🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa171)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board","crawl_time":1774199385,"first_indexed_time":1381087705,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Housing and Development Board - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nHousing & Development Board (HDB)\nThe\nHDB Hub\nat\nToa Payoh\n, headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore.\nAgency overview\nFormed\n1 February 1960\n; 66 years ago\nPreceding agency\nSingapore Improvement Trust\nJurisdiction\nGovernment of Singapore\nHeadquarters\nHDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480\nAgency executives\nBenny Lim Siang Hoe\n \n(\nChairperson\n)\nTan Meng Dui \n(\nCEO\n)\nParent agency\nMinistry of National Development\nWebsite\nwww\n.hdb\n.gov\n.sg\nAgency ID\nT08GB0018F\nHDB flats in\nJurong West\nThe\nHousing & Development Board\n[\na\n]\n(\nHDB\n), often referred to as the\nHousing Board\n,\n[\n1\n]\nis a\nstatutory board\nunder the\nMinistry of National Development\n(MND) that is responsible for\npublic housing\nin\nSingapore\n. Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the\nSingapore Improvement Trust\n's (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of\nkampong\nresidents into public housing in the first few years of its existence.\nFocus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s,\ntown councils\nwere established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance.\n[\n2\n]\nDuring the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers.\n[\n2\n]\nThe HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began\nsolar panel\ninstallations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or\nbrutalist\nstyles toward improved\ncontemporary\naesthetics with improved amenities and facilities.\n[\n2\n]\nThe HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the\nGovernment\nwith the purchase price payable by HDB going into the\npast reserves\n.\n[\n3\n]\nBackground and formation\n[\nedit\n]\nBy the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped\nshophouses\n.\n[\n4\n]\nMoreover, the\nSingapore Improvement Trust\n(SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.\n[\n5\n]\nIn the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT.\n[\n6\n]\nThese efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the\nLegislative Assembly\nin 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.\n[\n7\n]\nOne of the\noriginal HDB flats\nconstructed in 1960, in July 2021.\nOn the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme,\n[\n8\n]\nand found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them.\n[\n9\n]\nThe HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in\nTiong Bahru\n, which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the\nBukit Ho Swee fire\nin May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on\nBukit Ho Swee\n's redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by\nurban renewal\nprojects and\nkampong\nfires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and\nkampong\ndwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.\n[\n10\n]\nThe rehousing of\nkampong\ndwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area,\n[\n10\n]\nand the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone,\n[\n11\n]\nso the\nUrban Redevelopment Authority\n, a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.\n[\n12\n]\nWith the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives.\n[\n10\n]\nMoreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones.\n[\n13\n]\nNevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.\n[\n14\n]\nThe HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their\nCentral Provident Fund\n(CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them.\n[\n4\n]\nFrom the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates.\n[\n15\n]\nIn addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.\n[\n16\n]\nIn 1982, control over the\nHousing and Urban Development Company\n(HUDC) was transferred to the HDB.\n[\n17\n]\nWith the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.\n[\n15\n]\nIn a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989.\n[\n15\n]\nKnown as the\nMain Upgrading Programme\n,\n[\n13\n]\nit attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the\nSelective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme\n(SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.\n[\n15\n]\nAlong with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing.\n[\n15\n]\nFurther schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them,\n[\n18\n]\nand the\nDesign, Build and Sell Scheme\n, in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.\n[\n19\n]\nNevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks,\n[\n20\n]\nand corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.\n[\n21\n]\nThe HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the\nNeighbourhood Renewal Programme\n, in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.\n[\n16\n]\nThe HDB began installation of\nsolar panels\non public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the\nEconomic Development Board\n, it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.\n[\n22\n]\nUnder the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing.\n[\n23\n]\nThe HDB also carries out\nland reclamation\nworks and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.\n[\n22\n]\nThe HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members,\n[\n24\n]\nalong with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer,\n[\n25\n]\nwho is a member of the board.\n[\n26\n]\nEach department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.\n[\n25\n]\nThe HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations.\n[\n27\n]\nHDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).\n[\n28\n]\nPublic housing in Singapore\nNew towns of Singapore\nCash-Over-Valuation\nHLM\n(France)\n^\nChinese\n:\n建屋发展局\n;\npinyin\n:\nJiànwū fāzhǎnjú\n;\nMalay\n:\nLembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan\n;\nTamil\n:\nவீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம்\n,\nromanized: \nVīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam\n^\nSources using the term \"Housing Board\" include:\nRam Anand (2 February 2023).\n\"Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB\"\n.\nstraitstimes.com\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2026\n.\nOpposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition.\nChew Hui Min (28 June 2023).\n\"CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?\"\n.\nchannelnewsasia.com\n.\nCNA\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2026\n.\nThe classification of Housing Board estates as \"mature\" or \"non-mature\" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future.\nJustin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025).\n\"One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls\"\n.\nchannelnewasia.com\n. CNA\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2026\n.\nLast month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme.\nSherlyn Sim (16 January 2026).\n\"Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028\"\n.\nstraitstimes.com\n. The Straits Times\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2026\n.\nHDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts.\n^\na\nb\nc\nFernandez, Warren (2011).\nOur Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation\n. Straits Times Press.\nISBN\n \n9789814266741\n.\n^\n\"Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves\"\n. Government of Singapore.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 October 2022\n. Retrieved\n31 October\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nLim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984).\n\"Public housing and community development in Singapore\"\n.\nEkistics\n.\n51\n(307):\n319–\n327.\nJSTOR\n \n43621881\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 April 2022\n. Retrieved\n26 May\n2021\n.\n^\n\"The Housing Problem\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n26 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\n\"Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n26 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\n\"2 new boards take over from the S.I.T\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n26 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\n\"Govt. to spend $230 mil. on homes in next five years\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\n\"Coming: A housing record\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 6 July 1960. p. 7.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n19 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\na\nb\nc\nLoh, Kah Seng (2009).\n\"5 The Politics of Fires in Post-1950s Singapore and the Making of the Modernist Nation-State\"\n. In Aljunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin; Heng, Derek (eds.).\nReframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism\n.\nAmsterdam University Press\n. pp. \n89–\n108.\nJSTOR\n \nj.ctt45kf1j.9\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n.\n^\n\"The real beginning — 18 years ago\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 15 April 1984. p. 7.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\n\"Tan gets top urban renewal post\"\n.\nNew Nation\n. Singapore. 9 February 1974. p. 2.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\na\nb\nGoh, Robbie B.H. (August 2001).\n\"Ideologies of 'Upgrading' in Singapore Public Housing: Post-modern Style, Globalisation and Class Construction in the Built Environment\"\n.\nUrban Studies\n.\n38\n(9):\n1589–\n1604.\nBibcode\n:\n2001UrbSt..38.1589G\n.\ndoi\n:\n10.1080\/00420980120076821\n.\nJSTOR\n \n43196729\n.\nS2CID\n \n143688718\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 April 2022\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n.\n^\nBeatrice Weder Di Mauro (1 April 2018).\nBuilding a Cohesive Society: The Case of Singapore's Housing Policies\n(Report).\nCentre for International Governance Innovation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n3 June\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nTeo, Siew Eng; Kong, Lily (March 1997).\n\"Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s\"\n.\nUrban Studies\n.\n34\n(3):\n441–\n452.\nBibcode\n:\n1997UrbSt..34..441S\n.\ndoi\n:\n10.1080\/0042098976069\n.\nJSTOR\n \n43083375\n.\nS2CID\n \n154318656\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 April 2022\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nCho, Im Sik; Nasution, Ivan; Lee, Jihye; Mascherenhas, Nina (Winter 2017).\n\"Mechanisms for facilitating community participation in Singapore's neighbourhood-planning framework\"\n.\nJournal of Architectural and Planning Research\n.\n34\n(4):\n320–\n335.\nJSTOR\n \n44987240\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 April 2022\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n.\n^\nOei, Sin Geok (8 March 1984).\n\"Dropped – The last HUDC project in exclusive area\"\n.\nSingapore Monitor\n. Singapore. p. 3.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\nChua, Chelsea (22 March 2001).\n\"Get ready for the where-when-what flats\"\n.\nToday\n. Singapore. p. 1.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\nGeneralova, Elena; Generalov, Viktor (2014).\n\"Social Issues: Designing High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience\"\n.\nCTBUH Journal\n(4):\n40–\n45.\nJSTOR\n \n24192834\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n.\n^\nNg, Boon Yian (28 January 2003).\n\"HDB at crossroads\"\n.\nToday\n. Singapore. p. 1.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\nPaulo, Derrick A (1 July 2003).\n\"HDB record payout\"\n.\nToday\n. Singapore. p. 1.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n– via NewspaperSG.\n^\na\nb\n\"Annual Report 2019\/2020\"\n.\nhdb.gov.sg\n. Housing and Development Board.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Housing and Development Act\"\n.\nsso.agc.gov.sg\n. Singapore Statutes Online.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 June\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Annual Report 2019\/2020\"\n.\nhdb.gov.sg\n. Housing and Development Board.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Organisation Chart\"\n.\nhdb.gov.sg\n. Housing and Development Board.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Corporate Governance\"\n.\nhdb.gov.sg\n. Housing and Development Board.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Subsidiary and Associated Companies\"\n.\nhdb.gov.sg\n. Housing and Development Board.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Housing & Development Board | Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP)\"\n.\nwww.tafep.sg\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 March 2016\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Banker heads Housing, Development Board\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 16 February 1960.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\nSam, Jackie (18 October 1963).\n\"3 NEW MINISTERS\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\nLoke, Peter (4 November 1966).\n\"KIA GAN OUT\"\n.\nEastern Sun\n. Singapore\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"154 vacant flats at Tiong Bahru now offered for sale\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 10 March 1966.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"New Chairman Of Housing And Development Board\"\n.\nEastern Sun\n. Singapore. 31 January 1969\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"HDB gets a new chairman\"\n.\nSingapore Herald\n. 2 April 1971. p. 4\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"New chief for housing board\"\n.\nEastern Sun\n. 2 April 1971. p. 2\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Di-lantek jadi pengerusi\"\n.\nBerita Harian\n(in Malay). 5 April 1971. p. 12.\nOCLC\n \n53812840\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"New chairman for Housing Board\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 18 March 1975. p. 21.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Dilantik sebagai Pengerusi Lembaga Perumahan\"\n[Appointed as Chairman of the Housing Board].\nBerita Harian\n(in Malay). 19 March 1975. p. 8.\nOCLC\n \n53812840\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Michael Fam to be MRT chairman\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. 30 April 1983. p. 1.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Owyang to be new HDB chairman\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 29 July 1983. p. 12.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Hsuan Owyang retires as HDB chairman from Oct\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. Singapore. 10 September 1998.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"HDB chairman to retire next month\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore. 10 September 1998.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\nNg, Boon Yian (24 June 2003).\n\"Aline is new HDB chief\"\n.\ntoday\n. Singapore\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"HDB GETS A NEW CHAIRMAN\"\n.\ntoday\n. Singapore. 28 September 2007\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\nChew, Hui Min (30 September 2016).\n\"HDB to get new chairman on Oct 1\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\nKoh, Sarah (22 November 2024).\n\"HDB to get new chairman from April 1\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. Singapore.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Five promoted to senior posts\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 6 January 1961. p. 9.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\nNgoo, Irene (17 August 1983).\n\"The late starter who made good\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. p. 8.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\nAng, Lilian (29 April 1989).\n\"Cool, leisurely strolls under the trees\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. p. 2.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\nTay, Peck Gek (18 January 2026).\n\"Liu Thai Ker – the architect who made Singapore better\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Ex-HDB chief posted to Finance Ministry\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 23 January 1991. p. 21.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"President's Scholar is HDB's new CEO\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 16 December 1990. p. 2.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Moh Siew Meng HDB's new CEO\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 27 October 1991. p. 3.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Environment Perm Sec to take over as HDB chief\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 28 March 1995. p. 2.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Peter Chan, Tan Guong Ching to switch jobs\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. 16 September 2000. p. 8.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"Niam Chiang Meng Retires from Administrative Service; NPTD and NCCS to Join Strategy Group, PMO\"\n.\nNational Climate Change Secretariat\n. 7 July 2016\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n.\n^\n\"MPA deputy chairman takes over as chairman from Dec 16\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. 29 November 2016. p. 5.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"HDB to get new chief executive\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. 9 April 2005. p. 12.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"HDB chief executive quits his post\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n. 12 April 2006. p. 5.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"MND senior level reshuffle sees three changes\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. 31 May 2006. p. 11.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\na\nb\nKalpana Rashiwala (15 June 2010).\n\"URA, HDB, NParks to get new CEOs\"\n.\nThe Business Times\n. p. 4.\nOCLC\n \n464696647\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n– via\nNewspaperSG\n.\n^\n\"HDB and NEA appoint new chief executive officers\".\nOman News Agency\n. 30 November 2020.\nFactiva\n \nOMANA00020201130egbu0005p\n– via\nFactiva\n.\n^\na\nb\nNg, Michelle (1 December 2020).\n\"New chief executive appointments at HDB, NEA\"\n.\nThe Straits Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0585-3923\n.\nOCLC\n \n8572659\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2026\n.\nOfficial website","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Housing+and+Development+Board \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Housing+and+Development+Board \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [1\\.1 Background and formation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Background_and_formation)\n  - [1\\.2 The 1960s to 1980s](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#The_1960s_to_1980s)\n  - [1\\.3 1990s to present](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#1990s_to_present)\n- [2 Responsibilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Responsibilities)\n- [3 Organisation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Organisation)\n- [4 Membership](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Membership)\n  Toggle Membership subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Chairmen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Chairmen)\n  - [4\\.2 Chief executives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Chief_executives)\n- [5 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#See_also)\n- [6 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#Notes)\n- [7 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#References)\n- [8 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Housing and Development Board\n12 languages\n\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"Housing and Development Board – German\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"Housing and Development Board – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"Housing and Development Board – French\")\n- [Hausa](https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwamitin_Gidaje_da_Ci_Gaban \"Kwamitin Gidaje da Ci Gaban – Hausa\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lembaga_Perumahan_dan_Pembangunan \"Lembaga Perumahan dan Pembangunan – Indonesian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%BA%81 \"住宅開発庁 – Japanese\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%A3%BC%ED%83%9D%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C \"주택개발위원회 – Korean\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lembaga_Perumahan_dan_Pembangunan \"Lembaga Perumahan dan Pembangunan – Malay\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"Housing and Development Board – Portuguese\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83 \"Рада з питань житла та розвитку – Ukrainian\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%E1%BB%A5c_Nh%C3%A0_%E1%BB%9F_v%C3%A0_Ph%C3%A1t_tri%E1%BB%83n_Singapore \"Cục Nhà ở và Phát triển Singapore – Vietnamese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BB%BA%E5%B1%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%B1%80 \"建屋發展局 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1934365#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Housing_and_Development_Board \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Housing_and_Development_Board \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&oldid=1342347315 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Housing_and_Development_Board&id=1342347315&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHousing_and_Development_Board)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Housing_and_Development_Board)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1934365 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nSingaporean public housing statutory board\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/7\/72\/Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png\/120px-Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Housing_and_Development_Board_\$logo\$.png) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG\/250px-HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:HDB_Hub,_Aug_06.JPG) The [HDB Hub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HDB_Hub \"HDB Hub\") at [Toa Payoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toa_Payoh \"Toa Payoh\"), headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore. |   |\n| Agency overview |   |\n| Formed | 1 February 1960; 66 years ago (1960-02-01) |\n| Preceding agency | [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") |\n| Jurisdiction | [Government of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Singapore \"Government of Singapore\") |\n| Headquarters | HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480 |\n| Agency executives | [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe \"Benny Lim Siang Hoe\") [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365?uselang=en#P488 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") ([Chairperson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chair_\$officer\$ \"Chair (officer)\")) Tan Meng Dui [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365?uselang=en#P169 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") ([CEO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\")) |\n| Parent agency | [Ministry of National Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_National_Development_\$Singapore\$ \"Ministry of National Development (Singapore)\") |\n| Website | [www.hdb.gov.sg](http:\/\/www.hdb.gov.sg\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |\n| Agency ID | T08GB0018F |\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/JurongwestHDB.JPG\/250px-JurongwestHDB.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:JurongwestHDB.JPG)\n\nHDB flats in [Jurong West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jurong_West \"Jurong West\")\n\nThe **Housing & Development Board**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-1) (**HDB**), often referred to as the **Housing Board**,[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Housing_Board-2) is a [statutory board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statutory_boards_of_the_Singapore_Government \"Statutory boards of the Singapore Government\") under the [Ministry of National Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_National_Development_\$Singapore\$ \"Ministry of National Development (Singapore)\") (MND) that is responsible for [public housing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_housing \"Public housing\") in [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\"). Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\")'s (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of *[kampong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kampong#Singapore \"Kampong\")* residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence.\n\nFocus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s, [town councils](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Town_Council_\$Singapore\$ \"Town Council (Singapore)\") were established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) During the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3)\n\nThe HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began [solar panel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_panel \"Solar panel\") installations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or [brutalist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brutalist_architecture \"Brutalist architecture\") styles toward improved [contemporary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contemporary_architecture \"Contemporary architecture\") aesthetics with improved amenities and facilities.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3)\n\nThe HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the [Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Singapore \"Government of Singapore\") with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the [past reserves](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reserves_of_the_Government_of_Singapore \"Reserves of the Government of Singapore\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-4)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\n### Background and formation\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Background and formation\")\\]\n\nBy the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped [shophouses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shophouse \"Shophouse\").[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) Moreover, the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") (SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-6)\n\nIn the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-7) These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the [Legislative Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legislative_Assembly_of_Singapore \"Legislative Assembly of Singapore\") in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-8)\n\n### The 1960s to 1980s\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: The 1960s to 1980s\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg\/250px-Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Block_45_Stirling_Road,_Singapore.jpg)\n\nOne of the [original HDB flats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/45,_48_and_49_Stirling_Road \"45, 48 and 49 Stirling Road\") constructed in 1960, in July 2021.\n\nOn the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme,[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-9) and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-10) The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in [Tiong Bahru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiong_Bahru \"Tiong Bahru\"), which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the [Bukit Ho Swee fire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Ho_Swee_fire \"Bukit Ho Swee fire\") in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on [Bukit Ho Swee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Ho_Swee \"Bukit Ho Swee\")'s redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by [urban renewal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_renewal \"Urban renewal\") projects and *[kampong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kampong \"Kampong\")* fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and *kampong* dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11)\n\nThe rehousing of *kampong* dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area,[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-12) so the [Urban Redevelopment Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_Redevelopment_Authority \"Urban Redevelopment Authority\"), a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-13)\n\nWith the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-15)\n\nThe HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their [Central Provident Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Provident_Fund \"Central Provident Fund\") (CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17)\n\nIn 1982, control over the [Housing and Urban Development Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Company_flats \"Housing and Urban Development Company flats\") (HUDC) was transferred to the HDB.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-18) With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16)\n\n### 1990s to present\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: 1990s to present\")\\]\n\nIn a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Known as the [Main Upgrading Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Upgrading_Programme \"Main Upgrading Programme\"),[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the [Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selective_En_bloc_Redevelopment_Scheme \"Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme\") (SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16)\n\nAlong with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them,[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-19) and the [Design, Build and Sell Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Design,_Build_and_Sell_Scheme \"Design, Build and Sell Scheme\"), in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-20)\n\nNevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks,[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-21) and corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-22)\n\nThe HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the [Neighbourhood Renewal Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neighbourhood_Renewal_Programme \"Neighbourhood Renewal Programme\"), in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17)\n\nThe HDB began installation of [solar panels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_panels \"Solar panels\") on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the [Economic Development Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Development_Board \"Economic Development Board\"), it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23)\n\n## Responsibilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Responsibilities\")\\]\n\nUnder the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-24) The HDB also carries out [land reclamation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_reclamation \"Land reclamation\") works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23)\n\n## Organisation\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Organisation\")\\]\n\nThe HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members,[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-25) along with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer,[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) who is a member of the board.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-27) Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26)\n\nThe HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-28) HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-29)\n\n## Membership\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Membership\")\\]\n\n### Chairmen\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Chairmen\")\\]\n\n| Name | Years served | Notes |\n|---|---|---|\n| [Lim Kim San](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lim_Kim_San \"Lim Kim San\") | 1960–1963 | [\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-30)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Sam-31) |\n| [Tan Kia Gan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tan_Kia_Gan \"Tan Kia Gan\") | 1963–1966 | [\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Sam-31)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-32) |\n| [Howe Yoon Chong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howe_Yoon_Chong \"Howe Yoon Chong\") | 1966–1969 | [\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-33)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-ES-34) |\n| [Pang Tee Pow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pang_Tee_Pow \"Pang Tee Pow\") | 1969–1970 | [\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:32-35)[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:7-36) |\n| [Lee Hee Seng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_Hee_Seng \"Lee Hee Seng\") | 1971–1975 | [\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-37)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:42-38) |\n| [Michael Fam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Fam \"Michael Fam\") | 1975–1983 | [\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-39)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-40) |\n| [Hsuan Owyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hsuan_Owyang \"Hsuan Owyang\") | 1983–1998 | [\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-41)[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-42) |\n| [Ngiam Tong Dow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngiam_Tong_Dow \"Ngiam Tong Dow\") | 1998–2003 | [\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-43)[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Ng-44) |\n| [Aline Wong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aline_Wong \"Aline Wong\") | 2003–2007 | [\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Ng-44)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-today-45) |\n| [James Koh Cher Siang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Koh_Cher_Siang \"James Koh Cher Siang\") | 2007–2016 | [\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-today-45)[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Chew-46) |\n| [Bobby Chin Yoke Choong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bobby_Chin_Yoke_Choong \"Bobby Chin Yoke Choong\") | 2016–2023 | [\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Chew-46)[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Koh-47) |\n| [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe \"Benny Lim Siang Hoe\") | 2023–present | [\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Koh-47) |\n\n### Chief executives\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Chief executives\")\\]\n\n| Name | Years served | Notes |\n|---|---|---|\n| Howe Yoon Chong | 1960–1970 | [\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-48) |\n| [Teh Cheang Wan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teh_Cheang_Wan \"Teh Cheang Wan\") | 1970–1979 | [\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-49) |\n| [Liu Thai Ker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Thai_Ker \"Liu Thai Ker\") | 1979–1989 | [\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-50)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-51) |\n| Chuang Kwong Yong | 1989–1990 | [\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-52)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:11-53) |\n| [Lim Hng Kiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lim_Hng_Kiang \"Lim Hng Kiang\") | 1991 | [\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:11-53)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:12-54) |\n| Moh Siew Meng | 1991–1995 | [\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:12-54)[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:10-55) |\n| Tan Guong Ching | 1995–2000 | [\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:10-55)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-56) |\n| Niam Chiang Meng | 2002–2005 | [\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-57)[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-58) |\n| [Lui Tuck Yew](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lui_Tuck_Yew \"Lui Tuck Yew\") | 2005–2006 | [\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-59)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-60) |\n| Tay Kim Poh | 2006–2010 | [\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-61)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:9-62) |\n| [Cheong Koon Hean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheong_Koon_Hean \"Cheong Koon Hean\") | 2010–2020 | [\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:9-62)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-63) |\n| Fong Chun Wah | 2021 | [\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:8-64) |\n| Tan Meng Dui | 2021–present | [\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:8-64) |\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [Public housing in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Public housing in Singapore\")\n- [New towns of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_towns_of_Singapore \"New towns of Singapore\")\n- [Cash-Over-Valuation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cash-Over-Valuation \"Cash-Over-Valuation\")\n- [HLM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HLM \"HLM\") (France)\n\n## Notes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Notes\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-1)**\n   [Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 建屋发展局; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Jiànwū fāzhǎnjú*; [Malay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malay_language \"Malay language\"): *Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan*; [Tamil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_language \"Tamil language\"): வீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம்,\n   \n   romanized:\n   \n   *Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam*\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Housing_Board_2-0)**\n   Sources using the term \"Housing Board\" include:\n   \n   - Ram Anand (2 February 2023). [\"Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/asia\/se-asia\/malaysia-s-debate-over-housing-policy-exposes-racial-fault-lines-for-unity-government). *straitstimes.com*. [The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"Opposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition.\"\n   - Chew Hui Min (28 June 2023). [\"CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?\"](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/singapore\/mature-estates-hdb-flats-classified-cna-explains-3581846). *channelnewsasia.com*. [CNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNA_\$TV_network\$ \"CNA (TV network)\"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"The classification of Housing Board estates as \"mature\" or \"non-mature\" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future.\"\n   - Justin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025). [\"One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls\"](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/singapore\/home-improvement-programme-no-shows-threshold-tiong-bahru-hdb-5504416). *channelnewasia.com*. CNA. Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"Last month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme.\"\n   - Sherlyn Sim (16 January 2026). [\"Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/relaxed-rental-occupancy-cap-for-hdb-flats-private-properties-to-be-extended-to-2028). *straitstimes.com*. The Straits Times. Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"HDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-2)\n   Fernandez, Warren (2011). *Our Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation*. Straits Times Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9789814266741](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9789814266741 \"Special:BookSources\/9789814266741\")\n   \n   .\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves\"](https:\/\/www.gov.sg\/article\/factually141022-b). Government of Singapore. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221014173108\/https:\/\/www.gov.sg\/article\/factually141022-b) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-1)\n   Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). 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Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:42_38-0)**\n    [\"New chairman for Housing Board\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19750318-1.2.82). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 18 March 1975. p. 21. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-39)**\n    [\"Dilantik sebagai Pengerusi Lembaga Perumahan\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/beritaharian19750319-1.2.61) \\[Appointed as Chairman of the Housing Board\\]. *[Berita Harian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berita_Harian_\$Singapore\$ \"Berita Harian (Singapore)\")* (in Malay). 19 March 1975. p. 8. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [53812840](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/53812840). Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-40)**\n    [\"Michael Fam to be MRT chairman\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes19830430-1.2.4). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 30 April 1983. p. 1. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-41)**\n    [\"Owyang to be new HDB chairman\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19830729-1.2.39). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 29 July 1983. p. 12. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-42)**\n    [\"Hsuan Owyang retires as HDB chairman from Oct\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/page\/biztimes19980910-1.1.4). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. Singapore. 10 September 1998. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-43)**\n    [\"HDB chairman to retire next month\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19980910-1.2.36.2). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. Singapore. 10 September 1998. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n43. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Ng_44-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Ng_44-1)\n    Ng, Boon Yian (24 June 2003). [\"Aline is new HDB chief\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/today20030624-2.2.5.4). *[today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Today_\$website\$ \"Today (website)\")*. Singapore. Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n44. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-today_45-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-today_45-1)\n    [\"HDB GETS A NEW CHAIRMAN\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/page\/today20070928-1.1.11). *[today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Today_\$website\$ \"Today (website)\")*. Singapore. 28 September 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n45. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Chew_46-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Chew_46-1)\n    Chew, Hui Min (30 September 2016). [\"HDB to get new chairman on Oct 1\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/housing\/hdb-to-get-new-chairman-on-oct-1). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. Singapore. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 16 January 2025.\n46. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Koh_47-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Koh_47-1)\n    Koh, Sarah (22 November 2024). [\"HDB to get new chairman from April 1\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/hdb-to-get-new-chairman-from-april-1). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. Singapore. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 16 January 2025.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"Five promoted to senior posts\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19610106-1.2.97). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 6 January 1961. p. 9. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-49)**\n    Ngoo, Irene (17 August 1983). [\"The late starter who made good\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19830817-1.2.24.1). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. p. 8. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-50)**\n    Ang, Lilian (29 April 1989). [\"Cool, leisurely strolls under the trees\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes19890429-1.2.10.3). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. p. 2. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-51)**\n    Tay, Peck Gek (18 January 2026). [\"Liu Thai Ker – the architect who made Singapore better\"](https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/singapore\/liu-thai-ker-architect-who-made-singapore-better). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026.\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-52)**\n    [\"Ex-HDB chief posted to Finance Ministry\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19910123-1.2.24.19). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 23 January 1991. p. 21. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n52. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:11_53-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:11_53-1)\n    [\"President's Scholar is HDB's new CEO\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19901216-1.2.7.5). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 16 December 1990. p. 2. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n53. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:12_54-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:12_54-1)\n    [\"Moh Siew Meng HDB's new CEO\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19911027-1.2.9.6). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 27 October 1991. p. 3. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n54. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:10_55-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:10_55-1)\n    [\"Environment Perm Sec to take over as HDB chief\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19950328-1.2.8.3). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 28 March 1995. p. 2. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n55. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-56)**\n    [\"Peter Chan, Tan Guong Ching to switch jobs\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20000916-1.2.18.2). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 16 September 2000. p. 8. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"Niam Chiang Meng Retires from Administrative Service; NPTD and NCCS to Join Strategy Group, PMO\"](https:\/\/www.nccs.gov.sg\/media\/press-release\/niam-chiang-meng-retires-from-administrative-service-nptd-and-nccs-to-join-strategy-group-pmo\/). *[National Climate Change Secretariat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Climate_Change_Secretariat \"National Climate Change Secretariat\")*. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2026.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"MPA deputy chairman takes over as chairman from Dec 16\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20161129-1.2.7.2). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 29 November 2016. p. 5. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-59)**\n    [\"HDB to get new chief executive\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20050409-1.2.20.3). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 9 April 2005. p. 12. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-60)**\n    [\"HDB chief executive quits his post\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes20060412-1.2.45.3.9.7). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 12 April 2006. p. 5. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-61)**\n    [\"MND senior level reshuffle sees three changes\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20060531-1.2.17.7). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 31 May 2006. p. 11. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n61. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:9_62-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:9_62-1)\n    Kalpana Rashiwala (15 June 2010). [\"URA, HDB, NParks to get new CEOs\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20100615-1.2.6.5). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. p. 4. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n62. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-63)**\n    \"HDB and NEA appoint new chief executive officers\". *[Oman News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oman_News_Agency \"Oman News Agency\")*. 30 November 2020. [Factiva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factiva \"Factiva\") [OMANA00020201130egbu0005p](http:\/\/global.factiva.com\/aa\/?ref=OMANA00020201130egbu0005p) – via [Factiva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factiva \"Factiva\").\n63. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-1)\n    Ng, Michelle (1 December 2020). [\"New chief executive appointments at HDB, NEA\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/new-chief-executive-appointments-at-hdb-nea-0). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026.\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n[Library resources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library \"Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library\") about   \n **Housing and Development Board**\n***\n\n- [Resources in your library](https:\/\/ftl.toolforge.org\/cgi-bin\/ftl?st=&su=Housing+%26+Development+Board)\n- [Resources in other libraries](https:\/\/ftl.toolforge.org\/cgi-bin\/ftl?st=&su=Housing+%26+Development+Board&library=0CHOOSE0)\n\n**By Housing and Development Board**\n\n- [Resources in your library](https:\/\/ftl.toolforge.org\/cgi-bin\/ftl?at=&au=Housing+%26+Development+Board)\n- [Resources in other libraries](https:\/\/ftl.toolforge.org\/cgi-bin\/ftl?at=&au=Housing+%26+Development+Board&library=0CHOOSE0)\n\n- [Official website](http:\/\/www.hdb.gov.sg\/)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Template:Public housing in Singapore\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Template talk:Public housing in Singapore\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Public housing in Singapore\")[Public housing in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Public housing in Singapore\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| Organisations | [Housing and Development Board]() [Ministry of National Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_National_Development_\$Singapore\$ \"Ministry of National Development (Singapore)\") [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") | [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5f\/Housing_and_Development_Board_flats%2C_Bukit_Batok_West_Avenue_5%2C_Singapore_-_20050528.jpg\/120px-Housing_and_Development_Board_flats%2C_Bukit_Batok_West_Avenue_5%2C_Singapore_-_20050528.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Housing_and_Development_Board_flats,_Bukit_Batok_West_Avenue_5,_Singapore_-_20050528.jpg) |\n| Building programmes | [Build to order](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Build_to_order_\$HDB\$ \"Build to order (HDB)\") [Design, Build and Sell Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Design,_Build_and_Sell_Scheme \"Design, Build and Sell Scheme\") [Home Ownership Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Home_Ownership_Scheme_\$Singapore\$&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Home Ownership Scheme (Singapore) (page does not exist)\") [Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selective_En_bloc_Redevelopment_Scheme \"Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme\") [Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Voluntary_Early_Redevelopment_Scheme&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme (page does not exist)\") [Walk-in Selection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walk-in_Selection \"Walk-in Selection\") |   |\n| Upgrading programmes | [Home Improvement Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Improvement_Programme \"Home Improvement Programme\") [Interim Upgrading Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Interim_Upgrading_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Interim Upgrading Programme (page does not exist)\") [Lift Upgrading Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lift_Upgrading_Programme \"Lift Upgrading Programme\") [Main Upgrading Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Upgrading_Programme \"Main Upgrading Programme\") [Neighbourhood Renewal Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neighbourhood_Renewal_Programme \"Neighbourhood Renewal Programme\") |   |\n| [New towns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_towns_of_Singapore \"New towns of Singapore\") | [Ang Mo Kio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ang_Mo_Kio \"Ang Mo Kio\") [Bedok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bedok \"Bedok\") [Bishan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bishan,_Singapore \"Bishan, Singapore\") [Bukit Batok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Batok \"Bukit Batok\") [Bukit Merah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Merah \"Bukit Merah\") [Bukit Panjang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Panjang \"Bukit Panjang\") [Choa Chu Kang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Choa_Chu_Kang \"Choa Chu Kang\") [Clementi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clementi,_Singapore \"Clementi, Singapore\") [Geylang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geylang \"Geylang\") [Hougang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hougang \"Hougang\") [Jurong East](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jurong_East \"Jurong East\") [Jurong West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jurong_West \"Jurong West\") [Kallang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kallang \"Kallang\")\/[Whampoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whampoa,_Singapore \"Whampoa, Singapore\") [Pasir Ris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasir_Ris \"Pasir Ris\") [Punggol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punggol \"Punggol\") [Queenstown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queenstown,_Singapore \"Queenstown, Singapore\") [Sembawang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sembawang \"Sembawang\") [Sengkang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sengkang \"Sengkang\") [Serangoon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serangoon \"Serangoon\") [Tampines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tampines \"Tampines\") [Tengah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tengah,_Singapore \"Tengah, Singapore\") [Toa Payoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toa_Payoh \"Toa Payoh\") [Woodlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woodlands,_Singapore \"Woodlands, Singapore\") [Yishun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yishun \"Yishun\") |   |\n| [Estates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Singapore \"List of neighbourhoods in Singapore\") | [Bukit Timah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Timah \"Bukit Timah\") [Central Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Area,_Singapore \"Central Area, Singapore\") [Marine Parade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marine_Parade \"Marine Parade\") |   |\n| Other | [Additional CPF Housing Grant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Additional_CPF_Housing_Grant \"Additional CPF Housing Grant\") [Lease Buyback Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lease_Buyback_Scheme \"Lease Buyback Scheme\") [Pinnacle@Duxton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pinnacle@Duxton \"The Pinnacle@Duxton\") [Treelodge@Punggol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treelodge@Punggol \"Treelodge@Punggol\") [Void deck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Void_deck \"Void deck\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Statutory_boards_of_Singapore \"Template:Statutory boards of Singapore\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Statutory_boards_of_Singapore \"Template talk:Statutory boards of Singapore\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Statutory_boards_of_Singapore \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Statutory boards of Singapore\")[![Singapore](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Singapore.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\") [Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statutory_boards_of_the_Government_of_Singapore \"Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Current | [Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accounting_and_Corporate_Regulatory_Authority \"Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority\") [Agency for Science, Technology and Research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agency_for_Science,_Technology_and_Research \"Agency for Science, Technology and Research\") [Building and Construction Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Building_and_Construction_Authority \"Building and Construction Authority\") [Central Provident Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Provident_Fund \"Central Provident Fund\") [Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_Singapore \"Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore\") [Civil Service College](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Service_College_Singapore \"Civil Service College Singapore\") [Communicable Diseases Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Communicable_Diseases_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Communicable Diseases Agency (page does not exist)\") [Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Competition_and_Consumer_Commission_of_Singapore \"Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore\") [Council for Estate Agencies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_for_Estate_Agencies \"Council for Estate Agencies\") [Defence Science and Technology Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Agency \"Defence Science and Technology Agency\") [Economic Development Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Development_Board \"Economic Development Board\") [Energy Market Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Energy_Market_Authority \"Energy Market Authority\") [Enterprise Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enterprise_Singapore \"Enterprise Singapore\") [Gambling Regulatory Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gambling_Regulatory_Authority_of_Singapore \"Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore\") [Government Technology Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_Technology_Agency \"Government Technology Agency\") [Health Promotion Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Promotion_Board \"Health Promotion Board\") [Health Sciences Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Sciences_Authority \"Health Sciences Authority\") [Housing and Development Board]() [Home Team Science and Technology Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Team_Science_and_Technology_Agency \"Home Team Science and Technology Agency\") [Infocomm Media Development Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infocomm_Media_Development_Authority \"Infocomm Media Development Authority\") [Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inland_Revenue_Authority_of_Singapore \"Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore\") [Intellectual Property Office of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intellectual_Property_Office_of_Singapore \"Intellectual Property Office of Singapore\") [ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISEAS_%E2%80%93_Yusof_Ishak_Institute \"ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute\") [JTC Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JTC_Corporation \"JTC Corporation\") [Land Transport Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_Transport_Authority \"Land Transport Authority\") [Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maritime_and_Port_Authority_of_Singapore \"Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore\") [National Arts Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Arts_Council,_Singapore \"National Arts Council, Singapore\") [National Council of Social Service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Council_of_Social_Service \"National Council of Social Service\") [National Environment Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Environment_Agency \"National Environment Agency\") [National Heritage Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Heritage_Board_\$Singapore\$ \"National Heritage Board (Singapore)\") [National Library Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Library_Board \"National Library Board\") [People's Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Association \"People's Association\") [Public Transport Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_Transport_Council \"Public Transport Council\") [Public Utilities Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_Utilities_Board_\$Singapore\$ \"Public Utilities Board (Singapore)\") [Sentosa Development Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sentosa_Development_Corporation \"Sentosa Development Corporation\") [Singapore Accountancy Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Accountancy_Commission \"Singapore Accountancy Commission\") [Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Examinations_and_Assessment_Board \"Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board\") [Singapore Food Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Food_Agency \"Singapore Food Agency\") [Singapore Land Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Land_Authority \"Singapore Land Authority\") [Singapore Tourism Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Tourism_Board \"Singapore Tourism Board\") [Sport Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sport_Singapore \"Sport Singapore\") [Urban Redevelopment Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_Redevelopment_Authority \"Urban Redevelopment Authority\") [Workforce Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Workforce_Singapore \"Workforce Singapore\") |\n| Former | [Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agri-Food_and_Veterinary_Authority_of_Singapore \"Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore\") [Casino Regulatory Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casino_Regulatory_Authority_of_Singapore \"Casino Regulatory Authority of Singapore\") [Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Certis_Group \"Certis Group\") [Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infocomm_Development_Authority_of_Singapore \"Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore\") [International Enterprise Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Enterprise_Singapore \"International Enterprise Singapore\") [Media Development Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_Development_Authority \"Media Development Authority\") National Computer Board [Nanyang Technological University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanyang_Technological_University \"Nanyang Technological University\") [National University of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_University_of_Singapore \"National University of Singapore\") [Post Office Savings Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/POSB_Bank \"POSB Bank\") [Public Works Department](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_Works_Department_of_Singapore \"Public Works Department of Singapore\") Singapore Broadcasting Authority [Singapore Broadcasting Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Broadcasting_Corporation \"Singapore Broadcasting Corporation\") [Singapore Harbour Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PSA_International \"PSA International\") [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") [Singapore Telecommunications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singtel \"Singtel\") [SPRING Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SPRING_Singapore \"SPRING Singapore\") Telecommunication Authority of Singapore |\n| *See also [Template:Government of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Government_of_Singapore \"Template:Government of Singapore\")* |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [ISNI](https:\/\/isni.org\/isni\/0000000405098617) [VIAF](https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/147718020) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/n50069575) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007342295805171) |\n| Other | [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/group\/bf30fe14-5103-434f-b661-73380bc28353) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&oldid=1342347315>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [1960 establishments in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:1960_establishments_in_Singapore \"Category:1960 establishments in Singapore\")\n- [1960 establishments in Malaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:1960_establishments_in_Malaya \"Category:1960 establishments in Malaya\")\n- [Government agencies established in 1960](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_1960 \"Category:Government agencies established in 1960\")\n- [Housing in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Housing_in_Singapore \"Category:Housing in Singapore\")\n- [Public housing in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Category:Public housing in Singapore\")\n- [Real estate in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Real_estate_in_Singapore \"Category:Real estate in Singapore\")\n- [Singapore government policies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Singapore_government_policies \"Category:Singapore government policies\")\n- [Architecture in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Architecture_in_Singapore \"Category:Architecture in Singapore\")\n- [Statutory boards of the Singapore Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Statutory_boards_of_the_Singapore_Government \"Category:Statutory boards of the Singapore Government\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text \"Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text\")\n- [Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_Malay_\$macrolanguage\$-language_text \"Category:Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text\")\n- [Articles containing Tamil-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_Tamil-language_text \"Category:Articles containing Tamil-language text\")\n- [CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Malay-language_sources_\$ms\$ \"Category:CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)\")\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short description\")\n- [Short description is different from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata \"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\")\n- [Use British English from August 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2021 \"Category:Use British English from August 2021\")\n- [All Wikipedia articles written in British English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_British_English \"Category:All Wikipedia articles written in British English\")\n- [Use dmy dates from November 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020 \"Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020\")\n- [Pages using infobox mapframe with missing coordinates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Pages_using_infobox_mapframe_with_missing_coordinates \"Category:Pages using infobox mapframe with missing coordinates\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 8 March 2026, at 13:12 (UTC).\n- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License \"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\"); additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms_of_Use \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms of Use\") and [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy policy\"). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nHousing and Development Board\n\n12 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/7\/72\/Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png\/120px-Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Housing_and_Development_Board_\$logo\$.png) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG\/250px-HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:HDB_Hub,_Aug_06.JPG) The [HDB Hub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HDB_Hub \"HDB Hub\") at [Toa Payoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toa_Payoh \"Toa Payoh\"), headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore. |   |\n| Agency overview |   |\n| Formed | 1 February 1960; 66 years ago |\n| Preceding agency | [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") |\n| Jurisdiction | [Government of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Singapore \"Government of Singapore\") |\n| Headquarters | HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480 |\n| Agency executives | [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe \"Benny Lim Siang Hoe\") [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365?uselang=en#P488 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") ([Chairperson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chair_\$officer\$ \"Chair (officer)\")) Tan Meng Dui [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365?uselang=en#P169 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") ([CEO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\")) |\n| Parent agency | [Ministry of National Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_National_Development_\$Singapore\$ \"Ministry of National Development (Singapore)\") |\n| Website | [www.hdb.gov.sg](http:\/\/www.hdb.gov.sg\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1934365#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |\n| Agency ID | T08GB0018F |\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/JurongwestHDB.JPG\/250px-JurongwestHDB.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:JurongwestHDB.JPG)\n\nHDB flats in [Jurong West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jurong_West \"Jurong West\")\n\nThe **Housing & Development Board**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-1) (**HDB**), often referred to as the **Housing Board**,[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Housing_Board-2) is a [statutory board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statutory_boards_of_the_Singapore_Government \"Statutory boards of the Singapore Government\") under the [Ministry of National Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_National_Development_\$Singapore\$ \"Ministry of National Development (Singapore)\") (MND) that is responsible for [public housing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_housing \"Public housing\") in [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\"). Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\")'s (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of *[kampong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kampong#Singapore \"Kampong\")* residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence.\n\nFocus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s, [town councils](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Town_Council_\$Singapore\$ \"Town Council (Singapore)\") were established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) During the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3)\n\nThe HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began [solar panel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_panel \"Solar panel\") installations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or [brutalist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brutalist_architecture \"Brutalist architecture\") styles toward improved [contemporary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contemporary_architecture \"Contemporary architecture\") aesthetics with improved amenities and facilities.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3)\n\nThe HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the [Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Singapore \"Government of Singapore\") with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the [past reserves](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reserves_of_the_Government_of_Singapore \"Reserves of the Government of Singapore\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-4)\n\n### Background and formation\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Background and formation\")\\]\n\nBy the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped [shophouses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shophouse \"Shophouse\").[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) Moreover, the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Improvement_Trust \"Singapore Improvement Trust\") (SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-6)\n\nIn the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-7) These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the [Legislative Assembly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legislative_Assembly_of_Singapore \"Legislative Assembly of Singapore\") in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-8)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg\/250px-Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Block_45_Stirling_Road,_Singapore.jpg)\n\nOne of the [original HDB flats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/45,_48_and_49_Stirling_Road \"45, 48 and 49 Stirling Road\") constructed in 1960, in July 2021.\n\nOn the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme,[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-9) and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-10) The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in [Tiong Bahru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiong_Bahru \"Tiong Bahru\"), which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the [Bukit Ho Swee fire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Ho_Swee_fire \"Bukit Ho Swee fire\") in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on [Bukit Ho Swee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukit_Ho_Swee \"Bukit Ho Swee\")'s redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by [urban renewal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_renewal \"Urban renewal\") projects and *[kampong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kampong \"Kampong\")* fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and *kampong* dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11)\n\nThe rehousing of *kampong* dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area,[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-12) so the [Urban Redevelopment Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_Redevelopment_Authority \"Urban Redevelopment Authority\"), a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-13)\n\nWith the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-15)\n\nThe HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their [Central Provident Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Provident_Fund \"Central Provident Fund\") (CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17)\n\nIn 1982, control over the [Housing and Urban Development Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Company_flats \"Housing and Urban Development Company flats\") (HUDC) was transferred to the HDB.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-18) With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16)\n\nIn a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Known as the [Main Upgrading Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Upgrading_Programme \"Main Upgrading Programme\"),[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the [Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selective_En_bloc_Redevelopment_Scheme \"Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme\") (SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16)\n\nAlong with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them,[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-19) and the [Design, Build and Sell Scheme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Design,_Build_and_Sell_Scheme \"Design, Build and Sell Scheme\"), in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-20)\n\nNevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks,[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-21) and corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-22)\n\nThe HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the [Neighbourhood Renewal Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neighbourhood_Renewal_Programme \"Neighbourhood Renewal Programme\"), in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17)\n\nThe HDB began installation of [solar panels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_panels \"Solar panels\") on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the [Economic Development Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Development_Board \"Economic Development Board\"), it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23)\n\nUnder the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-24) The HDB also carries out [land reclamation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_reclamation \"Land reclamation\") works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23)\n\nThe HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members,[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-25) along with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer,[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) who is a member of the board.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-27) Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26)\n\nThe HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-28) HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-29)\n\n- [Public housing in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_housing_in_Singapore \"Public housing in Singapore\")\n- [New towns of Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_towns_of_Singapore \"New towns of Singapore\")\n- [Cash-Over-Valuation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cash-Over-Valuation \"Cash-Over-Valuation\")\n- [HLM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HLM \"HLM\") (France)\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-1)**\n   [Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 建屋发展局; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Jiànwū fāzhǎnjú*; [Malay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malay_language \"Malay language\"): *Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan*; [Tamil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_language \"Tamil language\"): வீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம்,\n   \n   romanized:\n   \n   *Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam*\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Housing_Board_2-0)**\n   Sources using the term \"Housing Board\" include:\n   \n   - Ram Anand (2 February 2023). [\"Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/asia\/se-asia\/malaysia-s-debate-over-housing-policy-exposes-racial-fault-lines-for-unity-government). *straitstimes.com*. [The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"Opposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition.\"\n   - Chew Hui Min (28 June 2023). [\"CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?\"](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/singapore\/mature-estates-hdb-flats-classified-cna-explains-3581846). *channelnewsasia.com*. [CNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNA_\$TV_network\$ \"CNA (TV network)\"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"The classification of Housing Board estates as \"mature\" or \"non-mature\" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future.\"\n   - Justin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025). [\"One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls\"](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/singapore\/home-improvement-programme-no-shows-threshold-tiong-bahru-hdb-5504416). *channelnewasia.com*. CNA. Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"Last month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme.\"\n   - Sherlyn Sim (16 January 2026). [\"Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/relaxed-rental-occupancy-cap-for-hdb-flats-private-properties-to-be-extended-to-2028). *straitstimes.com*. The Straits Times. Retrieved 28 January 2026. \"HDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-2)\n   Fernandez, Warren (2011). *Our Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation*. Straits Times Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9789814266741](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9789814266741 \"Special:BookSources\/9789814266741\")\n   \n   .\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves\"](https:\/\/www.gov.sg\/article\/factually141022-b). Government of Singapore. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221014173108\/https:\/\/www.gov.sg\/article\/factually141022-b) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-1)\n   Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). [\"Public housing and community development in Singapore\"](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43621881). *Ekistics*. **51** (307): 319–327\\. [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\$identifier\$ \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [43621881](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43621881). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220405033848\/https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43621881) from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"The Housing Problem\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210526030945\/https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1) from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210508033433\/https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"2 new boards take over from the S.I.T\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82). *The Straits Times*. Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210508033430\/https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"Govt. to spend \\$230 mil. on homes in next five years\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32). *The Straits Times*. Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210602212840\/https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32) from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-10)**\n   [\"Coming: A housing record\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19600706-1.2.78). *The Straits Times*. 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Singapore. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 16 January 2025.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"Five promoted to senior posts\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes19610106-1.2.97). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 6 January 1961. p. 9. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). 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[\"Cool, leisurely strolls under the trees\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes19890429-1.2.10.3). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. p. 2. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-51)**\n    Tay, Peck Gek (18 January 2026). [\"Liu Thai Ker – the architect who made Singapore better\"](https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/singapore\/liu-thai-ker-architect-who-made-singapore-better). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 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Retrieved 26 January 2026.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"MPA deputy chairman takes over as chairman from Dec 16\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20161129-1.2.7.2). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. 29 November 2016. p. 5. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). 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Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-60)**\n    [\"HDB chief executive quits his post\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/straitstimes20060412-1.2.45.3.9.7). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. 12 April 2006. p. 5. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). 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[\"URA, HDB, NParks to get new CEOs\"](https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/digitised\/article\/biztimes20100615-1.2.6.5). *[The Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Business_Times_\$Singapore\$ \"The Business Times (Singapore)\")*. p. 4. [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [464696647](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewspaperSG \"NewspaperSG\").\n62. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-63)**\n    \"HDB and NEA appoint new chief executive officers\". *[Oman News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oman_News_Agency \"Oman News Agency\")*. 30 November 2020. [Factiva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factiva \"Factiva\") [OMANA00020201130egbu0005p](http:\/\/global.factiva.com\/aa\/?ref=OMANA00020201130egbu0005p) – via [Factiva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factiva \"Factiva\").\n63. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-1)\n    Ng, Michelle (1 December 2020). [\"New chief executive appointments at HDB, NEA\"](https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/new-chief-executive-appointments-at-hdb-nea-0). *[The Straits Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Straits_Times \"The Straits Times\")*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0585-3923](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0585-3923). [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [8572659](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026.\n\n- [Official website](http:\/\/www.hdb.gov.sg\/)","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board
Last Crawled	2026-03-22 17:09:45 (18 days ago)
First Indexed	2013-10-06 19:28:25 (12 years ago)
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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Housing & Development Board (HDB) The HDB Hub at Toa Payoh , headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore. Agency overview Formed 1 February 1960 ; 66 years ago Preceding agency Singapore Improvement Trust Jurisdiction Government of Singapore Headquarters HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480 Agency executives Benny Lim Siang Hoe ( Chairperson ) Tan Meng Dui ( CEO ) Parent agency Ministry of National Development Website www .hdb .gov .sg Agency ID T08GB0018F HDB flats in Jurong West The Housing & Development Board [ a ] ( HDB ), often referred to as the Housing Board , [ 1 ] is a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development (MND) that is responsible for public housing in Singapore . Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the Singapore Improvement Trust 's (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of kampong residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence. Focus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s, town councils were established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance. [ 2 ] During the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers. [ 2 ] The HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began solar panel installations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or brutalist styles toward improved contemporary aesthetics with improved amenities and facilities. [ 2 ] The HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the Government with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the past reserves . [ 3 ] Background and formation [ edit ] By the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped shophouses . [ 4 ] Moreover, the Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958. [ 5 ] In the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT. [ 6 ] These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the Legislative Assembly in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities. [ 7 ] One of the original HDB flats constructed in 1960, in July 2021. On the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme, [ 8 ] and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them. [ 9 ] The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in Tiong Bahru , which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the Bukit Ho Swee fire in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on Bukit Ho Swee 's redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by urban renewal projects and kampong fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and kampong dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings. [ 10 ] The rehousing of kampong dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area, [ 10 ] and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone, [ 11 ] so the Urban Redevelopment Authority , a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974. [ 12 ] With the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives. [ 10 ] Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones. [ 13 ] Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989. [ 14 ] The HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them. [ 4 ] From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates. [ 15 ] In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975. [ 16 ] In 1982, control over the Housing and Urban Development Company (HUDC) was transferred to the HDB. [ 17 ] With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985. [ 15 ] In a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989. [ 15 ] Known as the Main Upgrading Programme , [ 13 ] it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018. [ 15 ] Along with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing. [ 15 ] Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them, [ 18 ] and the Design, Build and Sell Scheme , in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers. [ 19 ] Nevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks, [ 20 ] and corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp. [ 21 ] The HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the Neighbourhood Renewal Programme , in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received. [ 16 ] The HDB began installation of solar panels on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the Economic Development Board , it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings. [ 22 ] Under the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing. [ 23 ] The HDB also carries out land reclamation works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles. [ 22 ] The HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members, [ 24 ] along with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer, [ 25 ] who is a member of the board. [ 26 ] Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department. [ 25 ] The HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations. [ 27 ] HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU). [ 28 ] Public housing in Singapore New towns of Singapore Cash-Over-Valuation HLM (France) ^ Chinese : 建屋发展局 ; pinyin : Jiànwū fāzhǎnjú ; Malay : Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan ; Tamil : வீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம் , romanized: Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam ^ Sources using the term "Housing Board" include: Ram Anand (2 February 2023). "Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB" . straitstimes.com . The Straits Times . Retrieved 28 January 2026 . Opposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition. Chew Hui Min (28 June 2023). "CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?" . channelnewsasia.com . CNA . Retrieved 28 January 2026 . The classification of Housing Board estates as "mature" or "non-mature" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future. Justin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025). "One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls" . channelnewasia.com . CNA . Retrieved 28 January 2026 . Last month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme. Sherlyn Sim (16 January 2026). "Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028" . straitstimes.com . The Straits Times . Retrieved 28 January 2026 . HDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts. ^ a b c Fernandez, Warren (2011). Our Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation . Straits Times Press. ISBN 9789814266741 . ^ "Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves" . Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022 . Retrieved 31 October 2022 . ^ a b Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). "Public housing and community development in Singapore" . Ekistics . 51 (307): 319– 327. JSTOR 43621881 . Archived from the original on 5 April 2022 . Retrieved 26 May 2021 . ^ "The Housing Problem" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021 . Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ "Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021 . Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ "2 new boards take over from the S.I.T" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021 . Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ "Govt. to spend $230 mil. on homes in next five years" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ "Coming: A housing record" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 6 July 1960. p. 7. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021 . Retrieved 19 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ a b c Loh, Kah Seng (2009). "5 The Politics of Fires in Post-1950s Singapore and the Making of the Modernist Nation-State" . In Aljunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin; Heng, Derek (eds.). Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism . Amsterdam University Press . pp. 89– 108. JSTOR j.ctt45kf1j.9 . Archived from the original on 3 June 2021 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 . ^ "The real beginning — 18 years ago" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 15 April 1984. p. 7. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ "Tan gets top urban renewal post" . New Nation . Singapore. 9 February 1974. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ a b Goh, Robbie B.H. (August 2001). "Ideologies of 'Upgrading' in Singapore Public Housing: Post-modern Style, Globalisation and Class Construction in the Built Environment" . Urban Studies . 38 (9): 1589– 1604. Bibcode : 2001UrbSt..38.1589G . doi : 10.1080/00420980120076821 . JSTOR 43196729 . S2CID 143688718 . Archived from the original on 5 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 . ^ Beatrice Weder Di Mauro (1 April 2018). Building a Cohesive Society: The Case of Singapore's Housing Policies (Report). Centre for International Governance Innovation . Archived from the original on 3 June 2021 . Retrieved 3 June 2021 . ^ a b c d e Teo, Siew Eng; Kong, Lily (March 1997). "Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s" . Urban Studies . 34 (3): 441– 452. Bibcode : 1997UrbSt..34..441S . doi : 10.1080/0042098976069 . JSTOR 43083375 . S2CID 154318656 . Archived from the original on 5 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 . ^ a b Cho, Im Sik; Nasution, Ivan; Lee, Jihye; Mascherenhas, Nina (Winter 2017). "Mechanisms for facilitating community participation in Singapore's neighbourhood-planning framework" . Journal of Architectural and Planning Research . 34 (4): 320– 335. JSTOR 44987240 . Archived from the original on 5 April 2022 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 . ^ Oei, Sin Geok (8 March 1984). "Dropped – The last HUDC project in exclusive area" . Singapore Monitor . Singapore. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 . Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ Chua, Chelsea (22 March 2001). "Get ready for the where-when-what flats" . Today . Singapore. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ Generalova, Elena; Generalov, Viktor (2014). "Social Issues: Designing High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience" . CTBUH Journal (4): 40– 45. JSTOR 24192834 . Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 . ^ Ng, Boon Yian (28 January 2003). "HDB at crossroads" . Today . Singapore. p. 1. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ Paulo, Derrick A (1 July 2003). "HDB record payout" . Today . Singapore. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 – via NewspaperSG. ^ a b "Annual Report 2019/2020" . hdb.gov.sg . Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 . ^ "Housing and Development Act" . sso.agc.gov.sg . Singapore Statutes Online. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021 . ^ "Annual Report 2019/2020" . hdb.gov.sg . Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 . ^ a b "Organisation Chart" . hdb.gov.sg . Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 . ^ "Corporate Governance" . hdb.gov.sg . Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 . ^ "Subsidiary and Associated Companies" . hdb.gov.sg . Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 . ^ "Housing & Development Board \| Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP)" . www.tafep.sg . Archived from the original on 8 March 2016 . Retrieved 8 March 2016 . ^ "Banker heads Housing, Development Board" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 16 February 1960. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b Sam, Jackie (18 October 1963). "3 NEW MINISTERS" . The Straits Times . Singapore. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ Loke, Peter (4 November 1966). "KIA GAN OUT" . Eastern Sun . Singapore . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "154 vacant flats at Tiong Bahru now offered for sale" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 10 March 1966. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "New Chairman Of Housing And Development Board" . Eastern Sun . Singapore. 31 January 1969 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "HDB gets a new chairman" . Singapore Herald . 2 April 1971. p. 4 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "New chief for housing board" . Eastern Sun . 2 April 1971. p. 2 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Di-lantek jadi pengerusi" . Berita Harian (in Malay). 5 April 1971. p. 12. OCLC 53812840 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "New chairman for Housing Board" . The Straits Times . 18 March 1975. p. 21. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Dilantik sebagai Pengerusi Lembaga Perumahan" [Appointed as Chairman of the Housing Board]. Berita Harian (in Malay). 19 March 1975. p. 8. OCLC 53812840 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Michael Fam to be MRT chairman" . The Business Times . 30 April 1983. p. 1. OCLC 464696647 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Owyang to be new HDB chairman" . The Straits Times . 29 July 1983. p. 12. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Hsuan Owyang retires as HDB chairman from Oct" . The Business Times . Singapore. 10 September 1998. OCLC 464696647 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "HDB chairman to retire next month" . The Straits Times . Singapore. 10 September 1998. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b Ng, Boon Yian (24 June 2003). "Aline is new HDB chief" . today . Singapore . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b "HDB GETS A NEW CHAIRMAN" . today . Singapore. 28 September 2007 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b Chew, Hui Min (30 September 2016). "HDB to get new chairman on Oct 1" . The Straits Times . Singapore. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 . ^ a b Koh, Sarah (22 November 2024). "HDB to get new chairman from April 1" . The Straits Times . Singapore. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 16 January 2025 . ^ "Five promoted to senior posts" . The Straits Times . 6 January 1961. p. 9. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ Ngoo, Irene (17 August 1983). "The late starter who made good" . The Straits Times . p. 8. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ Ang, Lilian (29 April 1989). "Cool, leisurely strolls under the trees" . The Business Times . p. 2. OCLC 464696647 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ Tay, Peck Gek (18 January 2026). "Liu Thai Ker – the architect who made Singapore better" . The Business Times . OCLC 464696647 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 . ^ "Ex-HDB chief posted to Finance Ministry" . The Straits Times . 23 January 1991. p. 21. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b "President's Scholar is HDB's new CEO" . The Straits Times . 16 December 1990. p. 2. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b "Moh Siew Meng HDB's new CEO" . The Straits Times . 27 October 1991. p. 3. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ a b "Environment Perm Sec to take over as HDB chief" . The Straits Times . 28 March 1995. p. 2. ISSN 0585-3923 . OCLC 8572659 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Peter Chan, Tan Guong Ching to switch jobs" . The Business Times . 16 September 2000. p. 8. OCLC 464696647 . Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via NewspaperSG . ^ "Niam Chiang Meng Retires from Administrative Service; NPTD and NCCS to Join Strategy Group, PMO" . National Climate Change Secretariat . 7 July 2016 . 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board) - [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#History) Toggle History subsection - [1\.1 Background and formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Background_and_formation) - [1\.2 The 1960s to 1980s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#The_1960s_to_1980s) - [1\.3 1990s to present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#1990s_to_present) - [2 Responsibilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Responsibilities) - [3 Organisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Organisation) - [4 Membership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Membership) Toggle Membership subsection - [4\.1 Chairmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Chairmen) - [4\.2 Chief executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#Chief_executives) - 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[Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Housing_and_Development_Board) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1934365 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Singaporean public housing statutory board \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png/120px-Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Housing_and_Development_Board_$logo$.png) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG/250px-HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HDB_Hub,_Aug_06.JPG) The [HDB Hub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDB_Hub "HDB Hub") at [Toa Payoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toa_Payoh "Toa Payoh"), headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore. \| \| \| Agency overview \| \| \| Formed \| 1 February 1960; 66 years ago (1960-02-01) \| \| Preceding agency \| [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust") \| \| Jurisdiction \| [Government of Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Singapore "Government of Singapore") \| \| Headquarters \| HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480 \| \| Agency executives \| [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe "Benny Lim Siang Hoe") [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365?uselang=en#P488 "Edit this on Wikidata") ([Chairperson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_$officer$ "Chair (officer)")) Tan Meng Dui [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365?uselang=en#P169 "Edit this on Wikidata") ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) \| \| Parent agency \| [Ministry of National Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Development_$Singapore$ "Ministry of National Development (Singapore)") \| \| Website \| [www.hdb.gov.sg](http://www.hdb.gov.sg/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| Agency ID \| T08GB0018F \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/JurongwestHDB.JPG/250px-JurongwestHDB.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JurongwestHDB.JPG) HDB flats in [Jurong West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurong_West "Jurong West") The Housing & Development Board[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-1) (HDB), often referred to as the Housing Board,[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Housing_Board-2) is a [statutory board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_boards_of_the_Singapore_Government "Statutory boards of the Singapore Government") under the [Ministry of National Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Development_$Singapore$ "Ministry of National Development (Singapore)") (MND) that is responsible for [public housing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing "Public housing") in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"). Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust")'s (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of [kampong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong#Singapore "Kampong") residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence. Focus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s, [town councils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_Council_$Singapore$ "Town Council (Singapore)") were established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) During the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) The HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began [solar panel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel "Solar panel") installations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or [brutalist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutalist_architecture "Brutalist architecture") styles toward improved [contemporary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_architecture "Contemporary architecture") aesthetics with improved amenities and facilities.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) The HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Singapore "Government of Singapore") with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the [past reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserves_of_the_Government_of_Singapore "Reserves of the Government of Singapore").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-4) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\] ### Background and formation \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Background and formation")\] By the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped [shophouses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shophouse "Shophouse").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) Moreover, the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust") (SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-6) In the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-7) These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the [Legislative Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Singapore "Legislative Assembly of Singapore") in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-8) ### The 1960s to 1980s \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: The 1960s to 1980s")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg/250px-Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Block_45_Stirling_Road,_Singapore.jpg) One of the [original HDB flats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45,_48_and_49_Stirling_Road "45, 48 and 49 Stirling Road") constructed in 1960, in July 2021. On the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme,[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-9) and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-10) The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in [Tiong Bahru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_Bahru "Tiong Bahru"), which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the [Bukit Ho Swee fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Ho_Swee_fire "Bukit Ho Swee fire") in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on [Bukit Ho Swee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Ho_Swee "Bukit Ho Swee")'s redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by [urban renewal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal "Urban renewal") projects and [kampong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong "Kampong") fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and kampong dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) The rehousing of kampong dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area,[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-12) so the [Urban Redevelopment Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Redevelopment_Authority "Urban Redevelopment Authority"), a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-13) With the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-15) The HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their [Central Provident Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Provident_Fund "Central Provident Fund") (CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17) In 1982, control over the [Housing and Urban Development Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Company_flats "Housing and Urban Development Company flats") (HUDC) was transferred to the HDB.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-18) With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) ### 1990s to present \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: 1990s to present")\] In a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Known as the [Main Upgrading Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Upgrading_Programme "Main Upgrading Programme"),[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the [Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_En_bloc_Redevelopment_Scheme "Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme") (SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Along with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them,[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-19) and the [Design, Build and Sell Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design,_Build_and_Sell_Scheme "Design, Build and Sell Scheme"), in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-20) Nevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks,[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-21) and corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-22) The HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the [Neighbourhood Renewal Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_Renewal_Programme "Neighbourhood Renewal Programme"), in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17) The HDB began installation of [solar panels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels "Solar panels") on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the [Economic Development Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Development_Board "Economic Development Board"), it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23) ## Responsibilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Responsibilities")\] Under the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-24) The HDB also carries out [land reclamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reclamation "Land reclamation") works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23) ## Organisation \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Organisation")\] The HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members,[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-25) along with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer,[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) who is a member of the board.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-27) Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) The HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-28) HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-29) ## Membership \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Membership")\] ### Chairmen \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Chairmen")\] \| Name \| Years served \| Notes \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| [Lim Kim San](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim_Kim_San "Lim Kim San") \| 1960–1963 \| [\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-30)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Sam-31) \| \| [Tan Kia Gan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kia_Gan "Tan Kia Gan") \| 1963–1966 \| [\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Sam-31)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-32) \| \| [Howe Yoon Chong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong "Howe Yoon Chong") \| 1966–1969 \| [\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-33)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-ES-34) \| \| [Pang Tee Pow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pang_Tee_Pow "Pang Tee Pow") \| 1969–1970 \| [\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:32-35)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:7-36) \| \| [Lee Hee Seng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Hee_Seng "Lee Hee Seng") \| 1971–1975 \| [\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-37)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:42-38) \| \| [Michael Fam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fam "Michael Fam") \| 1975–1983 \| [\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-39)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-40) \| \| [Hsuan Owyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsuan_Owyang "Hsuan Owyang") \| 1983–1998 \| [\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-41)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-42) \| \| [Ngiam Tong Dow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiam_Tong_Dow "Ngiam Tong Dow") \| 1998–2003 \| [\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-43)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Ng-44) \| \| [Aline Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aline_Wong "Aline Wong") \| 2003–2007 \| [\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Ng-44)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-today-45) \| \| [James Koh Cher Siang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Koh_Cher_Siang "James Koh Cher Siang") \| 2007–2016 \| [\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-today-45)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Chew-46) \| \| [Bobby Chin Yoke Choong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Chin_Yoke_Choong "Bobby Chin Yoke Choong") \| 2016–2023 \| [\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Chew-46)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Koh-47) \| \| [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe "Benny Lim Siang Hoe") \| 2023–present \| [\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Koh-47) \| ### Chief executives \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Chief executives")\] \| Name \| Years served \| Notes \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Howe Yoon Chong \| 1960–1970 \| [\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-48) \| \| [Teh Cheang Wan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teh_Cheang_Wan "Teh Cheang Wan") \| 1970–1979 \| [\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-49) \| \| [Liu Thai Ker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Thai_Ker "Liu Thai Ker") \| 1979–1989 \| [\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-51) \| \| Chuang Kwong Yong \| 1989–1990 \| [\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:11-53) \| \| [Lim Hng Kiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim_Hng_Kiang "Lim Hng Kiang") \| 1991 \| [\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:11-53)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:12-54) \| \| Moh Siew Meng \| 1991–1995 \| [\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:12-54)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:10-55) \| \| Tan Guong Ching \| 1995–2000 \| [\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:10-55)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-56) \| \| Niam Chiang Meng \| 2002–2005 \| [\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-58) \| \| [Lui Tuck Yew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui_Tuck_Yew "Lui Tuck Yew") \| 2005–2006 \| [\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-59)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-60) \| \| Tay Kim Poh \| 2006–2010 \| [\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:9-62) \| \| [Cheong Koon Hean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheong_Koon_Hean "Cheong Koon Hean") \| 2010–2020 \| [\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:9-62)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-63) \| \| Fong Chun Wah \| 2021 \| [\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:8-64) \| \| Tan Meng Dui \| 2021–present \| [\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:8-64) \| ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: See also")\] - [Public housing in Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing_in_Singapore "Public housing in Singapore") - [New towns of Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_of_Singapore "New towns of Singapore") - [Cash-Over-Valuation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash-Over-Valuation "Cash-Over-Valuation") - [HLM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLM "HLM") (France) ## Notes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Notes")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-1) [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 建屋发展局; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Jiànwū fāzhǎnjú; [Malay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language "Malay language"): Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan; [Tamil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language "Tamil language"): வீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம், romanized: Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Housing_Board_2-0) Sources using the term "Housing Board" include: - Ram Anand (2 February 2023). ["Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB"](https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-s-debate-over-housing-policy-exposes-racial-fault-lines-for-unity-government). straitstimes.com. [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. "Opposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition." - Chew Hui Min (28 June 2023). ["CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?"](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mature-estates-hdb-flats-classified-cna-explains-3581846). channelnewsasia.com. [CNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNA_$TV_network$ "CNA (TV network)"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. "The classification of Housing Board estates as "mature" or "non-mature" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future." - Justin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025). ["One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls"](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/home-improvement-programme-no-shows-threshold-tiong-bahru-hdb-5504416). channelnewasia.com. CNA. Retrieved 28 January 2026. "Last month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme." - Sherlyn Sim (16 January 2026). ["Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028"](https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/relaxed-rental-occupancy-cap-for-hdb-flats-private-properties-to-be-extended-to-2028). straitstimes.com. The Straits Times. Retrieved 28 January 2026. "HDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts." 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-2) Fernandez, Warren (2011). Our Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation. Straits Times Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9789814266741](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814266741 "Special:BookSources/9789814266741") . 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-4)* ["Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves"](https://www.gov.sg/article/factually141022-b). Government of Singapore. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173108/https://www.gov.sg/article/factually141022-b) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022. 4. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-1) Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). ["Public housing and community development in Singapore"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881). Ekistics. 51* (307): 319–327\. [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_$identifier$ "JSTOR (identifier)") [43621881](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220405033848/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881) from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-6) ["The Housing Problem"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1). [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210526030945/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1) from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-7) ["Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62). [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210508033433/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-8) ["2 new boards take over from the S.I.T"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82). The Straits Times. Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210508033430/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-9) ["Govt. to spend \$230 mil. on homes in next five years"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32). The Straits Times. Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212840/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32) from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-10) ["Coming: A housing record"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600706-1.2.78). The Straits Times. Singapore. 6 July 1960. p. 7. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210506190211/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600706-1.2.78) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:0_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:0_11-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:0_11-2) Loh, Kah Seng (2009). ["5 The Politics of Fires in Post-1950s Singapore and the Making of the Modernist Nation-State"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt45kf1j.9). In Aljunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin; Heng, Derek (eds.). Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-13) ["Tan gets top urban renewal post"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740209-1.2.14.8). New Nation. Singapore. 9 February 1974. p. 2. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213101/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740209-1.2.14.8) from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 13. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:3_14-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:3_14-1) Goh, Robbie B.H. (August 2001). ["Ideologies of 'Upgrading' in Singapore Public Housing: Post-modern Style, Globalisation and Class Construction in the Built Environment"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43196729). [Urban Studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Studies_$journal$ "Urban Studies (journal)"). 38* (9): 1589–1604\. 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[Centre for International Governance Innovation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_International_Governance_Innovation "Centre for International Governance Innovation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210603135350/https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17317) from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021. 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:2_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:2_16-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:2_16-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:2_16-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:2_16-4) Teo, Siew Eng; Kong, Lily (March 1997). ["Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43083375). Urban Studies. 34* (3): 441–452\. 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[The Business Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Business_Times_$Singapore$ "The Business Times (Singapore)"). 31 May 2006. p. 11. [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [464696647](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewspaperSG "NewspaperSG"). 61. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:9_62-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:9_62-1) Kalpana Rashiwala (15 June 2010). ["URA, HDB, NParks to get new CEOs"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes20100615-1.2.6.5). [The Business Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Business_Times_$Singapore$ "The Business Times (Singapore)"). p. 4. [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [464696647](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/464696647). Retrieved 26 January 2026 – via [NewspaperSG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewspaperSG "NewspaperSG"). 62. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-63)* "HDB and NEA appoint new chief executive officers". [Oman News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_News_Agency "Oman News Agency"). 30 November 2020. [Factiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factiva "Factiva") [OMANA00020201130egbu0005p](http://global.factiva.com/aa/?ref=OMANA00020201130egbu0005p) – via [Factiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factiva "Factiva"). 63. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:8_64-1) Ng, Michelle (1 December 2020). ["New chief executive appointments at HDB, NEA"](https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-chief-executive-appointments-at-hdb-nea-0). [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0585-3923](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0585-3923). [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [8572659](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8572659). Retrieved 26 January 2026. ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: External links")\] [Library resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library "Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library") about Housing and Development Board* * - [Resources in your library](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Housing+%26+Development+Board) - [Resources in other libraries](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Housing+%26+Development+Board&library=0CHOOSE0) By Housing and Development Board** - [Resources in your library](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Housing+%26+Development+Board) - [Resources in other libraries](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Housing+%26+Development+Board&library=0CHOOSE0) - [Official website](http://www.hdb.gov.sg/) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_housing_in_Singapore "Template:Public housing in Singapore") 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png/120px-Housing_and_Development_Board_%28logo%29.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Housing_and_Development_Board_$logo$.png) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG/250px-HDB_Hub%2C_Aug_06.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HDB_Hub,_Aug_06.JPG) The [HDB Hub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDB_Hub "HDB Hub") at [Toa Payoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toa_Payoh "Toa Payoh"), headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore. \| \| \| Agency overview \| \| \| Formed \| 1 February 1960; 66 years ago \| \| Preceding agency \| [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust") \| \| Jurisdiction \| [Government of Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Singapore "Government of Singapore") \| \| Headquarters \| HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480 \| \| Agency executives \| [Benny Lim Siang Hoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Lim_Siang_Hoe "Benny Lim Siang Hoe") [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365?uselang=en#P488 "Edit this on Wikidata") ([Chairperson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_$officer$ "Chair (officer)")) Tan Meng Dui [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365?uselang=en#P169 "Edit this on Wikidata") ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) \| \| Parent agency \| [Ministry of National Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Development_$Singapore$ "Ministry of National Development (Singapore)") \| \| Website \| [www.hdb.gov.sg](http://www.hdb.gov.sg/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934365#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| Agency ID \| T08GB0018F \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/JurongwestHDB.JPG/250px-JurongwestHDB.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JurongwestHDB.JPG) HDB flats in [Jurong West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurong_West "Jurong West") The Housing & Development Board[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-1) (HDB), often referred to as the Housing Board,[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-Housing_Board-2) is a [statutory board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_boards_of_the_Singapore_Government "Statutory boards of the Singapore Government") under the [Ministry of National Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Development_$Singapore$ "Ministry of National Development (Singapore)") (MND) that is responsible for [public housing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing "Public housing") in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"). Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust")'s (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of [kampong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong#Singapore "Kampong") residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence. Focus shifted in the late 1960s as the HDB began building flats with better fittings and offering them for sale. Starting in the 1970s, the board initiated efforts to improve community cohesion and solicit resident feedback. In the late 1980s, [town councils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_Council_$Singapore$ "Town Council (Singapore)") were established to manage common property and oversee day to day maintenance.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) During the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced redevelopment schemes for mature estates along with new housing types designed for various income groups in partnership with private developers.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) The HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit the housing market. Resident engagement regarding upgrading schemes increased throughout the 2000s and 2010s, and the board began [solar panel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel "Solar panel") installations in the early 2010s. Since the turn of the century, HDB designs have moved away from simple or [brutalist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutalist_architecture "Brutalist architecture") styles toward improved [contemporary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_architecture "Contemporary architecture") aesthetics with improved amenities and facilities.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-HDBHAN-3) The HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB also handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles. It is also a major purchaser of state land from the [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Singapore "Government of Singapore") with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the [past reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserves_of_the_Government_of_Singapore "Reserves of the Government of Singapore").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-4) ### Background and formation \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_and_Development_Board&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Background and formation")\] By the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped [shophouses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shophouse "Shophouse").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) Moreover, the [Singapore Improvement Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Improvement_Trust "Singapore Improvement Trust") (SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-6) In the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-7) These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the [Legislative Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Singapore "Legislative Assembly of Singapore") in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-8) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg/250px-Block_45_Stirling_Road%2C_Singapore.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Block_45_Stirling_Road,_Singapore.jpg) One of the [original HDB flats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45,_48_and_49_Stirling_Road "45, 48 and 49 Stirling Road") constructed in 1960, in July 2021. On the Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme,[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-9) and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-10) The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in building emergency flats in [Tiong Bahru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_Bahru "Tiong Bahru"), which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the [Bukit Ho Swee fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Ho_Swee_fire "Bukit Ho Swee fire") in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on [Bukit Ho Swee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Ho_Swee "Bukit Ho Swee")'s redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by [urban renewal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal "Urban renewal") projects and [kampong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong "Kampong") fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and kampong dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) The rehousing of kampong dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the Central Area,[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-12) so the [Urban Redevelopment Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Redevelopment_Authority "Urban Redevelopment Authority"), a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-13) With the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:0-11) Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place of racially divided ones.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-15) The HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their [Central Provident Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Provident_Fund "Central Provident Fund") (CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:1-5) From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17) In 1982, control over the [Housing and Urban Development Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Company_flats "Housing and Urban Development Company flats") (HUDC) was transferred to the HDB.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-18) With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) In a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Known as the [Main Upgrading Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Upgrading_Programme "Main Upgrading Programme"),[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:3-14) it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the [Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_En_bloc_Redevelopment_Scheme "Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme") (SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Along with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with amenities similar to private housing.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:2-16) Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them,[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-19) and the [Design, Build and Sell Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design,_Build_and_Sell_Scheme "Design, Build and Sell Scheme"), in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-20) Nevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks,[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-21) and corporatising its Building and Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-22) The HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the [Neighbourhood Renewal Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_Renewal_Programme "Neighbourhood Renewal Programme"), in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:4-17) The HDB began installation of [solar panels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels "Solar panels") on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the [Economic Development Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Development_Board "Economic Development Board"), it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23) Under the Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-24) The HDB also carries out [land reclamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reclamation "Land reclamation") works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:6-23) The HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members,[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-25) along with three departments, the Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer,[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) who is a member of the board.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-27) Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning, Development and Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-:5-26) The HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-28) HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_note-29) - [Public housing in Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing_in_Singapore "Public housing in Singapore") - [New towns of Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_of_Singapore "New towns of Singapore") - [Cash-Over-Valuation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash-Over-Valuation "Cash-Over-Valuation") - [HLM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLM "HLM") (France) 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-1) [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 建屋发展局; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Jiànwū fāzhǎnjú; [Malay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language "Malay language"): Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan; [Tamil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language "Tamil language"): வீடமைப்பு வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம், romanized: Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-Housing_Board_2-0) Sources using the term "Housing Board" include: - Ram Anand (2 February 2023). ["Malaysia's housing debate takes racial turn after government plan to consult Singapore's HDB"](https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-s-debate-over-housing-policy-exposes-racial-fault-lines-for-unity-government). straitstimes.com. [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. "Opposition politicians in Malaysia have pulled the race card over the government's decision to consult Singapore's Housing Board on building affordable housing, highlighting the tightrope Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is walking as he faces an almost entirely Malay-Muslim opposition." - Chew Hui Min (28 June 2023). ["CNA Explains: Are the lines between mature and non-mature HDB estates blurring?"](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mature-estates-hdb-flats-classified-cna-explains-3581846). channelnewsasia.com. [CNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNA_$TV_network$ "CNA (TV network)"). Retrieved 28 January 2026. "The classification of Housing Board estates as "mature" or "non-mature" is pretty much taken for granted now, but it has not always been the case and may not be in the future." - Justin Ong Guang-Xi (2 December 2025). ["One vote short: The high stakes and relentless push to prevent no-shows in HDB block upgrading polls"](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/home-improvement-programme-no-shows-threshold-tiong-bahru-hdb-5504416). channelnewasia.com. CNA. Retrieved 28 January 2026. "Last month, two Housing Board blocks in Tiong Bahru's Seng Poh estate fell short of the 75 per cent polling requirement to qualify for the heavily subsidised public housing upgrading scheme." - Sherlyn Sim (16 January 2026). ["Relaxed rental occupancy cap for HDB flats, private properties to be extended to 2028"](https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/relaxed-rental-occupancy-cap-for-hdb-flats-private-properties-to-be-extended-to-2028). straitstimes.com. The Straits Times. Retrieved 28 January 2026. "HDB flat owners, as well as HDB commercial property owners and tenants, have to seek the Housing Board approval before a tenancy starts." 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-HDBHAN_3-2) Fernandez, Warren (2011). Our Homes: 50 years of Housing a Nation. Straits Times Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9789814266741](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814266741 "Special:BookSources/9789814266741") . 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-4)* ["Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves"](https://www.gov.sg/article/factually141022-b). Government of Singapore. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173108/https://www.gov.sg/article/factually141022-b) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022. 4. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-:1_5-1) Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). ["Public housing and community development in Singapore"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881). Ekistics. 51* (307): 319–327\. [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_$identifier$ "JSTOR (identifier)") [43621881](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220405033848/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43621881) from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-6) ["The Housing Problem"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1). [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210526030945/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580912-1.2.105.1) from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-7) ["Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62). [The Straits Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times "The Straits Times"). Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210508033433/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19560612-1.2.62) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-8) ["2 new boards take over from the S.I.T"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82). The Straits Times. Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210508033430/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600201-1.2.82) from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Development_Board#cite_ref-9) ["Govt. to spend \$230 mil. on homes in next five years"](https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32). The Straits Times. Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212840/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19600810-1.2.32) from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021 – via NewspaperSG. 9. 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