coup".[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-CNN_7/15/2022-88)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Peltz_10/29/2021-89)
A March 2023 poll found that 20.5 percent of respondents believed that violence to achieve a political goal is sometimes justified. Nearly 12 percent expressed their willingness to use force to restore Trump to power.[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-644) A June 2023 poll found that about 12 million American adults, or 4.4 percent of the adult population, believed violence is justified in returning Trump to the White House.[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-645)
Historians' perspectives
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20210106_Plaque_honoring_protectors_of_US_Capitol_on_January_6.jpg)
A commemorative plaque[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-2026_PlaqueForJanuary6-646) honoring those who protected the US Capitol on January 6 sat for years out of sight in the Capitol basement, surrounded by maintenance equipment.[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647) A 2022 law mandating the plaque stated it must be placed "at a permanent location on the western front".[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647) In March 2026, more than five years after the attack, it was placed on a wall inside the Capitol, in an area closed to all tours and accessible by visitors only if they are escorted.[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WashPost_20260311-647)
While there have been other instances of violence at the Capitol in the 19th and 20th centuries, this event was the most severe assault on the building since the 1814 [burning of Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington "Burning of Washington") by [British](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") forces during the [War of 1812](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812 "War of 1812"). The last attempt on the life of the vice president was a bomb plot against [Thomas Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall "Thomas R. Marshall") in July 1915.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-648) For the first time in U.S. history, a Confederate battle flag was flown inside the Capitol. The [Confederate States Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army "Confederate States Army") had never reached the Capitol, nor come closer than 6 miles (10 km) from the Capitol at the [Battle of Fort Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stevens "Battle of Fort Stevens"), during the [American Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War "American Civil War").[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-list2-426)[\[v\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-651)
[Douglas Brinkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley "Douglas Brinkley"), a historian at [Rice University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_University "Rice University"),[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-652) remarked on how January 6 would be remembered in [American history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States "History of the United States"): "Now every Jan. 6, we're going to have to remember what happened... I worry if we lose the date that it will lose some of its wallop over time". He also wrote about Trump's responsibility during the attack: "There are always going to be puzzle pieces added to what occurred on January 6, because the president of the United States was sitting there watching this on television in the White House, as we all know, allowing it to go on and on".[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-653)
On the first anniversary of the attack, historians [Doris Kearns Goodwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwin "Doris Kearns Goodwin") and [Jon Meacham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Meacham "Jon Meacham") warned that the U.S. remained at "a crucial turning point". Meacham commented, "What you saw a year ago today was the worst instincts of both human nature and American politics and it's either a step on the way to the abyss or it is a call to arms figuratively for citizens to engage".[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-654)
[Robert Paxton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Paxton "Robert Paxton") considered the attack to be evidence that Trump's movement was an example of [fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism "Fascism"), a characterization that Paxton had resisted up to that point. Paxton compared the event to the French [6 February 1934 crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis "6 February 1934 crisis").[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-655)
[Richard J. Evans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Evans "Richard J. Evans") said that it was not a coup, but that it did represent a danger to democracy in the U.S.[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-656)
Other scholars expressed concern about how history would portray the attack and its aftermath.[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-657) [Larry Sabato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sabato "Larry Sabato"), director of the University of Virginia's Center for Politics, stated that reframing the insurrection as a "sightseeing tour" by the GOP has given "the far-right extremists, the neo-Nazi white supremacists who are obsessed with January 6, the counter reality they've been looking for of a bunch of patriots taking a tour in the Capitol".[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-658)
A [memorial plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_plaque "Memorial plaque") honoring Capitol police officers who were injured that day was installed at 4 a.m. on Saturday morning March 7, 2026.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-659)[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-660)
See also
- [1983 United States Senate bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_United_States_Senate_bombing "1983 United States Senate bombing") â Terror attack in Washington, DC, US
- [Brooks Brothers riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot "Brooks Brothers riot") â 2000 U.S. political demonstration
- [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States")
- [Demonstrations in support of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrations_in_support_of_Donald_Trump "Demonstrations in support of Donald Trump")
- *[Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enough_\(book\) "Enough (book)")* â A memoir by Cassidy Hutchinson
- [Newburgh Conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy "Newburgh Conspiracy") â 1783 planned military coup in the U.S.
- [Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election")
- [Protests against Donald Trump's presidential inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Presidential_inauguration "Protests against Donald Trump")
- [Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election "Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election")
- [Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud")
- [Right-wing terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism "Right-wing terrorism") â Form of terrorism motivated by right-wing or far-right beliefs
- [United Airlines Flight 93](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93 "United Airlines Flight 93") â A hijacked plane intended to be flown into the U.S. Capitol
- [Wilmington massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington_massacre "Wilmington massacre") â 1898. A municipal-level coup d'Ă©tat took place in Wilmington, NC that has been described as "America's Only Coup D'Ătat" & "The Lost History of an American Coup D'Ătat"
Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-9)** See *[Casualties and suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Casualties_and_suicides)* section for a full set of details.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-32)** [1 dead from a stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick "Death of Brian Sicknick"),[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Massimo_2021-04-19-30) [4 officers died by suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#Suicides "Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") within seven months of the attack[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rwolfe-31)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-36)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-34)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Capitol_arrests-35)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-annotated-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Wilner-19)
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-42)** The coroner listed the manner of Sicknick's death as "natural", defined as a term "used when a disease alone causes death. If death is hastened by an injury, the manner of death is not considered natural." The coroner also stated that "All that transpired played a role in his condition". The coroner said there was no "evidence of internal or external injuries".
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-59)** Pelosi offered a committee makeup of seven Democrats and six Republicans; however House Minority Leader [Kevin McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy "Kevin McCarthy") refused to appoint any Republicans unless they included some who had voted to overturn Electoral College results.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-84)**
Multiple notes:
- [Amy Kremer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Kremer "Amy Kremer") of [Women for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_for_Trump "Women for Trump") had been granted a permit the day prior.
- Other organizations taking part in the event included: Black Conservatives Fund, Eighty Percent Coalition, Moms For America, Peaceably Gather, Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, Rule of Law Defense Fund, Stop The Steal, [Turning Point Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Point_Action "Turning Point Action"), [Tea Party Patriots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots "Tea Party Patriots"), Women For America First, and Wildprotest.com.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-94)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-OathKeeperIndictment-90)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-91)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-92)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-93)
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-107)** In 2019, [Kara Swisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Swisher "Kara Swisher") speculated Trump might encourage supporters to "rise up in armed insurrection to keep him in office".
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-172)** A week later, he retired.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-171)
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-241)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Zurcher_BBC-47)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-day_of_rage-239)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-240)
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-271)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-267)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-AsRiotRaged-268)[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WaPo_senate_evacuation_timeline-269)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-APTimeline-270)
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-283)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Reporter_inside_Capitol_describes-257)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-:9-279)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-WQOW_2021-01-06-280)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-281)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-282)
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-377)** Before the demonstrators entered the building, activist [Jacob Chansley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Chansley "Jacob Chansley") called out for them to pause and join him in prayer.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-MilitantChristian-376)
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-419)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-IsraeliJournalist-417)[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Watchlist-378)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-List1-22)[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-418)
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-423)** The group is more radical than other [patriot movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_movement "Patriot movement") groups who attended the rally. "NSC members consider themselves soldiers fighting a war against a hostile, Jewish-controlled system that is deliberately plotting the [extinction of the white race.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory "White genocide conspiracy theory")" states the [ADL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League "Anti-Defamation League").[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-422)
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-429)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Stunning-12)[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-6_miles-425)[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-427)[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-428)
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-438)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-433)[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-434)[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Rabinowitz-435)[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-HarrisburgPleas-436)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Shoaib-437)
18. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-445)** Witnesses reported seeing the national flags of Cuba, Romania, India, Israel, [South Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam "South Vietnam"), Australia, Japan, Iran, Georgia, South Korea, Tonga, Mexico, Canada, and the United States (including an upside-down version); a [U.S. Marines flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps"); the flag of the fictional country of "[Kekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekistan "Kekistan")"; Trump campaign flags such as "Release the [Kraken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken "Kraken")", Second Amendment and America First flags; Pine tree, III Percenters and [VDARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDARE "VDARE") flags; altered versions of confederate, Gadsden, state, national and [Gay Pride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Trump "Gays for Trump") flags; as well as old American and Army flags such as the Betsy Ross flag, Irish Brigade flags, and others.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-443)[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Castronuovo-444)
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-479)** Some media reports have described Babbitt as "unarmed" at the time of the shooting;[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-nbcbyrd-474)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-475) however, according to a January 11, 2021, crime scene examination report by the D.C. Department of Forensic Sciences, the police "recovered a 'Para Force' folding knife in Ms. Babbitt's pants pocket" after she was shot.[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-476)[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-477)[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-478)
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-496)** Only sporadic instances of injured rioters have been publicly recorded;[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-495) injuries in general (such as a total number) among this group have not.
21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-540)** Attributed to multiple sources.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_NYTJan6Embrace-530)[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:1-531)[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:2-532)[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_AP_Jan_6:3-533)[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-534)[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-535)[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-536)[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-537)[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-538)[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-539)
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-651)** However, from 1894 to 2020, the [flag of Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mississippi "Flag of Mississippi") contained a Confederate battle flag in its design and had been displayed in the Capitol building.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-649)The flag was carried during the attack by [Kevin Seefried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Seefried "Kevin Seefried"), who traveled from his home in Delaware to hear Trump speak, bringing the flag he had displayed outside his house. Seefried and his son, who helped clear a broken window for them to gain access into the Capitol, were indicted by a grand jury.[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_note-650)
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Barry, Dan; McIntire, Mike; Rosenberg, Matthew (January 9, 2021). ["'Our President Wants Us Here': The Mob That Stormed the Capitol"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/us/capitol-rioters.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210109232819/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/us/capitol-rioters.html) from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
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Carless, Will (January 4, 2021). ["Nation's capital braces for violence as extremist groups converge to protest Trump's election loss"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/04/january-6-dc-protests-against-election-certification-could-violent/4132441001/). *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210105213603/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/04/january-6-dc-protests-against-election-certification-could-violent/4132441001/) from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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36. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Multiple_Sources_39-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Multiple_Sources_39-1)
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43. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Zurcher_BBC_47-3)
Video\* "How the Proud Boys led the assault â and who was in the pro-Trump mob", in:
Zurcher, Anthony (February 13, 2021). ["Trump impeachment trial: What verdict means for Trump, Biden and America"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56057849). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210217032721/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56057849) from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
\*\[video has been removed for 'rights reasons' \]
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48. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-52)**
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603. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_coup_d_625-0)**
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604. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack#cite_ref-Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_ProvostHarvey_626-0)**
Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). *Donald Trump in Historical Perspective*. New York: Routledge. p. 3. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4324/9781003110361-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-003-11036-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1 "Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1")
. "As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results."
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English [Wikisource](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource "Wikisource") has original text related to this article:
- [Capitol riot arrests: See who's been charged across the U.S.](https://www.usatoday.com/storytelling/capitol-riot-mob-arrests) â U.S.-wide tracker database created and updated by *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*
- ["CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"](https://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2022/09/13/cnn-special-report-american-coup-the-january-6th-investigation/). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). September 13, 2022.
Show can be found on [CNN Live TV](https://go.cnn.com/vod)
- ["Transcript: CNN Special Report: American Coup: The January 6th Investigation"](https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/csr/date/2022-09-18/segment/01). CNN. September 18, 2022.
Federal government
- [Final Report](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-J6-REPORT/pdf/GPO-J6-REPORT.pdf) (December 22, 2022) of the [United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") (845 pages)
- [Supporting Material](https://www.govinfo.gov/collection/january-6th-committee-final-report) from the January 6 Select Committee
- [Capitol Breach Cases](https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211104225001/https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases) November 4, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") â list of defendants charged in federal court in the District of Columbia related to the January 6 attack (list maintained by the [U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Attorney%27s_Office_for_the_District_of_Columbia "U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia"))
- ["Examining the U.S. Capitol Attack: A Review of the Security, Planning, and Response Failures on January 6: Staff Report"](https://www.rules.senate.gov/download/hsgac-rules-jan-6-report). United States Senate; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; Committee on Rules and Administration. June 8, 2021. [SuDoc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuDoc "SuDoc") Class Number Y 4.G 74/9:C 17. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210711182140/https://www.rules.senate.gov/download/hsgac-rules-jan-6-report) from the original on July 11, 2021.
- [FBI Seeking Information Related to Violent Activity at the U.S Capitol Building](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/seeking-info/violence-at-the-united-states-capitol) â [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation")
- ["Senate Impeachment Trial: January 6 Video Montage"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivVOPWrFfW4) (video). [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN"). February 9, 2021. Event occurs at 13:24. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210210065603/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivVOPWrFfW4&feature=youtu.be) from the original on February 10, 2021 â via YouTube.
House Impeachment Manager Rep. [Jamie Raskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Raskin "Jamie Raskin") presents a video montage of the January 6, 2021, Attack on the U.S. Capitol during his opening statement during the [Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump").
- See also:
Elliott, Philip (February 10, 2021). ["This Video of Jan. 6's Insurrection Should Be Mandatory"](https://time.com/5938095/video-capitol-riot-impeachment-trial/). *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210210191325/https://time.com/5938095/video-capitol-riot-impeachment-trial/) from the original on February 10, 2021.
- [H. Res. 24 â Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/24) (article of impeachment adopted by the House on January 13, 2021)
- [H.Res.31 â Condemning and censuring Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/31) (censure resolution introduced on January 11, 2021, by Representative [Tom Malinowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Malinowski "Tom Malinowski"), with two cosponsors)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg) The full text of [Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Article_of_Impeachment_against_Donald_J._Trump_\(2021\) "wikisource:Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)") at Wikisource
Video
- [Jan. 6, 2021: A visual archive of the Capitol attack](https://apps.npr.org/jan-6-archive/) [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")
- [What Parler Saw During the Attack on the Capitol](https://projects.propublica.org/parler-capitol-videos/) (video archive from [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica"))
- [Democracy on Trial](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/democracy-on-trial/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Lies, Politics and Democracy](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/lies-politics-and-democracy/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Plot to Overturn the Election](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/plot-to-overturn-the-election/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Michael Flynn's Holy War](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/michael-flynns-holy-war/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [American Insurrection](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/american-insurrection/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [United States of Conspiracy](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/united-states-of-conspiracy/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Trump's American Carnage](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/trumps-american-carnage/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [Pelosi's Power](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/pelosis-power/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- [America's Great Divide](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/americas-great-divide-from-obama-to-trump/) [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS")
- ["American Reckoning â A PBS NewsHour Special Report"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYh4c42Jprg&t=39s). *PBS NewsHour*. January 15, 2021 â via YouTube.
- ["The January 6th Report \| NBC News Now Special"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-DgsUKw-YE&t=17s). *NBC News*. January 6, 2023 â via YouTube.
- ["CNN Coverage of the January 6 Insurrection"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZiSfMW__iQ&t=5s). CNN Collection. January 9, 2023 â via YouTube.
- Sullivan, Margaret (May 2, 2021). ["The politicians who tried to overturn an election â and the local news team that won't let anyone forget it"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/media/the-politicians-who-tried-to-overturn-an-election--and-the-local-news-team-that-wont-let-anyone-forget-it/2021/05/01/cc8764f6-a91e-11eb-8d25-7b30e74923ea_story.html). *The Washington Post*.
- [FBI U.S. Capitol Violence](https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/capitol-violence) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211104141015/https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/capitol-violence) November 4, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") (Filter by keywords)
Timeline
- Leatherby, Lauren; Singhvi, Anjali (January 15, 2021). ["Critical Moments in the Capitol Siege"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/15/us/trump-capitol-riot-timeline.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210116183419/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/15/us/trump-capitol-riot-timeline.html) from the original on January 16, 2021.
(Detailed timeline)
- Bennett, Dalton; Brown, Emma; Cahlan, Sarah; Lee, Joyce Sohyun; Kelly, Meg; Samuels, Elyse; Swaine, Jon (January 16, 2021). ["41 minutes of fear: A video timeline from inside the Capitol siege"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118054507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/16/video-timeline-capitol-siege/) from the original on January 18, 2021.
(Video timeline)
- [US Capitol stormed](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c37r4jqnn21t/us-capitol-stormed), collected news and commentary. [BBC News Online](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Online "BBC News Online").
- ["Jan. 6 insurrection: The Washington Post's investigation of the causes, cost and aftermath"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/jan-6-insurrection-capitol/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. October 31, 2021.
- [Video (18:49): "Inside Trump's Election Plot"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2aWw-C27Rk) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)") ([MSNBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC"); July 29, 2022)
- ["Donald Trump Is Not Above The Law"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/26/opinion/trump-documents-jan-6-prosecute.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. August 26, 2022. |
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