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1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa049)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis","crawl_time":1774229114,"first_indexed_time":1608511960,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nCover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021.\nThe\nInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\n(\nICVP\n), also known as the\nCarte Jaune\nor\nYellow Card\n, is an official\nvaccination\nreport created by the\nWorld Health Organization\n(WHO).\n[\n1\n]\nAs a\ntravel document\n, it is a kind of\nmedical\npassport\nthat is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.\n[\n1\n]\nThe ICVP is not an\nimmunity passport\n; the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.\n[\n2\n]\nVarious schemes for\nhealth passports\nor\nvaccination certificates\nhave been proposed for people who have been\nvaccinated against COVID-19\n.\nThe ICVP's\nnickname\nYellow Card\nor its\nFrench\nequivalent\nCarte Jaune\nderives from the\nyellow\ncolour of the document. The fact that\nyellow fever\nis a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever.\n[\n1\n]\nInternational Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)\n[\nedit\n]\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985.\nThe International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the\nInternational Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)\nin\nThe Hague\n, which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944.\n[\n3\n]\nAfter\nthe 1944 amendment\n, in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates:\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\nInternational Certificate of Inoculation Against\nCholera\n.\nInternational Certificate of Inoculation Against\nYellow Fever\n.\nInternational Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever.\nInternational Certificate of Inoculation Against\nTyphus Fever\n.\nInternational Certificate of Vaccination Against\nSmallpox\n.\nInternational Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)\n[\nedit\n]\nThe\nWorld Health Organization\n(WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations\nto stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases\n(Article 2.g) and that the\nWorld Health Assembly\nwould\nhave authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease\n(Article 21.a).\n[\n6\n]\nThe Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951,\nreplacing and completing\nthe earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4).\n[\n7\n]\nThe certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term\ninoculation\nwas no longer used.\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\nThe old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV.\n[\n8\n]\nOn 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956.\n[\n9\n]\nInternational Health Regulations (1969–present)\n[\nedit\n]\nThe WHO's\nWorld Health Assembly\nadopted the\nInternational Health Regulations\n(IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions\/Regulations.\n[\n10\n]\nIHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added).\n[\n10\n]\nThe 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera,\nplague\n, smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would\nnot be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory.\n[\n10\n]\nThe World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that\nvaccination against cholera\nwas unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another,\n[\n11\n]\nand removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR;\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nit was also removed from the ICV.\n[\n11\n]\nThe ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the\nrapid expansion of air travel\nin the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.\n[\n12\n]\nAfter smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination.\n[\n10\n]\n[\n12\n]\nThus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nBy 1994,\nSaudi Arabia\nlegally required pilgrims going to\nMecca\nfor the annual\nHajj\nto\nvaccinate against\nmeningococcal meningitis\n, while the\nCenters for Disease Control\nalso advised\nAmericans\ntravelling to the\nAfrican meningitis belt\nor\nKenya\n,\nTanzania\nand\nBurundi\nto take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the\ndry season\n(November–April).\n[\n11\n]\nThe\n2002–2004 SARS outbreak\nwas the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007.\n[\n13\n]\n: 1 \nOn that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969).\n[\n14\n]\nRequired components\n[\nedit\n]\nAn ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against\ndiphtheria\n,\ntetanus\n,\npolio\n(\nDTP\n), and\nmumps\n,\nmeasles\nand\nrubella\n(\nMMR\n)\nThe main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005\nInternational Health Regulations\n, in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre.\n[\n15\n]\n[\n13\n]\n[\n16\n]\nBelow this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nThe form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid.\n[\n15\n]\n[\n13\n]\nAdditional sections\n[\nedit\n]\nThe form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections.\n[\n17\n]\nThe notes section includes information about\nyellow fever\n, since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease.\n[\n15\n]\nInformation for travellers\n[\nedit\n]\nThe information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip.\n[\n15\n]\nProtection against malaria\n[\nedit\n]\nMalaria\nis a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for\nantimalarial medication\n, which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription.\n[\n15\n]\nInformation for physicians\n[\nedit\n]\nThe ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting\ncontraindications\nin cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling.\n[\n15\n]\nAdditional information\n[\nedit\n]\nVaccination against yellow fever\n10 days before entering this country\/territory is required for travellers coming from...\n[\n18\n]\n \n All countries\n \n Risk countries (including airport transfers)\n[\nnote 1\n]\n \n Risk countries (excluding airport transfers)\n[\nnote 2\n]\n \n No requirement (risk country)\n[\nnote 3\n]\n \n No requirement (non-risk country)\nYellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.\n[\n19\n]\nExceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country.\n[\n20\n]\nThe ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016.\n[\n21\n]\nIn the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information.\n[\n13\n]\nDue to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP.\n[\n22\n]\n[\n23\n]\nAs of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital \"e-Yellow Card\" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.\n[\n24\n]\n[\n25\n]\n[\n26\n]\nAs of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock.\n[\n27\n]\nCOVID-19 vaccination\n[\nedit\n]\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a\nCOVID-19 vaccine\nin 2021.\nSimilar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against\nCOVID-19\n.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nMultiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.\n[\n28\n]\nAgencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as\nWorld Economic Forum\nand the\nCommons Project Foundation\n, technology companies such as\nIBM\n, travel companies such as\nVeriFly\n, and the\nInternational Air Transport Association\n.\n[\n28\n]\nAs of March 2021\n, standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established.\n[\n28\n]\nOn 12 March 2021,\nEcma International\nannounced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a \"Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization\".\n[\n29\n]\nWith\nCOVID-19 vaccines\nshowing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby\nIATA\nand the\nWorld Economic Forum\nhave announced pilots.\n[\n30\n]\nIATA's solution, \"Travel Pass\", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing\nTIMATIC\nsystem.\n[\n31\n]\nIsrael employed a digital \"green pass\" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations.\n[\n32\n]\nIt has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the\nKnesset\npassed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated.\n[\n33\n]\nWork has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders.\n[\n34\n]\nElectronic identification\nMedical record\n(contains\nvaccination records\n)\nVaccination requirements for international travel\nIATA Travel Pass app\n^\nAlso required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport.\n^\nNot required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport.\n^\nThe WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.\n^\na\nb\nc\nRice, Evan S. (2017).\nThe Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler\n. New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256.\nISBN\n \n9780316271356\n. Retrieved\n29 November\n2020\n.\n^\nPhelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020).\n\"COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges\"\n.\nThe Lancet\n.\n395\n(10237):\n1595–\n1598.\ndoi\n:\n10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31034-5\n.\nPMC\n \n7198144\n.\nPMID\n \n32380041\n.\n^\nWhiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968).\nDigest of International Law. Volume 9\n. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\nInternational Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945\n. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\nInternational Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying Convention of June 21, 1926: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention of June 21, 1926, which was Signed for the United States of America at Washington on January 5, 1945\n. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 23\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Constitution of the World Health Organization\"\n(PDF)\n. World Health Organization. 22 July 1946\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"WHO regulations no. 2: International Sanitary Regulations\"\n(PDF)\n.\nWorld Health Assembly, 4\n. World Health Organization. 25 May 1951\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nInternational Flight Information Manual. Volume 9\n. Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Agency. 1960. p. 8\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\nTreaties and Other International Acts Series\n. United States Department of State. 1960. pp. \n1–\n5\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\n\"International Health Regulations (1969). Third Annotated Edition 1983\"\n(PDF)\n. World Health Organization. 1995\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nHealth Information for International Travel\n. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control. 1994. pp. \n10–\n12\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nFenner, F.\n; Henderson, D.A.; Arita, I.; Jezek, Z.; Ladnyi, I.D. (1988). \"Chapter 7: Developments in vaccination and control between 1900 and 1966\".\nSmallpox and its eradication\n(PDF)\n. World Health Organization. p. 312.\nISBN\n \n92-4-156110-6\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nInternational Health Regulations\n(3 ed.). World Health Organization. 2005\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis\"\n. World Health Organization. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 June 2013\n. Retrieved\n4 December\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\n\"International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\"\n(PDF)\n. World Health Organization\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination\"\n. Government of Canada. 4 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\"\n. World Health Organization. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)\"\n.\nWorld Health Organisation\n. United Nations. 4 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n29 November\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Yellow Fever\"\n. World Health Organization. 7 May 2019\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination\"\n. World Health Organization. 1 July 2009\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers\"\n. World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from\nthe original\non 5 August 2016\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies\"\n. World Health Organization. 30 October 2020\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\nSowards, Will (23 August 2019).\n\"Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?\"\n. PassportHealth\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version\"\n. \"Better Health for All\" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from\nthe original\non 21 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n15 March\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout\"\n(PDF)\n. US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 4 February 2021\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1\"\n.\nB A L | Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP\n. Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from\nthe original\non 27 November 2020\n. Retrieved\n20 December\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Certificado de vacunación internacional\"\n. MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023\n. Retrieved\n24 June\n2024\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nHamm, Catharine (15 March 2021).\n\"What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. Retrieved\n16 March\n2021\n.\n^\nEcma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports.\n^\n\"Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination\"\n.\nExecutive Traveller\n. 24 November 2020.\n^\n\"IATA Travel Pass Initiative\"\n.\nwww.iata.org\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n16 March\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?\"\n.\nAP NEWS\n. 2 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n4 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket'\n\"\n. politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n28 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization\"\n.\nECMA International\n. 12 March 2021\n. Retrieved\n24 November\n2022\n.\nInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (WHO model)\n– World Health Organization (WHO)","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=International+Certificate+of+Vaccination+or+Prophylaxis \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=International+Certificate+of+Vaccination+or+Prophylaxis \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis)\n- [1 Name](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Name)\n- [2 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [2\\.1 International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Sanitary_Conventions_\\(1933%E2%80%931951\\))\n  - [2\\.2 International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Sanitary_Regulations_\\(1951%E2%80%931969\\))\n  - [2\\.3 International Health Regulations (1969–present)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Health_Regulations_\\(1969%E2%80%93present\\))\n- [3 Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Contents)\n  Toggle Contents subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Required components](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Required_components)\n  - [3\\.2 Additional sections](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Additional_sections)\n    - [3\\.2.1 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Notes)\n    - [3\\.2.2 Information for travellers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Information_for_travellers)\n    - [3\\.2.3 Protection against malaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Protection_against_malaria)\n    - [3\\.2.4 Information for physicians](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Information_for_physicians)\n- [4 Additional information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Additional_information)\n  Toggle Additional information subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Yellow_fever)\n  - [4\\.2 Exceptions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Exceptions)\n  - [4\\.3 Digital versions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Digital_versions)\n  - [4\\.4 COVID-19 vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#COVID-19_vaccination)\n- [5 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#See_also)\n- [6 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Notes_2)\n- [7 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#References)\n- [8 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\n14 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86 \"كارتي جون – Arabic\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_o%C4%8Dkovac%C3%AD_pr%C5%AFkaz \"Mezinárodní očkovací průkaz – Czech\")\n- 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[日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_\\(%E4%BA%88%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A5%E7%A8%AE\\) \"イエローカード (予防接種) – Japanese\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%98%88%EB%B0%A9_%EC%A0%91%EC%A2%85_%EC%A6%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%84%9C \"국제 예방 접종 증명서 – Korean\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internationaal_Bewijs_van_Inenting_of_Profylaxe \"Internationaal Bewijs van Inenting of Profylaxe – Dutch\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Certificado_Internacional_de_Vacina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ou_Profilaxia \"Certificado Internacional de Vacinação ou Profilaxia – Portuguese\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9 \"Паспорт вакцинаций – Russian\")\n- 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URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternational_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Vaccination_certificates)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q16357 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nInternational certificate of vaccination\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg\/250px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)\n\nCover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021.\n\nThe **International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis** (**ICVP**), also known as the **Carte Jaune** or **Yellow Card**, is an official [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination \"Vaccination\") report created by the [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization \"World Health Organization\") (WHO).[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) As a [travel document](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_document \"Travel document\"), it is a kind of *medical [passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passport \"Passport\")* that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1)\n\nThe ICVP is not an [immunity passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immunity_passport \"Immunity passport\"); the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Phelan-2)\n\nVarious schemes for **health passports** or **vaccination certificates** have been proposed for people who have been [vaccinated against COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\").\n\n## Name\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Name\")\\]\n\nThe ICVP's [nickname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nickname \"Nickname\") *Yellow Card* or its [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\") equivalent *Carte Jaune* derives from the [yellow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow \"Yellow\") colour of the document. The fact that [yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\") is a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\n### International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)\")\\]\n\n[![Soviet International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg\/250px-Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)\n\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985.\n\nFurther information: [International Sanitary Conferences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sanitary_Conferences \"International Sanitary Conferences\")\n\nThe International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\\(1933\\) \"International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)\") in [The Hague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hague \"The Hague\"), which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Whiteman-3) After [the 1944 amendment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\\(1944\\) \"International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944)\"), in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates:[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-5)\n\n1. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Cholera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cholera \"Cholera\").\n2. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\").\n3. International Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever.\n4. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Typhus Fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typhus \"Typhus\").\n5. International Certificate of Vaccination Against [Smallpox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox \"Smallpox\").\n\n### International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)\")\\]\n\nThe [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization \"World Health Organization\") (WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations *to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases* (Article 2.g) and that the [World Health Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Assembly \"World Health Assembly\") would *have authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease* (Article 21.a).[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-6) The Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951, *replacing and completing* the earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4).[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7) The certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term *[inoculation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inoculation \"Inoculation\")* was no longer used.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) The old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) On 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-9)\n\n### International Health Regulations (1969–present)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: International Health Regulations (1969–present)\")\\]\n\nThe WHO's [World Health Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Assembly \"World Health Assembly\") adopted the [International Health Regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Health_Regulations \"International Health Regulations\") (IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions\/Regulations.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) IHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added).[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera, [plague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plague_\\(disease\\) \"Plague (disease)\"), smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would *not be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory.*[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that [vaccination against cholera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cholera_vaccine \"Cholera vaccine\") was unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) and removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR;[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) it was also removed from the ICV.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11)\n\nThe ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the [rapid expansion of air travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-war_aviation \"Post-war aviation\") in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) After smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) Thus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nBy 1994, [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudi_Arabia \"Saudi Arabia\") legally required pilgrims going to [Mecca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mecca \"Mecca\") for the annual [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hajj \"Hajj\") to [vaccinate against](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meningococcal_vaccine \"Meningococcal vaccine\") [meningococcal meningitis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meningococcal_disease \"Meningococcal disease\"), while the [Centers for Disease Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control \"Centers for Disease Control\") also advised [Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\") travelling to the [African meningitis belt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_meningitis_belt \"African meningitis belt\") or [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya \"Kenya\"), [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania \"Tanzania\") and [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burundi \"Burundi\") to take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the [dry season](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dry_season \"Dry season\") (November–April).[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11)\n\nThe [2002–2004 SARS outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak \"2002–2004 SARS outbreak\") was the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13): 1  On that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969).[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-14)\n\n## Contents\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Contents\")\\]\n\n### Required components\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Required components\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3d\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg\/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_\\(Netherlands\\)_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)\n\nAn ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against [diphtheria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diphtheria \"Diphtheria\"), [tetanus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetanus \"Tetanus\"), [polio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polio \"Polio\") ([DTP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DPT_vaccine#Netherlands \"DPT vaccine\")), and [mumps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumps \"Mumps\"), [measles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Measles \"Measles\") and [rubella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rubella \"Rubella\") ([MMR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MMR_vaccine \"MMR vaccine\"))\n\nThe main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005 [International Health Regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Health_Regulations \"International Health Regulations\"), in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-canada-16)\n\nBelow this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] The form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)\n\n### Additional sections\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Additional sections\")\\]\n\nThe form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-2007book-17)\n\n#### Notes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Notes\")\\]\n\nThe notes section includes information about [yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\"), since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Information for travellers\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Information for travellers\")\\]\n\nThe information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Protection against malaria\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Protection against malaria\")\\]\n\n[Malaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaria \"Malaria\") is a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for [antimalarial medication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimalarial_medication \"Antimalarial medication\"), which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Information for physicians\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Information for physicians\")\\]\n\nThe ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting [contraindications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contraindication \"Contraindication\") in cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n## Additional information\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Additional information\")\\]\n\n### Yellow fever\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: Yellow fever\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg\/500px-Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg)\n\n[Vaccination against yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever_vaccine \"Yellow fever vaccine\") 10 days before entering this country\/territory is required for travellers coming from...[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-WHO_country_list-18)\n\nAll countries\n\nRisk countries (including airport transfers)[\\[note 1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-transit_explanation-19)\n\nRisk countries (excluding airport transfers)[\\[note 2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-no_transit-20)\n\nNo requirement (risk country)[\\[note 3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ArBrPe-21)\n\nNo requirement (non-risk country)\n\nFurther information: [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n\nYellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellowfever-22) Exceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellow_fever_by_country-23) The ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-whoupdate-24)\n\n### Exceptions\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Exceptions\")\\]\n\nIn the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)\n\n### Digital versions\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Digital versions\")\\]\n\nDue to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-tech-25)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria-26) As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital \"e-Yellow Card\" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria_ministry-27)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-osac-28)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-berry-29) As of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock. [\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-MSP-30)\n\n### COVID-19 vaccination\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: COVID-19 vaccination\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg\/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)\n\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a [COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") in 2021.\n\nFurther information: [Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation § Digital vaccination certificates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_certificates \"Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation\")\n\nSimilar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against [COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\").\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nMultiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) Agencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as [World Economic Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Economic_Forum \"World Economic Forum\") and the [Commons Project Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Commons_Project_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Commons Project Foundation (page does not exist)\"), technology companies such as [IBM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM \"IBM\"), travel companies such as [VeriFly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=VeriFly&action=edit&redlink=1 \"VeriFly (page does not exist)\"), and the [International Air Transport Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Air_Transport_Association \"International Air Transport Association\").[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) As of March 2021[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit), standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) On 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecma_International \"Ecma International\") announced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a \"Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization\".[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-32)\n\nWith [COVID-19 vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") showing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby [IATA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IATA \"IATA\") and the [World Economic Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Economic_Forum \"World Economic Forum\") have announced pilots.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-33) IATA's solution, \"Travel Pass\", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing [TIMATIC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TIMATIC \"TIMATIC\") system.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-34)\n\nIsrael employed a digital \"green pass\" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-35) It has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the [Knesset](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knesset \"Knesset\") passed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-36)\n\nWork has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-37)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [Electronic identification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_identification \"Electronic identification\")\n- [Medical record](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_record \"Medical record\") (contains [vaccination records](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_record \"Vaccination record\"))\n- [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n- [IATA Travel Pass app](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel#COVID-19 \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n\n## Notes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: Notes\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-transit_explanation_19-0)** Also required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-no_transit_20-0)** Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ArBrPe_21-0)** The WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-2)\n   Rice, Evan S. (2017). [*The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=35QnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT256). New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9780316271356](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780316271356 \"Special:BookSources\/9780316271356\")\n   \n   . Retrieved 29 November 2020.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Phelan_2-0)**\n   Phelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020). [\"COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). *The Lancet*. **395** (10237): 1595–1598\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31034-5](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2931034-5). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7198144](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32380041](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32380041).\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Whiteman_3-0)**\n   Whiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968). [*Digest of International Law. Volume 9*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BEg6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1202). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-4)**\n   [*International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EozR3m_ULhUC&pg=PA25). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-5)**\n   [*International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying Convention of June 21, 1926: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention of June 21, 1926, which was Signed for the United States of America at Washington on January 5, 1945*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=07A65AFNUlcC&pg=PA23). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 23. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Constitution of the World Health Organization\"](https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/bd\/PDF\/bd47\/EN\/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1) (PDF). World Health Organization. 22 July 1946. Retrieved 23 December 2020.\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ISR_1951_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ISR_1951_7-1)\n   [\"WHO regulations no. 2: International Sanitary Regulations\"](https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/101391\/WHA4_60_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF). *World Health Assembly, 4*. World Health Organization. 25 May 1951. Retrieved 23 December 2020.\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Flight_Manual_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Flight_Manual_8-1)\n   [*International Flight Information Manual. Volume 9*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9SUkY-ZSw8QC&pg=PA8). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Agency. 1960. p. 8. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-9)**\n   [*Treaties and Other International Acts Series*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=x98tFUl0HNQC&pg=RA13-PA1). United States Department of State. 1960. pp. 1–5. Retrieved 23 December 2020.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-4)\n    [\"International Health Regulations (1969). Third Annotated Edition 1983\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/ihr\/ihr1969.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. 1995. Retrieved 23 December 2020.\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-3)\n    [*Health Information for International Travel*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=lraGA8loLSIC&pg=PA10). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control. 1994. pp. 10–12. Retrieved 23 December 2020.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Fenner_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Fenner_12-1)\n    [Fenner, F.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Fenner \"Frank Fenner\"); Henderson, D.A.; Arita, I.; Jezek, Z.; Ladnyi, I.D. (1988). \"Chapter 7: Developments in vaccination and control between 1900 and 1966\". [*Smallpox and its eradication*](https:\/\/biotech.law.lsu.edu\/blaw\/bt\/smallpox\/who\/red-book\/Chp%2007.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. p. 312. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [92-4-156110-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/92-4-156110-6 \"Special:BookSources\/92-4-156110-6\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n13. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-3)\n    [*International Health Regulations*](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241580496) (3 ed.). World Health Organization. 2005. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130617201306\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp\/en\/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp\/en\/) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-5)\n    [\"International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/IVC200_06_26.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-canada_16-0)**\n    [\"Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/travel-health\/yellow-fever\/procedures\/recommendations-completing-international-certificate-vaccination-prophylaxis-poliovirus-vaccination.html). Government of Canada. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-2007book_17-0)**\n    [\"Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140707083427\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp_note\/en\/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp_note\/en\/) on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-WHO_country_list_18-0)**\n    [\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\\(july-2019\\)). *World Health Organisation*. United Nations. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellowfever_22-0)**\n    [\"Yellow Fever\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/yellow-fever). World Health Organization. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellow_fever_by_country_23-0)**\n    [\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\\(july-2019\\)). World Health Organization. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-whoupdate_24-0)**\n    [\"New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160805171246\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/ith\/updates\/20160727\/en\/). World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ith\/updates\/20160727\/en\/) on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-tech_25-0)**\n    [\"Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies\"](https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/fighting-fake-immunization-travel-certificates-frontier-technologies). World Health Organization. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_26-0)**\n    Sowards, Will (23 August 2019). [\"Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?\"](https:\/\/www.passporthealthusa.com\/2019\/08\/why-do-i-need-a-yellow-fever-card\/). PassportHealth. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_ministry_27-0)**\n    [\"FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210421213019\/https:\/\/www.bh4a.com.ng\/2019\/06\/28\/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version\/). \"Better Health for All\" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bh4a.com.ng\/2019\/06\/28\/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version\/) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-osac_28-0)**\n    [\"Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210204092048\/https:\/\/prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com\/documents\/globalsupport\/files\/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF). US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com\/documents\/globalsupport\/files\/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF) on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-berry_29-0)**\n    [\"E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201127104208\/https:\/\/www.balglobal.com\/bal-news\/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1\/). *B A L \\| Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP*. Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.balglobal.com\/bal-news\/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1\/) on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-MSP_30-0)**\n    [\"Certificado de vacunación internacional\"](https:\/\/www.salud.gob.ec\/certificado-de-vacunacion-internacional-contra-la-fiebre-amarilla-se-emite-en-formato-digital\/). MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2024.\n28. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-2)\n    Hamm, Catharine (15 March 2021). [\"What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/travel\/story\/2021-03-15\/covid-19-health-passports-vaccine-testing-impact-travel). *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 16 March 2021.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-32)** Ecma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.executivetraveller.com\/news\/digital-travel-pass-app-will-show-covid-test-results-vaccination). *Executive Traveller*. 24 November 2020.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-34)**\n    [\"IATA Travel Pass Initiative\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210402062041\/https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/passenger\/travel-pass\/). *www.iata.org*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/passenger\/travel-pass\/) on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?\"](https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/israel-can-unvaccinated-return-to-work-dilemma-coronavrius-7e18cdee3a66018c36a6c61d5bc8a4c1). *AP NEWS*. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket'\"](https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/comment\/2021\/04\/21\/israels-vaccine-passport-scheme-is-no-golden-ticket\/). politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-37)**\n    [\"Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization\"](https:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/news\/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization\/). *ECMA International*. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022.\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [Vaccination certificates](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Vaccination_certificates \"commons:Category:Vaccination certificates\").\n\n- [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (WHO model)](http:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/IVC200_06_26.pdf) – World Health Organization (WHO)\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&oldid=1336912825>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [International travel documents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:International_travel_documents \"Category:International travel documents\")\n- [Passports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Passports \"Category:Passports\")\n- [Tropical diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Tropical_diseases \"Category:Tropical diseases\")\n- [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:World_Health_Organization \"Category:World Health Organization\")\n- [Medical records](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Medical_records \"Category:Medical records\")\n- [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Vaccines \"Category:Vaccines\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short description\")\n- [Short description is different from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata \"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\")\n- [Use dmy dates from November 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020 \"Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020\")\n- [Use British English from November 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2020 \"Category:Use British English from November 2020\")\n- [All Wikipedia articles written in British English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_British_English \"Category:All Wikipedia articles written in British English\")\n- [All articles with unsourced statements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements \"Category:All articles with unsourced statements\")\n- [Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022 \"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022\")\n- [Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021 \"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021\")\n- [Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023 \"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023\")\n- [Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2021 \"Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021\")\n- [All articles containing potentially dated statements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements \"Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements\")\n- [Commons category link is on Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata \"Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 6 February 2026, at 11:43 (UTC).\n- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License \"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\"); additional terms may apply. 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\n\n14 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg\/250px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)\n\nCover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021.\n\nThe **International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis** (**ICVP**), also known as the **Carte Jaune** or **Yellow Card**, is an official [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination \"Vaccination\") report created by the [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization \"World Health Organization\") (WHO).[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) As a [travel document](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_document \"Travel document\"), it is a kind of *medical [passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passport \"Passport\")* that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1)\n\nThe ICVP is not an [immunity passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immunity_passport \"Immunity passport\"); the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Phelan-2)\n\nVarious schemes for **health passports** or **vaccination certificates** have been proposed for people who have been [vaccinated against COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\").\n\nThe ICVP's [nickname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nickname \"Nickname\") *Yellow Card* or its [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\") equivalent *Carte Jaune* derives from the [yellow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow \"Yellow\") colour of the document. The fact that [yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\") is a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1)\n\n### International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)\")\\]\n\n[![Soviet International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg\/250px-Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)\n\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985.\n\nThe International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\\(1933\\) \"International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)\") in [The Hague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hague \"The Hague\"), which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Whiteman-3) After [the 1944 amendment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\\(1944\\) \"International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944)\"), in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates:[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-5)\n\n1. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Cholera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cholera \"Cholera\").\n2. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Yellow Fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\").\n3. International Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever.\n4. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Typhus Fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typhus \"Typhus\").\n5. International Certificate of Vaccination Against [Smallpox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox \"Smallpox\").\n\n### International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)\")\\]\n\nThe [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization \"World Health Organization\") (WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations *to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases* (Article 2.g) and that the [World Health Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Assembly \"World Health Assembly\") would *have authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease* (Article 21.a).[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-6) The Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951, *replacing and completing* the earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4).[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7) The certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term *[inoculation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inoculation \"Inoculation\")* was no longer used.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) The old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) On 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-9)\n\n### International Health Regulations (1969–present)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: International Health Regulations (1969–present)\")\\]\n\nThe WHO's [World Health Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Assembly \"World Health Assembly\") adopted the [International Health Regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Health_Regulations \"International Health Regulations\") (IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions\/Regulations.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) IHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added).[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera, [plague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plague_\\(disease\\) \"Plague (disease)\"), smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would *not be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory.*[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that [vaccination against cholera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cholera_vaccine \"Cholera vaccine\") was unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) and removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR;[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) it was also removed from the ICV.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11)\n\nThe ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the [rapid expansion of air travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-war_aviation \"Post-war aviation\") in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) After smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) Thus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nBy 1994, [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudi_Arabia \"Saudi Arabia\") legally required pilgrims going to [Mecca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mecca \"Mecca\") for the annual [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hajj \"Hajj\") to [vaccinate against](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meningococcal_vaccine \"Meningococcal vaccine\") [meningococcal meningitis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meningococcal_disease \"Meningococcal disease\"), while the [Centers for Disease Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control \"Centers for Disease Control\") also advised [Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\") travelling to the [African meningitis belt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_meningitis_belt \"African meningitis belt\") or [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya \"Kenya\"), [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania \"Tanzania\") and [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burundi \"Burundi\") to take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the [dry season](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dry_season \"Dry season\") (November–April).[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11)\n\nThe [2002–2004 SARS outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak \"2002–2004 SARS outbreak\") was the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13): 1  On that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969).[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-14)\n\n### Required components\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Required components\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3d\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg\/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_\\(Netherlands\\)_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)\n\nAn ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against [diphtheria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diphtheria \"Diphtheria\"), [tetanus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetanus \"Tetanus\"), [polio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polio \"Polio\") ([DTP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DPT_vaccine#Netherlands \"DPT vaccine\")), and [mumps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumps \"Mumps\"), [measles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Measles \"Measles\") and [rubella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rubella \"Rubella\") ([MMR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MMR_vaccine \"MMR vaccine\"))\n\nThe main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005 [International Health Regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Health_Regulations \"International Health Regulations\"), in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-canada-16)\n\nBelow this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] The form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)\n\n### Additional sections\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Additional sections\")\\]\n\nThe form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-2007book-17)\n\nThe notes section includes information about [yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever \"Yellow fever\"), since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Information for travellers\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Information for travellers\")\\]\n\nThe information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Protection against malaria\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Protection against malaria\")\\]\n\n[Malaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaria \"Malaria\") is a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for [antimalarial medication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimalarial_medication \"Antimalarial medication\"), which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n#### Information for physicians\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Information for physicians\")\\]\n\nThe ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting [contraindications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contraindication \"Contraindication\") in cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)\n\n## Additional information\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Additional information\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg\/500px-Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg)\n\n[Vaccination against yellow fever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_fever_vaccine \"Yellow fever vaccine\") 10 days before entering this country\/territory is required for travellers coming from...[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-WHO_country_list-18)\n\nAll countries\n\nRisk countries (including airport transfers)[\\[note 1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-transit_explanation-19)\n\nRisk countries (excluding airport transfers)[\\[note 2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-no_transit-20)\n\nNo requirement (risk country)[\\[note 3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ArBrPe-21)\n\nNo requirement (non-risk country)\n\nYellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellowfever-22) Exceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellow_fever_by_country-23) The ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-whoupdate-24)\n\nIn the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)\n\nDue to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-tech-25)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria-26) As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital \"e-Yellow Card\" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria_ministry-27)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-osac-28)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-berry-29) As of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock. [\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-MSP-30)\n\n### COVID-19 vaccination\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: COVID-19 vaccination\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg\/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)\n\nAn International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a [COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") in 2021.\n\nSimilar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against [COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\").\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nMultiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) Agencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as [World Economic Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Economic_Forum \"World Economic Forum\") and the [Commons Project Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Commons_Project_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Commons Project Foundation (page does not exist)\"), technology companies such as [IBM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM \"IBM\"), travel companies such as [VeriFly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=VeriFly&action=edit&redlink=1 \"VeriFly (page does not exist)\"), and the [International Air Transport Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Air_Transport_Association \"International Air Transport Association\").[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) As of March 2021, standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) On 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecma_International \"Ecma International\") announced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a \"Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization\".[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-32)\n\nWith [COVID-19 vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") showing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby [IATA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IATA \"IATA\") and the [World Economic Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Economic_Forum \"World Economic Forum\") have announced pilots.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-33) IATA's solution, \"Travel Pass\", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing [TIMATIC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TIMATIC \"TIMATIC\") system.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-34)\n\nIsrael employed a digital \"green pass\" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-35) It has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the [Knesset](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knesset \"Knesset\") passed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-36)\n\nWork has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-37)\n\n- [Electronic identification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_identification \"Electronic identification\")\n- [Medical record](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_record \"Medical record\") (contains [vaccination records](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_record \"Vaccination record\"))\n- [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n- [IATA Travel Pass app](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel#COVID-19 \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-transit_explanation_19-0)** Also required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-no_transit_20-0)** Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ArBrPe_21-0)** The WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-2)\n   Rice, Evan S. (2017). [*The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=35QnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT256). New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9780316271356](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780316271356 \"Special:BookSources\/9780316271356\")\n   \n   . Retrieved 29 November 2020.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Phelan_2-0)**\n   Phelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020). [\"COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). *The Lancet*. **395** (10237): 1595–1598\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31034-5](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2931034-5). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7198144](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32380041](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32380041).\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Whiteman_3-0)**\n   Whiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968). [*Digest of International Law. Volume 9*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BEg6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1202). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-4)**\n   [*International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EozR3m_ULhUC&pg=PA25). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-5)**\n   [*International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying Convention of June 21, 1926: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention of June 21, 1926, which was Signed for the United States of America at Washington on January 5, 1945*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=07A65AFNUlcC&pg=PA23). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 23. Retrieved 4 December 2020.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Constitution of the World Health Organization\"](https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/bd\/PDF\/bd47\/EN\/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1) (PDF). World Health Organization. 22 July 1946. 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World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp\/en\/) on 17 June 2013. 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Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-canada_16-0)**\n    [\"Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/travel-health\/yellow-fever\/procedures\/recommendations-completing-international-certificate-vaccination-prophylaxis-poliovirus-vaccination.html). Government of Canada. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-2007book_17-0)**\n    [\"Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140707083427\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp_note\/en\/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/ports_airports\/icvp_note\/en\/) on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-WHO_country_list_18-0)**\n    [\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\\(july-2019\\)). *World Health Organisation*. United Nations. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellowfever_22-0)**\n    [\"Yellow Fever\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/yellow-fever). World Health Organization. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellow_fever_by_country_23-0)**\n    [\"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\\(july-2019\\)). World Health Organization. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-whoupdate_24-0)**\n    [\"New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160805171246\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/ith\/updates\/20160727\/en\/). World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.who.int\/ith\/updates\/20160727\/en\/) on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-tech_25-0)**\n    [\"Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies\"](https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/fighting-fake-immunization-travel-certificates-frontier-technologies). World Health Organization. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_26-0)**\n    Sowards, Will (23 August 2019). [\"Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?\"](https:\/\/www.passporthealthusa.com\/2019\/08\/why-do-i-need-a-yellow-fever-card\/). PassportHealth. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_ministry_27-0)**\n    [\"FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210421213019\/https:\/\/www.bh4a.com.ng\/2019\/06\/28\/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version\/). \"Better Health for All\" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bh4a.com.ng\/2019\/06\/28\/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version\/) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-osac_28-0)**\n    [\"Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210204092048\/https:\/\/prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com\/documents\/globalsupport\/files\/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF). US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com\/documents\/globalsupport\/files\/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF) on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-berry_29-0)**\n    [\"E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201127104208\/https:\/\/www.balglobal.com\/bal-news\/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1\/). *B A L \\| Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP*. Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.balglobal.com\/bal-news\/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1\/) on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-MSP_30-0)**\n    [\"Certificado de vacunación internacional\"](https:\/\/www.salud.gob.ec\/certificado-de-vacunacion-internacional-contra-la-fiebre-amarilla-se-emite-en-formato-digital\/). MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2024.\n28. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-2)\n    Hamm, Catharine (15 March 2021). [\"What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/travel\/story\/2021-03-15\/covid-19-health-passports-vaccine-testing-impact-travel). *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 16 March 2021.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-32)** Ecma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination\"](https:\/\/www.executivetraveller.com\/news\/digital-travel-pass-app-will-show-covid-test-results-vaccination). *Executive Traveller*. 24 November 2020.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-34)**\n    [\"IATA Travel Pass Initiative\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210402062041\/https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/passenger\/travel-pass\/). *www.iata.org*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/passenger\/travel-pass\/) on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?\"](https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/israel-can-unvaccinated-return-to-work-dilemma-coronavrius-7e18cdee3a66018c36a6c61d5bc8a4c1). *AP NEWS*. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket'\"](https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/comment\/2021\/04\/21\/israels-vaccine-passport-scheme-is-no-golden-ticket\/). politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-37)**\n    [\"Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization\"](https:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/news\/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization\/). *ECMA International*. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022.\n\n- [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (WHO model)](http:\/\/www.who.int\/ihr\/IVC200_06_26.pdf) – World Health Organization (WHO)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021. The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis ( ICVP ), also known as the Carte Jaune or Yellow Card , is an official vaccination report created by the World Health Organization (WHO). [ 1 ] As a travel document , it is a kind of medical passport that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers. [ 1 ] The ICVP is not an immunity passport ; the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease. [ 2 ] Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 . The ICVP's nickname Yellow Card or its French equivalent Carte Jaune derives from the yellow colour of the document. The fact that yellow fever is a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever. [ 1 ] International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951) [ edit ] An International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985. The International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933) in The Hague , which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944. [ 3 ] After the 1944 amendment , in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates: [ 4 ] [ 5 ] International Certificate of Inoculation Against Cholera . International Certificate of Inoculation Against Yellow Fever . International Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever. International Certificate of Inoculation Against Typhus Fever . International Certificate of Vaccination Against Smallpox . International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969) [ edit ] The World Health Organization (WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases (Article 2.g) and that the World Health Assembly would have authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease (Article 21.a). [ 6 ] The Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951, replacing and completing the earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4). [ 7 ] The certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term inoculation was no longer used. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV. [ 8 ] On 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956. [ 9 ] International Health Regulations (1969–present) [ edit ] The WHO's World Health Assembly adopted the International Health Regulations (IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions/Regulations. [ 10 ] IHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added). [ 10 ] The 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera, plague , smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would not be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory. [ 10 ] The World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that vaccination against cholera was unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another, [ 11 ] and removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR; [ 10 ] [ 11 ] it was also removed from the ICV. [ 11 ] The ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the rapid expansion of air travel in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours. [ 12 ] After smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination. [ 10 ] [ 12 ] Thus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used. [ citation needed ] By 1994, Saudi Arabia legally required pilgrims going to Mecca for the annual Hajj to vaccinate against meningococcal meningitis , while the Centers for Disease Control also advised Americans travelling to the African meningitis belt or Kenya , Tanzania and Burundi to take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the dry season (November–April). [ 11 ] The 2002–2004 SARS outbreak was the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007. [ 13 ] : 1 On that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969). [ 14 ] Required components [ edit ] An ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against diphtheria , tetanus , polio ( DTP ), and mumps , measles and rubella ( MMR ) The main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005 International Health Regulations , in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre. [ 15 ] [ 13 ] [ 16 ] Below this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO. [ citation needed ] The form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid. [ 15 ] [ 13 ] Additional sections [ edit ] The form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections. [ 17 ] The notes section includes information about yellow fever , since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease. [ 15 ] Information for travellers [ edit ] The information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip. [ 15 ] Protection against malaria [ edit ] Malaria is a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for antimalarial medication , which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription. [ 15 ] Information for physicians [ edit ] The ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting contraindications in cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling. [ 15 ] Additional information [ edit ] Vaccination against yellow fever 10 days before entering this country/territory is required for travellers coming from... [ 18 ] All countries Risk countries (including airport transfers) [ note 1 ] Risk countries (excluding airport transfers) [ note 2 ] No requirement (risk country) [ note 3 ] No requirement (non-risk country) Yellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. [ 19 ] Exceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country. [ 20 ] The ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016. [ 21 ] In the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information. [ 13 ] Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] As of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock. [ 27 ] COVID-19 vaccination [ edit ] An International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine in 2021. Similar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 . [ citation needed ] Multiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. [ 28 ] Agencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as World Economic Forum and the Commons Project Foundation , technology companies such as IBM , travel companies such as VeriFly , and the International Air Transport Association . [ 28 ] As of March 2021 , standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established. [ 28 ] On 12 March 2021, Ecma International announced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a "Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization". [ 29 ] With COVID-19 vaccines showing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby IATA and the World Economic Forum have announced pilots. [ 30 ] IATA's solution, "Travel Pass", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing TIMATIC system. [ 31 ] Israel employed a digital "green pass" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations. [ 32 ] It has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the Knesset passed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated. [ 33 ] Work has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders. [ 34 ] Electronic identification Medical record (contains vaccination records ) Vaccination requirements for international travel IATA Travel Pass app ^ Also required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport. ^ Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport. ^ The WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever. ^ a b c Rice, Evan S. (2017). The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler . New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256. ISBN 9780316271356 . Retrieved 29 November 2020 . ^ Phelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020). "COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges" . The Lancet . 395 (10237): 1595– 1598. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31034-5 . PMC 7198144 . PMID 32380041 . ^ Whiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968). Digest of International Law. Volume 9 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying Convention of June 21, 1926: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention of June 21, 1926, which was Signed for the United States of America at Washington on January 5, 1945 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 23 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ "Constitution of the World Health Organization" (PDF) . World Health Organization. 22 July 1946 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ a b "WHO regulations no. 2: International Sanitary Regulations" (PDF) . World Health Assembly, 4 . World Health Organization. 25 May 1951 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ a b International Flight Information Manual. Volume 9 . Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Agency. 1960. p. 8 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ Treaties and Other International Acts Series . United States Department of State. 1960. pp. 1– 5 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ a b c d e "International Health Regulations (1969). Third Annotated Edition 1983" (PDF) . World Health Organization. 1995 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ a b c d Health Information for International Travel . Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control. 1994. pp. 10– 12 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ a b Fenner, F. ; Henderson, D.A.; Arita, I.; Jezek, Z.; Ladnyi, I.D. (1988). "Chapter 7: Developments in vaccination and control between 1900 and 1966". Smallpox and its eradication (PDF) . World Health Organization. p. 312. ISBN 92-4-156110-6 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ a b c d International Health Regulations (3 ed.). World Health Organization. 2005 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis" . World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013 . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . ^ a b c d e f "International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis" (PDF) . World Health Organization . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination" . Government of Canada. 4 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis" . World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)" . World Health Organisation . United Nations. 4 July 2019 . Retrieved 29 November 2020 . ^ "Yellow Fever" . World Health Organization. 7 May 2019 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination" . World Health Organization. 1 July 2009 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers" . World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies" . World Health Organization. 30 October 2020 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ Sowards, Will (23 August 2019). "Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?" . PassportHealth . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version" . "Better Health for All" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 15 March 2021 . ^ "Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout" (PDF) . US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2021 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1" . B A L \| Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP . Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020 . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ "Certificado de vacunación internacional" . MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023 . Retrieved 24 June 2024 . ^ a b c Hamm, Catharine (15 March 2021). "What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 16 March 2021 . ^ Ecma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports. ^ "Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination" . Executive Traveller . 24 November 2020. ^ "IATA Travel Pass Initiative" . www.iata.org . Archived from the original on 2 April 2021 . Retrieved 16 March 2021 . ^ "Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?" . AP NEWS . 2 April 2021 . Retrieved 4 April 2021 . ^ "Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket' " . politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 28 April 2021 . ^ "Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization" . ECMA International . 12 March 2021 . Retrieved 24 November 2022 . International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (WHO model) – World Health Organization (WHO)
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=International+Certificate+of+Vaccination+or+Prophylaxis "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=International+Certificate+of+Vaccination+or+Prophylaxis "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis) - [1 Name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Name) - [2 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#History) Toggle History subsection - [2\.1 International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Sanitary_Conventions_\(1933%E2%80%931951\)) - [2\.2 International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Sanitary_Regulations_\(1951%E2%80%931969\)) - [2\.3 International Health Regulations (1969–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#International_Health_Regulations_\(1969%E2%80%93present\)) - [3 Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Contents) Toggle Contents subsection - [3\.1 Required components](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Required_components) - [3\.2 Additional sections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Additional_sections) - [3\.2.1 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Notes) - [3\.2.2 Information for travellers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Information_for_travellers) - [3\.2.3 Protection against malaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Protection_against_malaria) - [3\.2.4 Information for physicians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Information_for_physicians) - [4 Additional information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Additional_information) Toggle Additional information subsection - [4\.1 Yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Yellow_fever) - [4\.2 Exceptions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Exceptions) - [4\.3 Digital versions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Digital_versions) - [4\.4 COVID-19 vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#COVID-19_vaccination) - [5 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#See_also) - [6 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#Notes_2) - [7 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#References) - [8 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis 14 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86 "كارتي جون – Arabic") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_o%C4%8Dkovac%C3%AD_pr%C5%AFkaz "Mezinárodní očkovací průkaz – Czech") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impfausweis "Impfausweis – German") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificado_internacional_de_vacunaci%C3%B3n_o_profilaxis "Certificado internacional de vacunación o profilaxis – Spanish") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86 "گواهی‌نامه بین‌المللی واکسیناسیون – Persian") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D "פנקס חיסונים – Hebrew") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificato_internazionale_di_vaccinazione_o_profilassi "Certificato internazionale di vaccinazione o profilassi – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_\(%E4%BA%88%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A5%E7%A8%AE\) "イエローカード (予防接種) – Japanese") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%98%88%EB%B0%A9_%EC%A0%91%EC%A2%85_%EC%A6%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%84%9C "국제 예방 접종 증명서 – Korean") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Bewijs_van_Inenting_of_Profylaxe "Internationaal Bewijs van Inenting of Profylaxe – Dutch") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificado_Internacional_de_Vacina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ou_Profilaxia "Certificado Internacional de Vacinação ou Profilaxia – Portuguese") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9 "Паспорт вакцинаций – Russian") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83 "Сертифікат імунітету – Ukrainian") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97%E6%8E%A5%E7%A7%8D%E6%88%96%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6 "疫苗接种或预防措施国际证书 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16357#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - 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[Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16357 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia International certificate of vaccination [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg/250px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg) Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021. The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune or Yellow Card, is an official [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination "Vaccination") report created by the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) As a [travel document](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_document "Travel document"), it is a kind of medical [passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passport "Passport") that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) The ICVP is not an [immunity passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_passport "Immunity passport"); the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Phelan-2) Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been [vaccinated against COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine"). ## Name \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Name")\] The ICVP's [nickname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickname "Nickname") Yellow Card or its [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language") equivalent Carte Jaune derives from the [yellow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow "Yellow") colour of the document. The fact that [yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever") is a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: History")\] ### International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)")\] [![Soviet International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg/250px-Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg) An International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985. Further information: [International Sanitary Conferences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Conferences "International Sanitary Conferences") The International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\(1933\) "International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)") in [The Hague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague "The Hague"), which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Whiteman-3) After [the 1944 amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\(1944\) "International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944)"), in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates:[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-5) 1. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Cholera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera "Cholera"). 2. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Yellow Fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever"). 3. International Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever. 4. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Typhus Fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus "Typhus"). 5. International Certificate of Vaccination Against [Smallpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox "Smallpox"). ### International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)")\] The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases (Article 2.g) and that the [World Health Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly "World Health Assembly") would have authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease (Article 21.a).[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-6) The Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951, replacing and completing the earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4).[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7) The certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term [inoculation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation "Inoculation") was no longer used.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) The old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) On 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-9) ### International Health Regulations (1969–present) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: International Health Regulations (1969–present)")\] The WHO's [World Health Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly "World Health Assembly") adopted the [International Health Regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Health_Regulations "International Health Regulations") (IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions/Regulations.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) IHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added).[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera, [plague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_\(disease\) "Plague (disease)"), smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would not be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that [vaccination against cholera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_vaccine "Cholera vaccine") was unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) and removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR;[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) it was also removed from the ICV.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) The ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the [rapid expansion of air travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-war_aviation "Post-war aviation") in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) After smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) Thus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] By 1994, [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") legally required pilgrims going to [Mecca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca "Mecca") for the annual [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj "Hajj") to [vaccinate against](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine "Meningococcal vaccine") [meningococcal meningitis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_disease "Meningococcal disease"), while the [Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control "Centers for Disease Control") also advised [Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") travelling to the [African meningitis belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_meningitis_belt "African meningitis belt") or [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya"), [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") and [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi "Burundi") to take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the [dry season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_season "Dry season") (November–April).[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) The [2002–2004 SARS outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak "2002–2004 SARS outbreak") was the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13): 1 On that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969).[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-14) ## Contents \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Contents")\] ### Required components \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Required components")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_\(Netherlands\)_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg) An ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against [diphtheria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria "Diphtheria"), [tetanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus "Tetanus"), [polio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio "Polio") ([DTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccine#Netherlands "DPT vaccine")), and [mumps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps "Mumps"), [measles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles "Measles") and [rubella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella "Rubella") ([MMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine "MMR vaccine")) The main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005 [International Health Regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Health_Regulations "International Health Regulations"), in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-canada-16) Below this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] The form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13) ### Additional sections \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Additional sections")\] The form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-2007book-17) #### Notes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Notes")\] The notes section includes information about [yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever"), since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Information for travellers \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Information for travellers")\] The information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Protection against malaria \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Protection against malaria")\] [Malaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria "Malaria") is a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for [antimalarial medication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication "Antimalarial medication"), which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Information for physicians \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Information for physicians")\] The ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting [contraindications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraindication "Contraindication") in cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) ## Additional information \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Additional information")\] ### Yellow fever \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Yellow fever")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg/500px-Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg) [Vaccination against yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine "Yellow fever vaccine") 10 days before entering this country/territory is required for travellers coming from...[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-WHO_country_list-18) All countries Risk countries (including airport transfers)[\[note 1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-transit_explanation-19) Risk countries (excluding airport transfers)[\[note 2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-no_transit-20) No requirement (risk country)[\[note 3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ArBrPe-21) No requirement (non-risk country) Further information: [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel "Vaccination requirements for international travel") Yellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellowfever-22) Exceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellow_fever_by_country-23) The ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-whoupdate-24) ### Exceptions \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Exceptions")\] In the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13) ### Digital versions \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Digital versions")\] Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-tech-25)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria-26) As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria_ministry-27)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-osac-28)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-berry-29) As of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock. [\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-MSP-30) ### COVID-19 vaccination \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: COVID-19 vaccination")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg) An International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a [COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") in 2021. Further information: [Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation § Digital vaccination certificates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_certificates "Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") Similar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19").\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Multiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) Agencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as [World Economic Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum "World Economic Forum") and the [Commons Project Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons_Project_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commons Project Foundation (page does not exist)"), technology companies such as [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM"), travel companies such as [VeriFly](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VeriFly&action=edit&redlink=1 "VeriFly (page does not exist)"), and the [International Air Transport Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association "International Air Transport Association").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) As of March 2021[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit), standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) On 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International "Ecma International") announced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a "Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization".[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-32) With [COVID-19 vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") showing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby [IATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IATA "IATA") and the [World Economic Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum "World Economic Forum") have announced pilots.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-33) IATA's solution, "Travel Pass", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing [TIMATIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIMATIC "TIMATIC") system.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-34) Israel employed a digital "green pass" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-35) It has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the [Knesset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset "Knesset") passed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-36) Work has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-37) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: See also")\] - [Electronic identification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_identification "Electronic identification") - [Medical record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_record "Medical record") (contains [vaccination records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_record "Vaccination record")) - [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel "Vaccination requirements for international travel") - [IATA Travel Pass app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel#COVID-19 "Vaccination requirements for international travel") ## Notes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: Notes")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-transit_explanation_19-0) Also required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-no_transit_20-0) Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ArBrPe_21-0) The WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever. ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: References")\] 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-2) Rice, Evan S. (2017). [The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler](https://books.google.com/books?id=35QnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT256). New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780316271356](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316271356 "Special:BookSources/9780316271356") . Retrieved 29 November 2020. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Phelan_2-0)* Phelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020). ["COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198144). The Lancet. 395 (10237): 1595–1598\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/S0140-6736(20)31034-5](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2931034-5). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [7198144](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198144). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [32380041](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32380041). 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Whiteman_3-0) Whiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968). [Digest of International Law. Volume 9](https://books.google.com/books?id=BEg6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1202). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-4) [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945](https://books.google.com/books?id=EozR3m_ULhUC&pg=PA25). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-5) [International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying Convention of June 21, 1926: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention of June 21, 1926, which was Signed for the United States of America at Washington on January 5, 1945](https://books.google.com/books?id=07A65AFNUlcC&pg=PA23). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 23. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-6) ["Constitution of the World Health Organization"](https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1) (PDF). World Health Organization. 22 July 1946. Retrieved 23 December 2020. 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ISR_1951_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ISR_1951_7-1) ["WHO regulations no. 2: International Sanitary Regulations"](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/101391/WHA4_60_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF). World Health Assembly, 4. World Health Organization. 25 May 1951. Retrieved 23 December 2020. 8. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Flight_Manual_8-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Flight_Manual_8-1) [International Flight Information Manual. Volume 9](https://books.google.com/books?id=9SUkY-ZSw8QC&pg=PA8). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Agency. 1960. p. 8. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-9)* [Treaties and Other International Acts Series](https://books.google.com/books?id=x98tFUl0HNQC&pg=RA13-PA1). United States Department of State. 1960. pp. 1–5. Retrieved 23 December 2020. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-IHR_1969_10-4) ["International Health Regulations (1969). Third Annotated Edition 1983"](https://www.who.int/csr/ihr/ihr1969.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. 1995. Retrieved 23 December 2020. 11. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-CDC_1994_11-3) [Health Information for International Travel](https://books.google.com/books?id=lraGA8loLSIC&pg=PA10). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control. 1994. pp. 10–12. Retrieved 23 December 2020. 12. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Fenner_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Fenner_12-1) [Fenner, F.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Fenner "Frank Fenner"); Henderson, D.A.; Arita, I.; Jezek, Z.; Ladnyi, I.D. (1988). "Chapter 7: Developments in vaccination and control between 1900 and 1966". [Smallpox and its eradication](https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/who/red-book/Chp%2007.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. p. 312. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [92-4-156110-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-4-156110-6 "Special:BookSources/92-4-156110-6") . Retrieved 4 December 2020. 13. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-regswho_13-3) [International Health Regulations](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241580496) (3 ed.). World Health Organization. 2005. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-14)* ["International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130617201306/http://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp/en/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp/en/) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-icvp_15-5) ["International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis"](https://www.who.int/ihr/IVC200_06_26.pdf) (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-canada_16-0)* ["Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination"](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/yellow-fever/procedures/recommendations-completing-international-certificate-vaccination-prophylaxis-poliovirus-vaccination.html). Government of Canada. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-2007book_17-0) ["Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140707083427/http://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp_note/en/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp_note/en/) on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-WHO_country_list_18-0) ["Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)"](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\(july-2019\)). World Health Organisation. United Nations. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellowfever_22-0) ["Yellow Fever"](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever). World Health Organization. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellow_fever_by_country_23-0) ["Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination"](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\(july-2019\)). World Health Organization. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-whoupdate_24-0) ["New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160805171246/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20160727/en/). World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.who.int/ith/updates/20160727/en/) on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-tech_25-0) ["Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies"](https://www.afro.who.int/news/fighting-fake-immunization-travel-certificates-frontier-technologies). World Health Organization. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_26-0) Sowards, Will (23 August 2019). ["Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?"](https://www.passporthealthusa.com/2019/08/why-do-i-need-a-yellow-fever-card/). PassportHealth. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_ministry_27-0) ["FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210421213019/https://www.bh4a.com.ng/2019/06/28/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version/). "Better Health for All" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.bh4a.com.ng/2019/06/28/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version/) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-osac_28-0) ["Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210204092048/https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/globalsupport/files/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF). US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from [the original](https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/globalsupport/files/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF) on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-berry_29-0) ["E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201127104208/https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1/). B A L \\| Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1/) on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-MSP_30-0) ["Certificado de vacunación internacional"](https://www.salud.gob.ec/certificado-de-vacunacion-internacional-contra-la-fiebre-amarilla-se-emite-en-formato-digital/). MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2024. 28. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-2) Hamm, Catharine (15 March 2021). ["What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it"](https://www.latimes.com/travel/story/2021-03-15/covid-19-health-passports-vaccine-testing-impact-travel). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 March 2021. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-32)* Ecma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-33) ["Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination"](https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/digital-travel-pass-app-will-show-covid-test-results-vaccination). Executive Traveller. 24 November 2020. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-34) ["IATA Travel Pass Initiative"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210402062041/https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/travel-pass/). www.iata.org. Archived from [the original](https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/travel-pass/) on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-35) ["Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?"](https://apnews.com/article/israel-can-unvaccinated-return-to-work-dilemma-coronavrius-7e18cdee3a66018c36a6c61d5bc8a4c1). AP NEWS. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-36) ["Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket'"](https://www.politics.co.uk/comment/2021/04/21/israels-vaccine-passport-scheme-is-no-golden-ticket/). politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-37) ["Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization"](https://www.ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization/). ECMA International. 12 March 2021. 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg/250px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg) Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021. The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune or Yellow Card, is an official [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination "Vaccination") report created by the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) As a [travel document](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_document "Travel document"), it is a kind of medical [passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passport "Passport") that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) The ICVP is not an [immunity passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_passport "Immunity passport"); the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Phelan-2) Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been [vaccinated against COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine"). The ICVP's [nickname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickname "Nickname") Yellow Card or its [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language") equivalent Carte Jaune derives from the [yellow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow "Yellow") colour of the document. The fact that [yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever") is a commonly required vaccination for travel has contributed to the document's association with the colour yellow, even though the ICVP can cover a wide range of vaccinations and booster shots, not just yellow fever.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Rice-1) ### International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: International Sanitary Conventions (1933–1951)")\] [![Soviet International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg/250px-Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Revaccination_Against_Yellow_Fever.jpg) An International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination Against Yellow Fever, issued in the Soviet Union in 1985. The International Certificate of Inoculation and Vaccination was established by the [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\(1933\) "International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1933)") in [The Hague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague "The Hague"), which came into force on 1 August 1935 and was amended in 1944.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Whiteman-3) After [the 1944 amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_\(1944\) "International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944)"), in addition to Personal, Aircraft and Maritime Declarations of Health, the Convention covered five certificates:[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-5) 1. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Cholera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera "Cholera"). 2. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Yellow Fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever"). 3. International Certificate of Immunity Against Yellow Fever. 4. International Certificate of Inoculation Against [Typhus Fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus "Typhus"). 5. International Certificate of Vaccination Against [Smallpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox "Smallpox"). ### International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: International Sanitary Regulations (1951–1969)")\] The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) was formed by its constitution on 22 July 1946, effective on 7 April 1948. The WHO Constitution included stipulations to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases (Article 2.g) and that the [World Health Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly "World Health Assembly") would have authority to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine requirements and other procedures designed to prevent the international spread of disease (Article 21.a).[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-6) The Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the International Sanitary Regulations (alias WHO Regulations No. 2) on 25 May 1951, replacing and completing the earlier International Sanitary Conventions. It confirmed the validity and use of international certificates of vaccination (Article 115), and updated the old model with a new version (Appendices 2, 3, 4).[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7) The certificates mentioned were used for proof of vaccination against diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and smallpox; the term [inoculation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation "Inoculation") was no longer used.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ISR_1951-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) The old International Certificates of Inoculation and Vaccination remained valid until they expired, after which they were replaced by the new ICV.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Flight_Manual-8) On 23 May 1956, the Ninth World Health Assembly amended the form of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Smallpox per 1 October 1956.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-9) ### International Health Regulations (1969–present) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: International Health Regulations (1969–present)")\] The WHO's [World Health Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly "World Health Assembly") adopted the [International Health Regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Health_Regulations "International Health Regulations") (IHR) in 1969, succeeding the previous International Sanitary Conventions/Regulations.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) IHR Article 79 introduced a model International Certificate of Vaccination, and Appendix 2 and Annex VI stipulated a number of conditions that had to be fulfilled in order for it to be considered valid, such as being printed and filled out in English and French (a third language, relevant to the territory in which it is issued, could be added).[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The 1969 IHR focused on four diseases: cholera, [plague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_\(disease\) "Plague (disease)"), smallpox, and yellow fever; however, Article 51 specified that vaccination against plague would not be required as a condition of admission of any person to a territory.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10) The World Health Assembly determined in 1973 that [vaccination against cholera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_vaccine "Cholera vaccine") was unable to prevent the introduction of cholera from one country to another,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) and removed this requirement from the 1973 revision of the IHR;[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) it was also removed from the ICV.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) The ICV was most successful in the case of smallpox. The mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the [rapid expansion of air travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-war_aviation "Post-war aviation") in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) After smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, the International Certificate of Vaccination against Smallpox was cancelled in 1981, and the new 1983 form lacked any provision for smallpox vaccination.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-IHR_1969-10)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-Fenner-12) Thus, only yellow fever remained as vaccination requirement for international travel for which the ICV was used.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] By 1994, [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") legally required pilgrims going to [Mecca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca "Mecca") for the annual [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj "Hajj") to [vaccinate against](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine "Meningococcal vaccine") [meningococcal meningitis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_disease "Meningococcal disease"), while the [Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control "Centers for Disease Control") also advised [Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") travelling to the [African meningitis belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_meningitis_belt "African meningitis belt") or [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya"), [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") and [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi "Burundi") to take the vaccine, especially when visiting during the [dry season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_season "Dry season") (November–April).[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-CDC_1994-11) The [2002–2004 SARS outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak "2002–2004 SARS outbreak") was the driving force behind the 23 May 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations, which entered into force on 15 June 2007.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13): 1 On that day, the model International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis contained in Annex 6 of the International Health Regulations (as amended in 2005) replaced the International Certificate of Vaccination or Revaccination against Yellow Fever contained in appendix 2 of the International Health Regulations (1969).[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-14) ### Required components \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Required components")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_%28Netherlands%29_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis_\(Netherlands\)_-_proof_of_vaccination_against_DTP_and_MMR.jpg) An ICVP issued in the Netherlands, recording proof of vaccination against [diphtheria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria "Diphtheria"), [tetanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus "Tetanus"), [polio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio "Polio") ([DTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccine#Netherlands "DPT vaccine")), and [mumps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps "Mumps"), [measles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles "Measles") and [rubella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella "Rubella") ([MMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine "MMR vaccine")) The main portion of the ICVP is a form for physicians to fill out when administering a vaccine. This section is mandated by the WHO's 2005 [International Health Regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Health_Regulations "International Health Regulations"), in which they provide a model of the document. It includes places for the traveller's name, date of birth, sex, nationality, national identification document, and signature. Below that is a row for each vaccine administered, in which the physician must include the prophylaxis or vaccine administered, date, signature, manufacturer and batch number, dates valid, and an official stamp from the administering centre.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-canada-16) Below this, the document outlines requirements for validity. The ICVP is only valid for vaccines approved by the WHO.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] The form must be fully completed in English or French by a medical practitioner or authorized health worker and must include the official stamp of the administering centre. The certificate is valid for as long as the vaccines included are valid.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13) ### Additional sections \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Additional sections")\] The form may include additional information. In 2007, the WHO prepared a booklet that included the following additional sections.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-2007book-17) The notes section includes information about [yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever "Yellow fever"), since it is the only disease included in the International Health Regulations. It also specifies that the same certificate can be used if any future regulations require vaccination for another disease.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Information for travellers \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Information for travellers")\] The information for travellers section recommends that travellers consult their physicians to determine appropriate vaccinations before international travel and inform their physician of international travel if they fall ill after their trip.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Protection against malaria \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Protection against malaria")\] [Malaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria "Malaria") is a serious disease with no vaccine available. The ICVP recommends that travellers protect against mosquitos through mosquito nets or repellent, as mosquitos can transmit malaria. Travellers can also consult their physician for [antimalarial medication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication "Antimalarial medication"), which must be taken regularly for the full duration of the prescription.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) #### Information for physicians \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Information for physicians")\] The ICVP gives instructions for filling out the certificate. It also gives physicians guidelines for documenting [contraindications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraindication "Contraindication") in cases where a traveller has a medical reason that prevents them from getting a particular vaccine. This section also reminds physicians to consider travel-associated illnesses when treating a patient who has fallen ill after traveling.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-icvp-15) ## Additional information \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Additional information")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg/500px-Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_fever_vaccination_travel_requirements_map.svg) [Vaccination against yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine "Yellow fever vaccine") 10 days before entering this country/territory is required for travellers coming from...[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-WHO_country_list-18) All countries Risk countries (including airport transfers)[\[note 1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-transit_explanation-19) Risk countries (excluding airport transfers)[\[note 2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-no_transit-20) No requirement (risk country)[\[note 3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-ArBrPe-21) No requirement (non-risk country) Yellow fever is the most common vaccine required for international travel. Many countries require the vaccine for all travellers or only for travellers coming from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellowfever-22) Exceptions are typically made for newborns until 9 months or one year of age, depending on the country.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-yellow_fever_by_country-23) The ICVP form is valid for yellow fever starting 10 days after vaccination. As of 2016, the vaccine is valid for the life of the traveller. No changes need to be made for those who received their vaccine or ICVP prior to 2016.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-whoupdate-24) In the event that a traveller cannot be vaccinated for a particular disease for medical reasons, their physician can provide them with documentation indicating their condition. They may be subject to additional requirements, such as isolation, quarantine, or observation. A traveller who refuses a vaccine or prophylaxis that is required may be subject to similar requirements or denied entry. In some cases, equivalent military-issued forms are accepted in place of the ICVP, provided the forms include the same information.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-regswho-13) Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, are developing digital certificates that can authenticate an ICVP.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-tech-25)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria-26) As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who haven't been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-nigeria_ministry-27)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-osac-28)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-berry-29) As of September 2023, Ecuador started handing out digital certificates too and is no longer going to issue yellow booklets after they are out of stock. [\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-MSP-30) ### COVID-19 vaccination \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: COVID-19 vaccination")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg/250px-International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_for_COVID-19_Vaccine_from_the_Philippines.jpg) An International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines after being vaccinated with a [COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") in 2021. Similar schemes have been proposed for travellers who have been vaccinated against [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19").\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Multiple agencies and countries were creating different forms of documentation for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) Agencies attempting this include non-profit organisations such as [World Economic Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum "World Economic Forum") and the [Commons Project Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons_Project_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commons Project Foundation (page does not exist)"), technology companies such as [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM"), travel companies such as [VeriFly](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VeriFly&action=edit&redlink=1 "VeriFly (page does not exist)"), and the [International Air Transport Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association "International Air Transport Association").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) As of March 2021, standards for digital documentation, such as an app on a smartphone, had not been established.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-:0-31) On 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International "Ecma International") announced its intention to create international standards which guard against counterfeiting and protects private data as much as possible in a "Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization".[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-32) With [COVID-19 vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") showing promising results, several industry organizations including global airline lobby [IATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IATA "IATA") and the [World Economic Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum "World Economic Forum") have announced pilots.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-33) IATA's solution, "Travel Pass", is a mobile app that can display test results, proof of inoculation and will be integrated with the existing [TIMATIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIMATIC "TIMATIC") system.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-34) Israel employed a digital "green pass" to allow individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 to dine out, attend concerts, and travel to other nations.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-35) It has been the subject of several privacy and data security concerns. Shortly after the scheme was rolled out, the [Knesset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset "Knesset") passed a law allowing local authorities to compile data on citizens who have refused to get vaccinated.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-36) Work has been started to established and standardize at Ecma International, allow for an open interoperability ecosystem so that multiple COVID-19 immunity verification systems can work together and effectively across borders.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_note-37) - [Electronic identification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_identification "Electronic identification") - [Medical record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_record "Medical record") (contains [vaccination records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_record "Vaccination record")) - [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel "Vaccination requirements for international travel") - [IATA Travel Pass app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel#COVID-19 "Vaccination requirements for international travel") 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-transit_explanation_19-0) Also required for travellers having spent more than 12 hours in transit in an at risk country's airport. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-no_transit_20-0) Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-ArBrPe_21-0) The WHO has designated parts of Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever. 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Rice_1-2) Rice, Evan S. (2017). [The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler](https://books.google.com/books?id=35QnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT256). New York: Hachette Book Group. p. 256. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780316271356](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316271356 "Special:BookSources/9780316271356") . Retrieved 29 November 2020. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Phelan_2-0)* Phelan, Alexandra L (4 May 2020). ["COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198144). The Lancet. 395 (10237): 1595–1598\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/S0140-6736(20)31034-5](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2931034-5). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [7198144](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198144). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [32380041](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32380041). 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-Whiteman_3-0) Whiteman, Marjorie Millace (1968). [Digest of International Law. Volume 9](https://books.google.com/books?id=BEg6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1202). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. p. 1202. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-4) [International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, of 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Certified Copy of the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, 1944, Modifying the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation of April 12, 1933, which was Signed for the United States of America, at Washington on January 5, 1945](https://books.google.com/books?id=EozR3m_ULhUC&pg=PA25). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. p. 25. Retrieved 4 December 2020. 5. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-canada_16-0)* ["Recommendations for Completing the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Poliovirus Vaccination"](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/yellow-fever/procedures/recommendations-completing-international-certificate-vaccination-prophylaxis-poliovirus-vaccination.html). Government of Canada. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-2007book_17-0) ["Note concerning the new WHO booklet which includes the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140707083427/http://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp_note/en/). World Health Organization. Archived from [the original](https://www.who.int/ihr/ports_airports/icvp_note/en/) on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-WHO_country_list_18-0) ["Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)"](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\(july-2019\)). World Health Organisation. United Nations. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellowfever_22-0) ["Yellow Fever"](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever). World Health Organization. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-yellow_fever_by_country_23-0) ["Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination"](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-\(july-2019\)). World Health Organization. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-whoupdate_24-0) ["New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160805171246/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20160727/en/). World Health Organization. 27 July 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.who.int/ith/updates/20160727/en/) on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-tech_25-0) ["Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies"](https://www.afro.who.int/news/fighting-fake-immunization-travel-certificates-frontier-technologies). World Health Organization. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_26-0) Sowards, Will (23 August 2019). ["Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card?"](https://www.passporthealthusa.com/2019/08/why-do-i-need-a-yellow-fever-card/). PassportHealth. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-nigeria_ministry_27-0) ["FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210421213019/https://www.bh4a.com.ng/2019/06/28/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version/). "Better Health for All" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. 28 June 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.bh4a.com.ng/2019/06/28/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version/) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-osac_28-0) ["Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210204092048/https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/globalsupport/files/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF). US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council. 11 July 2019. Archived from [the original](https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/globalsupport/files/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf) (PDF) on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-berry_29-0) ["E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201127104208/https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1/). B A L \\| Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. 23 April 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1/) on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-MSP_30-0) ["Certificado de vacunación internacional"](https://www.salud.gob.ec/certificado-de-vacunacion-internacional-contra-la-fiebre-amarilla-se-emite-en-formato-digital/). MSP Ecuador. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2024. 28. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-:0_31-2) Hamm, Catharine (15 March 2021). ["What travelers need to know now about testing and vaccine records. Paper won't cut it"](https://www.latimes.com/travel/story/2021-03-15/covid-19-health-passports-vaccine-testing-impact-travel). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 March 2021. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-32)* Ecma-International, standards development organization based in Geneva announced Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-33) ["Airline 'travel pass' app will show COVID test results, vaccination"](https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/digital-travel-pass-app-will-show-covid-test-results-vaccination). Executive Traveller. 24 November 2020. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-34) ["IATA Travel Pass Initiative"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210402062041/https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/travel-pass/). www.iata.org. Archived from [the original](https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/travel-pass/) on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-35) ["Israel's dilemma: Can the unvaccinated return to workplaces?"](https://apnews.com/article/israel-can-unvaccinated-return-to-work-dilemma-coronavrius-7e18cdee3a66018c36a6c61d5bc8a4c1). AP NEWS. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-36) ["Israel's vaccine passport scheme 'is no golden ticket'"](https://www.politics.co.uk/comment/2021/04/21/israels-vaccine-passport-scheme-is-no-golden-ticket/). politics.co.uk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis#cite_ref-37) ["Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization"](https://www.ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization/). ECMA International. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022. - [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (WHO model)](http://www.who.int/ihr/IVC200_06_26.pdf) – World Health Organization (WHO)
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