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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa015)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk","crawl_time":1773928006,"first_indexed_time":1376005226,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Hypnic jerk - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nHypnic jerk\nOther names\nMyoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start\nSpecialty\nSleep medicine\nCauses\nUnknown\nRisk factors\nIrregular sleep schedule,\nanxiety\n, excessive\nstimulant\nconsumption,\nstress\n,\nsmoking\n,\nantidepressants\nDiagnostic method\nBased on symptoms\nTreatment\nMedication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming\nmagnesium\n.\nMedication\nClonazepam\nA\nhypnic jerk\n, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary\ncontraction of the muscles\nof the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called\nmyoclonus\n.\nPhysically, hypnic jerks resemble the \"jump\" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a\nfalling sensation\n.\n[\n1\n]\nHypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes \"a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void\n'\n\".\n[\n2\n]\nIt can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or\nhallucination\n.\n[\n3\n]\nA higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules.\n[\n4\n]\nWhen they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset\ninsomnia\n.\n[\n3\n]\nHypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena.\n[\n5\n]\nAround 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily.\n[\n6\n]\n[\n7\n]\nThey are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological\nsequelae\n, though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality.\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\nAccording to the\nAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine\n(AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including\nanxiety\n,\nstimulants\nlike\ncaffeine\nand\nnicotine\n,\nstress\n, and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by\nfatigue\nor\nsleep deprivation\n.\n[\n7\n]\nAdditionally,\nantidepressant\nusage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks.\n[\n9\n]\nHowever, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people.\n[\n10\n]\nNevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset.\n[\n6\n]\nSometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with\nrestless legs syndrome\n,\nperiodic limb movement disorder\n, hypnagogic foot tremor,\nrhythmic movement disorder\n, and\nhereditary or essential startle syndrome\n. But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it.\n[\n6\n]\nThis physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for\nmyoclonic seizure\n, but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites,\nurinary incontinence\n, or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions.\n[\n6\n]\nThe causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted.\n[\n11\n]\nOne\nhypothesis\nposits that the hypnic jerk is a form of\nreflex\n, initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in\nblood pressure\nand the relaxation of muscle tissue.\n[\n12\n]\nAnother theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves.\n[\n13\n]\nA researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be \"an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur\", but evidence is lacking.\n[\n2\n]\nDuring an\nepilepsy\nand\nintensive care\nstudy, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.\n[\n14\n]\nAccording to a study on sleep disturbances in the\nJournal of Neural Transmission\n, a hypnic jerk occurs during the\nnon-rapid eye movement sleep\ncycle and is an \"abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling\".\n[\n15\n]\nHypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old.\n[\n15\n]\nThere are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient\nmagnesium\n.\n[\n9\n]\n[\n16\n]\nSome medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose\nclonazepam\nat bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time.\n[\n6\n]\nWhile antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks.\n[\n17\n]\nIn addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a\npositive feedback loop\n.\n[\n18\n]\nExploding head syndrome\n – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep\nFasciculation\n – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch\nHypnagogia\n – State of consciousness leading into sleep\nMyoclonus\n – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch\nPeriodic limb movement disorder\n – Sleep disorder\nRapid eye movement sleep\n – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements\nSleep paralysis\n – Sleeping disorder\n^\n\"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep\"\n(PDF)\n.\nNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke\n.\nNational Institutes of Health\n. 2006. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 2019-07-03\n. Retrieved\n2019-07-03\n.\nMany also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the \"jump\" we make when startled.\n^\na\nb\nFriedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21).\n\"Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep\"\n.\nBusiness Insider\n. Retrieved\n2016-07-17\n.\n^\na\nb\nOswald, Ian\n(1959-03-01). \"Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep\".\nBrain\n.\n82\n(1):\n92–\n103.\ndoi\n:\n10.1093\/brain\/82.1.92\n.\nISSN\n \n0006-8950\n.\nPMID\n \n13651496\n.\n^\n\"Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep\"\n.\nSleep Syllabus\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 2011-07-18\n. Retrieved\n2019-07-03\n.\nThese muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules.\n^\nSander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998).\n\"Sensory sleep starts\"\n.\nJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry\n.\n64\n(5): 690.\ndoi\n:\n10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.690\n.\nPMC\n \n2170079\n.\nPMID\n \n9598699\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nChokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). \"Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis\".\nJournal of Clinical Neurophysiology\n.\n30\n(4):\n403–\n410.\ndoi\n:\n10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31829dde98\n.\nPMID\n \n23912581\n.\nS2CID\n \n38840788\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nVetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). \"Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders\".\nSleep Medicine\n.\n12\n:\nS11–\nS16.\ndoi\n:\n10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.10.005\n.\nPMID\n \n22136891\n.\n^\nMah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25).\n\"0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks\"\n.\nSleep\n.\n45\n(Supplement_1):\nA350–\nA350.\ndoi\n:\n10.1093\/sleep\/zsac079.803\n.\nISSN\n \n0161-8105\n.\n^\na\nb\nSathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015).\n\"Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram\"\n.\nJournal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice\n.\n6\n(3):\n423–\n424.\ndoi\n:\n10.4103\/0976-3147.158797\n.\nPMC\n \n4481805\n.\nPMID\n \n26167034\n.\n^\nWhitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01).\n\"Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks\"\n.\nCurrent Sleep Medicine Reports\n.\n4\n(1):\n19–\n27.\ndoi\n:\n10.1007\/s40675-018-0104-9\n.\nISSN\n \n2198-6401\n.\n...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology.\n^\n\"Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019\"\n.\nSleep Advisor\n. Retrieved\n27 June\n2019\n.\n^\nCastro, Joseph (21 November 2017).\n\"Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?\"\n.\nLiveScience\n.\n^\n\"Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks\"\n.\nHack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep\n. 26 March 2019\n. Retrieved\n1 July\n2019\n.\n^\nBruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009).\nEpilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice\n. Demos Medical Publishing.\nISBN\n \n978-1-935281-59-7\n.\n^\na\nb\nAskenasy, J. J. M. (2003). \"Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism\".\nJournal of Neural Transmission\n.\n110\n(2). Springer-Verlag:\n125–\n50.\ndoi\n:\n10.1007\/s007020300001\n.\nPMID\n \n12589574\n.\nS2CID\n \n9147326\n.\n^\nShebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015).\n\"Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report\"\n.\nThe Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders\n.\n17\n(2) 10.4088\/PCC.14l01724.\ndoi\n:\n10.4088\/PCC.14l01724\n.\nPMC\n \n4560178\n.\nPMID\n \n26445681\n.\n^\nKumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07).\n\"SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series\"\n.\nIndian Journal of Psychiatry\n.\n65\n(7):\n785–\n788.\ndoi\n:\n10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23\n.\nISSN\n \n0019-5545\n.\nPMC\n \n10461585\n.\nPMID\n \n37645359\n.\n^\nGreen, Ethan (April 16, 2013).\n\"Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt\"\n.\nNo Sleepless Nights\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 1 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2019\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hypnic+jerk \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hypnic+jerk \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hypnic+jerk \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hypnic+jerk \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk)\n- [1 Causes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#Causes)\n- [2 Treatment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#Treatment)\n- [3 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#See_also)\n- [4 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#References)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Hypnic jerk\n21 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85 \"اهتزازات بداية النوم – Arabic\")\n- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0 \"Гіпнічная спазма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95 \"হিপনিক জার্ক – Bangla\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%B8vnryk \"Søvnryk – Danish\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Einschlafzuckungen \"Einschlafzuckungen – German\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82 \"Υπναγωγικός σπασμός – Greek\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espasmo_miocl%C3%B3nico \"Espasmo mioclónico – Spanish\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8 \"حس سقوط در خواب – Persian\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secousse_hypnique \"Secousse hypnique – French\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA \"קפיצת הירדמות – Hebrew\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spasmo_ipnico \"Spasmo ipnico – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0 \"ジャーキング – Japanese\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EA%B2%BD%EB%A0%A8 \"수면 경련 – Korean\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnagoge_schok \"Hypnagoge schok – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%B8vnrykk \"Søvnrykk – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mioclonia_noturna \"Mioclonia noturna – Portuguese\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk \"Hypnic jerk – Simple English\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98 \"Хипнични трзај – Serbian\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D \"உறங்குநிலையில் திடுக்கம் – Tamil\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA \"Гіпнагогічний ривок – Ukrainian\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%A5%E7%9D%A1%E6%8A%BD%E5%8B%95 \"入睡抽動 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1308944#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Hypnic_jerk \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Hypnic_jerk \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Hypnic_jerk \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload 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\"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1308944 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nInvoluntary twitching while falling asleep\n\nMedical condition\n\n| Hypnic jerk |   |\n|---|---|\n| Other names | Myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start |\n| [Specialty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_specialty \"Medical specialty\") | [Sleep medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_medicine \"Sleep medicine\") |\n| [Causes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cause_\\(medicine\\) \"Cause (medicine)\") | Unknown |\n| [Risk factors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Risk_factor \"Risk factor\") | Irregular sleep schedule, [anxiety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety \"Anxiety\"), excessive [stimulant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stimulant \"Stimulant\") consumption, [stress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_stress \"Psychological stress\"), [smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking \"Smoking\"), [antidepressants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidepressant \"Antidepressant\") |\n| [Diagnostic method](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_diagnosis \"Medical diagnosis\") | Based on symptoms |\n| Treatment | Medication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming [magnesium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnesium \"Magnesium\"). |\n| [Medication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medication \"Medication\") | [Clonazepam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clonazepam \"Clonazepam\") |\n\nA **hypnic jerk**, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary [contraction of the muscles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscle_contraction \"Muscle contraction\") of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called [myoclonus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\").\n\nPhysically, hypnic jerks resemble the \"jump\" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a [falling sensation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falling_\\(sensation\\) \"Falling (sensation)\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-bbasics-1) Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes \"a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void'\".[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or [hallucination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hallucination \"Hallucination\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-SSyllabus-4) When they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset [insomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insomnia \"Insomnia\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3)\n\nHypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sander-5) Around 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) They are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological [sequelae](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sequelae \"Sequelae\"), though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-8)\n\n## Causes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Causes\")\\]\n\nAccording to the [American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine \"American Academy of Sleep Medicine\") (AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including [anxiety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety \"Anxiety\"), [stimulants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stimulant \"Stimulant\") like [caffeine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caffeine \"Caffeine\") and [nicotine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicotine \"Nicotine\"), [stress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_stress \"Psychological stress\"), and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by [fatigue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatigue \"Fatigue\") or [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_deprivation \"Sleep deprivation\").[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) Additionally, [antidepressant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidepressant \"Antidepressant\") usage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9) However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-10) Nevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nSometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restless_leg_syndrome \"Restless leg syndrome\"), [periodic limb movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder \"Periodic limb movement disorder\"), hypnagogic foot tremor, [rhythmic movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhythmic_movement_disorder \"Rhythmic movement disorder\"), and [hereditary or essential startle syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperekplexia \"Hyperekplexia\"). But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nThis physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for [myoclonic seizure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\"), but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites, [urinary incontinence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urinary_incontinence \"Urinary incontinence\"), or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nThe causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-11) One [hypothesis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypothesis \"Hypothesis\") posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reflex \"Reflex\"), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in [blood pressure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_pressure \"Blood pressure\") and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-12) Another theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks-13) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be \"an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur\", but evidence is lacking.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2)\n\nDuring an [epilepsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epilepsy \"Epilepsy\") and [intensive care](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intensive_care_medicine \"Intensive care medicine\") study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Fisch2009-14)\n\nAccording to a study on sleep disturbances in the *[Journal of Neural Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journal_of_Neural_Transmission \"Journal of Neural Transmission\")*, a hypnic jerk occurs during the [non-rapid eye movement sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Non-rapid eye movement sleep\") cycle and is an \"abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling\".[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15)\n\n## Treatment\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Treatment\")\\]\n\nThere are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient [magnesium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnesium \"Magnesium\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Shady-16)\n\nSome medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose [clonazepam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clonazepam \"Clonazepam\") at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) While antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-17)\n\nIn addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a [positive feedback loop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Positive_feedback_loop \"Positive feedback loop\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt-18)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [Exploding head syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exploding_head_syndrome \"Exploding head syndrome\") – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep\n- [Fasciculation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fasciculation \"Fasciculation\") – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch\n- [Hypnagogia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnagogia \"Hypnagogia\") – State of consciousness leading into sleep\n- [Myoclonus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\") – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch\n- [Periodic limb movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder \"Periodic limb movement disorder\") – Sleep disorder\n- [Rapid eye movement sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Rapid eye movement sleep\") – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements\n- [Sleep paralysis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_paralysis \"Sleep paralysis\") – Sleeping disorder\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-bbasics_1-0)**\n   [\"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190703160419\/https:\/\/education.ninds.nih.gov\/brochures\/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF). *[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke \"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke\")*. [National Institutes of Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institutes_of_Health \"National Institutes of Health\"). 2006. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/education.ninds.nih.gov\/brochures\/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-07-03. \"Many also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the \"jump\" we make when startled.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-1)\n   Friedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21). [\"Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep\"](http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk-2014-5). *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")*. Retrieved 2016-07-17.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-1)\n   [Oswald, Ian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ian_Oswald \"Ian Oswald\") (1959-03-01). \"Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep\". *[Brain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brain_\\(journal\\) \"Brain (journal)\")*. **82** (1): 92–103\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/brain\/82.1.92](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbrain%2F82.1.92). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0006-8950](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0006-8950). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [13651496](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/13651496).\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-SSyllabus_4-0)**\n   [\"Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110718165045\/http:\/\/www.sleephomepages.org\/sleepsyllabus\/fr-d.html). *Sleep Syllabus*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.sleephomepages.org\/sleepsyllabus\/fr-d.html) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2019-07-03. \"These muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules.\"\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sander_5-0)**\n   Sander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998). [\"Sensory sleep starts\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2170079). *Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry*. **64** (5): 690. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1136\/jnnp.64.5.690](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fjnnp.64.5.690). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [2170079](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2170079). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [9598699](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9598699).\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-4)\n   Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). \"Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis\". *Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology*. **30** (4): 403–410\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1097\/WNP.0b013e31829dde98](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FWNP.0b013e31829dde98). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [23912581](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23912581). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [38840788](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:38840788).\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-2)\n   Vetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). \"Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders\". *Sleep Medicine*. **12**: S11–S16. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/j.sleep.2011.10.005](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.sleep.2011.10.005). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [22136891](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22136891).\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-8)**\n   Mah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25). [\"0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks\"](https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/45\/Supplement_1\/A350\/6592756). *Sleep*. **45** (Supplement\\_1): A350–A350. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/sleep\/zsac079.803](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fsleep%2Fzsac079.803). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0161-8105](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0161-8105).\n9. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-1)\n   Sathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015). [\"Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4481805). *Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice*. **6** (3): 423–424\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4103\/0976-3147.158797](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103%2F0976-3147.158797). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4481805](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4481805). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [26167034](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26167034).\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-10)**\n    Whitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01). [\"Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks\"](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40675-018-0104-9). *Current Sleep Medicine Reports*. **4** (1): 19–27\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s40675-018-0104-9](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs40675-018-0104-9). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [2198-6401](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2198-6401). \"...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology.\"\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019\"](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/hypnic-jerking\/). *Sleep Advisor*. Retrieved 27 June 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-12)**\n    Castro, Joseph (21 November 2017). [\"Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?\"](https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/39225-why-people-twitch-falling-asleep.html). *[LiveScience](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LiveScience \"LiveScience\")*.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks_13-0)**\n    [\"Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks\"](https:\/\/hacktosleep.com\/complete-guide-to-hypnic-jerks\/). *Hack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep*. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Fisch2009_14-0)**\n    Bruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009). [*Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=kIISvcXYQ94C). Demos Medical Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-935281-59-7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-935281-59-7 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-935281-59-7\")\n    \n    .\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-1)\n    Askenasy, J. J. M. (2003). \"Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism\". *Journal of Neural Transmission*. **110** (2). Springer-Verlag: 125–50\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s007020300001](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs007020300001). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [12589574](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12589574). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [9147326](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:9147326).\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Shady_16-0)**\n    Shebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015). [\"Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4560178). *The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders*. **17** (2) 10.4088\/PCC.14l01724. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4088\/PCC.14l01724](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088%2FPCC.14l01724). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4560178](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4560178). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [26445681](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26445681).\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-17)**\n    Kumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07). [\"SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series\"](https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). *Indian Journal of Psychiatry*. **65** (7): 785–788\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry\\_207\\_23](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103%2Findianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0019-5545](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0019-5545). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [10461585](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10461585). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [37645359](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37645359).\n    \n    `{{cite journal}}`: Check date values in: `|date=` ([help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date \"Help:CS1 errors\"))\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt_18-0)**\n    Green, Ethan (April 16, 2013). [\"Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190701053742\/https:\/\/www.nosleeplessnights.com\/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep\/). *No Sleepless Nights*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nosleeplessnights.com\/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep\/) on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| Classification | [D](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1308944 \"d:Q1308944\") **[SNOMED CT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SNOMED_CT \"SNOMED CT\")**: [443438009](https:\/\/browser.ihtsdotools.org\/?perspective=full&conceptId1=443438009&languages=en) |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Sleep \"Template:Sleep\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Sleep \"Template talk:Sleep\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Sleep \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Sleep\")[Sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep \"Sleep\") and [sleep disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_disorder \"Sleep disorder\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Stages of [sleep cycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_cycle \"Sleep cycle\") | [Rapid eye movement (REM)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Rapid eye movement sleep\") [Quiescent sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Non-rapid eye movement sleep\") [Slow-wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slow-wave_sleep \"Slow-wave sleep\") |\n| [Brain waves](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electroencephalography \"Electroencephalography\") | [Alpha wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_wave \"Alpha wave\") [Beta wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beta_wave \"Beta wave\") [Delta wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delta_wave \"Delta wave\") [Gamma wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamma_wave \"Gamma wave\") [K-complex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K-complex \"K-complex\") [Mu rhythm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mu_wave \"Mu wave\") [PGO waves](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PGO_waves \"PGO waves\") [Sensorimotor rhythm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sensorimotor_rhythm \"Sensorimotor rhythm\") [Sleep spindle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_spindle \"Sleep spindle\") [Theta wave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theta_wave \"Theta wave\") |\n| [Sleep disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_disorder \"Sleep disorder\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Anatomical](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology \"Oral and maxillofacial pathology\") | [Mouth breathing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mouth_breathing \"Mouth breathing\") [SRBD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep-related_breathing_disorder \"Sleep-related breathing disorder\") [Sleep apnea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_apnea \"Sleep apnea\") [Catathrenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catathrenia \"Catathrenia\") [Central hypoventilation syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_hypoventilation_syndrome \"Central hypoventilation syndrome\") [Obesity hypoventilation syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome \"Obesity hypoventilation syndrome\") [Obstructive sleep apnea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obstructive_sleep_apnea \"Obstructive sleep apnea\") [Periodic breathing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_breathing \"Periodic breathing\") [Snoring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snoring \"Snoring\") |\n| [Dyssomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dyssomnia \"Dyssomnia\") | [Excessive daytime sleepiness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Excessive_daytime_sleepiness \"Excessive daytime sleepiness\") [Hypersomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypersomnia \"Hypersomnia\") [Insomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insomnia \"Insomnia\") [Kleine–Levin syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin_syndrome \"Kleine–Levin syndrome\") [Narcolepsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narcolepsy \"Narcolepsy\") [Idiopathic hypersomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idiopathic_hypersomnia \"Idiopathic hypersomnia\") [Night eating syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_eating_syndrome \"Night eating syndrome\") [Nocturia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturia \"Nocturia\") [Non-restorative sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-restorative_sleep \"Non-restorative sleep\") [Sleep state misperception](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_state_misperception \"Sleep state misperception\") |\n| [Circadian rhythm disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder \"Circadian rhythm sleep disorder\") | [Advanced sleep phase disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder \"Advanced sleep phase disorder\") [Cyclic alternating pattern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclic_alternating_pattern \"Cyclic alternating pattern\") [Delayed sleep phase disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder \"Delayed sleep phase disorder\") [Irregular sleep–wake rhythm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm \"Irregular sleep–wake rhythm\") [Jet lag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jet_lag \"Jet lag\") [Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-24-hour_sleep%E2%80%93wake_disorder \"Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder\") [Shift work sleep disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shift_work_sleep_disorder \"Shift work sleep disorder\") |\n| [Parasomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parasomnia \"Parasomnia\") | [Bruxism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruxism \"Bruxism\") [Nightmare disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nightmare_disorder \"Nightmare disorder\") [Night terror](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_terror \"Night terror\") [Periodic limb movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder \"Periodic limb movement disorder\") [Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder \"Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder\") [Sleepwalking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleepwalking \"Sleepwalking\") [Sleep driving](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_driving \"Sleep driving\") [Sleep-talking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep-talking \"Sleep-talking\") |\n| Benign phenomena | [Dreams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dream \"Dream\") [Lucid dreams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucid_dream \"Lucid dream\") [Exploding head syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exploding_head_syndrome \"Exploding head syndrome\") [Hypnic jerk]() [Hypnagogia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnagogia \"Hypnagogia\") \/ [Sleep onset](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_onset \"Sleep onset\") [Hypnopompia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnopompia \"Hypnopompia\") [Sleep paralysis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_paralysis \"Sleep paralysis\") [Sleep inertia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_inertia \"Sleep inertia\") [Somnolence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somnolence \"Somnolence\") [Nocturnal clitoral tumescence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal_clitoral_tumescence \"Nocturnal clitoral tumescence\") [Nocturnal penile tumescence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal_penile_tumescence \"Nocturnal penile tumescence\") [Nocturnal emission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal_emission \"Nocturnal emission\") |\n| [Treatment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_medicine \"Sleep medicine\") | [Sleep diary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_diary \"Sleep diary\") [Sleep hygiene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_hygiene \"Sleep hygiene\") [Sleep induction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_induction \"Sleep induction\") [Hypnosis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnosis \"Hypnosis\") [Lullaby](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lullaby \"Lullaby\") [Somnology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somnology \"Somnology\") [Polysomnography](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polysomnography \"Polysomnography\") [Sleep surgery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_surgery \"Sleep surgery\") |\n| Other | [Sleep medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_medicine \"Sleep medicine\") [Behavioral sleep medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Behavioral_sleep_medicine \"Behavioral sleep medicine\") [Sleep study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_study \"Sleep study\") [Melatonin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melatonin \"Melatonin\") [Neuroscience of sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neuroscience_of_sleep \"Neuroscience of sleep\") |\n| Daily life | [Bed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bed \"Bed\") [Bunk bed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bunk_bed \"Bunk bed\") [Daybed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daybed \"Daybed\") [Four-poster bed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Four-poster_bed \"Four-poster bed\") [Futon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futon \"Futon\") [Hammock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hammock \"Hammock\") [Mattress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mattress \"Mattress\") [Sleeping bag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleeping_bag \"Sleeping bag\") [Bed bug](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bed_bug \"Bed bug\") [Bedding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedding \"Bedding\") [Bedroom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedroom \"Bedroom\") [Bedtime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedtime \"Bedtime\") [Procrastination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedtime_procrastination \"Bedtime procrastination\") [Story](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedtime_story \"Bedtime story\") [Biphasic and polyphasic sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biphasic_and_polyphasic_sleep \"Biphasic and polyphasic sleep\") [Chronotype](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronotype \"Chronotype\") [Circadian rhythm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circadian_rhythm \"Circadian rhythm\") [Comfort object](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comfort_object \"Comfort object\") [Dream diary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dream_diary \"Dream diary\") [Microarousal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microarousal \"Microarousal\") [Microsleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsleep \"Microsleep\") [Nap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nap \"Nap\") [Nightwear](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nightwear \"Nightwear\") [Power nap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Power_nap \"Power nap\") [Second wind](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_wind_\\(sleep\\) \"Second wind (sleep)\") [Siesta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siesta \"Siesta\") [Sleep and breathing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_and_breathing \"Sleep and breathing\") [Sleep and creativity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_and_creativity \"Sleep and creativity\") [Sleep and learning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_and_learning \"Sleep and learning\") [Sleep and memory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_and_memory \"Sleep and memory\") [Sleep deprivation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_deprivation \"Sleep deprivation\") \/ [Sleep debt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_debt \"Sleep debt\") [Sleeping while on duty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleeping_while_on_duty \"Sleeping while on duty\") [Sleepover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleepover \"Sleepover\") |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&oldid=1341386298>\"\n\n[Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Sleep disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Sleep_disorders \"Category:Sleep disorders\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [CS1 errors: dates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_errors:_dates \"Category:CS1 errors: dates\")\n- [Articles with short 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nHypnic jerk\n\n21 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n| Hypnic jerk |   |\n|---|---|\n| Other names | Myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start |\n| [Specialty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_specialty \"Medical specialty\") | [Sleep medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_medicine \"Sleep medicine\") |\n| [Causes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cause_\\(medicine\\) \"Cause (medicine)\") | Unknown |\n| [Risk factors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Risk_factor \"Risk factor\") | Irregular sleep schedule, [anxiety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety \"Anxiety\"), excessive [stimulant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stimulant \"Stimulant\") consumption, [stress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_stress \"Psychological stress\"), [smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking \"Smoking\"), [antidepressants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidepressant \"Antidepressant\") |\n| [Diagnostic method](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_diagnosis \"Medical diagnosis\") | Based on symptoms |\n| Treatment | Medication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming [magnesium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnesium \"Magnesium\"). |\n| [Medication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medication \"Medication\") | [Clonazepam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clonazepam \"Clonazepam\") |\n\nA **hypnic jerk**, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary [contraction of the muscles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscle_contraction \"Muscle contraction\") of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called [myoclonus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\").\n\nPhysically, hypnic jerks resemble the \"jump\" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a [falling sensation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falling_\\(sensation\\) \"Falling (sensation)\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-bbasics-1) Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes \"a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void'\".[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or [hallucination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hallucination \"Hallucination\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-SSyllabus-4) When they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset [insomnia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insomnia \"Insomnia\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3)\n\nHypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sander-5) Around 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) They are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological [sequelae](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sequelae \"Sequelae\"), though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-8)\n\nAccording to the [American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine \"American Academy of Sleep Medicine\") (AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including [anxiety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety \"Anxiety\"), [stimulants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stimulant \"Stimulant\") like [caffeine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caffeine \"Caffeine\") and [nicotine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicotine \"Nicotine\"), [stress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_stress \"Psychological stress\"), and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by [fatigue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatigue \"Fatigue\") or [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_deprivation \"Sleep deprivation\").[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) Additionally, [antidepressant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidepressant \"Antidepressant\") usage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9) However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-10) Nevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nSometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with [restless legs syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restless_leg_syndrome \"Restless leg syndrome\"), [periodic limb movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder \"Periodic limb movement disorder\"), hypnagogic foot tremor, [rhythmic movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhythmic_movement_disorder \"Rhythmic movement disorder\"), and [hereditary or essential startle syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperekplexia \"Hyperekplexia\"). But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nThis physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for [myoclonic seizure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\"), but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites, [urinary incontinence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urinary_incontinence \"Urinary incontinence\"), or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)\n\nThe causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-11) One [hypothesis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypothesis \"Hypothesis\") posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reflex \"Reflex\"), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in [blood pressure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_pressure \"Blood pressure\") and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-12) Another theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks-13) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be \"an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur\", but evidence is lacking.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2)\n\nDuring an [epilepsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epilepsy \"Epilepsy\") and [intensive care](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intensive_care_medicine \"Intensive care medicine\") study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Fisch2009-14)\n\nAccording to a study on sleep disturbances in the *[Journal of Neural Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journal_of_Neural_Transmission \"Journal of Neural Transmission\")*, a hypnic jerk occurs during the [non-rapid eye movement sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Non-rapid eye movement sleep\") cycle and is an \"abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling\".[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15)\n\nThere are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient [magnesium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnesium \"Magnesium\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Shady-16)\n\nSome medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose [clonazepam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clonazepam \"Clonazepam\") at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) While antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-17)\n\nIn addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a [positive feedback loop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Positive_feedback_loop \"Positive feedback loop\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt-18)\n\n- [Exploding head syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exploding_head_syndrome \"Exploding head syndrome\") – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep\n- [Fasciculation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fasciculation \"Fasciculation\") – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch\n- [Hypnagogia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnagogia \"Hypnagogia\") – State of consciousness leading into sleep\n- [Myoclonus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myoclonus \"Myoclonus\") – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch\n- [Periodic limb movement disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder \"Periodic limb movement disorder\") – Sleep disorder\n- [Rapid eye movement sleep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep \"Rapid eye movement sleep\") – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements\n- [Sleep paralysis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sleep_paralysis \"Sleep paralysis\") – Sleeping disorder\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-bbasics_1-0)**\n   [\"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190703160419\/https:\/\/education.ninds.nih.gov\/brochures\/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF). *[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke \"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke\")*. [National Institutes of Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institutes_of_Health \"National Institutes of Health\"). 2006. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/education.ninds.nih.gov\/brochures\/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-07-03. \"Many also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the \"jump\" we make when startled.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-1)\n   Friedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21). [\"Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep\"](http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk-2014-5). *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")*. Retrieved 2016-07-17.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-1)\n   [Oswald, Ian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ian_Oswald \"Ian Oswald\") (1959-03-01). \"Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep\". *[Brain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brain_\\(journal\\) \"Brain (journal)\")*. **82** (1): 92–103\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/brain\/82.1.92](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbrain%2F82.1.92). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0006-8950](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0006-8950). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [13651496](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/13651496).\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-SSyllabus_4-0)**\n   [\"Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110718165045\/http:\/\/www.sleephomepages.org\/sleepsyllabus\/fr-d.html). *Sleep Syllabus*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.sleephomepages.org\/sleepsyllabus\/fr-d.html) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2019-07-03. \"These muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules.\"\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sander_5-0)**\n   Sander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998). [\"Sensory sleep starts\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2170079). *Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry*. **64** (5): 690. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1136\/jnnp.64.5.690](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fjnnp.64.5.690). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [2170079](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2170079). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [9598699](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9598699).\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-4)\n   Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). \"Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis\". *Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology*. **30** (4): 403–410\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1097\/WNP.0b013e31829dde98](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FWNP.0b013e31829dde98). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [23912581](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23912581). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [38840788](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:38840788).\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-2)\n   Vetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). \"Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders\". *Sleep Medicine*. **12**: S11–S16. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/j.sleep.2011.10.005](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.sleep.2011.10.005). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [22136891](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22136891).\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-8)**\n   Mah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25). [\"0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks\"](https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/45\/Supplement_1\/A350\/6592756). *Sleep*. **45** (Supplement\\_1): A350–A350. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/sleep\/zsac079.803](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fsleep%2Fzsac079.803). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0161-8105](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0161-8105).\n9. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-1)\n   Sathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015). [\"Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4481805). *Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice*. **6** (3): 423–424\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4103\/0976-3147.158797](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103%2F0976-3147.158797). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4481805](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4481805). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [26167034](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26167034).\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-10)**\n    Whitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01). [\"Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks\"](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40675-018-0104-9). *Current Sleep Medicine Reports*. **4** (1): 19–27\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s40675-018-0104-9](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs40675-018-0104-9). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [2198-6401](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2198-6401). \"...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology.\"\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019\"](https:\/\/www.sleepadvisor.org\/hypnic-jerking\/). *Sleep Advisor*. Retrieved 27 June 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-12)**\n    Castro, Joseph (21 November 2017). [\"Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?\"](https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/39225-why-people-twitch-falling-asleep.html). *[LiveScience](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LiveScience \"LiveScience\")*.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks_13-0)**\n    [\"Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks\"](https:\/\/hacktosleep.com\/complete-guide-to-hypnic-jerks\/). *Hack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep*. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Fisch2009_14-0)**\n    Bruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009). [*Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=kIISvcXYQ94C). Demos Medical Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-935281-59-7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-935281-59-7 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-935281-59-7\")\n    \n    .\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-1)\n    Askenasy, J. J. M. (2003). \"Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism\". *Journal of Neural Transmission*. **110** (2). Springer-Verlag: 125–50\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s007020300001](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs007020300001). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [12589574](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12589574). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [9147326](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:9147326).\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Shady_16-0)**\n    Shebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015). [\"Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4560178). *The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders*. **17** (2) 10.4088\/PCC.14l01724. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4088\/PCC.14l01724](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088%2FPCC.14l01724). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4560178](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4560178). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [26445681](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26445681).\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-17)**\n    Kumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07). [\"SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series\"](https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). *Indian Journal of Psychiatry*. **65** (7): 785–788\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry\\_207\\_23](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103%2Findianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0019-5545](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0019-5545). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [10461585](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10461585). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [37645359](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37645359).\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt_18-0)**\n    Green, Ethan (April 16, 2013). [\"Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190701053742\/https:\/\/www.nosleeplessnights.com\/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep\/). *No Sleepless Nights*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nosleeplessnights.com\/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep\/) on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hypnic jerk Other names Myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start Specialty Sleep medicine Causes Unknown Risk factors Irregular sleep schedule, anxiety , excessive stimulant consumption, stress , smoking , antidepressants Diagnostic method Based on symptoms Treatment Medication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming magnesium . Medication Clonazepam A hypnic jerk , hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called myoclonus . Physically, hypnic jerks resemble the "jump" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a falling sensation . [ 1 ] Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes "a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void ' ". [ 2 ] It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or hallucination . [ 3 ] A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules. [ 4 ] When they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset insomnia . [ 3 ] Hypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena. [ 5 ] Around 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] They are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological sequelae , though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including anxiety , stimulants like caffeine and nicotine , stress , and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by fatigue or sleep deprivation . [ 7 ] Additionally, antidepressant usage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks. [ 9 ] However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people. [ 10 ] Nevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset. [ 6 ] Sometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with restless legs syndrome , periodic limb movement disorder , hypnagogic foot tremor, rhythmic movement disorder , and hereditary or essential startle syndrome . But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it. [ 6 ] This physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for myoclonic seizure , but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites, urinary incontinence , or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions. [ 6 ] The causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted. [ 11 ] One hypothesis posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of reflex , initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in blood pressure and the relaxation of muscle tissue. [ 12 ] Another theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves. [ 13 ] A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be "an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur", but evidence is lacking. [ 2 ] During an epilepsy and intensive care study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus. [ 14 ] According to a study on sleep disturbances in the Journal of Neural Transmission , a hypnic jerk occurs during the non-rapid eye movement sleep cycle and is an "abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling". [ 15 ] Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old. [ 15 ] There are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient magnesium . [ 9 ] [ 16 ] Some medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose clonazepam at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time. [ 6 ] While antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks. [ 17 ] In addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a positive feedback loop . [ 18 ] Exploding head syndrome – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep Fasciculation – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch Hypnagogia – State of consciousness leading into sleep Myoclonus – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch Periodic limb movement disorder – Sleep disorder Rapid eye movement sleep – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements Sleep paralysis – Sleeping disorder ^ "Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep" (PDF) . National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke . National Institutes of Health . 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-03 . Retrieved 2019-07-03 . Many also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the "jump" we make when startled. ^ a b Friedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21). "Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep" . Business Insider . Retrieved 2016-07-17 . ^ a b Oswald, Ian (1959-03-01). "Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep". Brain . 82 (1): 92– 103. doi : 10.1093/brain/82.1.92 . ISSN 0006-8950 . PMID 13651496 . ^ "Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep" . Sleep Syllabus . Archived from the original on 2011-07-18 . Retrieved 2019-07-03 . These muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules. ^ Sander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998). "Sensory sleep starts" . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . 64 (5): 690. doi : 10.1136/jnnp.64.5.690 . PMC 2170079 . PMID 9598699 . ^ a b c d e Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). "Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis". Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology . 30 (4): 403– 410. doi : 10.1097/WNP.0b013e31829dde98 . PMID 23912581 . S2CID 38840788 . ^ a b c Vetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). "Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders". Sleep Medicine . 12 : S11– S16. doi : 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.005 . PMID 22136891 . ^ Mah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25). "0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks" . Sleep . 45 (Supplement_1): A350– A350. doi : 10.1093/sleep/zsac079.803 . ISSN 0161-8105 . ^ a b Sathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015). "Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram" . Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice . 6 (3): 423– 424. doi : 10.4103/0976-3147.158797 . PMC 4481805 . PMID 26167034 . ^ Whitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01). "Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks" . Current Sleep Medicine Reports . 4 (1): 19– 27. doi : 10.1007/s40675-018-0104-9 . ISSN 2198-6401 . ...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology. ^ "Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019" . Sleep Advisor . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ Castro, Joseph (21 November 2017). "Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?" . LiveScience . ^ "Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks" . Hack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep . 26 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 July 2019 . ^ Bruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009). Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice . Demos Medical Publishing. ISBN 978-1-935281-59-7 . ^ a b Askenasy, J. J. M. (2003). "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism". Journal of Neural Transmission . 110 (2). Springer-Verlag: 125– 50. doi : 10.1007/s007020300001 . PMID 12589574 . S2CID 9147326 . ^ Shebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015). "Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report" . The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders . 17 (2) 10.4088/PCC.14l01724. doi : 10.4088/PCC.14l01724 . PMC 4560178 . PMID 26445681 . ^ Kumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07). "SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series" . Indian Journal of Psychiatry . 65 (7): 785– 788. doi : 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23 . ISSN 0019-5545 . PMC 10461585 . PMID 37645359 . ^ Green, Ethan (April 16, 2013). "Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt" . No Sleepless Nights . Archived from the original on 1 July 2019 . Retrieved 3 July 2019 .
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[Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1308944 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Involuntary twitching while falling asleep Medical condition \| Hypnic jerk \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Other names \| Myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start \| \| [Specialty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_specialty "Medical specialty") \| [Sleep medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_medicine "Sleep medicine") \| \| [Causes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_\(medicine\) "Cause (medicine)") \| Unknown \| \| [Risk factors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_factor "Risk factor") \| Irregular sleep schedule, [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), excessive [stimulant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant "Stimulant") consumption, [stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress "Psychological stress"), [smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking "Smoking"), [antidepressants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant "Antidepressant") \| \| [Diagnostic method](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis "Medical diagnosis") \| Based on symptoms \| \| Treatment \| Medication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming [magnesium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium "Magnesium"). \| \| [Medication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication "Medication") \| [Clonazepam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam "Clonazepam") \| A hypnic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary [contraction of the muscles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction "Muscle contraction") of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called [myoclonus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus"). Physically, hypnic jerks resemble the "jump" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a [falling sensation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_\(sensation\) "Falling (sensation)").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-bbasics-1) Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes "a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void'".[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or [hallucination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination "Hallucination").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-SSyllabus-4) When they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset [insomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia "Insomnia").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) Hypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sander-5) Around 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) They are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological [sequelae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequelae "Sequelae"), though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-8) ## Causes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Causes")\] According to the [American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine "American Academy of Sleep Medicine") (AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), [stimulants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant "Stimulant") like [caffeine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine "Caffeine") and [nicotine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine "Nicotine"), [stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress "Psychological stress"), and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by [fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue "Fatigue") or [sleep deprivation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation "Sleep deprivation").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) Additionally, [antidepressant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant "Antidepressant") usage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9) However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-10) Nevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) Sometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with [restless legs syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restless_leg_syndrome "Restless leg syndrome"), [periodic limb movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder "Periodic limb movement disorder"), hypnagogic foot tremor, [rhythmic movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_movement_disorder "Rhythmic movement disorder"), and [hereditary or essential startle syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperekplexia "Hyperekplexia"). But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) This physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for [myoclonic seizure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus"), but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites, [urinary incontinence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_incontinence "Urinary incontinence"), or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) The causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-11) One [hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis "Hypothesis") posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex "Reflex"), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in [blood pressure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure "Blood pressure") and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-12) Another theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks-13) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be "an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur", but evidence is lacking.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) During an [epilepsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy "Epilepsy") and [intensive care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine "Intensive care medicine") study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Fisch2009-14) According to a study on sleep disturbances in the [Journal of Neural Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Neural_Transmission "Journal of Neural Transmission"), a hypnic jerk occurs during the [non-rapid eye movement sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Non-rapid eye movement sleep") cycle and is an "abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling".[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) ## Treatment \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Treatment")\] There are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient [magnesium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium "Magnesium").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Shady-16) Some medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose [clonazepam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam "Clonazepam") at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) While antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-17) In addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a [positive feedback loop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback_loop "Positive feedback loop").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt-18) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: See also")\] - [Exploding head syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome "Exploding head syndrome") – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep - [Fasciculation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation "Fasciculation") – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch - [Hypnagogia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnagogia "Hypnagogia") – State of consciousness leading into sleep - [Myoclonus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus") – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch - [Periodic limb movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder "Periodic limb movement disorder") – Sleep disorder - [Rapid eye movement sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Rapid eye movement sleep") – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements - [Sleep paralysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_paralysis "Sleep paralysis") – Sleeping disorder ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypnic_jerk&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-bbasics_1-0) ["Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190703160419/https://education.ninds.nih.gov/brochures/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF). [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"). [National Institutes of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health "National Institutes of Health"). 2006. Archived from [the original](https://education.ninds.nih.gov/brochures/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-07-03. "Many also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the "jump" we make when startled." 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-1) Friedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21). ["Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep"](http://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk-2014-5). [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider"). Retrieved 2016-07-17. 3. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-1) [Oswald, Ian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Oswald "Ian Oswald") (1959-03-01). "Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep". [Brain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_\(journal\) "Brain (journal)"). 82* (1): 92–103\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/brain/82.1.92](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbrain%2F82.1.92). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0006-8950](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-8950). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [13651496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13651496). 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-SSyllabus_4-0) ["Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165045/http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html). Sleep Syllabus. Archived from [the original](http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2019-07-03. "These muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules." 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sander_5-0) Sander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998). ["Sensory sleep starts"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170079). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 64 (5): 690. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1136/jnnp.64.5.690](https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.64.5.690). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [2170079](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170079). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [9598699](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9598699). 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-4) Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). "Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis". Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 30* (4): 403–410\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1097/WNP.0b013e31829dde98](https://doi.org/10.1097%2FWNP.0b013e31829dde98). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [23912581](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23912581). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [38840788](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38840788). 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-2) Vetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). "Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders". Sleep Medicine. 12: S11–S16. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.005](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sleep.2011.10.005). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [22136891](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22136891). 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-8)* Mah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25). ["0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks"](https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/45/Supplement_1/A350/6592756). Sleep. 45 (Supplement\_1): A350–A350. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/sleep/zsac079.803](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsleep%2Fzsac079.803). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0161-8105](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-8105). 9. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-1) Sathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015). ["Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481805). Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 6* (3): 423–424\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4103/0976-3147.158797](https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0976-3147.158797). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [4481805](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481805). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [26167034](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26167034). 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-10) Whitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01). ["Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks"](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40675-018-0104-9). Current Sleep Medicine Reports. 4 (1): 19–27\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s40675-018-0104-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40675-018-0104-9). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2198-6401](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2198-6401). "...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology." 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-11) ["Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019"](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/hypnic-jerking/). Sleep Advisor. Retrieved 27 June 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-12) Castro, Joseph (21 November 2017). ["Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?"](https://www.livescience.com/39225-why-people-twitch-falling-asleep.html). [LiveScience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveScience "LiveScience"). 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks_13-0) ["Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks"](https://hacktosleep.com/complete-guide-to-hypnic-jerks/). Hack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Fisch2009_14-0) Bruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009). [Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice](https://books.google.com/books?id=kIISvcXYQ94C). Demos Medical Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-935281-59-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935281-59-7 "Special:BookSources/978-1-935281-59-7") . 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-1) Askenasy, J. J. M. (2003). "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism". Journal of Neural Transmission. 110* (2). Springer-Verlag: 125–50\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s007020300001](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs007020300001). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [12589574](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12589574). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [9147326](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9147326). 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Shady_16-0) Shebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015). ["Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560178). The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 17 (2) 10.4088/PCC.14l01724. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4088/PCC.14l01724](https://doi.org/10.4088%2FPCC.14l01724). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [4560178](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560178). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [26445681](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26445681). 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-17) Kumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07). ["SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series"](https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 65 (7): 785–788\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry\_207\_23](https://doi.org/10.4103%2Findianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0019-5545](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5545). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [10461585](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10461585). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [37645359](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37645359). `{{cite journal}}`: Check date values in: `\|date=` ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date "Help:CS1 errors")) 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt_18-0) Green, Ethan (April 16, 2013). ["Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190701053742/https://www.nosleeplessnights.com/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep/). No Sleepless Nights. Archived from [the original](https://www.nosleeplessnights.com/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep/) on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019. \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Classification \| [D](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1308944 "d:Q1308944") [SNOMED CT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED_CT "SNOMED CT"): [443438009](https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=443438009&languages=en) \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sleep "Template:Sleep") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Sleep "Template talk:Sleep") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sleep "Special:EditPage/Template:Sleep")[Sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep "Sleep") and [sleep disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder "Sleep disorder") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Stages of [sleep cycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cycle "Sleep cycle") \| [Rapid eye movement (REM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Rapid eye movement sleep") [Quiescent sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Non-rapid eye movement sleep") [Slow-wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-wave_sleep "Slow-wave sleep") \| \| [Brain waves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography "Electroencephalography") \| [Alpha wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_wave "Alpha wave") [Beta wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_wave "Beta wave") [Delta wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_wave "Delta wave") [Gamma wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave "Gamma wave") [K-complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-complex "K-complex") [Mu rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_wave "Mu wave") [PGO waves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGO_waves "PGO waves") [Sensorimotor rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorimotor_rhythm "Sensorimotor rhythm") [Sleep spindle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_spindle "Sleep spindle") [Theta wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_wave "Theta wave") \| \| [Sleep disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder "Sleep disorder") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Anatomical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology "Oral and maxillofacial pathology") \| [Mouth breathing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_breathing "Mouth breathing") [SRBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep-related_breathing_disorder "Sleep-related breathing disorder") [Sleep apnea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea "Sleep apnea") [Catathrenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catathrenia "Catathrenia") [Central hypoventilation syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_hypoventilation_syndrome "Central hypoventilation syndrome") [Obesity hypoventilation syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome") [Obstructive sleep apnea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea "Obstructive sleep apnea") [Periodic breathing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_breathing "Periodic breathing") [Snoring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoring "Snoring") \| \| [Dyssomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyssomnia "Dyssomnia") \| [Excessive daytime sleepiness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excessive_daytime_sleepiness "Excessive daytime sleepiness") [Hypersomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersomnia "Hypersomnia") [Insomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia "Insomnia") [Kleine–Levin syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin_syndrome "Kleine–Levin syndrome") [Narcolepsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy "Narcolepsy") [Idiopathic hypersomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia "Idiopathic hypersomnia") [Night eating syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_eating_syndrome "Night eating syndrome") [Nocturia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturia "Nocturia") [Non-restorative sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-restorative_sleep "Non-restorative sleep") [Sleep state misperception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_state_misperception "Sleep state misperception") \| \| [Circadian rhythm disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder "Circadian rhythm sleep disorder") \| [Advanced sleep phase disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder "Advanced sleep phase disorder") [Cyclic alternating pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_alternating_pattern "Cyclic alternating pattern") [Delayed sleep phase disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder "Delayed sleep phase disorder") [Irregular sleep–wake rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm "Irregular sleep–wake rhythm") [Jet lag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag "Jet lag") [Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-24-hour_sleep%E2%80%93wake_disorder "Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder") [Shift work sleep disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder "Shift work sleep disorder") \| \| [Parasomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasomnia "Parasomnia") \| [Bruxism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism "Bruxism") [Nightmare disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare_disorder "Nightmare disorder") [Night terror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_terror "Night terror") [Periodic limb movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder "Periodic limb movement disorder") [Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder") [Sleepwalking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepwalking "Sleepwalking") [Sleep driving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_driving "Sleep driving") [Sleep-talking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep-talking "Sleep-talking") \| \| Benign phenomena \| [Dreams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream "Dream") [Lucid dreams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream "Lucid dream") [Exploding head syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome "Exploding head syndrome") [Hypnic jerk]() [Hypnagogia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnagogia "Hypnagogia") / [Sleep onset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_onset "Sleep onset") [Hypnopompia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnopompia "Hypnopompia") [Sleep paralysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_paralysis "Sleep paralysis") [Sleep inertia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_inertia "Sleep inertia") [Somnolence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnolence "Somnolence") [Nocturnal clitoral tumescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal_clitoral_tumescence "Nocturnal clitoral tumescence") [Nocturnal penile tumescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal_penile_tumescence "Nocturnal penile tumescence") [Nocturnal emission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal_emission "Nocturnal emission") \| \| [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_medicine "Sleep medicine") \| [Sleep diary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_diary "Sleep diary") [Sleep hygiene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_hygiene "Sleep hygiene") [Sleep induction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_induction "Sleep induction") [Hypnosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnosis "Hypnosis") [Lullaby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lullaby "Lullaby") [Somnology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnology "Somnology") [Polysomnography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysomnography "Polysomnography") [Sleep surgery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_surgery "Sleep surgery") \| \| Other \| [Sleep medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_medicine "Sleep medicine") [Behavioral sleep medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_sleep_medicine "Behavioral sleep medicine") [Sleep study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_study "Sleep study") [Melatonin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin "Melatonin") [Neuroscience of sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep "Neuroscience of sleep") \| \| Daily life \| [Bed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed "Bed") [Bunk bed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunk_bed "Bunk bed") [Daybed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daybed "Daybed") [Four-poster bed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-poster_bed "Four-poster bed") [Futon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futon "Futon") [Hammock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammock "Hammock") [Mattress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress "Mattress") [Sleeping bag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_bag "Sleeping bag") [Bed bug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_bug "Bed bug") [Bedding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedding "Bedding") [Bedroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedroom "Bedroom") [Bedtime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime "Bedtime") [Procrastination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime_procrastination "Bedtime procrastination") [Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime_story "Bedtime story") [Biphasic and polyphasic sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biphasic_and_polyphasic_sleep "Biphasic and polyphasic sleep") [Chronotype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronotype "Chronotype") [Circadian rhythm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm "Circadian rhythm") [Comfort object](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_object "Comfort object") [Dream diary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_diary "Dream diary") [Microarousal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarousal "Microarousal") [Microsleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsleep "Microsleep") [Nap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap "Nap") [Nightwear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightwear "Nightwear") [Power nap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_nap "Power nap") [Second wind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wind_\(sleep\) "Second wind (sleep)") [Siesta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siesta "Siesta") [Sleep and breathing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_and_breathing "Sleep and breathing") [Sleep and creativity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_and_creativity "Sleep and creativity") 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \| Hypnic jerk \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Other names \| Myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, night start \| \| [Specialty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_specialty "Medical specialty") \| [Sleep medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_medicine "Sleep medicine") \| \| [Causes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_\(medicine\) "Cause (medicine)") \| Unknown \| \| [Risk factors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_factor "Risk factor") \| Irregular sleep schedule, [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), excessive [stimulant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant "Stimulant") consumption, [stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress "Psychological stress"), [smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking "Smoking"), [antidepressants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant "Antidepressant") \| \| [Diagnostic method](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis "Medical diagnosis") \| Based on symptoms \| \| Treatment \| Medication, reducing stimulant consumption, consuming [magnesium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium "Magnesium"). \| \| [Medication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication "Medication") \| [Clonazepam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam "Clonazepam") \| A hypnic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary [contraction of the muscles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction "Muscle contraction") of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called [myoclonus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus"). Physically, hypnic jerks resemble the "jump" experienced by a person when startled, sometimes accompanied by a [falling sensation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_\(sensation\) "Falling (sensation)").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-bbasics-1) Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes "a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void'".[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or [hallucination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination "Hallucination").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-SSyllabus-4) When they are particularly frequent and severe, hypnic jerks have been reported as a cause of sleep-onset [insomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia "Insomnia").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Oswald-3) Hypnic jerks are common physiological phenomena.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sander-5) Around 70% of people experience them at least once in their lives with 10% experiencing them daily.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) They are mostly benign and do not cause any neurological [sequelae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequelae "Sequelae"), though in severe cases there can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-8) According to the [American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine "American Academy of Sleep Medicine") (AASM), there is a wide range of potential causes, including [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), [stimulants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant "Stimulant") like [caffeine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine "Caffeine") and [nicotine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine "Nicotine"), [stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress "Psychological stress"), and strenuous activities in the evening. It also may be facilitated by [fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue "Fatigue") or [sleep deprivation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation "Sleep deprivation").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Vetrugno-7) Additionally, [antidepressant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant "Antidepressant") usage has been noted as a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9) However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially at random in healthy people.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-10) Nevertheless, these repeated, intensifying twitches can cause anxiety in some individuals and a disruption to their sleep onset.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) Sometimes, hypnic jerks are mistaken for another form of movement during sleep. For example, hypnic jerks can be confused with [restless legs syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restless_leg_syndrome "Restless leg syndrome"), [periodic limb movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder "Periodic limb movement disorder"), hypnagogic foot tremor, [rhythmic movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_movement_disorder "Rhythmic movement disorder"), and [hereditary or essential startle syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperekplexia "Hyperekplexia"). But some phenomena can help to distinguish hypnic jerk from these other conditions. For example, the occurrence of hypnic jerk arises only at sleep onset and it happens without any rhythmicity or periodicity of the movements and EMG bursts. Other pertinent history can also be used to differentiate it.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) This physiological phenomenon can also be mistaken for [myoclonic seizure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus"), but it can also be distinguished by different criteria such as the fact that hypnic jerk occurs at sleep onset only or that the EEG is normal and constant. In addition, unlike seizures, there are no tongue bites, [urinary incontinence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_incontinence "Urinary incontinence"), or postictal confusion in hypnic jerk. This phenomenon can therefore be distinguished from other more serious conditions.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) The causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied. None of the several theories that have attempted to explain it have been fully accepted.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-11) One [hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis "Hypothesis") posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex "Reflex"), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in [blood pressure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure "Blood pressure") and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-12) Another theory postulates that the body mistakes the sense of relaxation that is felt when falling asleep as a sign that the body is physically falling. As a consequence, it causes a jerk motion to wake the sleeper up so they can catch themselves.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks-13) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be "an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur", but evidence is lacking.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Friedman2014-2) During an [epilepsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy "Epilepsy") and [intensive care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine "Intensive care medicine") study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Fisch2009-14) According to a study on sleep disturbances in the [Journal of Neural Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Neural_Transmission "Journal of Neural Transmission"), a hypnic jerk occurs during the [non-rapid eye movement sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Non-rapid eye movement sleep") cycle and is an "abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling".[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4 to 7 per hour in the age range from 8 to 12 years old, and they decrease toward 1 or 2 per hour by 65 to 80 years old.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Askenasy-15) There are ways to reduce hypnic jerks, including reducing consumption of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine, avoiding physical exertion prior to sleep, and consuming sufficient [magnesium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium "Magnesium").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Sathe-9)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Shady-16) Some medication can also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose [clonazepam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam "Clonazepam") at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Chokroverty-6) While antidepressant usage is a potential risk factor for hypnic jerks, a combination of clonazepam and antidepressants has been found to potentially mitigate hypnic jerks in those with depression and hypnic jerks.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-17) In addition, some people may develop a fixation on these hypnic jerks, leading to increased anxiety about the disruptive experience. This increased anxiety and fatigue increases the likelihood of experiencing these jerks, resulting in a [positive feedback loop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback_loop "Positive feedback loop").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_note-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt-18) - [Exploding head syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome "Exploding head syndrome") – Abnormal sensory perception during sleep - [Fasciculation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation "Fasciculation") – Spontaneous, involuntary muscle twitch - [Hypnagogia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnagogia "Hypnagogia") – State of consciousness leading into sleep - [Myoclonus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus "Myoclonus") – Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch - [Periodic limb movement disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder "Periodic limb movement disorder") – Sleep disorder - [Rapid eye movement sleep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep "Rapid eye movement sleep") – Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements - [Sleep paralysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_paralysis "Sleep paralysis") – Sleeping disorder 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-bbasics_1-0) ["Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190703160419/https://education.ninds.nih.gov/brochures/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF). [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"). [National Institutes of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health "National Institutes of Health"). 2006. Archived from [the original](https://education.ninds.nih.gov/brochures/Brain-Basics-Sleep-6-10-08-pdf-508.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-07-03. "Many also experience sudden muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia, often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. These sudden movements are similar to the "jump" we make when startled." 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Friedman2014_2-1) Friedman, Lauren F. (2014-05-21). ["Why You Sometimes Feel Like You're Falling And Jerk Awake When Trying To Fall Asleep"](http://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk-2014-5). [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider"). Retrieved 2016-07-17. 3. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Oswald_3-1) [Oswald, Ian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Oswald "Ian Oswald") (1959-03-01). "Sudden Bodily Jerks on Falling Asleep". [Brain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_\(journal\) "Brain (journal)"). 82* (1): 92–103\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/brain/82.1.92](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbrain%2F82.1.92). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0006-8950](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-8950). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [13651496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13651496). 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-SSyllabus_4-0) ["Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165045/http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html). Sleep Syllabus. Archived from [the original](http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2019-07-03. "These muscular contractions, called sleep related myoclonias are not pathological events, although they tend to occur more frequently with stress or unusual or irregular sleep schedules." 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sander_5-0) Sander, Howard; Geisse, Hildegarde; Quinto, Christine; Sachdeo, Rajesh; Chokroverty, Sudhansu (1998). ["Sensory sleep starts"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170079). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 64 (5): 690. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1136/jnnp.64.5.690](https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.64.5.690). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [2170079](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170079). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [9598699](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9598699). 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Chokroverty_6-4) Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya (2013). "Intensified Hypnic Jerks: A Polysomnographic and Polymyographic Analysis". Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 30* (4): 403–410\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1097/WNP.0b013e31829dde98](https://doi.org/10.1097%2FWNP.0b013e31829dde98). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [23912581](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23912581). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [38840788](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38840788). 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Vetrugno_7-2) Vetrugno, Roberto; Montagna, Pasquale (2011). "Sleep-to-wake transition movement disorders". Sleep Medicine. 12: S11–S16. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.005](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sleep.2011.10.005). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [22136891](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22136891). 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-8)* Mah, Cheri; West, Leslie; Hekmat, Anahid (2022-05-25). ["0807 Sleep-related hiccups: A case report of antidepressant associated hypnic jerks"](https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/45/Supplement_1/A350/6592756). Sleep. 45 (Supplement\_1): A350–A350. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/sleep/zsac079.803](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsleep%2Fzsac079.803). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0161-8105](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-8105). 9. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Sathe_9-1) Sathe, Harshal; Karia, Sagar; Desousa, Avinash; Shah, Nilesh (2015). ["Hypnic jerks possibly induced by escitalopram"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481805). Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 6* (3): 423–424\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4103/0976-3147.158797](https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0976-3147.158797). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [4481805](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481805). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [26167034](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26167034). 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-10) Whitney, Robyn; Weiss, Shelly K. (2018-03-01). ["Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks"](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40675-018-0104-9). Current Sleep Medicine Reports. 4 (1): 19–27\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s40675-018-0104-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40675-018-0104-9). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2198-6401](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2198-6401). "...clustering of hypnic jerks can occur in normal healthy individuals and does not necessarily indicate an underlying pathology." 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-11) ["Hypnic (Hypnagogic) Jerking Explained – The Comprehensive Guide For 2019"](https://www.sleepadvisor.org/hypnic-jerking/). Sleep Advisor. Retrieved 27 June 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-12) Castro, Joseph (21 November 2017). ["Why Do People 'Twitch' When Falling Asleep?"](https://www.livescience.com/39225-why-people-twitch-falling-asleep.html). [LiveScience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveScience "LiveScience"). 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Complete_Guide_to_Hypnic_Jerks_13-0) ["Complete Guide to Hypnic Jerks"](https://hacktosleep.com/complete-guide-to-hypnic-jerks/). Hack to Sleep: a guide to better sleep. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Fisch2009_14-0) Bruce J Fisch, MD (23 October 2009). [Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice](https://books.google.com/books?id=kIISvcXYQ94C). Demos Medical Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-935281-59-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935281-59-7 "Special:BookSources/978-1-935281-59-7") . 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Askenasy_15-1) Askenasy, J. J. M. (2003). "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism". Journal of Neural Transmission. 110* (2). Springer-Verlag: 125–50\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s007020300001](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs007020300001). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [12589574](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12589574). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [9147326](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9147326). 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Shady_16-0) Shebak, Shady; Bader, Geoffrey (2015). ["Midazolam and Low Magnesium Associated With Myoclonic Jerks: A Case Report"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560178). The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 17 (2) 10.4088/PCC.14l01724. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4088/PCC.14l01724](https://doi.org/10.4088%2FPCC.14l01724). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [4560178](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560178). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [26445681](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26445681). 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-17) Kumar, Rakesh; Ali, Syed Naiyer; Saha, Shatabdi; Bhattacharjee, Subir (2023-07). ["SSRI induced hypnic jerks: A case series"](https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 65 (7): 785–788\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry\_207\_23](https://doi.org/10.4103%2Findianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_207_23). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0019-5545](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5545). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [10461585](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10461585). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [37645359](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37645359). 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnic_jerk#cite_ref-Hypnic_Jerks:_How_To_Avoid_Waking_With_A_Jolt_18-0) Green, Ethan (April 16, 2013). ["Hypnic Jerks: How To Avoid Waking With A Jolt"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190701053742/https://www.nosleeplessnights.com/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep/). No Sleepless Nights. Archived from [the original](https://www.nosleeplessnights.com/the-hypnic-jerk-jolted-awake-when-falling-asleep/) on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
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