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| Boilerpipe Text | Donald Trump
Official portrait, 2025
45th & 47th
President of the United States
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2025
Vice President
JD Vance
Preceded by
Joe Biden
In office
January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021
Vice President
Mike Pence
Preceded by
Barack Obama
Succeeded by
Joe Biden
Personal details
Born
Donald John Trump
June 14, 1946
(age 79)
Queens
, New York City, U.S.
Party
Republican
(1969–1978, 1987–1999, 2009–2011,
since 2012)
Other political
affiliations
Reform
(1999–2001)
Democratic
(2001–2009)
Independent
(2011–2012)
Spouses
Ivana Zelníčková
(
m.
;
div.
)
Marla Maples
(
m.
;
div.
)
Melania Knauss
(
m.
)
Children
Donald Jr.
Ivanka
Eric
Tiffany
Barron
Parents
Fred Trump
Mary Anne MacLeod
Relatives
Trump family
Education
University of Pennsylvania
(
BS
)
Occupation
Politician
businessman
media personality
Signature
Website
White House website
First presidency:
Presidential library
White House archives
Trump on the
World Health Organization
's declaration of
COVID-19
as a global pandemic
Recorded March 11, 2020
Donald John Trump
(born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th
president of the United States
. A member of the
Republican Party
, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.
Born into a wealthy New York City family, Trump graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania
in 1968 with a
bachelor's degree
in economics. He became the president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it
the Trump Organization
, and began acquiring and building skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He launched side ventures, many licensing the Trump name, and filed for six business bankruptcies in the 1990s and 2000s. From 2004 to 2015, he hosted the reality television show
The Apprentice
, bolstering his fame as a billionaire. Presenting himself as a political outsider, Trump won the
2016 presidential election
against
Democratic Party
nominee
Hillary Clinton
.
During
his first presidency
, Trump imposed
a travel ban
on seven
Muslim-majority countries
, expanded the
Mexico–United States border wall
, and enforced
a family separation policy
on the border. He rolled back environmental and business regulations, signed the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
, and appointed three Supreme Court justices. He withdrew the U.S. from agreements on climate, trade, and Iran's nuclear program, and started
a trade war with China
. In response to the
COVID-19 pandemic
in 2020, he downplayed its severity, contradicted health officials, and signed the
CARES Act
. After losing the
2020 presidential election
to
Joe Biden
, Trump
attempted to overturn the result
, culminating in the
January 6 Capitol attack
in 2021. He was impeached twice—
in 2019
for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress and
in 2021
for incitement of insurrection—and acquitted by the Senate both times.
In 2023, Trump was found liable in civil cases
for sexual abuse and defamation
and
for business fraud
. In May 2024, he was found guilty on 34 counts
of falsifying business records
, making him the first U.S. president convicted of a felony. After winning the
2024 presidential election
against Vice President
Kamala Harris
, he was given a no-penalty sentence, and two
federal felony indictments against him
for
retention of classified documents
and
obstruction of the 2020 election
were dismissed without prejudice.
Trump began
his second presidency
by initiating
mass layoffs of federal workers
. He
imposed tariffs
on nearly all countries at the highest level since the
Great Depression
and signed the
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
. His administration's actions—including
its targeting of political opponents
and civil society,
persecution of transgender people
, mass
deportation of immigrants
, and extensive use of executive orders—have drawn over 550
lawsuits challenging their legality
. In Latin America, he pursued a legally contested campaign to
attack alleged drug traffickers
, and ordered
a military raid into Venezuela
in which President
Nicolas Maduro
was captured and deposed. In February 2026, Trump authorized joint U.S.–Israeli strikes on Iran that resulted in the
2026 Iran war
.
Since 2015, Trump's leadership style and political agenda—often referred to as
Trumpism
—have reshaped the Republican Party's identity. Many of his comments and actions have been
characterized as racist
or misogynistic. He has
made many false or misleading statements
during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics, and
promotes conspiracy theories
. Trump's actions have been described by researchers as authoritarian and contributing to
democratic backsliding
. After his first term, scholars and historians
ranked him
as one of the worst presidents in American history.
Early life and education
1964 yearbook photo
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at
Jamaica Hospital
in the New York City borough of
Queens
, the fourth child of
Fred Trump
and
Mary Anne MacLeod Trump
.
[
1
]
He is of German and Scottish descent.
[
2
]
He grew up with his older siblings,
Maryanne
,
Fred Jr.
, and Elizabeth, and his younger brother,
Robert
, in a 23-room mansion in the
Jamaica Estates
neighborhood of Queens.
[
3
]
Fred Trump paid his children each about $20,000 a year, equivalent to $265,000 a year in 2024. Trump was a millionaire in inflation-adjusted dollars by age eight.
[
4
]
Trump attended the private
Kew-Forest School
through seventh grade. His father enrolled him in the
New York Military Academy
, a private boarding school, from eighth to twelfth grade.
[
5
]
The academy pushed students into sports
[
6
]
and taught the imperative of winning.
[
7
]
Trump considered a show business career but instead, to be closer to home, enrolled at
Fordham University
in 1964.
[
8
]
He participated in the
Reserve Officers' Training Corps
during his first year, attending classes in a military uniform every Wednesday, but dropped it in his second year.
[
9
]
In his junior year, he transferred to the
Wharton School
of the
University of Pennsylvania
, most often commuting to his father's office on weekends, and graduated in May 1968 with a
Bachelor of Science
in economics.
[
10
]
Contrary to his statements that he was top of his class with the highest grades possible, Wharton's published academic honors and dean's list do not include his name.
[
11
]
[
12
]
By the time he went to Wharton he was eyeing a career in real estate.
[
13
]
He was exempted from the draft during the Vietnam War due to a claim of
bone spurs
in his heels.
[
14
]
Business career
Real estate
Starting in 1968, Trump was employed at Trump Management, his father's real estate company,
[
15
]
which managed the middle-class apartment complexes Fred had built in
Queens
,
Staten Island
, and
Brooklyn
.
[
16
]
His main tasks were collecting rent and making repairs
[
17
]
for about five years.
[
18
]
Trump asked his father to expand to
Manhattan
where prices were higher, but his father was content in the outer boroughs.
[
18
]
In 1971, he moved to Manhattan, where he planned to move the business
[
19
]
and commuted to his father's office.
[
20
]
That year, his father made himself chairman and Trump president.
[
13
]
Trump began using the Trump Organization as an umbrella for the corporate names of his father's businesses.
[
21
]
Roy Cohn
, Trump's most important early influence after his father,
[
22
]
was his
fixer
, lawyer, and mentor
[
23
]
for 13 years in the 1970s and 1980s.
[
24
]
Cohn taught Trump that life is transactional.
[
25
]
In 1973, Cohn helped Trump countersue the U.S. government for $100 million (equivalent to $725 million in 2025
[
26
]
) over its charges that Trump's properties had discriminated against Black applicants and tenants. The case was settled in a consent decree agreeing to desegregate, which the Trumps ended up in court for violating four years later.
[
27
]
Helping Trump projects,
[
28
]
Cohn was a
consigliere
whose Mafia connections controlled construction unions.
[
29
]
In 1979, Cohn introduced political consultant
Roger Stone
to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.
[
30
]
Trump showed a propensity for litigation, no matter the outcome and cost; even when he lost, he described the case as a win.
[
31
]
By 2018, Trump had been involved in more than 4,000 lawsuits,
[
32
]
liens, and other filings, often filed for nonpayment against him by employees, contractors, real estate brokers, and his own attorneys.
[
33
]
Between 1991 and 2009, Trump filed for
Chapter 11
bankruptcy protection for six of his businesses: the
Plaza Hotel
in Manhattan, the casinos in
Atlantic City, New Jersey
, and the
Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts
company.
[
34
]
[
35
]
In 1992 and 1994, Trump, working with several relatives, formed a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with significant markups; the increased costs were used to get state approval for increasing the rents of his rent-stabilized units. Besides inflating rents, the schemes served to transfer assets from Fred Trump to his children and nephew and lower their tax burden.
[
36
]
Manhattan and Chicago developments
In 1985 with a model of one of his aborted Manhattan development projects
[
37
]
Trump gained public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture: the renovation of the derelict
Commodore Hotel
, adjacent to Grand Central Terminal.
[
38
]
The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged for him by his father who also, jointly with
Hyatt
, guaranteed a $70 million bank construction loan.
[
39
]
[
40
]
The hotel reopened in 1980 as the
Grand Hyatt Hotel
,
[
41
]
and that same year, he obtained rights to develop
Trump Tower
, a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.
[
42
]
The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Corporation and Trump's
PAC
and was his primary residence until 2019.
[
43
]
In 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel with a loan from a consortium of 16 banks.
[
44
]
The hotel filed for bankruptcy protection in 1992, and a reorganization plan was approved a month later, with the banks taking control of the property.
[
45
]
In 1995, Trump defaulted on over $3 billion of bank loans, and the lenders seized the Plaza Hotel along with most of his other properties in a "vast and humiliating restructuring" that allowed him to avoid personal bankruptcy.
[
46
]
[
47
]
Trump's last major construction project was the 92-story mixed-use
Trump International Hotel and Tower
in Chicago, which opened in 2008. In 2024,
The New York Times
and ProPublica reported
that the Internal Revenue Service was investigating whether he had twice written off losses incurred through construction cost overruns and lagging sales of residential units in the building he had declared to be worthless on his 2008 tax return.
[
48
]
Atlantic City casinos
Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal (now the
Hard Rock Hotel & Casino
) in
Atlantic City
In 1984, Trump opened
Harrah's at Trump Plaza
, a hotel and casino, with financing and management help from the
Holiday Corporation
.
[
49
]
It was unprofitable, and he paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control.
[
50
]
In 1985, he bought the unopened Atlantic City Hilton Hotel and renamed it
Trump's Castle
.
[
51
]
[
52
]
Both casinos filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection in 1992.
[
53
]
Trump bought a third Atlantic City venue in 1988, the
Trump Taj Mahal
. It was financed with $675 million in
junk bonds
and completed for $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.
[
49
]
He filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991. Under the provisions of the restructuring agreement, Trump gave up half his initial stake and personally guaranteed future performance.
[
54
]
To reduce his $900 million of personal debt, he sold the
Trump Shuttle
airline; his megayacht, the
Trump Princess
, which had been leased to his casinos and kept docked; and other businesses.
[
55
]
In 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of the Trump Plaza.
[
56
]
THCR purchased the Taj Mahal and the Trump Castle in 1996 and went bankrupt in 2004 and 2009, leaving him with 10 percent ownership.
[
49
]
He remained chairman until 2009.
[
57
]
Golf clubs
In 1985, Trump acquired the
Mar-a-Lago
estate in Palm Beach, Florida.
[
58
]
In 1995, he converted the estate into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues. Trump continued to use a wing of the house as a private residence.
[
59
]
He declared the club his primary residence in 2019.
[
43
]
Trump began
building and buying golf courses
in 1999, owning 17 golf courses globally by 2016.
[
60
]
Licensing the Trump name
The Trump Organization
often licensed the Trump name for consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, learning courses, and home furnishings.
[
61
]
Over 50 licensing or management deals involved his name, generating at least $59 million for his companies.
[
62
]
By 2018, only two consumer goods companies continued to license Trump's name.
[
61
]
During the 2000s, he licensed his name to real estate developments. Forty of the projects he announced were not completed.
[
63
]
Side ventures
1985 New Jersey Generals press conference in
Trump Tower
In 1970, Trump invested $70,000 of his father's wealth to receive billing as coproducer of a Broadway comedy—and lost the money.
[
64
]
After making low-ball bids for the
New York Mets
and the
Cleveland Indians
baseball teams, in 1983 for about $6 million, he purchased the
New Jersey Generals
, a team in the
United States Football League
.
[
65
]
The league folded after the 1985 season, largely due to his attempt to move to a fall schedule (when it would have competed with the
National Football League
for audience) and his attempt to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit.
[
66
]
In 1989 and 1990, he lent his name to the
Tour de Trump
cycling stage race, an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the
Tour de France
or the
Giro d'Italia
.
[
67
]
From 1986 to 1988, he purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies while suggesting that he intended to take over the company and then sold his shares for a profit,
[
68
]
leading some observers to think he was engaged in
greenmail
.
[
69
]
The New York Times
found that he initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".
[
68
]
Trump's star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
In 1988, Trump purchased the
Eastern Air Lines Shuttle
, financing the purchase with $380 million (equivalent to $1.03 billion in 2025
[
26
]
) in loans from a syndicate of 22 banks. He renamed the airline
Trump Shuttle
and operated it until 1992.
[
70
]
He defaulted on his loans in 1991, and ownership passed to the banks.
[
71
]
In 1996, he purchased the
Miss Universe
pageants, including
Miss USA
and
Miss Teen USA
.
[
72
]
Due to disagreements with
CBS
about scheduling, he took both pageants to
NBC
in 2002.
[
73
]
[
74
]
In 2007, he received a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
for his work as producer of Miss Universe.
[
75
]
NBC and Univision dropped the pageants in June 2015 in reaction to his comments about Mexican immigrants.
[
76
]
Trump University
In 2005, Trump cofounded
Trump University
, a company that sold real estate seminars for up to $35,000. After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of "university" violated state law because it was not an academic institution, its name was changed to the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.
[
77
]
In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University, alleging that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers. Additionally, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.
[
78
]
Shortly after he won the 2016 presidential election, he agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.
[
79
]
Foundation
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a
private foundation
established in 1988.
[
80
]
From 1987 to 2006, Trump gave his foundation $5.4 million, which had been spent by the end of 2006. After donating a total of $65,000 in 2007–2008, he stopped donating any personal funds to the charity,
[
81
]
which received millions from other donors, including $5 million from
Vince McMahon
.
[
82
]
The foundation gave to health and sports-related charities, conservative groups,
[
83
]
and charities that held events at Trump properties.
[
81
]
In 2016,
The Washington Post
reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including self-dealing and
tax evasion
.
[
84
]
Also in 2016, the New York attorney general stated the foundation had violated state law by soliciting donations without submitting to required annual external audits and ordered it to cease its fundraising activities in New York immediately.
[
85
]
Trump's team announced in December 2016 that the foundation would be dissolved.
[
86
]
In June 2018, the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.
[
87
]
In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed its assets to other charities.
[
88
]
In November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.
[
89
]
Legal affairs and bankruptcies
According to a review of state and federal court files conducted by
USA Today
in 2018, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions.
[
32
]
While Trump has not filed for
personal bankruptcy
, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection six times between 1991 and 2009.
[
35
]
They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced his shares in the properties.
[
35
]
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion.
[
90
]
After his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks, with the exception of
Deutsche Bank
, declined to lend to him.
[
91
]
After the
January 6 Capitol attack
, Deutsche Bank also decided not to do business with him or his affiliated company in the future.
[
92
]
Trump has
published 19 books under his name
, most written or cowritten by
ghostwriters
.
[
93
]
His first book,
The Art of the Deal
(1987), was a
New York Times
Best Seller
, and was credited by
The New Yorker
with making Trump famous as an "emblem of the successful tycoon".
[
94
]
The book was ghostwritten by
Tony Schwartz
, who is credited as a coauthor. Trump had cameos in many films and television shows from 1985 to 2001.
[
95
]
Trump acquired his style of politics from
professional wrestling
. From the late 1980s, he sporadically played himself as a super-rich boss at events staged by professional wrestling promotion
WWE
, including
WrestleMania 23
in 2007.
[
96
]
[
97
]
[
page needed
]
Starting in the 1990s, Trump appeared 24 times as a guest on the nationally syndicated
Howard Stern Show
.
[
98
]
He had his own short-form talk radio program,
Trumped!
, from 2004 to 2008.
[
99
]
From 2011 until 2015, he was a guest commentator on
Fox & Friends
.
[
100
]
In 2021, Trump, who had been a member since 1989, resigned from
SAG-AFTRA
to avoid a disciplinary hearing regarding the January 6 attack; two days later, the union permanently barred him.
[
101
]
Producer
Mark Burnett
made Trump a television star
[
102
]
when he created the reality show
The Apprentice
, which Trump hosted from 2004 to 2015 (including variant
The Celebrity Apprentice
). On the shows, he was a superrich chief executive who eliminated contestants with the
catchphrase
"you're fired".
The New York Times
called his portrayal "a highly flattering, highly fictionalized version" of himself.
[
103
]
The shows remade Trump's image for millions of viewers nationwide.
[
103
]
[
104
]
With the related licensing agreements, they earned him more than $400 million.
[
105
]
Early political aspirations
Trump registered as a
Republican
in Queens in 1969 and in Manhattan in 1987;
[
13
]
[
106
]
a member of the
Independence Party
, the New York state affiliate of the
Reform Party
, in 1999; a
Democrat
in 2001; a Republican in 2009;
unaffiliated
in 2011; and a Republican in 2012.
[
107
]
Speaking at
CPAC
, February 2011
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in major newspapers,
[
108
]
expressing his views on foreign policy and how to eliminate the federal budget deficit.
[
109
]
In 1988, he approached
Lee Atwater
, asking to be put into consideration to be Republican nominee
George H. W. Bush
's running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable".
[
110
]
[
111
]
Trump
was a candidate
in the
2000 Reform Party presidential primaries
for three months before he withdrew in February 2000.
[
112
]
[
113
]
[
114
]
In 2011, Trump considered challenging President
Barack Obama
in
the 2012 election
. He spoke at the
Conservative Political Action Conference
in February and gave speeches in states with early primaries.
[
115
]
[
116
]
In May 2011, he announced that he would not run.
[
115
]
2016 presidential election
Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 election in June 2015.
[
117
]
[
118
]
He campaigned as a rich, successful businessman and an outsider without political experience,
[
119
]
[
120
]
[
121
]
and claimed
media bias
against him.
[
122
]
[
123
]
Trump's campaign statements were often opaque and suggestive;
[
124
]
a record number were false.
[
125
]
[
126
]
[
127
]
He became the Republican front-runner in March 2016
[
128
]
and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee in May.
[
129
]
This and later campaigns featured the slogan "
Make America Great Again
".
Campaigning in Arizona, March 2016
Trump described
NATO
as "obsolete"
[
130
]
[
131
]
and espoused views described by
The Washington Post
as
noninterventionist
and
protectionist
.
[
132
]
His campaign platform emphasized renegotiating
U.S.–China relations
and
free trade agreements
such as
NAFTA
and strongly enforcing immigration laws. Other campaign positions included pursuing
energy independence
while opposing climate change regulations, modernizing
services for veterans
, repealing and replacing the
Affordable Care Act
, abolishing
Common Core
education standards,
investing in infrastructure
, simplifying the
tax code
while reducing taxes, and imposing
tariffs
on imports by companies that offshore jobs. He advocated increasing military spending and extreme vetting or banning of immigrants from Muslim-majority countries.
[
133
]
He promised to build a
wall on the Mexico–U.S. border
and vowed that Mexico would pay for it.
[
134
]
He pledged to deport millions of
illegal immigrants residing in the U.S.
,
[
135
]
and criticized
birthright citizenship
for incentivizing "
anchor babies
".
[
136
]
According to an analysis in
Political Science Quarterly
, Trump made "explicitly racist and sexist appeals to win over white voters" during his 2016 presidential campaign.
[
137
]
In particular, his campaign launch speech drew criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists";
[
138
]
in response, NBC fired him from
Celebrity Apprentice
.
[
139
]
Trump's FEC-required reports listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.
[
140
]
[
141
]
He did not release
his tax returns
, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and to promises he made in 2014 and 2015 to release them if he ran for office.
[
142
]
[
143
]
He said his tax returns were being
audited
, and that his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.
[
144
]
After a lengthy court battle to block release of his tax returns and other records to the
Manhattan district attorney
for a criminal investigation, including two appeals by Trump to the
U.S. Supreme Court
, in February 2021 the high court allowed the records to be released to the prosecutor for review by a grand jury.
[
145
]
[
146
]
In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from
The New York Times
. They show that he had declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years.
[
147
]
Trump won the election with 306 pledged
electoral votes
versus 232 for Democratic candidate
Hillary Clinton
. After elector
defections on both sides
, the official count was 304 to 227.
[
148
]
The fifth person to be elected president
despite losing the popular vote
,
[
a
]
he received about 2.87 million fewer votes than Clinton, 46.1% to her 48.2%.
[
149
]
[
150
]
He was the only president who neither served in the military nor held any government office prior to becoming president.
[
151
]
The Republicans also won a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate elections that election day, marking the return of a Republican
undivided government
.
[
b
]
[
152
]
Trump's victory
sparked protests
in major U.S. cities.
[
153
]
[
154
]
First presidency (2017–2021)
Taking the
presidential oath of office
, administered by Chief Justice
John Roberts
, on January 20, 2017
Trump
was inaugurated
on January 20, 2017. The day after his inauguration, an estimated 2.6 million people worldwide, including 500,000 in Washington, D.C., protested against him in the
Women's Marches
.
[
155
]
During his first two weeks in office, Trump signed
eighteen executive orders
, including authorizing procedures for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, advancement of the
Keystone XL
and
Dakota Access Pipeline
projects, and planning for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.
[
156
]
Conflicts of interest
Trump continued to profit from his businesses during his first presidency and knew how his administration's policies affected them.
[
157
]
[
158
]
Although he said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization pursued operational expansions in Scotland, Dubai, and the Dominican Republic.
[
157
]
[
158
]
Lobbyists, foreign government officials, and Trump donors and allies generated hundreds of millions of dollars for his resorts and hotels.
[
159
]
Domestic policy
Trump took office at the height of the longest
economic expansion
in American history,
[
160
]
which began in 2009 and continued until February 2020, when the
COVID-19 recession
began.
[
161
]
In December 2017, he signed the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
, which reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals and eliminated the penalty associated with the
Affordable Care Act
's individual mandate.
[
162
]
[
163
]
Under Trump, the federal budget deficit increased by almost 50 percent, to nearly $1 trillion in 2019.
[
164
]
By the end of his term, the
U.S. national debt
increased by 39 percent, reaching $27.75 trillion, and the U.S.
debt-to-GDP ratio
hit a post-World War II high.
[
165
]
Trump rejects the
scientific consensus on climate change
.
[
166
]
He reduced the budget for
renewable energy
research by 40 percent and reversed Obama-era policies directed at curbing
climate change
.
[
167
]
He
withdrew from the Paris Agreement
, making the U.S. the only nation to not ratify it.
[
168
]
Trump aimed and aims to boost the production and exports of
fossil fuels
.
[
169
]
[
170
]
Natural gas
expanded under Trump, but
coal continued to decline
.
[
171
]
[
172
]
He
rolled back
more than 100 federal environmental regulations, including those that curbed
greenhouse gas emissions
, air and
water pollution
, and the use of toxic substances. He weakened protections for animals and
environmental standards
for federal infrastructure projects, and expanded permitted areas for drilling and
resource extraction
, such as allowing
drilling in the Arctic Refuge
.
[
173
]
Trump dismantled federal regulations on health,
[
174
]
[
175
]
labor,
[
175
]
the environment,
[
176
]
[
175
]
and other areas, including a bill that revoked the Obama-era regulation restricting the sale of firearms to severely mentally ill people.
[
177
]
During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended, or reversed ninety federal regulations,
[
178
]
often "after requests by the regulated industries".
[
179
]
Trump vowed to repeal and replace the
Affordable Care Act
.
[
180
]
He scaled back the act's implementation through executive orders.
[
181
]
[
182
]
He expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail"; his administration halved the
enrollment period
and drastically reduced funding for enrollment promotion.
[
183
]
[
184
]
In response to the
opioid epidemic
, Trump signed legislation in 2018 to increase funding for drug treatments, but was widely criticized for failing to make a concrete strategy.
[
185
]
He barred organizations that provide abortions or abortion referrals from receiving federal funds.
[
186
]
His administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections against
discrimination of LGBTQ people
.
[
187
]
His attempted rollback of anti-discrimination protections for
transgender
patients in August 2020 was halted by a federal judge after a Supreme Court ruling extended employees' civil rights protections to
gender identity
and sexual orientation.
[
188
]
His administration
took an anti-marijuana position
, revoking
Obama-era policies
that provided protections for states that legalized marijuana.
[
189
]
Trump is a long-time advocate of capital punishment,
[
190
]
[
191
]
and his administration oversaw the
federal government execute
13 prisoners, more than in the previous 56 years combined, ending a 17-year moratorium.
[
192
]
Pardons and commutations
During his first term, Trump granted 237 requests for clemency, fewer than all presidents since 1900 with the exception of
George H. W. Bush
and
George W. Bush
.
[
193
]
Only 25 of them had been vetted by the Justice Department's
Office of the Pardon Attorney
; the others were granted to people with personal or political connections to him, his family, and his allies, or recommended by celebrities.
[
194
]
[
195
]
In his last full day in office, he granted 73 pardons and commuted 70 sentences.
[
196
]
The pardons of three military service members convicted of or charged with violent crimes were opposed by military leaders.
[
197
]
Immigration
As president, Trump described illegal immigration as an "invasion" of the United States
[
198
]
and drastically escalated immigration enforcement.
[
199
]
[
200
]
He implemented harsh policies against asylum seekers
[
200
]
and
deployed nearly 6,000 troops
to the
U.S.–Mexico border
to stop illegal crossings.
[
201
]
He reduced the number of
refugees admitted
to record lows, from an annual limit of 110,000 before he took office to 15,000 in 2021.
[
202
]
[
203
]
[
204
]
Trump also increased restrictions on granting
permanent residency
to
immigrants needing public benefits
.
[
205
]
One of his central campaign promises was to build a
wall along the U.S.–Mexico border
;
[
206
]
during his first term, the U.S. built 73 miles (117 km) of wall in areas without barriers and 365 miles (587 km) to replace older barriers.
[
207
]
In 2018, Trump's refusal to sign any
spending bill
unless it allocated funding for the border wall
[
208
]
resulted in
the longest-ever federal government shutdown
, for 35 days from December 2018 to January 2019.
[
209
]
[
210
]
The shutdown ended after he agreed to fund the government without any funds for the wall.
[
209
]
To avoid another shutdown, Congress passed a funding bill with $1.4 billion for border fencing in February.
[
211
]
Trump later declared a
national emergency on the southern border
to divert $6.1 billion of funding to the border wall
[
211
]
despite congressional disagreement.
[
212
]
In January 2017, Trump signed
an executive order
that
denied entry to citizens from six Muslim-majority countries
for four months and from Syria indefinitely.
[
213
]
[
214
]
The order caused
many protests
and
legal challenges
that resulted in
nationwide injunctions
.
[
213
]
[
214
]
[
215
]
A revised order
giving some exceptions was also blocked by courts,
[
216
]
[
217
]
but
the Supreme Court ruled in June
that the ban could be enforced on those lacking "a
bona fide
relationship with a person or entity" in the U.S.
[
218
]
Trump replaced the ban in September with
a presidential proclamation
extending travel bans to North Koreans, Chadians, and some Venezuelan officials, but excluded Iraq and Sudan.
[
219
]
The Supreme Court allowed that version to go into effect in December 2017,
[
220
]
and ultimately upheld the ban in 2019.
[
221
]
Children, sleeping mats, and foil blankets in wire mesh compartment,
Ursula detention facility
, June 2018
From 2017 to 2018, the Trump administration had
a policy of family separation
that separated over 4,400 children, some as young as four months old,
[
222
]
from migrant parents at the U.S.–Mexico border.
[
223
]
[
224
]
The unprecedented
[
225
]
policy sparked public outrage in the country.
[
226
]
Despite Trump initially blaming Democrats
[
227
]
[
228
]
and insisting he could not stop the policy with an executive order, he acceded to public pressure in June 2018 and mandated that illegal immigrant families be detained together unless "there is a concern" of risk for the child.
[
229
]
[
230
]
A judge later ordered that the families be reunited and further separations stopped except in limited circumstances,
[
231
]
[
232
]
though over 1,000 additional children were separated from their families after the order.
[
224
]
By April 2024, 1,360 children had not been confirmed as reunified with their families.
[
222
]
Foreign policy
G7
leaders at the
45th summit
in France, 2019
Trump describes himself as a "nationalist"
[
233
]
and his foreign policy as "
America First
".
[
234
]
He supported
populist
,
neo-nationalist
, and authoritarian governments.
[
235
]
Unpredictability, uncertainty, and inconsistency characterized foreign relations during his tenure.
[
234
]
[
236
]
Relations between the U.S. and its European allies were strained under Trump.
[
237
]
He criticized
NATO allies
and privately suggested that the U.S. should
withdraw from NATO
.
[
238
]
[
239
]
Trump supported many of the policies of Israeli prime minister
Benjamin Netanyahu
.
[
240
]
In 2020, Trump hosted the signing of the
Abraham Accords
between Israel and the
United Arab Emirates
and
Bahrain
to normalize their foreign relations.
[
241
]
Shaking hands with Russian president Vladimir Putin during the
2018 summit
in
Helsinki
, Finland
Trump began
a trade war with China
in 2018 after imposing tariffs and other trade barriers he said would force China to end longstanding unfair trade practice and
intellectual property infringement
.
[
242
]
Trump weakened the toughest U.S. sanctions imposed after the
2014 Russian annexation of Crimea
.
[
243
]
[
244
]
Trump praised and, according to some critics, rarely criticized Russian president
Vladimir Putin
,
[
245
]
[
246
]
though he opposed some actions of Russia's government.
[
247
]
He withdrew the U.S. from the
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
, citing alleged Russian noncompliance,
[
248
]
and supported Russia's possible return to the
G7
.
[
249
]
As
North Korea's nuclear weapons
were increasingly seen as a serious threat,
[
250
]
Trump became the first sitting U.S. president to meet a North Korean leader, meeting
Kim Jong Un
three times between June 2018 and June 2019.
[
251
]
Talks on North Korean
denuclearization
broke down in October 2019, and no agreement was reached.
[
252
]
[
253
]
Personnel
By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.
[
254
]
By July 2018, 61 percent of his senior aides had left
[
255
]
and 141 staffers had left in the previous year.
[
256
]
Both figures set a record for recent presidents.
[
257
]
Various close personal aides to Trump stopped working for him or were forced to leave.
[
258
]
Trump publicly disparaged several of his former top officials.
[
259
]
Trump had four
White House chiefs of staff
, marginalizing or pushing out several.
[
260
]
In May 2017, he
dismissed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director James Comey
, saying a few days later that he was concerned about Comey's role in the Trump–Russia investigations.
[
261
]
[
262
]
Three of Trump's 15 original cabinet members left or were forced to resign within his first year.
[
263
]
[
258
]
Trump was slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.
[
264
]
By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled and he had no nominee for 264.
[
265
]
Judiciary
Trump appointed 234
federal judges
, including 54 to the
courts of appeals
and
three
to the
Supreme Court
:
Neil Gorsuch
,
Brett Kavanaugh
, and
Amy Coney Barrett
,
[
266
]
[
267
]
which politically shifted the Court to the right.
[
268
]
[
269
]
[
270
]
In the 2016 campaign, he pledged that
Roe v. Wade
would be overturned "automatically" if he were elected and given the opportunity to appoint two or three anti-abortion justices. He later took credit when
Roe
was overturned by
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
in 2022; all three of his Supreme Court nominees voted with the majority.
[
271
]
[
272
]
Trump disparaged courts and judges he disagreed with, often in personal terms, and questioned the judiciary's constitutional authority. His attacks on courts drew rebukes from observers, including sitting federal judges, concerned about the effect of his statements on the
judicial independence
and public confidence in the judiciary.
[
273
]
[
274
]
COVID-19 pandemic
Conducting a COVID-19 press briefing with members of the
White House Coronavirus Task Force
on March 15, 2020
After ignoring public health warnings and calls for action from health officials within his administration for weeks,
[
275
]
Trump established the
White House Coronavirus Task Force
in late January.
[
276
]
In March, he signed into law the
CARES Act
—a $2.2 trillion bipartisan
economic stimulus
bill—the largest stimulus in U.S. history.
[
277
]
[
278
]
After weeks of attacks to draw attention away from his slow response, Trump halted funding of the
World Health Organization
in April.
[
279
]
He encouraged right-wing
protests against social-distancing policies
in states with stay-at-home orders
[
280
]
and repeatedly pressured federal health agencies to take actions he favored,
[
281
]
such as approving unproven treatments.
[
282
]
[
283
]
In October, Trump was
hospitalized for three days
with a severe case of
COVID-19
while his medical team downplayed the severity of his condition.
[
284
]
Investigations
After he assumed office, Trump was the subject of increasing
Justice Department
and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition, and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency,
his private businesses
, personal taxes, and
his charitable foundation
.
[
285
]
There were ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and twelve congressional investigations.
[
286
]
In July 2016, the
FBI
launched
Crossfire Hurricane
, an investigation into possible links between Russia and Trump's 2016 campaign.
[
287
]
After Trump fired Comey in May 2017, the FBI opened a second investigation into Trump's personal and
business dealings with Russia
.
[
288
]
In January 2017, three U.S. intelligence agencies jointly stated with "high confidence" that
Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election
to favor Trump.
[
289
]
[
290
]
Crossfire Hurricane was later transferred to
Robert Mueller
's
special counsel investigation
;
[
291
]
the investigation into Trump's ties to Russia was ended by Deputy Attorney General
Rod Rosenstein
after he told the FBI that Mueller would pursue the matter.
[
292
]
[
293
]
At the request of Rosenstein, the Mueller investigation examined criminal matters "in connection with Russia's 2016 election interference".
[
292
]
Mueller's final report
in March 2019
[
294
]
found that Russia interfered in 2016 to favor Trump
[
295
]
and that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged the effort,
[
296
]
[
297
]
[
298
]
but that the evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russia.
[
299
]
[
300
]
Trump claimed the report exonerated him despite Mueller writing that it did not.
[
301
]
The report also detailed potential obstruction of justice by Trump but "did not draw ultimate conclusions"
[
302
]
[
303
]
and left the decision to charge the laws to Congress.
[
304
]
Impeachments
Displaying the headline "Trump acquitted" in 2020
Trump was
impeached
twice by the House of Representatives, though acquitted by the Senate on both occasions. The
first impeachment
arose from a whistleblower complaint that in July 2019 Trump
had pressured
Ukrainian president
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
to investigate Joe and Hunter Biden,
[
305
]
in an attempt to gain an advantage in the
2020 presidential election
.
[
306
]
In December 2019, the House voted to impeach Trump for
abuse of power
and
obstruction of Congress
,
[
307
]
and the Senate acquitted him in February 2020.
[
308
]
The
second impeachment
came after the January 6 Capitol attack, for which the House charged Trump with
incitement of insurrection
on January 13, 2021.
[
309
]
Trump left office on January 20, and was acquitted on February 13. Seven Republican senators voted for conviction.
[
310
]
2020 presidential election and rejection of outcome
Trump filed to run for reelection only a few hours after becoming president in 2017.
[
311
]
He held his first reelection rally less than a month after taking office
[
312
]
and officially became the
Republican nominee
in August 2020.
[
313
]
Trump's campaign focused on crime, claiming that cities would descend into lawlessness if Democratic nominee
Joe Biden
won.
[
314
]
Starting in early 2020, Trump sowed doubts about the election, claiming without evidence that it would be rigged and that widespread use of mail balloting would produce massive election fraud.
[
315
]
[
316
]
He repeatedly refused to say whether he would accept the results if he lost and commit to a
peaceful transition of power
.
[
317
]
[
318
]
Joe Biden won the November 2020 election, receiving 81.3 million votes (51.3 percent) to Trump's 74.2 million (46.8 percent)
[
319
]
[
320
]
and 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232,
[
321
]
with the
Electoral College
formalizing Biden's victory on December 14.
[
321
]
Trump declared victory before the results were known on the morning after the election.
[
322
]
Days later, when Biden was projected the winner, Trump baselessly alleged election fraud.
[
323
]
As part of
an effort to overturn the results
, Trump and his allies filed many
lawsuits challenging the results
, which were rejected by at least 86 judges in both state and federal courts for having no factual or legal basis.
[
324
]
[
325
]
Trump's allegations were also refuted by state election officials,
[
326
]
and the Supreme Court declined to hear
a case asking it to overturn the results
in four states won by Biden.
[
327
]
Trump repeatedly sought help to overturn the results, personally pressuring Republican local and state office-holders,
[
328
]
Republican legislators,
[
329
]
the Justice Department,
[
330
]
and Vice President Pence,
[
331
]
urging actions such as
replacing presidential electors
,
[
329
]
or that Georgia officials
"find" votes and announce
a "recalculated" result.
[
328
]
Trump did not attend
Biden's inauguration
on January 20.
[
332
]
A crowd of Trump supporters during the attack
January 6 attack
On January 6, 2021, while
Congress was certifying the presidential election results
,
Trump held a rally
at which he called for the election to be overturned and urged his supporters to "fight like hell" and "take back our country" by marching to the Capitol.
[
333
]
His supporters then
formed a mob that broke into the building
, disrupting certification and causing the evacuation of Congress.
[
334
]
More than 140 police officers were injured, and five people died during or after the attack.
[
335
]
[
336
]
The event has been described as an attempted
self-coup
by Trump.
[
337
]
[
338
]
[
339
]
Congress later reconvened and confirmed Biden's victory in the early hours of January 7.
[
340
]
Between presidencies (2021–2025)
Upon leaving the White House, Trump began living at Mar-a-Lago, establishing an office there as provided for by the
Former Presidents Act
.
[
341
]
His continuing
false claims concerning the 2020 election
were commonly referred to as the "
big lie
" by his critics, although in May 2021, he and many of his supporters began using the term to refer to the election itself.
[
342
]
[
343
]
The Republican Party used his false claims about the election to justify
imposing new voting restrictions
in its favor.
[
344
]
[
345
]
[
346
]
He continued to pressure state legislators to overturn the election.
[
347
]
Unlike other former presidents, Trump continued to dominate his party; a 2022 profile in
The New York Times
described him as a modern
party boss
.
[
348
]
He continued fundraising, raising a
war chest
containing more than twice that of the Republican Party, and profited from fundraisers many Republican candidates held at Mar-a-Lago. Much of his focus was on party governance and installing in key posts officials loyal to him.
[
348
]
In the
2022 midterm elections
, Trump endorsed over 200 candidates for various offices.
[
349
]
In February 2022, his
Trump Media & Technology Group
(TMTG) launched a pro-Trump social media platform called
Truth Social
.
[
350
]
In March 2024, TMTG became a
public company
.
[
351
]
Legal issues
In 2019, journalist
E. Jean Carroll
accused Trump of raping her in the 1990s and
sued him for defamation
over his denial.
[
352
]
Carroll sued him again in 2022 for
battery
and further defamation.
[
353
]
He was
found liable
for sexual abuse and defamation and ordered to pay $5 million in one case
[
354
]
and $83.3 million in the other.
[
355
]
Federal appeals courts upheld both findings and awards in December 2024 and September 2025, respectively.
[
356
]
[
355
]
In 2022,
New York filed a civil lawsuit
against Trump accusing him of inflating the Trump Organization's value to gain an advantage with lenders and banks.
[
357
]
[
358
]
He was found liable and ordered to pay nearly $355 million plus interest.
[
358
]
In August 2025, the appeals court upheld his liability and nonmonetary penalties, but voided the monetary penalty as excessive.
[
359
]
In connection with Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election and his involvement in the January 6 attack, in December 2022 the
U.S. House committee on the attack
recommended criminal charges against him for
obstructing an official proceeding
, inciting or assisting an insurrection, and
conspiracy to defraud the United States
.
[
360
]
In August 2023, a grand jury in
Fulton County, Georgia
, indicted him on
13 charges, including racketeering
, for his efforts to subvert the 2020 election in the state.
[
361
]
[
362
]
The case was dismissed in November 2025 after the new prosecutor declined to pursue the charges.
[
363
]
Classified intelligence material found during search of Mar-a-Lago
In January 2022, the
National Archives and Records Administration
retrieved
15 boxes of documents
Trump had taken to
Mar-a-Lago
after leaving the White House, some of which were classified.
[
364
]
In the ensuing Justice Department investigation, officials retrieved more classified documents from his lawyers.
[
364
]
On August 8, 2022,
FBI agents searched Mar-a-Lago
for illegally held documents, including those in breach of the
Espionage Act
, collecting 11 sets of classified documents, some marked top secret.
[
365
]
[
366
]
A
federal grand jury
constituted by Special Counsel
Jack Smith
indicted Trump in June 2023 on 31 counts of "willfully retaining national defense information" under the Espionage Act, among other charges.
[
364
]
[
367
]
[
368
]
Trump pleaded not guilty.
[
369
]
In July 2024, judge
Aileen Cannon
dismissed the case, ruling Smith's appointment as special prosecutor was unconstitutional.
[
370
]
After his reelection, the
2020 election obstruction case
and the classified documents case were dismissed
without prejudice
due to Justice Department policy against prosecuting sitting presidents.
[
371
]
In May 2024, Trump
was convicted on 34 felony counts
of
falsifying business records
.
[
372
]
The case stemmed from evidence that he booked
Michael Cohen
's hush-money payments to adult film actress
Stormy Daniels
as business expenses to cover up his alleged 2006–2007 affair with Daniels during the 2016 election.
[
372
]
[
373
]
On January 10, 2025, the judge gave Trump a no-penalty sentence known as an unconditional discharge, saying that punitive requirements would have interfered with presidential immunity.
[
374
]
2024 presidential election
In November 2022, Trump announced his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election and created a fundraising account.
[
375
]
[
376
]
In March 2023, the campaign began diverting ten percent of the donations to his
leadership PAC
. His campaign had paid $100 million towards his legal bills by March 2024.
[
377
]
[
378
]
During the campaign, Trump made increasingly violent and authoritarian statements.
[
379
]
He said that he would weaponize the FBI and the Justice Department against his political opponents
[
380
]
[
381
]
and use the military to target Democratic politicians and those not supporting his candidacy.
[
382
]
[
383
]
He used harsher and more dehumanizing anti-immigrant rhetoric than during his presidency.
[
384
]
His rhetoric, calling his political opponents "the enemy", vermin, and fascists, has been described by some historians and scholars as authoritarian,
fascist
,
[
385
]
and unlike anything a political candidate has ever said in American history.
[
386
]
[
383
]
[
387
]
Age and health concerns
also arose during the campaign, with several medical experts highlighting an increase in rambling,
tangential speech
and
behavioral disinhibition
.
[
388
]
Trump mentioned "rigged election" and "election interference" earlier and more frequently than in the 2016 and 2020 campaigns and refused to commit to accepting the 2024 election results.
[
389
]
[
390
]
On July 13, 2024, Trump was shot in the ear in
an assassination attempt
at a campaign rally in
Butler Township, Pennsylvania
.
[
391
]
[
392
]
[
393
]
Two days later, the
2024 Republican National Convention
nominated him as their presidential candidate.
[
394
]
In September he was targeted but unharmed in
another assassination attempt
in Florida.
[
395
]
Trump won the election in November 2024 with 312 electoral votes to incumbent vice president Kamala Harris's 226.
[
396
]
He also won the popular vote with 49.8% to Harris's 48.3%.
[
397
]
His victory in 2024 was in large part due to the
2021–2023 inflation surge
.
[
398
]
[
399
]
Several outlets described his reelection as an extraordinary comeback.
[
400
]
[
401
]
Trump's policy platform (
Agenda 47
) was vague, to limit criticism and maintain flexibility.
[
402
]
Trump occasionally disavowed knowledge of the
Project 2025
group, formed to institutionalize
Trumpism
,
[
403
]
despite personnel overlap with his first administration.
[
404
]
[
405
]
Trump chose several Project 2025 authors for his second administration,
[
406
]
and most of his early second term executive actions would "mirror or partially mirror" its proposals.
[
407
]
Second presidency (2025–present)
Taking the
presidential oath of office
, administered by Chief Justice
John Roberts
, on January 20, 2025
Trump began his second term upon
his inauguration
on January 20, 2025.
[
408
]
He became the
oldest to assume the presidency
,
[
409
]
the first president with a felony conviction, and the second person to serve two nonconsecutive terms as president.
[
410
]
The New York Times
stated his attempts to expand presidential power are a defining characteristic of his second term, and they emphasized his conflicts with judicial authority.
[
411
]
Early actions
More than a month before the 100-day mark of Trump's second term, he had
issued more executive orders
than any other U.S. president's first 100 days.
[
412
]
As of mid-January 2026, his orders and actions had been challenged in over 550 lawsuits nationwide. Of these, plaintiffs had prevailed in 195 cases, the government had prevailed in 109 cases, there were split rulings in 16 cases, 228 cases were pending, and 25 cases were closed.
[
413
]
Both Republican and Democratic judicial appointees have found numerous constitutional and statutory flaws with Trump administration policies.
[
414
]
Following legal setbacks, Trump increased his criticism of the judiciary and called for impeachment of federal judges who ruled against him.
[
415
]
By mid-July 2025, a
Washington Post
analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.
[
416
]
His administration asserted a constitutional right to ignore federal law in its justification of several actions such as in his refusal to enforce a
federal ban on TikTok
, with legal experts describing it as claiming a "constitutional power to immunize private parties to commit otherwise illegal acts with impunity".
[
417
]
[
418
]
[
419
]
Conflicts of interest (2025–present)
Trump's second presidency has been described as having fewer guardrails against conflicts of interest than his first,
[
420
]
[
421
]
breaking with decades of ethical norms,
[
422
]
and raising substantial
corruption
concerns.
[
423
]
[
424
]
He maintained a publicly traded company in
Trump Media & Technology Group
, and diversified it into financial services.
[
425
]
He pursued new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and had several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.
[
420
]
He profited from events held at his hotels and golf courses and did not place his assets in a blind trust, as previous presidents had done.
[
426
]
Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from
two cryptocurrency tokens
("
meme coins
"),
$Trump
and $Melania.
[
427
]
[
428
]
He also directly benefited from his family's cryptocurrency company
World Liberty Financial
, which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy.
[
429
]
Mass terminations of federal employees
Trump implemented a hiring freeze across the federal government and ordered telework of federal employees to be discontinued within 30 days.
[
430
]
[
431
]
He ordered a review of many career civil service positions with the intention of
reclassifying them into at-will positions
without job protections.
[
431
]
[
432
]
[
433
]
He initiated mass job terminations of federal employees,
[
434
]
which were described by legal experts as unprecedented or in violation of federal law,
[
435
]
with the intent of replacing them with workers more aligned with his agenda.
[
436
]
By late February 2025, the administration had fired more than 30,000 people.
[
437
]
He ordered an end to
diversity, equity, and inclusion
(DEI) projects in the federal government and rescinded
Lyndon B. Johnson
's 1965
Executive Order 11246
, which had mandated that federal contractors take affirmative action to end racial discrimination.
[
438
]
[
439
]
Trump and
Elon Musk
's
Department of Government Efficiency
largely dismantled several federal agencies including
USAID
and the
Department of Education
, unilaterally fired several thousand staff, and reduced administrative functions to statutory minimums.
[
440
]
[
441
]
[
442
]
Targeting political opponents
During his second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target political opponents and
civil society
. He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the Democratic Party.
[
443
]
He ended the post-
Watergate
norm of
Justice Department
independence, weaponizing it and agencies across the federal government to target his political enemies.
[
444
]
[
445
]
Trump's actions against civil society were described by hundreds of legal experts and political scientists as
authoritarian
, contributing to
democratic backsliding
, and negatively impacting the
rule of law
.
[
446
]
[
447
]
[
448
]
Pardons and commutations (2025–present)
Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists,
[
449
]
[
450
]
and disproportionately pardoned "the powerful, famous, well-connected and wealthy" accused of white-collar crime.
[
450
]
Trump
granted clemency to all January 6 rioters
convicted or charged on his first day in office, including those who violently attacked police, by pardoning more than 1,500 and commuting the sentences of 14.
[
451
]
[
452
]
Domestic policy (2025–present)
Trump ordered agencies to stop enforcement of disfavored rules in an attempt at large-scale deregulation that legal experts described as illegal and contrary to decades of federal law.
[
453
]
[
454
]
He sought greater government control over private businesses and shifted away from traditional conservative
free market
orthodoxy,
[
455
]
engaging in
state capitalism
by taking direct government equity stakes in multiple U.S. corporations.
[
456
]
[
457
]
[
458
]
Science
Trump
canceled and paused federal grants
and made large cuts to scientific research,
[
459
]
several of which were found by judges and the
Government Accountability Office
as being illegal and unconstitutional.
[
460
]
[
461
]
Trump and his administration's
Make America Healthy Again
agenda promoted
anti-science
and
anti-vaccine activism
, resulting in a resurgence of whooping cough and measles.
[
462
]
[
463
]
National emergencies/health policy
Trump relied on declaring national emergencies to justify hundreds of actions and bypass congressional approval or regulatory review.
[
464
]
For instance, he declared a national energy emergency, allowing the suspension of environmental regulations, loosening the rules for fossil fuel extraction and limiting renewable energy projects.
[
465
]
[
466
]
Trump withdrew the U.S. from the
Paris Agreement
on climate change during his first presidency,
Biden
reentered the agreement in 2021, and Trump again withdrew from the agreement during his second presidency.
[
467
]
Trump attributed societal problems to
diversity, equity, and inclusion
(DEI) initiatives and
wokeness
.
[
468
]
Equating diversity with incompetence,
[
468
]
he reversed pro-diversity policies in the federal government.
[
469
]
[
470
]
He threatened cultural institutions on DEI grounds
[
471
]
and sixty universities on accusations of antisemitism,
[
472
]
and forced law firms to capitulate to his political agenda.
[
473
]
Trump expanded the domestic use of the military and ordered
military deployments to several Democratic Party-led cities
, and threatened to expand his deployments further.
[
474
]
[
475
]
Through
a series of executive orders
and other actions, Trump banned transgender people from the military;
[
476
]
restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare; opposed
inclusive language
;
[
477
]
censored research and education materials;
[
478
]
targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting what his government calls "gender ideology";
[
479
]
barred transgender athletes from sports; and required U.S. passports to state transgender people's sex assigned at birth.
[
480
]
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
In July 2025, Trump signed the
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
into law. The bill made the temporary tax cuts of the 2017
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
permanent and added additional tax deductions for a total of around $4.5 trillion, mostly benefiting the highest income brackets and costing people in the lowest income bracket $1,600 per year. It increased funding for national defense, deportations, the border wall, and Trump's proposed
Golden Dome
missile defense system. It removed tax credits for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power and for buyers of electric vehicles. The bill cut funding for
Medicaid
and
SNAP
and added additional work requirements for eligibility and a $35 co-payment for some Medicaid services; the cuts and additional requirements will take effect after the 2026 general election. The bill was projected by the
Congressional Budget Office
to increase the budget deficit by $3.4 trillion by 2034, cause 11.8 million people to lose Medicaid coverage, and eliminate SNAP benefits for three million people.
[
481
]
[
482
]
Immigration (2025–present)
During Trump's first days in office, he instructed Border Patrol agents to summarily deport
illegal immigrants
crossing the border and disabled the
CBP One
app that was being used to schedule border crossings. Trump resumed the
Remain in Mexico
policy, designated drug cartels as terrorist groups, and ordered construction to be resumed on a border wall.
[
483
]
[
484
]
He also revoked the parole status of immigrants who entered the U.S. under CBP One and ended
humanitarian parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans
.
[
484
]
In March 2025, he used the
Alien Enemies Act
of 1798 to
deport migrants without trial
to be imprisoned at the
Terrorism Confinement Center
in El Salvador.
[
485
]
Trump targeted activists, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or pro-Palestinian advocacy.
[
486
]
Several
American citizens were detained and deported
.
[
487
]
His aggressive and hardline deportation campaign led to large nationwide protests and violent confrontations with migrants and protesters which increased in intensity following high-profile killings of U.S. citizens by federal agents during
Operation Metro Surge
in January 2026.
[
488
]
[
489
]
Foreign policy (2025–present)
Trump's second term foreign policy was described as
expansionist
and imperialist.
[
490
]
[
491
]
His administration favored
hard power
to achieve its
America First
foreign policy goals,
[
492
]
and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American
soft power
.
[
493
]
[
494
]
Trump's relations with U.S. allies have been transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, while he has sought friendlier relations with certain U.S. adversaries.
[
495
]
Meeting with Zelenskyy, February 2025
In February 2025, Trump and Vice President Vance
berated Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy
in a highly contentious televised meeting. Media outlets described it as an unprecedented public confrontation between an American president and a foreign
head of state
.
[
496
]
[
497
]
Trump has taken a pro-Israel stance and continued
support for Israel in the Gaza war
.
[
498
]
From March to May 2025, Trump
launched an extensive aerial campaign
against
Houthi
targets in Yemen—his first major military operation in the Middle East during his second term.
[
499
]
As part of the 2025
Iran–Israel war
, Trump ordered the
bombing of Iranian nuclear sites
in June.
[
500
]
His
plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal
between Israel and
Hamas
was signed in October 2025, leading to the creation of the
Board of Peace
.
[
501
]
In February 2026, Trump authorized
joint U.S./Israeli air strikes on Iran
[
502
]
and sent aircraft carriers and other combat ships to the Middle East. Israeli aerial bombs killed Iranian supreme leader
Ali Khamenei
and other Iranian leaders; Iran retaliated with rocket attacks on neighboring countries.
[
503
]
Trump's economic policies have been described as
protectionist
,
[
504
]
with him imposing tariffs on most countries, including large tariffs on major trading partners China, Canada, and Mexico.
[
505
]
He started a global trade war, imposing tariffs at the highest level since the 1930
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
at the onset of the
Great Depression
.
[
506
]
[
507
]
In February 2026, the Supreme Court ruled the tariffs he imposed under the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act
to be illegal.
[
508
]
Trump frequently threatened and enacted tariffs against treaty allies for opposing his political objectives.
[
509
]
[
510
]
In Latin America, Trump pursued legally controversial military strikes against
alleged drug boats
in international waters,
[
511
]
and ordered
a large military buildup
.
[
512
]
In November 2025, Trump pardoned former Honduran president
Juan Orlando Hernández
, who had been extradited to the U.S. in 2022 and sentenced to 45 years in prison for drug trafficking. In January 2026, the U.S. captured Venezuelan president
Nicolás Maduro
in
a military raid in Venezuela
and took him to New York, where he was charged with drug trafficking.
[
513
]
In 2025, Trump
threatened the annexation of Greenland
, including by military force or the imposition of tariffs on European allies. In January 2026, he appeared to withdraw both threats, stating that he had reached "the framework of a future deal" with NATO.
[
514
]
Personnel (2025–present)
In his second term, Trump selected
cabinet
members with personal loyalty to him,
[
515
]
[
516
]
with the "focus on loyalty over subject-matter expertise".
[
516
]
In February 2025, the White House stated that
Elon Musk
was a
special government employee
.
[
517
]
Trump gave Musk's
Department of Government Efficiency
(DOGE) access to many federal government agencies.
[
517
]
Musk's teams operated in eighteen departments and agencies in the administration's first month,
[
518
]
including in the Treasury Department's $5 trillion payment system,
[
519
]
the
Small Business Administration
, the
Office of Personnel Management
, and the
General Services Administration
.
[
520
]
Political practice and rhetoric
Starting with his advocacy of
birther
conspiracy theories in the 2010s, Trump helped bring once-fringe far-right ideas and organizations into the mainstream.
[
521
]
The
alt-right
movement coalesced around and supported his candidacy due in part to
opposition to multiculturalism
and
immigration
.
[
522
]
[
523
]
[
524
]
During his 2016 campaign, Trump's politics and rhetoric led to the formation of a
political movement
known as
Trumpism
,
[
525
]
which has been
compared to a cult of personality
.
[
526
]
His political positions have been described as
populist
[
527
]
[
528
]
or
right-wing populist
,
[
529
]
[
530
]
and favoring an expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the
unitary executive theory
.
[
531
]
[
532
]
Many of his actions and rhetoric have been described as
authoritarian
and contributing to
democratic backsliding
,
[
533
]
[
534
]
[
535
]
as well as establishing an
"us versus them" narrative
.
[
536
]
Trump's rhetoric has been described as using
fearmongering
and
demagogy
which
intensified during his 2024 presidential campaign
.
[
537
]
He appeals to
evangelical Christians
and
Christian nationalists
,
[
538
]
[
539
]
and regularly vilifies his political opponents as "evil".
[
540
]
Racial and gender views
Many of Trump's comments and actions have been characterized as racist.
[
541
]
Several studies and surveys found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascent and were more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.
[
542
]
He explicitly and routinely disparages racial, religious, and ethnic minorities,
[
543
]
and scholars consistently find that racist and
Islamophobic
attitudes regarding blacks, immigrants, and Muslims are strong indicators of support for Trump.
[
544
]
[
545
]
Trump has been accused of racism
[
546
]
for running full-page newspaper advertisements and insisting that a group of five black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989
Central Park jogger case
, even after they were cleared of suspicion in 2002.
[
547
]
Trump's comments on the 2017
Unite the Right rally
, condemning "this egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides" and stating that there were "very fine people on both sides", were criticized as implying a
moral equivalence
between the
white supremacist
demonstrators and the counter-protesters.
[
548
]
In a January 2018 discussion of immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries",
[
549
]
remarks condemned as racist.
[
550
]
In July 2019, a House of Representatives
resolution condemned Trump for racist remarks
about four minority Democratic congresswomen.
[
551
]
His 2024 campaign made extensive use of
dehumanizing language
and
racial stereotypes
.
[
552
]
With a group of officials and advisors walking from the White House to St. John's Church, following the
forced removal of protesters at Lafayette Square
In June 2020, during the
George Floyd protests
, federal law-enforcement officials used tear gas and other crowd control tactics to remove a largely peaceful crowd of lawful protesters from
Lafayette Square
, outside the
White House
.
[
553
]
[
554
]
Trump then
posed with a Bible for a photo op
at the nearby
St. John's Episcopal Church
,
[
553
]
[
555
]
[
556
]
with religious leaders condemning both the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.
[
557
]
Trump has a history of belittling women when speaking to the media and on social media.
[
558
]
[
559
]
He made lewd comments, disparaged women's physical appearances, and referred to them using derogatory epithets.
[
559
]
In October 2016, a 2005 "
hot mic
" recording surfaced in which
he bragged
about kissing and groping women without their consent, saying that, "when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. ... Grab 'em by the
pussy
."
[
560
]
He characterized the comments as "locker-room talk".
[
561
]
[
562
]
The incident's widespread media exposure led to his first public apology, videotaped during his 2016 presidential campaign.
[
563
]
As of 2020, 26 women have publicly
accused him of sexual misconduct
, including rape, kissing without consent, groping, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked teenage pageant contestants. He has denied the allegations.
[
564
]
Link to violence and hate crimes
Trump has been identified as a key figure in increasing political violence in the U.S., both for and against him.
[
565
]
[
566
]
[
567
]
He is described as embracing extremism,
conspiracy theories
such as
QAnon
, and far-right
militia movements
to a greater extent than any other modern American president.
[
568
]
[
569
]
Research suggests that Trump's rhetoric is associated with an increased incidence of hate crimes,
[
570
]
[
571
]
and that he has an emboldening effect on expressing prejudicial attitudes due to his normalization of explicit racial rhetoric.
[
572
]
Researchers have also argued that Trump's "negative characterisations of, and false claims made about, those who became the targets" of the mob at the January 6 riot was a case of
stochastic terrorism
.
[
573
]
[
574
]
Numerous defendants investigated or prosecuted for violent acts and hate crimes cited his rhetoric in arguing that they were not culpable or should receive leniency.
[
575
]
[
576
]
A nationwide review by
ABC News
in May 2020 identified at least 54 criminal cases, from August 2015 to April 2020, in which he was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence mostly by white men and primarily against minorities.
[
577
]
Trump's refusal to condemn the white supremacist
Proud Boys
during a 2020 presidential debate
[
578
]
and his comment, "Proud Boys, stand back and stand by", were said to have led to increased recruitment for the pro-Trump group.
[
579
]
Counterterrorism researchers described his normalization and
revisionist history
of the January 6 Capitol attack, and
grant of clemency to all January 6 rioters
, as encouraging future political violence.
[
580
]
[
581
]
False or misleading statements and conspiracy theories
Fact-checkers
from
The Washington Post
,
[
582
]
the
Toronto Star
,
[
583
]
and CNN
[
584
]
compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background) and "false claims" (violet foreground).
Trump frequently makes false statements in public remarks,
[
585
]
[
125
]
to an extent that was unprecedented in American politics.
[
585
]
[
586
]
[
587
]
His false and misleading statements were documented by
fact-checkers
, including at
The Washington Post
, which tallied 30,573 false or misleading statements made by him during his first presidency,
[
582
]
increasing in frequency over time.
[
588
]
His falsehoods are a distinctive part of his political identity
[
586
]
and have been described as
firehosing
.
[
589
]
During the first 100 days of his second term, Trump relied on false, misleading, and exaggerated claims to justify his executive actions and policies.
[
590
]
Throughout the first year of the term, he continued to make untrue statements as frequently as before but with less variety while increasing the frequency of repeating a "core set" of falsehoods.
[
591
]
Some of Trump's falsehoods were inconsequential,
[
592
]
[
593
]
while others had more far-reaching effects, such as his unproven promotion of antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID-19,
[
594
]
[
595
]
contributing to a U.S. shortage of these drugs and
panic buying
in Africa and South Asia.
[
596
]
[
597
]
His attacks on mail-in ballots and other election practices weakened public faith in the integrity of the 2020 presidential election,
[
598
]
[
599
]
while his disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic delayed and weakened the national response to it.
[
600
]
[
601
]
[
602
]
He habitually does not apologize for his falsehoods.
[
603
]
Until 2018, the media rarely referred to his falsehoods as lies, including when he repeated demonstrably false statements.
[
604
]
[
605
]
[
606
]
Since before his first presidency, Trump has
promoted numerous conspiracy theories
. In 2011, Trump became the leading proponent of the racist
"birther" conspiracy theory
that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States,
[
607
]
and he claimed credit for pressuring the government to publish Obama's birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent.
[
608
]
In September 2016, he publicly acknowledged
Barack Obama
's birthplace and falsely claimed that the rumors had been started by
Hillary Clinton
during her
2008 presidential campaign
.
[
609
]
Trump often prefaced his conspiracies by claiming he heard them from someone else,
[
610
]
and promoted conspiracies such as
climate change denial
,
alleged Ukrainian interference in U.S. elections
, and
vaccines and autism
.
[
610
]
[
611
]
[
612
]
After the 2020 presidential election, he promoted conspiracy theories for his defeat that were characterized as "
the big lie
".
[
613
]
[
614
]
Relationship with news media
In the 2016 campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage,
[
615
]
estimated at $2 billion.
[
616
]
As a candidate and as president, he frequently accused the press of bias, calling it the "fake news media" and "the
enemy of the people
".
[
617
]
The first Trump presidency reduced formal press briefings from about one hundred in 2017 to two by 2019 and revoked the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.
[
618
]
By 2024, Trump repeatedly voiced support for
outlawing political dissent
and criticism,
[
619
]
and said that reporters should be prosecuted for not divulging confidential sources and media companies should possibly lose their broadcast licenses for unfavorable coverage of him.
[
620
]
In his second term, Trump's actions against the media were unprecedented in modern American history,
[
621
]
and historians described them as mirroring actions by authoritarian leaders to censor political opponents and negatively impacting the
freedom of speech
and
free press
.
[
622
]
[
623
]
The campaign to police speech drew comparisons to
cancel culture
, government
censorship
, and
McCarthyism
.
[
624
]
[
625
]
[
626
]
The
Federal Communications Commission
launched investigations into media outlets accused of bias against him.
[
627
]
As a result of Trump's threats, media executives instructed journalists and their staff to
self-censor
and reduce criticism of Trump.
[
628
]
Many have characterized Trump as causing a significant decline in
freedom of the press
, including journalist advocacy groups
[
629
]
[
630
]
[
631
]
[
632
]
and academic sources.
[
633
]
[
634
]
[
635
]
During Trump's first term, he often used Twitter to communicate directly with the public and sideline the press.
[
636
]
After years of criticism for allowing Trump to post misinformation and falsehoods, Twitter began to tag some of his tweets with fact-checks in May 2020.
[
637
]
Twitter banned him after the January 6 attack.
[
638
]
He was banned from
Facebook
,
Instagram
, Twitter, and other platforms after the January 6 attack.
[
639
]
The loss of his social media presence diminished his ability to shape events
[
640
]
[
641
]
and correlated with a dramatic decrease in the volume of misinformation on Twitter.
[
642
]
In February 2022, he launched social media platform
Truth Social
where he attracted a fraction of his Twitter following.
[
643
]
Twitter reinstated his account in November 2022.
[
644
]
[
645
]
The two-year ban at
Meta Platforms
lapsed in January 2023, allowing him to return to Facebook and Instagram.
[
646
]
Assessments
Public image
In Trump's first term, from 2017 to 2021, international approval ratings of U.S. leadership dropped from about 22 percent in a
Gallup
poll
[
647
]
of 134 countries to 16 percent—lower than China's
Xi Jinping
and Russia's
Vladimir Putin
—in a
Pew Research
poll
[
648
]
of 13 countries. In 2017, estimation of U.S. leadership declined most among allies.
[
649
]
Domestically, Trump had chiefly partisan support: 88 percent among Republicans and 7 percent among Democrats.
[
650
]
In a 2021 Gallup poll, he was the only president never to reach a 50 percent approval rating, and he was the first not to be named most admired in his first year in office.
[
651
]
Scholarly rankings
After Trump's first term,
historians ranked Trump
as the fourth-worst president in
C-SPAN
's 2021 survey of presidential historians.
[
652
]
He rated lowest in the leadership characteristics categories for moral authority and administrative skills.
[
653
]
[
654
]
The
Siena College Research Institute
's 2022 survey
ranked him
third-worst. He was ranked near the bottom in all categories except for luck, willingness to take risks, and party leadership, and ranked last in several categories.
[
655
]
In 2018 and 2024, the
American Political Science Association
ranked him the worst president.
[
656
]
[
657
]
Personal life
Family
Trump (rightmost) and his wife Ivana at a 1985 state dinner for King
Fahd of Saudi Arabia
with President
Ronald Reagan
and First Lady
Nancy Reagan
In 1977, Trump married
Ivana Zelníčková
.
[
658
]
They had three children:
Donald Jr.
(b. 1977),
Ivanka
(b. 1981), and
Eric
(b. 1984). Ivana played a crucial role in generating the "fawning press coverage" that shaped Trump's public image as a real estate mogul.
[
659
]
The couple divorced in 1990, following his affair with model and actress
Marla Maples
.
[
660
]
He and Maples married in 1993 and divorced in 1999. They have one daughter,
Tiffany
(b. 1993), whom Maples raised in California.
[
661
]
In 2005, he married Slovenian model
Melania Knauss
.
[
662
]
They have one son,
Barron
(b. 2006).
[
663
]
Wealth
Trump's net worth over time, as estimated by
Forbes
[
664
]
[
665
]
Trump has said he began his career with "a small loan of a million dollars" from his father and that he had to pay it back with interest.
[
666
]
He borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely did not repay the loans, and received another $413 million (2018 equivalent, adjusted for inflation) from his father's company.
[
667
]
[
36
]
Posing as a Trump Organization official named "
John Barron
", Trump called journalist Jonathan Greenberg in 1984, trying to get a higher ranking on the
Forbes
400
list of wealthiest Americans.
[
668
]
Trump self-reported his net worth over a wide range, from minus $900 million in 1990,
[
669
]
to $10 billion in 2015.
[
670
]
After his business bankruptcies in the 1990s, his lenders forgave more than 80% of his personal debt and allowed him to keep some of his real estate.
[
669
]
In 2015,
Forbes
estimated his net worth at $4.5 billion, based on interviews with more than 80 sources.
[
671
]
In 2026, the magazine set that number at $6.5 billion and ranked him the 645th wealthiest person in the world.
[
672
]
Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein
Trump had a 15-year friendship with convicted sex offender
Jeffrey Epstein
. Persons who knew them at the time said they frequently "hit on" and competed for women.
[
673
]
Media attention and public pressure mounted in 2025, when his administration did not release
files relating to Epstein
, despite Trump's promise to do so during the 2024 campaign.
[
674
]
Some of the files were released in December 2025, mostly heavily redacted.
[
675
]
Roughly three million additional pages released in 2026 included approximately 38,000 references to Trump, his wife, Mar-a-Lago, and other Trump-related terms. References to Trump included "salacious information" and uncorroborated statements about him from witnesses in transcripts made over several decades.
[
676
]
Health
Trump says he has never drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs,
[
677
]
[
678
]
and that he sleeps about four or five hours a night.
[
679
]
[
680
]
He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", but usually does not walk the course.
[
681
]
He considers exercise a waste of energy, believing the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.
[
682
]
[
683
]
In 2015, his campaign released a letter from his longtime personal physician,
Harold Bornstein
, stating that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".
[
684
]
In 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter and that three of Trump's agents had seized his medical records in a February 2017 raid on Bornstein's office.
[
684
]
[
685
]
Religion
Trump called himself a
Presbyterian
and a
Protestant
in 2016.
[
686
]
[
687
]
In 2020, he said he was a
nondenominational Christian
.
[
688
]
However, many have questioned the depth of these religious affiliations. A survey during his first presidency (2017–2021) showed that 63 percent of Americans did not believe that he was religious, despite professing a Christian affiliation, and that only 44 percent believed he was a Christian.
[
689
]
Some of Trump's comments on the Bible or Christian practice have led critical observers to suggest that his knowledge of Christianity is superficial or erroneous, and few biographers have described him as deeply or even particularly religious.
[
690
]
[
691
]
In his first term, Trump appointed his personal pastor
[
692
]
and spiritual advisor,
[
693
]
televangelist
Paula White-Cain
, to the White House
Office of Public Liaison
.
[
694
]
During his second term, he appointed her as senior advisor of the newly created
White House Faith Office
.
[
695
]
[
696
]
See also
List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump
Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump
Notes
^
Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided by the
Electoral College
. Each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in
Congress
and (in most states) all electors vote for the winner of their state's popular vote.
^
A Republican president combined with Republican control of both chambers of Congress
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Further reading
Books credited to Trump
Books about Trump
External links
Archive of Donald Trump's tweets
(Enter 2021-01-09 into the
End Date
field to view tweets from before the suspension.) |
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump)
- [1 Early life and education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Early_life_and_education)
- [2 Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Business_career)
Toggle Business career subsection
- [2\.1 Real estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Real_estate)
- [2\.1.1 Manhattan and Chicago developments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Manhattan_and_Chicago_developments)
- [2\.1.2 Atlantic City casinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Atlantic_City_casinos)
- [2\.1.3 Golf clubs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Golf_clubs)
- [2\.2 Licensing the Trump name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Licensing_the_Trump_name)
- [2\.3 Side ventures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Side_ventures)
- [2\.3.1 Trump University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Trump_University)
- [2\.4 Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Foundation)
- [2\.5 Legal affairs and bankruptcies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Legal_affairs_and_bankruptcies)
- [3 Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Media_career)
- [4 Early political aspirations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Early_political_aspirations)
- [5 2016 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#2016_presidential_election)
- [6 First presidency (2017–2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#First_presidency_\(2017%E2%80%932021\))
Toggle First presidency (2017–2021) subsection
- [6\.1 Conflicts of interest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Conflicts_of_interest)
- [6\.2 Domestic policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Domestic_policy)
- [6\.3 Pardons and commutations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Pardons_and_commutations)
- [6\.4 Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Immigration)
- [6\.5 Foreign policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Foreign_policy)
- [6\.6 Personnel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Personnel)
- [6\.7 Judiciary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Judiciary)
- [6\.8 COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#COVID-19_pandemic)
- [6\.9 Investigations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Investigations)
- [6\.10 Impeachments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Impeachments)
- [6\.11 2020 presidential election and rejection of outcome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#2020_presidential_election_and_rejection_of_outcome)
- [6\.12 January 6 attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#January_6_attack)
- [7 Between presidencies (2021–2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Between_presidencies_\(2021%E2%80%932025\))
Toggle Between presidencies (2021–2025) subsection
- [7\.1 Legal issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Legal_issues)
- [7\.2 2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#2024_presidential_election)
- [8 Second presidency (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Second_presidency_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
Toggle Second presidency (2025–present) subsection
- [8\.1 Early actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Early_actions)
- [8\.2 Conflicts of interest (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Conflicts_of_interest_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [8\.3 Mass terminations of federal employees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Mass_terminations_of_federal_employees)
- [8\.4 Targeting political opponents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Targeting_political_opponents)
- [8\.5 Pardons and commutations (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Pardons_and_commutations_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [8\.6 Domestic policy (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Domestic_policy_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [8\.6.1 Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Science)
- [8\.6.2 National emergencies/health policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#National_emergencies/health_policy)
- [8\.6.3 Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Social)
- [8\.6.4 One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act)
- [8\.7 Immigration (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Immigration_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [8\.8 Foreign policy (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Foreign_policy_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [8\.9 Personnel (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Personnel_\(2025%E2%80%93present\))
- [9 Political practice and rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Political_practice_and_rhetoric)
Toggle Political practice and rhetoric subsection
- [9\.1 Racial and gender views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Racial_and_gender_views)
- [9\.2 Link to violence and hate crimes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Link_to_violence_and_hate_crimes)
- [9\.3 False or misleading statements and conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#False_or_misleading_statements_and_conspiracy_theories)
- [9\.4 Relationship with news media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Relationship_with_news_media)
- [9\.5 Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Social_media)
- [10 Assessments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Assessments)
Toggle Assessments subsection
- [10\.1 Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Public_image)
- [10\.2 Scholarly rankings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Scholarly_rankings)
- [11 Personal life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Personal_life)
Toggle Personal life subsection
- [11\.1 Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Family)
- [11\.2 Wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Wealth)
- [11\.3 Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Relationship_with_Jeffrey_Epstein)
- [11\.4 Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Health)
- [11\.5 Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Religion)
- [12 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#See_also)
- [13 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Notes)
- [14 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#References)
- [15 Works cited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Works_cited)
Toggle Works cited subsection
- [15\.1 Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Books)
- [15\.2 Journals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Journals)
- [16 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Further_reading)
- [17 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# Donald Trump
258 languages
- [Аԥсшәа](https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD "Трамп, Дональд Џьон – Abkhazian")
- [Acèh](https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Acehnese")
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Afrikaans")
- [Alemannisch](https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Alemannic")
- [አማርኛ](https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%93%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8C%86%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%95 "ዶናልድ ጆን ትራምፕ – Amharic")
- [Pangcah](https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump "Donald John Trump – Amis")
- [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Aragonese")
- [Ænglisc](https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufenal_Trump "Dufenal Trump – Old English")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8 "دونالد ترمب – Arabic")
- [الدارجة](https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد طرامپ – Moroccan Arabic")
- [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد ترامپ – Egyptian Arabic")
- [অসমীয়া](https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%27%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA "ড'নাল্ড ট্ৰাম্প – Assamese")
- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Asturian")
- [Atikamekw](https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Atikamekw")
- [Авар](https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Avaric")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Azerbaijani")
- [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد ترامپ – South Azerbaijani")
- [Башҡортса](https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Bashkir")
- [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Balinese")
- [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Bavarian")
- [Žemaitėška](https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duonalds_Tramps "Duonalds Tramps – Samogitian")
- [Batak Toba](https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Batak Toba")
- [Bikol Central](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Central Bikol")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Belarusian")
- [Betawi](https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Betawi")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Тръмп – Bulgarian")
- [भोजपुरी](https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA "डोनाल्ड ट्रंप – Bhojpuri")
- [Bislama](https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Bislama")
- [Banjar](https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Banjar")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA "ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প – Bangla")
- [བོད་ཡིག](https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D "ཐེ་རོན་ཕུ། – Tibetan")
- [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Breton")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Bosnian")
- [Basa Ugi](https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%87%E1%A8%9B "ᨉᨚᨊᨈᨘᨑᨇᨛ – Buginese")
- [Буряад](https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Russia Buriat")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Catalan")
- [閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Mindong")
- [Нохчийн](https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Chechen")
- [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Cebuano")
- [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دۆناڵد ترامپ – Central Kurdish")
- [Corsu](https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Corsican")
- [Qırımtatarca](https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Crimean Tatar")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Czech")
- [Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ](https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8A "Доналдъ Трампъ – Church Slavic")
- [Чӑвашла](https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Chuvash")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Danish")
- [Dagbanli](https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Dagbani")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – German")
- [Dagaare](https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Southern Dagaare")
- [Thuɔŋjäŋ](https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Dinka")
- [Zazaki](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Dimli")
- [Dolnoserbski](https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Lower Sorbian")
- [डोटेली](https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA "डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Doteli")
- [ދިވެހިބަސް](https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%B0_%DE%93%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%B0 "ޑޮނަލްޑް ޓްރަމްޕް – Divehi")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80 "Ντόναλντ Τραμπ – Greek")
- [Emiliàn e rumagnòl](https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Emiliano-Romagnolo")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Estonian")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Basque")
- [Estremeñu](https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Extremaduran")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد ترامپ – Persian")
- [Fulfulde](https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Fula")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Finnish")
- [Võro](https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumbi_Donald "Trumbi Donald – Võro")
- [Føroyskt](https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Faroese")
- [Fɔ̀ngbè](https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Fon")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – French")
- [Arpetan](https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Arpitan")
- [Nordfriisk](https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Northern Frisian")
- [Furlan](https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Friulian")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Western Frisian")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Irish")
- [Gagauz](https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Gagauz")
- [Gàidhlig](https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Scottish Gaelic")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Galician")
- [Avañe'ẽ](https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Guarani")
- [गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni](https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Goan Konkani")
- [Bahasa Hulontalo](https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Gorontalo")
- [𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺](https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B3_%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%80 "𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍀 – Gothic")
- [ગુજરાતી](https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AA "ડોનાલ્ડ ટ્રંપ – Gujarati")
- [Gaelg](https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Manx")
- [Hausa](https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Hausa")
- [客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî](https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Hakka Chinese")
- [Hawaiʻi](https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Hawaiian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4 "דונלד טראמפ – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA "डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Hindi")
- [Fiji Hindi](https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Fiji Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Croatian")
- [Hornjoserbsce](https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Upper Sorbian")
- [Kreyòl ayisyen](https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Haitian Creole")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83 "Դոնալդ Թրամփ – Armenian")
- [Արեւմտահայերէն](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8%D5%AC%D5%BF_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83 "Տանըլտ Թրամփ – Western Armenian")
- [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Interlingua")
- [Jaku Iban](https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Iban")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Indonesian")
- [Interlingue](https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Interlingue")
- [Igbo](https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Igbo")
- [Iñupiatun](https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Inupiaq")
- [Ilokano](https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Iloko")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Ido")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97 "ドナルド・トランプ – Japanese")
- [La .lojban.](https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/danyld.trymp "danyld.trymp – Lojban")
- [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Javanese")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98 "დონალდ ტრამპი – Georgian")
- [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Kara-Kalpak")
- [Taqbaylit](https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Kabyle")
- [Jju](https://kaj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Jju")
- [Адыгэбзэ](https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Данылд Трамп – Kabardian")
- [Kabɩyɛ](https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Kabiye")
- [Tyap](https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tyap")
- [Kumoring](https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Komering")
- [Gĩkũyũ](https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Kikuyu")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Kazakh")
- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B_%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86 "ដូណាល់ ត្រាំ – Khmer")
- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D "ಡೊನಾಲ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರಂಪ್ – Kannada")
- [Yerwa Kanuri](https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Central Kanuri")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84 "도널드 트럼프 – Korean")
- [Къарачай-малкъар](https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Karachay-Balkar")
- [کٲشُر](https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE "ڈونلڈ جان ٹرمپ – Kashmiri")
- [Ripoarisch](https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Colognian")
- [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Kurdish")
- [Коми](https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Komi")
- [Kernowek](https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Cornish")
- [Кыргызча](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Kyrgyz")
- [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldus_Trumpius "Donaldus Trumpius – Latin")
- [Ladino](https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Ladino")
- [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Luxembourgish")
- [Lingua Franca Nova](https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Lingua Franca Nova")
- [Luganda](https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Ganda")
- [Limburgs](https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Limburgish")
- [Ligure](https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Ligurian")
- [Lombard](https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Lombard")
- [ລາວ](https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A5_%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B3 "ໂດນັລ ທຣຳ – Lao")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donalds_Tramps "Donalds Tramps – Latvian")
- [Madhurâ](https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%8Conald_Trump "Ḍonald Trump – Madurese")
- [मैथिली](https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA "डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Maithili")
- [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Malagasy")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Macedonian")
- [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D "ഡോണൾഡ് ട്രംപ് – Malayalam")
- [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Mongolian")
- [ဘာသာမန်](https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA "ဒဝ်နလ်ဒ် တြုမ်ပ် – Mon")
- [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA "डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Marathi")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Malay")
- [Malti](https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Maltese")
- [Mirandés](https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Mirandese")
- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA "ဒေါ်နယ်လ် ထရမ့် – Burmese")
- [Эрзянь](https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Erzya")
- [مازِرونی](https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد ترامپ – Mazanderani")
- [Napulitano](https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Neapolitan")
- [Nedersaksies](https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Low Saxon")
- [Plattdüütsch](https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Low German")
- [नेपाली](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA "डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Nepali")
- [Li Niha](https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Nias")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Dutch")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Sesotho sa Leboa](https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Northern Sotho")
- [Diné bizaad](https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastiin_al%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85j%C4%AF%CA%BC_dahsid%C3%A1h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_Donald_Trump "Hastiin alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí Donald Trump – Navajo")
- [Chi-Chewa](https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Nyanja")
- [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Occitan")
- [Oromoo](https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doonaaldi_Tiraampi "Doonaaldi Tiraampi – Oromo")
- [ଓଡ଼ିଆ](https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA "ଡୋନାଲ୍ଡ ଟ୍ରମ୍ପ – Odia")
- [Ирон](https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Ossetic")
- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA "ਡੌਨਲਡ ਟਰੰਪ – Punjabi")
- [Pangasinan](https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Pangasinan")
- [Papiamentu](https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Papiamento")
- [Deitsch](https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Pennsylvania German")
- [Pälzisch](https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Palatine German")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Polish")
- [Piemontèis](https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Piedmontese")
- [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE "ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Western Punjabi")
- [پښتو](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89_%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "ډونالډ ټرامپ – Pashto")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Portuguese")
- [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Quechua")
- [Rumantsch](https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Romansh")
- [Romani čhib](https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Vlax Romani")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Romanian")
- [Tarandíne](https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tarantino")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Russian")
- [Русиньскый](https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Rusyn")
- [Ikinyarwanda](https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Kinyarwanda")
- [संस्कृतम्](https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D "डोनाल्ड् ट्रम्प् – Sanskrit")
- [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Джон Трамп – Yakut")
- [ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ](https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AF "ᱰᱚᱱᱟᱞᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱹᱢᱯ – Santali")
- [Sardu](https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Sardinian")
- [Sicilianu](https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Sicilian")
- [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Scots")
- [سنڌي](https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%8A_%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE "ڊونلڊ ٽرمپ – Sindhi")
- [Davvisámegiella](https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Northern Sami")
- [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Serbo-Croatian")
- [Taclḥit](https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%8Cunal%E1%B8%8D_T%E1%B9%9Bamb "Ḍunalḍ Tṛamb – Tachelhit")
- [တႆး](https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%84%E1%82%87_%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89 "တေႃႇၼႄႇ ထရမ်ႉ – Shan")
- [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A "ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්රම්ප් – Sinhala")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Slovak")
- [سرائیکی](https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE "ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Saraiki")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Slovenian")
- [Gagana Samoa](https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Samoan")
- [Anarâškielâ](https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Inari Sami")
- [ChiShona](https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Shona")
- [Soomaaliga](https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Somali")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Albanian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Serbian")
- [Sranantongo](https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Sranan Tongo")
- [SiSwati](https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Swati")
- [Sesotho](https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Southern Sotho")
- [Sunda](https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Sundanese")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Swedish")
- [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Swahili")
- [ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ](https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%92%EA%A0%98%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%92_%EA%A0%90%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%99 "ꠒꠘꠣꠟ꠆ꠒ ꠐꠣꠝ꠆ꠙ – Sylheti")
- [Ślůnski](https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Silesian")
- [Sakizaya](https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump "Donald John Trump – Sakizaya")
- [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D "டோனால்ட் டிரம்ப் – Tamil")
- [Tayal](https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump "Donald John Trump – Atayal")
- [తెలుగు](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D "డోనాల్డ్ ట్రంప్ – Telugu")
- [Tetun](https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tetum")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Доналд Трамп – Tajik")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C "ดอนัลด์ ทรัมป์ – Thai")
- [Türkmençe](https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Turkmen")
- [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tagalog")
- [Tolışi](https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Talysh")
- [Toki pona](https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_Tana_Tan "jan Tana Tan – Toki Pona")
- [Tok Pisin](https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tok Pisin")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Turkish")
- [Seediq](https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump "Donald John Trump – Taroko")
- [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp "Donald Tramp – Tatar")
- [Reo tahiti](https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Tahitian")
- [Тыва дыл](https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Tuvinian")
- [Удмурт](https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4 "Трамп, Дональд – Udmurt")
- [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "دونالد ترامپ – Uyghur")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF "Дональд Трамп – Ukrainian")
- [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE "ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Urdu")
- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Uzbek")
- [Vèneto](https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Venetian")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Vietnamese")
- [West-Vlams](https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – West Flemish")
- [Volapük](https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Volapük")
- [Walon](https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Walloon")
- [Winaray](https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Waray")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE "唐納德·川普 – Wu")
- [IsiXhosa](https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Xhosa")
- [მარგალური](https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98 "დონალდ ტრამპი – Mingrelian")
- [ייִדיש](https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4 "דאנאלד טראמפ – Yiddish")
- [Yorùbá](https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Yoruba")
- [Vahcuengh](https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Zhuang")
- [Zeêuws](https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Zeelandic")
- [ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ](https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1 "ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⵜⵕⴰⵎⴱ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight")
- [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Minnan")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E4%BE%B5 "當勞侵 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE "唐納·川普 – Chinese")
- [IsiZulu](https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump – Zulu")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
"DJT" and "Trump" redirect here. For other uses, see [Donald Trump (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Donald Trump (disambiguation)"), [DJT (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJT_\(disambiguation\) "DJT (disambiguation)"), and [Trump (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Trump (disambiguation)").
| Donald Trump | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\).jpg)[Official portrait, 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump#2025_presidential_portrait "Official portraits of Donald Trump") | |
| 45th & 47th [President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
| **[Incumbent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent "Incumbent")** | |
| **Assumed office** January 20, 2025 | |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") |
| Preceded by | [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") |
| **In office** January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 | |
| Vice President | [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") |
| Preceded by | [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") |
| Succeeded by | Joe Biden |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Donald John Trump (1946-06-14) June 14, 1946 (age 79) [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), New York City, U.S. |
| [Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party "Political party") | [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") (1969–1978, 1987–1999, 2009–2011, since 2012) |
| Other political affiliations | [Reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America "Reform Party of the United States of America") (1999–2001) [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") (2001–2009) [Independent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician "Independent politician") (2011–2012) |
| Spouses | [Ivana Zelníčková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1 "Ivana Zelníčková") ( m. 1977; div. 1990) [Marla Maples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples "Marla Maples") ( m. 1993; div. 1999) [Melania Knauss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Knauss "Melania Knauss") ( m. 2005) |
| Children | [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Jr. "Donald Jr.") [Ivanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Tiffany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") [Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") |
| Parents | [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") [Mary Anne MacLeod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod "Mary Anne MacLeod") |
| Relatives | [Trump family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") |
| Education | [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania") ([BS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science "Bachelor of Science")) |
| Occupation | [Politician](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [businessman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [media personality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") |
| Signature | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trumpsignature2025.svg "Donald Trump's signature") |
| Website | [White House website](https://whitehouse.gov/) First presidency: [Presidential library](https://trumplibrary.gov/) [White House archives](https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/) |
| [Trump's voice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_on_the_WHO%27s_Declaration_of_COVID-19_as_a_Global_Pandemic.wav "File:President Trump on the WHO's Declaration of COVID-19 as a Global Pandemic.wav") Trump on the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization")'s declaration of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") as a global pandemic Recorded March 11, 2020 | |
| | |
|---|---|
| | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\)_\(3x4_close_cropped\).jpg) | This article is part of a series about[Donald Trump]() |
| Life and business [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") [bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump "Family of Donald Trump") [Age and health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") [Eponyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Indictments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Handshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes") [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") [Views and ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") ["Make America Great Again"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") [Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_movement "MAGA movement") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Nicknames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of endorsements by Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") ["Trump always chickens out"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") ["Trump derangement syndrome"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") 45th and 47th President of the United States Presidencies [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") Transitions [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") Inaugurations [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") Tenure First 100 days [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_executive_orders_\(disambiguation\) "Trump executive orders (disambiguation)") [proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Opinion polling on the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [TikTok controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy "Donald Trump–TikTok controversy") [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") Domestic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") Economic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") tariffs [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") Environment [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the second Trump administration") Foreign [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") Immigration [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") Social [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Social policy of the second Trump administration") cannabis [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") Space [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Political appointments of the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [First Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump") [Second Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Executive Office appointments by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [U.S. Attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Presidential campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* tape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") [Spygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spygate_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Spygate (conspiracy theory)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [GOP reactions to election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Trump–Raffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "Trump–Raffensperger phone call") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") assassination attempts [PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks") [photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Routh "Ryan Routh") Impeachments [Efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [First impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [Trump–Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "Trump–Ukraine scandal") [House inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") Prosecutions [2020 election federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Classified documents federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Plasmic Echo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)")* [New York indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [Karen McDougal affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump "Karen McDougal") [financial fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Georgia election indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Georgia election investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation "2020 Georgia election investigation") [mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies "Trump administration political interference with science agencies")  | |
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**Donald John Trump** (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States"). A member of the [Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)"), he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.
Born into a wealthy New York City family, Trump graduated from the [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania") in 1968 with a [bachelor's degree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree "Bachelor's degree") in economics. He became the president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it [the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), and began acquiring and building skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He launched side ventures, many licensing the Trump name, and filed for six business bankruptcies in the 1990s and 2000s. From 2004 to 2015, he hosted the reality television show *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)")*, bolstering his fame as a billionaire. Presenting himself as a political outsider, Trump won the [2016 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") against [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") nominee [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").
During [his first presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"), Trump imposed [a travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13769 "Executive Order 13769") on seven [Muslim-majority countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country#Countries "Islam by country"), expanded the [Mexico–United States border wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall"), and enforced [a family separation policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") on the border. He rolled back environmental and business regulations, signed the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"), and appointed three Supreme Court justices. He withdrew the U.S. from agreements on climate, trade, and Iran's nuclear program, and started [a trade war with China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war"). In response to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") in 2020, he downplayed its severity, contradicted health officials, and signed the [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act"). After losing the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") to [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), Trump [attempted to overturn the result](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), culminating in the [January 6 Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") in 2021. He was impeached twice—[in 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress and [in 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for incitement of insurrection—and acquitted by the Senate both times.
In 2023, Trump was found liable in civil cases [for sexual abuse and defamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump") and [for business fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization"). In May 2024, he was found guilty on 34 counts [of falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York"), making him the first U.S. president convicted of a felony. After winning the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") against Vice President [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), he was given a no-penalty sentence, and two [federal felony indictments against him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") for [retention of classified documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") and [obstruction of the 2020 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") were dismissed without prejudice.
Trump began [his second presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") by initiating [mass layoffs of federal workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs"). He [imposed tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") on nearly all countries at the highest level since the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression") and signed the [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act"). His administration's actions—including [its targeting of political opponents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration") and civil society, [persecution of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration"), mass [deportation of immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), and extensive use of executive orders—have drawn over 550 [lawsuits challenging their legality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency"). In Latin America, he pursued a legally contested campaign to [attack alleged drug traffickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear"), and ordered [a military raid into Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") in which President [Nicolas Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Maduro "Nicolas Maduro") was captured and deposed. In February 2026, Trump authorized joint U.S.–Israeli strikes on Iran that resulted in the [2026 Iran war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war").
Since 2015, Trump's leadership style and political agenda—often referred to as [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism")—have reshaped the Republican Party's identity. Many of his comments and actions have been [characterized as racist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") or misogynistic. He has [made many false or misleading statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics, and [promotes conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump"). Trump's actions have been described by researchers as authoritarian and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"). After his first term, scholars and historians [ranked him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Scholarly_rankings) as one of the worst presidents in American history.
## Early life and education
Main article: [Early life and education of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_education_of_Donald_Trump "Early life and education of Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg)
1964 yearbook photo
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at [Jamaica Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Hospital "Jamaica Hospital") in the New York City borough of [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), the fourth child of [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") and [Mary Anne MacLeod Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump "Mary Anne MacLeod Trump").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201730,_37-1) He is of German and Scottish descent.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017v-2) He grew up with his older siblings, [Maryanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry "Maryanne Trump Barry"), [Fred Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr."), and Elizabeth, and his younger brother, [Robert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trump "Robert Trump"), in a 23-room mansion in the [Jamaica Estates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Estates "Jamaica Estates") neighborhood of Queens.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-3) Fred Trump paid his children each about \$20,000 a year, equivalent to \$265,000 a year in 2024. Trump was a millionaire in inflation-adjusted dollars by age eight.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202430%E2%80%9331-4)
Trump attended the private [Kew-Forest School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew-Forest_School "Kew-Forest School") through seventh grade. His father enrolled him in the [New York Military Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy "New York Military Academy"), a private boarding school, from eighth to twelfth grade.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201733,_38,_45-5) The academy pushed students into sports[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202466-6) and taught the imperative of winning.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201742-7)
Trump considered a show business career but instead, to be closer to home, enrolled at [Fordham University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordham_University "Fordham University") in 1964.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201745%E2%80%9347-8) He participated in the [Reserve Officers' Training Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps "Reserve Officers' Training Corps") during his first year, attending classes in a military uniform every Wednesday, but dropped it in his second year.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202499-9) In his junior year, he transferred to the [Wharton School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_School "Wharton School") of the [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania"), most often commuting to his father's office on weekends, and graduated in May 1968 with a [Bachelor of Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science "Bachelor of Science") in economics.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747%E2%80%9350-10) Contrary to his statements that he was top of his class with the highest grades possible, Wharton's published academic honors and dean's list do not include his name.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-12) By the time he went to Wharton he was eyeing a career in real estate.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13) He was exempted from the draft during the Vietnam War due to a claim of [bone spurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_spurs "Bone spurs") in his heels.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201748-14)
## Business career
Main article: [Business career of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump")
Further information: [Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia"), [Tax returns of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump"), and [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization")
### Real estate
See also: [The Trump Organization § Real Estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Real_Estate "The Trump Organization")
Starting in 1968, Trump was employed at Trump Management, his father's real estate company,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201750%E2%80%9351-15) which managed the middle-class apartment complexes Fred had built in [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), [Staten Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island "Staten Island"), and [Brooklyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn "Brooklyn").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201752%E2%80%9353-16) His main tasks were collecting rent and making repairs[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201676-17) for about five years.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51-18) Trump asked his father to expand to [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan") where prices were higher, but his father was content in the outer boroughs.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51-18) In 1971, he moved to Manhattan, where he planned to move the business[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201679-19) and commuted to his father's office.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201759-20) That year, his father made himself chairman and Trump president.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13) Trump began using the Trump Organization as an umbrella for the corporate names of his father's businesses.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015250-21)
[Roy Cohn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn "Roy Cohn"), Trump's most important early influence after his father,[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201681-22) was his [fixer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixer_\(person\) "Fixer (person)"), lawyer, and mentor[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016126-23) for 13 years in the 1970s and 1980s.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Mahler2016Cohn-24) Cohn taught Trump that life is transactional.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman202233-25) In 1973, Cohn helped Trump countersue the U.S. government for \$100 million (equivalent to \$725 million in 2025[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-inflation-US-26)) over its charges that Trump's properties had discriminated against Black applicants and tenants. The case was settled in a consent decree agreeing to desegregate, which the Trumps ended up in court for violating four years later.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201682%E2%80%9384-27) Helping Trump projects,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016190%E2%80%93191-28) Cohn was a [consigliere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consigliere "Consigliere") whose Mafia connections controlled construction unions.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston201645%E2%80%9346-29) In 1979, Cohn introduced political consultant [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone") to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-30)
Trump showed a propensity for litigation, no matter the outcome and cost; even when he lost, he described the case as a win.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024126-31) By 2018, Trump had been involved in more than 4,000 lawsuits,[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-usat-lawsuits-32) liens, and other filings, often filed for nonpayment against him by employees, contractors, real estate brokers, and his own attorneys.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-33) Between 1991 and 2009, Trump filed for [Chapter 11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11 "Chapter 11") bankruptcy protection for six of his businesses: the [Plaza Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Hotel "Plaza Hotel") in Manhattan, the casinos in [Atlantic City, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey "Atlantic City, New Jersey"), and the [Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Hotels_%26_Casino_Resorts "Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts") company.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-34)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35)
In 1992 and 1994, Trump, working with several relatives, formed a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with significant markups; the increased costs were used to get state approval for increasing the rents of his rent-stabilized units. Besides inflating rents, the schemes served to transfer assets from Fred Trump to his children and nephew and lower their tax burden.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-36)
#### Manhattan and Chicago developments
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg)
In 1985 with a model of one of his aborted Manhattan development projects[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)
Trump gained public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture: the renovation of the derelict [Commodore Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York#Commodore_Hotel "Hyatt Grand Central New York"), adjacent to Grand Central Terminal.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-38) The financing was facilitated by a \$400 million city property tax abatement arranged for him by his father who also, jointly with [Hyatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt "Hyatt"), guaranteed a \$70 million bank construction loan.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Rich_NYMag-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-40) The hotel reopened in 1980 as the [Grand Hyatt Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York "Hyatt Grand Central New York"),[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-41) and that same year, he obtained rights to develop [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower"), a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-42) The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Corporation and Trump's [PAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee "Political action committee") and was his primary residence until 2019.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-moved-43) In 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel with a loan from a consortium of 16 banks.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-44) The hotel filed for bankruptcy protection in 1992, and a reorganization plan was approved a month later, with the banks taking control of the property.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-45)
In 1995, Trump defaulted on over \$3 billion of bank loans, and the lenders seized the Plaza Hotel along with most of his other properties in a "vast and humiliating restructuring" that allowed him to avoid personal bankruptcy.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-plaza-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) Trump's last major construction project was the 92-story mixed-use [Trump International Hotel and Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Chicago\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") in Chicago, which opened in 2008. In 2024, [*The New York Times* and ProPublica reported](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Chicago\)#Tax_deductions "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") that the Internal Revenue Service was investigating whether he had twice written off losses incurred through construction cost overruns and lagging sales of residential units in the building he had declared to be worthless on his 2008 tax return.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)
#### Atlantic City casinos
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg)
Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal (now the [Hard Rock Hotel & Casino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock_Hotel_%26_Casino_Atlantic_City "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City")) in [Atlantic City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City "Atlantic City")
In 1984, Trump opened [Harrah's at Trump Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrah%27s_at_Trump_Plaza "Harrah's at Trump Plaza"), a hotel and casino, with financing and management help from the [Holiday Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Corporation "Holiday Corporation").[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) It was unprofitable, and he paid Holiday \$70 million in May 1986 to take sole control.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-50) In 1985, he bought the unopened Atlantic City Hilton Hotel and renamed it [Trump's Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%27s_Castle "Trump's Castle").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-51)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015351-52) Both casinos filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection in 1992.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-53) Trump bought a third Atlantic City venue in 1988, the [Trump Taj Mahal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal "Trump Taj Mahal"). It was financed with \$675 million in [junk bonds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_bonds "Junk bonds") and completed for \$1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) He filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991. Under the provisions of the restructuring agreement, Trump gave up half his initial stake and personally guaranteed future performance.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-54) To reduce his \$900 million of personal debt, he sold the [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") airline; his megayacht, the *[Trump Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Princess "Trump Princess")*, which had been leased to his casinos and kept docked; and other businesses.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of the Trump Plaza.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-56) THCR purchased the Taj Mahal and the Trump Castle in 1996 and went bankrupt in 2004 and 2009, leaving him with 10 percent ownership.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) He remained chairman until 2009.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-57)
#### Golf clubs
In 1985, Trump acquired the [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") estate in Palm Beach, Florida.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-58) In 1995, he converted the estate into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues. Trump continued to use a wing of the house as a private residence.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-59) He declared the club his primary residence in 2019.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-moved-43) Trump began [building and buying golf courses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") in 1999, owning 17 golf courses globally by 2016.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-60)
### Licensing the Trump name
See also: [List of things named after Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump")
[The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") often licensed the Trump name for consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, learning courses, and home furnishings.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-neckties-61) Over 50 licensing or management deals involved his name, generating at least \$59 million for his companies.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-62) By 2018, only two consumer goods companies continued to license Trump's name.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-neckties-61) During the 2000s, he licensed his name to real estate developments. Forty of the projects he announced were not completed.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024410-63)
### Side ventures
See also: [Donald Trump and American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg)
1985 New Jersey Generals press conference in [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower")
In 1970, Trump invested \$70,000 of his father's wealth to receive billing as coproducer of a Broadway comedy—and lost the money.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024109-64) After making low-ball bids for the [New York Mets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mets "New York Mets") and the [Cleveland Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians "Cleveland Indians") baseball teams, in 1983 for about \$6 million, he purchased the [New Jersey Generals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals "New Jersey Generals"), a team in the [United States Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Football_League "United States Football League").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017175-65) The league folded after the 1985 season, largely due to his attempt to move to a fall schedule (when it would have competed with the [National Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") for audience) and his attempt to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-66) In 1989 and 1990, he lent his name to the [Tour de Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Trump "Tour de Trump") cycling stage race, an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [Tour de France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France "Tour de France") or the [Giro d'Italia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia "Giro d'Italia").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-67)
From 1986 to 1988, he purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies while suggesting that he intended to take over the company and then sold his shares for a profit,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Buettner-190508-68) leading some observers to think he was engaged in [greenmail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenmail "Greenmail").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-69) *The New York Times* found that he initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Buettner-190508-68)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG)
Trump's star on the [Hollywood Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame "Hollywood Walk of Fame")
In 1988, Trump purchased the [Eastern Air Lines Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Shuttle "Eastern Air Lines Shuttle"), financing the purchase with \$380 million (equivalent to \$1.03 billion in 2025[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-inflation-US-26)) in loans from a syndicate of 22 banks. He renamed the airline [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") and operated it until 1992.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TA-70) He defaulted on his loans in 1991, and ownership passed to the banks.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-71) In 1996, he purchased the [Miss Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Universe "Miss Universe") pageants, including [Miss USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_USA "Miss USA") and [Miss Teen USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA "Miss Teen USA").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman2022129%E2%80%93130-72) Due to disagreements with [CBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS "CBS") about scheduling, he took both pageants to [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") in 2002.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-73)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-74) In 2007, he received a star on the [Hollywood Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame "Hollywood Walk of Fame") for his work as producer of Miss Universe.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-75) NBC and Univision dropped the pageants in June 2015 in reaction to his comments about Mexican immigrants.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-76)
#### Trump University
In 2005, Trump cofounded [Trump University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_University "Trump University"), a company that sold real estate seminars for up to \$35,000. After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of "university" violated state law because it was not an academic institution, its name was changed to the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Antonio2015281%E2%80%93282-77) In 2013, the State of New York filed a \$40 million civil suit against Trump University, alleging that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers. Additionally, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Antonio2015282%E2%80%93283-78) Shortly after he won the 2016 presidential election, he agreed to pay a total of \$25 million to settle the three cases.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-79)
### Foundation
Main article: [Donald J. Trump Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation")
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a [private foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_foundation_\(United_States\) "Private foundation (United States)") established in 1988.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-80) From 1987 to 2006, Trump gave his foundation \$5.4 million, which had been spent by the end of 2006. After donating a total of \$65,000 in 2007–2008, he stopped donating any personal funds to the charity,[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-retool-81) which received millions from other donors, including \$5 million from [Vince McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_McMahon "Vince McMahon").[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-82) The foundation gave to health and sports-related charities, conservative groups,[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-83) and charities that held events at Trump properties.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-retool-81) In 2016, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including self-dealing and [tax evasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_evasion "Tax evasion").[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-84) Also in 2016, the New York attorney general stated the foundation had violated state law by soliciting donations without submitting to required annual external audits and ordered it to cease its fundraising activities in New York immediately.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) Trump's team announced in December 2016 that the foundation would be dissolved.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
In June 2018, the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking \$2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-87) In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed its assets to other charities.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-88) In November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay \$2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-89)
### Legal affairs and bankruptcies
Main article: [Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump")
According to a review of state and federal court files conducted by *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")* in 2018, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-usat-lawsuits-32) While Trump has not filed for [personal bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_bankruptcy "Personal bankruptcy"), his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection six times between 1991 and 2009.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35) They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced his shares in the properties.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35) During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump \$4 billion.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-90) After his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks, with the exception of [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank"), declined to lend to him.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-91) After the [January 6 Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack"), Deutsche Bank also decided not to do business with him or his affiliated company in the future.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-92)
## Media career
Main article: [Media career of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump")
Trump has [published 19 books under his name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump"), most written or cowritten by [ghostwriters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostwriters "Ghostwriters").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-93) His first book, *[The Art of the Deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal "The Art of the Deal")* (1987), was a [*New York Times* Best Seller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list "The New York Times Best Seller list"), and was credited by *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")* with making Trump famous as an "emblem of the successful tycoon".[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-JM-94) The book was ghostwritten by [Tony Schwartz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_\(author\) "Tony Schwartz (author)"), who is credited as a coauthor. Trump had cameos in many films and television shows from 1985 to 2001.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-95) Trump acquired his style of politics from [professional wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_wrestling "Professional wrestling"). From the late 1980s, he sporadically played himself as a super-rich boss at events staged by professional wrestling promotion [WWE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE "WWE"), including [WrestleMania 23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_23 "WrestleMania 23") in 2007.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaufmanGanesh202469%E2%80%9370-96)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2020-97)\[*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")*\] Starting in the 1990s, Trump appeared 24 times as a guest on the nationally syndicated *[Howard Stern Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern_Show "Howard Stern Show")*.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]-98) He had his own short-form talk radio program, *[Trumped\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped! "Trumped!")*, from 2004 to 2008.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-99) From 2011 until 2015, he was a guest commentator on *[Fox & Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends "Fox & Friends")*.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-100) In 2021, Trump, who had been a member since 1989, resigned from [SAG-AFTRA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAG-AFTRA "SAG-AFTRA") to avoid a disciplinary hearing regarding the January 6 attack; two days later, the union permanently barred him.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-101)
Producer [Mark Burnett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Burnett "Mark Burnett") made Trump a television star[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig20247-102) when he created the reality show [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)"), which Trump hosted from 2004 to 2015 (including variant *[The Celebrity Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice "The Celebrity Apprentice")*). On the shows, he was a superrich chief executive who eliminated contestants with the [catchphrase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchphrase "Catchphrase") "you're fired". *The New York Times* called his portrayal "a highly flattering, highly fictionalized version" of himself.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-show-103) The shows remade Trump's image for millions of viewers nationwide.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-show-103)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-104) With the related licensing agreements, they earned him more than \$400 million.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-105)
## Early political aspirations
Further information: [Political career of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump")
Trump registered as a [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") in Queens in 1969 and in Manhattan in 1987;[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-106) a member of the [Independence Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York "Independence Party of New York"), the New York state affiliate of the [Reform Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America "Reform Party of the United States of America"), in 1999; a [Democrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") in 2001; a Republican in 2009; [unaffiliated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician "Independent politician") in 2011; and a Republican in 2012.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-107)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg)
Speaking at [CPAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference "Conservative Political Action Conference"), February 2011
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in major newspapers,[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-hint-108) expressing his views on foreign policy and how to eliminate the federal budget deficit.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-109) In 1988, he approached [Lee Atwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Atwater "Lee Atwater"), asking to be put into consideration to be Republican nominee [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush")'s running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeacham2016326-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-111) Trump [was a candidate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") in the [2000 Reform Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") for three months before he withdrew in February 2000.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-112)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-114) In 2011, Trump considered challenging President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") in [the 2012 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election"). He spoke at the [Conservative Political Action Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference "Conservative Political Action Conference") in February and gave speeches in states with early primaries.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-McA-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-116) In May 2011, he announced that he would not run.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-McA-115)
## 2016 presidential election
Main article: [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election")
Further information: [Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign"), [2016 Republican Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries"), and [First presidential transition of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump")
Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 election in June 2015.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-117)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-118) He campaigned as a rich, successful businessman and an outsider without political experience,[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-121) and claimed [media bias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_bias "Media bias") against him.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-123) Trump's campaign statements were often opaque and suggestive;[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-124) a record number were false.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-whoppers-125)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-126)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-127) He became the Republican front-runner in March 2016[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-128) and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee in May.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-129) This and later campaigns featured the slogan "[Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again")".
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg)
Campaigning in Arizona, March 2016
Trump described [NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO "NATO") as "obsolete"[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2018"On_the_campaign_trail,_Trump_repeatedly_called_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization_\(NATO\)_'obsolete'"-131) and espoused views described by *The Washington Post* as [noninterventionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninterventionist "Noninterventionist") and [protectionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist "Protectionist").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-132) His campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [U.S.–China relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93China_relations "U.S.–China relations") and [free trade agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_agreements "Free trade agreements") such as [NAFTA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAFTA "NAFTA") and strongly enforcing immigration laws. Other campaign positions included pursuing [energy independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_independence "Energy independence") while opposing climate change regulations, modernizing [services for veterans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs#Veterans_Benefits_Administration "United States Department of Veterans Affairs"), repealing and replacing the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"), abolishing [Common Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Core "Common Core") education standards, [investing in infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development "Infrastructure-based development"), simplifying the [tax code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code "Internal Revenue Code") while reducing taxes, and imposing [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff "Tariff") on imports by companies that offshore jobs. He advocated increasing military spending and extreme vetting or banning of immigrants from Muslim-majority countries.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-133) He promised to build a [wall on the Mexico–U.S. border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall") and vowed that Mexico would pay for it.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-134) He pledged to deport millions of [illegal immigrants residing in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undocumented_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States "Undocumented immigrant population of the United States"),[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-135) and criticized [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States") for incentivizing "[anchor babies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_babies "Anchor babies")".[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-136) According to an analysis in *[Political Science Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly "Political Science Quarterly")*, Trump made "explicitly racist and sexist appeals to win over white voters" during his 2016 presidential campaign.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffnerMacwilliamsNteta201831-137) In particular, his campaign launch speech drew criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists";[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-138) in response, NBC fired him from *Celebrity Apprentice*.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-139)
Trump's FEC-required reports listed assets above \$1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least \$265 million.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-disclosure-140)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-141) He did not release [his tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump"), contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and to promises he made in 2014 and 2015 to release them if he ran for office.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-142)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-143) He said his tax returns were being [audited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_audit "Income tax audit"), and that his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-144) After a lengthy court battle to block release of his tax returns and other records to the [Manhattan district attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_district_attorney "Manhattan district attorney") for a criminal investigation, including two appeals by Trump to the [U.S. Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court "U.S. Supreme Court"), in February 2021 the high court allowed the records to be released to the prosecutor for review by a grand jury.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-145)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-146) In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from *The New York Times*. They show that he had declared a loss of \$916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-147)
Trump won the election with 306 pledged [electoral votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_\(United_States\) "Electoral College (United States)") versus 232 for Democratic candidate [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton"). After elector [defections on both sides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election"), the official count was 304 to 227.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-148) The fifth person to be elected president [despite losing the popular vote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote "List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote"),[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-electoral-college-149) he received about 2.87 million fewer votes than Clinton, 46.1% to her 48.2%.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-150)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-151) He was the only president who neither served in the military nor held any government office prior to becoming president.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-152) The Republicans also won a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate elections that election day, marking the return of a Republican [undivided government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States "Divided government in the United States").[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-153)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-154) Trump's victory [sparked protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Before_first_presidency "Protests against Donald Trump") in major U.S. cities.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-155)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-156)
## First presidency (2017–2021)
Main article: [First presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump")
For a chronological guide, see [Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies § First presidency (2017–2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies#First_presidency_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies").
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg)
Taking the [presidential oath of office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Oath of office of the President of the United States"), administered by Chief Justice [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts"), on January 20, 2017
Trump [was inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2017. The day after his inauguration, an estimated 2.6 million people worldwide, including 500,000 in Washington, D.C., protested against him in the [Women's Marches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March "2017 Women's March").[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-157) During his first two weeks in office, Trump signed [eighteen executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the first Trump presidency"), including authorizing procedures for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, advancement of the [Keystone XL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline "Keystone Pipeline") and [Dakota Access Pipeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline "Dakota Access Pipeline") projects, and planning for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-158)
### Conflicts of interest
See also: [First presidency of Donald Trump § Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Ethics "First presidency of Donald Trump")
Trump continued to profit from his businesses during his first presidency and knew how his administration's policies affected them.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC041817-159)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Venook-160) Although he said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization pursued operational expansions in Scotland, Dubai, and the Dominican Republic.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC041817-159)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Venook-160) Lobbyists, foreign government officials, and Trump donors and allies generated hundreds of millions of dollars for his resorts and hotels.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-161)
### Domestic policy
Main articles: [Domestic policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration"), [Economic policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration"), [Environmental policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration"), and [Social policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration")
Trump took office at the height of the longest [economic expansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_expansion "Economic expansion") in American history,[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-VanDam-162) which began in 2009 and continued until February 2020, when the [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") began.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-163) In December 2017, he signed the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017 "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017"), which reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals and eliminated the penalty associated with the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act")'s individual mandate.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-165) Under Trump, the federal budget deficit increased by almost 50 percent, to nearly \$1 trillion in 2019.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-166) By the end of his term, the [U.S. national debt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_debt "U.S. national debt") increased by 39 percent, reaching \$27.75 trillion, and the U.S. [debt-to-GDP ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio "Debt-to-GDP ratio") hit a post-World War II high.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-167)
Trump rejects the [scientific consensus on climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change "Scientific consensus on climate change").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-168) He reduced the budget for [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States#Renewable_energy_research "Renewable energy in the United States") research by 40 percent and reversed Obama-era policies directed at curbing [climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change "Climate change").[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-169) He [withdrew from the Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement "United States and the Paris Agreement"), making the U.S. the only nation to not ratify it.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-170)
Trump aimed and aims to boost the production and exports of [fossil fuels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel "Fossil fuel").[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-171)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-172) [Natural gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas "Natural gas") expanded under Trump, but [coal continued to decline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_States#Production "Coal mining in the United States").[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-173)[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Subramaniam-174) He [rolled back](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollback "Rollback") more than 100 federal environmental regulations, including those that curbed [greenhouse gas emissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions "Greenhouse gas emissions"), air and [water pollution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution "Water pollution"), and the use of toxic substances. He weakened protections for animals and [environmental standards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_standard#United_States "Environmental standard") for federal infrastructure projects, and expanded permitted areas for drilling and [resource extraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_extraction "Resource extraction"), such as allowing [drilling in the Arctic Refuge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy "Arctic Refuge drilling controversy").[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-175)
Trump dismantled federal regulations on health,[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-176)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) labor,[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) the environment,[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-178)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) and other areas, including a bill that revoked the Obama-era regulation restricting the sale of firearms to severely mentally ill people.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-179) During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended, or reversed ninety federal regulations,[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-180) often "after requests by the regulated industries".[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-181)
Trump vowed to repeal and replace the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act").[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-182) He scaled back the act's implementation through executive orders.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-183)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-184) He expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail"; his administration halved the [enrollment period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_enrollment "Annual enrollment") and drastically reduced funding for enrollment promotion.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-185)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-186)
In response to the [opioid epidemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States "Opioid epidemic in the United States"), Trump signed legislation in 2018 to increase funding for drug treatments, but was widely criticized for failing to make a concrete strategy.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-187) He barred organizations that provide abortions or abortion referrals from receiving federal funds.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-188) His administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections against [discrimination of LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBT_people "Discrimination against LGBT people").[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-189) His attempted rollback of anti-discrimination protections for [transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender "Transgender") patients in August 2020 was halted by a federal judge after a Supreme Court ruling extended employees' civil rights protections to [gender identity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity "Gender identity") and sexual orientation.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-190) His administration [took an anti-marijuana position](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration"), revoking [Obama-era policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Memorandum "Cole Memorandum") that provided protections for states that legalized marijuana.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-191) Trump is a long-time advocate of capital punishment,[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-192)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-193) and his administration oversaw the [federal government execute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_federal_government "Capital punishment by the United States federal government") 13 prisoners, more than in the previous 56 years combined, ending a 17-year moratorium.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-194)
### Pardons and commutations
Further information: [List of people granted executive clemency in the first Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the first Trump presidency")
During his first term, Trump granted 237 requests for clemency, fewer than all presidents since 1900 with the exception of [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") and [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush").[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-195) Only 25 of them had been vetted by the Justice Department's [Office of the Pardon Attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Pardon_Attorney "Office of the Pardon Attorney"); the others were granted to people with personal or political connections to him, his family, and his allies, or recommended by celebrities.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-road-196)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-OloDaw-197) In his last full day in office, he granted 73 pardons and commuted 70 sentences.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-198) The pardons of three military service members convicted of or charged with violent crimes were opposed by military leaders.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-199)
### Immigration
Main article: [Immigration policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration")
Further information: [Mexico–United States border crisis § First Trump administration (2017–2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "Mexico–United States border crisis")
As president, Trump described illegal immigration as an "invasion" of the United States[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-200) and drastically escalated immigration enforcement.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2017a-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019-202) He implemented harsh policies against asylum seekers[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019-202) and [deployed nearly 6,000 troops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot "Operation Faithful Patriot") to the [U.S.–Mexico border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Mexico_border "U.S.–Mexico border") to stop illegal crossings.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-203) He reduced the number of [refugees admitted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Refugee_Admissions_Program "United States Refugee Admissions Program") to record lows, from an annual limit of 110,000 before he took office to 15,000 in 2021.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-204)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-206) Trump also increased restrictions on granting [permanent residency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency_in_the_United_States "Permanent residency in the United States") to [immigrants needing public benefits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_charge_rule "Public charge rule").[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-207) One of his central campaign promises was to build a [wall along the U.S.–Mexico border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall");[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-timm-208) during his first term, the U.S. built 73 miles (117 km) of wall in areas without barriers and 365 miles (587 km) to replace older barriers.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-209) In 2018, Trump's refusal to sign any [spending bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spending_bill "Spending bill") unless it allocated funding for the border wall[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-210) resulted in [the longest-ever federal government shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown"), for 35 days from December 2018 to January 2019.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gambino-211)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-212) The shutdown ended after he agreed to fund the government without any funds for the wall.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gambino-211) To avoid another shutdown, Congress passed a funding bill with \$1.4 billion for border fencing in February.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wilkie-213) Trump later declared a [national emergency on the southern border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States "National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States") to divert \$6.1 billion of funding to the border wall[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wilkie-213) despite congressional disagreement.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-214)
In January 2017, Trump signed [an executive order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13769 "Executive Order 13769") that [denied entry to citizens from six Muslim-majority countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_travel_ban "Trump travel ban") for four months and from Syria indefinitely.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-frontline-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-airport-216) The order caused [many protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") and [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban "Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban") that resulted in [nationwide injunctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_injunction "Nationwide injunction").[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-frontline-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-airport-216)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-217) [A revised order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13780 "Executive Order 13780") giving some exceptions was also blocked by courts,[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-218)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-219) but [the Supreme Court ruled in June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Refugee_Assistance_Project_v._Trump "International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump") that the ban could be enforced on those lacking "a *bona fide* relationship with a person or entity" in the U.S.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-220) Trump replaced the ban in September with [a presidential proclamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645 "Presidential Proclamation 9645") extending travel bans to North Koreans, Chadians, and some Venezuelan officials, but excluded Iraq and Sudan.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-221) The Supreme Court allowed that version to go into effect in December 2017,[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-222) and ultimately upheld the ban in 2019.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-223)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ursula_\(detention_center\)_2-res.jpg)
Children, sleeping mats, and foil blankets in wire mesh compartment, [Ursula detention facility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_detention_facility "Ursula detention facility"), June 2018
From 2017 to 2018, the Trump administration had [a policy of family separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") that separated over 4,400 children, some as young as four months old,[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-tina_v-224) from migrant parents at the U.S.–Mexico border.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-225)[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Spagat-226) The unprecedented[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Domonoske-227) policy sparked public outrage in the country.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-228) Despite Trump initially blaming Democrats[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-229)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-230) and insisting he could not stop the policy with an executive order, he acceded to public pressure in June 2018 and mandated that illegal immigrant families be detained together unless "there is a concern" of risk for the child.[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-232) A judge later ordered that the families be reunited and further separations stopped except in limited circumstances,[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-233)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-234) though over 1,000 additional children were separated from their families after the order.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Spagat-226) By April 2024, 1,360 children had not been confirmed as reunified with their families.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-tina_v-224)
### Foreign policy
Main articles: [Foreign policy of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") and [Tariffs in the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration")
Further information: [Russia–United States relations § First Trump administration (2017–2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "Russia–United States relations"), [China–United States relations § First Trump administration (2017–2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "China–United States relations"), [2017–2018 North Korea crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis "2017–2018 North Korea crisis"), and [2018–19 Korean peace process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018–19 Korean peace process")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_\(48616362963\).jpg)
[G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Seven "Group of Seven") leaders at the [45th summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_G7_summit "45th G7 summit") in France, 2019
Trump describes himself as a "nationalist"[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-235) and his foreign policy as "[America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First")".[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bennhold-236) He supported [populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populist "Populist"), [neo-nationalist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-nationalist "Neo-nationalist"), and authoritarian governments.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-237) Unpredictability, uncertainty, and inconsistency characterized foreign relations during his tenure.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bennhold-236)[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGurk2020-238) Relations between the U.S. and its European allies were strained under Trump.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-239) He criticized [NATO allies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO "Member states of NATO") and privately suggested that the U.S. should [withdraw from NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO#United_States "Withdrawal from NATO").[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-240)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-241)
Trump supported many of the policies of Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu").[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-242) In 2020, Trump hosted the signing of the [Abraham Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords "Abraham Accords") between Israel and the [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates "United Arab Emirates") and [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain "Bahrain") to normalize their foreign relations.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-243)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_\(42547210635\).jpg)
Shaking hands with Russian president Vladimir Putin during the [2018 summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_Summit "2018 Russia–United States Summit") in [Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki "Helsinki"), Finland
Trump began [a trade war with China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") in 2018 after imposing tariffs and other trade barriers he said would force China to end longstanding unfair trade practice and [intellectual property infringement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_intellectual_property_infringement_by_China "Allegations of intellectual property infringement by China").[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-244) Trump weakened the toughest U.S. sanctions imposed after the [2014 Russian annexation of Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea "2014 Russian annexation of Crimea").[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-246) Trump praised and, according to some critics, rarely criticized Russian president [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin"),[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-247)[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-248) though he opposed some actions of Russia's government.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-249) He withdrew the U.S. from the [Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty "Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty"), citing alleged Russian noncompliance,[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-250) and supported Russia's possible return to the [G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7 "G7").[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-G8-251)
As [North Korea's nuclear weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%27s_nuclear_weapons "North Korea's nuclear weapons") were increasingly seen as a serious threat,[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-252) Trump became the first sitting U.S. president to meet a North Korean leader, meeting [Kim Jong Un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un "Kim Jong Un") three times between June 2018 and June 2019.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-253) Talks on North Korean [denuclearization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denuclearization "Denuclearization") broke down in October 2019, and no agreement was reached.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-254)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-255)
### Personnel
Main articles: [Political appointments of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the first Trump administration") and [First cabinet of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump")
Further information: [Government hiring and personnel of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_hiring_and_personnel_of_Donald_Trump "Government hiring and personnel of Donald Trump")
By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-256) By July 2018, 61 percent of his senior aides had left[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-257) and 141 staffers had left in the previous year.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-258) Both figures set a record for recent presidents.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Keith-259) Various close personal aides to Trump stopped working for him or were forced to leave.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Brookings-260) Trump publicly disparaged several of his former top officials.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-261)
Trump had four [White House chiefs of staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_chiefs_of_staff "White House chiefs of staff"), marginalizing or pushing out several.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Keither-262) In May 2017, he [dismissed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey "Dismissal of James Comey"), saying a few days later that he was concerned about Comey's role in the Trump–Russia investigations.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-263)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-264) Three of Trump's 15 original cabinet members left or were forced to resign within his first year.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-538_Cabinet-265)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Brookings-260) Trump was slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-266) By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled and he had no nominee for 264.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-267)
### Judiciary
Further information: [List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") and [Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies "Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies")
Trump appointed 234 [federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judge "United States federal judge"), including 54 to the [courts of appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals "United States courts of appeals") and [three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") to the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"): [Neil Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch "Neil Gorsuch"), [Brett Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh "Brett Kavanaugh"), and [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"),[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-268)[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-269) which politically shifted the Court to the right.[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-270)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-271)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-272) In the 2016 campaign, he pledged that *[Roe v. Wade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade "Roe v. Wade")* would be overturned "automatically" if he were elected and given the opportunity to appoint two or three anti-abortion justices. He later took credit when *Roe* was overturned by *[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization")* in 2022; all three of his Supreme Court nominees voted with the majority.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-273)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-274) Trump disparaged courts and judges he disagreed with, often in personal terms, and questioned the judiciary's constitutional authority. His attacks on courts drew rebukes from observers, including sitting federal judges, concerned about the effect of his statements on the [judicial independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence "Judicial independence") and public confidence in the judiciary.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-275)[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-276)
### COVID-19 pandemic
Main article: [COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")
Further information: [U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") and [Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic")
See also: [Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_Press_Briefing_\(49666120807\).jpg)
Conducting a COVID-19 press briefing with members of the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") on March 15, 2020
After ignoring public health warnings and calls for action from health officials within his administration for weeks,[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-277) Trump established the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") in late January.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-278) In March, he signed into law the [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act")—a \$2.2 trillion bipartisan [economic stimulus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_stimulus "Economic stimulus") bill—the largest stimulus in U.S. history.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NY_Times_stimulus_united_senate-279)[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_Trump_signs_2.2-280) After weeks of attacks to draw attention away from his slow response, Trump halted funding of the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") in April.[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-281) He encouraged right-wing [protests against social-distancing policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") in states with stay-at-home orders[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-282) and repeatedly pressured federal health agencies to take actions he favored,[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN-testing-pressure-283) such as approving unproven treatments.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-284)[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressed-285)
In October, Trump was [hospitalized for three days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Presidential_hospitalization_and_early_release "White House COVID-19 outbreak") with a severe case of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") while his medical team downplayed the severity of his condition.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-286)
### Investigations
Further information: [Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"), [Mueller special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation"), and [Mueller report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_report "Mueller report")
After he assumed office, Trump was the subject of increasing [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition, and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, [his private businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), personal taxes, and [his charitable foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation").[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-287) There were ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and twelve congressional investigations.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-288)
In July 2016, the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") launched [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)"), an investigation into possible links between Russia and Trump's 2016 campaign.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-289) After Trump fired Comey in May 2017, the FBI opened a second investigation into Trump's personal and [business dealings with Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia").[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-290) In January 2017, three U.S. intelligence agencies jointly stated with "high confidence" that [Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections") to favor Trump.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-291)[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-292) Crossfire Hurricane was later transferred to [Robert Mueller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mueller "Robert Mueller")'s [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation");[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-293) the investigation into Trump's ties to Russia was ended by Deputy Attorney General [Rod Rosenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein "Rod Rosenstein") after he told the FBI that Mueller would pursue the matter.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-never-294)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-295) At the request of Rosenstein, the Mueller investigation examined criminal matters "in connection with Russia's 2016 election interference".[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-never-294) [Mueller's final report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_report "Mueller report") in March 2019[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-296) found that Russia interfered in 2016 to favor Trump[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-297) and that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged the effort,[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-298)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-299)[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-300) but that the evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russia.[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-301)[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-takeaways-302) Trump claimed the report exonerated him despite Mueller writing that it did not.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-303) The report also detailed potential obstruction of justice by Trump but "did not draw ultimate conclusions"[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-304)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-305) and left the decision to charge the laws to Congress.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-LM-306)
### Impeachments
Main articles: [First impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") and [Second impeachment of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_\(49498772251\).jpg)
Displaying the headline "Trump acquitted" in 2020
Trump was [impeached](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States "Impeachment in the United States") twice by the House of Representatives, though acquitted by the Senate on both occasions. The [first impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") arose from a whistleblower complaint that in July 2019 Trump [had pressured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal") Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") to investigate Joe and Hunter Biden,[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-undermine-307) in an attempt to gain an advantage in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election").[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-308) In December 2019, the House voted to impeach Trump for [abuse of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuse_of_power "Abuse of power") and [obstruction of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_Congress "Obstruction of Congress"),[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-309) and the Senate acquitted him in February 2020.[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-310)
The [second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") came after the January 6 Capitol attack, for which the House charged Trump with [incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement_of_insurrection "Incitement of insurrection") on January 13, 2021.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-SecondImpeachment-311) Trump left office on January 20, and was acquitted on February 13. Seven Republican senators voted for conviction.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-312)
### 2020 presidential election and rejection of outcome
Further information: [2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), [Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign"), and [Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election")
Trump filed to run for reelection only a few hours after becoming president in 2017.[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-313) He held his first reelection rally less than a month after taking office[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-314) and officially became the [Republican nominee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") in August 2020.[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-315) Trump's campaign focused on crime, claiming that cities would descend into lawlessness if Democratic nominee [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") won.[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-316) Starting in early 2020, Trump sowed doubts about the election, claiming without evidence that it would be rigged and that widespread use of mail balloting would produce massive election fraud.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-317)[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-318) He repeatedly refused to say whether he would accept the results if he lost and commit to a [peaceful transition of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaceful_transition_of_power "Peaceful transition of power").[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-319)[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-320)
Joe Biden won the November 2020 election, receiving 81.3 million votes (51.3 percent) to Trump's 74.2 million (46.8 percent)[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-vote1-321)[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-vote2-322) and 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232,[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-formalize-323) with the [Electoral College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College "United States Electoral College") formalizing Biden's victory on December 14.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-formalize-323) Trump declared victory before the results were known on the morning after the election.[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-324) Days later, when Biden was projected the winner, Trump baselessly alleged election fraud.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-325) As part of [an effort to overturn the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), Trump and his allies filed many [lawsuits challenging the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election"), which were rejected by at least 86 judges in both state and federal courts for having no factual or legal basis.[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-326)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-327)
Trump's allegations were also refuted by state election officials,[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-328) and the Supreme Court declined to hear [a case asking it to overturn the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania") in four states won by Biden.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-329) Trump repeatedly sought help to overturn the results, personally pressuring Republican local and state office-holders,[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-amyG-330) Republican legislators,[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressure-331) the Justice Department,[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-332) and Vice President Pence,[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-333) urging actions such as [replacing presidential electors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot"),[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressure-331) or that Georgia officials ["find" votes and announce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "Trump–Raffensperger phone call") a "recalculated" result.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-amyG-330) Trump did not attend [Biden's inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden%27s_inauguration "Biden's inauguration") on January 20.[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-334)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_\(50820534063\)_\(retouched\).jpg)
A crowd of Trump supporters during the attack
### January 6 attack
Further information: [January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack")
On January 6, 2021, while [Congress was certifying the presidential election results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count"), [Trump held a rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_Trump_rally "January 6 Trump rally") at which he called for the election to be overturned and urged his supporters to "fight like hell" and "take back our country" by marching to the Capitol.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-335) His supporters then [formed a mob that broke into the building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack"), disrupting certification and causing the evacuation of Congress.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-336) More than 140 police officers were injured, and five people died during or after the attack.[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-337)[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-338) The event has been described as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup") by Trump.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPion-BerlinBruneauGoetze2022-339)[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey20223-340)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasta%C3%B1edaJenks2023246-341) Congress later reconvened and confirmed Biden's victory in the early hours of January 7.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-342)
## Between presidencies (2021–2025)
Upon leaving the White House, Trump began living at Mar-a-Lago, establishing an office there as provided for by the [Former Presidents Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_Presidents_Act "Former Presidents Act").[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-343) His continuing [false claims concerning the 2020 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie#Donald_Trump's_false_claims_of_a_stolen_election "Big lie") were commonly referred to as the "[big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie "Big lie")" by his critics, although in May 2021, he and many of his supporters began using the term to refer to the election itself.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-344)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-key2-345) The Republican Party used his false claims about the election to justify [imposing new voting restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 United States presidential election") in its favor.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-346)[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-347)[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-348) He continued to pressure state legislators to overturn the election.[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-349) Unlike other former presidents, Trump continued to dominate his party; a 2022 profile in *The New York Times* described him as a modern [party boss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_boss "Party boss").[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-PB2-350) He continued fundraising, raising a [war chest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_chest "War chest") containing more than twice that of the Republican Party, and profited from fundraisers many Republican candidates held at Mar-a-Lago. Much of his focus was on party governance and installing in key posts officials loyal to him.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-PB2-350) In the [2022 midterm elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_midterm_elections "2022 midterm elections"), Trump endorsed over 200 candidates for various offices.[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-351) In February 2022, his [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") (TMTG) launched a pro-Trump social media platform called [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social").[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-352) In March 2024, TMTG became a [public company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company").[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-353)
### Legal issues
See also: [Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") and [Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency")
In 2019, journalist [E. Jean Carroll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll "E. Jean Carroll") accused Trump of raping her in the 1990s and [sued him for defamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump") over his denial.[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-354) Carroll sued him again in 2022 for [battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_\(crime\) "Battery (crime)") and further defamation.[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-355) He was [found liable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_liability "Legal liability") for sexual abuse and defamation and ordered to pay \$5 million in one case[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-356) and \$83.3 million in the other.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uphold-357) Federal appeals courts upheld both findings and awards in December 2024 and September 2025, respectively.[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-358)[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uphold-357)
In 2022, [New York filed a civil lawsuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization") against Trump accusing him of inflating the Trump Organization's value to gain an advantage with lenders and banks.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-359)[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TF-360) He was found liable and ordered to pay nearly \$355 million plus interest.[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TF-360) In August 2025, the appeals court upheld his liability and nonmonetary penalties, but voided the monetary penalty as excessive.[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-361)
In connection with Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election and his involvement in the January 6 attack, in December 2022 the [U.S. House committee on the attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") recommended criminal charges against him for [obstructing an official proceeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_an_official_proceeding "Obstructing an official proceeding"), inciting or assisting an insurrection, and [conspiracy to defraud the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_to_defraud_the_United_States "Conspiracy to defraud the United States").[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-362) In August 2023, a grand jury in [Fulton County, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia "Fulton County, Georgia"), indicted him on [13 charges, including racketeering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution"), for his efforts to subvert the 2020 election in the state.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-363)[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-364) The case was dismissed in November 2025 after the new prosecutor declined to pursue the charges.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-365)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg)
Classified intelligence material found during search of Mar-a-Lago
In January 2022, the [National Archives and Records Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration "National Archives and Records Administration") retrieved [15 boxes of documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") Trump had taken to [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") after leaving the White House, some of which were classified.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366) In the ensuing Justice Department investigation, officials retrieved more classified documents from his lawyers.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366) On August 8, 2022, [FBI agents searched Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") for illegally held documents, including those in breach of the [Espionage Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_Act "Espionage Act"), collecting 11 sets of classified documents, some marked top secret.[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-bddj0812222-367)[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT-20220812222-368) A [federal grand jury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_grand_jury "Federal grand jury") constituted by Special Counsel [Jack Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Smith_\(lawyer\) "Jack Smith (lawyer)") indicted Trump in June 2023 on 31 counts of "willfully retaining national defense information" under the Espionage Act, among other charges.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366)[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-369)[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-370) Trump pleaded not guilty.[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-371) In July 2024, judge [Aileen Cannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aileen_Cannon "Aileen Cannon") dismissed the case, ruling Smith's appointment as special prosecutor was unconstitutional.[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CD2-372) After his reelection, the [2020 election obstruction case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") and the classified documents case were dismissed [without prejudice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice_\(legal_term\)#With_prejudice_and_without_prejudice "Prejudice (legal term)") due to Justice Department policy against prosecuting sitting presidents.[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dismiss2-373)
In May 2024, Trump [was convicted on 34 felony counts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") of [falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifying_business_records "Falsifying business records").[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-conv-374) The case stemmed from evidence that he booked [Michael Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cohen_\(lawyer\) "Michael Cohen (lawyer)")'s hush-money payments to adult film actress [Stormy Daniels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels "Stormy Daniels") as business expenses to cover up his alleged 2006–2007 affair with Daniels during the 2016 election.[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-conv-374)[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-375) On January 10, 2025, the judge gave Trump a no-penalty sentence known as an unconditional discharge, saying that punitive requirements would have interfered with presidential immunity.[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uds-376)
### 2024 presidential election
Main article: [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election")
Further information: [Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign"), [2024 Republican Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries"), and [Second presidential transition of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump")
In November 2022, Trump announced his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election and created a fundraising account.[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-377)[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-378) In March 2023, the campaign began diverting ten percent of the donations to his [leadership PAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_PAC "Leadership PAC"). His campaign had paid \$100 million towards his legal bills by March 2024.[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-379)[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-380)
During the campaign, Trump made increasingly violent and authoritarian statements.[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-381) He said that he would weaponize the FBI and the Justice Department against his political opponents[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-382)[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-383) and use the military to target Democratic politicians and those not supporting his candidacy.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-384)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lerer_10152024-385) He used harsher and more dehumanizing anti-immigrant rhetoric than during his presidency.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-386) His rhetoric, calling his political opponents "the enemy", vermin, and fascists, has been described by some historians and scholars as authoritarian, [fascist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism"),[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-387) and unlike anything a political candidate has ever said in American history.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYMag_Never_Sounded_Like_This-388)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lerer_10152024-385)[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Applebaum18-389) [Age and health concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") also arose during the campaign, with several medical experts highlighting an increase in rambling, [tangential speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_speech "Tangential speech") and [behavioral disinhibition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition "Disinhibition").[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-390)
Trump mentioned "rigged election" and "election interference" earlier and more frequently than in the 2016 and 2020 campaigns and refused to commit to accepting the 2024 election results.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-391)[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTDoubts-392) On July 13, 2024, Trump was shot in the ear in [an assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") at a campaign rally in [Butler Township, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania").[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Browne-2024-393)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-394)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-395) Two days later, the [2024 Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") nominated him as their presidential candidate.[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-396) In September he was targeted but unharmed in [another assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") in Florida.[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-397) Trump won the election in November 2024 with 312 electoral votes to incumbent vice president Kamala Harris's 226.[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-398) He also won the popular vote with 49.8% to Harris's 48.3%.[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-399) His victory in 2024 was in large part due to the [2021–2023 inflation surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge "2021–2023 inflation surge").[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Global_Politics-400)[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-401) Several outlets described his reelection as an extraordinary comeback.[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-402)[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-403)
Trump's policy platform ([Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47")) was vague, to limit criticism and maintain flexibility.[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bump-404) Trump occasionally disavowed knowledge of the [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025") group, formed to institutionalize [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"),[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-405) despite personnel overlap with his first administration.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_review-406)[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-myths_and_facts-407) Trump chose several Project 2025 authors for his second administration,[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-408) and most of his early second term executive actions would "mirror or partially mirror" its proposals.[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-409)
## Second presidency (2025–present)
Main article: [Second presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump")
For a chronological guide, see [Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies § Second presidency (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies#Second_presidency_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies").
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
Taking the [presidential oath of office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Oath of office of the President of the United States"), administered by Chief Justice [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts"), on January 20, 2025
Trump began his second term upon [his inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025.[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-410) He became the [oldest to assume the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age"),[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-411) the first president with a felony conviction, and the second person to serve two nonconsecutive terms as president.[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-412) *The New York Times* stated his attempts to expand presidential power are a defining characteristic of his second term, and they emphasized his conflicts with judicial authority.[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-413)
### Early actions
See also: [First 100 days of the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency")
More than a month before the 100-day mark of Trump's second term, he had [issued more executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency") than any other U.S. president's first 100 days.[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-414) As of mid-January 2026, his orders and actions had been challenged in over 550 lawsuits nationwide. Of these, plaintiffs had prevailed in 195 cases, the government had prevailed in 109 cases, there were split rulings in 16 cases, 228 cases were pending, and 25 cases were closed.[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-415) Both Republican and Democratic judicial appointees have found numerous constitutional and statutory flaws with Trump administration policies.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-416)
Following legal setbacks, Trump increased his criticism of the judiciary and called for impeachment of federal judges who ruled against him.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-417) By mid-July 2025, a *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post")* analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-418)
His administration asserted a constitutional right to ignore federal law in its justification of several actions such as in his refusal to enforce a [federal ban on TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act "Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act"), with legal experts describing it as claiming a "constitutional power to immunize private parties to commit otherwise illegal acts with impunity".[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-419)[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-420)[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-421)
### Conflicts of interest (2025–present)
Further information: [Second presidency of Donald Trump § Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Ethics "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), and [Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency")
Trump's second presidency has been described as having fewer guardrails against conflicts of interest than his first,[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-422)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-423) breaking with decades of ethical norms,[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-424) and raising substantial [corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption "Corruption") concerns.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05122025-425)[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-426) He maintained a publicly traded company in [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group"), and diversified it into financial services.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-427) He pursued new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and had several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-422) He profited from events held at his hotels and golf courses and did not place his assets in a blind trust, as previous presidents had done.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-428)
Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from [two cryptocurrency tokens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Other_ventures_and_investments "The Trump Organization") ("[meme coins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme_coin "Meme coin")"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") and \$Melania.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-429)[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-430) He also directly benefited from his family's cryptocurrency company [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial"), which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-431)
### Mass terminations of federal employees
Main article: [2025 United States federal mass layoffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs")
Trump implemented a hiring freeze across the federal government and ordered telework of federal employees to be discontinued within 30 days.[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-432)[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-upend-433) He ordered a review of many career civil service positions with the intention of [reclassifying them into at-will positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy/Career_appointment "Policy/Career appointment") without job protections.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-upend-433)[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-434)[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-435) He initiated mass job terminations of federal employees,[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collinson-436) which were described by legal experts as unprecedented or in violation of federal law,[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-437) with the intent of replacing them with workers more aligned with his agenda.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-438) By late February 2025, the administration had fired more than 30,000 people.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-439) He ordered an end to [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) projects in the federal government and rescinded [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson "Lyndon B. Johnson")'s 1965 [Executive Order 11246](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11246 "Executive Order 11246"), which had mandated that federal contractors take affirmative action to end racial discrimination.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-440)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-441)
Trump and [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk")'s [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") largely dismantled several federal agencies including [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") and the [Department of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education "United States Department of Education"), unilaterally fired several thousand staff, and reduced administrative functions to statutory minimums.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-442)[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-443)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-444)
### Targeting political opponents
Main article: [Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration")
During his second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target political opponents and [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society"). He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the Democratic Party.[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-445) He ended the post-[Watergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate "Watergate") norm of [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") independence, weaponizing it and agencies across the federal government to target his political enemies.[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-446)[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-447) Trump's actions against civil society were described by hundreds of legal experts and political scientists as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian"), contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"), and negatively impacting the [rule of law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law "Rule of law").[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-448)[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-449)[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-450)
### Pardons and commutations (2025–present)
Further information: [List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency")
Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists,[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-451)[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-452) and disproportionately pardoned "the powerful, famous, well-connected and wealthy" accused of white-collar crime.[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-452) Trump [granted clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") convicted or charged on his first day in office, including those who violently attacked police, by pardoning more than 1,500 and commuting the sentences of 14.[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reilly2025-453)[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NPR2025-454)
### Domestic policy (2025–present)
Main articles: [Domestic policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration"), [Economic policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration"), [Education policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Education policy of the second Trump administration"), [Science policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Science policy of the second Trump administration"), and [Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration")
Trump ordered agencies to stop enforcement of disfavored rules in an attempt at large-scale deregulation that legal experts described as illegal and contrary to decades of federal law.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-455)[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-456) He sought greater government control over private businesses and shifted away from traditional conservative [free market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_market "Free market") orthodoxy,[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-457) engaging in [state capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capitalism "State capitalism") by taking direct government equity stakes in multiple U.S. corporations.[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-458)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_08132025-459)[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-460)
#### Science
Trump [canceled and paused federal grants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause") and made large cuts to scientific research,[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-461) several of which were found by judges and the [Government Accountability Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") as being illegal and unconstitutional.[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-462)[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-463) Trump and his administration's [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") agenda promoted [anti-science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-science "Anti-science") and [anti-vaccine activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism"), resulting in a resurgence of whooping cough and measles.[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-464)[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-465)
#### National emergencies/health policy
Trump relied on declaring national emergencies to justify hundreds of actions and bypass congressional approval or regulatory review.[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-466) For instance, he declared a national energy emergency, allowing the suspension of environmental regulations, loosening the rules for fossil fuel extraction and limiting renewable energy projects.[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-467)[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-468) Trump withdrew the U.S. from the [Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement") on climate change during his first presidency, [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") reentered the agreement in 2021, and Trump again withdrew from the agreement during his second presidency.[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-469)
#### Social
Trump attributed societal problems to [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) initiatives and [wokeness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke#United_States "Woke").[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Green250203-470) Equating diversity with incompetence,[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Green250203-470) he reversed pro-diversity policies in the federal government.[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-471)[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-472) He threatened cultural institutions on DEI grounds[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-473) and sixty universities on accusations of antisemitism,[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJed-474) and forced law firms to capitulate to his political agenda.[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-APfirms-475)
Trump expanded the domestic use of the military and ordered [military deployments to several Democratic Party-led cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2025 deployment of federal forces in the United States"), and threatened to expand his deployments further.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-476)[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-477)
Through [a series of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration#Executive_Orders "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") and other actions, Trump banned transgender people from the military;[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-478) restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare; opposed [inclusive language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_language "Inclusive language");[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-479) censored research and education materials;[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-480) targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting what his government calls "gender ideology";[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-npr-ideology-481) barred transgender athletes from sports; and required U.S. passports to state transgender people's sex assigned at birth.[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-482)
#### One Big Beautiful Bill Act
In July 2025, Trump signed the [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act") into law. The bill made the temporary tax cuts of the 2017 [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") permanent and added additional tax deductions for a total of around \$4.5 trillion, mostly benefiting the highest income brackets and costing people in the lowest income bracket \$1,600 per year. It increased funding for national defense, deportations, the border wall, and Trump's proposed [Golden Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_\(missile_defense_system\) "Golden Dome (missile defense system)") missile defense system. It removed tax credits for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power and for buyers of electric vehicles. The bill cut funding for [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid") and [SNAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program") and added additional work requirements for eligibility and a \$35 co-payment for some Medicaid services; the cuts and additional requirements will take effect after the 2026 general election. The bill was projected by the [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office") to increase the budget deficit by \$3.4 trillion by 2034, cause 11.8 million people to lose Medicaid coverage, and eliminate SNAP benefits for three million people.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-483)[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-484)
### Immigration (2025–present)
Main articles: [Immigration policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") and [Deportation in the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration")
Further information: [Mexico–United States border crisis § Second Trump administration (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Second_Trump_administration_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "Mexico–United States border crisis"), [Mexico–United States border wall § Second Trump administration (2025–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall#Second_Trump_administration_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "Mexico–United States border wall"), and [Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_and_deportation_controversies_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration")
During Trump's first days in office, he instructed Border Patrol agents to summarily deport [illegal immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States "Illegal immigration to the United States") crossing the border and disabled the [CBP One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBP_One "CBP One") app that was being used to schedule border crossings. Trump resumed the [Remain in Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain_in_Mexico "Remain in Mexico") policy, designated drug cartels as terrorist groups, and ordered construction to be resumed on a border wall.[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-485)[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cbsjan28-486) He also revoked the parole status of immigrants who entered the U.S. under CBP One and ended [humanitarian parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_for_Cubans,_Haitians,_Nicaraguans,_and_Venezuelans "Parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans").[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cbsjan28-486) In March 2025, he used the [Alien Enemies Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Enemies_Act "Alien Enemies Act") of 1798 to [deport migrants without trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_American_deportations_of_Venezuelans "March 2025 American deportations of Venezuelans") to be imprisoned at the [Terrorism Confinement Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_Confinement_Center "Terrorism Confinement Center") in El Salvador.[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-487) Trump targeted activists, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-488) Several [American citizens were detained and deported](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_and_deportation_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Detention and deportation of American citizens in the second Trump administration").[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-489) His aggressive and hardline deportation campaign led to large nationwide protests and violent confrontations with migrants and protesters which increased in intensity following high-profile killings of U.S. citizens by federal agents during [Operation Metro Surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Metro_Surge "Operation Metro Surge") in January 2026.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-490)[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-491)
### Foreign policy (2025–present)
Main article: [Foreign policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration")
Further information: [Tariffs in the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration"), [China–United States trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war"), [2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico "2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico"), [American expansionism under Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump"), and [2026 Iran war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war")
Trump's second term foreign policy was described as [expansionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump") and imperialist.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-492)[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-493) His administration favored [hard power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_power "Hard power") to achieve its [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First") foreign policy goals,[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-494) and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American [soft power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power "Soft power").[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-495)[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-496) Trump's relations with U.S. allies have been transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, while he has sought friendlier relations with certain U.S. adversaries.[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-497)
Meeting with Zelenskyy, February 2025
In February 2025, Trump and Vice President Vance [berated Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting") in a highly contentious televised meeting. Media outlets described it as an unprecedented public confrontation between an American president and a foreign [head of state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state "Head of state").[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Liptak_20250228-498)[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-499)
Trump has taken a pro-Israel stance and continued [support for Israel in the Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war").[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-500) From March to May 2025, Trump [launched an extensive aerial campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") against [Houthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis "Houthis") targets in Yemen—his first major military operation in the Middle East during his second term.[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-501) As part of the 2025 [Iran–Israel war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War"), Trump ordered the [bombing of Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites") in June.[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-502) His [plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") between Israel and [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") was signed in October 2025, leading to the creation of the [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace").[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-503) In February 2026, Trump authorized [joint U.S./Israeli air strikes on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war")[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-504) and sent aircraft carriers and other combat ships to the Middle East. Israeli aerial bombs killed Iranian supreme leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") and other Iranian leaders; Iran retaliated with rocket attacks on neighboring countries.[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-505)
Trump's economic policies have been described as [protectionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States "Protectionism in the United States"),[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-506) with him imposing tariffs on most countries, including large tariffs on major trading partners China, Canada, and Mexico.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-507) He started a global trade war, imposing tariffs at the highest level since the 1930 [Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoot%E2%80%93Hawley_Tariff_Act "Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act") at the onset of the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression").[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-508)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-509) In February 2026, the Supreme Court ruled the tariffs he imposed under the [International Emergency Economic Powers Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act "International Emergency Economic Powers Act") to be illegal.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-510) Trump frequently threatened and enacted tariffs against treaty allies for opposing his political objectives.[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-511)[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-512)
In Latin America, Trump pursued legally controversial military strikes against [alleged drug boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") in international waters,[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-513) and ordered [a large military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Caribbean_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military buildup in the Caribbean during Operation Southern Spear").[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-514) In November 2025, Trump pardoned former Honduran president [Juan Orlando Hernández](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Orlando_Hern%C3%A1ndez "Juan Orlando Hernández"), who had been extradited to the U.S. in 2022 and sentenced to 45 years in prison for drug trafficking. In January 2026, the U.S. captured Venezuelan president [Nicolás Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "Nicolás Maduro") in [a military raid in Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_strikes_in_Venezuela#Capture_of_Maduro "2026 United States strikes in Venezuela") and took him to New York, where he was charged with drug trafficking.[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-515)
In 2025, Trump [threatened the annexation of Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis"), including by military force or the imposition of tariffs on European allies. In January 2026, he appeared to withdraw both threats, stating that he had reached "the framework of a future deal" with NATO.[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-516)
### Personnel (2025–present)
Main articles: [Political appointments of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the second Trump administration") and [Second cabinet of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump")
In his second term, Trump selected [cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") members with personal loyalty to him,[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-517)[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-focus-518) with the "focus on loyalty over subject-matter expertise".[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-focus-518) In February 2025, the White House stated that [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") was a [special government employee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_government_employee "Special government employee").[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-musk-519) Trump gave Musk's [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE) access to many federal government agencies.[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-musk-519) Musk's teams operated in eighteen departments and agencies in the administration's first month,[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-520) including in the Treasury Department's \$5 trillion payment system,[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-521) the [Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Business_Administration "Small Business Administration"), the [Office of Personnel Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management "Office of Personnel Management"), and the [General Services Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Services_Administration "General Services Administration").[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-522)
## Political practice and rhetoric
Main articles: [Political positions of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") and [Rhetoric of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump")
Starting with his advocacy of [birther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birther "Birther") conspiracy theories in the 2010s, Trump helped bring once-fringe far-right ideas and organizations into the mainstream.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-523) The [alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") movement coalesced around and supported his candidacy due in part to [opposition to multiculturalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_multiculturalism "Opposition to multiculturalism") and [immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration "Opposition to immigration").[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-524)[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-525)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-526) During his 2016 campaign, Trump's politics and rhetoric led to the formation of a [political movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_movement "Political movement") known as [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"),[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-527) which has been [compared to a cult of personality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism#Cult_of_personality "Trumpism").[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-528) His political positions have been described as [populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populist "Populist")[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024298-529)[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbinati2019-530) or [right-wing populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_populist "Right-wing populist"),[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022-531)[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-532) and favoring an expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory").[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-533)[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-534)
Many of his actions and rhetoric have been described as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian") and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"),[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerTowler2019505;_513-535)[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanHaggard2019-536)[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024300"Donald_Trump_is_broadly_seen_as_posing_an_existential_threat_to_American_democracy."-537) as well as establishing an ["us versus them" narrative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-group_and_out-group "In-group and out-group").[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024299-538) Trump's rhetoric has been described as using [fearmongering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearmongering "Fearmongering") and [demagogy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagogy "Demagogy") which [intensified during his 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Fearmongering "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign").[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-539) He appeals to [evangelical Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism#Christian_Trumpism "Trumpism") and [Christian nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_nationalism_in_the_United_States "Christian nationalism in the United States"),[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021229Christian_nationalist_ideology_was_among_the_strongest_predictors_of_Americans_voting_for_Trump_in_2016_and_remained_a_strong_predictor_of_intent_to_vote_for_him_prior_to_the_2020_election-540)[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-541) and regularly vilifies his political opponents as "evil".[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-542)
### Racial and gender views
Main articles: [Racial views of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") and [Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations")
Many of Trump's comments and actions have been characterized as racist.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-543) Several studies and surveys found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascent and were more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-544) He explicitly and routinely disparages racial, religious, and ethnic minorities,[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens-Dougan2021302-545) and scholars consistently find that racist and [Islamophobic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobic "Islamophobic") attitudes regarding blacks, immigrants, and Muslims are strong indicators of support for Trump.[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTELajevardiOskooii2018-546)[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman202176-547)
Trump has been accused of racism[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-548) for running full-page newspaper advertisements and insisting that a group of five black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [Central Park jogger case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case "Central Park jogger case"), even after they were cleared of suspicion in 2002.[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-549) Trump's comments on the 2017 [Unite the Right rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally "Unite the Right rally"), condemning "this egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides" and stating that there were "very fine people on both sides", were criticized as implying a [moral equivalence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_equivalence "Moral equivalence") between the [white supremacist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacist "White supremacist") demonstrators and the counter-protesters.[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-550) In a January 2018 discussion of immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries",[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-551) remarks condemned as racist.[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-552) In July 2019, a House of Representatives [resolution condemned Trump for racist remarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump#Democratic_congresswomen_should_"go_back"_to_their_countries "Racial views of Donald Trump") about four minority Democratic congresswomen.[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-553) His 2024 campaign made extensive use of [dehumanizing language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehumanization "Dehumanization") and [racial stereotypes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_stereotypes "Racial stereotypes").[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-554)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_\(49964153176\).jpg)
With a group of officials and advisors walking from the White House to St. John's Church, following the [forced removal of protesters at Lafayette Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church#Clearing_Lafayette_Square_and_St._John's "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church")
In June 2020, during the [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests"), federal law-enforcement officials used tear gas and other crowd control tactics to remove a largely peaceful crowd of lawful protesters from [Lafayette Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C. "Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C."), outside the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House").[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-wb-555)[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-bumpline-556) Trump then [posed with a Bible for a photo op](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") at the nearby [St. John's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square "St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square"),[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-wb-555)[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-557)[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-558) with religious leaders condemning both the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-559)
Trump has a history of belittling women when speaking to the media and on social media.[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotheCollins2019-560)[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shear-561) He made lewd comments, disparaged women's physical appearances, and referred to them using derogatory epithets.[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shear-561) In October 2016, a 2005 "[hot mic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_mic "Hot mic")" recording surfaced in which [he bragged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") about kissing and groping women without their consent, saying that, "when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. ... Grab 'em by the [pussy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pussy#Female_genitalia "Pussy")."[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-562) He characterized the comments as "locker-room talk".[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-563)[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-564) The incident's widespread media exposure led to his first public apology, videotaped during his 2016 presidential campaign.[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-565) As of 2020, 26 women have publicly [accused him of sexual misconduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations"), including rape, kissing without consent, groping, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked teenage pageant contestants. He has denied the allegations.[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-no26-566)
### Link to violence and hate crimes
Further information: [Rhetoric of Donald Trump § Violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump#Violence "Rhetoric of Donald Trump")
Trump has been identified as a key figure in increasing political violence in the U.S., both for and against him.[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-567)[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTENacosShapiroBloch-Elkon2020-568)[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiazzaVan_Doren2022-569) He is described as embracing extremism, [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") such as [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon"), and far-right [militia movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement") to a greater extent than any other modern American president.[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-570)[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-571)
Research suggests that Trump's rhetoric is associated with an increased incidence of hate crimes,[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-572)[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-573) and that he has an emboldening effect on expressing prejudicial attitudes due to his normalization of explicit racial rhetoric.[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens-Dougan2021306-574) Researchers have also argued that Trump's "negative characterisations of, and false claims made about, those who became the targets" of the mob at the January 6 riot was a case of [stochastic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_terrorism "Stochastic terrorism").[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-575)[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-576) Numerous defendants investigated or prosecuted for violent acts and hate crimes cited his rhetoric in arguing that they were not culpable or should receive leniency.[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-577)[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-578) A nationwide review by [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") in May 2020 identified at least 54 criminal cases, from August 2015 to April 2020, in which he was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence mostly by white men and primarily against minorities.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-579) Trump's refusal to condemn the white supremacist [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") during a 2020 presidential debate[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-580) and his comment, "Proud Boys, stand back and stand by", were said to have led to increased recruitment for the pro-Trump group.[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-581) Counterterrorism researchers described his normalization and [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the January 6 Capitol attack, and [grant of clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), as encouraging future political violence.[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-582)[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-583)
### False or misleading statements and conspiracy theories
Main articles: [False or misleading statements by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") and [List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png)
[Fact-checkers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checkers "Fact-checkers") from *The Washington Post*,[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-database-584) the *Toronto Star*,[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-585) and CNN[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-586) compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background) and "false claims" (violet foreground).
Trump frequently makes false statements in public remarks,[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-finnegan-587)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-whoppers-125) to an extent that was unprecedented in American politics.[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-finnegan-587)[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-glasser-588)[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Konnikova-589) His false and misleading statements were documented by [fact-checkers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checker "Fact-checker"), including at *The Washington Post*, which tallied 30,573 false or misleading statements made by him during his first presidency,[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-database-584) increasing in frequency over time.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TermUntruth-590) His falsehoods are a distinctive part of his political identity[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-glasser-588) and have been described as [firehosing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehosing "Firehosing").[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKakutani201894%E2%80%93104-591)
During the first 100 days of his second term, Trump relied on false, misleading, and exaggerated claims to justify his executive actions and policies.[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-592) Throughout the first year of the term, he continued to make untrue statements as frequently as before but with less variety while increasing the frequency of repeating a "core set" of falsehoods. [\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-593)
Some of Trump's falsehoods were inconsequential,[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-594)[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-595) while others had more far-reaching effects, such as his unproven promotion of antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID-19,[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-596)[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-597) contributing to a U.S. shortage of these drugs and [panic buying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_buying "Panic buying") in Africa and South Asia.[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-598)[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-599) His attacks on mail-in ballots and other election practices weakened public faith in the integrity of the 2020 presidential election,[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-600)[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-601) while his disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic delayed and weakened the national response to it.[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-602)[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-USAT-Disinfo-603)[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-604) He habitually does not apologize for his falsehoods.[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-605) Until 2018, the media rarely referred to his falsehoods as lies, including when he repeated demonstrably false statements.[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-606)[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-DBauder-607)[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-608)
Since before his first presidency, Trump has [promoted numerous conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump"). In 2011, Trump became the leading proponent of the racist ["birther" conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories") that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States,[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-609) and he claimed credit for pressuring the government to publish Obama's birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent.[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-610) In September 2016, he publicly acknowledged [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")'s birthplace and falsely claimed that the rumors had been started by [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") during her [2008 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign,_2008 "Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008").[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-611) Trump often prefaced his conspiracies by claiming he heard them from someone else,[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Haberman2016-612) and promoted conspiracies such as [climate change denial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_denial "Climate change denial"), [alleged Ukrainian interference in U.S. elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "Conspiracy theories related to the 2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal"), and [vaccines and autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism "Vaccines and autism").[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Haberman2016-612)[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-613)[\[612\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-614) After the 2020 presidential election, he promoted conspiracy theories for his defeat that were characterized as "[the big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie_\(2020_United_States_presidential_election\) "Big lie (2020 United States presidential election)")".[\[613\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-615)[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-616)
### Relationship with news media
Main article: [Donald Trump's conflict with the news media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_news_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the news media")
In the 2016 campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage,[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-617) estimated at \$2 billion.[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-618) As a candidate and as president, he frequently accused the press of bias, calling it the "fake news media" and "the [enemy of the people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people "Enemy of the people")".[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-619)
The first Trump presidency reduced formal press briefings from about one hundred in 2017 to two by 2019 and revoked the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-620) By 2024, Trump repeatedly voiced support for [outlawing political dissent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminalization_of_dissent "Criminalization of dissent") and criticism,[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-621) and said that reporters should be prosecuted for not divulging confidential sources and media companies should possibly lose their broadcast licenses for unfavorable coverage of him.[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-622)
In his second term, Trump's actions against the media were unprecedented in modern American history,[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-623) and historians described them as mirroring actions by authoritarian leaders to censor political opponents and negatively impacting the [freedom of speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech "Freedom of speech") and [free press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_press "Free press").[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-624)[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-625) The campaign to police speech drew comparisons to [cancel culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancel_culture "Cancel culture"), government [censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship "Censorship"), and [McCarthyism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism "McCarthyism").[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-626)[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-627)[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-628) The [Federal Communications Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission "Federal Communications Commission") launched investigations into media outlets accused of bias against him.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-629) As a result of Trump's threats, media executives instructed journalists and their staff to [self-censor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-censor "Self-censor") and reduce criticism of Trump.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-630) Many have characterized Trump as causing a significant decline in [freedom of the press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press "Freedom of the press"), including journalist advocacy groups[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FerragamoCFR2025-631)[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-RSFUnitedStates2025-632)[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CPJPressFreedomUS-633)[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-634) and academic sources.[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-635)[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-636)[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-637)
### Social media
Main articles: [Social media use by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") and [Twitter use by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump")
During Trump's first term, he often used Twitter to communicate directly with the public and sideline the press.[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-gone-638) After years of criticism for allowing Trump to post misinformation and falsehoods, Twitter began to tag some of his tweets with fact-checks in May 2020.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-639) Twitter banned him after the January 6 attack.[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-640) He was banned from [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram"), Twitter, and other platforms after the January 6 attack.[\[639\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-641) The loss of his social media presence diminished his ability to shape events[\[640\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-642)[\[641\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-643) and correlated with a dramatic decrease in the volume of misinformation on Twitter.[\[642\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-644) In February 2022, he launched social media platform [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") where he attracted a fraction of his Twitter following.[\[643\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-645) Twitter reinstated his account in November 2022.[\[644\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-646)[\[645\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-647) The two-year ban at [Meta Platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms") lapsed in January 2023, allowing him to return to Facebook and Instagram.[\[646\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-648)
## Assessments
### Public image
Main articles: [Public image of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") and [Opinion polling on the first Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the first Trump presidency")
In Trump's first term, from 2017 to 2021, international approval ratings of U.S. leadership dropped from about 22 percent in a [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc.") poll[\[647\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-649) of 134 countries to 16 percent—lower than China's [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") and Russia's [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin")—in a [Pew Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research "Pew Research") poll[\[648\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-650) of 13 countries. In 2017, estimation of U.S. leadership declined most among allies.[\[649\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-651) Domestically, Trump had chiefly partisan support: 88 percent among Republicans and 7 percent among Democrats.[\[650\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jones-652) In a 2021 Gallup poll, he was the only president never to reach a 50 percent approval rating, and he was the first not to be named most admired in his first year in office.[\[651\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-653)
### Scholarly rankings
Further information: [Historical rankings of presidents of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States")
After Trump's first term, [historians ranked Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#2021_C-SPAN "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States") as the fourth-worst president in [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN")'s 2021 survey of presidential historians.[\[652\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-654) He rated lowest in the leadership characteristics categories for moral authority and administrative skills.[\[653\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-655)[\[654\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-656) The [Siena College Research Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute "Siena College Research Institute")'s 2022 survey [ranked him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#2022_Siena_College "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States") third-worst. He was ranked near the bottom in all categories except for luck, willingness to take risks, and party leadership, and ranked last in several categories.[\[655\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-scri_22-657) In 2018 and 2024, the [American Political Science Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association "American Political Science Association") ranked him the worst president.[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-658)[\[657\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-659)
## Personal life
### Family
Main article: [Trump family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg)
Trump (rightmost) and his wife Ivana at a 1985 state dinner for King [Fahd of Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia "Fahd of Saudi Arabia") with President [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") and First Lady [Nancy Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan "Nancy Reagan")
In 1977, Trump married [Ivana Zelníčková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1 "Ivana Zelníčková").[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-660) They had three children: [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Jr. "Donald Jr.") (b. 1977), [Ivanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") (b. 1981), and [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") (b. 1984). Ivana played a crucial role in generating the "fawning press coverage" that shaped Trump's public image as a real estate mogul.[\[659\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-661) The couple divorced in 1990, following his affair with model and actress [Marla Maples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples "Marla Maples").[\[660\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-662) He and Maples married in 1993 and divorced in 1999. They have one daughter, [Tiffany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") (b. 1993), whom Maples raised in California.[\[661\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-663) In 2005, he married Slovenian model [Melania Knauss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Knauss "Melania Knauss").[\[662\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017266-664) They have one son, [Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") (b. 2006).[\[663\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-665)
### Wealth
Main article: [Wealth of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1982-_Net_worth_of_Donald_Trump.svg)
Trump's net worth over time, as estimated by *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*[\[664\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes1982--666)[\[665\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes2001--667)
Trump has said he began his career with "a small loan of a million dollars" from his father and that he had to pay it back with interest.[\[666\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-668) He borrowed at least \$60 million from his father, largely did not repay the loans, and received another \$413 million (2018 equivalent, adjusted for inflation) from his father's company.[\[667\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-669)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-36) Posing as a Trump Organization official named "[John Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barron_\(pseudonym\) "John Barron (pseudonym)")", Trump called journalist Jonathan Greenberg in 1984, trying to get a higher ranking on the [*Forbes* 400](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_400 "Forbes 400") list of wealthiest Americans.[\[668\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-670)
Trump self-reported his net worth over a wide range, from minus \$900 million in 1990,[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-broke-671) to \$10 billion in 2015.[\[670\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston202120-672) After his business bankruptcies in the 1990s, his lenders forgave more than 80% of his personal debt and allowed him to keep some of his real estate.[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-broke-671) In 2015, *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")* estimated his net worth at \$4.5 billion, based on interviews with more than 80 sources.[\[671\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-673) In 2026, the magazine set that number at \$6.5 billion and ranked him the 645th wealthiest person in the world.[\[672\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-674)
### Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein
Main article: [Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein")
Trump had a 15-year friendship with convicted sex offender [Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein "Jeffrey Epstein"). Persons who knew them at the time said they frequently "hit on" and competed for women.[\[673\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-675) Media attention and public pressure mounted in 2025, when his administration did not release [files relating to Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_files "Epstein files"), despite Trump's promise to do so during the 2024 campaign.[\[674\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-676) Some of the files were released in December 2025, mostly heavily redacted.[\[675\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-677) Roughly three million additional pages released in 2026 included approximately 38,000 references to Trump, his wife, Mar-a-Lago, and other Trump-related terms. References to Trump included "salacious information" and uncorroborated statements about him from witnesses in transcripts made over several decades.[\[676\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-678)
### Health
Main article: [Age and health concerns about Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump")
Trump says he has never drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs,[\[677\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-679)[\[678\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-680) and that he sleeps about four or five hours a night.[\[679\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-681)[\[680\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmondDu2020-682) He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", but usually does not walk the course.[\[681\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-683) He considers exercise a waste of energy, believing the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.[\[682\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-684)[\[683\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991133-685)
In 2015, his campaign released a letter from his longtime personal physician, [Harold Bornstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bornstein "Harold Bornstein"), stating that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dictation-686) In 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter and that three of Trump's agents had seized his medical records in a February 2017 raid on Bornstein's office.[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dictation-686)[\[685\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-687)
### Religion
Main article: [Donald Trump and religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion")
Trump called himself a [Presbyterian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian "Presbyterian") and a [Protestant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant "Protestant") in 2016.[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-688)[\[687\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-689) In 2020, he said he was a [nondenominational Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondenominational_Christian "Nondenominational Christian").[\[688\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-690) However, many have questioned the depth of these religious affiliations. A survey during his first presidency (2017–2021) showed that 63 percent of Americans did not believe that he was religious, despite professing a Christian affiliation, and that only 44 percent believed he was a Christian.[\[689\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-691) Some of Trump's comments on the Bible or Christian practice have led critical observers to suggest that his knowledge of Christianity is superficial or erroneous, and few biographers have described him as deeply or even particularly religious.[\[690\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-LATimes17-692)[\[691\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NPR16-693)
In his first term, Trump appointed his personal pastor[\[692\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-694) and spiritual advisor,[\[693\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-695) televangelist [Paula White-Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_White-Cain "Paula White-Cain"), to the White House [Office of Public Liaison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Public_Liaison "Office of Public Liaison").[\[694\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-696) During his second term, he appointed her as senior advisor of the newly created [White House Faith Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Faith_Office "White House Faith Office").[\[695\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-697)[\[696\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-698)
## See also
- [List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump")
- [Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump")
## Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-electoral-college_149-0)** Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided by the [Electoral College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College "United States Electoral College"). Each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") and (in most states) all electors vote for the winner of their state's popular vote.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-153)** A Republican president combined with Republican control of both chambers of Congress
## References
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201730,_37_1-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 30, 37.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017v_2-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. v.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-3)**
Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). ["Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It"](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202430%E2%80%9331_4-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), pp. 30–31.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201733,_38,_45_5-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 33, 38, 45.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202466_6-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), p. 66.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201742_7-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 42.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201745%E2%80%9347_8-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 45–47.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202499_9-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), p. 99.
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747%E2%80%9350_10-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 47–50.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747_11-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 47.
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-12)**
Selk, Avi (May 20, 2018). ["It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and nearly had to go to war"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*.
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-2) [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 75.
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201748_14-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 48.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201750%E2%80%9351_15-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 50–51.
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201752%E2%80%9353_16-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 52–53.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201676_17-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 76.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51_18-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51_18-1) [O'Brien 2005a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFO'Brien2005a), p. 51.
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201679_19-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 79.
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201759_20-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 59.
21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015250_21-0)** [Blair 2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBlair2015), p. 250.
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201681_22-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 81.
23. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016126_23-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 126.
24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Mahler2016Cohn_24-0)**
Mahler, Jonathan; Flegenheimer, Matt (June 20, 2016). ["What Donald Trump Learned From Joseph McCarthy's Right-Hand Man"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
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26. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-inflation-US_26-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-inflation-US_26-1)
1634–1699:
[McCusker, J. J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker "John J. McCusker") (1997). [*How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda*](https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf) (PDF). [American Antiquarian Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society "American Antiquarian Society").
1700–1799:
[McCusker, J. J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker "John J. McCusker") (1992). [*How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States*](https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf) (PDF). [American Antiquarian Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society "American Antiquarian Society").
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29. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston201645%E2%80%9346_29-0)** [Johnston 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFJohnston2016), pp. 45–46.
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[Brenner, Marie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Brenner "Marie Brenner") (June 28, 2017). ["How Donald Trump and Roy Cohn's Ruthless Symbiosis Changed America"](https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship). *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")*. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
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32. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-usat-lawsuits_32-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-usat-lawsuits_32-1)
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36. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Tax_Schemes_36-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Tax_Schemes_36-1)
[Barstow, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barstow "David Barstow"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig"); [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner") (October 2, 2018). ["Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
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527. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024298_529-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 298.
528. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrbinati2019_530-0)** [Urbinati 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFUrbinati2019).
529. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022_531-0)** [Campani et al. 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFCampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022).
530. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-532)**
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531. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-533)**
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533. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerTowler2019505;_513_535-0)** [Parker & Towler 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFParkerTowler2019), p. 505; 513.
534. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmanHaggard2019_536-0)** [Kaufman & Haggard 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKaufmanHaggard2019).
535. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024300"Donald_Trump_is_broadly_seen_as_posing_an_existential_threat_to_American_democracy."_537-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 300, "Donald Trump is broadly seen as posing an existential threat to American democracy.".
536. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024299_538-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 299.
537. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-539)**
[Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (September 11, 2024). ["'The End of Our Country': Trump Paints Dark Picture at Debate"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/11/us/politics/trump-debate-dark-picture.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
538. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021229Christian_nationalist_ideology_was_among_the_strongest_predictors_of_Americans_voting_for_Trump_in_2016_and_remained_a_strong_predictor_of_intent_to_vote_for_him_prior_to_the_2020_election_540-0)** [Perry, Whitehead & Grubbs 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021), p. 229, Christian nationalist ideology was among the strongest predictors of Americans voting for Trump in 2016 and remained a strong predictor of intent to vote for him prior to the 2020 election.
539. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-541)**
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544. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELajevardiOskooii2018_546-0)** [Lajevardi & Oskooii 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFLajevardiOskooii2018).
545. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman202176_547-0)** [Berman 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBerman2021), p. 76.
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567. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiazzaVan_Doren2022_569-0)** [Piazza & Van Doren 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFPiazzaVan_Doren2022).
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[Barron, James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barron_\(journalist\) "James Barron (journalist)") (December 12, 1990). ["Trumps Get Divorce; Next, Who Gets What?"](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/12/nyregion/trumps-get-divorce-next-who-gets-what.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
661. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-663)**
Hafner, Josh (July 19, 2016). ["Get to know Donald's other daughter: Tiffany Trump"](https://usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/07/19/who-is-tiffany-trump/87321708/). *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
662. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017266_664-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 266.
663. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-665)**
["Donald Trump Fast Facts"](https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. July 2, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
664. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Forbes1982-_666-0)**
Source for years 1982–2000:
Alexander, Dan (October 3, 2023). ["Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth"](https://web.archive.org/web/20231110003952/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/) on November 10, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2026.
Data is not available for 1990 through 1995 because Trump was not included in the [*Forbes* 400](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_400 "Forbes 400") list.
665. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Forbes2001-_667-0)**
Source for years 2001–2026:
Alexander, Dan; Khan-Mullins, Kyle (March 25, 2026). ["Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*.
666. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-668)**
Stump, Scott (October 26, 2015). ["Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of \$1 million to get started"](https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
667. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-669)**
[Barstow, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barstow "David Barstow"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig"); [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner") (October 2, 2018). ["11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation into Trump's Wealth"](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
668. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-670)**
Stracqualursi, Veronica (April 20, 2018). ["Ex-Forbes reporter says Trump posed as executive, lied to him to crack Forbes 400 list"](https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/trump-forbes-400-list-cnntv/). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved December 25, 2024.
669. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-broke_671-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-broke_671-1)
Hilzenrath, David S.; Singletary, Michelle (November 29, 1992). ["Trump went broke, but stayed on top"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/29/trump-went-broke-but-stayed-on-top/e1685555-1de7-400c-99a8-9cd9c0bca9fe/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
670. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston202120_672-0)** [Johnston 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFJohnston2021), p. 20.
671. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-673)**
Lane, Randall (September 29, 2015). ["Inside The Epic Fantasy That's Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/randalllane/2015/09/29/inside-the-epic-fantasy-thats-driven-donald-trump-for-33-years/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
672. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-674)**
Peterson-Withorn, Chase; Chung, Grace; Durot, Matt (2026). ["Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2026"](https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
– Scroll down and enter "trump" in the search box.
673. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-675)**
Feuer, Alan; Goldstein, Matthew (July 19, 2025). ["Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/19/us/politics/inside-trump-epstein-friendship.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
674. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-676)**
Bisset, Victoria; Wells, Dylan (August 2, 2025). ["A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/24/trump-jeffrey-epstein-relationship-controversy-timeline/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
675. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-677)**
Feuer, Alan (December 20, 2025). ["6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/19/us/politics/epstein-files-takeaways.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved December 20, 2025.
676. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-678)**
Eder, Steve; [Bender, Michael C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Bender "Michael C. Bender"); [Enrich, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Enrich "David Enrich") (February 1, 2026). ["How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/us/trump-epstein-files.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 6, 2026.
677. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-679)**
[Nagourney, Adam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Nagourney "Adam Nagourney") (October 30, 2020). ["In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President"](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/us/trump-biden-alcohol.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
678. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-680)**
[Parker, Ashley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Parker "Ashley Parker"); [Rucker, Philip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Rucker "Philip Rucker") (October 2, 2018). ["Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: 'He doesn't like drinkers.'"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kavanaugh-likes-beer--but-trump-is-a-teetotaler-he-doesnt-like-drinkers/2018/10/02/783f585c-c674-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
679. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-681)**
Dangerfield, Katie (January 17, 2018). ["Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he's not the only famous 'short sleeper'"](https://globalnews.ca/news/3970379/donald-trump-sleep-hours-night/). *[Global News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_News "Global News")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
680. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmondDu2020_682-0)** [Almond & Du 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFAlmondDu2020).
681. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-683)**
Ballengee, Ryan (July 14, 2018). ["Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry"](https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/). *Golf News Net*. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
682. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-684)**
Rettner, Rachael (May 14, 2017). ["Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's 'finite' energy"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
683. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991133_685-0)** [O'Donnell & Rutherford 1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991), p. 133.
684. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-dictation_686-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-dictation_686-1)
Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (May 1, 2018). ["Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter"](https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
685. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-687)**
Schecter, Anna (May 1, 2018). ["Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351). *[NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News")*. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
686. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-688)**
Campbell, Colin (January 23, 2016). ["Trump: If I'm president, 'Christianity will have power' in the US"](https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-christianity-merry-christmas-2016-1). *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
687. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-689)**
Engel, Pamela (June 8, 2016). ["Trump on God: 'Hopefully I won't have to be asking for much forgiveness'"](https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-on-god-jesus-2016-6). *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
688. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-690)**
Jenkins, Jack; Mwaura, Maina (October 24, 2020). ["Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as 'non-denominational Christian'"](https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/10/24/trump-confirmed-presbyterian-now-identifies-non-denominational). *[America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_\(magazine\) "America (magazine)")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
689. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-691)**
Fahmy, Dalia (March 25, 2020). ["Most Americans don't see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he's Christian"](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/25/most-americans-dont-see-trump-as-religious/). [Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center"). Retrieved April 21, 2023.
690. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-LATimes17_692-0)**
Friedman, Ann (April 19, 2017). ["Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares?"](https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-friedman-trump-religion-20170419-story.html). *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")*. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
691. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NPR16_693-0)**
Taylor, Jessica (January 18, 2016). ["Citing 'Two Corinthians,' Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals"](https://www.npr.org/2016/01/18/463528847/citing-two-corinthians-trump-struggles-to-make-the-sale-to-evangelicals). *[NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")*. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
692. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-694)**
[Peters, Jeremy W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_W._Peters "Jeremy W. Peters"); Dias, Elizabeth (November 2, 2019). ["Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor"](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
693. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-695)**
Shellnut, Faith (February 10, 2025). ["Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office"](https://www.christianitytoday.com/2019/11/white-house-appoints-paula-white-to-oversee-faith-outreach/). *[Christianity Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_Today "Christianity Today")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
694. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-696)**
[Peters, Jeremy W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_W._Peters "Jeremy W. Peters"); [Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (October 31, 2019). ["Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House"](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
695. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-697)**
Gabbatt, Adam (April 5, 2025). ["'False teacher': Trump's pick to head the 'White House faith office' roils some fellow Christians"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/05/paula-white-faith-office-trump). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
696. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-698)**
Bridges, C. A.; Walker, Diamond (February 20, 2025). ["Trump's new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White"](https://palmbeachpost.com/story/news/trump/2025/02/20/pastor-paula-white-facts-trumps-head-white-house-faith-office/78604425007/). *[The Palm Beach Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palm_Beach_Post "The Palm Beach Post")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
## Works cited
### Books
- [Barrett, Wayne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Barrett "Wayne Barrett") (2016) \[1992\]. *Trump: The Greatest Show On Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention*. [Regan Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regan_Arts "Regan Arts"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-68245-079-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68245-079-6 "Special:BookSources/978-1-68245-079-6")
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- [Blair, Gwenda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenda_Blair "Gwenda Blair") (2015) \[2001\]. *[The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trumps:_Three_Generations_That_Built_an_Empire "The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire")*. [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-5011-3936-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9")
.
- [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig") (2024). *[Lucky Loser: How Donald Trump Squandered His Father's Fortune And Created The Illusion of Success](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Loser_\(book\) "Lucky Loser (book)")*. [Penguin Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Press "Penguin Press"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-593-29864-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29864-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29864-0")
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- [D'Antonio, Michael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D%27Antonio "Michael D'Antonio") (2015). *Never enough : Donald Trump and the pursuit of success*. Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-250-04238-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-04238-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-250-04238-5")
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- [Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (2022). *[Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_Man:_The_Making_of_Donald_Trump_and_the_Breaking_of_America "Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America")*. Penguin Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-593-29734-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29734-6 "Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29734-6")
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- Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). [*Donald Trump in Historical Perspective*](https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey). Routledge. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4324/9781003110361-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-003-11036-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1 "Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1")
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- [Hurt III, Harry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Hurt_III "Harry Hurt III") (1993). *Lost Tycoon*. [W. W. Norton & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company "W. W. Norton & Company"). p. 447. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[0-393-03029-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03029-6 "Special:BookSources/0-393-03029-6")
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- [Johnston, David Cay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston "David Cay Johnston") (2016). *[The Making of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Making_of_Donald_Trump "The Making of Donald Trump")*. [Melville House Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_House_Publishing "Melville House Publishing"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-61219-658-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-658-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-658-9")
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- [Johnston, David Cay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston "David Cay Johnston") (2021). *The Big Cheat: How Donald Trump Fleeced America And Enriched Himself And His Family*. [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-9821-7804-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7804-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7804-8")
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- [Kakutani, Michiko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiko_Kakutani "Michiko Kakutani") (2018). ["The Firehose of Falsehood: Propaganda and Fake News"](https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94). *The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump*. [Crown/Archetype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown/Archetype "Crown/Archetype"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-525-57484-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57484-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57484-2")
.
- [Klein, Naomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Klein "Naomi Klein") (2017). *[No Is Not Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Is_Not_Enough "No Is Not Enough")*. [Penguin Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books "Penguin Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-14-198679-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198679-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198679-1")
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- [Kranish, Michael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kranish "Michael Kranish"); [Fisher, Marc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Fisher "Marc Fisher") (2017) \[2016\]. [*Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Revealed "Trump Revealed"). [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-5011-5652-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6")
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- [Meacham, Jon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Meacham "Jon Meacham") (2016). *[Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destiny_and_Power:_The_American_Odyssey_of_George_Herbert_Walker_Bush "Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush")*. [Random House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House "Random House"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8129-7947-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7947-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7947-3")
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- [O'Brien, Timothy L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_L._O%27Brien "Timothy L. O'Brien") (2005a). *TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald*. [Grand Central Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Central_Publishing "Grand Central Publishing"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-446-69617-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-69617-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-446-69617-3")
.
- O'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991). [*Trumped\!*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped!_\(book\) "Trumped! (book)"). Crossroad Press Trade Edition. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-946025-26-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-946025-26-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-946025-26-5")
.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFLopez2019)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFDesjardins2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFDawsey2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFStoddardMfula2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFWeaver2018b)
### Journals
- Adams, Kenneth Alan (Spring 2021). ["The Trump Death Cult"](https://www.proquest.com/openview/c5d4601ebe8dcb232f9ab2965e900d70/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35407). *[Journal of Psychohistory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Psychohistory "Journal of Psychohistory")*. **48** (4): 256–276\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0145-3378](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-3378). Retrieved February 22, 2026.
- Diamond, Michael J. (February 22, 2023). ["Perverted Containment: Trumpism, Cult Creation, and the Rise of Destructive American Populism"](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147). *Psychoanalytic Inquiry*. **43** (2). [Taylor & Francis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"): 96–109\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/07351690.2023.2163147](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07351690.2023.2163147). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0735-1690](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0735-1690). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241106102947/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147) from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
- Almond, Douglas; Du, Xinming (December 2020). ["Later bedtimes predict President Trump's performance"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518119). *[Economics Letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_Letters "Economics Letters")*. **197** 109590. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/j.econlet.2020.109590](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.econlet.2020.109590). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0165-1765](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-1765). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [7518119](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518119). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [33012904](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012904).
- [Berman, Sheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheri_Berman "Sheri Berman") (May 2021). ["The Causes of Populism in the West"](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-041719-102503). *Annual Review of Political Science*. **24**: 71–88\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102503](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-041719-102503). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1094-2939](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939).
- Campani, Giovanna; Concepción, Sunamis Fabelo; Soler, Angel Rodriguez; Savín, Claudia Sánchez (November 2, 2022). ["The Rise of Donald Trump Right-Wing Populism in the United States: Middle American Radicalism and Anti-Immigration Discourse"](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsoc12060154). *Societies*. **12** (6): 154. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.3390/soc12060154](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsoc12060154).
- Castañeda, Ernesto; Jenks, Daniel (April 17, 2023). Costa, Bruno Ferreira; Parton, Nigel (eds.). ["January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States"](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238). *Social Sciences*. **12** (4). [MDPI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDPI "MDPI"): 238–253\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.3390/socsci12040238](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2076-0760](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-0760).
- Edwards, Jason A. (2018). "Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World". *[Communication Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Quarterly "Communication Quarterly")*. **66** (2): 176. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/01463373.2018.1438485](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01463373.2018.1438485).
- Gaufman, Elizaveta; Ganesh, Bharath (2024). ["The Trump Carnival: Populism, Transgression and the Far Right Bias - Chapter 6: Laughing Culture"](https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783111238135-006). *De Gruyter Contemporary Social Sciences*. **35**: 69–70\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1515/9783111238135-006](https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783111238135-006).
- Goldsmith, Benajmin E.; Moen, Lars J. K. (May 14, 2024). ["The personality of a personality cult? Personality characteristics of Donald Trump's most loyal supporters"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pops.12991). *[Political Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Psychology "Political Psychology")*. **46** (Special Issue): 225–243\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/pops.12991](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpops.12991). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0162-895X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-895X). Retrieved February 22, 2026.
- [Johnson, Kevin R.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Johnson_\(academic\) "Kevin Johnson (academic)") (2017a). ["Immigration and civil rights in the Trump administration: Law and policy making by executive order"](https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/saclr57&div=21&id=&page=). *[Santa Clara Law Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Clara_Law_Review "Santa Clara Law Review")*. **57** (3): 611–665\.
- [Johnson, Kevin R.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Johnson_\(academic\) "Kevin Johnson (academic)"); Cuison-Villazor, Rose (May 2, 2019). ["The Trump Administration and the War on Immigration Diversity"](https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/wflr54§ion=21). *[Wake Forest Law Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Forest_Law_Review "Wake Forest Law Review")*. **54** (2): 575–616\.
- Kaufman, Robert R.; [Haggard, Stephan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephan_Haggard "Stephan Haggard") (2019). ["Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding?"](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592718003377). *[Perspectives on Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectives_on_Politics "Perspectives on Politics")*. **17** (2): 417–432\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1017/S1537592718003377](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592718003377). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [149457724](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149457724).
- Lajevardi, Nazita; Oskooii, Kassra A. R. (2018). "Old-Fashioned Racism, Contemporary Islamophobia, and the Isolation of Muslim Americans in the Age of Trump". *Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics*. **3** (1): 112–152\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1017/rep.2017.37](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Frep.2017.37).
- [McGurk, Brett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_McGurk "Brett McGurk") (January 22, 2020). ["The Cost of an Incoherent Foreign Policy: Trump's Iran Imbroglio Undermines U.S. Priorities Everywhere Else"](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2020-01-22/cost-incoherent-foreign-policy). *[Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs "Foreign Affairs")*.
- [Nacos, Brigitte L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte_L._Nacos "Brigitte L. Nacos"); [Shapiro, Robert Y.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Y._Shapiro "Robert Y. Shapiro"); Bloch-Elkon, Yaeli (2020). ["Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26940036). *[Perspectives on Terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectives_on_Terrorism "Perspectives on Terrorism")*. **14** (5): 2–25\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2334-3745](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2334-3745). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [26940036](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26940036). Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- O'Brien, Shannon (July 22, 2020). ["Donald Trump and the Kayfabe Presidency - Wrestling with the Presidency: How Donald Trump Uses Wrestling and Theatrical Tactics in the Public Sphere"](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-50551-6_3). *Rhetoric, Politics and Society*: 39–58\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/978-3-030-50551-6\_3](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-50551-6_3).
- Parker, Christopher Sebastian; Towler, Christopher C. (May 2019). ["Race and Authoritarianism in American Politics"](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-050317-064519). *[Annual Review of Political Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Political_Science "Annual Review of Political Science")*. **22**: 503–519\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-064519](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-050317-064519). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1094-2939](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939).
- [Perry, Samuel L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_L._Perry "Samuel L. Perry"); Whitehead, Andrew L.; Grubbs, Joshua B. (April 21, 2021). ["The Devil That You Know: Christian Nationalism and Intent to Change One's Voting Behavior For or Against Trump in 2020"](https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S175504832100002X/type/journal_article). *Politics and Religion*. **15** (2): 229–246\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1017/S175504832100002X](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS175504832100002X). [hdl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_\(identifier\) "Hdl (identifier)"):[11244/334967](https://hdl.handle.net/11244%2F334967).
- Piazza, James; Van Doren, Natalia (October 8, 2022). ["It's About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333664). *[American Politics Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Politics_Research "American Politics Research")*. **51** (3): 299–314\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1177/1532673X221131561](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1532673X221131561). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1532-673X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1532-673X). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [12333664](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333664). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [40787175](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40787175).
- [Pion-Berlin, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Pion-Berlin "David Pion-Berlin"); Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. Jr. (April 7, 2022). ["The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations"](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13). *[Government and Opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_and_Opposition "Government and Opposition")*. FirstView (4): 789–806\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1017/gov.2022.13](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [248033246](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248033246).
- Reyes, Antonio (May 4, 2020). ["I, Trump The cult of personality, anti-intellectualism and the Post-Truth era"](https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.20002.rey). *Journal of Language and Politics*. **19** (6): 869–892\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1075/jlp.20002.rey](https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjlp.20002.rey). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1569-2159](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1569-2159). Retrieved February 22, 2026.
- Rothe, Dawn L.; Collins, Victoria E. (November 17, 2019). "Turning Back the Clock? Violence against Women and the Trump Administration". *Victims & Offenders*. **14** (8): 965–978\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/15564886.2019.1671284](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15564886.2019.1671284).
- Ross, Bertrall L. (July 1, 2024). ["Polarization, Populism, and the Crisis of American Democracy"](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-lawsocsci-041922-035113). *[Annual Review of Law and Social Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Law_and_Social_Science "Annual Review of Law and Social Science")*. **20**: 293–308\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041922-035113](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-lawsocsci-041922-035113).
- [Schaffner, Brian F.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Schaffner "Brian Schaffner"); Macwilliams, Matthew; Nteta, Tatishe (March 2018). ["Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism"](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpolq.12737). *[Political Science Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly "Political Science Quarterly")*. **133** (1): 9–34\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1002/polq.12737](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpolq.12737).
- Stephens-Dougan, LaFluer (May 2021). ["The Persistence of Racial Cues and Appeals in American Elections"](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-082619-015522). *[Annual Review of Political Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Political_Science "Annual Review of Political Science")*. **24**: 301–320\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1146/annurev-polisci-082619-015522](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-082619-015522). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1094-2939](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939).
- Sundahl, Anne-Mette Holmgård (May 4, 2022). ["Personality Cult or a Mere Matter of Popularity?"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066393). *[International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Journal_of_Politics,_Culture,_and_Society "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society")*. **36** (4): 431–458\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s10767-022-09423-0](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10767-022-09423-0). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [9066393](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066393). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [35528318](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35528318).
- [Urbinati, Nadia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Urbinati "Nadia Urbinati") (May 2019). ["Political Theory of Populism"](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753). *[Annual Review of Political Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Political_Science "Annual Review of Political Science")*. **22**: 111–127\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-050317-070753). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1094-2939](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939). Retrieved December 20, 2024.
## Further reading
- [Books credited to Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump#Credited_to_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
- [Books about Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump#About_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
## External links
[Library resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library "Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library") about
**Donald Trump**
***
- [Resources in your library](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump)
- [Resources in other libraries](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0)
**By Donald Trump**
- [Resources in your library](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump)
- [Resources in other libraries](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0)
- [Archive of Donald Trump's tweets](https://www.thetrumparchive.com/) (Enter 2021-01-09 into the **End Date** field to view tweets from before the suspension.)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump "Template:Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump "Template talk:Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump")[Donald Trump]() | |
|---|---|
| [45th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") (2017–2021) and [47th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") (2025–present) [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
| Life and politics | |
| | |
| [Early life and education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_education_of_Donald_Trump "Early life and education of Donald Trump") [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace") [Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas "Shield of the Americas") ([United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")) [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)")* [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors and awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Makeup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeup_of_Donald_Trump "Makeup of Donald Trump") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Relationship to fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Relationship to antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of political endorsements by Donald Trump") [False or misleading statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") [first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [between terms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(between_terms\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (between terms)") [second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)") [promotion of conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump "Timeline of protests against Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Age and health concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") | |
| [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") | [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [business projects in Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") |
| [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") | [2016 Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [July 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [raised-fist photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks") [September 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Routh "Ryan Routh") |
| [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") | |
| | |
| Children | [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Tiffany Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") [Barron Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") |
| [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") (wife) [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") (father) [Mary Anne MacLeod Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump "Mary Anne MacLeod Trump") (mother) [Maryanne Trump Barry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry "Maryanne Trump Barry") (sister) [Fred Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr.") (brother) [Robert Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trump "Robert Trump") (brother) [Frederick Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Trump "Frederick Trump") (grandfather) [Elizabeth Christ Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump "Elizabeth Christ Trump") (grandmother) [John G. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Trump "John G. Trump") (uncle) [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump") (niece) [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III") (nephew) [John W. Walter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Walter "John W. Walter") (cousin) | |
| Campaigns | |
| | |
| [2000 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") "[Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again")" [hat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again#MAGA_hat "Make America Great Again") [Republican opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Accountability "Republican Accountability") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Mitt Romney speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech "Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* recording](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") "[Kamala is for they/them](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them "Kamala is for they/them")" (attack ad) [Trump Bible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible "God Bless the U.S.A. Bible") "[God Bless the U.S.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A. "God Bless the U.S.A.")" (campaign song) "[Y.M.C.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y.M.C.A._\(song\) "Y.M.C.A. (song)")" (campaign song) | |
| [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Links between campaign officials and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") | [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") [Tulsa rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tulsa_Trump_rally "2020 Tulsa Trump rally") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [attempts to overturn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro#Legal_work "Kenneth Chesebro") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") |
| [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| Legal affairs | [FBI investigation into handling of government documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") [Gulf of Mexico naming controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico_naming_controversy "Gulf of Mexico naming controversy") [New York investigations of the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [civil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization") [criminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization#Criminal_investigation "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") *[Carroll v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump")* [*Trump v. United States* (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") State prosecutions [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") Federal prosecution [classified documents case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [election obstruction case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Trump mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States "Trump v. United States")* |
| Related | [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") "[Best Sex I've Ever Had](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Sex_I%27ve_Ever_Had "Best Sex I've Ever Had")" [Trump dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_dance "Trump dance") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [in music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music "Donald Trump in music") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [85-15 Wareham Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump#Queens "Residences of Donald Trump") [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") [penthouse apartment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_penthouse_of_Donald_Trump "Trump Tower penthouse of Donald Trump") [Bedminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster") [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") *[The Visionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visionary "The Visionary")* [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") Social media [media use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [Feud with Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud "Trump–Musk feud") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") *[Real News Update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_News_Update "Real News Update")* *[covfefe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covfefe "Covfefe")* [Donald J. Trump State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_State_Park "Donald J. Trump State Park") [Nicknames used](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Trump Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Force_One "Trump Force One") [Trump derangement syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") [Fort Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Trump "Fort Trump") [Official portraits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump "Official portraits of Donald Trump") Support groups [Bikers for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikers_for_Trump "Bikers for Trump") [Blacks for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_the_Black_Man "Michael the Black Man") [Black Voices for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Voices_for_Trump "Black Voices for Trump") [Gays for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Trump "Gays for Trump") [Trumpettes USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpettes_USA "Trumpettes USA") [Women for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_for_Trump "Women for Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [Wikipedia coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump "Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump") |
| **[← Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")** **[← Joe Biden →](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden")**  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump "Category:Donald Trump") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template:First presidency of Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump")[First presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") | |
|---|---|
| General | [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the first Trump administration") [ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of ambassadors appointed in the first Trump presidency") [U.S. attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump") [Pence vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Mike_Pence "Vice presidency of Mike Pence") [Economic advisors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump "List of economic advisors to Donald Trump") [Withdrawn appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn "List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn") [Short-tenure appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments "List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments") [Dismissals and resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dismissals_and_resignations_in_the_first_Trump_administration "List of dismissals and resignations in the first Trump administration") [attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys "2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys") [Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey "Dismissal of James Comey") [inspectors general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_dismissals_of_inspectors_general "2020 dismissals of inspectors general") [Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the first Trump presidency") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency") Impeachments [efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [impeachment inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [first impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [first trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [second trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") [Opinion polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the first Trump presidency") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2017 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2018 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2019 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the first Trump presidency") [Joe Arpaio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio "Pardon of Joe Arpaio") [commutation of Jaime Davidson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr. "Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.") [Proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020–21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2020–21)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020–21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Rex Tillerson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State") [Mike Pompeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State") [North Korea summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018–19 Korean peace process") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit "2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit") [Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit "2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit") [DMZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit "2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit") [Riyadh summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit "2017 Riyadh summit") [Helsinki summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit "2018 Russia–United States summit") [2019 state visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2019 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") [Namaste Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste_Trump "Namaste Trump") |
| Events | |
| | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") | [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") 2017 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q4)") 2018 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q4)") 2019 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q4)") 2020 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)") [January 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\)#January_2021 "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)") |
| Speeches | [Congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress") (2017) [Warsaw speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw "2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw") (2017) [National Scout Jamboree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree "2017 National Scout Jamboree") (2017) [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union "State of the Union") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address "2018 State of the Union Address") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address "2019 State of the Union Address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address "2020 State of the Union Address") Oval Office Address [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address "2019 Oval Office address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address "2020 Oval Office address") [Farewell address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address "Donald Trump's first farewell address") (2021) |
| Other | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [2017 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2017 United States Electoral College vote count") [Inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") [2021 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") |
| [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") | |
| | |
| [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") | Government shutdowns [January 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "January 2018 United States federal government shutdown") [2018–2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown") Salute to America [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Salute_to_America "2019 Salute to America") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salute_to_America "2020 Salute to America") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration "Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration") [Reactions to the George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "Reactions to the George Floyd protests") [Photo op at St. John's Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") [Deployment of federal forces in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States") [Attacks on journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2016%E2%80%93present:_Trump_era "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States") [2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration "Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration") [National Garden of American Heroes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes "National Garden of American Heroes") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [First Step Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Step_Act "First Step Act") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [Space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") | [Tax cuts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") [Tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") [USMCA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement "United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement") [Farmer bailouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts "Trump administration farmer bailouts") |
| [Environmental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") | [Paris Agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement "United States and the Paris Agreement") [America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018 "America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018") |
| [Foreign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") | [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First") [Saudi Arabia arms deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal "2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal") [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_first_Trump_administration "Iran–United States relations during the first Trump administration") [Nuclear deal withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action "United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action") [Relations with Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "Israel–United States relations") [Jerusalem recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel "United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel") [Golan Heights recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel "United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel") [Palestine peace plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_peace_plan "2020 Israel–Palestine peace plan") [Abraham Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords "Abraham Accords") [UAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement "Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement "Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement "Israel–Sudan normalization agreement") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement "Israel–Morocco normalization agreement") [Kosovo–Serbia agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements "Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements") [Syria strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Syria "United States intervention in Syria") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike "2017 Shayrat missile strike") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria "April 2018 missile strikes against Syria") Killings [al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi") [Soleimani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani "Assassination of Qasem Soleimani") [Afghanistan withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan "2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan") [Taliban deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal "United States–Taliban deal") [Proposed invasion of Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela "Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela") |
| [Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") | [Travel bans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_bans_under_the_Trump_administrations "Travel bans under the Trump administrations") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769 "Reactions to Executive Order 13769") [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban "Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [replacement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13780 "Executive Order 13780") [Executive Order 13767](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13767 "Executive Order 13767") [Border wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall") [Family separation policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Migrant detentions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_detentions_under_the_first_Trump_administration "Migrant detentions under the first Trump administration") [Troop deployments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot "Operation Faithful Patriot") [National emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States "National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") | [2017 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March "2017 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2017 Women's March locations") [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Lincoln_Nebraska_Women%27s_March "2017 Lincoln Nebraska Women's March") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Portland "Women's March on Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Seattle "Women's March on Seattle") [global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations_outside_the_United_States "List of 2017 Women's March locations outside the United States") [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_protests_against_Donald_Trump "LGBTQ protests against Donald Trump") [Travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "List of protests against Executive Order 13769") [Day Without Immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_\(2017\) "Day Without Immigrants (2017)") [Not My Presidents Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_My_Presidents_Day "Not My Presidents Day") [Day Without a Woman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_a_Woman "Day Without a Woman") [March for Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science "March for Science") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_March_for_Science_locations "List of 2017 March for Science locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Portland "March for Science Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Seattle "March for Science Seattle") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_2018 "March for Science 2018") [People's Climate March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_People%27s_Climate_March "2017 People's Climate March") [May Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_May_Day_protests "2017 May Day protests") [March for Truth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Truth "March for Truth") [Impeachment March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_March "Impeachment March") [Boston Free Speech Rally (counter-protest)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Free_Speech_Rally "Boston Free Speech Rally") [U.S. national anthem kneeling protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests "U.S. national anthem kneeling protests") [2018 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Women%27s_March "2018 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2018_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2018 Women's March locations") [Gun violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_gun_violence_protests "2018 United States gun violence protests") [March for Our Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives "March for Our Lives") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_March_for_Our_Lives_locations "List of March for Our Lives locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Portland "March for Our Lives Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Seattle "March for Our Lives Seattle") [Family separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Abolish ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolish_ICE "Abolish ICE") [Families Belong Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Families_Belong_Together "Families Belong Together") [Occupy ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_ICE "Occupy ICE") [Women Disobey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Disobey "Women Disobey") [Donald Trump baby balloon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_baby_balloon "Donald Trump baby balloon") [Kremlin Annex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin_Annex "Kremlin Annex") [Nobody Is Above the Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody_Is_Above_the_Law "Nobody Is Above the Law") [2019 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Women%27s_March "2019 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2019_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2019 Women's March locations") [2019 Presidents Day protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Presidents_Day_protest "2019 Presidents Day protest") [*Dump Trump* (statue)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump_Trump_\(statue\) "Dump Trump (statue)") [December 2019 impeachment protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2019_impeachment_protests_in_the_United_States "December 2019 impeachment protests in the United States") [2020 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Women%27s_March "2020 Women's March") [January list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2020 Women's March locations") [October list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations_\(October\) "List of 2020 Women's March locations (October)") [Racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_racial_unrest_\(2020%E2%80%932023\) "United States racial unrest (2020–2023)") [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [list-USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests in the United States") [list-abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests outside the United States") [Trump Statue Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Statue_Initiative "Trump Statue Initiative") *[God Emperor Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Emperor_Trump "God Emperor Trump")* |
| Related | [2016 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [False or misleading statements by Trump during first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Classified information disclosures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information "Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information") Special counsel investigations [Mueller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation") [Durham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation "Durham special counsel investigation") [Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Russian bounty program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_bounty_program "Russian bounty program") [Anonymous senior official op-ed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [Zelenskyy phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_phone_call "2019 Trump–Zelenskyy phone call") [Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal") [Federal government data breach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach "2020 United States federal government data breach") [Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [Fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesebro_memos "Chesebro memos") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [continued protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [domestic reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [international reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Presidential Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Category:First presidency of Donald Trump")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template:Second presidency of Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template talk:Second presidency of Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:Second presidency of Donald Trump")[Second presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") | |
|---|---|
| General | [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the second Trump administration") [ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of ambassadors appointed in the second Trump presidency") [attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump#Second_term "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") [Vance vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_JD_Vance "Vice presidency of JD Vance") [Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency") [Biden directives rescission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14148 "Executive Order 14148") [Defense Department secondary name authorization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14347 "Executive Order 14347") [JFK-RFK-MLK assassination records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14176 "Executive Order 14176") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency") [Use of copyrighted works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_copyrighted_works_by_the_second_Trump_administration "Use of copyrighted works by the second Trump administration") [Opinion polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_second_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the second Trump presidency") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency") [January 6 defendants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") Proclamations [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2025\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2025)") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2026\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2026)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2025\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2025)") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2026\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2026)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Marco_Rubio_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State") |
| Events | |
| | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") | [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") 2025 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q1\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q2\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q3\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q4\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q4)") 2026 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2026_Q1\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2026 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2026_Q2\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2026 Q2)") |
| Speeches | [2025 congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2025 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress") [2025 United Nations speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_at_the_United_Nations "2025 Donald Trump speech at the United Nations") [2026 State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_State_of_the_Union_Address "2026 State of the Union Address") |
| Other | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") [2025 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2025 United States Electoral College vote count") [Inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [2025 stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_stock_market_crash "2025 stock market crash") [United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_250th_Anniversary_Parade "United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade") [Assassination of Charlie Kirk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Charlie_Kirk "Assassination of Charlie Kirk") [Memorial service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_service_of_Charlie_Kirk "Memorial service of Charlie Kirk") [2025 federal government shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2025 United States federal government shutdown") [SNAP shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_SNAP_shutdown "2025 SNAP shutdown") [2026 federal government shutdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdowns "2026 United States federal government shutdowns") [United States Semiquincentennial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial "United States Semiquincentennial") [Memorial Circle arch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Circle_arch "Memorial Circle arch") |
| [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") | |
| | |
| [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") | [Cannabis policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") [DEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion_policies_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Diversity, equity, and inclusion policies of the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14151](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14151 "Executive Order 14151") [Executive Order 14173](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14173 "Executive Order 14173") *[National Urban League v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Urban_League_v._Trump "National Urban League v. Trump")* *[San Francisco AIDS Foundation v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_AIDS_Foundation_v._Trump "San Francisco AIDS Foundation v. Trump")* [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Education policy of the second Trump administration") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14188 "Executive Order 14188") [CRT and gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14190 "Executive Order 14190") [Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_for_Academic_Excellence_in_Higher_Education "Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education") [Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_to_Combat_Anti-Semitism "Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism") *[E.K. v. Department of Defense Education Activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.K._v._Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity "E.K. v. Department of Defense Education Activity")* [Columbia University settlement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University%27s_settlement_with_the_Trump_administration "Columbia University's settlement with the Trump administration") *[Harvard College v. HHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_v._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Harvard v. Department of Health and Human Services")* [English official language designation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14224 "Executive Order 14224") [Executive Order 14172](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14172 "Executive Order 14172") [Gulf of Mexico naming controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico_naming_controversy "Gulf of Mexico naming controversy") [Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute "Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute") [Federal grants freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause") [Federal hiring freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_hiring_freeze "2025 United States federal hiring freeze") [Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocelyn_Nungaray_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge") [Science policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Science policy of the second Trump administration") [NOAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_in_the_second_Trump_administration "NOAA in the second Trump administration") [University of Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_in_the_second_Trump_administration "University of Oklahoma in the second Trump administration") [Smithsonian Institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14253 "Executive Order 14253") [Space policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [NYC congestion pricing approval revocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing_in_New_York_City "Congestion pricing in New York City") [Office of Shipbuilding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Shipbuilding "United States Office of Shipbuilding") [Online resource removals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_online_resource_removals "2025 United States government online resource removals") [Defense Department DEI censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense_censorship_of_DEI-connected_material "U.S. Department of Defense censorship of DEI-connected material") [Social media content moderation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14149 "Executive Order 14149") [TAKE IT DOWN Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAKE_IT_DOWN_Act "TAKE IT DOWN Act") [White House Faith Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Faith_Office "White House Faith Office") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") | [Artificial intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14179 "Executive Order 14179") [Genesis Mission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_Mission "Genesis Mission") [Stargate Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_LLC "Stargate LLC") [Cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency") [CBDC and digital assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14178 "Executive Order 14178") [GENIUS Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENIUS_Act "GENIUS Act") [Strategic bitcoin reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Strategic_Bitcoin_Reserve "U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve") [OECD GMCTR agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_minimum_corporate_tax_rate#Possible_implementation_in_the_United_States "Global minimum corporate tax rate") [Tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [Canada and Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico "2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico")/[timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2025%E2%80%9326_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada "Timeline of the 2025–26 United States trade war with Canada") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") [farmer bailouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts "Trump administration farmer bailouts") *[Learning Resources v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Resources_v._Trump "Learning Resources v. Trump")* [Liberation Day tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_tariffs "Liberation Day tariffs") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_trade_deal "Pakistan–United States trade deal") [Venezuelan oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14245 "Executive Order 14245") [TikTok PAFACA divestment deadline extensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act "Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act") |
| Environment | [Paper straws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14208 "Executive Order 14208") [Second Paris Agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14162 "Executive Order 14162") |
| Fiscal | [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act") "[No tax on tips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_tax_on_tips "No tax on tips")" [Trump account](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_account "Trump account") [Rescissions Act of 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescissions_Act_of_2025 "Rescissions Act of 2025") [Corporation for Public Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting "Corporation for Public Broadcasting") [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID_in_the_second_Trump_administration "USAID in the second Trump administration") [2026 United States federal budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_federal_budget "2026 United States federal budget") |
| [Foreign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") | [Argentina currency swap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93Argentina_currency_swap "2025 United States–Argentina currency swap") [Armenia–Azerbaijan agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_peace_agreement "Armenia–Azerbaijan peace agreement") [ASEAN summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_ASEAN_Summits "2025 ASEAN Summits") [Kuala Lumpur accord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Peace_Accord "Kuala Lumpur Peace Accord") [2025 Brazil diplomatic dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_diplomatic_dispute "2025 Brazil–United States diplomatic dispute") [2026 Cuban crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Cuban_crisis "2026 Cuban crisis") [Boat incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Cuban_boat_incident "2026 Cuban boat incident") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") [DRC–Rwanda peace agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Rwanda_peace_agreement "2025 Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda peace agreement") [Expansionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States "Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States") [Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis") [Dear Jonas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Jonas "Dear Jonas") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Panama_Canal#Demands_by_Donald_Trump_to_reclaim_U.S._control_of_the_canal "History of the Panama Canal") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela "Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela") [Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war") [Gaza Strip takeover proposal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") [Peace plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") [Peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_summit "Gaza peace summit") [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace") [Golden Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_\(missile_defense_system\) "Golden Dome (missile defense system)") [2025 Honduran general election alleged interference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Honduran_general_election#Allegations_of_fraud_and_external_interference "2025 Honduran general election") [ICC sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14203 "Executive Order 14203") [2025 India diplomatic and trade crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93India_diplomatic_and_trade_crisis "2025 United States–India diplomatic and trade crisis") [May 2025 Middle East visit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East") [61st Munich Security Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_Munich_Security_Conference "61st Munich Security Conference") [JD Vance speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference "2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference") [2026 NDAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2026 "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026") [2025 NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit") [2025 Nigeria strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_in_Nigeria "2025 United States strikes in Nigeria") [Operation Southern Spear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Southern_Spear "Operation Southern Spear") [Caribbean military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Caribbean_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military buildup in the Caribbean during Operation Southern Spear") [2026 Venezuela intervention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") [Death of Yohana Rodríguez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Yohana_Rodr%C3%ADguez "Death of Yohana Rodríguez") [International reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "International reactions to the 2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") [Strikes on alleged drug trafficking boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") [Oil blockade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_oil_blockade_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States oil blockade during Operation Southern Spear") *[United States v. Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_and_Cilia_Flores "Prosecution of Nicolás Maduro and Cilia Flores")* [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_second_Trump_administration "Iran–United States relations during the second Trump administration") [Iranian attack on US military base in Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_strikes_on_Al_Udeid_Air_Base "Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base") [US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites") [Iran negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_negotiations "2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations") [Twelve-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") [ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War_ceasefire "Twelve-Day War ceasefire") [2025–2026 Iranian protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iranian_protests "2025–2026 Iranian protests") [massacres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_massacres "2026 Iran massacres") [2026 Middle East military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Middle_East "2026 United States military buildup in the Middle East") [2026 Iran war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war") [2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_crisis "2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis") [military campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign "2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign") [Ramaphosa Oval Office meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Ramaphosa_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 Trump–Ramaphosa Oval Office meeting") [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine") [Peace talks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)") [First Putin call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_phone_call "February 2025 Putin–Trump phone call") [Saudi Arabia meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_United_States%E2%80%93Russia_meeting_in_Saudi_Arabia "February 2025 United States–Russia meeting in Saudi Arabia") [Minerals agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_Mineral_Resources_Agreement "Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement") [Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting") [2025 Alaska summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit "2025 Russia–United States summit") [White House multilateral meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine "August 2025 White House multilateral meeting on Ukraine") [2025 Budapest summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit_in_Hungary "2025 Russia–United States summit in Hungary") [2026 Abu Dhabi trilateral meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Abu_Dhabi "2026 United States–Ukraine–Russia meetings in Abu Dhabi") [2026 Geneva trilateral meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Geneva "2026 United States–Ukraine–Russia meetings in Geneva") [2025–2026 Syria airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_airstrikes_in_Syria "2025–2026 United States airstrikes in Syria") [December 2025 Palmyra attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2025_Palmyra_attack "December 2025 Palmyra attack") [Trump-class battleship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump-class_battleship "Trump-class battleship") [Trump whisperer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_whisperer "Trump whisperer") [2025 state visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2025 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") [USAID closure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID_in_the_second_Trump_administration "USAID in the second Trump administration") [2025 foreign aid pause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14169 "Executive Order 14169") *[Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_State_v._AIDS_Vaccine_Advocacy_Coalition "Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition")* [Withdrawal from WHO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14155 "Executive Order 14155") [Yemen attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US%E2%80%93UK_airstrikes_on_Yemen "US–UK airstrikes on Yemen") [Houthis FTO designation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14175 "Executive Order 14175") [Operation Rough Rider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") [Signal group chat leaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_government_group_chat_leaks "United States government group chat leaks") [Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Ras_Isa_oil_terminal_airstrikes "2025 Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes") [Saada prison airstrike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Saada_prison_airstrike "2025 Saada prison airstrike") [Ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93Houthi_ceasefire "2025 United States–Houthi ceasefire") [Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas "Shield of the Americas") [Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas_Summit "Shield of the Americas Summit") |
| [Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") | [Arrest of Hannah Dugan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Dugan "Hannah Dugan") [Birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") *[Barbara v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_v._Trump "Barbara v. Trump")* *[Trump v. CASA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._CASA "Trump v. CASA")* *[State of Washington v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_v._Trump_\(2025\) "Washington v. Trump (2025)")* [Deportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration") [Kilmar Abrego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Kilmar_Abrego_Garcia "Deportation of Kilmar Abrego Garcia") [Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Indian_nationals_under_Donald_Trump "Deportation of Indian nationals under Donald Trump") [Venezuelans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_American_deportations_of_Venezuelans "March 2025 American deportations of Venezuelans") [Ending humanitarian parole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_for_Cubans,_Haitians,_Nicaraguans,_and_Venezuelans "Parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans") *[A.R.P. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.R.P._v._Trump "A.R.P. v. Trump")* *[D.V.D. v. Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.V.D._v._Department_of_Homeland_Security "D.V.D. v. Department of Homeland Security")* *[J.G.G. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.G.G._v._Trump "J.G.G. v. Trump")* *[National TPS Alliance v. Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_TPS_Alliance_v._Noem "National TPS Alliance v. Noem")* *[United States v. Russell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Russell_\(2025\) "United States v. Russell (2025)")* [Detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration detention in the second Trump administration") [Torture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture_of_immigrants_during_the_second_Trump_administration "Torture of immigrants during the second Trump administration") [2025 Alvarado ICE facility incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Alvarado_ICE_facility_incident "2025 Alvarado ICE facility incident") [2025 Dallas ICE facility shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Dallas_ICE_facility_shooting "2025 Dallas ICE facility shooting") [Alligator Alcatraz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_Alcatraz "Alligator Alcatraz") [Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center "Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center") [Killing of Geraldo Lunas Campos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Geraldo_Lunas_Campos "Killing of Geraldo Lunas Campos") [Liam Conejo Ramos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Liam_Conejo_Ramos "Detention of Liam Conejo Ramos") [National Defense Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Area "National Defense Area") [Roosevelt Reservation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Reservation "Roosevelt Reservation") [U.S. citizen detentions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_detentions_of_U.S._citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration detentions of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14159](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14159 "Executive Order 14159") [ICE business partnerships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_involving_ICE_and_private_businesses "Controversies involving ICE and private businesses") [Hilton Worldwide lodging controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide_ICE_lodging_controversy "Hilton Worldwide ICE lodging controversy") [Mobile Fortify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Fortify "Mobile Fortify") [ICE recruitment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICE_recruitment_during_the_second_Trump_administration "ICE recruitment during the second Trump administration") [Impersonation of immigration officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonations_of_United_States_immigration_officials "Impersonations of United States immigration officials") [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") [List of immigration raids and arrests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_immigration_raids_and_arrests_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of immigration raids and arrests in the second Trump presidency") [2025 Camarillo ICE raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Camarillo_ICE_raid "2025 Camarillo ICE raid") [2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Georgia_Hyundai_plant_immigration_raid "2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") [Trial of Sean Dunn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Sean_Dunn "Trial of Sean Dunn") [List of shootings by agents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shootings_by_U.S._immigration_agents_in_the_second_Trump_administration "List of shootings by U.S. immigration agents in the second Trump administration") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_U.S._Border_Patrol_shooting_in_Portland,_Oregon "2026 U.S. Border Patrol shooting in Portland, Oregon") [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good") [Marimar Martinez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Marimar_Martinez "Shooting of Marimar Martinez") [Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti") [Silverio Villegas González](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Silverio_Villegas_Gonz%C3%A1lez "Killing of Silverio Villegas González") [Operation Metro Surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Metro_Surge "Operation Metro Surge") [Operation Midway Blitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Midway_Blitz "Operation Midway Blitz") [Operation Safeguard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Safeguard_\(United_States\) "Operation Safeguard (United States)") [Operation Salvo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Salvo "Operation Salvo") *[Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavanaugh_stop "Kavanaugh stop")* [Mexico border crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis "Mexico–United States border crisis") [Second Trump travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_travel_ban "Second Trump travel ban") [Trump Gold Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Gold_Card "Trump Gold Card") *[United States v. Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Trust_Act "Boston Trust Act")* [Visa and deportation controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_and_deportation_controversies_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration") [Deaths, deportations and detentions of US citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths,_detentions_and_deportations_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deaths, detentions and deportations of American citizens in the second Trump administration") [Leqaa Kordia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Leqaa_Kordia "Detention of Leqaa Kordia") [Mahmoud Khalil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Mahmoud_Khalil "Detention of Mahmoud Khalil") [Mohsen Mahdawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Mohsen_Mahdawi "Detention of Mohsen Mahdawi") [Rasha Alawieh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Rasha_Alawieh "Deportation of Rasha Alawieh") [Rümeysa Öztürk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_R%C3%BCmeysa_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk "Detention of Rümeysa Öztürk") [Sarah Shaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Sarah_Shaw "Detention of Sarah Shaw") [White South African refugee program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_South_African_refugee_program "White South African refugee program") |
| Healthcare | [HHS gender dysphoria report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_HHS_gender_dysphoria_report "Trump administration HHS gender dysphoria report") [HHS reorganization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_reorganization "2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization") [Administration for a Healthy America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_for_a_Healthy_America "Administration for a Healthy America") [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") [MAHA report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAHA_report "MAHA report") [Most Favored Nation Drug Pricing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Favored_Nation_Drug_Pricing "Most Favored Nation Drug Pricing") [Sexual and reproductive health policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Sexual and reproductive health policy of the second Trump administration") [Hyde Amendment enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14182 "Executive Order 14182") [TrumpRx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrumpRx "TrumpRx") |
| [Democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") | [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") [Deferred resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._federal_deferred_resignation_program "2025 U.S. federal deferred resignation program") [Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Lawsuits involving the Department of Government Efficiency") [Mass layoffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") [Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Network of the Department of Government Efficiency") [Targets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_federal_agencies_targeted_by_DOGE "US federal agencies targeted by DOGE") *[AFGE v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFGE_v._Trump "AFGE v. Trump")* [Domestic military deployments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_military_deployments_by_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic military deployments by the second Trump administration") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") [November 2025 National Guard shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Washington,_D.C.,_National_Guard_shooting "2025 Washington, D.C., National Guard shooting") *[Newsom v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsom_v._Trump "Newsom v. Trump")* [Election law and voting rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_law_and_voting_rights_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Election law and voting rights under the second Trump administration") [2025–2026 United States redistricting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_redistricting "2025–2026 United States redistricting") [Fulton County FBI raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_raid_of_Fulton_County,_Georgia_election_office "FBI raid of Fulton County, Georgia election office")/[investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia "FBI investigation into the 2020 United States presidential election in Georgia") [Republican Party actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_voting_after_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Republican Party efforts to disrupt voting after the 2024 United States presidential election") [Independent agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14215 "Executive Order 14215") *[Bessent v. Dellinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessent_v._Dellinger "Bessent v. Dellinger")* [Federal investigation into Jerome Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_investigation_into_Jerome_Powell "Federal investigation into Jerome Powell") *[Trump v. Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Cook "Trump v. Cook")* *[Trump v. Slaughter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Slaughter "Trump v. Slaughter")* [2025 inspectors general dismissals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_dismissals_of_U.S._inspectors_general "2025 dismissals of U.S. inspectors general") [2025 Justice Department resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Justice_resignations "2025 U.S. Department of Justice resignations") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_news_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the news media") *[Associated Press v. Budowich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_v._Budowich "Associated Press v. Budowich")* [Attacks on journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Trump_presidencies "Government attacks on journalists during the Trump presidencies") [FBI raid reporter's home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FBI_raid_on_Hannah_Natanson%27s_home "2026 FBI raid on Hannah Natanson's home") [Arrest of Don Lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon#Cities_Church_protest_and_arrest_on_federal_charges_\(2026\) "Don Lemon") [Conflicts with Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Wikipedia%E2%80%93U.S._government_conflicts "Timeline of Wikipedia–U.S. government conflicts") [Pentagon press pass forfeiture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Pentagon_press_pass_forfeiture "2025 Pentagon press pass forfeiture") [Public broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14290 "Executive Order 14290") [Skydance Media–Paramount Global merger oversight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_of_Skydance_Media_and_Paramount_Global "Merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global") "[Inside CECOT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_CECOT "Inside CECOT")" [Suspension of *Jimmy Kimmel Live\!*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_Jimmy_Kimmel_Live! "Suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!") [Warner Bros. Discovery acquisition oversight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_Warner_Bros._Discovery "Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery") [White House Wire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Wire "White House Wire") [Persecution of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") "[Adult human female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_human_female "Adult human female")" [Gender identification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14168 "Executive Order 14168") [Gender-affirming care for minors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14187 "Executive Order 14187") [Military service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14183 "Executive Order 14183") [Women's sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14201 "Executive Order 14201") [San Jose State controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_State_transgender_volleyball_controversy "San Jose State transgender volleyball controversy") [Targeting political opponents and civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14152](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_letter "Hunter Biden laptop letter") [Justice Department 2016 Russian interference counterinvestigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Department_of_Justice_counterinvestigation_into_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_election "2025 Department of Justice counterinvestigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election") [Law firms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") [National Security Presidential Memorandum-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSPM-7 "NSPM-7") [Newark immigration detention center incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_immigration_detention_center_incident "Newark immigration detention center incident") Prosecutions [John Bolton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_John_Bolton "Prosecution of John Bolton") [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_James_Comey "Prosecution of James Comey") [Letitia James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Letitia_James "Prosecution of Letitia James") [Reprisals against commentators on the Charlie Kirk assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprisals_against_commentators_on_the_Charlie_Kirk_assassination "Reprisals against commentators on the Charlie Kirk assassination") [Weaponization Working Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaponization_Working_Group "Weaponization Working Group") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Election denialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States "Election denial movement in the United States") [False or misleading statements by Trump during second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)") [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025") [Unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_second_Trump_administration "Protests against the second Trump administration") | [50501 movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_movement "50501 movement") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_protests "50501 protests") [Day of Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_protests_in_April_2025 "50501 protests in April 2025") [Free America Walkout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_America_Walkout "Free America Walkout") [Free America Weekend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_America_Weekend "Free America Weekend") [Anti-deportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_mass_deportation_during_the_second_Trump_administration "Protests against mass deportation during the second Trump administration") [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests_against_mass_deportation "June 2025 Los Angeles protests against mass deportation") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Portland,_Oregon_protests "2025–2026 Portland, Oregon protests") [Day Without Immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_\(2025\) "Day Without Immigrants (2025)") [Economic Blackout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Blackout "Economic Blackout") [Efforts to impeach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [Fight the Trump Takeover](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fight_the_Trump_Takeover&action=edit&redlink=1 "Fight the Trump Takeover (page does not exist)") [Good Trouble Lives On](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Trouble_Lives_On_protest "Good Trouble Lives On protest") [Hands Off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_Off_protests "Hands Off protests") [Hands Off Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_off_Greenland_protests "Hands off Greenland protests") No Kings [June 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests") [October 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2025_No_Kings_protests "October 2025 No Kings protests") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_No_Kings_protests "2026 No Kings protests") [People's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_March "People's March") [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good_protests "List of Renée Good protests") [2026 Minnesota general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Minnesota_general_strike "2026 Minnesota general strike") [Response to DOGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_to_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Response to the Department of Government Efficiency") [Stand Up for Science 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_Up_for_Science_2025 "Stand Up for Science 2025") [2025 United States boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_boycott "2025 United States boycott") [Canadian boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Canadian_boycott_of_the_United_States "2025 Canadian boycott of the United States") [2026 United States general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_general_strike "2026 United States general strike") |
| Related | [2024 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [Anti-LGBTQ movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States "2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States") [Beauty trends among American conservatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_trends_among_American_conservatives "Beauty trends among American conservatives") [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") [Donald Trump and antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Elon Musk feud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud "Trump–Musk feud") [Executive Branch (club)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Branch_\(club\) "Executive Branch (club)") [Jeffrey Epstein relationship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Birthday book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein%27s_birthday_book "Jeffrey Epstein's birthday book") [Epstein files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_files "Epstein files") *[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(sculpture\) "Best Friends Forever (sculpture)")* [Epstein Files Transparency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act "Epstein Files Transparency Act") *[King of the World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_World_\(sculpture\) "King of the World (sculpture)")* [Kennedy Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts "John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts") [Cancellations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kennedy_Center_cancellations_during_the_Trump_administration "List of Kennedy Center cancellations during the Trump administration") [Lake Kaweah and Lake Success water release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_water_release_from_Lake_Kaweah_and_Lake_Success "2025 water release from Lake Kaweah and Lake Success") [Penny debate in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_debate_in_the_United_States "Penny debate in the United States") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") [Presidential Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Walk_of_Fame "Presidential Walk of Fame") [Project Esther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Esther "Project Esther") [Qatari luxury jet gift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N7478D "N7478D") *[A Throne Fit for a King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Throne_Fit_for_a_King "A Throne Fit for a King")* [TACO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump")** | |
| Offices and distinctions | | |
|---|---|---|
| Party political offices | | |
| Preceded by[Mitt Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney "Mitt Romney") | **[Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") [nominee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets "List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets") for President of the United States** [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election"), [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") | **Most recent** |
| Political offices | | |
| Preceded by[Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") | **[President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States")** 2017–2021 | Succeeded by[Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") |
| Preceded byJoe Biden | **President of the United States** 2025–present | **Incumbent** |
| [U.S. order of precedence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence "United States order of precedence") (ceremonial) | | |
| **First** | **[Order of precedence of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_precedence_of_the_United_States "Order of precedence of the United States") *as President*** | Succeeded by[JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance")***as Vice President*** |
| Articles related to Donald Trump | | |
|---|---|---|
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trump_businesses "Template:Trump businesses") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Trump_businesses "Template talk:Trump businesses") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trump_businesses "Special:EditPage/Template:Trump businesses")[Businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") of [Donald Trump]() | | |
| **[The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization")** [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Allen Weisselberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Weisselberg "Allen Weisselberg") [Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [List of things named after Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") | | |
| [NYC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") properties | [The Trump Building (40 Wall Street)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40_Wall_Street "40 Wall Street") [Trump Parc and Trump Parc East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Parc "Trump Parc") [Trump Park Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Park_Avenue "Trump Park Avenue") [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") [Trump World Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower "Trump World Tower") | |
| Hotels and resorts | Trump International Hotel and Tower [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Chicago\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") [Las Vegas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas "Trump International Hotel Las Vegas") [2025 explosion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Las_Vegas_Cybertruck_explosion "2025 Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Maldives "Trump International Hotel Maldives") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(New_York_City\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)") [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") | |
| Golf courses | | |
| | | |
| US | [Bedminster, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster") ["Doral" Miami, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami") [Jupiter, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Jupiter "Trump National Golf Club Jupiter") [Los Angeles, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Los_Angeles "Trump National Golf Club Los Angeles") [Pine Hill, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Philadelphia "Trump National Golf Club Philadelphia") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Washington,_D.C. "Trump National Golf Club Washington, D.C.") [Westchester, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Westchester "Trump National Golf Club Westchester") [West Palm Beach, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_\(West_Palm_Beach\) "Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)") | |
| Europe | [Balmedie, Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Links,_Scotland "Trump International Golf Links, Scotland") [wind farm dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_Scotland_Ltd_v_The_Scottish_Ministers "Trump International Golf Club Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers") [Doonbeg, Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Links_and_Hotel_Ireland "Trump International Golf Links and Hotel Ireland") [Turnberry, Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnberry_\(golf_course\) "Turnberry (golf course)") | |
| Other current ventures | [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") [Cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration "Cryptocurrency in the second Donald Trump administration") [Never Surrender High-Top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Surrender_High-Top "Never Surrender High-Top") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") [Trump Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Mobile "Trump Mobile") [Trump Winery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Winery "Trump Winery") | |
| Name licensing | [Trump Bay Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Bay_Street "Trump Bay Street") [Trump Palace Condominiums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Palace_Condominiums "Trump Palace Condominiums") [Jersey City, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_\(Jersey_City\) "Trump Plaza (Jersey City)") [New Rochelle, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_\(New_Rochelle\) "Trump Plaza (New Rochelle)") [New York City, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_\(New_York_City\) "Trump Plaza (New York City)") Trump Tower [Istanbul, Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul "Trump Towers Istanbul") [Manila, Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Manila "Trump Tower Manila") [Pune, India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Pune "Trump Towers Pune") [Punta del Este, Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Punta_del_Este "Trump Tower Punta del Este") [Sunny Isles Beach, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_\(Sunny_Isles_Beach\) "Trump Towers (Sunny Isles Beach)") | |
| Former properties | [GM Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_Building_\(Manhattan\) "General Motors Building (Manhattan)") [Hyatt Grand Central New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York "Hyatt Grand Central New York") [JW Marriott Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Panama "JW Marriott Panama") [Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_La%CA%BBi_Waikiki_Beach_Hotel "Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel") [LSH Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSH_Hotel "LSH Hotel") (Brazil) [Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_\(Washington,_D.C.\) "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") [Paradox Hotel Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_Hotel_Vancouver "Paradox Hotel Vancouver") [Park Tower Stamford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Tower_Stamford "Park Tower Stamford") [Plaza Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Hotel "Plaza Hotel") [The Dominick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dominick "The Dominick") (Trump SoHo) [The Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plaza_\(West_Palm_Beach\) "The Plaza (West Palm Beach)") (West Palm Beach, FL) [The St. Regis Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_St._Regis_Toronto "The St. Regis Toronto") [The Tower at City Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tower_at_City_Place "The Tower at City Place") (White Plains, NY) | |
| Cancelled real estate projects | [Russian projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia") [Trump Tower Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow "Trump Tower Moscow") Trump International Hotel and Tower [Baku, Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Baku\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Baku)") [Dubai, UAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Dubai\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Dubai)") [Fort Lauderdale, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Fort_Lauderdale "Conrad Fort Lauderdale") [New Orleans, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(New_Orleans\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (New Orleans)") [Phoenix, AZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Residence "Trump International Hotel & Residence") [Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Ocean_Resort_Baja_Mexico "Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico") Trump Tower [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Rio "Trump Towers Rio") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD_Trump_Deutschland "TD Trump Deutschland") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_Tower "Elite Tower") [Tampa, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_\(Tampa\) "Trump Tower (Tampa)") | |
| Former ventures | [Central Park Carousel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_Carousel "Central Park Carousel") [Donald Trump dolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_dolls "Donald Trump dolls") [Donald J. Trump Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [GoTrump.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoTrump.com "GoTrump.com") [Lasker Rink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Center "Davis Center") [Miss Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Universe "Miss Universe") [Miss USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_USA "Miss USA") [Miss Teen USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA "Miss Teen USA") [New Jersey Generals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals "New Jersey Generals") *[Paris Is Out\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Is_Out! "Paris Is Out!")* [Tour de Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_DuPont "Tour DuPont") [Trump Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Home "Trump Home") [Trump Entertainment Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Entertainment_Resorts "Trump Entertainment Resorts") [Trump's Castle / Trump Marina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Nugget_Atlantic_City "Golden Nugget Atlantic City") [Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino "Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino") [Trump Taj Mahal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock_Hotel_%26_Casino_Atlantic_City "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City") [Trump World's Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World%27s_Fair "Trump World's Fair") [Trump Casino Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_Star_II "Majestic Star II") [Trump magazines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_magazines "Trump magazines") [Trump Model Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Model_Management "Trump Model Management") [Trump Mortgage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Mortgage "Trump Mortgage") [Trump Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Network "The Trump Network") [Trump Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan "Riverside South, Manhattan") [Trump Productions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Productions "Trump Productions") [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") [Trump Steaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Steaks "Trump Steaks") [Trump University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_University "Trump University") [Trump Vodka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Vodka "Trump Vodka") [Trump Ice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Ice "Trump Ice") [Trump Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Village "Trump Village") [Wollman Rink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollman_Rink "Wollman Rink") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trump_media "Template:Trump media") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Trump_media "Template talk:Trump media") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trump_media "Special:EditPage/Template:Trump media")Media by and about [Donald Trump]() | | |
| *See also:* [Media career of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") – [Donald Trump in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") – [Trump Productions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Productions "Trump Productions") – [List of things named after Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") | | |
| [Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") | | |
| | | |
| By Trump | *[Trump: The Art of the Deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal "The Art of the Deal")* (1987) *[Trump: Surviving at the Top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_Surviving_at_the_Top "Trump: Surviving at the Top")* (1990) *[Trump: The Art of the Comeback](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Comeback "Trump: The Art of the Comeback")* (1997) *[The America We Deserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_America_We_Deserve "The America We Deserve")* (2000) *[Trump: How to Get Rich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_How_to_Get_Rich "Trump: How to Get Rich")* (2004) *[The Way to the Top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_to_the_Top "The Way to the Top")* (2004) *[Trump 101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_101 "Trump 101")* (2006) *[Why We Want You to Be Rich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_We_Want_You_to_Be_Rich "Why We Want You to Be Rich")* (2006) *[Think Big and Kick Ass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_Big_and_Kick_Ass "Think Big and Kick Ass")* (2007) *[Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_\(novel\) "Trump Tower (novel)")* (2011) *[Time to Get Tough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_to_Get_Tough "Time to Get Tough")* (2011) *[Midas Touch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midas_Touch_\(book\) "Midas Touch (book)")* (2011) *[Crippled America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crippled_America "Crippled America")* (2015) *[Our Journey Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_Team_Publishing "Winning Team Publishing")* (2021) *[Letters to Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_Team_Publishing "Winning Team Publishing")* (2023) *[Save America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_America_\(book\) "Save America (book)")* (2024) | |
| About Trump | *[Point the Finger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_the_Finger "Point the Finger")* (1989) *[Trumped\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped!_\(book\) "Trumped! (book)")* (1991) *[The Trumps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trumps:_Three_Generations_That_Built_an_Empire "The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire")* *[TrumpNation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrumpNation "TrumpNation")* (2005) *[Never Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Enough:_Donald_Trump_and_the_Pursuit_of_Success "Never Enough: Donald Trump and the Pursuit of Success")* (2015) *[The Conservative Case for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conservative_Case_for_Trump "The Conservative Case for Trump")* (2016) *[The Day of the Donald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Donald "The Day of the Donald")* (2016) *[The Making of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Making_of_Donald_Trump "The Making of Donald Trump")* (2016) *[The Plot to Hack America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plot_to_Hack_America "The Plot to Hack America")* (2016) *[Trump Revealed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Revealed "Trump Revealed")* (2016) *[In Trump We Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Trump_We_Trust "In Trump We Trust")* (2016) *[The Beautiful Poetry of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beautiful_Poetry_of_Donald_Trump "The Beautiful Poetry of Donald Trump")* (2017) *[The Case for Impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Case_for_Impeachment "The Case for Impeachment")* (2017) *[Insane Clown President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insane_Clown_President "Insane Clown President")* (2017) *[Understanding Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding_Trump "Understanding Trump")* (2017) *[The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dangerous_Case_of_Donald_Trump "The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump")* (2017) *[Devil's Bargain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain "Devil's Bargain")* (2017) *[Let Trump Be Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_Trump_Be_Trump "Let Trump Be Trump")* (2017) *[Fire and Fury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_and_Fury "Fire and Fury")* (2018) *[Media Madness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Madness "Media Madness")* (2018) *[The Faith of Donald J. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faith_of_Donald_J._Trump "The Faith of Donald J. Trump")* (2018) *[A Higher Loyalty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Higher_Loyalty "A Higher Loyalty")* (2018) *[Liars, Leakers, and Liberals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liars,_Leakers,_and_Liberals "Liars, Leakers, and Liberals")* (2018) *[The Briefing: Politics, the Press, and the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Briefing:_Politics,_the_Press,_and_the_President "The Briefing: Politics, the Press, and the President")* (2018) *[Unhinged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unhinged_\(book\) "Unhinged (book)")* (2018) *[Resistance Is Futile\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_Is_Futile! "Resistance Is Futile!")* (2018) *[Fear: Trump in the White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear:_Trump_in_the_White_House "Fear: Trump in the White House")* (2018) *[The Fifth Risk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Risk "The Fifth Risk")* (2018) *[Impeachment: An American History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment:_An_American_History "Impeachment: An American History")* (2018) *[Whose Boat Is This Boat?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whose_Boat_Is_This_Boat%3F "Whose Boat Is This Boat?")* (2018) *[Team of Vipers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_of_Vipers "Team of Vipers")* (2019) *[The Threat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Threat_\(memoir\) "The Threat (memoir)")* (2019) *[Siege](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_\(Wolff_book\) "Siege (Wolff book)")* (2019) *[Triggered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triggered_\(book\) "Triggered (book)")* (2019) *[A Warning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Warning_\(book\) "A Warning (book)")* (2019) *[Trump and His Generals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_and_His_Generals "Trump and His Generals")* (2019) *[A Very Stable Genius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Very_Stable_Genius "A Very Stable Genius")* (2020) *[Hiding in Plain Sight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiding_in_Plain_Sight_\(Kendzior_book\) "Hiding in Plain Sight (Kendzior book)")* (2020) *[Front Row at the Trump Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Row_at_the_Trump_Show "Front Row at the Trump Show")* (2020) *[The Room Where It Happened](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Room_Where_It_Happened "The Room Where It Happened")* (2020) *[Too Much and Never Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_Much_and_Never_Enough "Too Much and Never Enough")* (2020) *[Melania and Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_and_Me "Melania and Me")* (2020) *[Hoax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax_\(book\) "Hoax (book)")* (2020) *[Compromised](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromised_\(book\) "Compromised (book)")* (2020) *[Rage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_\(Woodward_book\) "Rage (Woodward book)")* (2020) *[Disloyal: A Memoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disloyal:_A_Memoir "Disloyal: A Memoir")* (2020) *[Speaking for Myself](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaking_for_Myself "Speaking for Myself")* (2020) *[Landslide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide_\(Wolff_book\) "Landslide (Wolff book)")* (2021) *[I Alone Can Fix It](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Alone_Can_Fix_It "I Alone Can Fix It")* (2021) *[The Reckoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reckoning_\(Trump_book\) "The Reckoning (Trump book)")* (2021) *[Peril](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peril_\(book\) "Peril (book)")* (2021) *[I'll Take Your Questions Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_Take_Your_Questions_Now "I'll Take Your Questions Now")* (2021) *[Midnight in Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_in_Washington "Midnight in Washington")* (2021) *[Betrayal: The Final Act of the Trump Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrayal:_The_Final_Act_of_the_Trump_Show "Betrayal: The Final Act of the Trump Show")* (2021) *[A Sacred Oath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Sacred_Oath "A Sacred Oath")* (2022) *[Thank You for Your Servitude](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thank_You_for_Your_Servitude "Thank You for Your Servitude")* (2022) *[Breaking History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_History "Breaking History")* (2022) *[Holding the Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_the_Line "Holding the Line")* (2022) *[Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_Man:_The_Making_of_Donald_Trump_and_the_Breaking_of_America "Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America")* (2022) *[The Divider: Trump in the White House, 2017–2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Divider:_Trump_in_the_White_House,_2017%E2%80%932021 "The Divider: Trump in the White House, 2017–2021")* (2022) *[The Trump Tapes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Tapes "The Trump Tapes")* (2022) *[Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enough_\(book\) "Enough (book)")* (2023) *[Network of Lies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_Lies_\(book\) "Network of Lies (book)")* (2023) *[Tired of Winning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tired_of_Winning_\(book\) "Tired of Winning (book)")* (2023) *[At War with Ourselves: My Tour of Duty in the Trump White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R._McMaster "H.R. McMaster")* (2024) *[All in the Family: The Trumps and How We Got This Way](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III")* (2024) *[Who Could Ever Love You](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Could_Ever_Love_You "Who Could Ever Love You")* (2024) *[Lucky Loser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Loser_\(book\) "Lucky Loser (book)")* (2024) *[Melania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_\(memoir\) "Melania (memoir)")* (2024) *[All or Nothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_or_Nothing_\(book\) "All or Nothing (book)")* (2025) | |
| Radio, [TV and film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") | | |
| | | |
| By Trump | [*The Apprentice* franchise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(franchise\) "The Apprentice (franchise)") [*The Apprentice* (U.S.)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") (2004–2010) *[The Celebrity Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice "The Celebrity Apprentice")* (2008–2017) *[The Ultimate Merger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ultimate_Merger "The Ultimate Merger")* (2010–2011) *[Trumped\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped! "Trumped!")* (2004–2008) *[Pageant Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageant_Place "Pageant Place")* (2007) | |
| About Trump | *[Trump: What's the Deal?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_What%27s_the_Deal%3F "Trump: What's the Deal?")* (1991) *[Trump Unauthorized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Unauthorized "Trump Unauthorized")* (2005) *[You've Been Trumped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27ve_Been_Trumped "You've Been Trumped")* (2011) *[A Dangerous Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dangerous_Game_\(2014_film\) "A Dangerous Game (2014 film)")* (2014) *[Michael Moore in TrumpLand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore_in_TrumpLand "Michael Moore in TrumpLand")* (2016) *[Trumped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped_\(2017_film\) "Trumped (2017 film)")* (2017) *[Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_The_Kremlin_Candidate%3F "Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?")* (2017) *[American Horror Story: Cult](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Cult "American Horror Story: Cult")* (2017) *[Dirty Money: The Confidence Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Money_\(2018_TV_series\) "Dirty Money (2018 TV series)")* (2018) *[Trump: An American Dream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_An_American_Dream "Trump: An American Dream")* (2018) *[The Fourth Estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Estate_\(TV_series\) "The Fourth Estate (TV series)")* (2018) *[Death of a Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_a_Nation_\(2018_film\) "Death of a Nation (2018 film)")* (2018) *[Fahrenheit 11/9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit_11/9 "Fahrenheit 11/9")* (2018) *[The Trump Prophecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Prophecy "The Trump Prophecy")* (2018) *[America's Great Divide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide:_From_Obama_to_Trump "America's Great Divide: From Obama to Trump")* (2020) *[Trump Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Card_\(2020_film\) "Trump Card (2020 film)")* (2020) *[The Choice 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Choice_2020 "The Choice 2020")* (2020) *[The Comey Rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comey_Rule "The Comey Rule")* (2020) *[Totally Under Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally_Under_Control "Totally Under Control")* (2020) *[The Curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curve_\(2020_film\) "The Curve (2020 film)")* (2020) *[Unprecedented](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unprecedented_\(miniseries\) "Unprecedented (miniseries)")* (2022) *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(2024_film\) "The Apprentice (2024 film)")* (2024) *[Vindicating Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindicating_Trump "Vindicating Trump")* (2024) | |
| Satires | *[Pizza Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Man_\(1991_film\) "Pizza Man (1991 film)")* (1991) [Bart to the Future](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future "Bart to the Future") (2000) *[Our Cartoon President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President "Our Cartoon President")* *[The President Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_President_Show "The President Show")* *[The Queen's Corgi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Corgi "The Queen's Corgi")* *[The Art of the Deal: The Movie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_The_Art_of_the_Deal:_The_Movie "Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie")* (2016) [*Last Week Tonight*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_segments_about_Donald_Trump "Last Week Tonight segments about Donald Trump") [February 28, 2016, episode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_\(Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver\) "Donald Trump (Last Week Tonight with John Oliver)") *[Tracey Breaks the News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracey_Breaks_the_News "Tracey Breaks the News")* *[Tracey Ullman's Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracey_Ullman%27s_Show "Tracey Ullman's Show")* (2018) ["Demise of the Planet of the Apes / The Celebrity Ape-rentice" (*Mad*)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mad_episodes "List of Mad episodes") ["The Thanksgiving Special" (*Regular Show*)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Special "The Thanksgiving Special") [*Saturday Night Live*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Herbert Garrison (*South Park*)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Garrison "Mr. Garrison") *[Spitting Image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitting_Image_\(2020_TV_series\) "Spitting Image (2020 TV series)")* (2020) *[Borat Subsequent Moviefilm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borat_Subsequent_Moviefilm "Borat Subsequent Moviefilm")* (2020) "[Trump: The Rusical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_The_Rusical "Trump: The Rusical")" *[Trump vs. Bernie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_vs._Bernie "Trump vs. Bernie")* *[You Got Trumped: The First 100 Days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Got_Trumped:_The_First_100_Days "You Got Trumped: The First 100 Days")* *[Harvey Birdman: Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Birdman:_Attorney_General "Harvey Birdman: Attorney General")* *[Sassy Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassy_Justice "Sassy Justice")* *[Trump vs the Illuminati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_vs_the_Illuminati "Trump vs the Illuminati")* "[Trump Guy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Guy "Trump Guy")" [Biff Tannen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biff_Tannen "Biff Tannen") | |
| [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music "Donald Trump in music") | "[Donald Trump (Black Version)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemonium_\(The_Time_album\) "Pandemonium (The Time album)")" (1990) "[Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_\(In_the_Hills_of_Donegal\) "Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal)")" (1991) "[Country Grammar (Hot Shit)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Grammar_\(Hot_Shit\) "Country Grammar (Hot Shit)")" (2000) "[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_\(song\) "Donald Trump (song)")" (2011) *[Up Like Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SremmLife "SremmLife")* (2014) *[Make America Psycho Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Psycho_Again "Make America Psycho Again")* (2015 album) "[FDT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDT_\(song\) "FDT (song)")" (2016) *[1,000 Days, 1,000 Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,000_Days,_1,000_Songs "1,000 Days, 1,000 Songs")* "[Million Dollar Loan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Dollar_Loan "Million Dollar Loan")" (2016) "[Campaign Speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_Speech "Campaign Speech")" (2016) "[We the People....](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_the_People...._\(song\) "We the People.... (song)")" (2016) "[Land of the Free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_the_Free_\(Joey_Badass_song\) "Land of the Free (Joey Badass song)")" (2017) "[Legendary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendary_\(Deadmau5_and_Shotty_Horroh_song\) "Legendary (Deadmau5 and Shotty Horroh song)")" (2017) "[The Heart Part 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heart_Part_4 "The Heart Part 4")" (2017) "[I'm Not Racist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_Not_Racist "I'm Not Racist")" (2017) "[Tiny Hands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Hands "Tiny Hands")" (2017) *[Too Dumb for Suicide: Tim Heidecker's Trump Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_Dumb_for_Suicide:_Tim_Heidecker%27s_Trump_Songs "Too Dumb for Suicide: Tim Heidecker's Trump Songs")* (2017) "[Ye vs. the People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye_vs._the_People "Ye vs. the People")" (2018) "[Love It If We Made It](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_It_If_We_Made_It "Love It If We Made It")" (2018) "[Batuka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuka_\(song\) "Batuka (song)")" (2019) "[Quick Escape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_Escape "Quick Escape")" (2020) "[Commander in Chief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander_in_Chief_\(song\) "Commander in Chief (song)")" (2020) "[Justice for All](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_for_All_\(song\) "Justice for All (song)")" (2023) "[You Missed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Missed "You Missed")" (2024) | |
| Artwork | *[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(sculpture\) "Best Friends Forever (sculpture)")* [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") *[Crooked and Obscene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crooked_and_Obscene "Crooked and Obscene")* *[The Donald J. Trump Enduring Flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Donald_J._Trump_Enduring_Flame "The Donald J. Trump Enduring Flame")* *[Dump Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump_Trump_\(statue\) "Dump Trump (statue)")* *[The Emperor Has No Balls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emperor_Has_No_Balls "The Emperor Has No Balls")* *[God Emperor Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Emperor_Trump "God Emperor Trump")* *[In Honor of a Lifetime of Sexual Assault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Honor_of_a_Lifetime_of_Sexual_Assault "In Honor of a Lifetime of Sexual Assault")* *[King of the World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_World_\(sculpture\) "King of the World (sculpture)")* *[Make Everything Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Everything_Great_Again "Make Everything Great Again")* [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Donald_Trump_\(Slovenia\) "Statue of Donald Trump (Slovenia)") *[A Throne Fit for a King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Throne_Fit_for_a_King "A Throne Fit for a King")* *[Trump Buddha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Buddha "Trump Buddha")* *[The Visionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visionary "The Visionary")* | |
| Games | *[Trump: The Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump:_The_Game "Trump: The Game")* *[Trump Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Castle_\(series\) "Trump Castle (series)")* *[II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Castle_II "Trump Castle II")* *[Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Wants_to_Beat_Up_a_Millionaire "Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire")* *[Real Estate Tycoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_Real_Estate_Tycoon "Donald Trump's Real Estate Tycoon")* *[The Political Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Machine_\(series\) "The Political Machine (series)")* *[2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Machine_2012 "The Political Machine 2012")* *[2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Machine_2016 "The Political Machine 2016")* *[2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Machine_2020 "The Political Machine 2020")* *[Trumped Up Cards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped_Up_Cards "Trumped Up Cards")* *[Secret Hitler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Hitler "Secret Hitler")* | |
| Websites | [r/The\_Donald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/The_Donald "R/The Donald") [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") [Wikipedia coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump "Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump") | |
| Related | [Cultural depictions of Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Ivanka_Trump "Cultural depictions of Ivanka Trump") [Public image of Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Melania_Trump "Public image of Melania Trump") [Winning Team Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_Team_Publishing "Winning Team Publishing") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet "Template:Current U.S. Cabinet") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._Cabinet "Template talk:Current U.S. Cabinet") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet "Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. Cabinet")Members of the [Cabinet of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States "Cabinet of the United States") | | |
| Cabinet members | **[Trump]()** • **[Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance")** [Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") [Blanche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Blanche "Todd Blanche") (acting) [Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum") [Chavez-DeRemer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer "Lori Chavez-DeRemer") [Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Collins_\(politician\) "Doug Collins (politician)") [Duffy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Duffy "Sean Duffy") [Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") [Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") [Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") [McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") [Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") [Rollins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke_Rollins "Brooke Rollins") [Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") [Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Turner_\(politician\) "Scott Turner (politician)") [Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wright "Chris Wright") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_White_House_logo_under_Trump_2.0.jpg "White House Logo") |
| [Cabinet-level members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States#Cabinet-level_officials "Cabinet of the United States") | [Gabbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard "Tulsi Gabbard") [Greer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson_Greer "Jamieson Greer") [Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") [Ratcliffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ratcliffe "John Ratcliffe") [Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought") [Wiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Wiles "Susie Wiles") [Zeldin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Zeldin "Lee Zeldin") | |
| [Cabinet of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_G7_leaders "Template:Current G7 leaders") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G7_leaders "Template talk:Current G7 leaders") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G7_leaders "Special:EditPage/Template:Current G7 leaders")[Leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_G7_leaders "List of G7 leaders") of the [Group of Seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7 "G7") | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") [Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France") [Macron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron "Emmanuel Macron") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany") [Merz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz "Friedrich Merz") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") [Meloni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni "Giorgia Meloni") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") [Takaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi "Sanae Takaichi") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") [Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Trump]() [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") [Costa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa "António Costa") / [Von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_NATO_leaders "Template:Current NATO leaders") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_NATO_leaders "Template talk:Current NATO leaders") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_NATO_leaders "Special:EditPage/Template:Current NATO leaders")[Leaders of NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO "NATO") | | |
| **[Secretary General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO "Secretary General of NATO"): [Rutte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte "Mark Rutte")** | | |
| Albania: [Rama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi_Rama "Edi Rama") Belgium: [De Wever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_De_Wever "Bart De Wever") Bulgaria: [Gyurov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Gyurov "Andrey Gyurov") Canada: [Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney") Croatia: [Plenković](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87 "Andrej Plenković") Czech Republic: [Babiš](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1 "Andrej Babiš") Denmark: [Frederiksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen "Mette Frederiksen") Estonia: [Michal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Michal "Kristen Michal") Finland: [Orpo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petteri_Orpo "Petteri Orpo") France: [Macron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron "Emmanuel Macron") Germany: [Merz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz "Friedrich Merz") Greece: [Mitsotakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis "Kyriakos Mitsotakis") Hungary: [Orbán](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n "Viktor Orbán") Iceland: [Kristrún](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristr%C3%BAn_Frostad%C3%B3ttir "Kristrún Frostadóttir") Italy: [Meloni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni "Giorgia Meloni") Latvia: [Siliņa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a "Evika Siliņa") Lithuania: [Nausėda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da "Gitanas Nausėda") Luxembourg: [Frieden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Frieden "Luc Frieden") Montenegro: [Spajić](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87 "Milojko Spajić") Netherlands: [Jetten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Jetten "Rob Jetten") North Macedonia: [Mickoski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski "Hristijan Mickoski") Norway: [Støre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re "Jonas Gahr Støre") Poland: [Tusk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk "Donald Tusk") Portugal: [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro "Luís Montenegro") Romania: [Dan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicu%C8%99or_Dan "Nicușor Dan") Slovakia: [Fico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fico "Robert Fico") Slovenia: [Golob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Golob "Robert Golob") Spain: [Sánchez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez "Pedro Sánchez") Sweden: [Kristersson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson "Ulf Kristersson") Turkey: [Erdoğan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan") United Kingdom: [Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") United States: [Trump]() | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders "Template:Current G20 leaders") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders "Template talk:Current G20 leaders") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders "Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders")[Leaders of the G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20 "G20") | | |
| African Union: [Lourenço](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o "João Lourenço") / [Youssouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamoud_Ali_Youssouf "Mahamoud Ali Youssouf") Argentina: [Milei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei "Javier Milei") Australia: [Albanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese "Anthony Albanese") Brazil: [Lula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva") Canada: [Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney") China: [Xi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") European Union: [Costa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa "António Costa") / [von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") France: [Macron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron "Emmanuel Macron") Germany: [Merz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz "Friedrich Merz") India: [Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi") Indonesia: [Prabowo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto "Prabowo Subianto") Italy: [Meloni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni "Giorgia Meloni") Japan: [Takaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi "Sanae Takaichi") Mexico: [Sheinbaum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum "Claudia Sheinbaum") Russia: [Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin") Saudi Arabia: [Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia "Salman of Saudi Arabia") South Africa: [Ramaphosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa "Cyril Ramaphosa") South Korea: [Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung "Lee Jae Myung") Turkey: [Erdoğan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan") United Kingdom: [Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") United States: [Trump]() | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:APEC_leaders "Template:APEC leaders") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:APEC_leaders "Template talk:APEC leaders") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:APEC_leaders "Special:EditPage/Template:APEC leaders")[Leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government "Head of government") of the [Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation") | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [Albanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese "Anthony Albanese") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei "Brunei") [Bolkiah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah "Hassanal Bolkiah") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") [Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile "Chile") [Kast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Kast "José Antonio Kast") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") [Xi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan") [Lai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai_Ching-te "Lai Ching-te") ([Envoy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Taipei_representatives_to_APEC "List of Chinese Taipei representatives to APEC"): [Lin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Hsin-i "Lin Hsin-i"))1 [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") [Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu "John Lee Ka-chiu") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia") [Prabowo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto "Prabowo Subianto") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") [Takaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi "Sanae Takaichi") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") [Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung "Lee Jae Myung") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") [Anwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim "Anwar Ibrahim") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico "Mexico") [Sheinbaum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum "Claudia Sheinbaum") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") [Luxon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Luxon "Christopher Luxon") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea") [Marape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Marape "James Marape") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru "Peru") [Balcázar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Balc%C3%A1zar "José María Balcázar") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines "Philippines") [Marcos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos "Bongbong Marcos") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") [Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore") [Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand "Thailand") [Anutin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Trump]() [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam") [Cường](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng "Lương Cường") | | |
| 1 President is a non-participant; Taiwan is represented as [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei "Chinese Taipei"). | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Template:Presidents of the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Template talk:Presidents of the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the United States")[Presidents of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | | |
| Presidents and presidencies | [George Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington "George Washington") ([1789–1797](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington "Presidency of George Washington")) [John Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams "John Adams") ([1797–1801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams "Presidency of John Adams")) [Thomas Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson "Thomas Jefferson") ([1801–1809](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson "Presidency of Thomas Jefferson")) [James Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison "James Madison") ([1809–1817](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison "Presidency of James Madison")) [James Monroe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe "James Monroe") ([1817–1825](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe "Presidency of James Monroe")) [John Quincy Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams "John Quincy Adams") ([1825–1829](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams "Presidency of John Quincy Adams")) [Andrew Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson "Andrew Jackson") ([1829–1837](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson "Presidency of Andrew Jackson")) [Martin Van Buren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren "Martin Van Buren") ([1837–1841](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren "Presidency of Martin Van Buren")) [William Henry Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison "William Henry Harrison") ([1841](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_\(1841\) "William Henry Harrison")) [John Tyler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler "John Tyler") ([1841–1845](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler "Presidency of John Tyler")) [James K. Polk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk "James K. Polk") ([1845–1849](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk "Presidency of James K. Polk")) [Zachary Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor "Zachary Taylor") ([1849–1850](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_\(1849%E2%80%931850\) "Zachary Taylor")) [Millard Fillmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Fillmore "Millard Fillmore") ([1850–1853](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore "Presidency of Millard Fillmore")) [Franklin Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce "Franklin Pierce") ([1853–1857](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce "Presidency of Franklin Pierce")) [James Buchanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan "James Buchanan") ([1857–1861](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan "Presidency of James Buchanan")) [Abraham Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln "Abraham Lincoln") ([1861–1865](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln "Presidency of Abraham Lincoln")) [Andrew Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson "Andrew Johnson") ([1865–1869](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson "Presidency of Andrew Johnson")) [Ulysses S. Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant "Ulysses S. Grant") ([1869–1877](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant")) [Rutherford B. Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes "Rutherford B. Hayes") ([1877–1881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes "Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes")) [James A. Garfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield "James A. Garfield") ([1881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield#Presidency_\(1881\) "James A. Garfield")) [Chester A. Arthur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur "Chester A. Arthur") ([1881–1885](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur")) [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland") ([1885–1889](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland "First presidency of Grover Cleveland")) [Benjamin Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison "Benjamin Harrison") ([1889–1893](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison "Presidency of Benjamin Harrison")) [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland") ([1893–1897](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland "Second presidency of Grover Cleveland")) [William McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley "William McKinley") ([1897–1901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley "Presidency of William McKinley")) [Theodore Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt "Theodore Roosevelt") ([1901–1909](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt")) [William Howard Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft "William Howard Taft") ([1909–1913](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft "Presidency of William Howard Taft")) [Woodrow Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson "Woodrow Wilson") ([1913–1921](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson")) [Warren G. Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding "Warren G. Harding") ([1921–1923](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding "Presidency of Warren G. Harding")) [Calvin Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge "Calvin Coolidge") ([1923–1929](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge "Presidency of Calvin Coolidge")) [Herbert Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover "Herbert Hoover") ([1929–1933](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover "Presidency of Herbert Hoover")) [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Franklin D. Roosevelt") ([1933–1945](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt")) [Harry S. Truman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman "Harry S. Truman") ([1945–1953](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman "Presidency of Harry S. Truman")) [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Dwight D. Eisenhower") ([1953–1961](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower")) [John F. Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy "John F. Kennedy") ([1961–1963](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy "Presidency of John F. Kennedy")) [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson "Lyndon B. Johnson") ([1963–1969](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson")) [Richard Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") ([1969–1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon "Presidency of Richard Nixon")) [Gerald Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford "Gerald Ford") ([1974–1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford "Presidency of Gerald Ford")) [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter") ([1977–1981](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter")) [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") ([1981–1989](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan "Presidency of Ronald Reagan")) [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") ([1989–1993](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush "Presidency of George H. W. Bush")) [Bill Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton "Bill Clinton") ([1993–2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton "Presidency of Bill Clinton")) [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush") ([2001–2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush "Presidency of George W. Bush")) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") ([2009–2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Presidency of Barack Obama")) [Donald Trump]() ([2017–2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump")) [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") ([2021–2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden")) [Donald Trump]() ([2025–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump")) | |
| Presidency timelines | [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency "Timeline of the George Washington presidency") [J. Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_Adams_presidency "Timeline of the John Adams presidency") [Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Thomas_Jefferson_presidency "Timeline of the Thomas Jefferson presidency") [Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Madison_presidency "Timeline of the James Madison presidency") [McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_McKinley_presidency "Timeline of the William McKinley presidency") [T. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency "Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency") [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency "Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency") [Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency "Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency") [Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency "Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency") [Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency "Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency") [Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency "Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency") [F. D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency "Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency") [Truman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency "Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency") [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency "Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency") [Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency "Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency") [L. B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency "Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency") [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency "Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency") [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency "Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency") [Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency "Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency") [Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency "Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency") [G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency "Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency") [Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency "Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency") [G. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency "Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency") [Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency") [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency "Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency") | |
|  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Category:Presidents of the United States")  [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates "Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates "Template talk:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates "Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates")[Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States "List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States") | | |
| | | |
| [Thomas Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson "Thomas Jefferson") ([1796](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election "1796 United States presidential election")) [John Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams "John Adams") ([1800](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election "1800 United States presidential election")) [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney "Charles Cotesworth Pinckney") ([1804](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election "1804 United States presidential election"), [1808](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election "1808 United States presidential election")) [DeWitt Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton "DeWitt Clinton") ([1812](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election "1812 United States presidential election")) [Rufus King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King "Rufus King") ([1816](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election "1816 United States presidential election")) [Andrew Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson "Andrew Jackson") ([1824](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election "1824 United States presidential election")) [William H. Crawford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Crawford "William H. Crawford") ([1824](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election "1824 United States presidential election")) [Henry Clay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay "Henry Clay") ([1824](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election "1824 United States presidential election"), [1832](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election "1832 United States presidential election"), [1844](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election "1844 United States presidential election")) [John Quincy Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams "John Quincy Adams") ([1828](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election "1828 United States presidential election")) [William Henry Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison "William Henry Harrison") ([1836](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election "1836 United States presidential election")) [Hugh Lawson White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White "Hugh Lawson White") ([1836](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election "1836 United States presidential election")) [Martin Van Buren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren "Martin Van Buren") ([1840](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election "1840 United States presidential election")) [Lewis Cass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Cass "Lewis Cass") ([1848](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election "1848 United States presidential election")) [Winfield Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott "Winfield Scott") ([1852](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election "1852 United States presidential election")) [John C. Frémont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont "John C. Frémont") ([1856](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election "1856 United States presidential election")) [Stephen A. Douglas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas "Stephen A. Douglas") ([1860](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election "1860 United States presidential election")) [John C. Breckinridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge "John C. Breckinridge") ([1860](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election "1860 United States presidential election")) [George B. McClellan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_B._McClellan "George B. McClellan") ([1864](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign "George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign")) [Horatio Seymour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Seymour "Horatio Seymour") ([1868](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign "Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign")) [Horace Greeley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Greeley "Horace Greeley") ([1872](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign "Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign")) [Samuel J. Tilden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden "Samuel J. Tilden") ([1876](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign "Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign")) [Winfield Scott Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock "Winfield Scott Hancock") ([1880](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign "Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign")) [James G. Blaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine "James G. Blaine") ([1884](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election "1884 United States presidential election")) [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland") ([1888](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign "Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign")) [Benjamin Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison "Benjamin Harrison") ([1892](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election")) [William Jennings Bryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan "William Jennings Bryan") ([1896](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign "William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign"), [1900](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign "William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign"), [1908](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign "William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign")) [Alton B. Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton_B._Parker "Alton B. Parker") ([1904](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign "Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign")) [William Howard Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft "William Howard Taft") ([1912](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election "1912 United States presidential election")) [Charles Evans Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes "Charles Evans Hughes") ([1916](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election "1916 United States presidential election")) [James M. Cox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Cox "James M. Cox") ([1920](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election "1920 United States presidential election")) [John W. Davis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Davis "John W. Davis") ([1924](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election "1924 United States presidential election")) [Al Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Smith "Al Smith") ([1928](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign "Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign")) [Herbert Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover "Herbert Hoover") ([1932](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election "1932 United States presidential election")) [Alf Landon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Landon "Alf Landon") ([1936](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election "1936 United States presidential election")) [Wendell Willkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie "Wendell Willkie") ([1940](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election "1940 United States presidential election")) [Thomas E. Dewey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey "Thomas E. Dewey") ([1944](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election "1944 United States presidential election"), [1948](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election "1948 United States presidential election")) [Adlai Stevenson II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II "Adlai Stevenson II") ([1952](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election "1952 United States presidential election"), [1956](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election "1956 United States presidential election")) [Richard Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") ([1960](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign "Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign")) [Barry Goldwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Goldwater "Barry Goldwater") ([1964](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign "Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign")) [Hubert Humphrey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey "Hubert Humphrey") ([1968](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign "Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign")) [George McGovern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovern "George McGovern") ([1972](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign "George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign")) [Gerald Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford "Gerald Ford") ([1976](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign "Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign")) [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter") ([1980](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign "Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign")) [Walter Mondale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Mondale "Walter Mondale") ([1984](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign "Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign")) [Michael Dukakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dukakis "Michael Dukakis") ([1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign "Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign")) [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") ([1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign "George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign")) [Bob Dole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole "Bob Dole") ([1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign "Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign")) [Al Gore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore "Al Gore") ([2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign "Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign")) [John Kerry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry "John Kerry") ([2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign "John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign")) [John McCain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain "John McCain") ([2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign "John McCain 2008 presidential campaign")) [Mitt Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney "Mitt Romney") ([2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign "Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign")) [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") ([2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign "Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign")) [Donald Trump]() ([2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign")) [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") ([2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign "Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign")) | | |
|  [All presidential candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year "Category:United States presidential candidates by year")  [Presidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States")  [Third-party candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections "List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:First_Trump_cabinet "Template:First Trump cabinet") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:First_Trump_cabinet "Template talk:First Trump cabinet") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Trump_cabinet "Special:EditPage/Template:First Trump cabinet")[First cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump") of [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [Donald Trump]() (2017–2021) | | |
| Cabinet | | |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") ([2017–2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Mike_Pence "Vice presidency of Mike Pence")) |  |
| [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State "United States Secretary of State") | [Rex Tillerson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Tillerson "Rex Tillerson") (2017–2018) [Mike Pompeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pompeo "Mike Pompeo") (2018–2021) | |
| [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury "United States Secretary of the Treasury") | [Steven Mnuchin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin "Steven Mnuchin") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") | [Jim Mattis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Mattis "Jim Mattis") (2017–2019) [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") (2019–2020) [Christopher C. Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller "Christopher C. Miller") (acting) (2020–2021) | |
| [Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General "United States Attorney General") | [Jeff Sessions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Sessions "Jeff Sessions") (2017–2018) [William Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") (2019–2020) [Jeffrey A. Rosen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Rosen "Jeffrey A. Rosen") (acting) (2020–2021) | |
| [Secretary of the Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior "United States Secretary of the Interior") | [Ryan Zinke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Zinke "Ryan Zinke") (2017–2019) [David Bernhardt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bernhardt "David Bernhardt") (2019–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Agriculture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture "United States Secretary of Agriculture") | [Sonny Perdue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Perdue "Sonny Perdue") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Commerce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce "United States Secretary of Commerce") | [Wilbur Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Ross "Wilbur Ross") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor "United States Secretary of Labor") | [Alexander Acosta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Acosta "Alexander Acosta") (2017–2019) [Eugene Scalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Scalia "Eugene Scalia") (2019–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") | [Tom Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Price_\(American_politician\) "Tom Price (American politician)") (2017) [Alex Azar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Azar "Alex Azar") (2018–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") | [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation "United States Secretary of Transportation") | [Elaine Chao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Chao "Elaine Chao") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy "United States Secretary of Energy") | [Rick Perry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Perry "Rick Perry") (2017–2019) [Dan Brouillette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Brouillette "Dan Brouillette") (2019–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education "United States Secretary of Education") | [Betsy DeVos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_DeVos "Betsy DeVos") (2017–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Veterans Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs "United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs") | [David Shulkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Shulkin "David Shulkin") (2017–2018) [Robert Wilkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wilkie "Robert Wilkie") (2018–2021) | |
| [Secretary of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security") | [John F. Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kelly "John F. Kelly") (2017) [Kirstjen Nielsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirstjen_Nielsen "Kirstjen Nielsen") (2017–2019) [Chad Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Wolf "Chad Wolf") (acting) (2019–2021) | |
| Cabinet-level | | |
| [Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency "Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency") | [Scott Pruitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Pruitt "Scott Pruitt") (2017–2018) [Andrew R. Wheeler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_R._Wheeler "Andrew R. Wheeler") (2018–2021) | |
| [Director of the Office of Management and Budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget "Office of Management and Budget") | [Mick Mulvaney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney "Mick Mulvaney") (2017–2020) [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought") (2020–2021) | |
| [Director of National Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence "Director of National Intelligence") | [Dan Coats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Coats "Dan Coats") (2017–2019) [John Ratcliffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_\(American_politician\) "John Ratcliffe (American politician)") (2020–2021) | |
| [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") | [Mike Pompeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pompeo "Mike Pompeo") (2017–2018) [Gina Haspel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina_Haspel "Gina Haspel") (2018–2021) | |
| [Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") | [Robert Lighthizer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer "Robert Lighthizer") (2017–2021) | |
| [Ambassador to the United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations "List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations") | [Nikki Haley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Haley "Nikki Haley") (2017–2018) [Kelly Craft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Craft "Kelly Craft") (2019–2021) | |
| [Administrator of the Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration "Administrator of the Small Business Administration") | [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") (2017–2019) [Jovita Carranza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovita_Carranza "Jovita Carranza") (2020–2021) | |
| [White House Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") | [Reince Priebus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reince_Priebus "Reince Priebus") (2017) [John F. Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kelly "John F. Kelly") (2017–2019) [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows") (2020–2021) | |
| See also: [Political appointments of the first Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the first Trump administration") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Second_Trump_cabinet "Template:Second Trump cabinet") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Trump_cabinet "Template talk:Second Trump cabinet") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Trump_cabinet "Special:EditPage/Template:Second Trump cabinet")[Second cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") of [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [Donald Trump]() (2025–present) | | |
| Cabinet | | |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") ([2025–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_JD_Vance "Vice presidency of JD Vance")) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\).jpg) |
| [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State "United States Secretary of State") | [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury "United States Secretary of the Treasury") | [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") | [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") (2025–present) | |
| [Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General "United States Attorney General") | [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") (2025–2026) [Todd Blanche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Blanche "Todd Blanche") (2026–present, acting) | |
| [Secretary of the Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior "United States Secretary of the Interior") | [Doug Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Agriculture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture "United States Secretary of Agriculture") | [Brooke Rollins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke_Rollins "Brooke Rollins") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Commerce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce "United States Secretary of Commerce") | [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor "United States Secretary of Labor") | [Lori Chavez-DeRemer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer "Lori Chavez-DeRemer") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") | [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") | [Scott Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Turner_\(politician\) "Scott Turner (politician)") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation "United States Secretary of Transportation") | [Sean Duffy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Duffy "Sean Duffy") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy "United States Secretary of Energy") | [Chris Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wright "Chris Wright") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education "United States Secretary of Education") | [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Veterans Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs "United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs") | [Doug Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Collins_\(politician\) "Doug Collins (politician)") (2025–present) | |
| [Secretary of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security") | [Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") (2025–2026) [Markwayne Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") (2026–present) | |
| Cabinet-level | | |
| [Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency "Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency") | [Lee Zeldin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Zeldin "Lee Zeldin") (2025–present) | |
| Director of the [Office of Management and Budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget "Office of Management and Budget") | [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought") (2025–present) | |
| [Director of National Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence "Director of National Intelligence") | [Tulsi Gabbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard "Tulsi Gabbard") (2025–present) | |
| [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") | [John Ratcliffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ratcliffe "John Ratcliffe") (2025–present) | |
| [Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") | [Jamieson Greer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson_Greer "Jamieson Greer") (2025–present) | |
| [Administrator of the Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration "Administrator of the Small Business Administration") | [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") (2025–present) | |
| [White House Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") | [Susie Wiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Wiles "Susie Wiles") (2025–present) | |
| See also: [Political appointments of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the second Trump administration") | | |
**Donald Trump** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"):
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- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[**Media**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "c:Donald Trump") from Commons
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg)[**News**](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump "n:Category:Donald Trump") from Wikinews
- [**Quotations**](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "q:Donald Trump") from Wikiquote
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg)[**Texts**](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Donald_John_Trump "s:Author:Donald John Trump") from Wikisource
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg)[**Resources**](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States/Donald_Trump "v:President of the United States/Donald Trump") from Wikiversity
- [**Data**](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22686 "d:Q22686") from Wikidata
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22686#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000108986765) [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/49272447) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/118834312) [FAST](https://id.worldcat.org/fast/174117) [WorldCat](https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdx6kjDbQc3ddXKHrxbh3) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85387872) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j) [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00476339) [Italy](https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV282134) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008619&CON_LNG=ENG) [Russia](http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000018418&CON_LNG=ENG) [Spain](https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1127639) [Romania](http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000226533) [Portugal](http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1297779) [Netherlands](http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073829463) [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97055467) [Taiwan](http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=000593845&CON_LNG=ENG) [2](http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=002505241&CON_LNG=ENG) [Latvia](https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000084831&P_CON_LNG=ENG) [Croatia](http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000386800&local_base=nsk10) [Chile](http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000883258) [Greece](https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=265994) [Argentina](https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000053733) [Korea](https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199627898) [Sweden](https://libris.kb.se/sq47b3tb0qfmqbh) [Poland](https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810632409005606) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007278742805171) [Catalonia](https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058612637606706) [Belgium](https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14087742) |
| Academics | [CiNii](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08488604?l=en) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4759-9142) [Scopus](https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57194509714) |
| Artists | [ULAN](https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500082105) [MusicBrainz](https://musicbrainz.org/artist/13dc1600-baca-4aaf-beee-fb000b66ae24) [Emmy Awards](https://www.emmys.com/bios/donald-trump) |
| People | [Trove](https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/833430) [LibraryThing](https://www.librarything.com/author/trumpdonald) [Deutsche Biographie](https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118834312.html?language=en) [Deutsche Synchronkartei](https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/DqcKnNufb) [DDB](https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118834312) |
| Other | [IdRef](https://www.idref.fr/145942198) [Open Library](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL398175A?mode=all) [NARA](https://catalog.archives.gov/id/286186150) [SNAC](https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rp0sqg) [Te Papa (New Zealand)](https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/61581) [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/a1702b09-f845-48a1-b3ae-2c364ff65a3f) |
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Donald Trump
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) |
| Readable Markdown | | Donald Trump | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\).jpg)[Official portrait, 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump#2025_presidential_portrait "Official portraits of Donald Trump") | |
| 45th & 47th [President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
| **[Incumbent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent "Incumbent")** | |
| **Assumed office** January 20, 2025 | |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") |
| Preceded by | [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") |
| **In office** January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 | |
| Vice President | [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") |
| Preceded by | [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") |
| Succeeded by | Joe Biden |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Donald John Trump June 14, 1946 (age 79)[Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), New York City, U.S. |
| [Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party "Political party") | [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") (1969–1978, 1987–1999, 2009–2011, since 2012) |
| Other political affiliations | [Reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America "Reform Party of the United States of America") (1999–2001) [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") (2001–2009) [Independent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician "Independent politician") (2011–2012) |
| Spouses | [Ivana Zelníčková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1 "Ivana Zelníčková") (m. ; div. ) [Marla Maples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples "Marla Maples") (m. ; div. ) [Melania Knauss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Knauss "Melania Knauss") (m. ) |
| Children | [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Jr. "Donald Jr.") [Ivanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Tiffany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") [Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") |
| Parents | [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") [Mary Anne MacLeod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod "Mary Anne MacLeod") |
| Relatives | [Trump family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") |
| Education | [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania") ([BS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science "Bachelor of Science")) |
| Occupation | [Politician](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [businessman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [media personality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") |
| Signature | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trumpsignature2025.svg "Donald Trump's signature") |
| Website | [White House website](https://whitehouse.gov/) First presidency: [Presidential library](https://trumplibrary.gov/) [White House archives](https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/) |
| Trump on the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization")'s declaration of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") as a global pandemic Recorded March 11, 2020 | |
**Donald John Trump** (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States"). A member of the [Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)"), he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.
Born into a wealthy New York City family, Trump graduated from the [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania") in 1968 with a [bachelor's degree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree "Bachelor's degree") in economics. He became the president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it [the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), and began acquiring and building skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He launched side ventures, many licensing the Trump name, and filed for six business bankruptcies in the 1990s and 2000s. From 2004 to 2015, he hosted the reality television show *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)")*, bolstering his fame as a billionaire. Presenting himself as a political outsider, Trump won the [2016 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") against [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") nominee [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").
During [his first presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"), Trump imposed [a travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13769 "Executive Order 13769") on seven [Muslim-majority countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country#Countries "Islam by country"), expanded the [Mexico–United States border wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall"), and enforced [a family separation policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") on the border. He rolled back environmental and business regulations, signed the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"), and appointed three Supreme Court justices. He withdrew the U.S. from agreements on climate, trade, and Iran's nuclear program, and started [a trade war with China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war"). In response to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") in 2020, he downplayed its severity, contradicted health officials, and signed the [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act"). After losing the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") to [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), Trump [attempted to overturn the result](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), culminating in the [January 6 Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") in 2021. He was impeached twice—[in 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress and [in 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") for incitement of insurrection—and acquitted by the Senate both times.
In 2023, Trump was found liable in civil cases [for sexual abuse and defamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump") and [for business fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization"). In May 2024, he was found guilty on 34 counts [of falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York"), making him the first U.S. president convicted of a felony. After winning the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") against Vice President [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), he was given a no-penalty sentence, and two [federal felony indictments against him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") for [retention of classified documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") and [obstruction of the 2020 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") were dismissed without prejudice.
Trump began [his second presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") by initiating [mass layoffs of federal workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs"). He [imposed tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") on nearly all countries at the highest level since the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression") and signed the [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act"). His administration's actions—including [its targeting of political opponents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration") and civil society, [persecution of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration"), mass [deportation of immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), and extensive use of executive orders—have drawn over 550 [lawsuits challenging their legality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency"). In Latin America, he pursued a legally contested campaign to [attack alleged drug traffickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear"), and ordered [a military raid into Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") in which President [Nicolas Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Maduro "Nicolas Maduro") was captured and deposed. In February 2026, Trump authorized joint U.S.–Israeli strikes on Iran that resulted in the [2026 Iran war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war").
Since 2015, Trump's leadership style and political agenda—often referred to as [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism")—have reshaped the Republican Party's identity. Many of his comments and actions have been [characterized as racist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") or misogynistic. He has [made many false or misleading statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics, and [promotes conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump"). Trump's actions have been described by researchers as authoritarian and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"). After his first term, scholars and historians [ranked him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#Scholarly_rankings) as one of the worst presidents in American history.
Early life and education
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg)
1964 yearbook photo
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at [Jamaica Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Hospital "Jamaica Hospital") in the New York City borough of [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), the fourth child of [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") and [Mary Anne MacLeod Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump "Mary Anne MacLeod Trump").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201730,_37-1) He is of German and Scottish descent.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017v-2) He grew up with his older siblings, [Maryanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry "Maryanne Trump Barry"), [Fred Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr."), and Elizabeth, and his younger brother, [Robert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trump "Robert Trump"), in a 23-room mansion in the [Jamaica Estates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Estates "Jamaica Estates") neighborhood of Queens.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-3) Fred Trump paid his children each about \$20,000 a year, equivalent to \$265,000 a year in 2024. Trump was a millionaire in inflation-adjusted dollars by age eight.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202430%E2%80%9331-4)
Trump attended the private [Kew-Forest School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew-Forest_School "Kew-Forest School") through seventh grade. His father enrolled him in the [New York Military Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy "New York Military Academy"), a private boarding school, from eighth to twelfth grade.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201733,_38,_45-5) The academy pushed students into sports[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202466-6) and taught the imperative of winning.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201742-7)
Trump considered a show business career but instead, to be closer to home, enrolled at [Fordham University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordham_University "Fordham University") in 1964.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201745%E2%80%9347-8) He participated in the [Reserve Officers' Training Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps "Reserve Officers' Training Corps") during his first year, attending classes in a military uniform every Wednesday, but dropped it in his second year.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202499-9) In his junior year, he transferred to the [Wharton School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_School "Wharton School") of the [University of Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania "University of Pennsylvania"), most often commuting to his father's office on weekends, and graduated in May 1968 with a [Bachelor of Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science "Bachelor of Science") in economics.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747%E2%80%9350-10) Contrary to his statements that he was top of his class with the highest grades possible, Wharton's published academic honors and dean's list do not include his name.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-12) By the time he went to Wharton he was eyeing a career in real estate.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13) He was exempted from the draft during the Vietnam War due to a claim of [bone spurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_spurs "Bone spurs") in his heels.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201748-14)
Business career
Real estate
Starting in 1968, Trump was employed at Trump Management, his father's real estate company,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201750%E2%80%9351-15) which managed the middle-class apartment complexes Fred had built in [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), [Staten Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island "Staten Island"), and [Brooklyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn "Brooklyn").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201752%E2%80%9353-16) His main tasks were collecting rent and making repairs[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201676-17) for about five years.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51-18) Trump asked his father to expand to [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan") where prices were higher, but his father was content in the outer boroughs.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51-18) In 1971, he moved to Manhattan, where he planned to move the business[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201679-19) and commuted to his father's office.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201759-20) That year, his father made himself chairman and Trump president.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13) Trump began using the Trump Organization as an umbrella for the corporate names of his father's businesses.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015250-21)
[Roy Cohn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn "Roy Cohn"), Trump's most important early influence after his father,[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201681-22) was his [fixer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixer_\(person\) "Fixer (person)"), lawyer, and mentor[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016126-23) for 13 years in the 1970s and 1980s.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Mahler2016Cohn-24) Cohn taught Trump that life is transactional.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman202233-25) In 1973, Cohn helped Trump countersue the U.S. government for \$100 million (equivalent to \$725 million in 2025[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-inflation-US-26)) over its charges that Trump's properties had discriminated against Black applicants and tenants. The case was settled in a consent decree agreeing to desegregate, which the Trumps ended up in court for violating four years later.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201682%E2%80%9384-27) Helping Trump projects,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016190%E2%80%93191-28) Cohn was a [consigliere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consigliere "Consigliere") whose Mafia connections controlled construction unions.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston201645%E2%80%9346-29) In 1979, Cohn introduced political consultant [Roger Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone "Roger Stone") to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-30)
Trump showed a propensity for litigation, no matter the outcome and cost; even when he lost, he described the case as a win.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024126-31) By 2018, Trump had been involved in more than 4,000 lawsuits,[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-usat-lawsuits-32) liens, and other filings, often filed for nonpayment against him by employees, contractors, real estate brokers, and his own attorneys.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-33) Between 1991 and 2009, Trump filed for [Chapter 11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11 "Chapter 11") bankruptcy protection for six of his businesses: the [Plaza Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Hotel "Plaza Hotel") in Manhattan, the casinos in [Atlantic City, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey "Atlantic City, New Jersey"), and the [Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Hotels_%26_Casino_Resorts "Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts") company.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-34)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35)
In 1992 and 1994, Trump, working with several relatives, formed a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with significant markups; the increased costs were used to get state approval for increasing the rents of his rent-stabilized units. Besides inflating rents, the schemes served to transfer assets from Fred Trump to his children and nephew and lower their tax burden.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-36)
Manhattan and Chicago developments
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg)
In 1985 with a model of one of his aborted Manhattan development projects[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)
Trump gained public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture: the renovation of the derelict [Commodore Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York#Commodore_Hotel "Hyatt Grand Central New York"), adjacent to Grand Central Terminal.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-38) The financing was facilitated by a \$400 million city property tax abatement arranged for him by his father who also, jointly with [Hyatt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt "Hyatt"), guaranteed a \$70 million bank construction loan.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Rich_NYMag-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-40) The hotel reopened in 1980 as the [Grand Hyatt Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York "Hyatt Grand Central New York"),[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-41) and that same year, he obtained rights to develop [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower"), a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-42) The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Corporation and Trump's [PAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee "Political action committee") and was his primary residence until 2019.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-moved-43) In 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel with a loan from a consortium of 16 banks.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-44) The hotel filed for bankruptcy protection in 1992, and a reorganization plan was approved a month later, with the banks taking control of the property.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-45)
In 1995, Trump defaulted on over \$3 billion of bank loans, and the lenders seized the Plaza Hotel along with most of his other properties in a "vast and humiliating restructuring" that allowed him to avoid personal bankruptcy.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-plaza-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) Trump's last major construction project was the 92-story mixed-use [Trump International Hotel and Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Chicago\) "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") in Chicago, which opened in 2008. In 2024, [*The New York Times* and ProPublica reported](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\(Chicago\)#Tax_deductions "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") that the Internal Revenue Service was investigating whether he had twice written off losses incurred through construction cost overruns and lagging sales of residential units in the building he had declared to be worthless on his 2008 tax return.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)
Atlantic City casinos
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg)
Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal (now the [Hard Rock Hotel & Casino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock_Hotel_%26_Casino_Atlantic_City "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City")) in [Atlantic City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City "Atlantic City")
In 1984, Trump opened [Harrah's at Trump Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrah%27s_at_Trump_Plaza "Harrah's at Trump Plaza"), a hotel and casino, with financing and management help from the [Holiday Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Corporation "Holiday Corporation").[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) It was unprofitable, and he paid Holiday \$70 million in May 1986 to take sole control.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-50) In 1985, he bought the unopened Atlantic City Hilton Hotel and renamed it [Trump's Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%27s_Castle "Trump's Castle").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-51)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015351-52) Both casinos filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection in 1992.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-53) Trump bought a third Atlantic City venue in 1988, the [Trump Taj Mahal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal "Trump Taj Mahal"). It was financed with \$675 million in [junk bonds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_bonds "Junk bonds") and completed for \$1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) He filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991. Under the provisions of the restructuring agreement, Trump gave up half his initial stake and personally guaranteed future performance.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-54) To reduce his \$900 million of personal debt, he sold the [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") airline; his megayacht, the *[Trump Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Princess "Trump Princess")*, which had been leased to his casinos and kept docked; and other businesses.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of the Trump Plaza.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-56) THCR purchased the Taj Mahal and the Trump Castle in 1996 and went bankrupt in 2004 and 2009, leaving him with 10 percent ownership.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-fall-49) He remained chairman until 2009.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-57)
Golf clubs
In 1985, Trump acquired the [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") estate in Palm Beach, Florida.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-58) In 1995, he converted the estate into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues. Trump continued to use a wing of the house as a private residence.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-59) He declared the club his primary residence in 2019.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-moved-43) Trump began [building and buying golf courses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") in 1999, owning 17 golf courses globally by 2016.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-60)
Licensing the Trump name
[The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") often licensed the Trump name for consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, learning courses, and home furnishings.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-neckties-61) Over 50 licensing or management deals involved his name, generating at least \$59 million for his companies.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-62) By 2018, only two consumer goods companies continued to license Trump's name.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-neckties-61) During the 2000s, he licensed his name to real estate developments. Forty of the projects he announced were not completed.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024410-63)
Side ventures
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg)
1985 New Jersey Generals press conference in [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower")
In 1970, Trump invested \$70,000 of his father's wealth to receive billing as coproducer of a Broadway comedy—and lost the money.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig2024109-64) After making low-ball bids for the [New York Mets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mets "New York Mets") and the [Cleveland Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians "Cleveland Indians") baseball teams, in 1983 for about \$6 million, he purchased the [New Jersey Generals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals "New Jersey Generals"), a team in the [United States Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Football_League "United States Football League").[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017175-65) The league folded after the 1985 season, largely due to his attempt to move to a fall schedule (when it would have competed with the [National Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") for audience) and his attempt to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-66) In 1989 and 1990, he lent his name to the [Tour de Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Trump "Tour de Trump") cycling stage race, an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [Tour de France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France "Tour de France") or the [Giro d'Italia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia "Giro d'Italia").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-67)
From 1986 to 1988, he purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies while suggesting that he intended to take over the company and then sold his shares for a profit,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Buettner-190508-68) leading some observers to think he was engaged in [greenmail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenmail "Greenmail").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-69) *The New York Times* found that he initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Buettner-190508-68)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG)
Trump's star on the [Hollywood Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame "Hollywood Walk of Fame")
In 1988, Trump purchased the [Eastern Air Lines Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Shuttle "Eastern Air Lines Shuttle"), financing the purchase with \$380 million (equivalent to \$1.03 billion in 2025[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-inflation-US-26)) in loans from a syndicate of 22 banks. He renamed the airline [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") and operated it until 1992.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TA-70) He defaulted on his loans in 1991, and ownership passed to the banks.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-71) In 1996, he purchased the [Miss Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Universe "Miss Universe") pageants, including [Miss USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_USA "Miss USA") and [Miss Teen USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA "Miss Teen USA").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman2022129%E2%80%93130-72) Due to disagreements with [CBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS "CBS") about scheduling, he took both pageants to [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") in 2002.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-73)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-74) In 2007, he received a star on the [Hollywood Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame "Hollywood Walk of Fame") for his work as producer of Miss Universe.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-75) NBC and Univision dropped the pageants in June 2015 in reaction to his comments about Mexican immigrants.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-76)
Trump University
In 2005, Trump cofounded [Trump University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_University "Trump University"), a company that sold real estate seminars for up to \$35,000. After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of "university" violated state law because it was not an academic institution, its name was changed to the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Antonio2015281%E2%80%93282-77) In 2013, the State of New York filed a \$40 million civil suit against Trump University, alleging that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers. Additionally, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Antonio2015282%E2%80%93283-78) Shortly after he won the 2016 presidential election, he agreed to pay a total of \$25 million to settle the three cases.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-79)
Foundation
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a [private foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_foundation_\(United_States\) "Private foundation (United States)") established in 1988.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-80) From 1987 to 2006, Trump gave his foundation \$5.4 million, which had been spent by the end of 2006. After donating a total of \$65,000 in 2007–2008, he stopped donating any personal funds to the charity,[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-retool-81) which received millions from other donors, including \$5 million from [Vince McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_McMahon "Vince McMahon").[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-82) The foundation gave to health and sports-related charities, conservative groups,[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-83) and charities that held events at Trump properties.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-retool-81) In 2016, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including self-dealing and [tax evasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_evasion "Tax evasion").[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-84) Also in 2016, the New York attorney general stated the foundation had violated state law by soliciting donations without submitting to required annual external audits and ordered it to cease its fundraising activities in New York immediately.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) Trump's team announced in December 2016 that the foundation would be dissolved.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
In June 2018, the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking \$2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-87) In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed its assets to other charities.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-88) In November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay \$2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-89)
Legal affairs and bankruptcies
According to a review of state and federal court files conducted by *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")* in 2018, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-usat-lawsuits-32) While Trump has not filed for [personal bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_bankruptcy "Personal bankruptcy"), his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection six times between 1991 and 2009.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35) They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced his shares in the properties.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TW-35) During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump \$4 billion.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-90) After his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks, with the exception of [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank"), declined to lend to him.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-91) After the [January 6 Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack"), Deutsche Bank also decided not to do business with him or his affiliated company in the future.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-92)
Trump has [published 19 books under his name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump"), most written or cowritten by [ghostwriters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostwriters "Ghostwriters").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-93) His first book, *[The Art of the Deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal "The Art of the Deal")* (1987), was a [*New York Times* Best Seller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list "The New York Times Best Seller list"), and was credited by *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")* with making Trump famous as an "emblem of the successful tycoon".[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-JM-94) The book was ghostwritten by [Tony Schwartz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_\(author\) "Tony Schwartz (author)"), who is credited as a coauthor. Trump had cameos in many films and television shows from 1985 to 2001.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-95) Trump acquired his style of politics from [professional wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_wrestling "Professional wrestling"). From the late 1980s, he sporadically played himself as a super-rich boss at events staged by professional wrestling promotion [WWE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE "WWE"), including [WrestleMania 23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_23 "WrestleMania 23") in 2007.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaufmanGanesh202469%E2%80%9370-96)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2020-97)\[*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")*\] Starting in the 1990s, Trump appeared 24 times as a guest on the nationally syndicated *[Howard Stern Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern_Show "Howard Stern Show")*.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]-98) He had his own short-form talk radio program, *[Trumped\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped! "Trumped!")*, from 2004 to 2008.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-99) From 2011 until 2015, he was a guest commentator on *[Fox & Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends "Fox & Friends")*.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-100) In 2021, Trump, who had been a member since 1989, resigned from [SAG-AFTRA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAG-AFTRA "SAG-AFTRA") to avoid a disciplinary hearing regarding the January 6 attack; two days later, the union permanently barred him.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-101)
Producer [Mark Burnett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Burnett "Mark Burnett") made Trump a television star[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig20247-102) when he created the reality show [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)"), which Trump hosted from 2004 to 2015 (including variant *[The Celebrity Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice "The Celebrity Apprentice")*). On the shows, he was a superrich chief executive who eliminated contestants with the [catchphrase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchphrase "Catchphrase") "you're fired". *The New York Times* called his portrayal "a highly flattering, highly fictionalized version" of himself.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-show-103) The shows remade Trump's image for millions of viewers nationwide.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-show-103)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-104) With the related licensing agreements, they earned him more than \$400 million.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-105)
Early political aspirations
Trump registered as a [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") in Queens in 1969 and in Manhattan in 1987;[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675-13)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-106) a member of the [Independence Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York "Independence Party of New York"), the New York state affiliate of the [Reform Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America "Reform Party of the United States of America"), in 1999; a [Democrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") in 2001; a Republican in 2009; [unaffiliated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician "Independent politician") in 2011; and a Republican in 2012.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-107)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg)
Speaking at [CPAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference "Conservative Political Action Conference"), February 2011
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in major newspapers,[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-hint-108) expressing his views on foreign policy and how to eliminate the federal budget deficit.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-109) In 1988, he approached [Lee Atwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Atwater "Lee Atwater"), asking to be put into consideration to be Republican nominee [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush")'s running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable".[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeacham2016326-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-111) Trump [was a candidate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") in the [2000 Reform Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") for three months before he withdrew in February 2000.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-112)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-114) In 2011, Trump considered challenging President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") in [the 2012 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election"). He spoke at the [Conservative Political Action Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference "Conservative Political Action Conference") in February and gave speeches in states with early primaries.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-McA-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-116) In May 2011, he announced that he would not run.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-McA-115)
2016 presidential election
Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 election in June 2015.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-117)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-118) He campaigned as a rich, successful businessman and an outsider without political experience,[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-121) and claimed [media bias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_bias "Media bias") against him.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-123) Trump's campaign statements were often opaque and suggestive;[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-124) a record number were false.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-whoppers-125)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-126)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-127) He became the Republican front-runner in March 2016[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-128) and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee in May.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-129) This and later campaigns featured the slogan "[Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again")".
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg)
Campaigning in Arizona, March 2016
Trump described [NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO "NATO") as "obsolete"[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2018"On_the_campaign_trail,_Trump_repeatedly_called_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization_\(NATO\)_'obsolete'"-131) and espoused views described by *The Washington Post* as [noninterventionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninterventionist "Noninterventionist") and [protectionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist "Protectionist").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-132) His campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [U.S.–China relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93China_relations "U.S.–China relations") and [free trade agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_agreements "Free trade agreements") such as [NAFTA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAFTA "NAFTA") and strongly enforcing immigration laws. Other campaign positions included pursuing [energy independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_independence "Energy independence") while opposing climate change regulations, modernizing [services for veterans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs#Veterans_Benefits_Administration "United States Department of Veterans Affairs"), repealing and replacing the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"), abolishing [Common Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Core "Common Core") education standards, [investing in infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development "Infrastructure-based development"), simplifying the [tax code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code "Internal Revenue Code") while reducing taxes, and imposing [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff "Tariff") on imports by companies that offshore jobs. He advocated increasing military spending and extreme vetting or banning of immigrants from Muslim-majority countries.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-133) He promised to build a [wall on the Mexico–U.S. border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall") and vowed that Mexico would pay for it.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-134) He pledged to deport millions of [illegal immigrants residing in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undocumented_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States "Undocumented immigrant population of the United States"),[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-135) and criticized [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States") for incentivizing "[anchor babies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_babies "Anchor babies")".[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-136) According to an analysis in *[Political Science Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly "Political Science Quarterly")*, Trump made "explicitly racist and sexist appeals to win over white voters" during his 2016 presidential campaign.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffnerMacwilliamsNteta201831-137) In particular, his campaign launch speech drew criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists";[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-138) in response, NBC fired him from *Celebrity Apprentice*.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-139)
Trump's FEC-required reports listed assets above \$1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least \$265 million.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-disclosure-140)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-141) He did not release [his tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump"), contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and to promises he made in 2014 and 2015 to release them if he ran for office.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-142)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-143) He said his tax returns were being [audited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_audit "Income tax audit"), and that his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-144) After a lengthy court battle to block release of his tax returns and other records to the [Manhattan district attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_district_attorney "Manhattan district attorney") for a criminal investigation, including two appeals by Trump to the [U.S. Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court "U.S. Supreme Court"), in February 2021 the high court allowed the records to be released to the prosecutor for review by a grand jury.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-145)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-146) In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from *The New York Times*. They show that he had declared a loss of \$916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-147)
Trump won the election with 306 pledged [electoral votes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_\(United_States\) "Electoral College (United States)") versus 232 for Democratic candidate [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton"). After elector [defections on both sides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election"), the official count was 304 to 227.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-148) The fifth person to be elected president [despite losing the popular vote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote "List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote"),[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-electoral-college-149) he received about 2.87 million fewer votes than Clinton, 46.1% to her 48.2%.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-150)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-151) He was the only president who neither served in the military nor held any government office prior to becoming president.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-152) The Republicans also won a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate elections that election day, marking the return of a Republican [undivided government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States "Divided government in the United States").[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-153)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-154) Trump's victory [sparked protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Before_first_presidency "Protests against Donald Trump") in major U.S. cities.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-155)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-156)
First presidency (2017–2021)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg)
Taking the [presidential oath of office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Oath of office of the President of the United States"), administered by Chief Justice [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts"), on January 20, 2017
Trump [was inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2017. The day after his inauguration, an estimated 2.6 million people worldwide, including 500,000 in Washington, D.C., protested against him in the [Women's Marches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March "2017 Women's March").[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-157) During his first two weeks in office, Trump signed [eighteen executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the first Trump presidency"), including authorizing procedures for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, advancement of the [Keystone XL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline "Keystone Pipeline") and [Dakota Access Pipeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline "Dakota Access Pipeline") projects, and planning for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-158)
Conflicts of interest
Trump continued to profit from his businesses during his first presidency and knew how his administration's policies affected them.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC041817-159)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Venook-160) Although he said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization pursued operational expansions in Scotland, Dubai, and the Dominican Republic.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC041817-159)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Venook-160) Lobbyists, foreign government officials, and Trump donors and allies generated hundreds of millions of dollars for his resorts and hotels.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-161)
Domestic policy
Trump took office at the height of the longest [economic expansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_expansion "Economic expansion") in American history,[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-VanDam-162) which began in 2009 and continued until February 2020, when the [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") began.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-163) In December 2017, he signed the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017 "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017"), which reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals and eliminated the penalty associated with the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act")'s individual mandate.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-165) Under Trump, the federal budget deficit increased by almost 50 percent, to nearly \$1 trillion in 2019.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-166) By the end of his term, the [U.S. national debt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_debt "U.S. national debt") increased by 39 percent, reaching \$27.75 trillion, and the U.S. [debt-to-GDP ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio "Debt-to-GDP ratio") hit a post-World War II high.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-167)
Trump rejects the [scientific consensus on climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change "Scientific consensus on climate change").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-168) He reduced the budget for [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States#Renewable_energy_research "Renewable energy in the United States") research by 40 percent and reversed Obama-era policies directed at curbing [climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change "Climate change").[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-169) He [withdrew from the Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement "United States and the Paris Agreement"), making the U.S. the only nation to not ratify it.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-170)
Trump aimed and aims to boost the production and exports of [fossil fuels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel "Fossil fuel").[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-171)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-172) [Natural gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas "Natural gas") expanded under Trump, but [coal continued to decline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_States#Production "Coal mining in the United States").[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-173)[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Subramaniam-174) He [rolled back](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollback "Rollback") more than 100 federal environmental regulations, including those that curbed [greenhouse gas emissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions "Greenhouse gas emissions"), air and [water pollution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution "Water pollution"), and the use of toxic substances. He weakened protections for animals and [environmental standards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_standard#United_States "Environmental standard") for federal infrastructure projects, and expanded permitted areas for drilling and [resource extraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_extraction "Resource extraction"), such as allowing [drilling in the Arctic Refuge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy "Arctic Refuge drilling controversy").[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-175)
Trump dismantled federal regulations on health,[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-176)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) labor,[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) the environment,[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-178)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-midnight-177) and other areas, including a bill that revoked the Obama-era regulation restricting the sale of firearms to severely mentally ill people.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-179) During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended, or reversed ninety federal regulations,[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-180) often "after requests by the regulated industries".[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-181)
Trump vowed to repeal and replace the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act").[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-182) He scaled back the act's implementation through executive orders.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-183)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-184) He expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail"; his administration halved the [enrollment period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_enrollment "Annual enrollment") and drastically reduced funding for enrollment promotion.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-185)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-186)
In response to the [opioid epidemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States "Opioid epidemic in the United States"), Trump signed legislation in 2018 to increase funding for drug treatments, but was widely criticized for failing to make a concrete strategy.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-187) He barred organizations that provide abortions or abortion referrals from receiving federal funds.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-188) His administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections against [discrimination of LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBT_people "Discrimination against LGBT people").[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-189) His attempted rollback of anti-discrimination protections for [transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender "Transgender") patients in August 2020 was halted by a federal judge after a Supreme Court ruling extended employees' civil rights protections to [gender identity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity "Gender identity") and sexual orientation.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-190) His administration [took an anti-marijuana position](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration"), revoking [Obama-era policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Memorandum "Cole Memorandum") that provided protections for states that legalized marijuana.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-191) Trump is a long-time advocate of capital punishment,[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-192)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-193) and his administration oversaw the [federal government execute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_federal_government "Capital punishment by the United States federal government") 13 prisoners, more than in the previous 56 years combined, ending a 17-year moratorium.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-194)
Pardons and commutations
During his first term, Trump granted 237 requests for clemency, fewer than all presidents since 1900 with the exception of [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") and [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush").[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-195) Only 25 of them had been vetted by the Justice Department's [Office of the Pardon Attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Pardon_Attorney "Office of the Pardon Attorney"); the others were granted to people with personal or political connections to him, his family, and his allies, or recommended by celebrities.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-road-196)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-OloDaw-197) In his last full day in office, he granted 73 pardons and commuted 70 sentences.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-198) The pardons of three military service members convicted of or charged with violent crimes were opposed by military leaders.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-199)
Immigration
As president, Trump described illegal immigration as an "invasion" of the United States[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-200) and drastically escalated immigration enforcement.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2017a-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019-202) He implemented harsh policies against asylum seekers[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019-202) and [deployed nearly 6,000 troops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot "Operation Faithful Patriot") to the [U.S.–Mexico border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Mexico_border "U.S.–Mexico border") to stop illegal crossings.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-203) He reduced the number of [refugees admitted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Refugee_Admissions_Program "United States Refugee Admissions Program") to record lows, from an annual limit of 110,000 before he took office to 15,000 in 2021.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-204)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-206) Trump also increased restrictions on granting [permanent residency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency_in_the_United_States "Permanent residency in the United States") to [immigrants needing public benefits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_charge_rule "Public charge rule").[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-207) One of his central campaign promises was to build a [wall along the U.S.–Mexico border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall");[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-timm-208) during his first term, the U.S. built 73 miles (117 km) of wall in areas without barriers and 365 miles (587 km) to replace older barriers.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-209) In 2018, Trump's refusal to sign any [spending bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spending_bill "Spending bill") unless it allocated funding for the border wall[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-210) resulted in [the longest-ever federal government shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown"), for 35 days from December 2018 to January 2019.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gambino-211)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-212) The shutdown ended after he agreed to fund the government without any funds for the wall.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gambino-211) To avoid another shutdown, Congress passed a funding bill with \$1.4 billion for border fencing in February.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wilkie-213) Trump later declared a [national emergency on the southern border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States "National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States") to divert \$6.1 billion of funding to the border wall[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wilkie-213) despite congressional disagreement.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-214)
In January 2017, Trump signed [an executive order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13769 "Executive Order 13769") that [denied entry to citizens from six Muslim-majority countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_travel_ban "Trump travel ban") for four months and from Syria indefinitely.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-frontline-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-airport-216) The order caused [many protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") and [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban "Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban") that resulted in [nationwide injunctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_injunction "Nationwide injunction").[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-frontline-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-airport-216)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-217) [A revised order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13780 "Executive Order 13780") giving some exceptions was also blocked by courts,[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-218)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-219) but [the Supreme Court ruled in June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Refugee_Assistance_Project_v._Trump "International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump") that the ban could be enforced on those lacking "a *bona fide* relationship with a person or entity" in the U.S.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-220) Trump replaced the ban in September with [a presidential proclamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645 "Presidential Proclamation 9645") extending travel bans to North Koreans, Chadians, and some Venezuelan officials, but excluded Iraq and Sudan.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-221) The Supreme Court allowed that version to go into effect in December 2017,[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-222) and ultimately upheld the ban in 2019.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-223)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ursula_\(detention_center\)_2-res.jpg)
Children, sleeping mats, and foil blankets in wire mesh compartment, [Ursula detention facility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_detention_facility "Ursula detention facility"), June 2018
From 2017 to 2018, the Trump administration had [a policy of family separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") that separated over 4,400 children, some as young as four months old,[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-tina_v-224) from migrant parents at the U.S.–Mexico border.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-225)[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Spagat-226) The unprecedented[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Domonoske-227) policy sparked public outrage in the country.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-228) Despite Trump initially blaming Democrats[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-229)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-230) and insisting he could not stop the policy with an executive order, he acceded to public pressure in June 2018 and mandated that illegal immigrant families be detained together unless "there is a concern" of risk for the child.[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-232) A judge later ordered that the families be reunited and further separations stopped except in limited circumstances,[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-233)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-234) though over 1,000 additional children were separated from their families after the order.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Spagat-226) By April 2024, 1,360 children had not been confirmed as reunified with their families.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-tina_v-224)
Foreign policy
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_\(48616362963\).jpg)
[G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Seven "Group of Seven") leaders at the [45th summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_G7_summit "45th G7 summit") in France, 2019
Trump describes himself as a "nationalist"[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-235) and his foreign policy as "[America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First")".[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bennhold-236) He supported [populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populist "Populist"), [neo-nationalist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-nationalist "Neo-nationalist"), and authoritarian governments.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-237) Unpredictability, uncertainty, and inconsistency characterized foreign relations during his tenure.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bennhold-236)[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGurk2020-238) Relations between the U.S. and its European allies were strained under Trump.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-239) He criticized [NATO allies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO "Member states of NATO") and privately suggested that the U.S. should [withdraw from NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO#United_States "Withdrawal from NATO").[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-240)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-241)
Trump supported many of the policies of Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu").[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-242) In 2020, Trump hosted the signing of the [Abraham Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords "Abraham Accords") between Israel and the [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates "United Arab Emirates") and [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain "Bahrain") to normalize their foreign relations.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-243)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_\(42547210635\).jpg)
Shaking hands with Russian president Vladimir Putin during the [2018 summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_Summit "2018 Russia–United States Summit") in [Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki "Helsinki"), Finland
Trump began [a trade war with China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") in 2018 after imposing tariffs and other trade barriers he said would force China to end longstanding unfair trade practice and [intellectual property infringement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_intellectual_property_infringement_by_China "Allegations of intellectual property infringement by China").[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-244) Trump weakened the toughest U.S. sanctions imposed after the [2014 Russian annexation of Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea "2014 Russian annexation of Crimea").[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-246) Trump praised and, according to some critics, rarely criticized Russian president [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin"),[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-247)[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-248) though he opposed some actions of Russia's government.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-249) He withdrew the U.S. from the [Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty "Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty"), citing alleged Russian noncompliance,[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-250) and supported Russia's possible return to the [G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7 "G7").[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-G8-251)
As [North Korea's nuclear weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%27s_nuclear_weapons "North Korea's nuclear weapons") were increasingly seen as a serious threat,[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-252) Trump became the first sitting U.S. president to meet a North Korean leader, meeting [Kim Jong Un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un "Kim Jong Un") three times between June 2018 and June 2019.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-253) Talks on North Korean [denuclearization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denuclearization "Denuclearization") broke down in October 2019, and no agreement was reached.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-254)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-255)
Personnel
By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-256) By July 2018, 61 percent of his senior aides had left[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-257) and 141 staffers had left in the previous year.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-258) Both figures set a record for recent presidents.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Keith-259) Various close personal aides to Trump stopped working for him or were forced to leave.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Brookings-260) Trump publicly disparaged several of his former top officials.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-261)
Trump had four [White House chiefs of staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_chiefs_of_staff "White House chiefs of staff"), marginalizing or pushing out several.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Keither-262) In May 2017, he [dismissed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey "Dismissal of James Comey"), saying a few days later that he was concerned about Comey's role in the Trump–Russia investigations.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-263)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-264) Three of Trump's 15 original cabinet members left or were forced to resign within his first year.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-538_Cabinet-265)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Brookings-260) Trump was slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-266) By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled and he had no nominee for 264.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-267)
Judiciary
Trump appointed 234 [federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judge "United States federal judge"), including 54 to the [courts of appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals "United States courts of appeals") and [three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") to the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"): [Neil Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch "Neil Gorsuch"), [Brett Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh "Brett Kavanaugh"), and [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"),[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-268)[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-269) which politically shifted the Court to the right.[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-270)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-271)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-272) In the 2016 campaign, he pledged that *[Roe v. Wade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade "Roe v. Wade")* would be overturned "automatically" if he were elected and given the opportunity to appoint two or three anti-abortion justices. He later took credit when *Roe* was overturned by *[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization")* in 2022; all three of his Supreme Court nominees voted with the majority.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-273)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-274) Trump disparaged courts and judges he disagreed with, often in personal terms, and questioned the judiciary's constitutional authority. His attacks on courts drew rebukes from observers, including sitting federal judges, concerned about the effect of his statements on the [judicial independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence "Judicial independence") and public confidence in the judiciary.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-275)[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-276)
COVID-19 pandemic
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_Press_Briefing_\(49666120807\).jpg)
Conducting a COVID-19 press briefing with members of the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") on March 15, 2020
After ignoring public health warnings and calls for action from health officials within his administration for weeks,[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-277) Trump established the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") in late January.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-278) In March, he signed into law the [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act")—a \$2.2 trillion bipartisan [economic stimulus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_stimulus "Economic stimulus") bill—the largest stimulus in U.S. history.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NY_Times_stimulus_united_senate-279)[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_Trump_signs_2.2-280) After weeks of attacks to draw attention away from his slow response, Trump halted funding of the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") in April.[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-281) He encouraged right-wing [protests against social-distancing policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") in states with stay-at-home orders[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-282) and repeatedly pressured federal health agencies to take actions he favored,[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN-testing-pressure-283) such as approving unproven treatments.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-284)[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressed-285)
In October, Trump was [hospitalized for three days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Presidential_hospitalization_and_early_release "White House COVID-19 outbreak") with a severe case of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") while his medical team downplayed the severity of his condition.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-286)
Investigations
After he assumed office, Trump was the subject of increasing [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition, and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, [his private businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), personal taxes, and [his charitable foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation").[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-287) There were ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and twelve congressional investigations.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-288)
In July 2016, the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") launched [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)"), an investigation into possible links between Russia and Trump's 2016 campaign.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-289) After Trump fired Comey in May 2017, the FBI opened a second investigation into Trump's personal and [business dealings with Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia").[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-290) In January 2017, three U.S. intelligence agencies jointly stated with "high confidence" that [Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections") to favor Trump.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-291)[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-292) Crossfire Hurricane was later transferred to [Robert Mueller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mueller "Robert Mueller")'s [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation");[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-293) the investigation into Trump's ties to Russia was ended by Deputy Attorney General [Rod Rosenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein "Rod Rosenstein") after he told the FBI that Mueller would pursue the matter.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-never-294)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-295) At the request of Rosenstein, the Mueller investigation examined criminal matters "in connection with Russia's 2016 election interference".[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-never-294) [Mueller's final report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_report "Mueller report") in March 2019[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-296) found that Russia interfered in 2016 to favor Trump[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-297) and that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged the effort,[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-298)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-299)[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-300) but that the evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russia.[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-301)[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-takeaways-302) Trump claimed the report exonerated him despite Mueller writing that it did not.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-303) The report also detailed potential obstruction of justice by Trump but "did not draw ultimate conclusions"[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-304)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-305) and left the decision to charge the laws to Congress.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-LM-306)
Impeachments
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_\(49498772251\).jpg)
Displaying the headline "Trump acquitted" in 2020
Trump was [impeached](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States "Impeachment in the United States") twice by the House of Representatives, though acquitted by the Senate on both occasions. The [first impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") arose from a whistleblower complaint that in July 2019 Trump [had pressured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal") Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") to investigate Joe and Hunter Biden,[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-undermine-307) in an attempt to gain an advantage in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election").[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-308) In December 2019, the House voted to impeach Trump for [abuse of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuse_of_power "Abuse of power") and [obstruction of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_Congress "Obstruction of Congress"),[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-309) and the Senate acquitted him in February 2020.[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-310)
The [second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") came after the January 6 Capitol attack, for which the House charged Trump with [incitement of insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement_of_insurrection "Incitement of insurrection") on January 13, 2021.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-SecondImpeachment-311) Trump left office on January 20, and was acquitted on February 13. Seven Republican senators voted for conviction.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-312)
2020 presidential election and rejection of outcome
Trump filed to run for reelection only a few hours after becoming president in 2017.[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-313) He held his first reelection rally less than a month after taking office[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-314) and officially became the [Republican nominee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") in August 2020.[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-315) Trump's campaign focused on crime, claiming that cities would descend into lawlessness if Democratic nominee [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") won.[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-316) Starting in early 2020, Trump sowed doubts about the election, claiming without evidence that it would be rigged and that widespread use of mail balloting would produce massive election fraud.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-317)[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-318) He repeatedly refused to say whether he would accept the results if he lost and commit to a [peaceful transition of power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaceful_transition_of_power "Peaceful transition of power").[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-319)[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-320)
Joe Biden won the November 2020 election, receiving 81.3 million votes (51.3 percent) to Trump's 74.2 million (46.8 percent)[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-vote1-321)[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-vote2-322) and 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232,[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-formalize-323) with the [Electoral College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College "United States Electoral College") formalizing Biden's victory on December 14.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-formalize-323) Trump declared victory before the results were known on the morning after the election.[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-324) Days later, when Biden was projected the winner, Trump baselessly alleged election fraud.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-325) As part of [an effort to overturn the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election"), Trump and his allies filed many [lawsuits challenging the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election"), which were rejected by at least 86 judges in both state and federal courts for having no factual or legal basis.[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-326)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-327)
Trump's allegations were also refuted by state election officials,[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-328) and the Supreme Court declined to hear [a case asking it to overturn the results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania") in four states won by Biden.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-329) Trump repeatedly sought help to overturn the results, personally pressuring Republican local and state office-holders,[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-amyG-330) Republican legislators,[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressure-331) the Justice Department,[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-332) and Vice President Pence,[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-333) urging actions such as [replacing presidential electors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot"),[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-pressure-331) or that Georgia officials ["find" votes and announce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "Trump–Raffensperger phone call") a "recalculated" result.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-amyG-330) Trump did not attend [Biden's inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden%27s_inauguration "Biden's inauguration") on January 20.[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-334)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_\(50820534063\)_\(retouched\).jpg)
A crowd of Trump supporters during the attack
January 6 attack
On January 6, 2021, while [Congress was certifying the presidential election results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count"), [Trump held a rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_Trump_rally "January 6 Trump rally") at which he called for the election to be overturned and urged his supporters to "fight like hell" and "take back our country" by marching to the Capitol.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-335) His supporters then [formed a mob that broke into the building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack"), disrupting certification and causing the evacuation of Congress.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-336) More than 140 police officers were injured, and five people died during or after the attack.[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-337)[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-338) The event has been described as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup") by Trump.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPion-BerlinBruneauGoetze2022-339)[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey20223-340)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasta%C3%B1edaJenks2023246-341) Congress later reconvened and confirmed Biden's victory in the early hours of January 7.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-342)
Between presidencies (2021–2025)
Upon leaving the White House, Trump began living at Mar-a-Lago, establishing an office there as provided for by the [Former Presidents Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_Presidents_Act "Former Presidents Act").[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-343) His continuing [false claims concerning the 2020 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie#Donald_Trump's_false_claims_of_a_stolen_election "Big lie") were commonly referred to as the "[big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie "Big lie")" by his critics, although in May 2021, he and many of his supporters began using the term to refer to the election itself.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-344)[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-key2-345) The Republican Party used his false claims about the election to justify [imposing new voting restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 United States presidential election") in its favor.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-346)[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-347)[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-348) He continued to pressure state legislators to overturn the election.[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-349) Unlike other former presidents, Trump continued to dominate his party; a 2022 profile in *The New York Times* described him as a modern [party boss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_boss "Party boss").[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-PB2-350) He continued fundraising, raising a [war chest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_chest "War chest") containing more than twice that of the Republican Party, and profited from fundraisers many Republican candidates held at Mar-a-Lago. Much of his focus was on party governance and installing in key posts officials loyal to him.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-PB2-350) In the [2022 midterm elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_midterm_elections "2022 midterm elections"), Trump endorsed over 200 candidates for various offices.[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-351) In February 2022, his [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") (TMTG) launched a pro-Trump social media platform called [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social").[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-352) In March 2024, TMTG became a [public company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company").[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-353)
Legal issues
In 2019, journalist [E. Jean Carroll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll "E. Jean Carroll") accused Trump of raping her in the 1990s and [sued him for defamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump") over his denial.[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-354) Carroll sued him again in 2022 for [battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_\(crime\) "Battery (crime)") and further defamation.[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-355) He was [found liable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_liability "Legal liability") for sexual abuse and defamation and ordered to pay \$5 million in one case[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-356) and \$83.3 million in the other.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uphold-357) Federal appeals courts upheld both findings and awards in December 2024 and September 2025, respectively.[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-358)[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uphold-357)
In 2022, [New York filed a civil lawsuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization") against Trump accusing him of inflating the Trump Organization's value to gain an advantage with lenders and banks.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-359)[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TF-360) He was found liable and ordered to pay nearly \$355 million plus interest.[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TF-360) In August 2025, the appeals court upheld his liability and nonmonetary penalties, but voided the monetary penalty as excessive.[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-361)
In connection with Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election and his involvement in the January 6 attack, in December 2022 the [U.S. House committee on the attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack "United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack") recommended criminal charges against him for [obstructing an official proceeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_an_official_proceeding "Obstructing an official proceeding"), inciting or assisting an insurrection, and [conspiracy to defraud the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_to_defraud_the_United_States "Conspiracy to defraud the United States").[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-362) In August 2023, a grand jury in [Fulton County, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia "Fulton County, Georgia"), indicted him on [13 charges, including racketeering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution"), for his efforts to subvert the 2020 election in the state.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-363)[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-364) The case was dismissed in November 2025 after the new prosecutor declined to pursue the charges.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-365)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg)
Classified intelligence material found during search of Mar-a-Lago
In January 2022, the [National Archives and Records Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration "National Archives and Records Administration") retrieved [15 boxes of documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") Trump had taken to [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") after leaving the White House, some of which were classified.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366) In the ensuing Justice Department investigation, officials retrieved more classified documents from his lawyers.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366) On August 8, 2022, [FBI agents searched Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") for illegally held documents, including those in breach of the [Espionage Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_Act "Espionage Act"), collecting 11 sets of classified documents, some marked top secret.[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-bddj0812222-367)[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT-20220812222-368) A [federal grand jury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_grand_jury "Federal grand jury") constituted by Special Counsel [Jack Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Smith_\(lawyer\) "Jack Smith (lawyer)") indicted Trump in June 2023 on 31 counts of "willfully retaining national defense information" under the Espionage Act, among other charges.[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn-tl222-366)[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-369)[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-370) Trump pleaded not guilty.[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-371) In July 2024, judge [Aileen Cannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aileen_Cannon "Aileen Cannon") dismissed the case, ruling Smith's appointment as special prosecutor was unconstitutional.[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CD2-372) After his reelection, the [2020 election obstruction case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") and the classified documents case were dismissed [without prejudice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice_\(legal_term\)#With_prejudice_and_without_prejudice "Prejudice (legal term)") due to Justice Department policy against prosecuting sitting presidents.[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dismiss2-373)
In May 2024, Trump [was convicted on 34 felony counts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") of [falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifying_business_records "Falsifying business records").[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-conv-374) The case stemmed from evidence that he booked [Michael Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cohen_\(lawyer\) "Michael Cohen (lawyer)")'s hush-money payments to adult film actress [Stormy Daniels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels "Stormy Daniels") as business expenses to cover up his alleged 2006–2007 affair with Daniels during the 2016 election.[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-conv-374)[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-375) On January 10, 2025, the judge gave Trump a no-penalty sentence known as an unconditional discharge, saying that punitive requirements would have interfered with presidential immunity.[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-uds-376)
2024 presidential election
In November 2022, Trump announced his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election and created a fundraising account.[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-377)[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-378) In March 2023, the campaign began diverting ten percent of the donations to his [leadership PAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_PAC "Leadership PAC"). His campaign had paid \$100 million towards his legal bills by March 2024.[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-379)[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-380)
During the campaign, Trump made increasingly violent and authoritarian statements.[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-381) He said that he would weaponize the FBI and the Justice Department against his political opponents[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-382)[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-383) and use the military to target Democratic politicians and those not supporting his candidacy.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-384)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lerer_10152024-385) He used harsher and more dehumanizing anti-immigrant rhetoric than during his presidency.[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-386) His rhetoric, calling his political opponents "the enemy", vermin, and fascists, has been described by some historians and scholars as authoritarian, [fascist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism"),[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-387) and unlike anything a political candidate has ever said in American history.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYMag_Never_Sounded_Like_This-388)[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lerer_10152024-385)[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Applebaum18-389) [Age and health concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") also arose during the campaign, with several medical experts highlighting an increase in rambling, [tangential speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_speech "Tangential speech") and [behavioral disinhibition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition "Disinhibition").[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-390)
Trump mentioned "rigged election" and "election interference" earlier and more frequently than in the 2016 and 2020 campaigns and refused to commit to accepting the 2024 election results.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-391)[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTDoubts-392) On July 13, 2024, Trump was shot in the ear in [an assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") at a campaign rally in [Butler Township, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania "Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania").[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Browne-2024-393)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-394)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-395) Two days later, the [2024 Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") nominated him as their presidential candidate.[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-396) In September he was targeted but unharmed in [another assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") in Florida.[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-397) Trump won the election in November 2024 with 312 electoral votes to incumbent vice president Kamala Harris's 226.[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-398) He also won the popular vote with 49.8% to Harris's 48.3%.[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-399) His victory in 2024 was in large part due to the [2021–2023 inflation surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge "2021–2023 inflation surge").[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Global_Politics-400)[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-401) Several outlets described his reelection as an extraordinary comeback.[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-402)[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-403)
Trump's policy platform ([Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47")) was vague, to limit criticism and maintain flexibility.[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bump-404) Trump occasionally disavowed knowledge of the [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025") group, formed to institutionalize [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"),[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-405) despite personnel overlap with his first administration.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_review-406)[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-myths_and_facts-407) Trump chose several Project 2025 authors for his second administration,[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-408) and most of his early second term executive actions would "mirror or partially mirror" its proposals.[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-409)
Second presidency (2025–present)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
Taking the [presidential oath of office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Oath of office of the President of the United States"), administered by Chief Justice [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts"), on January 20, 2025
Trump began his second term upon [his inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025.[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-410) He became the [oldest to assume the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age"),[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-411) the first president with a felony conviction, and the second person to serve two nonconsecutive terms as president.[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-412) *The New York Times* stated his attempts to expand presidential power are a defining characteristic of his second term, and they emphasized his conflicts with judicial authority.[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-413)
Early actions
More than a month before the 100-day mark of Trump's second term, he had [issued more executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency") than any other U.S. president's first 100 days.[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-414) As of mid-January 2026, his orders and actions had been challenged in over 550 lawsuits nationwide. Of these, plaintiffs had prevailed in 195 cases, the government had prevailed in 109 cases, there were split rulings in 16 cases, 228 cases were pending, and 25 cases were closed.[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-415) Both Republican and Democratic judicial appointees have found numerous constitutional and statutory flaws with Trump administration policies.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-416)
Following legal setbacks, Trump increased his criticism of the judiciary and called for impeachment of federal judges who ruled against him.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-417) By mid-July 2025, a *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post")* analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-418)
His administration asserted a constitutional right to ignore federal law in its justification of several actions such as in his refusal to enforce a [federal ban on TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act "Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act"), with legal experts describing it as claiming a "constitutional power to immunize private parties to commit otherwise illegal acts with impunity".[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-419)[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-420)[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-421)
Conflicts of interest (2025–present)
Trump's second presidency has been described as having fewer guardrails against conflicts of interest than his first,[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-422)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-423) breaking with decades of ethical norms,[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-424) and raising substantial [corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption "Corruption") concerns.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05122025-425)[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-426) He maintained a publicly traded company in [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group"), and diversified it into financial services.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-427) He pursued new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and had several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-422) He profited from events held at his hotels and golf courses and did not place his assets in a blind trust, as previous presidents had done.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-428)
Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from [two cryptocurrency tokens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Other_ventures_and_investments "The Trump Organization") ("[meme coins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme_coin "Meme coin")"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") and \$Melania.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-429)[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-430) He also directly benefited from his family's cryptocurrency company [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial"), which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-431)
Mass terminations of federal employees
Trump implemented a hiring freeze across the federal government and ordered telework of federal employees to be discontinued within 30 days.[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-432)[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-upend-433) He ordered a review of many career civil service positions with the intention of [reclassifying them into at-will positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy/Career_appointment "Policy/Career appointment") without job protections.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-upend-433)[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-434)[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-435) He initiated mass job terminations of federal employees,[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collinson-436) which were described by legal experts as unprecedented or in violation of federal law,[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-437) with the intent of replacing them with workers more aligned with his agenda.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-438) By late February 2025, the administration had fired more than 30,000 people.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-439) He ordered an end to [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) projects in the federal government and rescinded [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson "Lyndon B. Johnson")'s 1965 [Executive Order 11246](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11246 "Executive Order 11246"), which had mandated that federal contractors take affirmative action to end racial discrimination.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-440)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-441)
Trump and [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk")'s [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") largely dismantled several federal agencies including [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") and the [Department of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education "United States Department of Education"), unilaterally fired several thousand staff, and reduced administrative functions to statutory minimums.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-442)[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-443)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-444)
Targeting political opponents
During his second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target political opponents and [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society"). He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the Democratic Party.[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-445) He ended the post-[Watergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate "Watergate") norm of [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") independence, weaponizing it and agencies across the federal government to target his political enemies.[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-446)[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-447) Trump's actions against civil society were described by hundreds of legal experts and political scientists as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian"), contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"), and negatively impacting the [rule of law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law "Rule of law").[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-448)[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-449)[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-450)
Pardons and commutations (2025–present)
Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists,[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-451)[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-452) and disproportionately pardoned "the powerful, famous, well-connected and wealthy" accused of white-collar crime.[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-452) Trump [granted clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") convicted or charged on his first day in office, including those who violently attacked police, by pardoning more than 1,500 and commuting the sentences of 14.[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reilly2025-453)[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NPR2025-454)
Domestic policy (2025–present)
Trump ordered agencies to stop enforcement of disfavored rules in an attempt at large-scale deregulation that legal experts described as illegal and contrary to decades of federal law.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-455)[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-456) He sought greater government control over private businesses and shifted away from traditional conservative [free market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_market "Free market") orthodoxy,[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-457) engaging in [state capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capitalism "State capitalism") by taking direct government equity stakes in multiple U.S. corporations.[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-458)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_08132025-459)[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-460)
Science
Trump [canceled and paused federal grants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause") and made large cuts to scientific research,[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-461) several of which were found by judges and the [Government Accountability Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") as being illegal and unconstitutional.[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-462)[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-463) Trump and his administration's [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") agenda promoted [anti-science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-science "Anti-science") and [anti-vaccine activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism"), resulting in a resurgence of whooping cough and measles.[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-464)[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-465)
National emergencies/health policy
Trump relied on declaring national emergencies to justify hundreds of actions and bypass congressional approval or regulatory review.[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-466) For instance, he declared a national energy emergency, allowing the suspension of environmental regulations, loosening the rules for fossil fuel extraction and limiting renewable energy projects.[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-467)[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-468) Trump withdrew the U.S. from the [Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement") on climate change during his first presidency, [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") reentered the agreement in 2021, and Trump again withdrew from the agreement during his second presidency.[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-469)
Trump attributed societal problems to [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) initiatives and [wokeness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke#United_States "Woke").[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Green250203-470) Equating diversity with incompetence,[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Green250203-470) he reversed pro-diversity policies in the federal government.[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-471)[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-472) He threatened cultural institutions on DEI grounds[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-473) and sixty universities on accusations of antisemitism,[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJed-474) and forced law firms to capitulate to his political agenda.[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-APfirms-475)
Trump expanded the domestic use of the military and ordered [military deployments to several Democratic Party-led cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2025 deployment of federal forces in the United States"), and threatened to expand his deployments further.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-476)[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-477)
Through [a series of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration#Executive_Orders "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") and other actions, Trump banned transgender people from the military;[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-478) restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare; opposed [inclusive language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_language "Inclusive language");[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-479) censored research and education materials;[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-480) targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting what his government calls "gender ideology";[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-npr-ideology-481) barred transgender athletes from sports; and required U.S. passports to state transgender people's sex assigned at birth.[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-482)
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
In July 2025, Trump signed the [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act") into law. The bill made the temporary tax cuts of the 2017 [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") permanent and added additional tax deductions for a total of around \$4.5 trillion, mostly benefiting the highest income brackets and costing people in the lowest income bracket \$1,600 per year. It increased funding for national defense, deportations, the border wall, and Trump's proposed [Golden Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_\(missile_defense_system\) "Golden Dome (missile defense system)") missile defense system. It removed tax credits for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power and for buyers of electric vehicles. The bill cut funding for [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid") and [SNAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program") and added additional work requirements for eligibility and a \$35 co-payment for some Medicaid services; the cuts and additional requirements will take effect after the 2026 general election. The bill was projected by the [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office") to increase the budget deficit by \$3.4 trillion by 2034, cause 11.8 million people to lose Medicaid coverage, and eliminate SNAP benefits for three million people.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-483)[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-484)
Immigration (2025–present)
During Trump's first days in office, he instructed Border Patrol agents to summarily deport [illegal immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States "Illegal immigration to the United States") crossing the border and disabled the [CBP One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBP_One "CBP One") app that was being used to schedule border crossings. Trump resumed the [Remain in Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain_in_Mexico "Remain in Mexico") policy, designated drug cartels as terrorist groups, and ordered construction to be resumed on a border wall.[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-485)[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cbsjan28-486) He also revoked the parole status of immigrants who entered the U.S. under CBP One and ended [humanitarian parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_for_Cubans,_Haitians,_Nicaraguans,_and_Venezuelans "Parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans").[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cbsjan28-486) In March 2025, he used the [Alien Enemies Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Enemies_Act "Alien Enemies Act") of 1798 to [deport migrants without trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_American_deportations_of_Venezuelans "March 2025 American deportations of Venezuelans") to be imprisoned at the [Terrorism Confinement Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_Confinement_Center "Terrorism Confinement Center") in El Salvador.[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-487) Trump targeted activists, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-488) Several [American citizens were detained and deported](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_and_deportation_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Detention and deportation of American citizens in the second Trump administration").[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-489) His aggressive and hardline deportation campaign led to large nationwide protests and violent confrontations with migrants and protesters which increased in intensity following high-profile killings of U.S. citizens by federal agents during [Operation Metro Surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Metro_Surge "Operation Metro Surge") in January 2026.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-490)[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-491)
Foreign policy (2025–present)
Trump's second term foreign policy was described as [expansionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump") and imperialist.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-492)[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-493) His administration favored [hard power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_power "Hard power") to achieve its [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First") foreign policy goals,[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-494) and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American [soft power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power "Soft power").[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-495)[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-496) Trump's relations with U.S. allies have been transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, while he has sought friendlier relations with certain U.S. adversaries.[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-497)
Meeting with Zelenskyy, February 2025
In February 2025, Trump and Vice President Vance [berated Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting") in a highly contentious televised meeting. Media outlets described it as an unprecedented public confrontation between an American president and a foreign [head of state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state "Head of state").[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Liptak_20250228-498)[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-499)
Trump has taken a pro-Israel stance and continued [support for Israel in the Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war").[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-500) From March to May 2025, Trump [launched an extensive aerial campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") against [Houthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis "Houthis") targets in Yemen—his first major military operation in the Middle East during his second term.[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-501) As part of the 2025 [Iran–Israel war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War"), Trump ordered the [bombing of Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites") in June.[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-502) His [plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") between Israel and [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") was signed in October 2025, leading to the creation of the [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace").[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-503) In February 2026, Trump authorized [joint U.S./Israeli air strikes on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war")[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-504) and sent aircraft carriers and other combat ships to the Middle East. Israeli aerial bombs killed Iranian supreme leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") and other Iranian leaders; Iran retaliated with rocket attacks on neighboring countries.[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-505)
Trump's economic policies have been described as [protectionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States "Protectionism in the United States"),[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-506) with him imposing tariffs on most countries, including large tariffs on major trading partners China, Canada, and Mexico.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-507) He started a global trade war, imposing tariffs at the highest level since the 1930 [Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoot%E2%80%93Hawley_Tariff_Act "Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act") at the onset of the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression").[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-508)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-509) In February 2026, the Supreme Court ruled the tariffs he imposed under the [International Emergency Economic Powers Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act "International Emergency Economic Powers Act") to be illegal.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-510) Trump frequently threatened and enacted tariffs against treaty allies for opposing his political objectives.[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-511)[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-512)
In Latin America, Trump pursued legally controversial military strikes against [alleged drug boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") in international waters,[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-513) and ordered [a large military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Caribbean_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military buildup in the Caribbean during Operation Southern Spear").[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-514) In November 2025, Trump pardoned former Honduran president [Juan Orlando Hernández](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Orlando_Hern%C3%A1ndez "Juan Orlando Hernández"), who had been extradited to the U.S. in 2022 and sentenced to 45 years in prison for drug trafficking. In January 2026, the U.S. captured Venezuelan president [Nicolás Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "Nicolás Maduro") in [a military raid in Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_strikes_in_Venezuela#Capture_of_Maduro "2026 United States strikes in Venezuela") and took him to New York, where he was charged with drug trafficking.[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-515)
In 2025, Trump [threatened the annexation of Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis"), including by military force or the imposition of tariffs on European allies. In January 2026, he appeared to withdraw both threats, stating that he had reached "the framework of a future deal" with NATO.[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-516)
Personnel (2025–present)
In his second term, Trump selected [cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") members with personal loyalty to him,[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-517)[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-focus-518) with the "focus on loyalty over subject-matter expertise".[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-focus-518) In February 2025, the White House stated that [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") was a [special government employee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_government_employee "Special government employee").[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-musk-519) Trump gave Musk's [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE) access to many federal government agencies.[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-musk-519) Musk's teams operated in eighteen departments and agencies in the administration's first month,[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-520) including in the Treasury Department's \$5 trillion payment system,[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-521) the [Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Business_Administration "Small Business Administration"), the [Office of Personnel Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management "Office of Personnel Management"), and the [General Services Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Services_Administration "General Services Administration").[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-522)
Political practice and rhetoric
Starting with his advocacy of [birther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birther "Birther") conspiracy theories in the 2010s, Trump helped bring once-fringe far-right ideas and organizations into the mainstream.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-523) The [alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") movement coalesced around and supported his candidacy due in part to [opposition to multiculturalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_multiculturalism "Opposition to multiculturalism") and [immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration "Opposition to immigration").[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-524)[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-525)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-526) During his 2016 campaign, Trump's politics and rhetoric led to the formation of a [political movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_movement "Political movement") known as [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism"),[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-527) which has been [compared to a cult of personality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism#Cult_of_personality "Trumpism").[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-528) His political positions have been described as [populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populist "Populist")[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024298-529)[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbinati2019-530) or [right-wing populist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_populist "Right-wing populist"),[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022-531)[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-532) and favoring an expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory").[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-533)[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-534)
Many of his actions and rhetoric have been described as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian") and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"),[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerTowler2019505;_513-535)[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanHaggard2019-536)[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024300"Donald_Trump_is_broadly_seen_as_posing_an_existential_threat_to_American_democracy."-537) as well as establishing an ["us versus them" narrative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-group_and_out-group "In-group and out-group").[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2024299-538) Trump's rhetoric has been described as using [fearmongering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearmongering "Fearmongering") and [demagogy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagogy "Demagogy") which [intensified during his 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Fearmongering "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign").[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-539) He appeals to [evangelical Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism#Christian_Trumpism "Trumpism") and [Christian nationalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_nationalism_in_the_United_States "Christian nationalism in the United States"),[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021229Christian_nationalist_ideology_was_among_the_strongest_predictors_of_Americans_voting_for_Trump_in_2016_and_remained_a_strong_predictor_of_intent_to_vote_for_him_prior_to_the_2020_election-540)[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-541) and regularly vilifies his political opponents as "evil".[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-542)
Racial and gender views
Many of Trump's comments and actions have been characterized as racist.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-543) Several studies and surveys found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascent and were more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-544) He explicitly and routinely disparages racial, religious, and ethnic minorities,[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens-Dougan2021302-545) and scholars consistently find that racist and [Islamophobic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobic "Islamophobic") attitudes regarding blacks, immigrants, and Muslims are strong indicators of support for Trump.[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTELajevardiOskooii2018-546)[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman202176-547)
Trump has been accused of racism[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-548) for running full-page newspaper advertisements and insisting that a group of five black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [Central Park jogger case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case "Central Park jogger case"), even after they were cleared of suspicion in 2002.[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-549) Trump's comments on the 2017 [Unite the Right rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally "Unite the Right rally"), condemning "this egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides" and stating that there were "very fine people on both sides", were criticized as implying a [moral equivalence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_equivalence "Moral equivalence") between the [white supremacist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacist "White supremacist") demonstrators and the counter-protesters.[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-550) In a January 2018 discussion of immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries",[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-551) remarks condemned as racist.[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-552) In July 2019, a House of Representatives [resolution condemned Trump for racist remarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump#Democratic_congresswomen_should_"go_back"_to_their_countries "Racial views of Donald Trump") about four minority Democratic congresswomen.[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-553) His 2024 campaign made extensive use of [dehumanizing language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehumanization "Dehumanization") and [racial stereotypes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_stereotypes "Racial stereotypes").[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-554)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_\(49964153176\).jpg)
With a group of officials and advisors walking from the White House to St. John's Church, following the [forced removal of protesters at Lafayette Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church#Clearing_Lafayette_Square_and_St._John's "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church")
In June 2020, during the [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests"), federal law-enforcement officials used tear gas and other crowd control tactics to remove a largely peaceful crowd of lawful protesters from [Lafayette Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C. "Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C."), outside the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House").[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-wb-555)[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-bumpline-556) Trump then [posed with a Bible for a photo op](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") at the nearby [St. John's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square "St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square"),[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-wb-555)[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-557)[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-558) with religious leaders condemning both the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-559)
Trump has a history of belittling women when speaking to the media and on social media.[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotheCollins2019-560)[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shear-561) He made lewd comments, disparaged women's physical appearances, and referred to them using derogatory epithets.[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shear-561) In October 2016, a 2005 "[hot mic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_mic "Hot mic")" recording surfaced in which [he bragged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") about kissing and groping women without their consent, saying that, "when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. ... Grab 'em by the [pussy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pussy#Female_genitalia "Pussy")."[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-562) He characterized the comments as "locker-room talk".[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-563)[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-564) The incident's widespread media exposure led to his first public apology, videotaped during his 2016 presidential campaign.[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-565) As of 2020, 26 women have publicly [accused him of sexual misconduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations"), including rape, kissing without consent, groping, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked teenage pageant contestants. He has denied the allegations.[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-no26-566)
Link to violence and hate crimes
Trump has been identified as a key figure in increasing political violence in the U.S., both for and against him.[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-567)[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTENacosShapiroBloch-Elkon2020-568)[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiazzaVan_Doren2022-569) He is described as embracing extremism, [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") such as [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon"), and far-right [militia movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_militia_movement "American militia movement") to a greater extent than any other modern American president.[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-570)[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-571)
Research suggests that Trump's rhetoric is associated with an increased incidence of hate crimes,[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-572)[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-573) and that he has an emboldening effect on expressing prejudicial attitudes due to his normalization of explicit racial rhetoric.[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens-Dougan2021306-574) Researchers have also argued that Trump's "negative characterisations of, and false claims made about, those who became the targets" of the mob at the January 6 riot was a case of [stochastic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_terrorism "Stochastic terrorism").[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-575)[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-576) Numerous defendants investigated or prosecuted for violent acts and hate crimes cited his rhetoric in arguing that they were not culpable or should receive leniency.[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-577)[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-578) A nationwide review by [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") in May 2020 identified at least 54 criminal cases, from August 2015 to April 2020, in which he was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence mostly by white men and primarily against minorities.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-579) Trump's refusal to condemn the white supremacist [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") during a 2020 presidential debate[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-580) and his comment, "Proud Boys, stand back and stand by", were said to have led to increased recruitment for the pro-Trump group.[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-581) Counterterrorism researchers described his normalization and [revisionist history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism "Historical revisionism") of the January 6 Capitol attack, and [grant of clemency to all January 6 rioters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), as encouraging future political violence.[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-582)[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-583)
False or misleading statements and conspiracy theories
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png)
[Fact-checkers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checkers "Fact-checkers") from *The Washington Post*,[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-database-584) the *Toronto Star*,[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-585) and CNN[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-586) compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background) and "false claims" (violet foreground).
Trump frequently makes false statements in public remarks,[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-finnegan-587)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-whoppers-125) to an extent that was unprecedented in American politics.[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-finnegan-587)[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-glasser-588)[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Konnikova-589) His false and misleading statements were documented by [fact-checkers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checker "Fact-checker"), including at *The Washington Post*, which tallied 30,573 false or misleading statements made by him during his first presidency,[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-database-584) increasing in frequency over time.[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-TermUntruth-590) His falsehoods are a distinctive part of his political identity[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-glasser-588) and have been described as [firehosing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehosing "Firehosing").[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKakutani201894%E2%80%93104-591)
During the first 100 days of his second term, Trump relied on false, misleading, and exaggerated claims to justify his executive actions and policies.[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-592) Throughout the first year of the term, he continued to make untrue statements as frequently as before but with less variety while increasing the frequency of repeating a "core set" of falsehoods. [\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-593)
Some of Trump's falsehoods were inconsequential,[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-594)[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-595) while others had more far-reaching effects, such as his unproven promotion of antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID-19,[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-596)[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-597) contributing to a U.S. shortage of these drugs and [panic buying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_buying "Panic buying") in Africa and South Asia.[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-598)[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-599) His attacks on mail-in ballots and other election practices weakened public faith in the integrity of the 2020 presidential election,[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-600)[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-601) while his disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic delayed and weakened the national response to it.[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-602)[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-USAT-Disinfo-603)[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-604) He habitually does not apologize for his falsehoods.[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-605) Until 2018, the media rarely referred to his falsehoods as lies, including when he repeated demonstrably false statements.[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-606)[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-DBauder-607)[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-608)
Since before his first presidency, Trump has [promoted numerous conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump"). In 2011, Trump became the leading proponent of the racist ["birther" conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories") that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States,[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-609) and he claimed credit for pressuring the government to publish Obama's birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent.[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-610) In September 2016, he publicly acknowledged [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")'s birthplace and falsely claimed that the rumors had been started by [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") during her [2008 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign,_2008 "Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008").[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-611) Trump often prefaced his conspiracies by claiming he heard them from someone else,[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Haberman2016-612) and promoted conspiracies such as [climate change denial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_denial "Climate change denial"), [alleged Ukrainian interference in U.S. elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "Conspiracy theories related to the 2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal"), and [vaccines and autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism "Vaccines and autism").[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Haberman2016-612)[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-613)[\[612\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-614) After the 2020 presidential election, he promoted conspiracy theories for his defeat that were characterized as "[the big lie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie_\(2020_United_States_presidential_election\) "Big lie (2020 United States presidential election)")".[\[613\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-615)[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-616)
Relationship with news media
In the 2016 campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage,[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-617) estimated at \$2 billion.[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-618) As a candidate and as president, he frequently accused the press of bias, calling it the "fake news media" and "the [enemy of the people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people "Enemy of the people")".[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-619)
The first Trump presidency reduced formal press briefings from about one hundred in 2017 to two by 2019 and revoked the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-620) By 2024, Trump repeatedly voiced support for [outlawing political dissent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminalization_of_dissent "Criminalization of dissent") and criticism,[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-621) and said that reporters should be prosecuted for not divulging confidential sources and media companies should possibly lose their broadcast licenses for unfavorable coverage of him.[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-622)
In his second term, Trump's actions against the media were unprecedented in modern American history,[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-623) and historians described them as mirroring actions by authoritarian leaders to censor political opponents and negatively impacting the [freedom of speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech "Freedom of speech") and [free press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_press "Free press").[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-624)[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-625) The campaign to police speech drew comparisons to [cancel culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancel_culture "Cancel culture"), government [censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship "Censorship"), and [McCarthyism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism "McCarthyism").[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-626)[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-627)[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-628) The [Federal Communications Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission "Federal Communications Commission") launched investigations into media outlets accused of bias against him.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-629) As a result of Trump's threats, media executives instructed journalists and their staff to [self-censor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-censor "Self-censor") and reduce criticism of Trump.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-630) Many have characterized Trump as causing a significant decline in [freedom of the press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press "Freedom of the press"), including journalist advocacy groups[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FerragamoCFR2025-631)[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-RSFUnitedStates2025-632)[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-CPJPressFreedomUS-633)[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-634) and academic sources.[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-635)[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-636)[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-637)
During Trump's first term, he often used Twitter to communicate directly with the public and sideline the press.[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-gone-638) After years of criticism for allowing Trump to post misinformation and falsehoods, Twitter began to tag some of his tweets with fact-checks in May 2020.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-639) Twitter banned him after the January 6 attack.[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-640) He was banned from [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram"), Twitter, and other platforms after the January 6 attack.[\[639\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-641) The loss of his social media presence diminished his ability to shape events[\[640\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-642)[\[641\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-643) and correlated with a dramatic decrease in the volume of misinformation on Twitter.[\[642\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-644) In February 2022, he launched social media platform [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") where he attracted a fraction of his Twitter following.[\[643\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-645) Twitter reinstated his account in November 2022.[\[644\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-646)[\[645\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-647) The two-year ban at [Meta Platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms") lapsed in January 2023, allowing him to return to Facebook and Instagram.[\[646\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-648)
Assessments
Public image
In Trump's first term, from 2017 to 2021, international approval ratings of U.S. leadership dropped from about 22 percent in a [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc.") poll[\[647\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-649) of 134 countries to 16 percent—lower than China's [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") and Russia's [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin")—in a [Pew Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research "Pew Research") poll[\[648\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-650) of 13 countries. In 2017, estimation of U.S. leadership declined most among allies.[\[649\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-651) Domestically, Trump had chiefly partisan support: 88 percent among Republicans and 7 percent among Democrats.[\[650\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jones-652) In a 2021 Gallup poll, he was the only president never to reach a 50 percent approval rating, and he was the first not to be named most admired in his first year in office.[\[651\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-653)
Scholarly rankings
After Trump's first term, [historians ranked Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#2021_C-SPAN "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States") as the fourth-worst president in [C-SPAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN "C-SPAN")'s 2021 survey of presidential historians.[\[652\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-654) He rated lowest in the leadership characteristics categories for moral authority and administrative skills.[\[653\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-655)[\[654\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-656) The [Siena College Research Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute "Siena College Research Institute")'s 2022 survey [ranked him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#2022_Siena_College "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States") third-worst. He was ranked near the bottom in all categories except for luck, willingness to take risks, and party leadership, and ranked last in several categories.[\[655\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-scri_22-657) In 2018 and 2024, the [American Political Science Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association "American Political Science Association") ranked him the worst president.[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-658)[\[657\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-659)
Personal life
Family
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg)
Trump (rightmost) and his wife Ivana at a 1985 state dinner for King [Fahd of Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia "Fahd of Saudi Arabia") with President [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") and First Lady [Nancy Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan "Nancy Reagan")
In 1977, Trump married [Ivana Zelníčková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1 "Ivana Zelníčková").[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-660) They had three children: [Donald Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Jr. "Donald Jr.") (b. 1977), [Ivanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") (b. 1981), and [Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") (b. 1984). Ivana played a crucial role in generating the "fawning press coverage" that shaped Trump's public image as a real estate mogul.[\[659\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-661) The couple divorced in 1990, following his affair with model and actress [Marla Maples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples "Marla Maples").[\[660\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-662) He and Maples married in 1993 and divorced in 1999. They have one daughter, [Tiffany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") (b. 1993), whom Maples raised in California.[\[661\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-663) In 2005, he married Slovenian model [Melania Knauss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Knauss "Melania Knauss").[\[662\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017266-664) They have one son, [Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") (b. 2006).[\[663\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-665)
Wealth
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1982-_Net_worth_of_Donald_Trump.svg)
Trump's net worth over time, as estimated by *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*[\[664\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes1982--666)[\[665\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes2001--667)
Trump has said he began his career with "a small loan of a million dollars" from his father and that he had to pay it back with interest.[\[666\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-668) He borrowed at least \$60 million from his father, largely did not repay the loans, and received another \$413 million (2018 equivalent, adjusted for inflation) from his father's company.[\[667\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-669)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-36) Posing as a Trump Organization official named "[John Barron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barron_\(pseudonym\) "John Barron (pseudonym)")", Trump called journalist Jonathan Greenberg in 1984, trying to get a higher ranking on the [*Forbes* 400](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_400 "Forbes 400") list of wealthiest Americans.[\[668\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-670)
Trump self-reported his net worth over a wide range, from minus \$900 million in 1990,[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-broke-671) to \$10 billion in 2015.[\[670\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston202120-672) After his business bankruptcies in the 1990s, his lenders forgave more than 80% of his personal debt and allowed him to keep some of his real estate.[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-broke-671) In 2015, *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")* estimated his net worth at \$4.5 billion, based on interviews with more than 80 sources.[\[671\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-673) In 2026, the magazine set that number at \$6.5 billion and ranked him the 645th wealthiest person in the world.[\[672\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-674)
Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein
Trump had a 15-year friendship with convicted sex offender [Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein "Jeffrey Epstein"). Persons who knew them at the time said they frequently "hit on" and competed for women.[\[673\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-675) Media attention and public pressure mounted in 2025, when his administration did not release [files relating to Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_files "Epstein files"), despite Trump's promise to do so during the 2024 campaign.[\[674\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-676) Some of the files were released in December 2025, mostly heavily redacted.[\[675\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-677) Roughly three million additional pages released in 2026 included approximately 38,000 references to Trump, his wife, Mar-a-Lago, and other Trump-related terms. References to Trump included "salacious information" and uncorroborated statements about him from witnesses in transcripts made over several decades.[\[676\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-678)
Health
Trump says he has never drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs,[\[677\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-679)[\[678\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-680) and that he sleeps about four or five hours a night.[\[679\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-681)[\[680\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmondDu2020-682) He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", but usually does not walk the course.[\[681\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-683) He considers exercise a waste of energy, believing the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.[\[682\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-684)[\[683\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991133-685)
In 2015, his campaign released a letter from his longtime personal physician, [Harold Bornstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bornstein "Harold Bornstein"), stating that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dictation-686) In 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter and that three of Trump's agents had seized his medical records in a February 2017 raid on Bornstein's office.[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-dictation-686)[\[685\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-687)
Religion
Trump called himself a [Presbyterian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian "Presbyterian") and a [Protestant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant "Protestant") in 2016.[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-688)[\[687\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-689) In 2020, he said he was a [nondenominational Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondenominational_Christian "Nondenominational Christian").[\[688\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-690) However, many have questioned the depth of these religious affiliations. A survey during his first presidency (2017–2021) showed that 63 percent of Americans did not believe that he was religious, despite professing a Christian affiliation, and that only 44 percent believed he was a Christian.[\[689\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-691) Some of Trump's comments on the Bible or Christian practice have led critical observers to suggest that his knowledge of Christianity is superficial or erroneous, and few biographers have described him as deeply or even particularly religious.[\[690\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-LATimes17-692)[\[691\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-NPR16-693)
In his first term, Trump appointed his personal pastor[\[692\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-694) and spiritual advisor,[\[693\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-695) televangelist [Paula White-Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_White-Cain "Paula White-Cain"), to the White House [Office of Public Liaison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Public_Liaison "Office of Public Liaison").[\[694\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-696) During his second term, he appointed her as senior advisor of the newly created [White House Faith Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Faith_Office "White House Faith Office").[\[695\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-697)[\[696\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_note-698)
See also
- [List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump")
- [Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump")
Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-electoral-college_149-0)** Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided by the [Electoral College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College "United States Electoral College"). Each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") and (in most states) all electors vote for the winner of their state's popular vote.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-153)** A Republican president combined with Republican control of both chambers of Congress
References
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201730,_37_1-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 30, 37.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017v_2-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. v.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-3)**
Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). ["Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It"](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202430%E2%80%9331_4-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), pp. 30–31.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201733,_38,_45_5-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 33, 38, 45.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202466_6-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), p. 66.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201742_7-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 42.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201745%E2%80%9347_8-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 45–47.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraig202499_9-0)** [Buettner & Craig 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBuettnerCraig2024), p. 99.
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747%E2%80%9350_10-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 47–50.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201747_11-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 47.
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-12)**
Selk, Avi (May 20, 2018). ["It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and nearly had to go to war"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*.
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201675_13-2) [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 75.
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201748_14-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 48.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201750%E2%80%9351_15-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 50–51.
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201752%E2%80%9353_16-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), pp. 52–53.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201676_17-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 76.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51_18-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2005a51_18-1) [O'Brien 2005a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFO'Brien2005a), p. 51.
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201679_19-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 79.
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher201759_20-0)** [Kranish & Fisher 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKranishFisher2017), p. 59.
21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015250_21-0)** [Blair 2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBlair2015), p. 250.
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201681_22-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 81.
23. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2016126_23-0)** [Barrett 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBarrett2016), p. 126.
24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Mahler2016Cohn_24-0)**
Mahler, Jonathan; Flegenheimer, Matt (June 20, 2016). ["What Donald Trump Learned From Joseph McCarthy's Right-Hand Man"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
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26. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-inflation-US_26-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-inflation-US_26-1)
1634–1699:
[McCusker, J. J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker "John J. McCusker") (1997). [*How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda*](https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf) (PDF). [American Antiquarian Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society "American Antiquarian Society").
1700–1799:
[McCusker, J. J.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker "John J. McCusker") (1992). [*How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States*](https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf) (PDF). [American Antiquarian Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society "American Antiquarian Society").
1800–present:
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29. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston201645%E2%80%9346_29-0)** [Johnston 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFJohnston2016), pp. 45–46.
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32. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-usat-lawsuits_32-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-usat-lawsuits_32-1)
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[Barstow, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barstow "David Barstow"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig"); [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner") (October 2, 2018). ["Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
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527. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024298_529-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 298.
528. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrbinati2019_530-0)** [Urbinati 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFUrbinati2019).
529. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022_531-0)** [Campani et al. 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFCampaniConcepci%C3%B3nSolerSav%C3%ADn2022).
530. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-532)**
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531. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-533)**
[Savage, Charlie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Savage_\(journalist\) "Charlie Savage (journalist)") (January 22, 2025). ["Trump Seeks to Paralyze Independent Privacy and Civil Liberties Watchdog"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/22/us/trump-privacy-civil-liberties-oversight-board.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
532. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-534)**
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533. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerTowler2019505;_513_535-0)** [Parker & Towler 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFParkerTowler2019), p. 505; 513.
534. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmanHaggard2019_536-0)** [Kaufman & Haggard 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFKaufmanHaggard2019).
535. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024300"Donald_Trump_is_broadly_seen_as_posing_an_existential_threat_to_American_democracy."_537-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 300, "Donald Trump is broadly seen as posing an existential threat to American democracy.".
536. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2024299_538-0)** [Ross 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFRoss2024), p. 299.
537. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-539)**
[Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (September 11, 2024). ["'The End of Our Country': Trump Paints Dark Picture at Debate"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/11/us/politics/trump-debate-dark-picture.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
538. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021229Christian_nationalist_ideology_was_among_the_strongest_predictors_of_Americans_voting_for_Trump_in_2016_and_remained_a_strong_predictor_of_intent_to_vote_for_him_prior_to_the_2020_election_540-0)** [Perry, Whitehead & Grubbs 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFPerryWhiteheadGrubbs2021), p. 229, Christian nationalist ideology was among the strongest predictors of Americans voting for Trump in 2016 and remained a strong predictor of intent to vote for him prior to the 2020 election.
539. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-541)**
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544. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELajevardiOskooii2018_546-0)** [Lajevardi & Oskooii 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFLajevardiOskooii2018).
545. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman202176_547-0)** [Berman 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFBerman2021), p. 76.
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664. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Forbes1982-_666-0)**
Source for years 1982–2000:
Alexander, Dan (October 3, 2023). ["Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth"](https://web.archive.org/web/20231110003952/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/) on November 10, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2026.
Data is not available for 1990 through 1995 because Trump was not included in the [*Forbes* 400](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_400 "Forbes 400") list.
665. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Forbes2001-_667-0)**
Source for years 2001–2026:
Alexander, Dan; Khan-Mullins, Kyle (March 25, 2026). ["Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*.
666. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-668)**
Stump, Scott (October 26, 2015). ["Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of \$1 million to get started"](https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
667. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-669)**
[Barstow, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barstow "David Barstow"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig"); [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner") (October 2, 2018). ["11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation into Trump's Wealth"](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
668. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-670)**
Stracqualursi, Veronica (April 20, 2018). ["Ex-Forbes reporter says Trump posed as executive, lied to him to crack Forbes 400 list"](https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/trump-forbes-400-list-cnntv/). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved December 25, 2024.
669. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-broke_671-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-broke_671-1)
Hilzenrath, David S.; Singletary, Michelle (November 29, 1992). ["Trump went broke, but stayed on top"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/29/trump-went-broke-but-stayed-on-top/e1685555-1de7-400c-99a8-9cd9c0bca9fe/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
670. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston202120_672-0)** [Johnston 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFJohnston2021), p. 20.
671. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-673)**
Lane, Randall (September 29, 2015). ["Inside The Epic Fantasy That's Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/randalllane/2015/09/29/inside-the-epic-fantasy-thats-driven-donald-trump-for-33-years/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
672. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-674)**
Peterson-Withorn, Chase; Chung, Grace; Durot, Matt (2026). ["Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2026"](https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
– Scroll down and enter "trump" in the search box.
673. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-675)**
Feuer, Alan; Goldstein, Matthew (July 19, 2025). ["Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/19/us/politics/inside-trump-epstein-friendship.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
674. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-676)**
Bisset, Victoria; Wells, Dylan (August 2, 2025). ["A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/24/trump-jeffrey-epstein-relationship-controversy-timeline/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
675. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-677)**
Feuer, Alan (December 20, 2025). ["6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/19/us/politics/epstein-files-takeaways.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved December 20, 2025.
676. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-678)**
Eder, Steve; [Bender, Michael C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Bender "Michael C. Bender"); [Enrich, David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Enrich "David Enrich") (February 1, 2026). ["How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/us/trump-epstein-files.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 6, 2026.
677. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-679)**
[Nagourney, Adam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Nagourney "Adam Nagourney") (October 30, 2020). ["In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President"](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/us/trump-biden-alcohol.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
678. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-680)**
[Parker, Ashley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Parker "Ashley Parker"); [Rucker, Philip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Rucker "Philip Rucker") (October 2, 2018). ["Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: 'He doesn't like drinkers.'"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kavanaugh-likes-beer--but-trump-is-a-teetotaler-he-doesnt-like-drinkers/2018/10/02/783f585c-c674-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
679. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-681)**
Dangerfield, Katie (January 17, 2018). ["Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he's not the only famous 'short sleeper'"](https://globalnews.ca/news/3970379/donald-trump-sleep-hours-night/). *[Global News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_News "Global News")*. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
680. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmondDu2020_682-0)** [Almond & Du 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFAlmondDu2020).
681. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-683)**
Ballengee, Ryan (July 14, 2018). ["Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry"](https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/). *Golf News Net*. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
682. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-684)**
Rettner, Rachael (May 14, 2017). ["Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's 'finite' energy"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
683. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991133_685-0)** [O'Donnell & Rutherford 1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991), p. 133.
684. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-dictation_686-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-dictation_686-1)
Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (May 1, 2018). ["Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter"](https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
685. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-687)**
Schecter, Anna (May 1, 2018). ["Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351). *[NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News")*. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
686. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-688)**
Campbell, Colin (January 23, 2016). ["Trump: If I'm president, 'Christianity will have power' in the US"](https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-christianity-merry-christmas-2016-1). *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
687. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-689)**
Engel, Pamela (June 8, 2016). ["Trump on God: 'Hopefully I won't have to be asking for much forgiveness'"](https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-on-god-jesus-2016-6). *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
688. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-690)**
Jenkins, Jack; Mwaura, Maina (October 24, 2020). ["Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as 'non-denominational Christian'"](https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/10/24/trump-confirmed-presbyterian-now-identifies-non-denominational). *[America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_\(magazine\) "America (magazine)")*. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
689. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-691)**
Fahmy, Dalia (March 25, 2020). ["Most Americans don't see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he's Christian"](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/25/most-americans-dont-see-trump-as-religious/). [Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center"). Retrieved April 21, 2023.
690. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-LATimes17_692-0)**
Friedman, Ann (April 19, 2017). ["Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares?"](https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-friedman-trump-religion-20170419-story.html). *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")*. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
691. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NPR16_693-0)**
Taylor, Jessica (January 18, 2016). ["Citing 'Two Corinthians,' Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals"](https://www.npr.org/2016/01/18/463528847/citing-two-corinthians-trump-struggles-to-make-the-sale-to-evangelicals). *[NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")*. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
692. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-694)**
[Peters, Jeremy W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_W._Peters "Jeremy W. Peters"); Dias, Elizabeth (November 2, 2019). ["Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor"](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
693. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-695)**
Shellnut, Faith (February 10, 2025). ["Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office"](https://www.christianitytoday.com/2019/11/white-house-appoints-paula-white-to-oversee-faith-outreach/). *[Christianity Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_Today "Christianity Today")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
694. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-696)**
[Peters, Jeremy W.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_W._Peters "Jeremy W. Peters"); [Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (October 31, 2019). ["Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House"](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
695. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-697)**
Gabbatt, Adam (April 5, 2025). ["'False teacher': Trump's pick to head the 'White House faith office' roils some fellow Christians"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/05/paula-white-faith-office-trump). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
696. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#cite_ref-698)**
Bridges, C. A.; Walker, Diamond (February 20, 2025). ["Trump's new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White"](https://palmbeachpost.com/story/news/trump/2025/02/20/pastor-paula-white-facts-trumps-head-white-house-faith-office/78604425007/). *[The Palm Beach Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palm_Beach_Post "The Palm Beach Post")*. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
Works cited
Books
- [Barrett, Wayne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Barrett "Wayne Barrett") (2016) \[1992\]. *Trump: The Greatest Show On Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention*. [Regan Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regan_Arts "Regan Arts"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-68245-079-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68245-079-6 "Special:BookSources/978-1-68245-079-6")
.
- [Blair, Gwenda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenda_Blair "Gwenda Blair") (2015) \[2001\]. *[The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trumps:_Three_Generations_That_Built_an_Empire "The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire")*. [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-5011-3936-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9")
.
- [Buettner, Russ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Buettner "Russ Buettner"); [Craig, Susanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Craig "Susanne Craig") (2024). *[Lucky Loser: How Donald Trump Squandered His Father's Fortune And Created The Illusion of Success](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Loser_\(book\) "Lucky Loser (book)")*. [Penguin Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Press "Penguin Press"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-593-29864-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29864-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29864-0")
.
- [D'Antonio, Michael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D%27Antonio "Michael D'Antonio") (2015). *Never enough : Donald Trump and the pursuit of success*. Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-250-04238-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-04238-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-250-04238-5")
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- [Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman") (2022). *[Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_Man:_The_Making_of_Donald_Trump_and_the_Breaking_of_America "Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America")*. Penguin Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-593-29734-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29734-6 "Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29734-6")
.
- Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). [*Donald Trump in Historical Perspective*](https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey). Routledge. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.4324/9781003110361-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-003-11036-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1 "Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1")
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- [Hurt III, Harry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Hurt_III "Harry Hurt III") (1993). *Lost Tycoon*. [W. W. Norton & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company "W. W. Norton & Company"). p. 447. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[0-393-03029-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03029-6 "Special:BookSources/0-393-03029-6")
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- [Johnston, David Cay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston "David Cay Johnston") (2016). *[The Making of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Making_of_Donald_Trump "The Making of Donald Trump")*. [Melville House Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_House_Publishing "Melville House Publishing"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-61219-658-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-658-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-658-9")
.
- [Johnston, David Cay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston "David Cay Johnston") (2021). *The Big Cheat: How Donald Trump Fleeced America And Enriched Himself And His Family*. [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-9821-7804-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7804-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7804-8")
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- [Kakutani, Michiko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiko_Kakutani "Michiko Kakutani") (2018). ["The Firehose of Falsehood: Propaganda and Fake News"](https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94). *The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump*. [Crown/Archetype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown/Archetype "Crown/Archetype"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-525-57484-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57484-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57484-2")
.
- [Klein, Naomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Klein "Naomi Klein") (2017). *[No Is Not Enough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Is_Not_Enough "No Is Not Enough")*. [Penguin Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books "Penguin Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-14-198679-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198679-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198679-1")
.
- [Kranish, Michael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kranish "Michael Kranish"); [Fisher, Marc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Fisher "Marc Fisher") (2017) \[2016\]. [*Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Revealed "Trump Revealed"). [Simon & Schuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster "Simon & Schuster"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-5011-5652-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6")
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- [Meacham, Jon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Meacham "Jon Meacham") (2016). *[Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destiny_and_Power:_The_American_Odyssey_of_George_Herbert_Walker_Bush "Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush")*. [Random House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House "Random House"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8129-7947-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7947-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7947-3")
.
- [O'Brien, Timothy L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_L._O%27Brien "Timothy L. O'Brien") (2005a). *TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald*. [Grand Central Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Central_Publishing "Grand Central Publishing"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-446-69617-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-69617-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-446-69617-3")
.
- O'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991). [*Trumped\!*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumped!_\(book\) "Trumped! (book)"). Crossroad Press Trade Edition. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-946025-26-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-946025-26-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-946025-26-5")
.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFLopez2019)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFDesjardins2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFDawsey2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFStoddardMfula2018)[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump#CITEREFWeaver2018b)
Journals
- Adams, Kenneth Alan (Spring 2021). ["The Trump Death Cult"](https://www.proquest.com/openview/c5d4601ebe8dcb232f9ab2965e900d70/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35407). *[Journal of Psychohistory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Psychohistory "Journal of Psychohistory")*. **48** (4): 256–276\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0145-3378](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-3378). Retrieved February 22, 2026.
- Diamond, Michael J. (February 22, 2023). ["Perverted Containment: Trumpism, Cult Creation, and the Rise of Destructive American Populism"](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147). *Psychoanalytic Inquiry*. **43** (2). [Taylor & Francis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"): 96–109\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/07351690.2023.2163147](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07351690.2023.2163147). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0735-1690](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0735-1690). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241106102947/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147) from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
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Further reading
- [Books credited to Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump#Credited_to_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
- [Books about Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump#About_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
External links
- [Archive of Donald Trump's tweets](https://www.thetrumparchive.com/) (Enter 2021-01-09 into the **End Date** field to view tweets from before the suspension.) |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/Donald_Trump s443 |