🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa104)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival","crawl_time":1774523620,"first_indexed_time":1434605882,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Dragon Boat Festival - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Dragon Boat Festival\nDragon Boat Festival\n(18th century)\nObserved by\nChinese\nType\nCultural\nObservances\nDragon boat racing, consumption of\nrealgar wine\nand\nzongzi\nDate\nFifth day of the fifth month of the\nChinese lunisolar calendar\n2025 date\n31 May\n2026 date\n19 June\n2027 date\n9 June\n2028 date\n28 May\nFrequency\nAnnual\nRelated to\nTango no sekku\n,\nDano\n,\nTết Đoan Ngọ\n,\nYukka Nu Hii\nDragon Boat Festival\nUNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage\nCountry\nChina\nReference\n225\nRegion\nAsia and the Pacific\nInscription history\nInscription\n2009 (4th session)\nList\nRepresentative\nUNESCO Cultural Heritage\nGangneung Danoje Festival\nUNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage\nCountry\nKorea\nReference\n114\nRegion\nAsia and the Pacific\nInscription history\nInscription\n2008\nChinese name\nSimplified Chinese\n端午节\nTraditional Chinese\n端午節\nLiteral meaning\nMidyear festival\nTranscriptions\nStandard Mandarin\nHanyu Pinyin\nDuānwǔ jié\nWade–Giles\nTuan\n1\n-wu\n3\nchieh\n2\nIPA\n[twán.ù tɕjě]\nYue: Cantonese\nYale Romanization\nDyūn ńgh jit\nJyutping\nDyun\n1\nNg\n5\nZit\n3\nIPA\n[tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧]\nSouthern Min\nHokkien\nPOJ\nToan-ngó͘-cheh\nToan-ngó͘-choeh\nToan-ngó͘-chiat\nDragon Boat Festival\nSimplified Chinese\n龙船节 \/ 龙舟节\nTraditional Chinese\n龍船節 \/ 龍舟節\nTranscriptions\nStandard Mandarin\nHanyu Pinyin\nLóngchuánjié \/ Lóngzhōujié\nWade–Giles\nLung\n2\n-chʻuan\n2\n-chieh\n2\n\/ Lung\n2\n-chou\n1\n-chieh\n2\nIPA\n[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě]\n\/\n[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě]\nDouble Fifth Festival\nFifth Month Festival\nFifth Day Festival\nSimplified Chinese\n重五节\n\/\n双五节\nTraditional Chinese\n重五節\n\/\n雙五節\n五月節\n五日節\nTranscriptions\nSouthern Min\nHokkien\nPOJ\nGō͘-go̍eh-cheh \/ Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh\nGō͘-ji̍t-cheh \/ Gō͘-li̍t-choeh\nDumpling Festival\nSimplified Chinese\n肉粽节\nTraditional Chinese\n肉糭節\nLiteral meaning\nMeat\nzongzi\nfestival\nTranscriptions\nSouthern Min\nHokkien\nPOJ\nBah-chàng-cheh \/ Bah-chàng-choeh\nPortuguese name\nPortuguese\nFestividade do Barco-Dragão\nThe\nDragon Boat Festival\n(\ntraditional Chinese\n:\n端午節\n;\nsimplified Chinese\n:\n端午节\n;\npinyin\n:\nDuānwǔ jié\n;\nCantonese Yale\n:\nDyūnńgh jit\n[\na\n]\n), also known as the\nTuen Ng Festival\nin Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the\nChinese calendar\n, which corresponds to late May or early June in the\nGregorian calendar\n. The holiday commemorates\nQu Yuan\nwho was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese\nstate of Chu\nduring the\nWarring States period\n, about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding\ndragon boat races\nand eating sticky rice dumplings called\nzongzi\n, which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat.\nIn September 2009,\nUNESCO\nofficially approved the holiday's inclusion in the\nRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\n, becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected.\n[\n5\n]\n[\n6\n]\nOther than \"Dragon Boat Festival\",\n[\n7\n]\nused as the official English translation of the holiday by the\nPeople's Republic of China\n.\n[\n8\n]\n, and \"Tuen Ng Festival\", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as\nDouble Fifth Festival\nwhich alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar.\n[\n9\n]\nThe Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different\nChinese languages\n.\nDuanwu\n(\n端午\n) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first \"fifth day\" of the month according to the\nChinese zodiac\n.\n[\n10\n]\n[\nb\n]\nHowever, despite the literal meaning referring to the\nEarthly Branches\n, this character has also become associated with\nwǔ\n(\n五\n;\nwu\n3\n; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence\nDuanwu\n, the festival on \"the fifth day of the fifth month\".\n[\n13\n]\nThe fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nTo get rid of the misfortune, people would put\ncalamus\n,\nArtemisia\n, and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nThese were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords).\n[\n15\n]\nVenomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions;\n[\n16\n]\npeople also supposedly get sick easily after this day.\n[\n15\n]\nTherefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck.\n[\n15\n]\nFor example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider\n[\n15\n]\n) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children.\n[\n17\n]\nBig ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck.\n17th century depiction of\nQu Yuan\nThe story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister\nQu Yuan\n(\nc.\n 340\n–278 BC) of the\nancient state\nof\nChu\nduring the\nWarring States period\nof the\nZhou dynasty\n.\n[\n18\n]\nA cadet member of the\nChu royal house\n, Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of\nQin\n, Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason.\n[\n18\n]\nDuring his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of\npoetry\n. Eventually, Qin captured\nYing\n, the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan\ncommitted suicide\nby drowning himself in the\nMiluo River\n.\n[\n14\n]\nIt is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nThis is said to have been the origin of\ndragon boat races\n.\n[\n15\n]\nWhen his body could not be found, they dropped balls of\nsticky rice\ninto the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of\nzongzi\n.\n[\n18\n]\nDuring the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of\nChinese nationalism\nin the People's Republic of China after the 1949\nCommunist victory in the Chinese Civil War\n. The historian and writer\nGuo Moruo\nwas influential in shaping this view of Qu.\n[\n19\n]\nAnother origin story says that the festival commemorates\nWu Zixu\n(died 484 BC), a statesman of the\nKingdom of Wu\n.\n[\n14\n]\nKing\nGoujian\nof the\nstate of Yue\nsends\nXi Shi\n, a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King\nFuchai\nfrom state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as\nSuzhou\n, Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival.\nThe front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the\nCao'e River\nin\nShangyu\n, Zhejiang\nAlthough Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast\nJiangsu\nand Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern\nZhejiang\n, including the cities of\nShaoxing\n,\nNingbo\nand\nZhoushan\n, celebrates the memory of the young girl\nCao E\n(130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu (\n曹盱\n) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at\nShangyu\n. In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the\nShun River\n. Cao E, in an act of\nfilial piety\n, searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in\nShangyu\ndedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor.\n[\n20\n]\nDragon boat\nraces at\nDajia Riverside Park\nin\nTaipei\nCao E is depicted in the\nWu Shuang Pu\n(\"Table of Peerless Heroes\") by Jin Guliang.\nPre-existing holiday\n[\nedit\n]\nSome modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by\nConfucian\nscholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty.\n[\n21\n]\nThe stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in\nSima Qian\n's\nShiji\n, completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters.\nAccording to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and\nrice growing\nin southern China.\n[\n15\n]\n[\n22\n]\n[\n23\n]\nAs recently as 1952 the American sociologist\nWolfram Eberhard\nwrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north.\n[\n22\n]\nAnother theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from\ndragon worship\n.\n[\n15\n]\nThis theory was advanced by\nWen Yiduo\n. Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and\nzongzi\n. The food may have originally represented an offering to the\ndragon king\n, while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active\nyang\nenergy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats.\nAnother suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in\nancient Korea\n, mountain gods (see\nDano\n). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday.\nIn the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous\/Venomous Insects (\ntraditional Chinese\n:\n毒蟲節\n;\nsimplified Chinese\n:\n毒虫节\n;\npinyin\n:\nDúchóng jié\n;\nWade–Giles\n:\nTu\n2\n-chʻung\n2\n-chieh\n2\n).\nYu Der Ling\nwrites in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir\nTwo Years in the Forbidden City\n:\nThe first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival.\n \n... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing.\n[\n24\n]\nIn 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a\nnational public holiday in China\n.\n[\n25\n]\nDragon boat race\nby Li Zhaodao (675–758)\nThe festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and\nTaiwan\n. The\nPeople's Republic of China's government\nestablished in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture.\n[\n26\n]\n[\n27\n]\nThe Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the\nChinese communities\nof Southeast Asia, including\nSingapore\nand\nMalaysia\n. In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors.\n[\n28\n]\nEquivalent and related official festivals include the Korean\nDano\n,\n[\n29\n]\nJapanese\nTango no sekku\n,\n[\n30\n]\nand Vietnamese\nTết Đoan Ngọ\n.\n[\n30\n]\nPractices and activities\n[\nedit\n]\nSection of\nDragon Boat Regatta\nby\nWang Zhenpeng\n(fl. 1275–1330)\nThree of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing)\nzongzi\n, drinking\nrealgar wine\n, and racing\ndragon boats\n.\n[\n31\n]\nDragon boat racing\nhas a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu.\n[\n14\n]\nHe was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king.\n[\n14\n]\nOut of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River.\n[\n14\n]\nThe common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed.\n[\n14\n]\nIn commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nThey also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of\nzongzi\n.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nRed Bean Rice Dumpling\nZongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)\n[\nedit\n]\nA notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping\nglutinous rice\nand fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape.\n[\n14\n]\nThe leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions.\n[\n14\n]\nNorthern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste,\n[\n15\n]\njujube,\n[\n14\n]\nand nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nZongzi\nappeared before the\nSpring and Autumn period\nand were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine\nyizhiren\n(\nAlpinia oxyphylla\n) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called\nyizhi zong\n.\n[\n32\n]\n'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu,\nZhejiang\nand\nHuangshan\narea have the custom to eat \"five yellow\", which refers to five different foods with \"yellow\" in names.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nRealgar wine\nor Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered\nrealgar\n, a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral.\n[\n14\n]\nIt was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n23\n]\nOn the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures.\n[\n33\n]\n5-colored silk-threaded braid\n[\nedit\n]\nIn some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the\nfive elements\n) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.\n[\n15\n]\nPeople believe that this will help keep evil away.\n[\n15\n]\nOther common activities include hanging up icons of\nZhong Kui\n(a mythic guardian figure), hanging\nmugwort\nand\ncalamus\n, taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags.\n[\n34\n]\n[\n14\n]\nOther traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this \"game\" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing\nspells\n. All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being.\nIn the early years of the\nRepublic of China\n, Duanwu was celebrated as the \"Poets' Day\" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition,\nbalancing an egg\non Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year.\n[\n35\n]\nThe sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the\nChinese dragon\n, traditionally represents\nmasculine energy\n, whereas the moon, like the\nphoenix\n, traditionally represents\nfeminine energy\n. The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival.\n[\n36\n]\nHari\nin\nTomigusuku\n,\nOkinawa\n, Japan\nA dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008\nEgg balancing in\nTangerang\n, Indonesia\nTaiwan's president\nMa Ying-jeou\nvisiting\nLiang Island\nbefore the Dragon Boat Festival (2010)\nThe sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\"\n(\n恭祝總統端節愉快\n)\nBon Om Touk\nTraditional Chinese holidays\n^\nIn\nCantonese\n, it is\nromanized\nas\nTuen\n1\nNg\n5\nJit\n3\nin Hong Kong and\nTung\n1\nNg\n5\nJit\n3\nin\nMacau\n, hence the name \"Tuen Ng Festival\" used in\nHong Kong\n,\n[\n1\n]\nand\nTun Ng\n(\nFestividade do Barco-Dragão\nin\nPortuguese\n) in Macau.\n[\n2\n]\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\n^\nAlso suggested to mean \"Beginning of Noon\",\n[\n11\n]\nor \"High Noon Festival\",\n[\n12\n]\nsince \"horse\" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day.\n^\nGovHK. \"\nGeneral holidays for 2014\n\". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n^\nMacau Government Tourist Office. \"\nCalendar of Events\n\". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n^\nSpecial Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. \"\nOrdem Executiva #60\/2000\n\". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n(in Portuguese)\n^\nSpecial Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《\n第60\/2000號行政命令\n》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n(in Chinese)\n^\n\"Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage\"\n. UNESCO. September 2009\n. Retrieved\n22 June\n2023\n.\n^\n\"端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日\"\n.\nWeixin Official Accounts Platform\n. Retrieved\n22 June\n2023\n.\n^\nChittick (2011)\n, p. 1.\n^\nChinese Government's Official Web Portal. \"\nHolidays\nArchived\nMay 2, 2012, at the\nWayback Machine\n\". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n^\n\"\nDouble Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival\nArchived\nMay 6, 2008, at the\nWayback Machine\n\".\n^\nInahata, Kōichirō\n[in Japanese]\n(2007).\nTango\n端午 (たんご)\n.\n世界大百科事典\n(revised, new ed.). Heibonsha.\nvia Japanknowledge.\n^\nLowe (1983)\n, p. 141.\n^\n\"Dragon Boat Festival\"\n.\nTaiwan Today\n. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967.\n^\nChen, Sanping (January–March 2016). \"Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?\".\nJournal of the American Oriental Society\n.\n136\n(1):\n30–\n31.\ndoi\n:\n10.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117\n.\nJSTOR\n \n10.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\nh\ni\nj\nk\nl\nm\nn\no\np\nq\nr\nWei, Liming (2010).\nChinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals\n(Second ed.). Beijing. pp. \n36–\n43.\nISBN\n \n9787508516936\n.\n{{\ncite book\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (\nlink\n)\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\nh\ni\nj\nk\nl\nm\nn\no\np\nStepanchuk, Carol (1991).\nMooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China\n. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. \n41–\n50.\nISBN\n \n0-8351-2481-9\n.\n^\n\"zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。\"\n[en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.].\ntaiwan.cri.cn\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2025\n.\n^\nLiu, L. (2011).\n'Beijing Review' Color Photographs\n. vol. 54, issue 23. pp. \n42–\n43.\n{{\ncite book\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: location (\nlink\n) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (\nlink\n)\n^\na\nb\nc\nSCMP\n.\"\nEarthquake and floods make for the muted festival.\nRetrieved on 9 June 2008.\nArchived\n25 June 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n^\nZikpi, Monica E M (2014).\n\"Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan\"\n.\nChinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews\n.\n36\n:\n175–\n200.\nISSN\n \n0161-9705\n.\nJSTOR\n \n43490204\n. Retrieved\n11 March\n2023\n.\n^\n\"The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 April 2017.\n^\n\"The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival\"\n.\nSmithsonian\n. 14 May 2009.\n^\na\nb\nEberhard, Wolfram (1952). \"The dragon-boat festival\".\nChinese Festivals\n. New York: H. Wolff. pp. \n69–\n96.\n^\na\nb\n\"Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded\"\n.\nwww.chinadaily.com.cn\n. Retrieved\n11 March\n2023\n.\n^\nYü, Der Ling (1911).\nTwo Years in the Forbidden City\n. T. F. Unwin.\nProject Gutenberg\n^\n\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"\n.\nwww.chinadaily.com.cn\n. 14 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n11 March\n2023\n.\n^\nPeople's Daily. \"\nPeopledaily\n.\"\nChina to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture.\nRetrieved on 9 June 2008.\n^\nXinhua Net. \"\nFirst day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition\nArchived\n2013-12-22 at the\nWayback Machine\n.\" Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.\n^\n\"粽子飘香传情意 黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安\"\n.\nLianhe Zaobao\n(in Chinese).\nSingapore\n. 31 May 2025.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 31 May 2025\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races\"\n.\nChina Heritage Quarterly\n. September 2007.\n^\na\nb\nNussbaum, Louis Frédéric\net al\n(2005). \"Tango no Sekku\" in\nJapan Encyclopedia\n, pp. 948.\n, p. 948, at\nGoogle Books\n^\n\"Dragon Boat Festival\"\n.\nChina Internet Information Center\n. Retrieved 12 June 2013.\n^\nYuan, He (2015).\n\"Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi\"\n.\nJournal of Nanning Polytechnic\n.\n[\npermanent dead link\n]\n^\nHuang, Shaorong (December 1991).\n\"Chinese Traditional Festivals\"\n.\nThe Journal of Popular Culture\n.\n25\n(3):\n163–\n180.\ndoi\n:\n10.1111\/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x\n. Retrieved\n28 March\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"\n.\nchinadailyhk\n.\n^\nHuang, Ottavia.\nHmmm, This Is What I Think\n: \"\nDragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg\n\". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n^\nChan, Arlene\n& al.\nPaddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada\n,\np. 27\n. Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009.\nISBN\n \n978-1-55488-395-0\n. Retrieved 1 June 2011.\nChittick, Andrew (2011). \"The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing\".\nJournal of Song-Yuan Studies\n.\n2011\n(41):\n1–\n28.\ndoi\n:\n10.1353\/sys.2011.0025\n.\nJSTOR\n \n23496206\n.\nS2CID\n \n162282148\n.\nLowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) [1983].\n\"The Dragon Boat Festival\"\n.\nThe Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man\n. Translated by\nBodde, Derk\n. Princeton University Press. pp. \n141–\n148.\ndoi\n:\n10.2307\/j.ctt7ztjmr.20\n.\nISBN\n \n9781400855896\n.\nJSTOR\n \nj.ctt7ztjmr.20\n.\nMedia related to\nDuanwu Festival\nat Wikimedia Commons","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival)\n- [1 Names](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Names)\n- [2 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [2\\.1 Origin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Origin)\n  - [2\\.2 Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Qu_Yuan)\n  - [2\\.3 Wu Zixu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Wu_Zixu)\n  - [2\\.4 Cao E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Cao_E)\n  - [2\\.5 Pre-existing holiday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Pre-existing_holiday)\n  - [2\\.6 Early 20th century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Early_20th_century)\n  - [2\\.7 21st century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#21st_century)\n- [3 Public holiday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Public_holiday)\n- [4 Practices and activities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Practices_and_activities)\n  Toggle Practices and activities subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Dragon boat racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Dragon_boat_racing)\n  - [4\\.2 Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Zongzi_\\(traditional_Chinese_rice_dumplings\\))\n  - [4\\.3 Food related to 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Food_related_to_5)\n  - [4\\.4 Realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Realgar_wine)\n  - [4\\.5 5-colored silk-threaded braid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#5-colored_silk-threaded_braid)\n- [5 Gallery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Gallery)\n- [6 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#See_also)\n- [7 Explanatory notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Explanatory_notes)\n- [8 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#References)\n  Toggle References subsection\n  - [8\\.1 Citations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Citations)\n  - [8\\.2 Bibliography](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Bibliography)\n- [9 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Dragon Boat Festival\n45 languages\n\n- [Afrikaans](https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drakebootfees \"Drakebootfees – Afrikaans\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86 \"مهرجان قوارب التنين – Arabic\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA \"Свята драконавых лодак – Belarusian\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8 \"Празник на драконовите лодки – Bulgarian\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_del_Vaixell_del_Drac \"Festival del Vaixell del Drac – Catalan\")\n- [閩東語 \/ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https:\/\/cdo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ng%C3%B4-ngu%C5%8Fk-c%C3%A1ik \"Ngô-nguŏk-cáik – Mindong\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_dra%C4%8D%C3%ADch_lod%C3%AD \"Festival dračích lodí – Czech\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drachenbootfest \"Drachenbootfest – German\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiesta_del_Barco_del_Drag%C3%B3n \"Fiesta del Barco del Dragón – Spanish\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7 \"جشنواره قایق اژدها – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lohik%C3%A4%C3%A4rmeveneiden_juhla \"Lohikäärmeveneiden juhla – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_des_bateaux-dragons \"Festival des bateaux-dragons – French\")\n- [客家語 \/ Hak-kâ-ngî](https:\/\/hak.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%83g-ngie%CC%8Dt-chiet \"Ńg-ngie̍t-chiet – Hakka Chinese\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%97%D7%92_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F \"חג סירות הדרקון – Hebrew\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6 \"Վիշապանավակների տոն – Armenian\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peh_Cun \"Peh Cun – Indonesian\")\n- [Íslenska](https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drekab%C3%A1tah%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0in \"Drekabátahátíðin – Icelandic\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festa_delle_barche_drago \"Festa delle barche drago – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88 \"端午 – Japanese\")\n- [ქართული](https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98 \"დრაკონის ნავების ფესტივალი – Georgian\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%8B%A8%EC%98%A4 \"단오 – Korean\")\n- [Lietuvių](https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drakono_val%C4%8Di%C5%B3_%C5%A1vent%C4%97 \"Drakono valčių šventė – Lithuanian\")\n- [मैथिली](https:\/\/mai.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5 \"ड्रैगन बोट महोत्सव – Maithili\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_Perahu_Naga \"Festival Perahu Naga – Malay\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drakenbootfeest \"Drakenbootfeest – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duanwu \"Duanwu – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Smoczych_%C5%81odzi \"Święto Smoczych Łodzi – Polish\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_do_Barco-drag%C3%A3o \"Festival do Barco-dragão – Portuguese\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA \"Праздник драконьих лодок – Russian\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Dragon Boat Festival – Simple English\")\n- [Slovenčina](https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festival_dra%C4%8D%C3%ADch_lod%C3%AD \"Festival dračích lodí – Slovak\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Фестивал змајевих чамаца – Serbian\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drakb%C3%A5tsfesten \"Drakbåtsfesten – Swedish\")\n- [Sakizaya](https:\/\/szy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/pisapa%E2%80%99cangan_a_kungku. \"pisapa’cangan a kungku. – Sakizaya\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87 \"เทศกาลไหว้บ๊ะจ่าง – Thai\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ejderha_Teknesi_Festivali \"Ejderha Teknesi Festivali – Turkish\")\n- [ئۇيغۇرچە \/ Uyghurche](https:\/\/ug.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89 \"ئەجدىرھا قولۋاق بايرىمى – Uyghur\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2-%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2 \"Свято човнів-драконів – Ukrainian\")\n- [Oʻzbekcha \/ ўзбекча](https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_festivali \"Dragon Boat festivali – Uzbek\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_ng%E1%BB%8D \"Tết Đoan ngọ – Vietnamese\")\n- [吴语](https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82 \"端午节 – Wu\")\n- [文言](https:\/\/zh-classical.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88 \"端午 – Literary Chinese\")\n- [閩南語 \/ Bân-lâm-gí](https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C5%8D%CD%98-ji%CC%8Dt-cheh \"Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh – Minnan\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80 \"端午節 – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82 \"端午节 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1254268#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Dragon_Boat_Festival \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&oldid=1341522553 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dragon_Boat_Festival&id=1341522553&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDragon_Boat_Festival)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Duanwu_Festival)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1254268 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nChinese holiday\n\nFor dragon boating as a sport, see [Dragon boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\"). For the Cambodian festival with dragon boat races, see [Bon Om Touk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bon_Om_Touk \"Bon Om Touk\"). For similar holidays, see [Double Fifth Festival (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Double_Fifth_Festival_\\(disambiguation\\) \"Double Fifth Festival (disambiguation)\").\n\n| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg\/250px-Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)*Dragon Boat Festival* (18th century) |   |\n| Observed by | Chinese |\n| Type | Cultural |\n| Observances | Dragon boat racing, consumption of [realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\") and *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")* |\n| Date | Fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_lunisolar_calendar \"Chinese lunisolar calendar\") |\n| 2025 date | 31 May |\n| 2026 date | 19 June |\n| 2027 date | 9 June |\n| 2028 date | 28 May |\n| Frequency | Annual |\n| Related to | [Tango no sekku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_no_sekku \"Tango no sekku\"), [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\"), [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D \"Tết Đoan Ngọ\"), [Yukka Nu Hii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yukka_Nu_Hii \"Yukka Nu Hii\") |\n\n| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\")** |   |\n| Country | [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\") |\n| Reference | [225](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/00225) |\n| Region | [Asia and the Pacific](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity\/APA \"Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\/APA\") |\n| Inscription history |   |\n| Inscription | 2009 (4th session) |\n| [List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\") | Representative |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3e\/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg\/120px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg)   UNESCO Cultural Heritage |   |\n\n| Gangneung Danoje Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\")** |   |\n| Country | [Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea \"Korea\") |\n| Reference | [114](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/00114) |\n| Region | [Asia and the Pacific](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity\/APA \"Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\/APA\") |\n| Inscription history |   |\n| Inscription | 2008 |\n\n| Chinese name |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 端午节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 端午節 |\n| Literal meaning | Midyear festival |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Standard Mandarin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese \"Standard Chinese\") |   |\n| [Hanyu Pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanyu_Pinyin \"Hanyu Pinyin\") | Duānwǔ jié |\n| [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\") | Tuan1\\-wu3 chieh2 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") | [\\[twán.ù tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") |\n| [Yue: Cantonese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantonese \"Cantonese\") |   |\n| [Yale Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese \"Yale romanization of Cantonese\") | Dyūn ńgh jit |\n| [Jyutping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jyutping \"Jyutping\") | Dyun1 Ng5 Zit3 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Cantonese \"Help:IPA\/Cantonese\") | [\\[tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Cantonese \"Help:IPA\/Cantonese\") |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Toan-ngó͘-cheh Toan-ngó͘-choeh Toan-ngó͘-chiat |\n| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 龙船节 \/ 龙舟节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 龍船節 \/ 龍舟節 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Standard Mandarin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese \"Standard Chinese\") |   |\n| [Hanyu Pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanyu_Pinyin \"Hanyu Pinyin\") | Lóngchuánjié \/ Lóngzhōujié |\n| [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\") | Lung2\\-chʻuan2\\-chieh2 \/ Lung2\\-chou1\\-chieh2 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") | [\\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") \/ [\\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") |\n| Double Fifth Festival Fifth Month Festival Fifth Day Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 重五节 \/ 双五节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 重五節 \/ 雙五節 五月節 五日節 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Gō͘-go̍eh-cheh \/ Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh \/ Gō͘-li̍t-choeh |\n| Dumpling Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 肉粽节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 肉糭節 |\n| Literal meaning | Meat *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")* festival |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Bah-chàng-cheh \/ Bah-chàng-choeh |\n| Portuguese name |   |\n| [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\") | *Festividade do Barco-Dragão* |\n\nThe **Dragon Boat Festival** ([traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\"): 端午節; [simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 端午节; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Duānwǔ jié*; [Cantonese Yale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese \"Yale romanization of Cantonese\"): *Dyūnńgh jit*[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-5)), also known as the **Tuen Ng Festival** in Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_calendar \"Chinese calendar\"), which corresponds to late May or early June in the [Gregorian calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar \"Gregorian calendar\"). The holiday commemorates [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\") who was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese [state of Chu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_Chu \"State of Chu\") during the [Warring States period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warring_States_period \"Warring States period\"), about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding [dragon boat races](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_races \"Dragon boat races\") and eating sticky rice dumplings called *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*, which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat.\n\nIn September 2009, [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\") officially approved the holiday's inclusion in the [Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\"), becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-7)\n\n## Names\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Names\")\\]\n\nOther than \"Dragon Boat Festival\", [\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick20111-8) used as the official English translation of the holiday by the [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-prc-9), and \"Tuen Ng Festival\", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as **Double Fifth Festival** which alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-10)\n\nThe Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different [Chinese languages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_languages \"Chinese languages\"). *Duanwu* (端午) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first \"fifth day\" of the month according to the [Chinese zodiac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_zodiac \"Chinese zodiac\").[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-heibonsha-tango-11)[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-14) However, despite the literal meaning referring to the [Earthly Branches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earthly_Branches \"Earthly Branches\"), this character has also become associated with *wǔ* (五; *wu3*; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence *Duanwu*, the festival on \"the fifth day of the fifth month\".[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-chen2016-15)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\n### Origin\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Origin\")\\]\n\n|   |\n|---|\n| Part of  [a series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Chinese_folk_religion \"Category:Chinese folk religion\") on |\n| [Chinese folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_folk_religion \"Chinese folk religion\") |\n| [![Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning \"prosperity\", \"furthering\", \"welfare\" and \"son\", \"offspring\". 字 zì, meaning \"word\" and \"symbol\", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a \"son\" enshrined under a \"roof\". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg\/120px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg \"Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning \\\"prosperity\\\", \\\"furthering\\\", \\\"welfare\\\" and \\\"son\\\", \\\"offspring\\\". 字 zì, meaning \\\"word\\\" and \\\"symbol\\\", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a \\\"son\\\" enshrined under a \\\"roof\\\". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.\") |\n| Concepts [Tian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tian \"Tian\")—[Shangdi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangdi \"Shangdi\") [Qi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qi \"Qi\") [Shen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shen_\\(Chinese_religion\\) \"Shen (Chinese religion)\") [Ling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ling_\\(Chinese_religion\\) \"Ling (Chinese religion)\") [Xian ling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xian_ling_\\(religion\\) \"Xian ling (religion)\") [Yinyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yin_and_yang \"Yin and yang\") [Hundun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundun \"Hundun\") [Mingyun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ming_yun \"Ming yun\") [Yuanfen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuanfen \"Yuanfen\") [Baoying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bao_ying \"Bao ying\") [Wu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_\\(Chinese_religion\\) \"Wu (Chinese religion)\") |\n| Theory [Chinese theology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_theology \"Chinese theology\") [Chinese gods and immortals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_gods_and_immortals \"Chinese gods and immortals\") [Chinese mythology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_mythology \"Chinese mythology\") [Chinese astrology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_astrology \"Chinese astrology\") [Chinese zodiac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_zodiac \"Chinese zodiac\") [Chinese creation myth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_creation_myth \"Chinese creation myth\") [Chinese spiritual world concepts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_spiritual_world_concepts \"Chinese spiritual world concepts\") **Model humanity:** [Xian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xian_\\(Taoism\\) \"Xian (Taoism)\") [Zhenren](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhenren \"Zhenren\") [Wen and wu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wen_and_wu \"Wen and wu\") |\n| Practices [Fenxiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fenxiang \"Fenxiang\") [Jingxiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jingxiang \"Jingxiang\") [Feng shui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feng_shui \"Feng shui\") [Miaohui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miaohui \"Miaohui\") [Wu shamanism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_\\(shaman\\) \"Wu (shaman)\") [Jitong mediumship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tongji_\\(spirit_medium\\) \"Tongji (spirit medium)\") [Precious scrolls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baojuan \"Baojuan\") |\n| Institutions and temples [Associations of good-doing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associations_of_good-doing \"Associations of good-doing\") [Lineage associations or churches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_lineage_associations \"Chinese lineage associations\") [Chinese temple](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_temple \"Chinese temple\") [Ancestral shrine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancestral_shrine \"Ancestral shrine\") [Chinese Folk Temples' Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Folk_Temples%27_Management_Association \"Chinese Folk Temples' Management Association\") |\n| Festivals [Qingming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingming_Festival \"Qingming Festival\") [Zhongyuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghost_Festival \"Ghost Festival\") [Zhongqiu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mid-Autumn_Festival \"Mid-Autumn Festival\") [Jiuhuangye](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nine_Emperor_Gods_Festival \"Nine Emperor Gods Festival\") [Qixi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qixi_Festival \"Qixi Festival\") [Duanwu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duanwu_Festival \"Duanwu Festival\") [Nian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_New_Year \"Chinese New Year\") |\n| Internal traditions **Major cultural forms** [Chinese ancestral religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_ancestral_religion \"Chinese ancestral religion\") [Chinese communal deity religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_communal_deity_religion \"Chinese communal deity religion\") [Chinese food therapy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_food_therapy \"Chinese food therapy\") [Chinese geomancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feng_shui \"Feng shui\") [Chinese mother goddess worship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_mother_goddess_worship \"Chinese mother goddess worship\") [Northeast China folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northeast_China_folk_religion \"Northeast China folk religion\") [Traditional Chinese medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_medicine \"Traditional Chinese medicine\") [Qigong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qigong \"Qigong\") **Main philosophical traditions:** [Confucianism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucianism \"Confucianism\") ([state rites](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucian_ritual_religion \"Confucian ritual religion\")) [Taoism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taoism \"Taoism\") [Three teachings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_teachings \"Three teachings\") [Other schools](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_philosophy \"Chinese philosophy\") ([Mohism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohism \"Mohism\")) **Ritual traditions:** [Folk ritual masters' orders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions \"Chinese ritual mastery traditions\") [Jitong mediumship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tongji_\\(spirit_medium\\) \"Tongji (spirit medium)\") [Nuo folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuo_folk_religion \"Nuo folk religion\") [Chinese shamanism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_shamanism \"Chinese shamanism\") **Devotional traditions:** [Mazuism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mazuism \"Mazuism\") [Ong Yah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ong_Yah \"Ong Yah\") worship [![Zhenkong, \"Void of Truth\".](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/23\/Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg\/60px-Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg \"Zhenkong, \\\"Void of Truth\\\".\") Zhenkong, \"Void of Truth\". **[Salvation churches and sects](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_salvationist_religions \"Chinese salvationist religions\"):** [De teaching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_teaching \"De teaching\") [Jiugongdao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jiugongdao \"Jiugongdao\") [Luo teaching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luo_teaching \"Luo teaching\") [Maitreya teachings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya_teachings \"Maitreya teachings\") [Tiandi teachings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiandi_teachings \"Tiandi teachings\") [Tianxian miaodao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianxian_miaodao \"Tianxian miaodao\") [Xia teaching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanyi_teaching \"Sanyi teaching\") [Xiantiandao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xiantiandao \"Xiantiandao\") [Yiguandao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yiguandao \"Yiguandao\") [Zaili teaching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zaili_teaching \"Zaili teaching\") **[Confucian churches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucian_church \"Confucian church\") and sects:** [Holy Confucian Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Confucian_Church \"Holy Confucian Church\") [Indonesian Confucian Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Council_for_the_Confucian_Religion_in_Indonesia \"Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia\") [Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_Church_of_the_Way_and_its_Virtue \"Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue\") [Phoenix churches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Way_of_the_Gods_according_to_the_Confucian_Tradition \"Way of the Gods according to the Confucian Tradition\") [Xuanyuanism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xuanyuan_teaching \"Xuanyuan teaching\") [Taigu school](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taigu_school \"Taigu school\") |\n| Related religions and movements [Benzhuism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benzhuism \"Benzhuism\") [Bimoism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bimoism \"Bimoism\") [Bon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bon \"Bon\") [Dongbaism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongbaism \"Dongbaism\") [Han Buddhism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Buddhism \"Chinese Buddhism\") [Miao folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miao_folk_religion \"Miao folk religion\") [Vietnamese folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_folk_religion \"Vietnamese folk religion\") [Qiang folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qiang_folk_religion \"Qiang folk religion\") [Yao folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yao_folk_religion \"Yao folk religion\") [Zhuang folk religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhuang_folk_religion \"Zhuang folk religion\") [House church (China)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_church_\\(China\\) \"House church (China)\") |\n| [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/28\/P_religion_world.svg\/20px-P_religion_world.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:P_religion_world.svg) [Religion portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Religion \"Portal:Religion\") |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Chinese_folk_religion \"Template:Chinese folk religion\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Chinese_folk_religion \"Template talk:Chinese folk religion\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Chinese_folk_religion \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Chinese folk religion\") |\n\nThe fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) To get rid of the misfortune, people would put [calamus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acorus_calamus \"Acorus calamus\"), [Artemisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artemisia_\\(plant\\) \"Artemisia (plant)\"), and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) These were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords).[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\nVenomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions;[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-18) people also supposedly get sick easily after this day.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) For example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-19) Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg\/250px-Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)\n\n17th century depiction of [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\")\n\n### Qu Yuan\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Qu Yuan\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\")\n\nThe story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\") (c. 340–278 BC) of the [ancient state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_\\(Chinese\\) \"State (Chinese)\") of [Chu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chu_\\(state\\) \"Chu (state)\") during the [Warring States period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warring_States_period \"Warring States period\") of the [Zhou dynasty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhou_dynasty \"Zhou dynasty\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) A cadet member of the [Chu royal house](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mi_\\(surname\\) \"Mi (surname)\"), Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of [Qin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qin_\\(state\\) \"Qin (state)\"), Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of [poetry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_poetry \"Chinese poetry\"). Eventually, Qin captured [Ying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ying_\\(Chu\\) \"Ying (Chu)\"), the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan [committed suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Committed_suicide \"Committed suicide\") by drowning himself in the [Miluo River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miluo_River \"Miluo River\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)\n\nIt is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This is said to have been the origin of [dragon boat races](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_race \"Dragon boat race\").[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of [sticky rice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sticky_rice \"Sticky rice\") into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20)\n\nDuring the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of [Chinese nationalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_nationalism \"Chinese nationalism\") in the People's Republic of China after the 1949 [Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Communist_Revolution \"Chinese Communist Revolution\"). The historian and writer [Guo Moruo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guo_Moruo \"Guo Moruo\") was influential in shaping this view of Qu.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-21)\n\n### Wu Zixu\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Wu Zixu\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Wu Zixu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Zixu \"Wu Zixu\")\n\nAnother origin story says that the festival commemorates [Wu Zixu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Zixu \"Wu Zixu\") (died 484 BC), a statesman of the [Kingdom of Wu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_\\(state\\) \"Wu (state)\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) King [Goujian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goujian \"Goujian\") of the [state of Yue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yue_\\(state\\) \"Yue (state)\") sends [Xi Shi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xi_Shi \"Xi Shi\"), a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King [Fuchai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuchai \"Fuchai\") from state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as [Suzhou](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suzhou,_Jiangsu \"Suzhou, Jiangsu\"), Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival.\n\n### Cao E\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Cao E\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Cao E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao_E \"Cao E\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG\/250px-Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)\n\nThe front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the [Cao'e River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao%27e_River \"Cao'e River\") in [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu \"Shangyu\"), Zhejiang\n\nAlthough Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast [Jiangsu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jiangsu \"Jiangsu\") and Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern [Zhejiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\"), including the cities of [Shaoxing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaoxing \"Shaoxing\"), [Ningbo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ningbo \"Ningbo\") and [Zhoushan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhoushan \"Zhoushan\"), celebrates the memory of the young girl [Cao E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao_E \"Cao E\") (130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu (曹盱) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu \"Shangyu\"). In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the [Shun River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shun_River \"Shun River\"). Cao E, in an act of [filial piety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filial_piety \"Filial piety\"), searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu,_Shaoxing \"Shangyu, Shaoxing\") dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-22)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg\/250px-Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)\n\n[Dragon boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\") races at [Dajia Riverside Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dajia_Riverside_Park \"Dajia Riverside Park\") in [Taipei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei \"Taipei\")\n\nCao E is depicted in the *[Wu Shuang Pu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Shuang_Pu \"Wu Shuang Pu\")* (\"Table of Peerless Heroes\") by Jin Guliang.\n\n### Pre-existing holiday\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Pre-existing holiday\")\\]\n\nSome modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by [Confucian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucius \"Confucius\") scholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-23)\n\nThe stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in [Sima Qian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sima_Qian \"Sima Qian\")'s *[Shiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiji \"Shiji\")*, completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters.\n\nAccording to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and [rice growing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rice_growing \"Rice growing\") in southern China.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) As recently as 1952 the American sociologist [Wolfram Eberhard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfram_Eberhard \"Wolfram Eberhard\") wrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)\n\nAnother theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from [dragon worship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_dragon \"Chinese dragon\").[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This theory was advanced by [Wen Yiduo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wen_Yiduo \"Wen Yiduo\"). Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*. The food may have originally represented an offering to the [dragon king](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_king \"Dragon king\"), while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active *yang* energy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats.\n\nAnother suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in [ancient Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Korea \"Ancient Korea\"), mountain gods (see [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\")). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday.\n\n### Early 20th century\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Early 20th century\")\\]\n\nIn the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous\/Venomous Insects ([traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\"): 毒蟲節; [simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 毒虫节; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Dúchóng jié*; [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\"): *Tu2\\-chʻung2\\-chieh2*). [Yu Der Ling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princess_Der_Ling \"Princess Der Ling\") writes in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir *Two Years in the Forbidden City*:\n\n> The first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival. ... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-26)\n\n### 21st century\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: 21st century\")\\]\n\nIn 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a [national public holiday in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_in_China \"Public holidays in China\").[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-27)\n\n## Public holiday\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Public holiday\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg\/250px-Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum,_Beijing.jpg)\n\n*[Dragon boat race](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_race \"Dragon boat race\")* by Li Zhaodao (675–758)\n\nThe festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan \"Taiwan\"). The [People's Republic of China's government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_China \"Government of China\") established in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-28)[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-29)\n\nThe Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the [Chinese communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_diaspora \"Chinese diaspora\") of Southeast Asia, including [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_of_Singapore \"Public holidays of Singapore\") and [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_of_Malaysia \"Public holidays of Malaysia\"). In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-30) Equivalent and related official festivals include the Korean [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\"),[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-31) Japanese *[Tango no sekku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_no_sekku \"Tango no sekku\")*,[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) and Vietnamese [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D \"Tết Đoan Ngọ\").[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32)\n\n## Practices and activities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Practices and activities\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg\/250px-%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)\n\nSection of *Dragon Boat Regatta* by [Wang Zhenpeng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Zhenpeng_\\(painter\\) \"Wang Zhenpeng (painter)\") (fl. 1275–1330)\n\nThree of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing) *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*, drinking [realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\"), and racing [dragon boats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-33)\n\n### Dragon boat racing\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Dragon boat racing\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Dragon boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\")\n\n[Dragon boat racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_racing \"Dragon boat racing\") has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Zongzi.jpg\/250px-Zongzi.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zongzi.jpg)\n\nRed Bean Rice Dumpling\n\n### Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")\n\nA notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping [glutinous rice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutinous_rice \"Glutinous rice\") and fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) jujube,[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\n[Zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\") appeared before the [Spring and Autumn period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spring_and_Autumn_period \"Spring and Autumn period\") and were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine *yizhiren* (*[Alpinia oxyphylla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpinia_oxyphylla \"Alpinia oxyphylla\")*) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called *yizhi zong*.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-34)\n\n### Food related to 5\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: Food related to 5\")\\]\n\n'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu, [Zhejiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\") and [Huangshan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huangshan \"Huangshan\") area have the custom to eat \"five yellow\", which refers to five different foods with \"yellow\" in names. \\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n### Realgar wine\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Realgar wine\")\\]\n\n[Realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\") or Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered [realgar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar \"Realgar\"), a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) On the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-35)\n\n### 5-colored silk-threaded braid\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: 5-colored silk-threaded braid\")\\]\n\nIn some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the [five elements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuxing_\\(Chinese_philosophy\\) \"Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)\")) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) People believe that this will help keep evil away.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\nOther common activities include hanging up icons of [Zhong Kui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhong_Kui \"Zhong Kui\") (a mythic guardian figure), hanging [mugwort](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mugwort \"Mugwort\") and [calamus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calamus_\\(palm\\) \"Calamus (palm)\"), taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-36)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this \"game\" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing [spells](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magic_\\(paranormal\\) \"Magic (paranormal)\"). All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being.\n\nIn the early years of the [Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_\\(1912%E2%80%931949\\) \"Republic of China (1912–1949)\"), Duanwu was celebrated as the \"Poets' Day\" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition, [balancing an egg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egg-balancing \"Egg-balancing\") on Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-dbfest-37)\n\nThe sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the [Chinese dragon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_dragon \"Chinese dragon\"), traditionally represents [masculine energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yang_\\(concept\\) \"Yang (concept)\"), whereas the moon, like the [phoenix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fenghuang \"Fenghuang\"), traditionally represents [feminine energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yin_\\(concept\\) \"Yin (concept)\"). The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-38)\n\n## Gallery\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: Gallery\")\\]\n\n- [![Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg\/330px-Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg \"Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan\")\n  *Hari* in [Tomigusuku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomigusuku \"Tomigusuku\"), [Okinawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture \"Okinawa Prefecture\"), Japan\n- [![A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG\/330px-Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG \"A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008\")\n  A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008\n- [![Uncooked zongzi](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Bakcang.JPG\/330px-Bakcang.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bakcang.JPG \"Uncooked zongzi\")\n  Uncooked *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*\n- [![Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Pehcun_Festival.jpg\/500px-Pehcun_Festival.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pehcun_Festival.jpg \"Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia\")\n  Egg balancing in [Tangerang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tangerang \"Tangerang\"), Indonesia\n- [![Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg\/500px-Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg \"Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \\\"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\\\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)\")\n  Taiwan's president [Ma Ying-jeou](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma_Ying-jeou \"Ma Ying-jeou\") visiting [Liang Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liang_Island \"Liang Island\") before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010)  \n   The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\"  \n  (恭祝總統端節愉快)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [Bon Om Touk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bon_Om_Touk \"Bon Om Touk\")\n- [Traditional Chinese holidays](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_holidays \"Traditional Chinese holidays\")\n\n## Explanatory notes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: Explanatory notes\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-5)** In [Cantonese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantonese_language \"Cantonese language\"), it is [romanized](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanization_of_Cantonese \"Romanization of Cantonese\") as *Tuen1 Ng5 Jit3* in Hong Kong and *Tung1 Ng5 Jit3* in [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macau \"Macau\"), hence the name \"Tuen Ng Festival\" used in [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong \"Hong Kong\"),[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-hk-1) and *Tun Ng* (*Festividade do Barco-Dragão* in [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\")) in Macau.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-mac-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-4)\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-14)** Also suggested to mean \"Beginning of Noon\",[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe1983141-12) or \"High Noon Festival\",[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-taiwan-foreign-ministry1-13) since \"horse\" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day.\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n### Citations\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: Citations\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-hk_1-0)** GovHK. \" [General holidays for 2014](http:\/\/www.gov.hk\/en\/about\/abouthk\/holiday\/index.htm)\". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-mac_2-0)** Macau Government Tourist Office. \"[Calendar of Events](http:\/\/www.macautourism.gov.mo\/events\/calendar.php)\". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-3)** Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. \"[Ordem Executiva \\#60\/2000](http:\/\/bo.io.gov.mo\/bo\/i\/2000\/40\/ordem60.asp)\". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Portuguese)\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-4)** Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《[第60\/2000號行政命令](http:\/\/bo.io.gov.mo\/bo\/i\/2000\/40\/ordem60_cn.asp#60)》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Chinese)\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage\"](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/dragon-boat-festival-00225). UNESCO. September 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2023.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日\"](http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5OTQ5NDQyNg==&mid=2247534262&idx=1&sn=96fbfdffe59d4c4312814ec8fc9064a7&chksm=ec97bbc3dbe032d55be18bc3b0a5a6cf37a32e51a4a3345a7c29976673587b2dabd700379353#rd). *Weixin Official Accounts Platform*. Retrieved 22 June 2023.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick20111_8-0)** [Chittick (2011)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFChittick2011), p. 1.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-prc_9-0)** Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. \"[Holidays](http:\/\/english.gov.cn\/2005-08\/16\/content_23785.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120502100026\/http:\/\/english.gov.cn\/2005-08\/16\/content_23785.htm) May 2, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-10)** \"[Double Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival](http:\/\/tour.tncg.gov.tw\/English\/culture\/ct01.asp?type=12) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080506213724\/http:\/\/tour.tncg.gov.tw\/English\/culture\/ct01.asp?type=12) May 6, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\".\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-heibonsha-tango_11-0)**\n    [Inahata, Kōichirō](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A8%B2%E7%95%91%E8%80%95%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E \"ja:稲畑耕一郎\") \\[in Japanese\\] (2007).\n    \n    [*Tango* 端午 (たんご)](https:\/\/japanknowledge.asia-u.ac.jp\/introduction\/keyword.html)\n    \n    .\n    \n    世界大百科事典\n    \n    (revised, new ed.). Heibonsha.\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored ([help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored \"Help:CS1 errors\")) via Japanknowledge.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowe1983141_12-0)** [Lowe (1983)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFLowe1983), p. 141.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-taiwan-foreign-ministry1_13-0)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/taiwantoday.tw\/news.php?unit=20,20,29,35,35,45&post=26089). *Taiwan Today*. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-chen2016_15-0)**\n    Chen, Sanping (January–March 2016). \"Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?\". *Journal of the American Oriental Society*. **136** (1): 30–31\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7817%2Fjameroriesoci.136.1.117). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [10\\.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117).\n14. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-15) [***q***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-16) [***r***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-17)\n    Wei, Liming (2010). *Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals* (Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 36–43\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9787508516936](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9787508516936 \"Special:BookSources\/9787508516936\")\n    \n    .\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher \"Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher\"))\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-15)\n    Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). *Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China*. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 41–50\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [0-8351-2481-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8351-2481-9 \"Special:BookSources\/0-8351-2481-9\")\n    \n    .\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。\"](https:\/\/taiwan.cri.cn\/2015-6-17\/5ed30bc1-60c0-4a0a-89e8-a4ba00934d89.html) \\[en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.\\]. *taiwan.cri.cn*. Retrieved 27 March 2025.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-19)**\n    Liu, L. (2011). *'Beijing Review' Color Photographs*. vol. 54, issue 23. pp. 42–43\\.\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location \"Category:CS1 maint: location\")) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher \"Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher\"))\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-2) [SCMP](http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/portal\/site\/SCMP\/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0\/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News).\" *Earthquake and floods make for the muted festival.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120625104853\/http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/portal\/site\/SCMP\/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0\/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News) 25 June 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-21)**\n    Zikpi, Monica E M (2014). [\"Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan\"](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43490204). *Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews*. **36**: 175–200\\. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0161-9705](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0161-9705). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [43490204](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43490204). Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170404220341\/http:\/\/www.dragonboatfestival.tk\/2017\/04\/dragon-boat-festival-history.html). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.dragonboatfestival.tk\/2017\/04\/dragon-boat-festival-history.html) on 4 April 2017.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/arts-culture\/the-legends-behind-the-dragon-boat-festival-135634582\/). *Smithsonian*. 14 May 2009.\n22. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-1)\n    Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). \"The dragon-boat festival\". *Chinese Festivals*. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 69–96\\.\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-1)\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded\"](http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/english\/doc\/2004-06\/22\/content_341276.htm). *www.chinadaily.com.cn*. Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-26)**\n    Yü, Der Ling (1911). *Two Years in the Forbidden City*. T. F. Unwin.\n    \n    [Project Gutenberg](http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/889\/889-h\/889-h.htm)\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-27)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"](https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202106\/14\/WS60c69dcba31024ad0bac691b.html). *www.chinadaily.com.cn*. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-28)** People's Daily. \"[Peopledaily](http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200506\/25\/eng20050625_192259.html).\" *China to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-29)** Xinhua Net. \"[First day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2008-06\/08\/content_8326884.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131222045755\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2008-06\/08\/content_8326884.htm) 2013-12-22 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\").\" Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"粽子飘香传情意 黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安\"](https:\/\/www.zaobao.com.sg\/realtime\/singapore\/story20250531-6528257). *[Lianhe Zaobao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lianhe_Zaobao \"Lianhe Zaobao\")* (in Chinese). [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\"). 31 May 2025. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250531051118\/https:\/\/www.zaobao.com.sg\/realtime\/singapore\/story20250531-6528257) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races\"](http:\/\/www.chinaheritagequarterly.org\/features.php?searchterm=011_duanwu.inc&issue=011). *China Heritage Quarterly*. September 2007.\n30. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-1) Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric *et al* (2005). \"Tango no Sekku\" in [Japan Encyclopedia*, pp. 948.*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA948), p. 948, at [Google Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Books \"Google Books\")\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-33)** [\"Dragon Boat Festival\"](http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/english\/features\/Festivals\/78316.htm). *[China Internet Information Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_Internet_Information_Center \"China Internet Information Center\")*. Retrieved 12 June 2013.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-34)**\n    Yuan, He (2015). [\"Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi\"](http:\/\/lib.cqvip.com\/qk\/85099X\/201506\/666955605.html). *Journal of Nanning Polytechnic*.\n    \n    \\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-35)**\n    Huang, Shaorong (December 1991). [\"Chinese Traditional Festivals\"](https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). *The Journal of Popular Culture*. **25** (3): 163–180\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1111\/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). Retrieved 28 March 2023.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"](https:\/\/s.chinadailyhk.com\/m26RJ3). *chinadailyhk*.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-dbfest_37-0)** Huang, Ottavia. *Hmmm, This Is What I Think*: \"[Dragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg](http:\/\/ottaviahuang.blogspot.de\/2012\/06\/dragon-boat-festiva-time-to-balance-egg.html)\". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-38)**\n    [Chan, Arlene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arlene_Chan \"Arlene Chan\") & al. *Paddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada*, [p. 27](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=LVj3enfaK5IC&pg=PA27). Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009.\n    \n    [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-55488-395-0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-55488-395-0 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-55488-395-0\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 1 June 2011.\n\n### Bibliography\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=22 \"Edit section: Bibliography\")\\]\n\n- Chittick, Andrew (2011). \"The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing\". *Journal of Song-Yuan Studies*. **2011** (41): 1–28\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1353\/sys.2011.0025](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353%2Fsys.2011.0025). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [23496206](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23496206). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [162282148](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:162282148).\n- Lowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) \\[1983\\]. [\"The Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=a87_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141). *The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man*. Translated by [Bodde, Derk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derk_Bodde \"Derk Bodde\"). Princeton University Press. pp. 141–148\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.2307\/j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2Fj.ctt7ztjmr.20). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9781400855896](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781400855896 \"Special:BookSources\/9781400855896\")\n  \n  . [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt7ztjmr.20).\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=23 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Duanwu Festival](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Duanwu_Festival \"commons:Category:Duanwu Festival\") at Wikimedia Commons\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Canoeing_and_kayaking \"Template:Canoeing and kayaking\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Canoeing_and_kayaking \"Template talk:Canoeing and kayaking\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Canoeing_and_kayaking \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Canoeing and kayaking\")[Canoeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoeing \"Canoeing\") and [kayaking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kayaking \"Kayaking\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Main disciplines | [Canoe sprint](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_sprint \"Canoe sprint\") [Canoe slalom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_slalom \"Canoe slalom\") [Canoe marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_marathon \"Canoe marathon\") [Canoe polo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_polo \"Canoe polo\") [Wildwater canoeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wildwater_canoeing \"Wildwater canoeing\") [Canoe sailing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_sailing \"Canoe sailing\") [Canoe freestyle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_freestyle \"Canoe freestyle\") [Paracanoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paracanoe \"Paracanoe\") |\n| Olympics | [Summer Olympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoeing_at_the_Summer_Olympics \"Canoeing at the Summer Olympics\") [Male medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_\\(men\\) \"List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (men)\") [Female medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_\\(women\\) \"List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (women)\") [Venues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_canoeing \"List of Olympic venues in canoeing\") |\n| Other disciplines | [Creeking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Creeking \"Creeking\") [Dragon boating](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\") [Nouka Baich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nouka_Baich \"Nouka Baich\") [Paddleboarding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddleboarding \"Paddleboarding\") [Surf skiing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surf_ski \"Surf ski\") [Surf kayaking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surf_kayaking \"Surf kayaking\") [Snow boating](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snow_boating \"Snow boating\") [Squirt boating](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squirt_boating \"Squirt boating\") [Standup paddleboarding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standup_paddleboarding \"Standup paddleboarding\") |\n| [ICF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Canoe_Federation \"International Canoe Federation\") championships | [Sprint](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships \"ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\") ([Men's Canadian medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_Canadian \"List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's Canadian\") [Women's Canadian medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_Canadian \"List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's Canadian\") [Men's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's kayak\") [Women's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's kayak\") [Paracanoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_paracanoe \"List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in paracanoe\")) [Slalom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships \"ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\") ([Men's canoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_canoe \"List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's canoe\") [Women's canoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_canoe \"List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's canoe\") [Men's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's kayak\") [Women's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's kayak\") [Mixed canoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_mixed_canoe \"List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in mixed canoe\")) [Slalom Junior & U23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICF_World_Junior_and_U23_Canoe_Slalom_Championships \"ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships\") [Marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championship \"ICF Canoe Marathon World Championship\") ([Men's canoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_canoe \"List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in men's canoe\") [Women's canoe medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_canoe \"List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in women's canoe\") [Men's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in men's kayak\") [Women's kayak medalists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak \"List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in women's kayak\")) [Ocean Racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICF_Canoe_Ocean_Racing_World_Championships \"ICF Canoe Ocean Racing World Championships\") [Wildwater canoeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wildwater_Canoeing_World_Championships \"Wildwater Canoeing World Championships\") |\n| Recreation | [Small-craft sailing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Small-craft_sailing \"Small-craft sailing\") [Whitewater canoeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whitewater_canoeing \"Whitewater canoeing\") \/ [kayaking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whitewater_kayaking \"Whitewater kayaking\") [Sea kayaking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_kayak \"Sea kayak\") [Canoe camping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_camping \"Canoe camping\") [Kayak fishing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kayak_fishing \"Kayak fishing\") [Canoe and kayak diving](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_and_kayak_diving \"Canoe and kayak diving\") [Dongola racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongola_racing \"Dongola racing\") [Canoe orienteering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_orienteering \"Canoe orienteering\") [Canoe livery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_livery \"Canoe livery\") |\n| Modern boats | [Canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe \"Canoe\") [Kayak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kayak \"Kayak\") [Concrete canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concrete_canoe \"Concrete canoe\") [Flyak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flyak \"Flyak\") [Folding kayak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folding_kayak \"Folding kayak\") [International Canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Canoe \"International Canoe\") [Malia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malia_\\(canoe\\) \"Malia (canoe)\") [Recreational kayak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recreational_kayak \"Recreational kayak\") [Sprint canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sprint_canoe \"Sprint canoe\") |\n| Traditional boats | [Aleutian kayak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleutian_kayak \"Aleutian kayak\") [Cayuco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cayuco \"Cayuco\") [Chundan vallam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chundan_vallam \"Chundan vallam\") [Dugout](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dugout_canoe \"Dugout canoe\") [Fur brigade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fur_brigade \"Fur brigade\") [Outrigger canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outrigger_canoe \"Outrigger canoe\") [Pacific Northwest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Northwest_canoes \"Pacific Northwest canoes\") [Rabaska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rabaska \"Rabaska\") [Sturgeon-nosed canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sturgeon-nosed_canoe \"Sturgeon-nosed canoe\") [Taimen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taimen_\\(kayak\\) \"Taimen (kayak)\") [Umiak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Umiak \"Umiak\") [Waka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waka_\\(canoe\\) \"Waka (canoe)\") [War canoe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_canoe \"War canoe\") [Swan boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swan_boat_\\(racing\\) \"Swan boat (racing)\") |\n| [Techniques](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Kayaking_techniques \"Category:Kayaking techniques\") | [Canoe paddle strokes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_paddle_strokes \"Canoe paddle strokes\") [Eskimo Rescue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eskimo_Rescue \"Eskimo Rescue\") [Kayak roll](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kayak_roll \"Kayak roll\") [Portage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portage \"Portage\") |\n| [Equipment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_equipment \"Category:Canoeing and kayaking equipment\") | [Albano buoy system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albano_buoy_system \"Albano buoy system\") [Outrigger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outrigger \"Outrigger\") [Paddle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle \"Paddle\") [Paddle float](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle_float \"Paddle float\") [Paddle leash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle_leash \"Paddle leash\") [Royalex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royalex \"Royalex\") [Sea sock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_sock \"Sea sock\") [Spray deck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spray_deck \"Spray deck\") [Tuilik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuilik \"Tuilik\") |\n| Venues | [Artificial whitewater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_whitewater \"Artificial whitewater\") *[Canoeing and kayaking venues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_venues \"Category:Canoeing and kayaking venues\")* |\n| Competitions | [List of world records in canoeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_world_records_in_canoeing \"List of world records in canoeing\") [Adirondack Canoe Classic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adirondack_Canoe_Classic \"Adirondack Canoe Classic\") [Au Sable River Canoe Marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Au_Sable_River_Canoe_Marathon \"Au Sable River Canoe Marathon\") [Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Devizes_to_Westminster_International_Canoe_Marathon \"Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon\") [Dusi Canoe Marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dusi_Canoe_Marathon \"Dusi Canoe Marathon\") [Hawkesbury Canoe Classic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawkesbury_Canoe_Classic \"Hawkesbury Canoe Classic\") [Liffey Descent Canoe Race](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race \"Liffey Descent Canoe Race\") [Massive Murray Paddle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massive_Murray_Paddle \"Massive Murray Paddle\") [National Student Rodeo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Student_Rodeo \"National Student Rodeo\") [Thameside Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thameside_Series \"Thameside Series\") [Waterside Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waterside_Series \"Waterside Series\") [Riverland Paddling Marathon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverland_Paddling_Marathon \"Riverland Paddling Marathon\") |\n| Festivals | [Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_International_Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival\") [Duanwu Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duanwu_Festival \"Duanwu Festival\") [Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Dragon_Boat_Festival_in_New_York \"Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York\") [Houston Dragon Boat Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston_Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Houston Dragon Boat Festival\") [Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lethbridge_Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival\") [Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa_Dragon_Boat_Festival \"Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival\") [Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toronto_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_Festival \"Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival\") |\n| [Governing bodies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canoeing_organizations \"Category:Canoeing organizations\") | [European Canoe Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Canoe_Association \"European Canoe Association\") [American Canoe Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Canoe_Association \"American Canoe Association\") [Paddle Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle_Australia \"Paddle Australia\") [Paddle UK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle_UK \"Paddle UK\") [British Dragon Boat Racing Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Dragon_Boat_Racing_Association \"British Dragon Boat Racing Association\") [Canoe Kayak Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_Kayak_Canada \"Canoe Kayak Canada\") [Canoe Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canoe_Wales \"Canoe Wales\") [Croatian Canoe Federation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatian_Canoe_Federation \"Croatian Canoe Federation\") [Israel Canoe Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Canoe_Association \"Israel Canoe Association\") [Scottish Canoe Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_Canoe_Association \"Scottish Canoe Association\") [Portuguese Canoe Federation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Canoe_Federation \"Portuguese Canoe Federation\") |\n| [Other organisations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canoeing_organizations \"Category:Canoeing organizations\") | [Canadian Canoe Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Canoe_Museum \"Canadian Canoe Museum\") [International Dragon Boat Federation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Dragon_Boat_Federation \"International Dragon Boat Federation\") [Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sir_Alexander_Mackenzie_Canada_Sea-to-Sea_Bicentennial_Expeditions \"Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions\") [UK Rivers Access Campaign](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rivers_Access_Campaign \"Rivers Access Campaign\") |\n| [Media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canoeing_mass_media \"Category:Canoeing mass media\") | *[La Chasse-galerie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chasse-galerie \"Chasse-galerie\")* *[Paddle-to-the-Sea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle-to-the-Sea \"Paddle-to-the-Sea\")* ([film](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddle_to_the_Sea \"Paddle to the Sea\")) *[The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Great_Lakes \"The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes\")* *[Waterwalker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waterwalker \"Waterwalker\")* |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/41\/Global_thinking.svg\/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png) [Outline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_canoeing_and_kayaking \"Outline of canoeing and kayaking\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Public_holidays_in_China \"Template:Public holidays in China\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_China \"Template talk:Public holidays in China\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Public_holidays_in_China \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Public holidays in China\")[![China](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\") [Public holidays in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_in_China \"Public holidays in China\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| [Golden weeks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Week_\\(China\\) \"Golden Week (China)\") | [Spring Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_New_Year \"Chinese New Year\") [Chunyun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chunyun \"Chunyun\") [National Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"National Day of the People's Republic of China\") | [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/250px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\") |\n| Other holidays | [New Year's Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year%27s_Day \"New Year's Day\") [Qingming Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingming_Festival \"Qingming Festival\") [Workers' Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Workers%27_Day \"International Workers' Day\") [Duanwu Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duanwu_Festival \"Duanwu Festival\") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mid-Autumn_Festival \"Mid-Autumn Festival\") [Qixi Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qixi_Festival \"Qixi Festival\") |   |\n| In times when Mid-Autumn Festival takes place near the National Day, it is also included in the Golden Week. |   |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong \"Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong \"Template talk:Public holidays in Hong Kong\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong\")[![Hong Kong](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong \"Hong Kong\") [Public holidays in Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong \"Public holidays in Hong Kong\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| [New Year's Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year%27s_Day \"New Year's Day\") [Lunar New Year](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_New_Year \"Chinese New Year\") (first 3 days of the period) [Ching Ming Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingming_Festival \"Qingming Festival\") [Good Friday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Good_Friday \"Good Friday\") [Holy Saturday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Saturday \"Holy Saturday\") [Easter Monday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Easter_Monday \"Easter Monday\") [Buddha's Birthday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddha%27s_Birthday \"Buddha's Birthday\") [Labour Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Labour_Day \"Labour Day\") [Tuen Ng Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duanwu_Festival \"Duanwu Festival\") [Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_Establishment_Day \"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day\") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mid-Autumn_Festival \"Mid-Autumn Festival\") [PRC National Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"National Day of the People's Republic of China\") [Anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China \"National Day of the Republic of China\") [Chung Yeung Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Double_Ninth_Festival \"Double Ninth Festival\") [Christmas Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christmas \"Christmas\") [Boxing Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boxing_Day \"Boxing Day\") | [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg\/250px-Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong \"Hong Kong\") |\n| Cancelled | [Queen's Birthday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King%27s_Official_Birthday \"King's Official Birthday\") [Liberation Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Day_\\(Hong_Kong\\) \"Liberation Day (Hong Kong)\") [Double Ten Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China \"National Day of the Republic of China\") [Remembrance Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remembrance_Day \"Remembrance Day\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Overseas_Chinese \"Template:Overseas Chinese\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Overseas_Chinese \"Template talk:Overseas Chinese\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Overseas_Chinese \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Overseas Chinese\")[Overseas Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese \"Overseas Chinese\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Africa |   |\n|   |   |\n| North | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Algeria \"Chinese people in Algeria\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Egypt \"Chinese people in Egypt\") [Libya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Libya \"Chinese people in Libya\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Morocco \"Chinese people in Morocco\") |\n| West | [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Cape_Verde \"Chinese people in Cape Verde\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Ghana \"Chinese people in Ghana\") [Mali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Mali \"Chinese people in Mali\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Nigeria \"Chinese people in Nigeria\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Senegal \"Chinese people in Senegal\") |\n| East | [Ethiopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Ethiopia \"Chinese people in Ethiopia\") [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Kenya \"Chinese people in Kenya\") [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Tanzania \"Chinese people in Tanzania\") [Uganda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Uganda \"Chinese people in Uganda\") |\n| Central | [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Cameroon \"Chinese people in Cameroon\") [Democratic Republic of Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_the_DRC \"Chinese people in the DRC\") [Republic of Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_the_Republic_of_Congo \"Chinese people in the Republic of Congo\") |\n| Southern | [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Angola \"Chinese people in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Botswana \"Chinese people in Botswana\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Lesotho \"Chinese people in Lesotho\") [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Madagascar \"Chinese people in Madagascar\") [Malawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Malawi \"Chinese people in Malawi\") [Mauritius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauritians_of_Chinese_origin \"Mauritians of Chinese origin\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mozambique \"Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique\") [Namibia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Namibia \"Chinese people in Namibia\") *[Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinois_\\(R%C3%A9union\\) \"Chinois (Réunion)\")*1 [Seychelles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Seychellois \"Sino-Seychellois\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_South_Africans \"Chinese South Africans\") [Zambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Zambia \"Chinese people in Zambia\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Zimbabwe \"Chinese people in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Americas |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Caribbean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Caribbean_people \"Chinese Caribbean people\") | [Belize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Belize \"Ethnic Chinese in Belize\") [Caribbean Chinese cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caribbean_Chinese_cuisine \"Caribbean Chinese cuisine\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Cubans \"Chinese Cubans\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic \"Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Guyanese \"Chinese Guyanese\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Haitians \"Chinese Haitians\") [Jamaica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Jamaicans \"Chinese Jamaicans\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico \"Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rican_Chinese_cuisine \"Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine\") [Suriname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Surinamese \"Chinese Surinamese\") [Trinidad and Tobago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians \"Chinese Trinidadians and Tobagonians\") |\n| [North](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_America \"North America\") | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Canadians \"Chinese Canadians\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine \"Canadian Chinese cuisine\") [from Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Canadians \"Hong Kong Canadians\") [from Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwanese_Canadians \"Taiwanese Canadians\") [British Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Canadians_in_British_Columbia \"Chinese Canadians in British Columbia\") ([Vancouver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver \"Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver\")) [Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area \"Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_immigration_to_Mexico \"Chinese immigration to Mexico\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Americans \"Chinese Americans\") [American-born Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American-born_Chinese \"American-born Chinese\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Chinese_cuisine \"American Chinese cuisine\") [Chinese American church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_American_church \"Chinese American church\") [from Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Americans \"Hong Kong Americans\") [from Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwanese_Americans \"Taiwanese Americans\") [from Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Americans \"Malaysian Americans\") [from Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singaporean_Americans \"Singaporean Americans\") [Fuzhounese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuzhounese_Americans \"Fuzhounese Americans\") [History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chinese_Americans \"History of Chinese Americans\") [Tibetan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tibetan_Americans \"Tibetan Americans\") [Hakka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hakka_Americans \"Hakka Americans\") [Hoklo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoklo_Americans \"Hoklo Americans\") [by city and state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Chinese_Americans_by_location \"Template:Chinese Americans by location\") |\n| Central | [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Costa_Rica \"Chinese people in Costa Rica\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Nicaraguans \"Chinese Nicaraguans\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Panama \"Ethnic Chinese in Panama\") |\n| South | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Argentines \"Chinese Argentines\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Brazilians \"Chinese Brazilians\") [Chinese Latin American cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Latin_American_cuisine \"Chinese Latin American cuisine\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Chile \"Chinese people in Chile\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Guyanese \"Chinese Guyanese\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Peruvians \"Chinese Peruvians\") [Chifa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chifa \"Chifa\") [Suriname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Surinamese \"Chinese Surinamese\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Uruguay \"Chinese people in Uruguay\") [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Venezuelans \"Chinese Venezuelans\") |\n| Asia |   |\n|   |   |\n| Central | [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Kazakhstan \"Chinese people in Kazakhstan\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Kyrgyzstan \"Chinese people in Kyrgyzstan\") |\n| East | [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Japan \"Chinese people in Japan\") [Cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine \"Japanese Chinese cuisine\") [Shippoku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shippoku \"Shippoku\") [Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Korea \"Chinese people in Korea\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Chinese_cuisine \"Korean Chinese cuisine\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mongolia \"Ethnic Chinese in Mongolia\") |\n| Southeast | [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Brunei \"Ethnic Chinese in Brunei\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Cambodian \"Chinese Cambodian\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine \"Cambodian Chinese cuisine\") [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_Hokkien \"Cambodian Hokkien\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Timor-Leste \"Chinese people in Timor-Leste\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Indonesians \"Chinese Indonesians\") [Benteng Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benteng_Chinese \"Benteng Chinese\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine \"Chinese Indonesian cuisine\") [Peranakan Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakans \"Peranakans\") [Bangka-Belitung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Bangka-Belitung_Islands \"Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands\") [Bali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balinese_Chinese \"Balinese Chinese\") [Maluku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Maluku \"Chinese Maluku\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laotian_Chinese \"Laotian Chinese\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Chinese \"Malaysian Chinese\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine \"Malaysian Chinese cuisine\") [Peranakan \/ Baba Nyonya \/ Straits Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakans \"Peranakans\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakan_cuisine \"Peranakan cuisine\") [Sino-Native](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Native \"Sino-Native\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Myanmar \"Chinese people in Myanmar\") [Kokang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kokang_people \"Kokang people\") [Panthay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panthay \"Panthay\") [Pashu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakans \"Peranakans\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Filipino \"Chinese Filipino\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine \"Filipino Chinese cuisine\") [Sangley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sangley \"Sangley\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Singaporeans \"Chinese Singaporeans\") [Chinese nationals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_nationals_in_Singapore \"Chinese nationals in Singapore\") [Straits-Born Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakans \"Peranakans\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai_Chinese \"Thai Chinese\") [Chin Haw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chin_Haw \"Chin Haw\") [Phuket Baba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peranakans \"Peranakans\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoa_people \"Hoa people\") [Minh Hương](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minh_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng \"Minh Hương\") [Sán Dìu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Diu_people \"San Diu people\") [Ngái](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ng%C3%A1i_people \"Ngái people\") [Hoa Nùng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_N%C3%B9ng \"Chinese Nùng\") |\n| South | [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Bangladesh \"Chinese people in Bangladesh\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_community_in_India \"Chinese community in India\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Chinese_cuisine \"Indian Chinese cuisine\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Pakistan \"Chinese people in Pakistan\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine \"Pakistani Chinese cuisine\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Sri_Lanka \"Chinese people in Sri Lanka\") |\n| West | [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Iran \"Chinese people in Iran\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Israel \"Chinese people in Israel\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Turkey \"Chinese people in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"Chinese people in the United Arab Emirates\") |\n| Europe |   |\n|   |   |\n| Northern | [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Denmark \"Chinese people in Denmark\") [Finland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Finland \"Chinese people in Finland\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Chinese_people_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Chinese people in Norway (page does not exist)\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Sweden \"Chinese people in Sweden\") |\n| Western | [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Belgium \"Chinese people in Belgium\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_diaspora_in_France \"Chinese diaspora in France\") [Paris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_community_in_Paris \"Chinese community in Paris\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Germany \"Chinese people in Germany\") [Nazi era](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Chinese_people_in_Nazi_Germany \"Persecution of Chinese people in Nazi Germany\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Ireland \"Chinese people in Ireland\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_the_Netherlands \"Chinese people in the Netherlands\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Chinese \"British Chinese\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Chinese_cuisine \"British Chinese cuisine\") [from Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_people_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_community_in_London \"Chinese community in London\") [Triads](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triads_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Triads in the United Kingdom\") |\n| Southern | [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Italy \"Chinese people in Italy\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Portugal \"Chinese people in Portugal\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Spain \"Chinese people in Spain\") |\n| Eastern | [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Bulgaria \"Chinese people in Bulgaria\") [Czech Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_the_Czech_Republic \"Chinese people in the Czech Republic\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_of_Romania \"Chinese of Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Russia \"Ethnic Chinese in Russia\") [Soviet deportations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_deportations_of_Chinese_people \"Soviet deportations of Chinese people\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Serbia \"Chinese people in Serbia\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Turkey \"Chinese people in Turkey\") |\n| Oceania | [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Australians \"Chinese Australians\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Chinese_cuisine \"Australian Chinese cuisine\") [restaurants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_restaurants_in_Australia \"Chinese restaurants in Australia\") [Chinese Methodist Church in Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Methodist_Church_in_Australia \"Chinese Methodist Church in Australia\") [Hong Kong Australians](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Australians \"Hong Kong Australians\") [Taiwanese Australians](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwanese_Australians \"Taiwanese Australians\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Fiji \"Chinese in Fiji\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_immigration_to_Hawaii \"Chinese immigration to Hawaii\") [Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Palau \"Chinese in Palau\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_New_Zealanders \"Chinese New Zealanders\") [cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_Chinese_cuisine \"New Zealand Chinese cuisine\") [Papua New Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Papua_New_Guinea \"Chinese people in Papua New Guinea\") [Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Samoa \"Chinese in Samoa\") [Tonga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Tonga \"Chinese in Tonga\") |\n| People | [List of British Chinese people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_British_Chinese_people \"List of British Chinese people\") [List of Chinese diaspora people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_diaspora_people \"List of Chinese diaspora people\") [List of Chinese Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_Americans \"List of Chinese Americans\") [List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_foreign_politicians_of_Chinese_descent \"List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent\") [List of heads of state and government of Chinese descent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_of_Chinese_descent \"List of heads of state and government of Chinese descent\") [List of naturalised Olympic table tennis players from China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_naturalised_Olympic_table_tennis_players_from_China \"List of naturalised Olympic table tennis players from China\") [List of Malaysians of Chinese descent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Malaysians_of_Chinese_descent \"List of Malaysians of Chinese descent\") |\n| Organizations | [All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All-China_Federation_of_Returned_Overseas_Chinese \"All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese\") [Association of Chinese Professionals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_of_Chinese_Professionals \"Association of Chinese Professionals\") [Asiatic Exclusion League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asiatic_Exclusion_League \"Asiatic Exclusion League\") [Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Consolidated_Benevolent_Association \"Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association\") [Chinese Congress on World Evangelization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Congress_on_World_Evangelization \"Chinese Congress on World Evangelization\") [Chinese Empire Reform Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Empire_Reform_Association \"Chinese Empire Reform Association\") [Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Hand_Laundry_Alliance \"Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance\") [Chinese Music Society of North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Music_Society_of_North_America \"Chinese Music Society of North America\") [Chinese Students and Scholars Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Students_and_Scholars_Association \"Chinese Students and Scholars Association\") [Citizen Power Initiatives for China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizen_Power_Initiatives_for_China \"Citizen Power Initiatives for China\") [Confucius Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucius_Institute \"Confucius Institute\") [Criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_Confucius_Institutes \"Criticism of Confucius Institutes\") [Eng Suey Sun Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eng_Suey_Sun_Association \"Eng Suey Sun Association\") [Free Tibet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Tibet \"Free Tibet\") [Gin Family Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gin_Family_Association \"Gin Family Association\") [Hanban](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanban \"Hanban\") [Lung Kong Tin Yee Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lung_Kong_Tin_Yee_Association \"Lung Kong Tin Yee Association\") [List of Chinese American associations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_American_associations \"List of Chinese American associations\") [Overseas Chinese Affairs Office](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office \"Overseas Chinese Affairs Office\") [Overseas Chinese banks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese_banks \"Overseas Chinese banks\") [Overseas Chinese History Museum of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese_History_Museum_of_China \"Overseas Chinese History Museum of China\") [Overseas Chinese University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese_University \"Overseas Chinese University\") [Overseas Community Affairs Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Community_Affairs_Council \"Overseas Community Affairs Council\") [Tong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tong_\\(organization\\) \"Tong (organization)\") [Tong Wars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tong_Wars \"Tong Wars\") [Tongmenghui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tongmenghui \"Tongmenghui\") [Triad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triad_\\(organized_crime\\) \"Triad (organized crime)\") |\n| [Chinese schools](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_school \"Chinese school\") | [Chinese as a foreign language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_as_a_foreign_language \"Chinese as a foreign language\") [Hwa Chong Institution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwa_Chong_Institution \"Hwa Chong Institution\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lists_of_Chinese_national-type_primary_schools_in_Malaysia \"Lists of Chinese national-type primary schools in Malaysia\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_schools_in_the_Philippines \"List of Chinese schools in the Philippines\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_language_schools_in_Taiwan_for_foreign_students \"List of Chinese language schools in Taiwan for foreign students\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_schools_in_the_United_States \"List of Chinese schools in the United States\") [Association of Chinese Schools](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_of_Chinese_Schools \"Association of Chinese Schools\") |\n| Other | [Anti-Chinese sentiment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment \"Anti-Chinese sentiment\") [Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aid_Refugee_Chinese_Intellectuals \"Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals\") [Chinese Bridge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Bridge \"Chinese Bridge\") [Chinese emigration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_emigration \"Chinese emigration\") [Chinese restaurant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_restaurant \"Chinese restaurant\") [List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_restaurants \"List of Chinese restaurants\") [Chinatown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinatown \"Chinatown\") [Lists of Chinatowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lists_of_Chinatowns \"Lists of Chinatowns\") [Social issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_issues_in_Chinatowns \"Social issues in Chinatowns\") [Chinese intelligence activity abroad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad \"Chinese intelligence activity abroad\") [Chinese police overseas service stations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_police_overseas_service_stations \"Chinese police overseas service stations\") [Chinese New Year](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_New_Year \"Chinese New Year\") [Dragon boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\") [Dragon Boat Festival]() [Jook-sing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jook-sing \"Jook-sing\") [Kongsi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kongsi \"Kongsi\") [Language and overseas Chinese communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Language_and_overseas_Chinese_communities \"Language and overseas Chinese communities\") [Legislation on Chinese Indonesians](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legislation_on_Chinese_Indonesians \"Legislation on Chinese Indonesians\") [Love Boat (study tour)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Love_Boat_\\(study_tour\\) \"Love Boat (study tour)\") [Operation Fox Hunt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Fox_Hunt \"Operation Fox Hunt\") [Operation Sky Net](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Sky_Net \"Operation Sky Net\") [Qingtianese diaspora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingtianese_diaspora \"Qingtianese diaspora\") [Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Snakehead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snakehead_\\(gang\\) \"Snakehead (gang)\") [Transnational lawfare by China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transnational_lawfare_by_China \"Transnational lawfare by China\") [Transnational repression by China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transnational_repression_by_China \"Transnational repression by China\") [Yellow Peril](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_Peril \"Yellow Peril\") |\n| 1 An [overseas department](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_department \"Overseas department\") of France in the western Indian Ocean. *See also*: [Hong Kong Diaspora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Hongkong_Disapora \"Template:Hongkong Disapora\"), [Taiwan Diaspora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Taiwanese_diaspora \"Template:Taiwanese diaspora\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan \"Template:Public holidays in Taiwan\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan \"Template talk:Public holidays in Taiwan\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Public holidays in Taiwan\")[![Taiwan](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/72\/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan \"Taiwan\") [Public holidays in Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_in_Taiwan \"Public holidays in Taiwan\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Founding Day of the Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_\\(1912\\)#Establishment_of_government \"Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)\") [Lunar New Year's Eve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwanese_New_Year#Customs_and_Traditions#Preparations_Before_the_New_Year \"Taiwanese New Year\") [Lunar New Year Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwanese_New_Year#Customs_and_Traditions#Preparations_Before_the_New_Year \"Taiwanese New Year\") (first 3 days of the period) [Peace Memorial Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Memorial_Day \"Peace Memorial Day\") [Children's Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Children%27s_Day \"Children's Day\") [Tomb Sweeping Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingming_Festival \"Qingming Festival\") [Labor Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Labor_Day \"Labor Day\") [Dragon Boat Festival]() [Confucius' Birthday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucius%27_Birthday \"Confucius' Birthday\") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mid-Autumn_Festival \"Mid-Autumn Festival\") [National Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China \"National Day of the Republic of China\") [Retrocession Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Retrocession_Day \"Retrocession Day\") [Constitution Day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_Day \"Constitution Day\") | [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/96\/Flag_map_of_Taiwan_%28ROC%29.svg\/60px-Flag_map_of_Taiwan_%28ROC%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flag_map_of_Taiwan_\\(ROC\\).svg) |\n\n[Portals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals \"Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\"):\n\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:China \"Portal:China\")\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Calendar_icon.svg\/20px-Calendar_icon.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Calendar_icon.svg) [Holidays](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Holidays \"Portal:Holidays\")\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1254268#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/sh85039279) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987012431007605171) |\n| Other | [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/concept\/4a340d29-25d4-409a-86a1-2c68b0a8527f) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&oldid=1341522553>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Boat festivals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Boat_festivals \"Category:Boat festivals\")\n- [Dragon boat racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Dragon_boat_racing \"Category:Dragon boat racing\")\n- [Festivals in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Festivals_in_China \"Category:Festivals in China\")\n- [Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity \"Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\")\n- [May observances](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:May_observances \"Category:May observances\")\n- [June observances](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:June_observances \"Category:June observances\")\n- [Observances set by the Chinese calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Observances_set_by_the_Chinese_calendar \"Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar\")\n- [Public holidays in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Public_holidays_in_China \"Category:Public holidays in China\")\n- [Public holidays in Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong \"Category:Public holidays in Hong Kong\")\n- [Public holidays in Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan \"Category:Public holidays in Taiwan\")\n- [Summer in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Summer_in_China \"Category:Summer in China\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [Articles containing Chinese-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text \"Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text\")\n- [Articles containing Portuguese-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text \"Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text\")\n- [Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_Portuguese-language_sources_\\(pt\\) \"Category:Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)\")\n- [Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_\\(zh\\) \"Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)\")\n- [Webarchive template wayback links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links \"Category:Webarchive template wayback links\")\n- [CS1 errors: periodical ignored](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored \"Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored\")\n- [CS1 interwiki-linked names](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names \"Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names\")\n- [CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_\\(ja\\) \"Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)\")\n- [CS1 maint: location missing publisher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher \"Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher\")\n- [CS1 maint: location](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location \"Category:CS1 maint: location\")\n- [CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_\\(zh\\) \"Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)\")\n- [All articles with dead external links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links \"Category:All articles with dead external links\")\n- [Articles with dead external links from February 2024](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2024 \"Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2024\")\n- [Articles with permanently dead external links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links \"Category:Articles with permanently dead external links\")\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short description\")\n- [Short description is different from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata \"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\")\n- [Use dmy dates from June 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2021 \"Category:Use dmy dates from June 2021\")\n- [Infobox holiday with missing field](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Infobox_holiday_with_missing_field \"Category:Infobox holiday with missing field\")\n- [Infobox holiday (other)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Infobox_holiday_\\(other\\) \"Category:Infobox holiday (other)\")\n- [Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text \"Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text\")\n- [Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text \"Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text\")\n- [Pages using template Zh with sup tags](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Pages_using_template_Zh_with_sup_tags \"Category:Pages using template Zh with sup tags\")\n- [All articles with unsourced statements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements \"Category:All articles with unsourced statements\")\n- [Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023 \"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023\")\n- [Commons category link from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata \"Category:Commons category link from Wikidata\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 3 March 2026, at 17:47 (UTC).\n- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License \"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\"); additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms_of_Use \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms of Use\") and [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy policy\"). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nDragon Boat Festival\n\n45 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival)","attrs_readable_markdown":"| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg\/250px-Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)*Dragon Boat Festival* (18th century) |   |\n| Observed by | Chinese |\n| Type | Cultural |\n| Observances | Dragon boat racing, consumption of [realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\") and *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")* |\n| Date | Fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_lunisolar_calendar \"Chinese lunisolar calendar\") |\n| 2025 date | 31 May |\n| 2026 date | 19 June |\n| 2027 date | 9 June |\n| 2028 date | 28 May |\n| Frequency | Annual |\n| Related to | [Tango no sekku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_no_sekku \"Tango no sekku\"), [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\"), [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D \"Tết Đoan Ngọ\"), [Yukka Nu Hii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yukka_Nu_Hii \"Yukka Nu Hii\") |\n\n| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\")** |   |\n| Country | [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\") |\n| Reference | [225](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/00225) |\n| Region | [Asia and the Pacific](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity\/APA \"Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\/APA\") |\n| Inscription history |   |\n| Inscription | 2009 (4th session) |\n| [List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\") | Representative |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3e\/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg\/120px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg)   UNESCO Cultural Heritage |   |\n\n| Gangneung Danoje Festival |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\")** |   |\n| Country | [Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea \"Korea\") |\n| Reference | [114](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/00114) |\n| Region | [Asia and the Pacific](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity\/APA \"Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity\/APA\") |\n| Inscription history |   |\n| Inscription | 2008 |\n\n| Chinese name |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 端午节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 端午節 |\n| Literal meaning | Midyear festival |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Standard Mandarin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese \"Standard Chinese\") |   |\n| [Hanyu Pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanyu_Pinyin \"Hanyu Pinyin\") | Duānwǔ jié |\n| [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\") | Tuan1\\-wu3 chieh2 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") | [\\[twán.ù tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") |\n| [Yue: Cantonese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantonese \"Cantonese\") |   |\n| [Yale Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese \"Yale romanization of Cantonese\") | Dyūn ńgh jit |\n| [Jyutping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jyutping \"Jyutping\") | Dyun1 Ng5 Zit3 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Cantonese \"Help:IPA\/Cantonese\") | [\\[tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Cantonese \"Help:IPA\/Cantonese\") |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Toan-ngó͘-cheh Toan-ngó͘-choeh Toan-ngó͘-chiat |\n| Dragon Boat Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 龙船节 \/ 龙舟节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 龍船節 \/ 龍舟節 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Standard Mandarin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese \"Standard Chinese\") |   |\n| [Hanyu Pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanyu_Pinyin \"Hanyu Pinyin\") | Lóngchuánjié \/ Lóngzhōujié |\n| [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\") | Lung2\\-chʻuan2\\-chieh2 \/ Lung2\\-chou1\\-chieh2 |\n| [IPA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") | [\\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") \/ [\\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mandarin \"Help:IPA\/Mandarin\") |\n| Double Fifth Festival Fifth Month Festival Fifth Day Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 重五节 \/ 双五节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 重五節 \/ 雙五節 五月節 五日節 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Gō͘-go̍eh-cheh \/ Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh \/ Gō͘-li̍t-choeh |\n| Dumpling Festival |   |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 肉粽节 |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 肉糭節 |\n| Literal meaning | Meat *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")* festival |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Southern Min](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min \"Southern Min\") |   |\n| [Hokkien](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokkien \"Hokkien\") [POJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\") | Bah-chàng-cheh \/ Bah-chàng-choeh |\n| Portuguese name |   |\n| [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\") | *Festividade do Barco-Dragão* |\n\nThe **Dragon Boat Festival** ([traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\"): 端午節; [simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 端午节; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Duānwǔ jié*; [Cantonese Yale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese \"Yale romanization of Cantonese\"): *Dyūnńgh jit*[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-5)), also known as the **Tuen Ng Festival** in Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_calendar \"Chinese calendar\"), which corresponds to late May or early June in the [Gregorian calendar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar \"Gregorian calendar\"). The holiday commemorates [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\") who was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese [state of Chu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_Chu \"State of Chu\") during the [Warring States period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warring_States_period \"Warring States period\"), about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding [dragon boat races](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_races \"Dragon boat races\") and eating sticky rice dumplings called *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*, which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat.\n\nIn September 2009, [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\") officially approved the holiday's inclusion in the [Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists \"UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists\"), becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-7)\n\nOther than \"Dragon Boat Festival\", [\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick20111-8) used as the official English translation of the holiday by the [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-prc-9), and \"Tuen Ng Festival\", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as **Double Fifth Festival** which alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-10)\n\nThe Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different [Chinese languages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_languages \"Chinese languages\"). *Duanwu* (端午) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first \"fifth day\" of the month according to the [Chinese zodiac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_zodiac \"Chinese zodiac\").[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-heibonsha-tango-11)[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-14) However, despite the literal meaning referring to the [Earthly Branches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earthly_Branches \"Earthly Branches\"), this character has also become associated with *wǔ* (五; *wu3*; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence *Duanwu*, the festival on \"the fifth day of the fifth month\".[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-chen2016-15)\n\nThe fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) To get rid of the misfortune, people would put [calamus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acorus_calamus \"Acorus calamus\"), [Artemisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artemisia_\\(plant\\) \"Artemisia (plant)\"), and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) These were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords).[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\nVenomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions;[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-18) people also supposedly get sick easily after this day.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) For example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-19) Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg\/250px-Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)\n\n17th century depiction of [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\")\n\nThe story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister [Qu Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu_Yuan \"Qu Yuan\") (c. 340–278 BC) of the [ancient state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_\\(Chinese\\) \"State (Chinese)\") of [Chu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chu_\\(state\\) \"Chu (state)\") during the [Warring States period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warring_States_period \"Warring States period\") of the [Zhou dynasty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhou_dynasty \"Zhou dynasty\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) A cadet member of the [Chu royal house](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mi_\\(surname\\) \"Mi (surname)\"), Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of [Qin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qin_\\(state\\) \"Qin (state)\"), Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of [poetry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_poetry \"Chinese poetry\"). Eventually, Qin captured [Ying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ying_\\(Chu\\) \"Ying (Chu)\"), the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan [committed suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Committed_suicide \"Committed suicide\") by drowning himself in the [Miluo River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miluo_River \"Miluo River\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)\n\nIt is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This is said to have been the origin of [dragon boat races](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_race \"Dragon boat race\").[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of [sticky rice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sticky_rice \"Sticky rice\") into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20)\n\nDuring the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of [Chinese nationalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_nationalism \"Chinese nationalism\") in the People's Republic of China after the 1949 [Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Communist_Revolution \"Chinese Communist Revolution\"). The historian and writer [Guo Moruo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guo_Moruo \"Guo Moruo\") was influential in shaping this view of Qu.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-21)\n\nAnother origin story says that the festival commemorates [Wu Zixu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Zixu \"Wu Zixu\") (died 484 BC), a statesman of the [Kingdom of Wu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_\\(state\\) \"Wu (state)\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) King [Goujian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goujian \"Goujian\") of the [state of Yue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yue_\\(state\\) \"Yue (state)\") sends [Xi Shi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xi_Shi \"Xi Shi\"), a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King [Fuchai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuchai \"Fuchai\") from state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as [Suzhou](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suzhou,_Jiangsu \"Suzhou, Jiangsu\"), Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG\/250px-Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)\n\nThe front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the [Cao'e River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao%27e_River \"Cao'e River\") in [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu \"Shangyu\"), Zhejiang\n\nAlthough Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast [Jiangsu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jiangsu \"Jiangsu\") and Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern [Zhejiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\"), including the cities of [Shaoxing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaoxing \"Shaoxing\"), [Ningbo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ningbo \"Ningbo\") and [Zhoushan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhoushan \"Zhoushan\"), celebrates the memory of the young girl [Cao E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao_E \"Cao E\") (130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu (曹盱) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu \"Shangyu\"). In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the [Shun River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shun_River \"Shun River\"). Cao E, in an act of [filial piety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filial_piety \"Filial piety\"), searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in [Shangyu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shangyu,_Shaoxing \"Shangyu, Shaoxing\") dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-22)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg\/250px-Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)\n\n[Dragon boat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\") races at [Dajia Riverside Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dajia_Riverside_Park \"Dajia Riverside Park\") in [Taipei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei \"Taipei\")\n\nCao E is depicted in the *[Wu Shuang Pu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Shuang_Pu \"Wu Shuang Pu\")* (\"Table of Peerless Heroes\") by Jin Guliang.\n\n### Pre-existing holiday\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Pre-existing holiday\")\\]\n\nSome modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by [Confucian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confucius \"Confucius\") scholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-23)\n\nThe stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in [Sima Qian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sima_Qian \"Sima Qian\")'s *[Shiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiji \"Shiji\")*, completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters.\n\nAccording to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and [rice growing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rice_growing \"Rice growing\") in southern China.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) As recently as 1952 the American sociologist [Wolfram Eberhard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfram_Eberhard \"Wolfram Eberhard\") wrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)\n\nAnother theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from [dragon worship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_dragon \"Chinese dragon\").[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This theory was advanced by [Wen Yiduo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wen_Yiduo \"Wen Yiduo\"). Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*. The food may have originally represented an offering to the [dragon king](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_king \"Dragon king\"), while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active *yang* energy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats.\n\nAnother suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in [ancient Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Korea \"Ancient Korea\"), mountain gods (see [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\")). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday.\n\nIn the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous\/Venomous Insects ([traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\"): 毒蟲節; [simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\"): 毒虫节; [pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinyin \"Pinyin\"): *Dúchóng jié*; [Wade–Giles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wade%E2%80%93Giles \"Wade–Giles\"): *Tu2\\-chʻung2\\-chieh2*). [Yu Der Ling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princess_Der_Ling \"Princess Der Ling\") writes in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir *Two Years in the Forbidden City*:\n\n> The first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival. ... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-26)\n\nIn 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a [national public holiday in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_in_China \"Public holidays in China\").[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-27)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg\/250px-Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum,_Beijing.jpg)\n\n*[Dragon boat race](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_race \"Dragon boat race\")* by Li Zhaodao (675–758)\n\nThe festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan \"Taiwan\"). The [People's Republic of China's government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_China \"Government of China\") established in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-28)[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-29)\n\nThe Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the [Chinese communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_diaspora \"Chinese diaspora\") of Southeast Asia, including [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_of_Singapore \"Public holidays of Singapore\") and [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_holidays_of_Malaysia \"Public holidays of Malaysia\"). In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-30) Equivalent and related official festivals include the Korean [Dano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dano_\\(Korean_festival\\) \"Dano (Korean festival)\"),[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-31) Japanese *[Tango no sekku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_no_sekku \"Tango no sekku\")*,[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) and Vietnamese [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D \"Tết Đoan Ngọ\").[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32)\n\n## Practices and activities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Practices and activities\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg\/250px-%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)\n\nSection of *Dragon Boat Regatta* by [Wang Zhenpeng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Zhenpeng_\\(painter\\) \"Wang Zhenpeng (painter)\") (fl. 1275–1330)\n\nThree of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing) *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*, drinking [realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\"), and racing [dragon boats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat \"Dragon boat\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-33)\n\n[Dragon boat racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_boat_racing \"Dragon boat racing\") has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of *[zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\")*.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Zongzi.jpg\/250px-Zongzi.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zongzi.jpg)\n\nRed Bean Rice Dumpling\n\n### Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)\")\\]\n\nA notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping [glutinous rice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutinous_rice \"Glutinous rice\") and fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) jujube,[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\n[Zongzi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zongzi \"Zongzi\") appeared before the [Spring and Autumn period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spring_and_Autumn_period \"Spring and Autumn period\") and were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine *yizhiren* (*[Alpinia oxyphylla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpinia_oxyphylla \"Alpinia oxyphylla\")*) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called *yizhi zong*.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-34)\n\n'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu, [Zhejiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\") and [Huangshan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huangshan \"Huangshan\") area have the custom to eat \"five yellow\", which refers to five different foods with \"yellow\" in names. \\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n[Realgar wine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar_wine \"Realgar wine\") or Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered [realgar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realgar \"Realgar\"), a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) On the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-35)\n\n### 5-colored silk-threaded braid\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: 5-colored silk-threaded braid\")\\]\n\nIn some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the [five elements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuxing_\\(Chinese_philosophy\\) \"Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)\")) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) People believe that this will help keep evil away.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)\n\nOther common activities include hanging up icons of [Zhong Kui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhong_Kui \"Zhong Kui\") (a mythic guardian figure), hanging [mugwort](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mugwort \"Mugwort\") and [calamus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calamus_\\(palm\\) \"Calamus (palm)\"), taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-36)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this \"game\" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing [spells](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magic_\\(paranormal\\) \"Magic (paranormal)\"). All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being.\n\nIn the early years of the [Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_\\(1912%E2%80%931949\\) \"Republic of China (1912–1949)\"), Duanwu was celebrated as the \"Poets' Day\" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition, [balancing an egg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egg-balancing \"Egg-balancing\") on Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-dbfest-37)\n\nThe sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the [Chinese dragon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_dragon \"Chinese dragon\"), traditionally represents [masculine energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yang_\\(concept\\) \"Yang (concept)\"), whereas the moon, like the [phoenix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fenghuang \"Fenghuang\"), traditionally represents [feminine energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yin_\\(concept\\) \"Yin (concept)\"). The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-38)\n\n- [![Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg\/330px-Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg \"Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan\")\n  *Hari* in [Tomigusuku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomigusuku \"Tomigusuku\"), [Okinawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture \"Okinawa Prefecture\"), Japan\n- [![A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG\/330px-Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG \"A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008\")\n  A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008\n- [![Uncooked zongzi](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Bakcang.JPG\/330px-Bakcang.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bakcang.JPG \"Uncooked zongzi\")\n- [![Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Pehcun_Festival.jpg\/500px-Pehcun_Festival.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pehcun_Festival.jpg \"Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia\")\n  Egg balancing in [Tangerang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tangerang \"Tangerang\"), Indonesia\n- [![Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg\/500px-Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg \"Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \\\"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\\\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)\")\n  Taiwan's president [Ma Ying-jeou](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma_Ying-jeou \"Ma Ying-jeou\") visiting [Liang Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liang_Island \"Liang Island\") before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010)  \n   The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\"  \n  (恭祝總統端節愉快)\n\n- [Bon Om Touk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bon_Om_Touk \"Bon Om Touk\")\n- [Traditional Chinese holidays](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_holidays \"Traditional Chinese holidays\")\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-5)** In [Cantonese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantonese_language \"Cantonese language\"), it is [romanized](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanization_of_Cantonese \"Romanization of Cantonese\") as *Tuen1 Ng5 Jit3* in Hong Kong and *Tung1 Ng5 Jit3* in [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macau \"Macau\"), hence the name \"Tuen Ng Festival\" used in [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong \"Hong Kong\"),[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-hk-1) and *Tun Ng* (*Festividade do Barco-Dragão* in [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\")) in Macau.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-mac-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-4)\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-14)** Also suggested to mean \"Beginning of Noon\",[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe1983141-12) or \"High Noon Festival\",[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-taiwan-foreign-ministry1-13) since \"horse\" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day.\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-hk_1-0)** GovHK. \" [General holidays for 2014](http:\/\/www.gov.hk\/en\/about\/abouthk\/holiday\/index.htm)\". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-mac_2-0)** Macau Government Tourist Office. \"[Calendar of Events](http:\/\/www.macautourism.gov.mo\/events\/calendar.php)\". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-3)** Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. \"[Ordem Executiva \\#60\/2000](http:\/\/bo.io.gov.mo\/bo\/i\/2000\/40\/ordem60.asp)\". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Portuguese)\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-4)** Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《[第60\/2000號行政命令](http:\/\/bo.io.gov.mo\/bo\/i\/2000\/40\/ordem60_cn.asp#60)》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Chinese)\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage\"](https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/dragon-boat-festival-00225). UNESCO. September 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2023.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日\"](http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5OTQ5NDQyNg==&mid=2247534262&idx=1&sn=96fbfdffe59d4c4312814ec8fc9064a7&chksm=ec97bbc3dbe032d55be18bc3b0a5a6cf37a32e51a4a3345a7c29976673587b2dabd700379353#rd). *Weixin Official Accounts Platform*. Retrieved 22 June 2023.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick20111_8-0)** [Chittick (2011)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFChittick2011), p. 1.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-prc_9-0)** Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. \"[Holidays](http:\/\/english.gov.cn\/2005-08\/16\/content_23785.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120502100026\/http:\/\/english.gov.cn\/2005-08\/16\/content_23785.htm) May 2, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-10)** \"[Double Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival](http:\/\/tour.tncg.gov.tw\/English\/culture\/ct01.asp?type=12) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080506213724\/http:\/\/tour.tncg.gov.tw\/English\/culture\/ct01.asp?type=12) May 6, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\".\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-heibonsha-tango_11-0)**\n    [Inahata, Kōichirō](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A8%B2%E7%95%91%E8%80%95%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E \"ja:稲畑耕一郎\") \\[in Japanese\\] (2007).\n    \n    [*Tango* 端午 (たんご)](https:\/\/japanknowledge.asia-u.ac.jp\/introduction\/keyword.html)\n    \n    .\n    \n    世界大百科事典\n    \n    (revised, new ed.). Heibonsha.\n    \n    via Japanknowledge.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowe1983141_12-0)** [Lowe (1983)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFLowe1983), p. 141.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-taiwan-foreign-ministry1_13-0)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/taiwantoday.tw\/news.php?unit=20,20,29,35,35,45&post=26089). *Taiwan Today*. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-chen2016_15-0)**\n    Chen, Sanping (January–March 2016). \"Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?\". *Journal of the American Oriental Society*. **136** (1): 30–31\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7817%2Fjameroriesoci.136.1.117). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [10\\.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7817\/jameroriesoci.136.1.117).\n14. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-15) [***q***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-16) [***r***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-17)\n    Wei, Liming (2010). *Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals* (Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 36–43\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9787508516936](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9787508516936 \"Special:BookSources\/9787508516936\")\n    \n    .\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher \"Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher\"))\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-15)\n    Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). *Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China*. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 41–50\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [0-8351-2481-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8351-2481-9 \"Special:BookSources\/0-8351-2481-9\")\n    \n    .\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。\"](https:\/\/taiwan.cri.cn\/2015-6-17\/5ed30bc1-60c0-4a0a-89e8-a4ba00934d89.html) \\[en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.\\]. *taiwan.cri.cn*. Retrieved 27 March 2025.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-19)**\n    Liu, L. (2011). *'Beijing Review' Color Photographs*. vol. 54, issue 23. pp. 42–43\\.\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location \"Category:CS1 maint: location\")) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher \"Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher\"))\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-2) [SCMP](http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/portal\/site\/SCMP\/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0\/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News).\" *Earthquake and floods make for the muted festival.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120625104853\/http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/portal\/site\/SCMP\/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0\/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News) 25 June 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-21)**\n    Zikpi, Monica E M (2014). [\"Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan\"](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43490204). *Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews*. **36**: 175–200\\. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0161-9705](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0161-9705). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [43490204](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43490204). Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170404220341\/http:\/\/www.dragonboatfestival.tk\/2017\/04\/dragon-boat-festival-history.html). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.dragonboatfestival.tk\/2017\/04\/dragon-boat-festival-history.html) on 4 April 2017.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/arts-culture\/the-legends-behind-the-dragon-boat-festival-135634582\/). *Smithsonian*. 14 May 2009.\n22. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-1)\n    Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). \"The dragon-boat festival\". *Chinese Festivals*. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 69–96\\.\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-1)\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded\"](http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/english\/doc\/2004-06\/22\/content_341276.htm). *www.chinadaily.com.cn*. Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-26)**\n    Yü, Der Ling (1911). *Two Years in the Forbidden City*. T. F. Unwin.\n    \n    [Project Gutenberg](http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/889\/889-h\/889-h.htm)\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-27)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"](https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202106\/14\/WS60c69dcba31024ad0bac691b.html). *www.chinadaily.com.cn*. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-28)** People's Daily. \"[Peopledaily](http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200506\/25\/eng20050625_192259.html).\" *China to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-29)** Xinhua Net. \"[First day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2008-06\/08\/content_8326884.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131222045755\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2008-06\/08\/content_8326884.htm) 2013-12-22 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\").\" Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"粽子飘香传情意 黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安\"](https:\/\/www.zaobao.com.sg\/realtime\/singapore\/story20250531-6528257). *[Lianhe Zaobao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lianhe_Zaobao \"Lianhe Zaobao\")* (in Chinese). [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\"). 31 May 2025. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250531051118\/https:\/\/www.zaobao.com.sg\/realtime\/singapore\/story20250531-6528257) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races\"](http:\/\/www.chinaheritagequarterly.org\/features.php?searchterm=011_duanwu.inc&issue=011). *China Heritage Quarterly*. September 2007.\n30. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-1) Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric *et al* (2005). \"Tango no Sekku\" in [Japan Encyclopedia*, pp. 948.*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA948), p. 948, at [Google Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Books \"Google Books\")\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-33)** [\"Dragon Boat Festival\"](http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/english\/features\/Festivals\/78316.htm). *[China Internet Information Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_Internet_Information_Center \"China Internet Information Center\")*. Retrieved 12 June 2013.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-34)**\n    Yuan, He (2015). [\"Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi\"](http:\/\/lib.cqvip.com\/qk\/85099X\/201506\/666955605.html). *Journal of Nanning Polytechnic*.\n    \n    \\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-35)**\n    Huang, Shaorong (December 1991). [\"Chinese Traditional Festivals\"](https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). *The Journal of Popular Culture*. **25** (3): 163–180\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1111\/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). Retrieved 28 March 2023.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay\"](https:\/\/s.chinadailyhk.com\/m26RJ3). *chinadailyhk*.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-dbfest_37-0)** Huang, Ottavia. *Hmmm, This Is What I Think*: \"[Dragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg](http:\/\/ottaviahuang.blogspot.de\/2012\/06\/dragon-boat-festiva-time-to-balance-egg.html)\". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-38)**\n    [Chan, Arlene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arlene_Chan \"Arlene Chan\") & al. *Paddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada*, [p. 27](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=LVj3enfaK5IC&pg=PA27). Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-55488-395-0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-55488-395-0 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-55488-395-0\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 1 June 2011.\n\n- Chittick, Andrew (2011). \"The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing\". *Journal of Song-Yuan Studies*. **2011** (41): 1–28\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1353\/sys.2011.0025](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353%2Fsys.2011.0025). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [23496206](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23496206). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [162282148](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:162282148).\n- Lowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) \\[1983\\]. [\"The Dragon Boat Festival\"](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=a87_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141). *The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man*. Translated by [Bodde, Derk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derk_Bodde \"Derk Bodde\"). Princeton University Press. pp. 141–148\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.2307\/j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2Fj.ctt7ztjmr.20). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9781400855896](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781400855896 \"Special:BookSources\/9781400855896\")\n  \n  . [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt7ztjmr.20).\n\n- [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Duanwu Festival](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Duanwu_Festival \"commons:Category:Duanwu Festival\") at Wikimedia Commons","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

11 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.4 months ago (distributed domain, exempt)
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival
Last Crawled	2026-03-26 11:13:40 (11 days ago)
First Indexed	2015-06-18 05:38:02 (10 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Dragon Boat Festival - Wikipedia
Meta Description	null
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival (18th century) Observed by Chinese Type Cultural Observances Dragon boat racing, consumption of realgar wine and zongzi Date Fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar 2025 date 31 May 2026 date 19 June 2027 date 9 June 2028 date 28 May Frequency Annual Related to Tango no sekku , Dano , Tết Đoan Ngọ , Yukka Nu Hii Dragon Boat Festival UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Country China Reference 225 Region Asia and the Pacific Inscription history Inscription 2009 (4th session) List Representative UNESCO Cultural Heritage Gangneung Danoje Festival UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Country Korea Reference 114 Region Asia and the Pacific Inscription history Inscription 2008 Chinese name Simplified Chinese 端午节 Traditional Chinese 端午節 Literal meaning Midyear festival Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Duānwǔ jié Wade–Giles Tuan 1 -wu 3 chieh 2 IPA [twán.ù tɕjě] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Dyūn ńgh jit Jyutping Dyun 1 Ng 5 Zit 3 IPA [tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Toan-ngó͘-cheh Toan-ngó͘-choeh Toan-ngó͘-chiat Dragon Boat Festival Simplified Chinese 龙船节 / 龙舟节 Traditional Chinese 龍船節 / 龍舟節 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Lóngchuánjié / Lóngzhōujié Wade–Giles Lung 2 -chʻuan 2 -chieh 2 / Lung 2 -chou 1 -chieh 2 IPA [lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě] / [lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě] Double Fifth Festival Fifth Month Festival Fifth Day Festival Simplified Chinese 重五节 / 双五节 Traditional Chinese 重五節 / 雙五節五月節五日節 Transcriptions Southern Min Hokkien POJ Gō͘-go̍eh-cheh / Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh / Gō͘-li̍t-choeh Dumpling Festival Simplified Chinese 肉粽节 Traditional Chinese 肉糭節 Literal meaning Meat zongzi festival Transcriptions Southern Min Hokkien POJ Bah-chàng-cheh / Bah-chàng-choeh Portuguese name Portuguese Festividade do Barco-Dragão The Dragon Boat Festival ( traditional Chinese : 端午節 ; simplified Chinese : 端午节 ; pinyin : Duānwǔ jié ; Cantonese Yale : Dyūnńgh jit [ a ] ), also known as the Tuen Ng Festival in Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar , which corresponds to late May or early June in the Gregorian calendar . The holiday commemorates Qu Yuan who was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese state of Chu during the Warring States period , about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding dragon boat races and eating sticky rice dumplings called zongzi , which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat. In September 2009, UNESCO officially approved the holiday's inclusion in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity , becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Other than "Dragon Boat Festival", [ 7 ] used as the official English translation of the holiday by the People's Republic of China . [ 8 ] , and "Tuen Ng Festival", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as Double Fifth Festival which alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar. [ 9 ] The Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different Chinese languages . Duanwu ( 端午 ) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first "fifth day" of the month according to the Chinese zodiac . [ 10 ] [ b ] However, despite the literal meaning referring to the Earthly Branches , this character has also become associated with wǔ ( 五 ; wu 3 ; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence Duanwu , the festival on "the fifth day of the fifth month". [ 13 ] The fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] To get rid of the misfortune, people would put calamus , Artemisia , and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] These were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords). [ 15 ] Venomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions; [ 16 ] people also supposedly get sick easily after this day. [ 15 ] Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck. [ 15 ] For example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider [ 15 ] ) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children. [ 17 ] Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck. 17th century depiction of Qu Yuan The story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister Qu Yuan ( c. 340 –278 BC) of the ancient state of Chu during the Warring States period of the Zhou dynasty . [ 18 ] A cadet member of the Chu royal house , Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of Qin , Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason. [ 18 ] During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of poetry . Eventually, Qin captured Ying , the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River . [ 14 ] It is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] This is said to have been the origin of dragon boat races . [ 15 ] When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of sticky rice into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of zongzi . [ 18 ] During the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of Chinese nationalism in the People's Republic of China after the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War . The historian and writer Guo Moruo was influential in shaping this view of Qu. [ 19 ] Another origin story says that the festival commemorates Wu Zixu (died 484 BC), a statesman of the Kingdom of Wu . [ 14 ] King Goujian of the state of Yue sends Xi Shi , a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King Fuchai from state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as Suzhou , Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival. The front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the Cao'e River in Shangyu , Zhejiang Although Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast Jiangsu and Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern Zhejiang , including the cities of Shaoxing , Ningbo and Zhoushan , celebrates the memory of the young girl Cao E (130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu ( 曹盱 ) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at Shangyu . In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the Shun River . Cao E, in an act of filial piety , searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in Shangyu dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor. [ 20 ] Dragon boat races at Dajia Riverside Park in Taipei Cao E is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu ("Table of Peerless Heroes") by Jin Guliang. Pre-existing holiday [ edit ] Some modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by Confucian scholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty. [ 21 ] The stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in Sima Qian 's Shiji , completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters. According to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and rice growing in southern China. [ 15 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] As recently as 1952 the American sociologist Wolfram Eberhard wrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north. [ 22 ] Another theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from dragon worship . [ 15 ] This theory was advanced by Wen Yiduo . Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and zongzi . The food may have originally represented an offering to the dragon king , while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active yang energy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats. Another suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in ancient Korea , mountain gods (see Dano ). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday. In the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous/Venomous Insects ( traditional Chinese : 毒蟲節 ; simplified Chinese : 毒虫节 ; pinyin : Dúchóng jié ; Wade–Giles : Tu 2 -chʻung 2 -chieh 2 ). Yu Der Ling writes in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir Two Years in the Forbidden City : The first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival. ... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing. [ 24 ] In 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a national public holiday in China . [ 25 ] Dragon boat race by Li Zhaodao (675–758) The festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan . The People's Republic of China's government established in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia, including Singapore and Malaysia . In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors. [ 28 ] Equivalent and related official festivals include the Korean Dano , [ 29 ] Japanese Tango no sekku , [ 30 ] and Vietnamese Tết Đoan Ngọ . [ 30 ] Practices and activities [ edit ] Section of Dragon Boat Regatta by Wang Zhenpeng (fl. 1275–1330) Three of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing) zongzi , drinking realgar wine , and racing dragon boats . [ 31 ] Dragon boat racing has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu. [ 14 ] He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king. [ 14 ] Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River. [ 14 ] The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed. [ 14 ] In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of zongzi . [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Red Bean Rice Dumpling Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings) [ edit ] A notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping glutinous rice and fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape. [ 14 ] The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions. [ 14 ] Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste, [ 15 ] jujube, [ 14 ] and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Zongzi appeared before the Spring and Autumn period and were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine yizhiren ( Alpinia oxyphylla ) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called yizhi zong . [ 32 ] 'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Huangshan area have the custom to eat "five yellow", which refers to five different foods with "yellow" in names. [ citation needed ] Realgar wine or Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered realgar , a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral. [ 14 ] It was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom. [ 14 ] [ 23 ] On the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures. [ 33 ] 5-colored silk-threaded braid [ edit ] In some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the five elements ) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival. [ 15 ] People believe that this will help keep evil away. [ 15 ] Other common activities include hanging up icons of Zhong Kui (a mythic guardian figure), hanging mugwort and calamus , taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags. [ 34 ] [ 14 ] Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this "game" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing spells . All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being. In the early years of the Republic of China , Duanwu was celebrated as the "Poets' Day" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition, balancing an egg on Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year. [ 35 ] The sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the Chinese dragon , traditionally represents masculine energy , whereas the moon, like the phoenix , traditionally represents feminine energy . The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival. [ 36 ] Hari in Tomigusuku , Okinawa , Japan A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008 Egg balancing in Tangerang , Indonesia Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: "Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival" ( 恭祝總統端節愉快 ) Bon Om Touk Traditional Chinese holidays ^ In Cantonese , it is romanized as Tuen 1 Ng 5 Jit 3 in Hong Kong and Tung 1 Ng 5 Jit 3 in Macau , hence the name "Tuen Ng Festival" used in Hong Kong , [ 1 ] and Tun Ng ( Festividade do Barco-Dragão in Portuguese ) in Macau. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] ^ Also suggested to mean "Beginning of Noon", [ 11 ] or "High Noon Festival", [ 12 ] since "horse" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day. ^ GovHK. " General holidays for 2014 ". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. ^ Macau Government Tourist Office. " Calendar of Events ". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013. ^ Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. " Ordem Executiva #60/2000 ". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Portuguese) ^ Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《第60/2000號行政命令》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Chinese) ^ "Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage" . UNESCO. September 2009 . Retrieved 22 June 2023 . ^ "端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日" . Weixin Official Accounts Platform . Retrieved 22 June 2023 . ^ Chittick (2011) , p. 1. ^ Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. " Holidays Archived May 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine ". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013. ^ " Double Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival Archived May 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine ". ^ Inahata, Kōichirō [in Japanese] (2007). Tango 端午 (たんご) . 世界大百科事典 (revised, new ed.). Heibonsha. via Japanknowledge. ^ Lowe (1983) , p. 141. ^ "Dragon Boat Festival" . Taiwan Today . Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967. ^ Chen, Sanping (January–March 2016). "Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?". Journal of the American Oriental Society . 136 (1): 30– 31. doi : 10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117 . JSTOR 10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Wei, Liming (2010). Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals (Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 36– 43. ISBN 9787508516936 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China . San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 41– 50. ISBN 0-8351-2481-9 . ^ "zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。" [en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.]. taiwan.cri.cn . Retrieved 27 March 2025 . ^ Liu, L. (2011). 'Beijing Review' Color Photographs . vol. 54, issue 23. pp. 42– 43. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location ( link ) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) ^ a b c SCMP ." Earthquake and floods make for the muted festival. Retrieved on 9 June 2008. Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine ^ Zikpi, Monica E M (2014). "Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan" . Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews . 36 : 175– 200. ISSN 0161-9705 . JSTOR 43490204 . Retrieved 11 March 2023 . ^ "The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River" . Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. ^ "The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival" . Smithsonian . 14 May 2009. ^ a b Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). "The dragon-boat festival". Chinese Festivals . New York: H. Wolff. pp. 69– 96. ^ a b "Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded" . www.chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 11 March 2023 . ^ Yü, Der Ling (1911). Two Years in the Forbidden City . T. F. Unwin. Project Gutenberg ^ "Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay" . www.chinadaily.com.cn . 14 June 2021 . Retrieved 11 March 2023 . ^ People's Daily. " Peopledaily ." China to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture. Retrieved on 9 June 2008. ^ Xinhua Net. " First day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition Archived 2013-12-22 at the Wayback Machine ." Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008. ^ "粽子飘香传情意黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安" . Lianhe Zaobao (in Chinese). Singapore . 31 May 2025. Archived from the original on 31 May 2025 . Retrieved 31 May 2025 . ^ "Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races" . China Heritage Quarterly . September 2007. ^ a b Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al (2005). "Tango no Sekku" in Japan Encyclopedia , pp. 948. , p. 948, at Google Books ^ "Dragon Boat Festival" . China Internet Information Center . Retrieved 12 June 2013. ^ Yuan, He (2015). "Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi" . Journal of Nanning Polytechnic . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Huang, Shaorong (December 1991). "Chinese Traditional Festivals" . The Journal of Popular Culture . 25 (3): 163– 180. doi : 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x . Retrieved 28 March 2023 . ^ "Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay" . chinadailyhk . ^ Huang, Ottavia. Hmmm, This Is What I Think : " Dragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg ". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013. ^ Chan, Arlene & al. Paddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada , p. 27 . Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009. ISBN 978-1-55488-395-0 . Retrieved 1 June 2011. Chittick, Andrew (2011). "The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies . 2011 (41): 1– 28. doi : 10.1353/sys.2011.0025 . JSTOR 23496206 . S2CID 162282148 . Lowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) [1983]. "The Dragon Boat Festival" . The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man . Translated by Bodde, Derk . Princeton University Press. pp. 141– 148. doi : 10.2307/j.ctt7ztjmr.20 . ISBN 9781400855896 . JSTOR j.ctt7ztjmr.20 . Media related to Duanwu Festival at Wikimedia Commons
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") Personal tools - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dragon+Boat+Festival "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival) - [1 Names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Names) - [2 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#History) Toggle History subsection - [2\.1 Origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Origin) - [2\.2 Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Qu_Yuan) - [2\.3 Wu Zixu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Wu_Zixu) - [2\.4 Cao E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Cao_E) - [2\.5 Pre-existing holiday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Pre-existing_holiday) - [2\.6 Early 20th century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Early_20th_century) - [2\.7 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#21st_century) - [3 Public holiday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Public_holiday) - [4 Practices and activities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Practices_and_activities) Toggle Practices and activities subsection - [4\.1 Dragon boat racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Dragon_boat_racing) - [4\.2 Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Zongzi_\(traditional_Chinese_rice_dumplings\)) - [4\.3 Food related to 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Food_related_to_5) - [4\.4 Realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Realgar_wine) - [4\.5 5-colored silk-threaded braid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#5-colored_silk-threaded_braid) - [5 Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Gallery) - [6 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#See_also) - [7 Explanatory notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Explanatory_notes) - [8 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#References) Toggle References subsection - [8\.1 Citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Citations) - [8\.2 Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#Bibliography) - [9 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Dragon Boat Festival 45 languages - [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakebootfees "Drakebootfees – Afrikaans") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86 "مهرجان قوارب التنين – Arabic") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA "Свята драконавых лодак – Belarusian") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8 "Празник на драконовите лодки – Bulgarian") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_del_Vaixell_del_Drac "Festival del Vaixell del Drac – Catalan") - [閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4-ngu%C5%8Fk-c%C3%A1ik "Ngô-nguŏk-cáik – Mindong") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_dra%C4%8D%C3%ADch_lod%C3%AD "Festival dračích lodí – Czech") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drachenbootfest "Drachenbootfest – German") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesta_del_Barco_del_Drag%C3%B3n "Fiesta del Barco del Dragón – Spanish") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7 "جشنواره قایق اژدها – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohik%C3%A4%C3%A4rmeveneiden_juhla "Lohikäärmeveneiden juhla – Finnish") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_des_bateaux-dragons "Festival des bateaux-dragons – French") - [客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî](https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83g-ngie%CC%8Dt-chiet "Ńg-ngie̍t-chiet – Hakka Chinese") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F "חג סירות הדרקון – Hebrew") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6 "Վիշապանավակների տոն – Armenian") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peh_Cun "Peh Cun – Indonesian") - [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drekab%C3%A1tah%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0in "Drekabátahátíðin – Icelandic") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_delle_barche_drago "Festa delle barche drago – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88 "端午 – Japanese") - [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98 "დრაკონის ნავების ფესტივალი – Georgian") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%98%A4 "단오 – Korean") - [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakono_val%C4%8Di%C5%B3_%C5%A1vent%C4%97 "Drakono valčių šventė – Lithuanian") - [मैथिली](https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5 "ड्रैगन बोट महोत्सव – Maithili") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Perahu_Naga "Festival Perahu Naga – Malay") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakenbootfeest "Drakenbootfeest – Dutch") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu "Duanwu – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Smoczych_%C5%81odzi "Święto Smoczych Łodzi – Polish") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_do_Barco-drag%C3%A3o "Festival do Barco-dragão – Portuguese") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA "Праздник драконьих лодок – Russian") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival "Dragon Boat Festival – Simple English") - [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_dra%C4%8D%C3%ADch_lod%C3%AD "Festival dračích lodí – Slovak") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0 "Фестивал змајевих чамаца – Serbian") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakb%C3%A5tsfesten "Drakbåtsfesten – Swedish") - [Sakizaya](https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/pisapa%E2%80%99cangan_a_kungku. "pisapa’cangan a kungku. – Sakizaya") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87 "เทศกาลไหว้บ๊ะจ่าง – Thai") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejderha_Teknesi_Festivali "Ejderha Teknesi Festivali – Turkish") - [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89 "ئەجدىرھا قولۋاق بايرىمى – Uyghur") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2-%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2 "Свято човнів-драконів – Ukrainian") - [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_festivali "Dragon Boat festivali – Uzbek") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_ng%E1%BB%8D "Tết Đoan ngọ – Vietnamese") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82 "端午节 – Wu") - [文言](https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88 "端午 – Literary Chinese") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8D%CD%98-ji%CC%8Dt-cheh "Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80 "端午節 – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82 "端午节 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1254268#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Dragon_Boat_Festival "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dragon_Boat_Festival "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dragon_Boat_Festival "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]") - [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&oldid=1341522553 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") - [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=info "More information about this page") - [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dragon_Boat_Festival&id=1341522553&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") - [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDragon_Boat_Festival) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duanwu_Festival) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1254268 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chinese holiday For dragon boating as a sport, see [Dragon boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat"). For the Cambodian festival with dragon boat races, see [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk"). For similar holidays, see [Double Fifth Festival (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Fifth_Festival_\(disambiguation\) "Double Fifth Festival (disambiguation)"). \| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg/250px-Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)Dragon Boat Festival (18th century) \| \| \| Observed by \| Chinese \| \| Type \| Cultural \| \| Observances \| Dragon boat racing, consumption of [realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine") and [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") \| \| Date \| Fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_lunisolar_calendar "Chinese lunisolar calendar") \| \| 2025 date \| 31 May \| \| 2026 date \| 19 June \| \| 2027 date \| 9 June \| \| 2028 date \| 28 May \| \| Frequency \| Annual \| \| Related to \| [Tango no sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku "Tango no sekku"), [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)"), [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D "Tết Đoan Ngọ"), [Yukka Nu Hii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukka_Nu_Hii "Yukka Nu Hii") \| \| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| \| \| Country \| [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") \| \| Reference \| [225](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00225) \| \| Region \| [Asia and the Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA "Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA") \| \| Inscription history \| \| \| Inscription \| 2009 (4th session) \| \| [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| Representative \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg/120px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg) UNESCO Cultural Heritage \| \| \| Gangneung Danoje Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| \| \| Country \| [Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea "Korea") \| \| Reference \| [114](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00114) \| \| Region \| [Asia and the Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA "Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA") \| \| Inscription history \| \| \| Inscription \| 2008 \| \| Chinese name \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 端午节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 端午節 \| \| Literal meaning \| Midyear festival \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Duānwǔ jié \| \| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") \| Tuan1\-wu3 chieh2 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| [\[twán.ù tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| \| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") \| \| \| [Yale Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese") \| Dyūn ńgh jit \| \| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") \| Dyun1 Ng5 Zit3 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") \| [\[tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Toan-ngó͘-cheh Toan-ngó͘-choeh Toan-ngó͘-chiat \| \| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 龙船节 / 龙舟节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 龍船節 / 龍舟節 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Lóngchuánjié / Lóngzhōujié \| \| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") \| Lung2\-chʻuan2\-chieh2 / Lung2\-chou1\-chieh2 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| [\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") / [\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| \| Double Fifth Festival Fifth Month Festival Fifth Day Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 重五节 / 双五节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 重五節 / 雙五節五月節五日節 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Gō͘-go̍eh-cheh / Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh / Gō͘-li̍t-choeh \| \| Dumpling Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 肉粽节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 肉糭節 \| \| Literal meaning \| Meat [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") festival \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Bah-chàng-cheh / Bah-chàng-choeh \| \| Portuguese name \| \| \| [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language") \| Festividade do Barco-Dragão \| The Dragon Boat Festival ([traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 端午節; [simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 端午节; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Duānwǔ jié; [Cantonese Yale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese"): Dyūnńgh jit[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-5)), also known as the Tuen Ng Festival in Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar"), which corresponds to late May or early June in the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar"). The holiday commemorates [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") who was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese [state of Chu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Chu "State of Chu") during the [Warring States period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period "Warring States period"), about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding [dragon boat races](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_races "Dragon boat races") and eating sticky rice dumplings called [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"), which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat. In September 2009, [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO") officially approved the holiday's inclusion in the [Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists"), becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-7) ## Names \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Names")\] Other than "Dragon Boat Festival", [\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick20111-8) used as the official English translation of the holiday by the [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-prc-9), and "Tuen Ng Festival", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as Double Fifth Festival which alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-10) The Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different [Chinese languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languages "Chinese languages"). Duanwu (端午) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first "fifth day" of the month according to the [Chinese zodiac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac "Chinese zodiac").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-heibonsha-tango-11)[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-14) However, despite the literal meaning referring to the [Earthly Branches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthly_Branches "Earthly Branches"), this character has also become associated with wǔ (五; wu3; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence Duanwu, the festival on "the fifth day of the fifth month".[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-chen2016-15) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: History")\] ### Origin \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Origin")\] \| \| \|---\| \| Part of [a series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_folk_religion "Category:Chinese folk religion") on \| \| [Chinese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion "Chinese folk religion") \| \| [![Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning "prosperity", "furthering", "welfare" and "son", "offspring". 字 zì, meaning "word" and "symbol", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a "son" enshrined under a "roof". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/120px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg "Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning \"prosperity\", \"furthering\", \"welfare\" and \"son\", \"offspring\". 字 zì, meaning \"word\" and \"symbol\", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a \"son\" enshrined under a \"roof\". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.") \| \| Concepts [Tian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tian "Tian")—[Shangdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdi "Shangdi") [Qi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi "Qi") [Shen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_\(Chinese_religion\) "Shen (Chinese religion)") [Ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling_\(Chinese_religion\) "Ling (Chinese religion)") [Xian ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_ling_\(religion\) "Xian ling (religion)") [Yinyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang "Yin and yang") [Hundun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundun "Hundun") [Mingyun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_yun "Ming yun") [Yuanfen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanfen "Yuanfen") [Baoying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_ying "Bao ying") [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(Chinese_religion\) "Wu (Chinese religion)") \| \| Theory [Chinese theology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_theology "Chinese theology") [Chinese gods and immortals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals "Chinese gods and immortals") [Chinese mythology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology "Chinese mythology") [Chinese astrology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astrology "Chinese astrology") [Chinese zodiac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac "Chinese zodiac") [Chinese creation myth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_creation_myth "Chinese creation myth") [Chinese spiritual world concepts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_spiritual_world_concepts "Chinese spiritual world concepts") Model humanity: [Xian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_\(Taoism\) "Xian (Taoism)") [Zhenren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhenren "Zhenren") [Wen and wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_and_wu "Wen and wu") \| \| Practices [Fenxiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenxiang "Fenxiang") [Jingxiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingxiang "Jingxiang") [Feng shui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui") [Miaohui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaohui "Miaohui") [Wu shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(shaman\) "Wu (shaman)") [Jitong mediumship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongji_\(spirit_medium\) "Tongji (spirit medium)") [Precious scrolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baojuan "Baojuan") \| \| Institutions and temples [Associations of good-doing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associations_of_good-doing "Associations of good-doing") [Lineage associations or churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_lineage_associations "Chinese lineage associations") [Chinese temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_temple "Chinese temple") [Ancestral shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_shrine "Ancestral shrine") [Chinese Folk Temples' Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Folk_Temples%27_Management_Association "Chinese Folk Temples' Management Association") \| \| Festivals [Qingming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Zhongyuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Festival "Ghost Festival") [Zhongqiu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival "Mid-Autumn Festival") [Jiuhuangye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Emperor_Gods_Festival "Nine Emperor Gods Festival") [Qixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qixi_Festival "Qixi Festival") [Duanwu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Nian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") \| \| Internal traditions Major cultural forms [Chinese ancestral religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion "Chinese ancestral religion") [Chinese communal deity religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_communal_deity_religion "Chinese communal deity religion") [Chinese food therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy "Chinese food therapy") [Chinese geomancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui") [Chinese mother goddess worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mother_goddess_worship "Chinese mother goddess worship") [Northeast China folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_China_folk_religion "Northeast China folk religion") [Traditional Chinese medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine "Traditional Chinese medicine") [Qigong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong "Qigong") Main philosophical traditions: [Confucianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism "Confucianism") ([state rites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion "Confucian ritual religion")) [Taoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism "Taoism") [Three teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_teachings "Three teachings") [Other schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_philosophy "Chinese philosophy") ([Mohism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohism "Mohism")) Ritual traditions: [Folk ritual masters' orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions "Chinese ritual mastery traditions") [Jitong mediumship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongji_\(spirit_medium\) "Tongji (spirit medium)") [Nuo folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion "Nuo folk religion") [Chinese shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_shamanism "Chinese shamanism") Devotional traditions: [Mazuism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazuism "Mazuism") [Ong Yah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_Yah "Ong Yah") worship [![Zhenkong, "Void of Truth".](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg/60px-Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg "Zhenkong, \"Void of Truth\".") Zhenkong, "Void of Truth". [Salvation churches and sects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions "Chinese salvationist religions"): [De teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_teaching "De teaching") [Jiugongdao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiugongdao "Jiugongdao") [Luo teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_teaching "Luo teaching") [Maitreya teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreya_teachings "Maitreya teachings") [Tiandi teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandi_teachings "Tiandi teachings") [Tianxian miaodao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianxian_miaodao "Tianxian miaodao") [Xia teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyi_teaching "Sanyi teaching") [Xiantiandao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiantiandao "Xiantiandao") [Yiguandao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiguandao "Yiguandao") [Zaili teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaili_teaching "Zaili teaching") [Confucian churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian_church "Confucian church") and sects: [Holy Confucian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Confucian_Church "Holy Confucian Church") [Indonesian Confucian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_the_Confucian_Religion_in_Indonesia "Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia") [Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Way_and_its_Virtue "Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue") [Phoenix churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_of_the_Gods_according_to_the_Confucian_Tradition "Way of the Gods according to the Confucian Tradition") [Xuanyuanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanyuan_teaching "Xuanyuan teaching") [Taigu school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taigu_school "Taigu school") \| \| Related religions and movements [Benzhuism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzhuism "Benzhuism") [Bimoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimoism "Bimoism") [Bon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon "Bon") [Dongbaism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongbaism "Dongbaism") [Han Buddhism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism "Chinese Buddhism") [Miao folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miao_folk_religion "Miao folk religion") [Vietnamese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion "Vietnamese folk religion") [Qiang folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion "Qiang folk religion") [Yao folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_folk_religion "Yao folk religion") [Zhuang folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_folk_religion "Zhuang folk religion") [House church (China)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_church_\(China\) "House church (China)") \| \| [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/20px-P_religion_world.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg) [Religion portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Religion "Portal:Religion") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chinese_folk_religion "Template:Chinese folk religion") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_folk_religion "Template talk:Chinese folk religion") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_folk_religion "Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese folk religion") \| The fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) To get rid of the misfortune, people would put [calamus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorus_calamus "Acorus calamus"), [Artemisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_\(plant\) "Artemisia (plant)"), and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) These were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords).[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Venomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions;[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-18) people also supposedly get sick easily after this day.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) For example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-19) Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg/250px-Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg) 17th century depiction of [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") ### Qu Yuan \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Qu Yuan")\] Main article: [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") The story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") (c. 340–278 BC) of the [ancient state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_\(Chinese\) "State (Chinese)") of [Chu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_\(state\) "Chu (state)") during the [Warring States period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period "Warring States period") of the [Zhou dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty "Zhou dynasty").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) A cadet member of the [Chu royal house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi_\(surname\) "Mi (surname)"), Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of [Qin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_\(state\) "Qin (state)"), Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of [poetry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_poetry "Chinese poetry"). Eventually, Qin captured [Ying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ying_\(Chu\) "Ying (Chu)"), the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan [committed suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_suicide "Committed suicide") by drowning himself in the [Miluo River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miluo_River "Miluo River").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This is said to have been the origin of [dragon boat races](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_race "Dragon boat race").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of [sticky rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_rice "Sticky rice") into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of [Chinese nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_nationalism "Chinese nationalism") in the People's Republic of China after the 1949 [Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution "Chinese Communist Revolution"). The historian and writer [Guo Moruo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo "Guo Moruo") was influential in shaping this view of Qu.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-21) ### Wu Zixu \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Wu Zixu")\] Main article: [Wu Zixu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zixu "Wu Zixu") Another origin story says that the festival commemorates [Wu Zixu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zixu "Wu Zixu") (died 484 BC), a statesman of the [Kingdom of Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(state\) "Wu (state)").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) King [Goujian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goujian "Goujian") of the [state of Yue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yue_\(state\) "Yue (state)") sends [Xi Shi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Shi "Xi Shi"), a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King [Fuchai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchai "Fuchai") from state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as [Suzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou,_Jiangsu "Suzhou, Jiangsu"), Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival. ### Cao E \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Cao E")\] Main article: [Cao E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_E "Cao E") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG/250px-Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG) The front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the [Cao'e River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao%27e_River "Cao'e River") in [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu "Shangyu"), Zhejiang Although Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast [Jiangsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangsu "Jiangsu") and Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern [Zhejiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang "Zhejiang"), including the cities of [Shaoxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaoxing "Shaoxing"), [Ningbo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo "Ningbo") and [Zhoushan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhoushan "Zhoushan"), celebrates the memory of the young girl [Cao E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_E "Cao E") (130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu (曹盱) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu "Shangyu"). In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the [Shun River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shun_River "Shun River"). Cao E, in an act of [filial piety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filial_piety "Filial piety"), searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu,_Shaoxing "Shangyu, Shaoxing") dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-22) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg/250px-Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg) [Dragon boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat") races at [Dajia Riverside Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajia_Riverside_Park "Dajia Riverside Park") in [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei "Taipei") Cao E is depicted in the [Wu Shuang Pu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Shuang_Pu "Wu Shuang Pu") ("Table of Peerless Heroes") by Jin Guliang. ### Pre-existing holiday \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Pre-existing holiday")\] Some modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by [Confucian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius "Confucius") scholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-23) The stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in [Sima Qian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_Qian "Sima Qian")'s [Shiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiji "Shiji"), completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters. According to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and [rice growing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_growing "Rice growing") in southern China.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) As recently as 1952 the American sociologist [Wolfram Eberhard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_Eberhard "Wolfram Eberhard") wrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24) Another theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from [dragon worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_dragon "Chinese dragon").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This theory was advanced by [Wen Yiduo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Yiduo "Wen Yiduo"). Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"). The food may have originally represented an offering to the [dragon king](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_king "Dragon king"), while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active yang energy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats. Another suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in [ancient Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Korea "Ancient Korea"), mountain gods (see [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)")). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday. ### Early 20th century \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Early 20th century")\] In the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous/Venomous Insects ([traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 毒蟲節; [simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 毒虫节; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Dúchóng jié; [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles"): Tu2\-chʻung2\-chieh2). [Yu Der Ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Der_Ling "Princess Der Ling") writes in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir Two Years in the Forbidden City: > The first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival. ... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-26) ### 21st century \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: 21st century")\] In 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a [national public holiday in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China "Public holidays in China").[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-27) ## Public holiday \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Public holiday")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg/250px-Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum,_Beijing.jpg) [Dragon boat race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_race "Dragon boat race") by Li Zhaodao (675–758) The festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan"). The [People's Republic of China's government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_China "Government of China") established in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-28)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-29) The Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the [Chinese communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_diaspora "Chinese diaspora") of Southeast Asia, including [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_of_Singapore "Public holidays of Singapore") and [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_of_Malaysia "Public holidays of Malaysia"). In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-30) Equivalent and related official festivals include the Korean [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)"),[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-31) Japanese [Tango no sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku "Tango no sekku"),[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) and Vietnamese [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D "Tết Đoan Ngọ").[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) ## Practices and activities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Practices and activities")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg/250px-%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg) Section of Dragon Boat Regatta by [Wang Zhenpeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Zhenpeng_\(painter\) "Wang Zhenpeng (painter)") (fl. 1275–1330) Three of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing) [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"), drinking [realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine"), and racing [dragon boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-33) ### Dragon boat racing \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Dragon boat racing")\] Main article: [Dragon boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat") [Dragon boat racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_racing "Dragon boat racing") has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zongzi.jpg/250px-Zongzi.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zongzi.jpg) Red Bean Rice Dumpling ### Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)")\] Main article: [Zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") A notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping [glutinous rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutinous_rice "Glutinous rice") and fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) jujube,[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) [Zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") appeared before the [Spring and Autumn period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period "Spring and Autumn period") and were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine yizhiren ([Alpinia oxyphylla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_oxyphylla "Alpinia oxyphylla")) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called yizhi zong.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-34) ### Food related to 5 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Food related to 5")\] 'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu, [Zhejiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang "Zhejiang") and [Huangshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangshan "Huangshan") area have the custom to eat "five yellow", which refers to five different foods with "yellow" in names. \[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] ### Realgar wine \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Realgar wine")\] [Realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine") or Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered [realgar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar "Realgar"), a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) On the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-35) ### 5-colored silk-threaded braid \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: 5-colored silk-threaded braid")\] In some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the [five elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuxing_\(Chinese_philosophy\) "Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)")) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) People believe that this will help keep evil away.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Other common activities include hanging up icons of [Zhong Kui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Kui "Zhong Kui") (a mythic guardian figure), hanging [mugwort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugwort "Mugwort") and [calamus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamus_\(palm\) "Calamus (palm)"), taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-36)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this "game" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing [spells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_\(paranormal\) "Magic (paranormal)"). All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being. In the early years of the [Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_\(1912%E2%80%931949\) "Republic of China (1912–1949)"), Duanwu was celebrated as the "Poets' Day" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition, [balancing an egg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg-balancing "Egg-balancing") on Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-dbfest-37) The sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the [Chinese dragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_dragon "Chinese dragon"), traditionally represents [masculine energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_\(concept\) "Yang (concept)"), whereas the moon, like the [phoenix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenghuang "Fenghuang"), traditionally represents [feminine energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_\(concept\) "Yin (concept)"). The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-38) ## Gallery \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: Gallery")\] - [![Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg/330px-Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg "Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan") Hari in [Tomigusuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomigusuku "Tomigusuku"), [Okinawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture "Okinawa Prefecture"), Japan - [![A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG/330px-Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG "A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008") A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008 - [![Uncooked zongzi](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bakcang.JPG/330px-Bakcang.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bakcang.JPG "Uncooked zongzi") Uncooked [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") - [![Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pehcun_Festival.jpg/500px-Pehcun_Festival.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pehcun_Festival.jpg "Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia") Egg balancing in [Tangerang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerang "Tangerang"), Indonesia - [![Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: "Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival" (恭祝總統端節愉快)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg/500px-Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg "Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)") Taiwan's president [Ma Ying-jeou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou "Ma Ying-jeou") visiting [Liang Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Island "Liang Island") before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: "Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival" (恭祝總統端節愉快) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: See also")\] - [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk") - [Traditional Chinese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_holidays "Traditional Chinese holidays") ## Explanatory notes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: Explanatory notes")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-5) In [Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_language "Cantonese language"), it is [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Cantonese "Romanization of Cantonese") as Tuen1 Ng5 Jit3 in Hong Kong and Tung1 Ng5 Jit3 in [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau"), hence the name "Tuen Ng Festival" used in [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-hk-1) and Tun Ng (Festividade do Barco-Dragão in [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language")) in Macau.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-mac-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-4) 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-14) Also suggested to mean "Beginning of Noon",[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe1983141-12) or "High Noon Festival",[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-taiwan-foreign-ministry1-13) since "horse" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day. ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: References")\] ### Citations \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: Citations")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-hk_1-0) GovHK. " [General holidays for 2014](http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/holiday/index.htm)". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-mac_2-0) Macau Government Tourist Office. "[Calendar of Events](http://www.macautourism.gov.mo/events/calendar.php)". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-3) Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. "[Ordem Executiva \#60/2000](http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2000/40/ordem60.asp)". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Portuguese) 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-4) Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《[第60/2000號行政命令](http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2000/40/ordem60_cn.asp#60)》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Chinese) 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-6) ["Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage"](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/dragon-boat-festival-00225). UNESCO. September 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2023. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-7) ["端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日"](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI5OTQ5NDQyNg==&mid=2247534262&idx=1&sn=96fbfdffe59d4c4312814ec8fc9064a7&chksm=ec97bbc3dbe032d55be18bc3b0a5a6cf37a32e51a4a3345a7c29976673587b2dabd700379353#rd). Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 22 June 2023. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick20111_8-0) [Chittick (2011)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFChittick2011), p. 1. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-prc_9-0) Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. "[Holidays](http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/16/content_23785.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120502100026/http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/16/content_23785.htm) May 2, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-10) "[Double Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival](http://tour.tncg.gov.tw/English/culture/ct01.asp?type=12) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080506213724/http://tour.tncg.gov.tw/English/culture/ct01.asp?type=12) May 6, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")". 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-heibonsha-tango_11-0) [Inahata, Kōichirō](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%B2%E7%95%91%E8%80%95%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E "ja:稲畑耕一郎") \[in Japanese\] (2007). [Tango 端午 (たんご)](https://japanknowledge.asia-u.ac.jp/introduction/keyword.html) . 世界大百科事典 (revised, new ed.). Heibonsha. `{{cite book}}`: `\|work=` ignored ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored "Help:CS1 errors")) via Japanknowledge. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowe1983141_12-0) [Lowe (1983)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFLowe1983), p. 141. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-taiwan-foreign-ministry1_13-0) ["Dragon Boat Festival"](https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=20,20,29,35,35,45&post=26089). Taiwan Today. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-chen2016_15-0) Chen, Sanping (January–March 2016). "Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 136 (1): 30–31\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https://doi.org/10.7817%2Fjameroriesoci.136.1.117). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [10\.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117). 14. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-8) [j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-9) [k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-10) [l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-11) [m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-12) [n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-13) [o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-14) [p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-15) [q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-16) [r](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-17) Wei, Liming (2010). Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals* (Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 36–43\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9787508516936](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787508516936 "Special:BookSources/9787508516936") . `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher "Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher")) 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-8) [j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-9) [k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-10) [l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-11) [m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-12) [n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-13) [o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-14) [p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-15) Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 41–50\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-8351-2481-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8351-2481-9 "Special:BookSources/0-8351-2481-9") . 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-18)* ["zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。"](https://taiwan.cri.cn/2015-6-17/5ed30bc1-60c0-4a0a-89e8-a4ba00934d89.html) \[en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.\]. taiwan.cri.cn. Retrieved 27 March 2025. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-19) Liu, L. (2011). 'Beijing Review' Color Photographs. vol. 54, issue 23. pp. 42–43\. `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location "Category:CS1 maint: location")) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher "Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher")) 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-2) [SCMP](http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News)." Earthquake and floods make for the muted festival.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120625104853/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News) 25 June 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-21) Zikpi, Monica E M (2014). ["Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43490204). Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 36: 175–200\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0161-9705](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-9705). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [43490204](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43490204). Retrieved 11 March 2023. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-22) ["The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220341/http://www.dragonboatfestival.tk/2017/04/dragon-boat-festival-history.html). Archived from [the original](https://www.dragonboatfestival.tk/2017/04/dragon-boat-festival-history.html) on 4 April 2017. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-23) ["The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival"](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-legends-behind-the-dragon-boat-festival-135634582/). Smithsonian. 14 May 2009. 22. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-1) Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). "The dragon-boat festival". Chinese Festivals. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 69–96\. 23. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-1) ["Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded"](http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/22/content_341276.htm). www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 11 March 2023. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-26)* Yü, Der Ling (1911). Two Years in the Forbidden City. T. F. Unwin. [Project Gutenberg](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/889/889-h/889-h.htm) 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-27) ["Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay"](https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202106/14/WS60c69dcba31024ad0bac691b.html). www.chinadaily.com.cn. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-28) People's Daily. "[Peopledaily](http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200506/25/eng20050625_192259.html)." China to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture. Retrieved on 9 June 2008. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-29) Xinhua Net. "[First day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/08/content_8326884.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20131222045755/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/08/content_8326884.htm) 2013-12-22 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")." Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-30) ["粽子飘香传情意黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安"](https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20250531-6528257). [Lianhe Zaobao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lianhe_Zaobao "Lianhe Zaobao") (in Chinese). [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"). 31 May 2025. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250531051118/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20250531-6528257) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-31) ["Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races"](http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=011_duanwu.inc&issue=011). China Heritage Quarterly. September 2007. 30. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-1) Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al* (2005). "Tango no Sekku" in [Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 948.](https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA948), p. 948, at [Google Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books "Google Books") 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-33) ["Dragon Boat Festival"](http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Festivals/78316.htm). [China Internet Information Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Internet_Information_Center "China Internet Information Center"). Retrieved 12 June 2013. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-34) Yuan, He (2015). ["Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi"](http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/85099X/201506/666955605.html). Journal of Nanning Polytechnic. \[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-35) Huang, Shaorong (December 1991). ["Chinese Traditional Festivals"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). The Journal of Popular Culture. 25 (3): 163–180\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). Retrieved 28 March 2023. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-36) ["Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay"](https://s.chinadailyhk.com/m26RJ3). chinadailyhk. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-dbfest_37-0) Huang, Ottavia. Hmmm, This Is What I Think: "[Dragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg](http://ottaviahuang.blogspot.de/2012/06/dragon-boat-festiva-time-to-balance-egg.html)". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-38) [Chan, Arlene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene_Chan "Arlene Chan") & al. Paddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada, [p. 27](https://books.google.com/books?id=LVj3enfaK5IC&pg=PA27). Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-55488-395-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-395-0 "Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-395-0") . Retrieved 1 June 2011. ### Bibliography \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Bibliography")\] - Chittick, Andrew (2011). "The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 2011 (41): 1–28\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1353/sys.2011.0025](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsys.2011.0025). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [23496206](https://www.jstor.org/stable/23496206). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [162282148](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162282148). - Lowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) \[1983\]. ["The Dragon Boat Festival"](https://books.google.com/books?id=a87_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141). The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man. Translated by [Bodde, Derk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derk_Bodde "Derk Bodde"). Princeton University Press. pp. 141–148\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2307/j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt7ztjmr.20). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781400855896](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400855896 "Special:BookSources/9781400855896") . [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7ztjmr.20). ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: External links")\] - [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Duanwu Festival](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duanwu_Festival "commons:Category:Duanwu Festival") at Wikimedia Commons \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Canoeing_and_kayaking "Template:Canoeing and kayaking") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Canoeing_and_kayaking "Template talk:Canoeing and kayaking") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canoeing_and_kayaking "Special:EditPage/Template:Canoeing and kayaking")[Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing "Canoeing") and [kayaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayaking "Kayaking") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Main disciplines \| [Canoe sprint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_sprint "Canoe sprint") [Canoe slalom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_slalom "Canoe slalom") [Canoe marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_marathon "Canoe marathon") [Canoe polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_polo "Canoe polo") [Wildwater canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildwater_canoeing "Wildwater canoeing") [Canoe sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_sailing "Canoe sailing") [Canoe freestyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_freestyle "Canoe freestyle") [Paracanoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracanoe "Paracanoe") \| \| Olympics \| [Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the Summer Olympics") [Male medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_\(men\) "List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (men)") [Female medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_\(women\) "List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (women)") [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_canoeing "List of Olympic venues in canoeing") \| \| Other disciplines \| [Creeking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creeking "Creeking") [Dragon boating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat") [Nouka Baich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouka_Baich "Nouka Baich") [Paddleboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddleboarding "Paddleboarding") [Surf skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_ski "Surf ski") [Surf kayaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_kayaking "Surf kayaking") [Snow boating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_boating "Snow boating") [Squirt boating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirt_boating "Squirt boating") [Standup paddleboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standup_paddleboarding "Standup paddleboarding") \| \| [ICF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Canoe_Federation "International Canoe Federation") championships \| [Sprint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships "ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships") ([Men's Canadian medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_Canadian "List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's Canadian") [Women's Canadian medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_Canadian "List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's Canadian") [Men's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's kayak") [Women's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's kayak") [Paracanoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_paracanoe "List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in paracanoe")) [Slalom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships "ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships") ([Men's canoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_canoe "List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's canoe") [Women's canoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_canoe "List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's canoe") [Men's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's kayak") [Women's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's kayak") [Mixed canoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_mixed_canoe "List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in mixed canoe")) [Slalom Junior & U23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICF_World_Junior_and_U23_Canoe_Slalom_Championships "ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships") [Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championship "ICF Canoe Marathon World Championship") ([Men's canoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_canoe "List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in men's canoe") [Women's canoe medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_canoe "List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in women's canoe") [Men's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in men's kayak") [Women's kayak medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak "List of ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships medalists in women's kayak")) [Ocean Racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Ocean_Racing_World_Championships "ICF Canoe Ocean Racing World Championships") [Wildwater canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildwater_Canoeing_World_Championships "Wildwater Canoeing World Championships") \| \| Recreation \| [Small-craft sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-craft_sailing "Small-craft sailing") [Whitewater canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing "Whitewater canoeing") / [kayaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking "Whitewater kayaking") [Sea kayaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_kayak "Sea kayak") [Canoe camping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_camping "Canoe camping") [Kayak fishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak_fishing "Kayak fishing") [Canoe and kayak diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving "Canoe and kayak diving") [Dongola racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongola_racing "Dongola racing") [Canoe orienteering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_orienteering "Canoe orienteering") [Canoe livery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_livery "Canoe livery") \| \| Modern boats \| [Canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe "Canoe") [Kayak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak "Kayak") [Concrete canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_canoe "Concrete canoe") [Flyak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyak "Flyak") [Folding kayak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding_kayak "Folding kayak") [International Canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Canoe "International Canoe") [Malia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malia_\(canoe\) "Malia (canoe)") [Recreational kayak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_kayak "Recreational kayak") [Sprint canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_canoe "Sprint canoe") \| \| Traditional boats \| [Aleutian kayak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_kayak "Aleutian kayak") [Cayuco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuco "Cayuco") [Chundan vallam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chundan_vallam "Chundan vallam") [Dugout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugout_canoe "Dugout canoe") [Fur brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_brigade "Fur brigade") [Outrigger canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrigger_canoe "Outrigger canoe") [Pacific Northwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_canoes "Pacific Northwest canoes") [Rabaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabaska "Rabaska") [Sturgeon-nosed canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon-nosed_canoe "Sturgeon-nosed canoe") [Taimen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taimen_\(kayak\) "Taimen (kayak)") [Umiak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umiak "Umiak") [Waka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waka_\(canoe\) "Waka (canoe)") [War canoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_canoe "War canoe") [Swan boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_boat_\(racing\) "Swan boat (racing)") \| \| [Techniques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Kayaking_techniques "Category:Kayaking techniques") \| [Canoe paddle strokes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_paddle_strokes "Canoe paddle strokes") [Eskimo Rescue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo_Rescue "Eskimo Rescue") [Kayak roll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak_roll "Kayak roll") [Portage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage "Portage") \| \| [Equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_equipment "Category:Canoeing and kayaking equipment") \| [Albano buoy system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albano_buoy_system "Albano buoy system") [Outrigger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrigger "Outrigger") [Paddle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle "Paddle") [Paddle float](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_float "Paddle float") [Paddle leash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_leash "Paddle leash") [Royalex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalex "Royalex") [Sea sock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_sock "Sea sock") [Spray deck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_deck "Spray deck") [Tuilik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuilik "Tuilik") \| \| Venues \| [Artificial whitewater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_whitewater "Artificial whitewater") [Canoeing and kayaking venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_venues "Category:Canoeing and kayaking venues") \| \| Competitions \| [List of world records in canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_canoeing "List of world records in canoeing") [Adirondack Canoe Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adirondack_Canoe_Classic "Adirondack Canoe Classic") [Au Sable River Canoe Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au_Sable_River_Canoe_Marathon "Au Sable River Canoe Marathon") [Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devizes_to_Westminster_International_Canoe_Marathon "Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon") [Dusi Canoe Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusi_Canoe_Marathon "Dusi Canoe Marathon") [Hawkesbury Canoe Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkesbury_Canoe_Classic "Hawkesbury Canoe Classic") [Liffey Descent Canoe Race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race "Liffey Descent Canoe Race") [Massive Murray Paddle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_Murray_Paddle "Massive Murray Paddle") [National Student Rodeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Student_Rodeo "National Student Rodeo") [Thameside Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thameside_Series "Thameside Series") [Waterside Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterside_Series "Waterside Series") [Riverland Paddling Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverland_Paddling_Marathon "Riverland Paddling Marathon") \| \| Festivals \| [Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_International_Dragon_Boat_Festival "Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival") [Duanwu Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Dragon_Boat_Festival_in_New_York "Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York") [Houston Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Dragon_Boat_Festival "Houston Dragon Boat Festival") [Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethbridge_Dragon_Boat_Festival "Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival") [Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Dragon_Boat_Festival "Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival") [Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_Festival "Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival") \| \| [Governing bodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canoeing_organizations "Category:Canoeing organizations") \| [European Canoe Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Canoe_Association "European Canoe Association") [American Canoe Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Canoe_Association "American Canoe Association") [Paddle Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_Australia "Paddle Australia") [Paddle UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_UK "Paddle UK") [British Dragon Boat Racing Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Dragon_Boat_Racing_Association "British Dragon Boat Racing Association") [Canoe Kayak Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada "Canoe Kayak Canada") [Canoe Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Wales "Canoe Wales") [Croatian Canoe Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Canoe_Federation "Croatian Canoe Federation") [Israel Canoe Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Canoe_Association "Israel Canoe Association") [Scottish Canoe Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Canoe_Association "Scottish Canoe Association") [Portuguese Canoe Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Canoe_Federation "Portuguese Canoe Federation") \| \| [Other organisations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canoeing_organizations "Category:Canoeing organizations") \| [Canadian Canoe Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Canoe_Museum "Canadian Canoe Museum") [International Dragon Boat Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Dragon_Boat_Federation "International Dragon Boat Federation") [Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Mackenzie_Canada_Sea-to-Sea_Bicentennial_Expeditions "Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions") [UK Rivers Access Campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_Access_Campaign "Rivers Access Campaign") \| \| [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canoeing_mass_media "Category:Canoeing mass media") \| [La Chasse-galerie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasse-galerie "Chasse-galerie") [Paddle-to-the-Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle-to-the-Sea "Paddle-to-the-Sea") ([film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_to_the_Sea "Paddle to the Sea")) [The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Great_Lakes "The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes") [Waterwalker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwalker "Waterwalker") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png) [Outline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_canoeing_and_kayaking "Outline of canoeing and kayaking") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_China "Template:Public holidays in China") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_China "Template talk:Public holidays in China") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_China "Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in China")[![China](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") [Public holidays in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China "Public holidays in China") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| [Golden weeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Week_\(China\) "Golden Week (China)") \| [Spring Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") [Chunyun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunyun "Chunyun") [National Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "National Day of the People's Republic of China") \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") \| \| Other holidays \| [New Year's Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day "New Year's Day") [Qingming Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Workers' Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day "International Workers' Day") [Duanwu Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival "Mid-Autumn Festival") [Qixi Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qixi_Festival "Qixi Festival") \| \| \| In times when Mid-Autumn Festival takes place near the National Day, it is also included in the Golden Week. \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Template talk:Public holidays in Hong Kong") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong")[![Hong Kong](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") [Public holidays in Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Public holidays in Hong Kong") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [New Year's Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day "New Year's Day") [Lunar New Year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") (first 3 days of the period) [Ching Ming Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Good Friday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday "Good Friday") [Holy Saturday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Saturday "Holy Saturday") [Easter Monday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Monday "Easter Monday") [Buddha's Birthday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday "Buddha's Birthday") [Labour Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Day "Labour Day") [Tuen Ng Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_Establishment_Day "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival "Mid-Autumn Festival") [PRC National Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "National Day of the People's Republic of China") [Anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China "National Day of the Republic of China") [Chung Yeung Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Ninth_Festival "Double Ninth Festival") [Christmas Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas "Christmas") [Boxing Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_Day "Boxing Day") \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg/250px-Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") \| \| Cancelled \| [Queen's Birthday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday "King's Official Birthday") [Liberation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_\(Hong_Kong\) "Liberation Day (Hong Kong)") [Double Ten Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China "National Day of the Republic of China") [Remembrance Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembrance_Day "Remembrance Day") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Overseas_Chinese "Template:Overseas Chinese") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_Chinese "Template talk:Overseas Chinese") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_Chinese "Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas Chinese")[Overseas Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese "Overseas Chinese") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Africa \| \| \| \| \| \| North \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Algeria "Chinese people in Algeria") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Egypt "Chinese people in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Libya "Chinese people in Libya") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Morocco "Chinese people in Morocco") \| \| West \| [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Cape_Verde "Chinese people in Cape Verde") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ghana "Chinese people in Ghana") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Mali "Chinese people in Mali") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Nigeria "Chinese people in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Senegal "Chinese people in Senegal") \| \| East \| [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ethiopia "Chinese people in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kenya "Chinese people in Kenya") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Tanzania "Chinese people in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Uganda "Chinese people in Uganda") \| \| Central \| [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Cameroon "Chinese people in Cameroon") [Democratic Republic of Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_DRC "Chinese people in the DRC") [Republic of Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Republic_of_Congo "Chinese people in the Republic of Congo") \| \| Southern \| [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Angola "Chinese people in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Botswana "Chinese people in Botswana") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Lesotho "Chinese people in Lesotho") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Madagascar "Chinese people in Madagascar") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Malawi "Chinese people in Malawi") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritians_of_Chinese_origin "Mauritians of Chinese origin") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mozambique "Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Namibia "Chinese people in Namibia") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinois_\(R%C3%A9union\) "Chinois (Réunion)")1 [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Seychellois "Sino-Seychellois") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_South_Africans "Chinese South Africans") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Zambia "Chinese people in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Zimbabwe "Chinese people in Zimbabwe") \| \| Americas \| \| \| \| \| \| [Caribbean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean_people "Chinese Caribbean people") \| [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Belize "Ethnic Chinese in Belize") [Caribbean Chinese cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Chinese_cuisine "Caribbean Chinese cuisine") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Cubans "Chinese Cubans") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic "Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Guyanese "Chinese Guyanese") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Haitians "Chinese Haitians") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Jamaicans "Chinese Jamaicans") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico "Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Chinese_cuisine "Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese "Chinese Surinamese") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians "Chinese Trinidadians and Tobagonians") \| \| [North](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America "North America") \| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians "Chinese Canadians") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine "Canadian Chinese cuisine") [from Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Canadians "Hong Kong Canadians") [from Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Canadians "Taiwanese Canadians") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians_in_British_Columbia "Chinese Canadians in British Columbia") ([Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver "Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver")) [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area "Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Mexico "Chinese immigration to Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Americans "Chinese Americans") [American-born Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-born_Chinese "American-born Chinese") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine "American Chinese cuisine") [Chinese American church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_church "Chinese American church") [from Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans "Hong Kong Americans") [from Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans "Taiwanese Americans") [from Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Americans "Malaysian Americans") [from Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporean_Americans "Singaporean Americans") [Fuzhounese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans "Fuzhounese Americans") [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans "History of Chinese Americans") [Tibetan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Americans "Tibetan Americans") [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Americans "Hakka Americans") [Hoklo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoklo_Americans "Hoklo Americans") [by city and state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chinese_Americans_by_location "Template:Chinese Americans by location") \| \| Central \| [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Costa_Rica "Chinese people in Costa Rica") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Nicaraguans "Chinese Nicaraguans") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Panama "Ethnic Chinese in Panama") \| \| South \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Argentines "Chinese Argentines") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Brazilians "Chinese Brazilians") [Chinese Latin American cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Latin_American_cuisine "Chinese Latin American cuisine") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Chile "Chinese people in Chile") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Guyanese "Chinese Guyanese") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Peruvians "Chinese Peruvians") [Chifa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifa "Chifa") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese "Chinese Surinamese") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Uruguay "Chinese people in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Venezuelans "Chinese Venezuelans") \| \| Asia \| \| \| \| \| \| Central \| [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kazakhstan "Chinese people in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kyrgyzstan "Chinese people in Kyrgyzstan") \| \| East \| [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Japan "Chinese people in Japan") [Cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine "Japanese Chinese cuisine") [Shippoku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shippoku "Shippoku") [Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Korea "Chinese people in Korea") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Chinese_cuisine "Korean Chinese cuisine") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mongolia "Ethnic Chinese in Mongolia") \| \| Southeast \| [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Brunei "Ethnic Chinese in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian "Chinese Cambodian") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine "Cambodian Chinese cuisine") [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_Hokkien "Cambodian Hokkien") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Timor-Leste "Chinese people in Timor-Leste") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians "Chinese Indonesians") [Benteng Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_Chinese "Benteng Chinese") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine "Chinese Indonesian cuisine") [Peranakan Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans "Peranakans") [Bangka-Belitung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Bangka-Belitung_Islands "Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands") [Bali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_Chinese "Balinese Chinese") [Maluku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Maluku "Chinese Maluku") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotian_Chinese "Laotian Chinese") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese "Malaysian Chinese") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine "Malaysian Chinese cuisine") [Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans "Peranakans") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine "Peranakan cuisine") [Sino-Native](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Native "Sino-Native") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Myanmar "Chinese people in Myanmar") [Kokang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokang_people "Kokang people") [Panthay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthay "Panthay") [Pashu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans "Peranakans") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Filipino "Chinese Filipino") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine "Filipino Chinese cuisine") [Sangley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangley "Sangley") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans "Chinese Singaporeans") [Chinese nationals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_nationals_in_Singapore "Chinese nationals in Singapore") [Straits-Born Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans "Peranakans") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chinese "Thai Chinese") [Chin Haw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Haw "Chin Haw") [Phuket Baba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans "Peranakans") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_people "Hoa people") [Minh Hương](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minh_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng "Minh Hương") [Sán Dìu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diu_people "San Diu people") [Ngái](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A1i_people "Ngái people") [Hoa Nùng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_N%C3%B9ng "Chinese Nùng") \| \| South \| [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Bangladesh "Chinese people in Bangladesh") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_community_in_India "Chinese community in India") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine "Indian Chinese cuisine") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Pakistan "Chinese people in Pakistan") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine "Pakistani Chinese cuisine") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Sri_Lanka "Chinese people in Sri Lanka") \| \| West \| [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Iran "Chinese people in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Israel "Chinese people in Israel") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Turkey "Chinese people in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "Chinese people in the United Arab Emirates") \| \| Europe \| \| \| \| \| \| Northern \| [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Denmark "Chinese people in Denmark") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Finland "Chinese people in Finland") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_people_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1 "Chinese people in Norway (page does not exist)") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Sweden "Chinese people in Sweden") \| \| Western \| [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Belgium "Chinese people in Belgium") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_diaspora_in_France "Chinese diaspora in France") [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_community_in_Paris "Chinese community in Paris") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Germany "Chinese people in Germany") [Nazi era](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Chinese_people_in_Nazi_Germany "Persecution of Chinese people in Nazi Germany") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ireland "Chinese people in Ireland") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Netherlands "Chinese people in the Netherlands") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Chinese "British Chinese") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine "British Chinese cuisine") [from Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_people_in_the_United_Kingdom "Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_community_in_London "Chinese community in London") [Triads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triads_in_the_United_Kingdom "Triads in the United Kingdom") \| \| Southern \| [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Italy "Chinese people in Italy") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Portugal "Chinese people in Portugal") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Spain "Chinese people in Spain") \| \| Eastern \| [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Bulgaria "Chinese people in Bulgaria") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Czech_Republic "Chinese people in the Czech Republic") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_of_Romania "Chinese of Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Russia "Ethnic Chinese in Russia") [Soviet deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_deportations_of_Chinese_people "Soviet deportations of Chinese people") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Serbia "Chinese people in Serbia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Turkey "Chinese people in Turkey") \| \| Oceania \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Australians "Chinese Australians") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine "Australian Chinese cuisine") [restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_restaurants_in_Australia "Chinese restaurants in Australia") [Chinese Methodist Church in Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Methodist_Church_in_Australia "Chinese Methodist Church in Australia") [Hong Kong Australians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Australians "Hong Kong Australians") [Taiwanese Australians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Australians "Taiwanese Australians") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Fiji "Chinese in Fiji") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Hawaii "Chinese immigration to Hawaii") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Palau "Chinese in Palau") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Zealanders "Chinese New Zealanders") [cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Chinese_cuisine "New Zealand Chinese cuisine") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Papua_New_Guinea "Chinese people in Papua New Guinea") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Samoa "Chinese in Samoa") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Tonga "Chinese in Tonga") \| \| People \| [List of British Chinese people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_Chinese_people "List of British Chinese people") [List of Chinese diaspora people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_diaspora_people "List of Chinese diaspora people") [List of Chinese Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Americans "List of Chinese Americans") [List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foreign_politicians_of_Chinese_descent "List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent") [List of heads of state and government of Chinese descent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_of_Chinese_descent "List of heads of state and government of Chinese descent") [List of naturalised Olympic table tennis players from China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_naturalised_Olympic_table_tennis_players_from_China "List of naturalised Olympic table tennis players from China") [List of Malaysians of Chinese descent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysians_of_Chinese_descent "List of Malaysians of Chinese descent") \| \| Organizations \| [All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Returned_Overseas_Chinese "All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese") [Association of Chinese Professionals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Chinese_Professionals "Association of Chinese Professionals") [Asiatic Exclusion League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Exclusion_League "Asiatic Exclusion League") [Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Consolidated_Benevolent_Association "Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association") [Chinese Congress on World Evangelization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Congress_on_World_Evangelization "Chinese Congress on World Evangelization") [Chinese Empire Reform Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Empire_Reform_Association "Chinese Empire Reform Association") [Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Hand_Laundry_Alliance "Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance") [Chinese Music Society of North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Music_Society_of_North_America "Chinese Music Society of North America") [Chinese Students and Scholars Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Students_and_Scholars_Association "Chinese Students and Scholars Association") [Citizen Power Initiatives for China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Power_Initiatives_for_China "Citizen Power Initiatives for China") [Confucius Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius_Institute "Confucius Institute") [Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Confucius_Institutes "Criticism of Confucius Institutes") [Eng Suey Sun Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng_Suey_Sun_Association "Eng Suey Sun Association") [Free Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Tibet "Free Tibet") [Gin Family Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin_Family_Association "Gin Family Association") [Hanban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanban "Hanban") [Lung Kong Tin Yee Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_Kong_Tin_Yee_Association "Lung Kong Tin Yee Association") [List of Chinese American associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_American_associations "List of Chinese American associations") [Overseas Chinese Affairs Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office") [Overseas Chinese banks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_banks "Overseas Chinese banks") [Overseas Chinese History Museum of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_History_Museum_of_China "Overseas Chinese History Museum of China") [Overseas Chinese University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_University "Overseas Chinese University") [Overseas Community Affairs Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Community_Affairs_Council "Overseas Community Affairs Council") [Tong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_\(organization\) "Tong (organization)") [Tong Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_Wars "Tong Wars") [Tongmenghui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongmenghui "Tongmenghui") [Triad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_\(organized_crime\) "Triad (organized crime)") \| \| [Chinese schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_school "Chinese school") \| [Chinese as a foreign language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_as_a_foreign_language "Chinese as a foreign language") [Hwa Chong Institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwa_Chong_Institution "Hwa Chong Institution") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Chinese_national-type_primary_schools_in_Malaysia "Lists of Chinese national-type primary schools in Malaysia") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_schools_in_the_Philippines "List of Chinese schools in the Philippines") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_language_schools_in_Taiwan_for_foreign_students "List of Chinese language schools in Taiwan for foreign students") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_schools_in_the_United_States "List of Chinese schools in the United States") [Association of Chinese Schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Chinese_Schools "Association of Chinese Schools") \| \| Other \| [Anti-Chinese sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment "Anti-Chinese sentiment") [Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_Refugee_Chinese_Intellectuals "Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals") [Chinese Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Bridge "Chinese Bridge") [Chinese emigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_emigration "Chinese emigration") [Chinese restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_restaurant "Chinese restaurant") [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_restaurants "List of Chinese restaurants") [Chinatown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown "Chinatown") [Lists of Chinatowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Chinatowns "Lists of Chinatowns") [Social issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_issues_in_Chinatowns "Social issues in Chinatowns") [Chinese intelligence activity abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad "Chinese intelligence activity abroad") [Chinese police overseas service stations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_police_overseas_service_stations "Chinese police overseas service stations") [Chinese New Year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") [Dragon boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat") [Dragon Boat Festival]() [Jook-sing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jook-sing "Jook-sing") [Kongsi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsi "Kongsi") [Language and overseas Chinese communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_and_overseas_Chinese_communities "Language and overseas Chinese communities") [Legislation on Chinese Indonesians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislation_on_Chinese_Indonesians "Legislation on Chinese Indonesians") [Love Boat (study tour)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Boat_\(study_tour\) "Love Boat (study tour)") [Operation Fox Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Fox_Hunt "Operation Fox Hunt") [Operation Sky Net](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sky_Net "Operation Sky Net") [Qingtianese diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingtianese_diaspora "Qingtianese diaspora") [Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Snakehead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakehead_\(gang\) "Snakehead (gang)") [Transnational lawfare by China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_lawfare_by_China "Transnational lawfare by China") [Transnational repression by China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_repression_by_China "Transnational repression by China") [Yellow Peril](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Peril "Yellow Peril") \| \| 1 An [overseas department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_department "Overseas department") of France in the western Indian Ocean. See also: [Hong Kong Diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hongkong_Disapora "Template:Hongkong Disapora"), [Taiwan Diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Taiwanese_diaspora "Template:Taiwanese diaspora") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan "Template:Public holidays in Taiwan") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan "Template talk:Public holidays in Taiwan") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan "Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in Taiwan")[![Taiwan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan") [Public holidays in Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Taiwan "Public holidays in Taiwan") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Founding Day of the Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_\(1912\)#Establishment_of_government "Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)") [Lunar New Year's Eve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_New_Year#Customs_and_Traditions#Preparations_Before_the_New_Year "Taiwanese New Year") [Lunar New Year Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_New_Year#Customs_and_Traditions#Preparations_Before_the_New_Year "Taiwanese New Year") (first 3 days of the period) [Peace Memorial Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Memorial_Day "Peace Memorial Day") [Children's Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Day "Children's Day") [Tomb Sweeping Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Labor Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_Day "Labor Day") [Dragon Boat Festival]() [Confucius' Birthday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius%27_Birthday "Confucius' Birthday") [Mid-Autumn Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival "Mid-Autumn Festival") [National Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China "National Day of the Republic of China") [Retrocession Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocession_Day "Retrocession Day") [Constitution Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Day "Constitution Day") \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_map_of_Taiwan_%28ROC%29.svg/60px-Flag_map_of_Taiwan_%28ROC%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Taiwan_\(ROC\).svg) \| [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"): - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:China "Portal:China") - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/20px-Calendar_icon.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg) [Holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Holidays "Portal:Holidays") \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254268#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| National \| [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85039279) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987012431007605171) \| \| Other \| [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/4a340d29-25d4-409a-86a1-2c68b0a8527f) \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&oldid=1341522553>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Boat festivals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Boat_festivals "Category:Boat festivals") - [Dragon boat racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dragon_boat_racing "Category:Dragon boat racing") - [Festivals in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_China "Category:Festivals in China") - [Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity "Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity") - [May observances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:May_observances "Category:May observances") - [June observances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_observances "Category:June observances") - [Observances set by the Chinese calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Observances_set_by_the_Chinese_calendar "Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar") - [Public holidays in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_holidays_in_China "Category:Public holidays in China") - [Public holidays in Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Category:Public holidays in Hong Kong") - [Public holidays in Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_holidays_in_Taiwan "Category:Public holidays in Taiwan") - [Summer in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_in_China "Category:Summer in China") Hidden categories: - [Articles containing Chinese-language text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text "Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text") - [Articles containing Portuguese-language text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text "Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text") - [Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Portuguese-language_sources_\(pt\) "Category:Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)") - [Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_\(zh\) "Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)") - [Webarchive template wayback links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links "Category:Webarchive template wayback links") - [CS1 errors: periodical ignored](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored "Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored") - [CS1 interwiki-linked names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names "Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names") - [CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_\(ja\) "Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)") - [CS1 maint: location missing publisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher "Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher") - [CS1 maint: location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location "Category:CS1 maint: location") - [CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_\(zh\) "Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)") - [All articles with dead external links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links "Category:All articles with dead external links") - [Articles with dead external links from February 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2024 "Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2024") - [Articles with permanently dead external links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links "Category:Articles with permanently dead external links") - [Articles with short description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description") - [Short description is different from Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata") - [Use dmy dates from June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2021 "Category:Use dmy dates from June 2021") - [Infobox holiday with missing field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Infobox_holiday_with_missing_field "Category:Infobox holiday with missing field") - [Infobox holiday (other)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Infobox_holiday_\(other\) "Category:Infobox holiday (other)") - [Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text "Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text") - [Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text "Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text") - [Pages using template Zh with sup tags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_template_Zh_with_sup_tags "Category:Pages using template Zh with sup tags") - [All articles with unsourced statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements "Category:All articles with unsourced statements") - [Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023 "Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023") - [Commons category link from Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata") - This page was last edited on 3 March 2026, at 17:47 (UTC). - Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License "Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"); additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use "foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use") and [Privacy Policy](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy "foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy"). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https://wikimediafoundation.org/), a non-profit organization. - [Privacy policy](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy) - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About) - [Disclaimers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer) - [Contact Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) - [Legal & safety contacts](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information) - [Code of Conduct](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct) - [Developers](https://developer.wikimedia.org/) - [Statistics](https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org) - [Cookie statement](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement) - [Mobile view](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile) - [![Wikimedia Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg)](https://www.wikimedia.org/) - [![Powered by MediaWiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https://www.mediawiki.org/) Search Toggle the table of contents Dragon Boat Festival 45 languages [Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival)
Readable Markdown	\| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg/250px-Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qing_Dynasty_Dragon_Boat_Festival.jpg)Dragon Boat Festival (18th century) \| \| \| Observed by \| Chinese \| \| Type \| Cultural \| \| Observances \| Dragon boat racing, consumption of [realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine") and [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") \| \| Date \| Fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_lunisolar_calendar "Chinese lunisolar calendar") \| \| 2025 date \| 31 May \| \| 2026 date \| 19 June \| \| 2027 date \| 9 June \| \| 2028 date \| 28 May \| \| Frequency \| Annual \| \| Related to \| [Tango no sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku "Tango no sekku"), [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)"), [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D "Tết Đoan Ngọ"), [Yukka Nu Hii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukka_Nu_Hii "Yukka Nu Hii") \| \| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| \| \| Country \| [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") \| \| Reference \| [225](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00225) \| \| Region \| [Asia and the Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA "Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA") \| \| Inscription history \| \| \| Inscription \| 2009 (4th session) \| \| [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| Representative \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg/120px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg) UNESCO Cultural Heritage \| \| \| Gangneung Danoje Festival \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists") \| \| \| Country \| [Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea "Korea") \| \| Reference \| [114](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00114) \| \| Region \| [Asia and the Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA "Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA") \| \| Inscription history \| \| \| Inscription \| 2008 \| \| Chinese name \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 端午节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 端午節 \| \| Literal meaning \| Midyear festival \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Duānwǔ jié \| \| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") \| Tuan1\-wu3 chieh2 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| [\[twán.ù tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| \| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") \| \| \| [Yale Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese") \| Dyūn ńgh jit \| \| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") \| Dyun1 Ng5 Zit3 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") \| [\[tyn˥.ŋ tsit̚˧\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Toan-ngó͘-cheh Toan-ngó͘-choeh Toan-ngó͘-chiat \| \| Dragon Boat Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 龙船节 / 龙舟节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 龍船節 / 龍舟節 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Lóngchuánjié / Lóngzhōujié \| \| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") \| Lung2\-chʻuan2\-chieh2 / Lung2\-chou1\-chieh2 \| \| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| [\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰwǎn.tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") / [\[lʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂóʊ.tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") \| \| Double Fifth Festival Fifth Month Festival Fifth Day Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 重五节 / 双五节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 重五節 / 雙五節五月節五日節 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Gō͘-go̍eh-cheh / Gō͘-ge̍h-choeh Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh / Gō͘-li̍t-choeh \| \| Dumpling Festival \| \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 肉粽节 \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 肉糭節 \| \| Literal meaning \| Meat [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") festival \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") \| \| \| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") \| Bah-chàng-cheh / Bah-chàng-choeh \| \| Portuguese name \| \| \| [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language") \| Festividade do Barco-Dragão \| The Dragon Boat Festival ([traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 端午節; [simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 端午节; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Duānwǔ jié; [Cantonese Yale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese"): Dyūnńgh jit[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-5)), also known as the Tuen Ng Festival in Hong Kong and Macau, is a traditional Chinese holiday that occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the [Chinese calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar"), which corresponds to late May or early June in the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar"). The holiday commemorates [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") who was the beloved prime minister of the southern Chinese [state of Chu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Chu "State of Chu") during the [Warring States period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period "Warring States period"), about 600 B.C. to 200 B.C., and is celebrated by holding [dragon boat races](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_races "Dragon boat races") and eating sticky rice dumplings called [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"), which were southern Chinese traditions. The Dragon Boat Festival integrates praying for good luck and taking respite from the summer heat. In September 2009, [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO") officially approved the holiday's inclusion in the [Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists"), becoming the first Chinese holiday to be selected.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-7) Other than "Dragon Boat Festival", [\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick20111-8) used as the official English translation of the holiday by the [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-prc-9), and "Tuen Ng Festival", as used by Hong Kong as the official English name, it is also referred to in some English sources as Double Fifth Festival which alludes to the day of the festival according to the Chinese calendar.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-10) The Chinese name of the festival is pronounced differently in different [Chinese languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languages "Chinese languages"). Duanwu (端午) literally means 'starting five'—i.e., the first "fifth day" of the month according to the [Chinese zodiac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac "Chinese zodiac").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-heibonsha-tango-11)[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-14) However, despite the literal meaning referring to the [Earthly Branches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthly_Branches "Earthly Branches"), this character has also become associated with wǔ (五; wu3; 'five'), due to the characters often having the same pronunciation. Hence Duanwu, the festival on "the fifth day of the fifth month".[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-chen2016-15) The fifth lunisolar month is considered an unlucky and poisonous month, and the fifth day of the fifth month especially so.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) To get rid of the misfortune, people would put [calamus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorus_calamus "Acorus calamus"), [Artemisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_\(plant\) "Artemisia (plant)"), and garlic above the doors on the fifth day of the fifth month.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) These were believed to help ward off evil by their strong smell and their shape (for instance, calamus leaves are shaped like swords).[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Venomous animals were said to appear starting from the fifth day of the fifth month, such as snakes, centipedes, and scorpions;[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-18) people also supposedly get sick easily after this day.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people try to avoid this bad luck.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) For example, people may put pictures of the five venomous creatures (snake, centipede, scorpion, lizard, toad, and sometimes spider[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)) on the wall and stick needles in them. People may also make paper cutouts of the five creatures and wrap them around the wrists of their children.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-19) Big ceremonies and performances developed from these practices in many areas, making the Dragon Boat Festival a day for getting rid of disease and bad luck. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg/250px-Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qu_Yuan_Chen_Hongshou_2.jpg) 17th century depiction of [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") The story best known in modern China holds that the festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister [Qu Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan "Qu Yuan") (c. 340–278 BC) of the [ancient state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_\(Chinese\) "State (Chinese)") of [Chu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_\(state\) "Chu (state)") during the [Warring States period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period "Warring States period") of the [Zhou dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty "Zhou dynasty").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) A cadet member of the [Chu royal house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi_\(surname\) "Mi (surname)"), Qu served in high offices. However, when the king decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of [Qin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_\(state\) "Qin (state)"), Qu was banished for opposing the alliance and even accused of treason.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During his exile, Qu Yuan wrote a great deal of [poetry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_poetry "Chinese poetry"). Eventually, Qin captured [Ying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ying_\(Chu\) "Ying (Chu)"), the Chu capital. In despair, Qu Yuan [committed suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_suicide "Committed suicide") by drowning himself in the [Miluo River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miluo_River "Miluo River").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It is said that the local people, who admired him, raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This is said to have been the origin of [dragon boat races](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_race "Dragon boat race").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) When his body could not be found, they dropped balls of [sticky rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_rice "Sticky rice") into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body. This is said to be the origin of [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-scmp1-20) During the twentieth century, Qu Yuan became considered a patriotic poet and a symbol of the people. He was promoted as a folk hero and a symbol of [Chinese nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_nationalism "Chinese nationalism") in the People's Republic of China after the 1949 [Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution "Chinese Communist Revolution"). The historian and writer [Guo Moruo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo "Guo Moruo") was influential in shaping this view of Qu.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-21) Another origin story says that the festival commemorates [Wu Zixu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zixu "Wu Zixu") (died 484 BC), a statesman of the [Kingdom of Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(state\) "Wu (state)").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) King [Goujian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goujian "Goujian") of the [state of Yue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yue_\(state\) "Yue (state)") sends [Xi Shi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Shi "Xi Shi"), a beautiful woman, to the state of Wu to distract its King [Fuchai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchai "Fuchai") from state affairs. Wu Zixu sees through the plot and warned Fuchai, who became angry and forced the latter to commit suicide. His body was thrown into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month. After his death, in places such as [Suzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou,_Jiangsu "Suzhou, Jiangsu"), Wu Zixu is remembered during the Dragon Boat Festival. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG/250px-Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caoe_Temple_09_2014-08.JPG) The front of the Cao E Temple, facing east, toward the [Cao'e River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao%27e_River "Cao'e River") in [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu "Shangyu"), Zhejiang Although Wu Zixu is commemorated in southeast [Jiangsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangsu "Jiangsu") and Qu Yuan elsewhere in China, much of Northeastern [Zhejiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang "Zhejiang"), including the cities of [Shaoxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaoxing "Shaoxing"), [Ningbo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo "Ningbo") and [Zhoushan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhoushan "Zhoushan"), celebrates the memory of the young girl [Cao E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_E "Cao E") (130–144 AD) instead. Cao E's father Cao Xu (曹盱) was a shaman who presided over local ceremonies at [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu "Shangyu"). In 143, while presiding over a ceremony commemorating Wu Zixu during the Dragon Boat Festival, Cao Xu accidentally fell into the [Shun River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shun_River "Shun River"). Cao E, in an act of [filial piety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filial_piety "Filial piety"), searched the river for 3 days trying to find him. After five days, she and her father were both found dead in the river from drowning. Eight years later, in 151, a temple was built in [Shangyu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangyu,_Shaoxing "Shangyu, Shaoxing") dedicated to the memory of Cao E and her sacrifice. The Shun River was renamed Cao'e River in her honor.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-22) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg/250px-Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Visitors_Tent_at_South_Shore_of_Dajia_Riverside_Park_in_2017_Taipei_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_20170530Na.jpg) [Dragon boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat") races at [Dajia Riverside Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajia_Riverside_Park "Dajia Riverside Park") in [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei "Taipei") Cao E is depicted in the [Wu Shuang Pu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Shuang_Pu "Wu Shuang Pu") ("Table of Peerless Heroes") by Jin Guliang. ### Pre-existing holiday \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Pre-existing holiday")\] Some modern research suggests that the stories of Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu were possibly superimposed onto pre-existing holiday traditions. The promotion of these stories might have been encouraged by [Confucian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius "Confucius") scholars, seeking to legitimize and strengthen their influence in China. The relationship between zongzi, Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival first appeared during the early Han dynasty.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-23) The stories of both Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu were recorded in [Sima Qian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_Qian "Sima Qian")'s [Shiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiji "Shiji"), completed 187 and 393 years after the respective events, because historians wanted to praise both characters. According to some, the holiday may have originated as a celebration of agriculture, fertility, and [rice growing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_growing "Rice growing") in southern China.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) As recently as 1952 the American sociologist [Wolfram Eberhard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_Eberhard "Wolfram Eberhard") wrote that it was more widely celebrated in southern China than in the north.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-24) Another theory is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from [dragon worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_dragon "Chinese dragon").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) This theory was advanced by [Wen Yiduo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Yiduo "Wen Yiduo"). Support is drawn from two key traditions of the festival: the tradition of dragon boat racing and [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"). The food may have originally represented an offering to the [dragon king](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_king "Dragon king"), while dragon boat racing naturally reflects a reverence for the dragon and the active yang energy associated with it. This was merged with the tradition of visiting friends and family on boats. Another suggestion is that the festival celebrates a widespread feature of east Asian agrarian societies: the harvest of winter wheat. Offerings were regularly made to deities and spirits at such times: in the ancient Yue, dragon kings; in the ancient Chu, Qu Yuan; in the ancient Wu, Wu Zixu (as a river god); in [ancient Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Korea "Ancient Korea"), mountain gods (see [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)")). As interactions between different regions increased, these similar festivals eventually merged into one holiday. In the early 20th century the Dragon Boat Festival was observed from the first to the fifth days of the fifth month, and was also known as the Festival of Five Poisonous/Venomous Insects ([traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 毒蟲節; [simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 毒虫节; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): Dúchóng jié; [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles"): Tu2\-chʻung2\-chieh2). [Yu Der Ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Der_Ling "Princess Der Ling") writes in chapter 11 of her 1911 memoir Two Years in the Forbidden City: > The first day of the fifth moon was a busy day for us all, as from the first to the fifth of the fifth moon was the festival of five poisonous insects, which I will explain later—also called the Dragon Boat Festival. ... Now about this Feast. It is also called the Dragon Boat Feast. The fifth of the fifth moon at noon was the most poisonous hour for the poisonous insects, and reptiles such as frogs, lizards, snakes, hide in the mud, for that hour they are paralyzed. Some medical men search for them at that hour and place them in jars, and when they are dried, sometimes use them as medicine. Her Majesty told me this, so that day I went all over everywhere and dug into the ground, but found nothing.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-26) In 2008 the Dragon Boat Festival was made a [national public holiday in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China "Public holidays in China").[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-27) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg/250px-Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum%2C_Beijing.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attributed_to_Li_Zhaodao_Dragon-boat_Race._Palace_Museum,_Beijing.jpg) [Dragon boat race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_race "Dragon boat race") by Li Zhaodao (675–758) The festival was long marked as a cultural festival in China and is a public holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan"). The [People's Republic of China's government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_China "Government of China") established in 1949 did not initially recognize the Dragon Boat Festival as a public holiday but reintroduced it in 2008 alongside two other festivals in a bid to boost traditional culture.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-28)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-29) The Dragon Boat Festival is unofficially observed by the [Chinese communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_diaspora "Chinese diaspora") of Southeast Asia, including [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_of_Singapore "Public holidays of Singapore") and [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_of_Malaysia "Public holidays of Malaysia"). In Singapore, each dialect group has its own unique style of rice dumplings, with different ingredients and wrapping methods that reflect a rich diversity of cultural flavors.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-30) Equivalent and related official festivals include the Korean [Dano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_\(Korean_festival\) "Dano (Korean festival)"),[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-31) Japanese [Tango no sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku "Tango no sekku"),[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) and Vietnamese [Tết Đoan Ngọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90oan_Ng%E1%BB%8D "Tết Đoan Ngọ").[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-nussbaum948-32) ## Practices and activities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Practices and activities")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg/250px-%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%83_%E4%BD%9A%E5%90%8D_%E8%87%A8%E7%8E%8B%E6%8C%AF%E9%B5%AC_%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%A0%E5%9C%96_%E5%8D%B7-Dragon_Boat_Regatta_on_Jinming_Lake_MET_DP204603.jpg) Section of Dragon Boat Regatta by [Wang Zhenpeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Zhenpeng_\(painter\) "Wang Zhenpeng (painter)") (fl. 1275–1330) Three of the most widespread activities conducted during the Dragon Boat Festival are eating (and preparing) [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi"), drinking [realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine"), and racing [dragon boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat "Dragon boat").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-33) [Dragon boat racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat_racing "Dragon boat racing") has a rich history of ancient ceremonial and ritualistic traditions, which originated in southern central China more than 2500 years ago. The legend starts with the story of Qu Yuan, who was a minister in one of the Warring State governments, Chu.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) He was slandered by jealous government officials and banished by the king.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Out of disappointment in the Chu monarch, he drowned himself in the Miluo River.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The common people rushed to the water and tried to recover his body, but they failed.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) In commemoration of Qu Yuan, people hold dragon boat races yearly on the day of his death according to the legend.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) They also scattered rice into the water to feed the fish, to prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is one of the origins of [zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zongzi.jpg/250px-Zongzi.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zongzi.jpg) Red Bean Rice Dumpling ### Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Zongzi (traditional Chinese rice dumplings)")\] A notable part of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is making and eating zongzi, also known as sticky rice dumplings, with family members and friends. People traditionally make zongzi by wrapping [glutinous rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutinous_rice "Glutinous rice") and fillings in leaves of reed or bamboo, forming a pyramid shape.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) The leaves also give a special aroma and flavor to the sticky rice and fillings. Choices of fillings vary depending on regions.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Northern regions in China prefer sweet or dessert-styled zongzi, with bean paste,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) jujube,[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) and nuts as fillings. Southern regions in China prefer savory zongzi, with a variety of fillings including eggs and meat.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) [Zongzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi "Zongzi") appeared before the [Spring and Autumn period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period "Spring and Autumn period") and were originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the Chinese medicine yizhiren ([Alpinia oxyphylla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_oxyphylla "Alpinia oxyphylla")) was added to the ingredients for making zongzi. This cooked zongzi is called yizhi zong.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-34) 'Wu' (午) in the name 'Duanwu' has a pronunciation similar to that of the number 5 in multiple Chinese dialects, and thus many regions have traditions of eating food that is related to the number 5. For example, the Guangdong and Hong Kong regions have the tradition of having congee made from 5 different beans. Jiangsu, [Zhejiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang "Zhejiang") and [Huangshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangshan "Huangshan") area have the custom to eat "five yellow", which refers to five different foods with "yellow" in names. \[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] [Realgar wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar_wine "Realgar wine") or Xionghuang wine is a Chinese alcoholic drink that is made from Chinese liquor dosed with powdered [realgar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar "Realgar"), a yellow-orange arsenic sulfide mineral.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) It was traditionally used as a pesticide, and as a common antidote against disease and venom.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded-25) On the Dragon Boat Festival, people may put realgar wine on parts of children's faces to repel the five poisonous creatures.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-35) ### 5-colored silk-threaded braid \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragon_Boat_Festival&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: 5-colored silk-threaded braid")\] In some regions of China, people, especially children, wear silk ribbons or threads of 5 colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black, representing the [five elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuxing_\(Chinese_philosophy\) "Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)")) on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) People believe that this will help keep evil away.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival-17) Other common activities include hanging up icons of [Zhong Kui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Kui "Zhong Kui") (a mythic guardian figure), hanging [mugwort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugwort "Mugwort") and [calamus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamus_\(palm\) "Calamus (palm)"), taking long walks, and wearing perfumed medicine bags.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-36)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival-16) Other traditional activities include a game of making an egg stand at noon (this "game" implies that if someone succeeds in making the egg stand at exactly 12:00 noon, that person will receive luck for the next year), and writing [spells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_\(paranormal\) "Magic (paranormal)"). All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine or water, were regarded by the ancients (and some today) as effective in preventing disease or evil while promoting health and well-being. In the early years of the [Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_\(1912%E2%80%931949\) "Republic of China (1912–1949)"), Duanwu was celebrated as the "Poets' Day" due to Qu Yuan's status as China's first known poet. In Taiwanese tradition, [balancing an egg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg-balancing "Egg-balancing") on Duanwu is said to bring good fortune for the rest of the year.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-dbfest-37) The sun is considered to be at its strongest around the time of the summer solstice, as the daylight in the northern hemisphere is the longest. The sun, like the [Chinese dragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_dragon "Chinese dragon"), traditionally represents [masculine energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_\(concept\) "Yang (concept)"), whereas the moon, like the [phoenix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenghuang "Fenghuang"), traditionally represents [feminine energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_\(concept\) "Yin (concept)"). The summer solstice is considered the annual peak of male energy while the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, represents the annual peak of feminine energy. The masculine image of the dragon has thus become associated with the Dragon Boat Festival.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-38) - [![Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg/330px-Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomishiro_ha-ri.jpg "Hari in Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan") Hari in [Tomigusuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomigusuku "Tomigusuku"), [Okinawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture "Okinawa Prefecture"), Japan - [![A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG/330px-Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dragon_boats_racing_at_2008_SFIDBF_02.JPG "A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008") A dragon boat racing in San Francisco, 2008 - [![Uncooked zongzi](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bakcang.JPG/330px-Bakcang.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bakcang.JPG "Uncooked zongzi") - [![Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pehcun_Festival.jpg/500px-Pehcun_Festival.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pehcun_Festival.jpg "Egg balancing in Tangerang, Indonesia") Egg balancing in [Tangerang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerang "Tangerang"), Indonesia - [![Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: "Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival" (恭祝總統端節愉快)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg/500px-Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Liang_Island_%E4%BA%AE%E5%B3%B6_4729773746_6dfa4b9d6f_o.jpg "Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou visiting Liang Island before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: \"Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival\" (恭祝總統端節愉快)") Taiwan's president [Ma Ying-jeou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou "Ma Ying-jeou") visiting [Liang Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Island "Liang Island") before the Dragon Boat Festival (2010) The sign reads: "Respectfully Wishing the President a Joyous Dragon Boat Festival" (恭祝總統端節愉快) - [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk") - [Traditional Chinese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_holidays "Traditional Chinese holidays") 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-5) In [Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_language "Cantonese language"), it is [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Cantonese "Romanization of Cantonese") as Tuen1 Ng5 Jit3 in Hong Kong and Tung1 Ng5 Jit3 in [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau"), hence the name "Tuen Ng Festival" used in [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-hk-1) and Tun Ng (Festividade do Barco-Dragão in [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language")) in Macau.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-mac-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-4) 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-14) Also suggested to mean "Beginning of Noon",[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe1983141-12) or "High Noon Festival",[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_note-taiwan-foreign-ministry1-13) since "horse" also marks the hours 11:00–13:00 each day. 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-hk_1-0) GovHK. " [General holidays for 2014](http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/holiday/index.htm)". 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-mac_2-0) Macau Government Tourist Office. "[Calendar of Events](http://www.macautourism.gov.mo/events/calendar.php)". 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-3) Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. "[Ordem Executiva \#60/2000](http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2000/40/ordem60.asp)". 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Portuguese) 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-4) Special Administrative Region of Macao. Office of the Chief Executive. 《[第60/2000號行政命令](http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2000/40/ordem60_cn.asp#60)》. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 3 November 2013. (in Chinese) 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-6) ["Dragon Boat festival - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage"](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/dragon-boat-festival-00225). UNESCO. September 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2023. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-7) ["端午节：中国首个入选世界非遗的节日"](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI5OTQ5NDQyNg==&mid=2247534262&idx=1&sn=96fbfdffe59d4c4312814ec8fc9064a7&chksm=ec97bbc3dbe032d55be18bc3b0a5a6cf37a32e51a4a3345a7c29976673587b2dabd700379353#rd). Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 22 June 2023. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick20111_8-0) [Chittick (2011)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFChittick2011), p. 1. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-prc_9-0) Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. "[Holidays](http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/16/content_23785.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120502100026/http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/16/content_23785.htm) May 2, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")". 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-10) "[Double Fifth (Dragon Boat) Festival](http://tour.tncg.gov.tw/English/culture/ct01.asp?type=12) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080506213724/http://tour.tncg.gov.tw/English/culture/ct01.asp?type=12) May 6, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")". 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-heibonsha-tango_11-0) [Inahata, Kōichirō](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%B2%E7%95%91%E8%80%95%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E "ja:稲畑耕一郎") \[in Japanese\] (2007). [Tango 端午 (たんご)](https://japanknowledge.asia-u.ac.jp/introduction/keyword.html) . 世界大百科事典 (revised, new ed.). Heibonsha. via Japanknowledge. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowe1983141_12-0) [Lowe (1983)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#CITEREFLowe1983), p. 141. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-taiwan-foreign-ministry1_13-0) ["Dragon Boat Festival"](https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=20,20,29,35,35,45&post=26089). Taiwan Today. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 June 1967. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-chen2016_15-0) Chen, Sanping (January–March 2016). "Were 'Ugly Slaves' in Medieval China Really Ugly?". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 136 (1): 30–31\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https://doi.org/10.7817%2Fjameroriesoci.136.1.117). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [10\.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117](https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.117). 14. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-8) [j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-9) [k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-10) [l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-11) [m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-12) [n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-13) [o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-14) [p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-15) [q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-16) [r](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Wei_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_16-17) Wei, Liming (2010). Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals* (Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 36–43\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9787508516936](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787508516936 "Special:BookSources/9787508516936") . `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher "Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher")) 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-8) [j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-9) [k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-10) [l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-11) [m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-12) [n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-13) [o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-14) [p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Stepanchuk_Mooncakes_and_Hungry_Ghosts_Dragon_Boat_Festival_17-15) Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 41–50\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-8351-2481-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8351-2481-9 "Special:BookSources/0-8351-2481-9") . 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-18)* ["zh:端午节五毒指的是蝎子、蛇、壁虎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍五种动物。"](https://taiwan.cri.cn/2015-6-17/5ed30bc1-60c0-4a0a-89e8-a4ba00934d89.html) \[en:The five poisonous animals of the Dragon Boat Festival refer to five animals: scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes, and toads.\]. taiwan.cri.cn. Retrieved 27 March 2025. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-19) Liu, L. (2011). 'Beijing Review' Color Photographs. vol. 54, issue 23. pp. 42–43\. `{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location "Category:CS1 maint: location")) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher "Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher")) 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-scmp1_20-2) [SCMP](http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News)." Earthquake and floods make for the muted festival.* Retrieved on 9 June 2008. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120625104853/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=f1a731616886a110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=China&s=News) 25 June 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-21) Zikpi, Monica E M (2014). ["Revolution and Continuity in Guo Moruo's Representations of Qu Yuan"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43490204). Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 36: 175–200\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0161-9705](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-9705). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [43490204](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43490204). Retrieved 11 March 2023. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-22) ["The river in which she jumped was renamed as Cao's River"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220341/http://www.dragonboatfestival.tk/2017/04/dragon-boat-festival-history.html). Archived from [the original](https://www.dragonboatfestival.tk/2017/04/dragon-boat-festival-history.html) on 4 April 2017. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-23) ["The Legends Behind the Dragon Boat Festival"](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-legends-behind-the-dragon-boat-festival-135634582/). Smithsonian. 14 May 2009. 22. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-Eberhard_Chinese_Festivals_Dragon_Boat_Festival_24-1) Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). "The dragon-boat festival". Chinese Festivals. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 69–96\. 23. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-China_Daily_Dragon_Boat_Festival_activities_expanded_25-1) ["Dragon Boat Festival activities expanded"](http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/22/content_341276.htm). www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 11 March 2023. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-26)* Yü, Der Ling (1911). Two Years in the Forbidden City. T. F. Unwin. [Project Gutenberg](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/889/889-h/889-h.htm) 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-27) ["Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay"](https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202106/14/WS60c69dcba31024ad0bac691b.html). www.chinadaily.com.cn. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-28) People's Daily. "[Peopledaily](http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200506/25/eng20050625_192259.html)." China to revive traditional festivals to boost traditional culture. Retrieved on 9 June 2008. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-29) Xinhua Net. "[First day-off for China's Dragon Boat Festival helps revive tradition](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/08/content_8326884.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20131222045755/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/08/content_8326884.htm) 2013-12-22 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")." Xinhua News Agency. Published 8 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-30) ["粽子飘香传情意黄总理端午节祝愿国人幸福平安"](https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20250531-6528257). [Lianhe Zaobao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lianhe_Zaobao "Lianhe Zaobao") (in Chinese). [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"). 31 May 2025. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250531051118/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20250531-6528257) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-31) ["Duanwu: The Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Races"](http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=011_duanwu.inc&issue=011). China Heritage Quarterly. September 2007. 30. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-nussbaum948_32-1) Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al* (2005). "Tango no Sekku" in [Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 948.](https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA948), p. 948, at [Google Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books "Google Books") 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-33) ["Dragon Boat Festival"](http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Festivals/78316.htm). [China Internet Information Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Internet_Information_Center "China Internet Information Center"). Retrieved 12 June 2013. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-34) Yuan, He (2015). ["Textual Research on the Origin of Zongzi"](http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/85099X/201506/666955605.html). Journal of Nanning Polytechnic. \[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-35) Huang, Shaorong (December 1991). ["Chinese Traditional Festivals"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). The Journal of Popular Culture. 25 (3): 163–180\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/j.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1991.1633111.x). Retrieved 28 March 2023. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-36) ["Dragon Boat Festival keeps the beast at bay"](https://s.chinadailyhk.com/m26RJ3). chinadailyhk. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-dbfest_37-0) Huang, Ottavia. Hmmm, This Is What I Think: "[Dragon Boat Festival: Time to Balance an Egg](http://ottaviahuang.blogspot.de/2012/06/dragon-boat-festiva-time-to-balance-egg.html)". 24 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival#cite_ref-38) [Chan, Arlene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene_Chan "Arlene Chan") & al. Paddles Up! Dragon Boat Racing in Canada, [p. 27](https://books.google.com/books?id=LVj3enfaK5IC&pg=PA27). Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-55488-395-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-395-0 "Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-395-0") . Retrieved 1 June 2011. - Chittick, Andrew (2011). "The Song Navy and the Invention of Dragon Boat Racing". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 2011 (41): 1–28\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1353/sys.2011.0025](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsys.2011.0025). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [23496206](https://www.jstor.org/stable/23496206). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [162282148](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162282148). - Lowe, H. Y. (aka Lü Hsing-yüan 慮興源) (2014) \[1983\]. ["The Dragon Boat Festival"](https://books.google.com/books?id=a87_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141). The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man. Translated by [Bodde, Derk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derk_Bodde "Derk Bodde"). Princeton University Press. pp. 141–148\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2307/j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt7ztjmr.20). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781400855896](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400855896 "Special:BookSources/9781400855896") . [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [j.ctt7ztjmr.20](https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7ztjmr.20). - [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Duanwu Festival](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duanwu_Festival "commons:Category:Duanwu Festival") at Wikimedia Commons
Shard	152 (laksa)
Root Hash	17790707453426894952
Unparsed URL	org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival s443