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| Boilerpipe Text | CoronaVac
An empty vial of the CoronaVac vaccine
Vaccine description
Target
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine type
Inactivated
Clinical data
Trade names
CoronaVac
Other names
PiCoVacc
Routes of
administration
Intramuscular
ATC code
J07BN03
(
WHO
)
Legal status
Legal status
BR
:
Emergency use
[
1
]
[
2
]
Full list of CoronaVac authorizations
Identifiers
CAS Number
2480309-93-9
[
3
]
DrugBank
DB15806
UNII
M1QXB372B8
CoronaVac
, also known as the
Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine
, was a
whole inactivated virus
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
[
4
]
developed by
Sinovac
[
5
]
[
6
]
and extensively deployed globally to control the
COVID-19 pandemic
. Its use was highest in low- and middle-income countries.
[
7
]
[
8
]
[
9
]
In January 2024, Sinovac confirmed that production of CoronaVac had been discontinued.
[
10
]
Clinical trials have demonstrated that a standard two-dose regimen provides moderate efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, ranging from about 50% to 83% depending on population and circulating viral variants, with more robust protection observed against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Although most adverse reactions are mild and serious vaccine-related events are rare, the vaccine’s immune protection against symptomatic infection wanes over time, especially in the context of emerging variants such as
Omicron
, leading to recommendations for booster doses to sustain immunity and reduce severe outcomes. Overall, CoronaVac’s safety and efficacy profile in preventing severe COVID-19 have contributed to its use in vaccination programs, particularly in regions with limited access to
mRNA vaccines
.
[
7
]
[
8
]
[
9
]
On 1 June 2021, the
World Health Organization
(WHO) validated CoronaVac for emergency use.
[
11
]
[
12
]
Sinovac subsequently signed agreements to supply 380 million doses to
COVAX
.
[
13
]
By July 2021, CoronaVac was the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine globally, with about 943 million doses delivered.
[
14
]
As of 14 October 2021, it remained the vaccine with the highest number of doses administered worldwide.
[
15
]
Medical uses
The vaccine is given by
intramuscular injection
into the
deltoid muscle
. The initial course consists of two doses. The
World Health Organization
(WHO) recommends an interval of 4 weeks between doses, with data from Chile suggesting that a longer interval provides more robust immunity.
[
16
]
Early evidence suggested that immunity wanes rapidly, so a
booster dose
after the initial course might be needed.
[
17
]
[
15
]
Effectiveness
In Brazil, a study was conducted in
Serrana
, population 45,000, where authorities attempted to vaccinate the entire adult population with CoronaVac.
[
18
]
After 75% of the adult population received the vaccine, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86% and symptomatic cases by 80%. According to Ricardo Palacios, a director at São Paulo's
Instituto Butantan
, "The most important result was understanding that we can control the pandemic even without vaccinating the entire population."
[
19
]
[
20
]
In July 2021, researchers from the
Chilean Ministry of Health
published a paper containing real-world data for their vaccination campaign. The study was conducted between 2 February and 1 May 2021, consisting of 10.2 million people. The effectiveness of CoronaVac vaccine after the second dose was
66%
(95%
CI
,
65
–
67%
) in preventing symptomatic disease,
88%
(
) for hospitalization,
90%
(
) for ICU admission, and
86%
(
) in preventing COVID-19 related deaths. The effectiveness after the first dose was
16%
(95%
CI
,
14
–
17%
) against symptomatic disease,
37%
(
) against hospitalization,
45%
(
) against ICU admission, and
46%
(
) against deaths. The study concluded that the vaccine was effective in preventing COVID-19.
[
21
]
In May 2021, real-world data from Indonesia showed the vaccine was highly effective, with 94% of inoculated health care workers protected against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, besting results of clinical trials.
[
22
]
In this study of 128,290 health workers in Jakarta,
[
23
]
less than 1% of the vaccinated healthcare workers contracted symptomatic COVID-19, compared to more than 8% among the unvaccinated healthcare workers. The vaccine reduced the risk of hospitalization and death of the inoculated medical workers by 96% and 98% respectively.
[
24
]
[
25
]
Uruguay released real-world data based on 795,684 people who have received both doses of CoronaVac for more than 14 days as of 1 June 2021. In this group, 8,298 tested positive, 45 were admitted to the ICU, and 35 died of COVID-19. This indicated 64.52% and 61.47% effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 cases for people aged 18–49 and 50 and older respectively. The vaccine was 94.95% and 92.18% effective in reducing ICU admissions, and 95.35% and 95.2% effective to prevent deaths. Among fully-vaccinated healthcare professionals, the vaccine was 66% effective in preventing cases, and 100% effective in preventing ICU admissions and deaths.
[
26
]
Preliminary results from a test-negative case-control study from 19 January to 13 April 2021 in
Manaus
suggest that, after just one dose, the vaccine is
35%
(95%
CI
,
−7
to
61%
) effective against asymptomatic infections and
50%
(95%
CI
,
11
–
71%
) against symptomatic disease. The one-dose group consisted of 53,176 healthcare professionals. During the study, 66% of the samples were of the
Gamma variant
. The same study found paradoxically reduced effectiveness against symptomatic disease in another group that received two doses, an effect attributed by the authors to unmeasured
confounding
leading to downward bias in the efficacy estimate.
[
27
]
In Chile, the effectiveness against symptomatic disease dropped from 67% between February–April 2021 to 58.5% in early July. Because of this, on 11 August, Chile began giving an additional dose of the
Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
to people over 55 who were fully vaccinated with CoronaVac before 31 March.
[
28
]
In October 2021, a large scale study in Chile with 2,017,878 participants reported that, with a CoronaVac booster, effectiveness against hospitalization increased from 84% to 88% and effectiveness against symptomatic disease increased from 56% to 80%. The greatest increases were seen with a heterologous
Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
booster, resulting in 96% effectiveness against hospitalization and 93% against symptomatic disease.
[
29
]
A study by the University of Hong Kong in December 2021 found that a third dose of CoronaVac does not provide sufficient protection against the Omicron variant,
[
30
]
directly contradicting the vaccine manufacturer's claim
[
31
]
and a study by the
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
that it does.
[
32
]
In April 2022, a Singapore study by infectious diseases experts from the
National Centre for Infectious Diseases
and the
Ministry of Health
found that CoronaVac recipients were 4.59 times more likely to have severe COVID-19 as well as 2.37 times more likely to be infected, compared to those who took the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
[
33
]
[
34
]
Variants
In the following tables, a vaccine is generally considered effective if the estimate is ≥50% with a >30% lower limit of the 95%
confidence interval
.
[
35
]
Effectiveness is generally expected to slowly decrease over time.
[
36
]
Initial
effectiveness
by
variant
Doses
Severity of illness
Delta
Gamma
1
Asymptomatic
Not reported
16%
(
15
–
17%
)
[
37
]
Symptomatic
14%
(
−60
to
55%
)
[
A
]
Not reported
Hospitalization
Not reported
27%
(
25
–
28%
)
[
37
]
2
Asymptomatic
Not reported
54%
(
53
–
55%
)
[
37
]
Symptomatic
59%
(
16
–
82%
)
[
A
]
Not reported
Moderate
[
B
]
70%
(
43
–
96%
)
[
39
]
Not reported
Hospitalization
100%
[
C
]
[
39
]
73%
(
72
–
74%
)
[
37
]
^
a
b
Efficacy from a study with 366 participants.
[
38
]
^
Cases with imaging characteristics of pneumonia and also fever and respiratory symptoms.
[
38
]
^
A
confidence interval
was not provided, so it is not possible to know the accuracy of this measurement.
In the elderly
A test-negative case-control study from 17 January to 29 April 2021 in the
state of São Paulo
, during which 86% of the collected genotype isolates were of the
Gamma variant
, with 43,774 participants aged 70 years or older, found an effectiveness after two doses of
47%
(95%
CI
,
39
–
54%
) against symptomatic disease,
56%
(95%
CI
,
47
–
63%
) against hospitalization and
61%
(95%
CI
,
49
–
71%
) against death. After a single dose, the effectiveness was only
13%
(
) against symptomatic disease,
17%
(
) against hospitalization and
31%
(
) against death, highlighting the importance of receiving the second dose.
[
40
]
The study also found that effectiveness against symptomatic disease decreased with increasing age:
Initial
effectiveness
in old age after two doses (Brazil)
[
40
]
Severity of illness
Age 70–74
Age 75–79
Age ≥80
Symptomatic
59%
(
44
–
70%
)
56%
(
43
–
66%
)
33%
(
17
–
46%
)
Hospitalization
78%
(
63
–
87%
)
67%
(
52
–
77%
)
39%
(
21
–
53%
)
Death
84%
(
59
–
94%
)
78%
(
59
–
88%
)
44%
(
20
–
61%
)
Preliminary data from a large effectiveness study in Brazil with 61 million individuals from 18 January to 30 June 2021, when the
Gamma variant
was dominant in the country, indicate that effectiveness is markedly reduced in those aged 90 or older, attributable to
immunosenescence
:
[
37
]
Initial
effectiveness
by age (Brazil)
[
37
]
Doses
Severity of illness
Age <60
Age 60–69
Age 70–79
Age 80–89
Age ≥90
1
Asymptomatic
14%
(
12
–
16%
)
15%
(
13
–
18%
)
25%
(
23
–
27%
)
2%
(
−3
to
6%
)
[
i
]
−19%
(
−31
to
9%
)
[
i
]
Hospitalization
34%
(
27
–
40%
)
30%
(
26
–
33%
)
33%
(
30
–
35%
)
8%
(
2
–
14%
)
−16%
(
−31
to
3%
)
[
i
]
Death
42%
(
26
–
54%
)
36%
(
30
–
41%
)
38%
(
35
–
42%
)
10%
(
3
–
11%
)
−22%
(
−41
to
6%
)
[
i
]
2
Asymptomatic
45%
(
43
–
46%
)
56%
(
54
–
57%
)
62%
(
61
–
63%
)
57%
(
55
–
60%
)
32%
(
24
–
38%
)
Hospitalization
84%
(
81
–
87%
)
78%
(
76
–
80%
)
74%
(
73
–
75%
)
63%
(
60
–
66%
)
33%
(
23
–
41%
)
Death
77%
(
67
–
83%
)
79%
(
77
–
80%
)
78%
(
77
–
80%
)
67%
(
64
–
71%
)
35%
(
24
–
45%
)
^
a
b
c
d
The
confidence interval
includes zero, so it is possible that vaccination had no effect.
Specific populations
On 21 October 2021, the WHO recommended a third dose as part of the initial course for older adults 3–6 months after the second dose and for immunocompromised individuals 1–3 months after the second dose because these groups mount a weaker immune response compared to healthy adults. Where supplies are limited, the third dose for seniors should be given after achieving high coverage with two doses.
[
16
]
Manufacturing
Brazilian version of CoronaVac, filled and finished by Instituto Butantan
As an
inactivated vaccine
like the
Sinopharm BIBP vaccine
and
Covaxin
, CoronaVac uses a more traditional technology
[
41
]
[
42
]
that is similar to the inactivated
polio vaccine
. Initially, a sample of
SARS-CoV-2
from China was used to grow large quantities of the virus using
vero cells
. From then on, the viruses are soaked in
beta-propiolactone
, which deactivates them by binding to their genes, while leaving other viral particles intact. The resulting inactivated viruses are then mixed with the
adjuvant
aluminium hydroxide
.
[
5
]
[
43
]
[
44
]
CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the vaccine and raw material for formulating the new doses could be transported and refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.
[
45
]
CoronaVac could remain stable for up to three years in storage, which might offer some advantage in vaccine distribution to regions where
cold chains
are not developed.
[
46
]
In November 2020, Brazil's
Instituto Butantan
began building a facility to manufacture 100 million doses of CoronaVac a year, with a target completion date in September 2021.
[
47
]
On 10 December, São Paulo Governor João Doria said that in the interim, prior to the local manufacture of CoronaVac, Instituto Butantan aimed to
fill and finish
1 million doses of the vaccine per day.
[
48
]
In April 2021, Sinovac said its third manufacturing plant for Coronavac was ready and had started manufacturing bulk vaccine ingredients, doubling its annual capacity to 2 billion doses.
[
49
]
In April 2021,
Bio Farma
of Indonesia had filled and finished 35 million doses of CoronaVac, but was facing some production delays because of diminished supply of bulk delivered CoronaVac from China.
[
50
]
In May 2021, Malaysian company
Pharmaniaga
obtained local approval for its fill and finish CoronaVac.
[
51
]
In May 2021, Turkey was provided a license to produce CoronaVac.
[
52
]
In May 2021, Hungary announced an agreement to fill and finish CoronaVac, with the goal to eventually manufacture it locally in a new plant in
Debrecen
.
[
53
]
In June 2021, Egypt announced that it would produce about 40 million doses by the end of that year. Distribution of the locally produced vaccine would begin by August and it would be used locally and sent to other African nations.
[
54
]
History
Clinical trials
Phase I–II
In April 2020, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 744 participants on adults over the age 18–59, and In May, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 422 participants on elderly adults over the age 60 and above.
[
55
]
[
56
]
Preliminary results indicate that neutralizing antibodies fell below the seropositive threshold 6 to 8 months after the first two doses, and that a third dose given 6 or more months after the second dose raised neutralizing antibody levels beyond that of an initial course consisting of 3 doses.
[
57
]
In the
Phase II trial
completed in July 2020 published in
The Lancet
, CoronaVac showed
seroconversion
of neutralising antibodies for 109 (92%) of 118 participants in the 3 μg group, 117 (98%) of 119 in the 6 μg group, after the days 0 and 14 schedule; whereas at day 28 after the days 0 and 28 schedule, seroconversion was seen in 114 (97%) of 117 in the 3 μg group, 118 (100%) of 118 in the 6 μg group.
[
58
]
Phase II results for older adults published in
The Lancet
showed CoronaVac was safe and well tolerated in older adults, with neutralising antibody induced by a 3 μg dose similar to those of a 6 μg dose.
[
59
]
Phase III
It was
phase III
clinically trialled in Brazil,
[
60
]
Chile,
[
61
]
Indonesia,
[
62
]
the Philippines,
[
63
]
and Turkey
[
64
]
and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the
Sinopharm BIBP vaccine
, another Chinese vaccine, and
Covaxin
, an Indian vaccine.
[
42
]
CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.
[
45
]
In July 2020, Sinovac began Phase III trials to evaluate efficacy and safety on 9,000 volunteer healthcare professionals in Brazil, collaborating with Butantan Institute.
[
65
]
[
66
]
On 19 October,
São Paulo
Governor
João Doria
said the first results of the clinical study conducted in Brazil proved that among the vaccines being tested in the country, CoronaVac is the safest, the one with the best and most promising immunization rates.
[
67
]
On 23 October, São Paulo increased the number of volunteers in the trial to 13,000.
[
68
]
Brazil briefly paused the trials on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming them the next day. The suicide was unrelated to the vaccine trial.
[
69
]
[
70
]
In August, a trial was started in Chile run by
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
which was expected to include 3,000 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65.
[
61
]
In August, Sinovac began trials in Indonesia with
Bio Farma
in
Bandung
involving 1,620 volunteers.
[
62
]
In September, Turkey began trials with 13,000 volunteers on a two-dose 14-day interval.
[
71
]
The monitoring process took place at 25 centers in 12 cities across the country.
[
72
]
The Governor of
West Java
Ridwan Kamil
participating in phase 3 trial of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia.
In October, Sinovac began trials in China involving 1,040 volunteers.
[
73
]
In April 2021, Sinovac began Phase II/III trials for the elderly aged 60–80 in the Philippines involving 352 volunteers.
[
74
]
Children and adolescents trials
In September 2020, Sinovac began Phase I–II trials in China on children and adolescents ages 3–17.
[
75
]
In May 2021, Sinovac began Phase IIb trials in China with 500 participants for children and adolescents 3–17 years old.
[
76
]
In June 2021, it was announced that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic in this age group.
[
77
]
In July, Sinovac began Phase III trials in Chile with 14,000 participants for children and adolescents and expand from 6 months to 17 years old.
[
78
]
Results of Phase III trials
Peer-reviewed Phase III results from Turkey showed an efficacy of
83.5%
(95%
CI
,
65.4
–
92.1%
). The final efficacy rate was based on 41 infections, 32 of which had received a placebo. The vaccine prevented hospitalization and severe illness in 100% of cases, with all six people who were hospitalized in the placebo group. The final results were based on 10,218 participants in the trials.
[
79
]
[
44
]
Phase III results from Brazil submitted to Lancet showed 50.7% efficacy at preventing symptomatic infections, 83.7% effective in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of 21 days or more between the doses. A total of 12,396 volunteers participated in the study between 21 July and 16 December 2020. All participants received at least one dose of the vaccine or placebo. Of this total, 9,823 participants received both doses.
[
80
]
Further detail published by Sinovac showed an efficacy
50.65%
(95%
CI
,
35.66
–
62.15%
) against all symptomatic cases,
83.70%
(
) against cases that require medical treatment, and
100.00%
(
) against severe, hospitalized and fatal cases. In the placebo group (N=4870), there were 168 COVID cases, 30 cases requiring medical attention, and 10 severe cases including one death. In the vaccine group (N=4953), there were 85 COVID cases, 5 cases requiring medical attention, and no severe cases or deaths.
[
81
]
On 1 April 2021, a preliminary report
[
82
]
from a
phase III clinical trial
in Chile
[
83
]
revealed that CoronaVac is safe and induces
humoral
and
cell-mediated immunity
in adults (18–59 years old) and the elderly (60 years or older) similar to previous phase II trials conducted in China with the same age groups and immunization schedule consisting of two doses with a 14-day interval. The side effects were mild and local, mainly limited to pain at the injection site, which was more common in adults.
Seroconversion
rates for adults 14–28 days after the second dose were 95.6% for the
IgG
specific against the S1-RBD (
receptor
binding domain
of the S1
subunit
of the
spike protein
) and 96% for
neutralizing
anti-S1-RBD IgG. For the elderly, seroconversion rates were 100% 14 days and 87.5% 28 days after the second dose for the S1-RBD specific IgG, 90% 14 days, and 100% 28 days after the second dose for neutralizing anti-S1-RBD IgG. As found in
studies in animals
, seroconversion rates for IgG specific against the N (
nucleocapsid
)
protein
were weak for both groups, although CoronaVac contains significant amounts of the N protein. A robust increase of
T helper cells
(CD4
+
) secreting
interferon gamma
was detected 14 days after both doses in response to stimulation with peptides of the S protein and of other viral particles, but the response to S protein peptides was reduced in the elderly due to a natural reduction of activated CD4
+
T cells in this age group, as found in studies of other vaccines. The immune response of
cytotoxic T cell
(CD8
+
) was not as robust. The observed CD4
+
T cell response is considered a balanced immune response capable of viral clearance and is similar to that observed in other COVID-19 vaccines, such as
BNT162b1
and
Convidecia
.
Phase III results from Turkey, published in
The Lancet
, showed an efficacy of 84% based on 10,218 participants in the trials.
[
79
]
[
44
]
Phase III results from Brazil previously showed 50.7% efficacy in preventing symptomatic infections and 83.7% effectiveness in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of at least 21 days between the doses.
[
80
]
Variability in results
In early January 2021, Brazilian health officials announced that the vaccine had an efficacy of 78%. One week later, they revised this figure to 50.4%, stating that the revised figure now included "very mild" cases of COVID-19 among trial participants which were omitted in the earlier analysis.
[
84
]
[
85
]
Ricardo Palácios, medical director of Brazil's
Instituto Butantan
, said Sinovac's relatively low efficacy rate of 50% was due to more rigorous standards for what counted as an infection among trial participants.
[
86
]
The Institute split cases in six categories: asymptomatic, very mild, mild, two levels of moderate, and severe; the first two didn't require medical assistance.
[
84
]
[
85
]
Possible explanations for lower efficacy rate included: trial was largely made up of frontline health care workers who were more exposed to the virus;
[
85
]
two vaccine doses were given at shorter intervals (2 weeks);
[
85
]
[
87
]
counting very mild cases;
[
85
]
[
88
]
and the
Gamma variant
(lineage P.1), more transmissible and perhaps evaded immunity better, was circulating.
[
88
]
According to Instituto Butantan director Dimas Covas, the Brazilian group was considered more vulnerable to infection and exposure to higher viral loads. In Turkish and Indonesian Phase III trials, the composition of volunteers was similar to that of the general population.
[
89
]
Post phase III
A real-world study of tens of millions of Chileans who received CoronaVac found it to be 66% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 88% effective against hospitalization, 90% effective against ICU admissions, and 86% effective against deaths.
[
21
]
In Brazil, after 75% of the population in
Serrana, São Paulo
, received CoronaVac, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86%, and symptomatic cases by 80%.
[
90
]
[
91
]
In Indonesia, real-world data from 128,290 healthcare workers showed 94% protection against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, beating results in clinical trials.
[
22
]
Variants
On 10 March,
Instituto Butantan
Director Dimas Covas said CoronaVac was efficacious against three variants of COVID-19 in the country;
Alpha
(lineage B.1.1.7),
Beta
(lineage B.1.351), and lineage B.1.1.28 (identified in Brazil), from which
Gamma
and Zeta (lineages P.1 and P.2) descend.
[
92
]
Preliminary results from a large study of health care workers suggest one dose of CoronaVac is still about 50% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 in Manaus. In April 2021, it was reported that over 75% of new cases were being caused by the highly transmissible Gamma variant.
[
93
]
In June, Thailand's Public Health Ministry stated the vaccine had 71%-91% efficacy against infection by the
Alpha
strain.
[
94
]
In June 2021,
Reuters
reported that more than 350 Indonesian doctors and medical workers out of 5,000 in
Kudus
contracted the
Delta
strain despite being vaccinated with the CoronaVac, an infection rate of 7%. In response,
Griffith University
epidemiologist Dicky Budiman questioned the efficacy of CoronaVac against the variant but overall still recommended that people take the vaccine, expressing "confidence that to a certain degree Sinovac has effectiveness against the new variant". He stated that the situation was due to various factors, including a "lack of proper protective gear and the overall situation in Indonesia".
[
95
]
The vast majority of those infected were protected from severe symptoms and recovered without hospitalization.
[
96
]
A Hong Kong 2022 study of the BA.2
Omicron variant
comparing CoronaVac with
BNT162b2
(Pfizer) found effectiveness of 32.4% and 41.4% (respectively) in preventing infections with two doses, and 41.6% versus 50.9% (respectively) in preventing infections with three doses.
[
97
]
Another Hong Kong study of the BA.2 Omicron variant comparing CoronaVac with BNT162b2 for adults over age 60 found effectiveness of 69.9% versus 89.3% (respectively) in preventing severe disease or death with two doses, and 97.9% for both vaccines with three doses.
[
98
]
Authorizations
The
World Health Organization
(WHO) validated the Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use on 1 June 2021.
[
99
]
[
12
]
The recommendation was given with limited evidence at the time of approval for groups other than healthy adults. The WHO
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts
expressed high level of confidence in the efficacy of the vaccine for adults, moderate confidence in the efficacy for older adults and individuals with comorbidities, moderate confidence in its safety for adults and low confidence in its safety for the elderly and individuals with comorbidities.
[
44
]
In late August 2020, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use to vaccinate high-risk groups such as medical staff.
[
100
]
In early February, China approved CoronaVac for general use.
[
101
]
On 5 June 2021, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use with children and adolescents for 3–17 years old.
[
citation needed
]
In January 2021, Bolivia authorized use of CoronaVac.
[
102
]
In April, Panama approved emergency use of Coronavac.
[
103
]
On 4 May, the EMA's human medicines committee (CHMP) started a rolling review of CoronaVac.
[
104
]
In June, Bangladesh approved Coronavac for emergency use.
[
105
]
Society and culture
Economics
As of 7 July 2021, CoronaVac is the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine in the world, with 943 million doses delivered globally.
[
14
]
In July, Sinovac signed advanced purchase agreements with
GAVI
to supply
COVAX
with 50 million doses in the third quarter of 2021 and up to a total of 380 million doses by the first half of 2022.
[
106
]
[
107
]
Asia
In January, Azerbaijan launched its vaccination campaign with CoronaVac.
[
108
]
It purchased 4 million doses from Turkey and 5 million doses from China.
[
109
]
In May, Armenia received 100,000 doses from China.
[
110
]
In February, Cambodia approved Coronavac for emergency use
[
111
]
and started vaccinations in March.
[
112
]
By July, the country had received 10.5 million doses.
[
113
]
In October, Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to distribute CoronaVac to 7,000 healthcare workers, after conducting Phase III trials with the
Saudi Arabian National Guard
.
[
114
]
In November, Turkey signed a contract to buy 50 million doses of CoronaVac.
[
115
]
Turkey approved emergency use on 13 January
[
116
]
and President
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
received his first dose at Ankara City Hospital.
[
117
]
In February, Turkey signed a deal for another 50 million doses for a total of 100 million doses.
[
118
]
By March 10.7 million doses had been administered, and 852 of the 1.3 million people who had received both doses were later diagnosed with the disease. 53 were hospitalized, but none of those hospitalized were intubated or died.
[
119
]
In December, Hong Kong ordered 7.5 million doses of CoronaVac.
[
120
]
The vaccination campaign with CoronaVac began on 26 February.
[
121
]
By December 2020, Indonesia had signed agreements for 140 million doses of CoronaVac.
[
122
]
Indonesia approved emergency use authorization on 11 January
[
123
]
and President
Joko Widodo
received the first shot of the vaccine.
[
124
]
By June, Indonesia had received 118.7 million bulk doses.
[
125
]
In January, Malaysia ordered 12 million doses
[
126
]
which was approved for emergency use in March.
[
127
]
Science, Technology and Innovation Minister
Khairy Jamaluddin
received the first dose as part of the vaccination campaign.
[
128
]
In March, Kazakhstan ordered 3 million doses,
[
129
]
of which 500,000 doses arrived in June and has been approved for use by the Ministry of Health.
[
130
]
In May, Oman received its first batch of the vaccine.
[
131
]
In April, Pakistan granted emergency use authorization for CoronaVac
[
132
]
and received 14.5 million doses by July.
[
133
]
In January, the Philippines announced the country had secured 25 million doses.
[
134
]
The vaccine was approved on 22 February but not for all health workers as it had lower efficacy when used with health workers compared to healthy individuals aged 18–59. The first 600,000 doses of CoronaVac arrived on 28 February,
[
135
]
and the country had received 7.5 million doses by June.
[
136
]
Singapore signed advance purchase agreements for CoronaVac.
[
137
]
In February, the first doses arrived
[
138
]
and in June it was approved for use under the Special Access Route.
[
139
]
In May, Tajikistan's Ministry of Health announced it would receive 150,000 doses.
[
140
]
In February, Thailand approved emergency use
[
141
]
and started its vaccination program on 27 February.
[
142
]
As of June, Thailand had received 10.5 million doses.
[
143
]
In May 2021, Georgia began vaccinations with CoronaVac,
[
144
]
for which it received 1 million doses by July.
[
145
]
In May 2021, Turkmenistan received a delivery of CoronaVac.
[
146
]
In May 2021, AKIPress reported Uzbekistan plans to use CoronaVac.
[
147
]
In October 2021, Singapore included CoronaVac in its National Vaccination Programme for people aged 18 and over who are ineligible for
mRNA vaccines
due to allergies or serious adverse reactions after the first dose.
[
148
]
Africa
In March, Benin received 203,000 doses of CoronaVac
[
149
]
and started vaccinations on 29 March prioritizing healthcare workers, people over 60, and those with co-morbidities.
[
150
]
In April, Botswana received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac as a donation and purchased an additional 200,000 doses
[
151
]
to be used in the vaccination program.
[
152
]
In March, Djibouti received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac.
[
153
]
In April, Egypt approved emergency use of CoronaVac.
[
154
]
In April, Guinea received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac which it had purchased.
[
155
]
In April, Libya received 150,000 doses of CoronaVac from Turkey.
[
156
]
In April, Somalia received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.
[
157
]
In July, South Africa approved CoronaVac for emergency use, and was expected to receive 2.5 million doses shortly.
[
158
]
In April, Togo received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.
[
159
]
In March, Tunisia's Ministry of Health approved marketing authorization for CoronaVac
[
160
]
and the first 200,000 doses arrived on 25 March.
[
161
]
In March, Zimbabwe approved emergency use
[
162
]
and the first 1 million doses arrived on 30 March.
[
163
]
Europe
In March, Albania launched its vaccination campaign using mainly CoronaVac,
[
164
]
a week after securing 1 million doses from Turkey.
[
165
]
By June, Northern Cyprus received 190,000 doses donated by Turkey.
[
166
]
In March, Bosnia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey.
[
167
]
In June, North Macedonia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey
[
166
]
and another 500,000 doses it purchased.
[
168
]
In March, Ukraine granted approval for use of CoronaVac. Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Company Lekhim has an agreement to deliver 5 million doses.
[
169
]
1.7 million doses had been delivered by June.
[
170
]
In April, Moldova purchased 400,000 doses of CoronaVac.
[
171
]
South America
São Paulo State Secretary of Health Jean Gorinchteyn (left) and Instituto Butantan chairman Dimas Covas (right) holding single-dose prefilled syringes of CoronaVac, part of the fourth shipment of Sinovac-manufactured vaccine to arrive in Brazil
In Brazil, São Paulo governor
João Doria
signed a $90 million contract with Sinovac in September to receive the initial 46 million doses of CoronaVac.
[
172
]
The price for CoronaVac was announced to be US$10.3 (about R$59).
[
173
]
In January, Brazil announced it would obtain 100 million total doses.
[
174
]
On 17 January, Brazil's health regulatory agency
Anvisa
approved emergency use of CoronaVac.
[
175
]
In early February, Brazil said it intends to buy an additional 30 million doses on top of existing 100 million doses.
[
176
]
A total of 39.7 million doses had been delivered by early April.
[
177
]
In October, Chile signed an agreement to purchase 20 million doses of CoronaVac
[
178
]
which was approved for emergency use on 20 January.
[
179
]
By early March, the country had received 10 million doses of CoronaVac and had vaccinated 4.1 million people.
[
180
]
In February, Colombia had purchased 5 million doses and was in talks for an additional 5 million doses,
[
181
]
which had been approved for emergency use on 5 February.
[
182
]
In February, Ecuador signed a deal for 2 million doses which was approved for emergency use,
[
183
]
with the first 1 million doses arrived in early April.
[
184
]
[
185
]
In March, Paraguay received a donation of 20,000 doses from Chile.
[
186
]
Paraguay began vaccinations with CoronaVac on 10 March.
[
187
]
In January, Uruguay purchased 1.75 million doses,
[
188
]
of which the first 192,000 doses arrived on 25 February and vaccinations started on 1 March.
[
189
]
North America
By June 2021, Dominican Republic had received 7.8 million doses
[
190
]
of an order for 10 million doses.
[
191
]
In March 2021, El Salvador received 1 million doses of a total 2 million dose order for CoronaVac. The immunization campaign was initially focused on teachers, health professionals, firefighters, police, and military personnel. The first doses were provided to public school teachers beginning on March 30, with rollout expanding to private school teachers shortly after. Vaccination of the general public was planned for April 15, after the vaccination of the priority groups.
[
192
]
In February 2021, Mexico approved emergency use of CoronaVac.
[
193
]
The country had ordered 20 million doses by March 2021,
[
194
]
of which 7 million had been received by May.
[
195
]
Oceania
In March, Fiji said it would be receiving a donation of CoronaVac.
[
196
]
Controversies
China state media propaganda
In January 2021, as part of a
misinformation campaign
, multiple Chinese state and CCP-affiliated media outlets, including CGTN and the
Global Times
,
have touted CoronaVac and Chinese vaccines as "relatively safer due to their mature technology". Pushing back against concerns of CoronaVac efficacy over the lack of transparency over releasing test results, China state media have raised doubts about the efficacy of the
Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine
, calling for an investigation into the deaths of elderly people in Norway and Germany after receiving the vaccine. According to Reuters, the reports made allegations of "deliberately downplaying the deaths" and "using propaganda power to promote the Pfizer vaccine and smearing Chinese vaccines".
[
197
]
[
198
]
According to a
Ming Pao
report published on 21 March 2022, of the 1,486 who died of COVID-19 after receiving at least one dose, 1,292 of them or 87%—had gotten the Sinovac vaccine.
[
199
]
The Centre for Health Protection's Chuang Shuk-kwan said that the
Ming Pao
report was inaccurate and has defended CorovaVac, saying "The issue is not about which jab offers more protection. The most important thing is whether you get vaccinated."
[
200
]
Earlier in February 2022, health authorities refused to disclose data on which COVID-19 vaccine had been taken by Omicron patients, claiming the information "was not readily available."
[
201
]
Hong Kong government data showed CoronaVac to be the preferred vaccine among those aged 70 and over, in part because some elderly care homes only offer this vaccine. However, CoronaVac's limited effectiveness compared to the BioNTech vaccine, along with the zero-COVID strategy, have been regarded as factors behind Hong Kong's spiking cases as of March 2022.
[
202
]
[
203
]
Politicization
CoronaVac has been championed by the governor of
São Paulo
,
João Doria
.
[
204
]
A political showdown began in October 2020, when Bolsonaro vetoed a deal between the Brazilian health ministry and the São Paulo government for the purchase of 46 million doses of the vaccine.
[
205
]
After Instituto Butantan announced CoronaVac's efficacy rate, Bolsonaro mocked the vaccine's effectiveness against COVID-19.
[
206
]
In March 2021, the Paraná Pesquisas opinion polling institute found that the vaccines preferred by Brazilians are CoronaVac and the
Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
, chosen by 23.6% and 21.2% of Brazilians interviewed, respectively, against 11.3% of those who would prefer the
Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine
.
[
207
]
During the
pandemic parliamentary inquiry in Brazil
, senators have expressed that anti-China rhetoric has contributed to delaying access to vaccines in Brazil.
[
208
]
Delays in releasing results
On 23 December 2020, researchers in Brazil said the vaccine was more than 50% effective, but withheld full results at Sinovac's request, raising questions about transparency as it was the third delay in releasing results from the trials.
[
209
]
Scientists said the lack of transparency risked damaging CoronaVac's credibility.
[
197
]
Disinformation and influence operations
A 2025 Reuters report found that the Embassy of China in Manila hired a local marketing firm to conduct a covert "
public opinion guidance
" influence operation that included promoting CoronaVac in the country.
[
211
]
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Further reading
Interim recommendations for use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, developed by Sinovac
(PDF)
(Report).
World Health Organization
(WHO). May 2021.
"Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine"
(PDF)
.
World Health Organization
(WHO). April 2021.
"COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated"
(PDF)
. Sinovac. March 2021.
External links
Clinical Research Protocol for CoronaVac Phase III Trials in Brazil
Clinical trial number
NCT04551547
for "Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated Vaccine for Prevention of COVID-19" at
ClinicalTrials.gov
Clinical trial number
NCT04456595
for "Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Sinovac's Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine in Healthcare Professionals (PROFISCOV)" at
ClinicalTrials.gov
Clinical trial number
NCT04651790
for "Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Two Vaccination Schedules of an Inactivated Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Adults (CoronaVac3CL)" at
ClinicalTrials.gov
Corum J, Zimmer C (24 December 2020).
"How the Sinovac Vaccine Works"
.
The New York Times
. |
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## Contents
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- [1 Medical uses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Medical_uses)
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- [1\.1 Effectiveness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Effectiveness)
- [1\.1.1 Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Variants)
- [1\.1.2 In the elderly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#In_the_elderly)
- [1\.2 Specific populations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Specific_populations)
- [2 Manufacturing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Manufacturing)
- [3 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#History)
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- [3\.1 Clinical trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Clinical_trials)
- [3\.1.1 Phase I–II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Phase_I%E2%80%93II)
- [3\.1.2 Phase III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Phase_III)
- [3\.1.3 Children and adolescents trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Children_and_adolescents_trials)
- [3\.1.4 Results of Phase III trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Results_of_Phase_III_trials)
- [3\.1.5 Variability in results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Variability_in_results)
- [3\.1.6 Post phase III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Post_phase_III)
- [3\.1.7 Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Variants_2)
- [3\.2 Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Authorizations)
- [4 Society and culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Society_and_culture)
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- [4\.1 Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Economics)
- [4\.1.1 Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Asia)
- [4\.1.2 Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Africa)
- [4\.1.3 Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Europe)
- [4\.1.4 South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#South_America)
- [4\.1.5 North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#North_America)
- [4\.1.6 Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Oceania)
- [4\.2 Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Controversies)
- [4\.2.1 China state media propaganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#China_state_media_propaganda)
- [4\.2.2 Politicization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Politicization)
- [4\.2.3 Delays in releasing results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Delays_in_releasing_results)
- [4\.2.4 Disinformation and influence operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Disinformation_and_influence_operations)
- [5 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#References)
- [6 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#Further_reading)
- [7 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#External_links)
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# CoronaVac
30 languages
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83 "كورونافاك – Arabic")
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- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Czech")
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- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuna_de_Sinovac_contra_la_COVID-19 "Vacuna de Sinovac contra la COVID-19 – Spanish")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9 "کروناواک – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – French")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Galician")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Indonesian")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Japanese")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%B1_%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B0%B1%EC%8B%A0 "시노백 코로나19 백신 – Korean")
- [ລາວ](https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac_CoronaVac "Sinovac CoronaVac – Lao")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Malay")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Norwegian Bokmål")
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- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavac "Coronavac – Swedish")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81 "โคโรนาแว็ก – Thai")
- [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Tagalog")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA "Коронавак – Ukrainian")
- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Uzbek")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac – Vietnamese")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%85%B4%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97 "科兴疫苗 – Wu")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E4%BE%86%E7%A6%8F "克爾來福 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%88%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E3%80%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E4%BE%86%E7%A6%8F%E3%80%8D2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97 "科興生物「克爾來福」2019冠狀病毒病疫苗 – Chinese")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vaccine against COVID-19
Pharmaceutical compound
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoronaVac.jpg)An empty vial of the CoronaVac vaccine | |
| [Vaccine description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine "Vaccine") | |
| Target | [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") |
| [Vaccine type](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine#Types "Vaccine") | [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") |
| Clinical data | |
| [Trade names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names "Drug nomenclature") | CoronaVac |
| Other names | PiCoVacc |
| [Routes of administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration "Route of administration") | [Intramuscular](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection "Intramuscular injection") |
| [ATC code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System "Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System") | [J07BN03](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_J07 "ATC code J07") ([WHO](https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J07BN03)) |
| Legal status | |
| [Legal status](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods "Regulation of therapeutic goods") | BR : Emergency use[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-2) [Full list of CoronaVac authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations#CoronaVac "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") |
| Identifiers | |
| [CAS Number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number "CAS Registry Number") | [2480309-93-9](https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2480309-93-9)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-3) |
| [DrugBank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrugBank "DrugBank") | [DB15806](https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB15806) |
| [UNII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier "Unique Ingredient Identifier") | [M1QXB372B8](https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/M1QXB372B8) |
| |
|---|
| Part of [a series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic "Category:COVID-19 pandemic") on the |
| [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png "Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each \"ball\" is an atom.") Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. |
| [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") (disease) [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") (virus) [Cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [Deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") 2020 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") 2021 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") 2022 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") |
| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") [By country and territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa") [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") By conveyance [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") |
| International response [Endemic phase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19 "Endemic phase of COVID-19") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Origin of SARS-CoV-2") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country "COVID-19 lockdowns by country") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") [by governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [Fake treatments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [WTO IP waiver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver "TRIPS Agreement waiver") [Undercounting of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") [COVID-19 apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19 "Chinese government response to COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| Medical response [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests "Development of COVID-19 tests") [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [VITT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic") Current vaccines [CoronaVac]() [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Medigen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") [Variants of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") Other variants [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") |
| [Economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") and [recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Arts and culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Shipping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping "2021–2022 global supply chain crisis") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [sportscasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [By sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridiron football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") |
| [Impacts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Neurological and psychological symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Post-exertional malaise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise "Post-exertional malaise") [Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [African diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_African_diaspora "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African diaspora") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers") [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Alzheimer's disease patients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19 "Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Emergency evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") [Female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBTQ community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBTQ_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBTQ community") [Long-term care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Migration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Notable deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") [Other health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates") [Telehealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") [Infected leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 "List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19 portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") |
**CoronaVac**, also known as the **Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine**, was a [whole inactivated virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") vaccine[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-4) developed by [Sinovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac "Sinovac")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hotez-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-6) and extensively deployed globally to control the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"). Its use was highest in low- and middle-income countries.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jin_2022-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Alzate-%C3%81ngel_2024-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Azeem_2025-9) In January 2024, Sinovac confirmed that production of CoronaVac had been discontinued.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-MingPao_article-10)
Clinical trials have demonstrated that a standard two-dose regimen provides moderate efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, ranging from about 50% to 83% depending on population and circulating viral variants, with more robust protection observed against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Although most adverse reactions are mild and serious vaccine-related events are rare, the vaccine’s immune protection against symptomatic infection wanes over time, especially in the context of emerging variants such as [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant"), leading to recommendations for booster doses to sustain immunity and reduce severe outcomes. Overall, CoronaVac’s safety and efficacy profile in preventing severe COVID-19 have contributed to its use in vaccination programs, particularly in regions with limited access to [mRNA vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jin_2022-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Alzate-%C3%81ngel_2024-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Azeem_2025-9)
On 1 June 2021, the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) validated CoronaVac for emergency use.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:26-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_recommendation-12) Sinovac subsequently signed agreements to supply 380 million doses to [COVAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX "COVAX").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-13)
By July 2021, CoronaVac was the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine globally, with about 943 million doses delivered.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:0-14) As of 14 October 2021, it remained the vaccine with the highest number of doses administered worldwide.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nature-waning-immunity-15)
## Medical uses
The vaccine is given by [intramuscular injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection "Intramuscular injection") into the [deltoid muscle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle "Deltoid muscle"). The initial course consists of two doses. The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) recommends an interval of 4 weeks between doses, with data from Chile suggesting that a longer interval provides more robust immunity.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-guidance-16)
Early evidence suggested that immunity wanes rapidly, so a [booster dose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booster_dose "Booster dose") after the initial course might be needed.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-chile-booster-delta-17)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nature-waning-immunity-15)
### Effectiveness
In Brazil, a study was conducted in [Serrana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrana,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo "Serrana, São Paulo"), population 45,000, where authorities attempted to vaccinate the entire adult population with CoronaVac.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-18) After 75% of the adult population received the vaccine, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86% and symptomatic cases by 80%. According to Ricardo Palacios, a director at São Paulo's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan"), "The most important result was understanding that we can control the pandemic even without vaccinating the entire population."[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-20)
In July 2021, researchers from the [Chilean Ministry of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_\(Chile\) "Ministry of Health (Chile)") published a paper containing real-world data for their vaccination campaign. The study was conducted between 2 February and 1 May 2021, consisting of 10.2 million people. The effectiveness of CoronaVac vaccine after the second dose was 66% (95% CI, 65–67%) in preventing symptomatic disease, 88% (87–88%) for hospitalization, 90% (89–91%) for ICU admission, and 86% (85–88%) in preventing COVID-19 related deaths. The effectiveness after the first dose was 16% (95% CI, 14–17%) against symptomatic disease, 37% (35–40%) against hospitalization, 45% (41–48%) against ICU admission, and 46% (41–50%) against deaths. The study concluded that the vaccine was effective in preventing COVID-19.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jara_2021-21)
In May 2021, real-world data from Indonesia showed the vaccine was highly effective, with 94% of inoculated health care workers protected against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, besting results of clinical trials.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:27-22) In this study of 128,290 health workers in Jakarta,[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-23) less than 1% of the vaccinated healthcare workers contracted symptomatic COVID-19, compared to more than 8% among the unvaccinated healthcare workers. The vaccine reduced the risk of hospitalization and death of the inoculated medical workers by 96% and 98% respectively.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-25)
Uruguay released real-world data based on 795,684 people who have received both doses of CoronaVac for more than 14 days as of 1 June 2021. In this group, 8,298 tested positive, 45 were admitted to the ICU, and 35 died of COVID-19. This indicated 64.52% and 61.47% effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 cases for people aged 18–49 and 50 and older respectively. The vaccine was 94.95% and 92.18% effective in reducing ICU admissions, and 95.35% and 95.2% effective to prevent deaths. Among fully-vaccinated healthcare professionals, the vaccine was 66% effective in preventing cases, and 100% effective in preventing ICU admissions and deaths.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-26)
Preliminary results from a test-negative case-control study from 19 January to 13 April 2021 in [Manaus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus "Manaus") suggest that, after just one dose, the vaccine is 35% (95% CI, −7 to 61%) effective against asymptomatic infections and 50% (95% CI, 11–71%) against symptomatic disease. The one-dose group consisted of 53,176 healthcare professionals. During the study, 66% of the samples were of the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant"). The same study found paradoxically reduced effectiveness against symptomatic disease in another group that received two doses, an effect attributed by the authors to unmeasured [confounding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding "Confounding") leading to downward bias in the efficacy estimate.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-27)
In Chile, the effectiveness against symptomatic disease dropped from 67% between February–April 2021 to 58.5% in early July. Because of this, on 11 August, Chile began giving an additional dose of the [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") to people over 55 who were fully vaccinated with CoronaVac before 31 March.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-28)
In October 2021, a large scale study in Chile with 2,017,878 participants reported that, with a CoronaVac booster, effectiveness against hospitalization increased from 84% to 88% and effectiveness against symptomatic disease increased from 56% to 80%. The greatest increases were seen with a heterologous [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") booster, resulting in 96% effectiveness against hospitalization and 93% against symptomatic disease.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-29)
A study by the University of Hong Kong in December 2021 found that a third dose of CoronaVac does not provide sufficient protection against the Omicron variant,[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-30) directly contradicting the vaccine manufacturer's claim[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Sinovac-booster-omicron-31) and a study by the [Pontifical Catholic University of Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile "Pontifical Catholic University of Chile") that it does.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-32)
In April 2022, a Singapore study by infectious diseases experts from the [National Centre for Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_for_Infectious_Diseases "National Centre for Infectious Diseases") and the [Ministry of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_\(Singapore\) "Ministry of Health (Singapore)") found that CoronaVac recipients were 4.59 times more likely to have severe COVID-19 as well as 2.37 times more likely to be infected, compared to those who took the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-34)
#### Variants
In the following tables, a vaccine is generally considered effective if the estimate is ≥50% with a \>30% lower limit of the 95% [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-35) Effectiveness is generally expected to slowly decrease over time.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-36)
| Doses | [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") | [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | Not reported | 16% (15–17%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) |
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 14% (−60 to 55%)[\[A\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-delta-38) | Not reported | |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | Not reported | 27% (25–28%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) | |
| 2 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | Not reported | 54% (53–55%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) |
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 59% (16–82%)[\[A\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-delta-38) | Not reported | |
| Moderate[\[B\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-moderate-40) | 70% (43–96%)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-guangdong-41) | Not reported | |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 100%[\[C\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-no-ci-42)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-guangdong-41) | 73% (72–74%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) | |
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-efficacy-delta_38-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-efficacy-delta_38-1) Efficacy from a study with 366 participants.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-guangzhou-39)
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-moderate_40-0)** Cases with imaging characteristics of pneumonia and also fever and respiratory symptoms.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-guangzhou-39)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-no-ci_42-0)** A [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval") was not provided, so it is not possible to know the accuracy of this measurement.
#### In the elderly
A test-negative case-control study from 17 January to 29 April 2021 in the [state of São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "São Paulo (state)"), during which 86% of the collected genotype isolates were of the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant"), with 43,774 participants aged 70 years or older, found an effectiveness after two doses of 47% (95% CI, 39–54%) against symptomatic disease, 56% (95% CI, 47–63%) against hospitalization and 61% (95% CI, 49–71%) against death. After a single dose, the effectiveness was only 13% (4–21%) against symptomatic disease, 17% (6–27%) against hospitalization and 31% (18–43%) against death, highlighting the importance of receiving the second dose.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-elderly-43) The study also found that effectiveness against symptomatic disease decreased with increasing age:
| [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | Age 70–74 | Age 75–79 | Age ≥80 |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 59% (44–70%) | 56% (43–66%) | 33% (17–46%) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 78% (63–87%) | 67% (52–77%) | 39% (21–53%) |
| Death | 84% (59–94%) | 78% (59–88%) | 44% (20–61%) |
Preliminary data from a large effectiveness study in Brazil with 61 million individuals from 18 January to 30 June 2021, when the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") was dominant in the country, indicate that effectiveness is markedly reduced in those aged 90 or older, attributable to [immunosenescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence "Immunosenescence"):[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37)
| Doses | [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | Age \<60 | Age 60–69 | Age 70–79 | Age 80–89 | Age ≥90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | 14% (12–16%) | 15% (13–18%) | 25% (23–27%) | 2% (−3 to 6%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | −19% (−31 to 9%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 34% (27–40%) | 30% (26–33%) | 33% (30–35%) | 8% (2–14%) | −16% (−31 to 3%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | |
| Death | 42% (26–54%) | 36% (30–41%) | 38% (35–42%) | 10% (3–11%) | −22% (−41 to 6%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | |
| 2 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | 45% (43–46%) | 56% (54–57%) | 62% (61–63%) | 57% (55–60%) | 32% (24–38%) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 84% (81–87%) | 78% (76–80%) | 74% (73–75%) | 63% (60–66%) | 33% (23–41%) | |
| Death | 77% (67–83%) | 79% (77–80%) | 78% (77–80%) | 67% (64–71%) | 35% (24–45%) | |
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-3) The [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval") includes zero, so it is possible that vaccination had no effect.
### Specific populations
On 21 October 2021, the WHO recommended a third dose as part of the initial course for older adults 3–6 months after the second dose and for immunocompromised individuals 1–3 months after the second dose because these groups mount a weaker immune response compared to healthy adults. Where supplies are limited, the third dose for seniors should be given after achieving high coverage with two doses.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-guidance-16)
## Manufacturing
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coronavac_\(Brazilian_version\)_2021_A.jpg)
Brazilian version of CoronaVac, filled and finished by Instituto Butantan
As an [inactivated vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") like the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") and [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin"), CoronaVac uses a more traditional technology[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-bbc._Covi-45)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-tech-46) that is similar to the inactivated [polio vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine "Polio vaccine"). Initially, a sample of [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") from China was used to grow large quantities of the virus using [vero cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero_cell "Vero cell"). From then on, the viruses are soaked in [beta-propiolactone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-propiolactone "Beta-propiolactone"), which deactivates them by binding to their genes, while leaving other viral particles intact. The resulting inactivated viruses are then mixed with the [adjuvant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant "Immunologic adjuvant") [aluminium hydroxide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide "Aluminium hydroxide").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hotez-5)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-47)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the vaccine and raw material for formulating the new doses could be transported and refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nine_flights-49) CoronaVac could remain stable for up to three years in storage, which might offer some advantage in vaccine distribution to regions where [cold chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine#Cold_chain "COVID-19 vaccine") are not developed.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-50)
In November 2020, Brazil's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan") began building a facility to manufacture 100 million doses of CoronaVac a year, with a target completion date in September 2021.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-51) On 10 December, São Paulo Governor João Doria said that in the interim, prior to the local manufacture of CoronaVac, Instituto Butantan aimed to [fill and finish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_and_finish "Fill and finish") 1 million doses of the vaccine per day.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:14-52)
In April 2021, Sinovac said its third manufacturing plant for Coronavac was ready and had started manufacturing bulk vaccine ingredients, doubling its annual capacity to 2 billion doses.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:13-53)
In April 2021, [Bio Farma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_Farma "Bio Farma") of Indonesia had filled and finished 35 million doses of CoronaVac, but was facing some production delays because of diminished supply of bulk delivered CoronaVac from China.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-54)
In May 2021, Malaysian company [Pharmaniaga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaniaga "Pharmaniaga") obtained local approval for its fill and finish CoronaVac.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-55)
In May 2021, Turkey was provided a license to produce CoronaVac.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-56)
In May 2021, Hungary announced an agreement to fill and finish CoronaVac, with the goal to eventually manufacture it locally in a new plant in [Debrecen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrecen "Debrecen").[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hungary_Produce_then_Manufacture-57)
In June 2021, Egypt announced that it would produce about 40 million doses by the end of that year. Distribution of the locally produced vaccine would begin by August and it would be used locally and sent to other African nations.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-58)
## History
### Clinical trials
For broader coverage of this topic, see [COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine").
#### Phase I–II
In April 2020, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 744 participants on adults over the age 18–59, and In May, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 422 participants on elderly adults over the age 60 and above.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-59)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-60) Preliminary results indicate that neutralizing antibodies fell below the seropositive threshold 6 to 8 months after the first two doses, and that a third dose given 6 or more months after the second dose raised neutralizing antibody levels beyond that of an initial course consisting of 3 doses.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-61)
In the [Phase II trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_II "Phases of clinical research") completed in July 2020 published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")*, CoronaVac showed [seroconversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion "Seroconversion") of neutralising antibodies for 109 (92%) of 118 participants in the 3 μg group, 117 (98%) of 119 in the 6 μg group, after the days 0 and 14 schedule; whereas at day 28 after the days 0 and 28 schedule, seroconversion was seen in 114 (97%) of 117 in the 3 μg group, 118 (100%) of 118 in the 6 μg group.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-62) Phase II results for older adults published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")* showed CoronaVac was safe and well tolerated in older adults, with neutralising antibody induced by a 3 μg dose similar to those of a 6 μg dose.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-63)
#### Phase III
It was [phase III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research "Phases of clinical research") clinically trialled in Brazil,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-64) Chile,[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Chile-65) Indonesia,[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-248_volunteers-66) the Philippines,[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-67) and Turkey[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-68) and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine"), another Chinese vaccine, and [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin"), an Indian vaccine.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-tech-46) CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nine_flights-49)
In July 2020, Sinovac began Phase III trials to evaluate efficacy and safety on 9,000 volunteer healthcare professionals in Brazil, collaborating with Butantan Institute.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-69)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-70) On 19 October, [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "São Paulo (state)") Governor [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria") said the first results of the clinical study conducted in Brazil proved that among the vaccines being tested in the country, CoronaVac is the safest, the one with the best and most promising immunization rates.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-71) On 23 October, São Paulo increased the number of volunteers in the trial to 13,000.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-72)
Brazil briefly paused the trials on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming them the next day. The suicide was unrelated to the vaccine trial.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:4-73)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-74)
In August, a trial was started in Chile run by [Pontifical Catholic University of Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile "Pontifical Catholic University of Chile") which was expected to include 3,000 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Chile-65)
In August, Sinovac began trials in Indonesia with [Bio Farma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_Farma "Bio Farma") in [Bandung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung "Bandung") involving 1,620 volunteers.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-248_volunteers-66)
In September, Turkey began trials with 13,000 volunteers on a two-dose 14-day interval.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-75) The monitoring process took place at 25 centers in 12 cities across the country.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:3-76)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Covid_vaccine_clinical_trial_with_Ridwan_kamil.jpg)
The Governor of [West Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Java "West Java") [Ridwan Kamil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridwan_Kamil "Ridwan Kamil") participating in phase 3 trial of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia.
In October, Sinovac began trials in China involving 1,040 volunteers.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-77)
In April 2021, Sinovac began Phase II/III trials for the elderly aged 60–80 in the Philippines involving 352 volunteers.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-78)
#### Children and adolescents trials
In September 2020, Sinovac began Phase I–II trials in China on children and adolescents ages 3–17.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-79) In May 2021, Sinovac began Phase IIb trials in China with 500 participants for children and adolescents 3–17 years old.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-80) In June 2021, it was announced that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic in this age group.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-81)
In July, Sinovac began Phase III trials in Chile with 14,000 participants for children and adolescents and expand from 6 months to 17 years old.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-82)
#### Results of Phase III trials
Peer-reviewed Phase III results from Turkey showed an efficacy of 83\.5% (95% CI, 65\.4–92\.1%). The final efficacy rate was based on 41 infections, 32 of which had received a placebo. The vaccine prevented hospitalization and severe illness in 100% of cases, with all six people who were hospitalized in the placebo group. The final results were based on 10,218 participants in the trials.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-S0140-6736\(21\)01429-X-83)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
Phase III results from Brazil submitted to Lancet showed 50.7% efficacy at preventing symptomatic infections, 83.7% effective in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of 21 days or more between the doses. A total of 12,396 volunteers participated in the study between 21 July and 16 December 2020. All participants received at least one dose of the vaccine or placebo. Of this total, 9,823 participants received both doses.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:10-84) Further detail published by Sinovac showed an efficacy 50\.65% (95% CI, 35\.66–62\.15%) against all symptomatic cases, 83\.70% (57\.99–93\.67%) against cases that require medical treatment, and 100\.00% (56\.37–100\.00%) against severe, hospitalized and fatal cases. In the placebo group (N=4870), there were 168 COVID cases, 30 cases requiring medical attention, and 10 severe cases including one death. In the vaccine group (N=4953), there were 85 COVID cases, 5 cases requiring medical attention, and no severe cases or deaths.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-85)
On 1 April 2021, a preliminary report[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-86) from a [phase III clinical trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research "Phases of clinical research") in Chile[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-87) revealed that CoronaVac is safe and induces [humoral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity "Humoral immunity") and [cell-mediated immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity "Cell-mediated immunity") in adults (18–59 years old) and the elderly (60 years or older) similar to previous phase II trials conducted in China with the same age groups and immunization schedule consisting of two doses with a 14-day interval. The side effects were mild and local, mainly limited to pain at the injection site, which was more common in adults. [Seroconversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion "Seroconversion") rates for adults 14–28 days after the second dose were 95.6% for the [IgG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G "Immunoglobulin G") specific against the S1-RBD ([receptor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor "Cell surface receptor") [binding domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_domain "Binding domain") of the S1 [subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_subunit "Protein subunit") of the [spike protein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein "Coronavirus spike protein")) and 96% for [neutralizing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizing_antibody "Neutralizing antibody") anti-S1-RBD IgG. For the elderly, seroconversion rates were 100% 14 days and 87.5% 28 days after the second dose for the S1-RBD specific IgG, 90% 14 days, and 100% 28 days after the second dose for neutralizing anti-S1-RBD IgG. As found in [studies in animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_development#Animal_testing "Preclinical development"), seroconversion rates for IgG specific against the N ([nucleocapsid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid "Capsid")) [protein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein "Nucleoprotein") were weak for both groups, although CoronaVac contains significant amounts of the N protein. A robust increase of [T helper cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_helper_cells "T helper cells") (CD4\+) secreting [interferon gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma "Interferon gamma") was detected 14 days after both doses in response to stimulation with peptides of the S protein and of other viral particles, but the response to S protein peptides was reduced in the elderly due to a natural reduction of activated CD4\+ T cells in this age group, as found in studies of other vaccines. The immune response of [cytotoxic T cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell "Cytotoxic T cell") (CD8\+) was not as robust. The observed CD4\+ T cell response is considered a balanced immune response capable of viral clearance and is similar to that observed in other COVID-19 vaccines, such as [BNT162b1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine#Vaccine_technology "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") and [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia").
Phase III results from Turkey, published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")*, showed an efficacy of 84% based on 10,218 participants in the trials.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-S0140-6736\(21\)01429-X-83)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48) Phase III results from Brazil previously showed 50.7% efficacy in preventing symptomatic infections and 83.7% effectiveness in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of at least 21 days between the doses.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:10-84)
#### Variability in results
In early January 2021, Brazilian health officials announced that the vaccine had an efficacy of 78%. One week later, they revised this figure to 50.4%, stating that the revised figure now included "very mild" cases of COVID-19 among trial participants which were omitted in the earlier analysis.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bloomberg-2021-01-12-88)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) Ricardo Palácios, medical director of Brazil's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan"), said Sinovac's relatively low efficacy rate of 50% was due to more rigorous standards for what counted as an infection among trial participants.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Fortune-2020-01-13-90) The Institute split cases in six categories: asymptomatic, very mild, mild, two levels of moderate, and severe; the first two didn't require medical assistance.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bloomberg-2021-01-12-88)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) Possible explanations for lower efficacy rate included: trial was largely made up of frontline health care workers who were more exposed to the virus;[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) two vaccine doses were given at shorter intervals (2 weeks);[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-91) counting very mild cases;[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Nature-2021-05-21-92) and the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") (lineage P.1), more transmissible and perhaps evaded immunity better, was circulating.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Nature-2021-05-21-92)
According to Instituto Butantan director Dimas Covas, the Brazilian group was considered more vulnerable to infection and exposure to higher viral loads. In Turkish and Indonesian Phase III trials, the composition of volunteers was similar to that of the general population.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-93)
#### Post phase III
A real-world study of tens of millions of Chileans who received CoronaVac found it to be 66% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 88% effective against hospitalization, 90% effective against ICU admissions, and 86% effective against deaths.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jara_2021-21) In Brazil, after 75% of the population in [Serrana, São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrana,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo "Serrana, São Paulo"), received CoronaVac, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86%, and symptomatic cases by 80%.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-94)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-95) In Indonesia, real-world data from 128,290 healthcare workers showed 94% protection against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, beating results in clinical trials.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:27-22)
#### Variants
On 10 March, [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan") Director Dimas Covas said CoronaVac was efficacious against three variants of COVID-19 in the country; [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") (lineage B.1.1.7), [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") (lineage B.1.351), and lineage B.1.1.28 (identified in Brazil), from which [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") and Zeta (lineages P.1 and P.2) descend.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:19-96)
Preliminary results from a large study of health care workers suggest one dose of CoronaVac is still about 50% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 in Manaus. In April 2021, it was reported that over 75% of new cases were being caused by the highly transmissible Gamma variant.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-97)
In June, Thailand's Public Health Ministry stated the vaccine had 71%-91% efficacy against infection by the [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") strain.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-98)
In June 2021, [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters") reported that more than 350 Indonesian doctors and medical workers out of 5,000 in [Kudus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudus,_Indonesia "Kudus, Indonesia") contracted the [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") strain despite being vaccinated with the CoronaVac, an infection rate of 7%. In response, [Griffith University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_University "Griffith University") epidemiologist Dicky Budiman questioned the efficacy of CoronaVac against the variant but overall still recommended that people take the vaccine, expressing "confidence that to a certain degree Sinovac has effectiveness against the new variant". He stated that the situation was due to various factors, including a "lack of proper protective gear and the overall situation in Indonesia".[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-99) The vast majority of those infected were protected from severe symptoms and recovered without hospitalization.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-100)
A Hong Kong 2022 study of the BA.2 [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") comparing CoronaVac with [BNT162b2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") (Pfizer) found effectiveness of 32.4% and 41.4% (respectively) in preventing infections with two doses, and 41.6% versus 50.9% (respectively) in preventing infections with three doses.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-pmid36521506-101) Another Hong Kong study of the BA.2 Omicron variant comparing CoronaVac with BNT162b2 for adults over age 60 found effectiveness of 69.9% versus 89.3% (respectively) in preventing severe disease or death with two doses, and 97.9% for both vaccines with three doses.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-pmid35850128-102)
### Authorizations
See also: [List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations § CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations#CoronaVac "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations")
The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) validated the Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use on 1 June 2021.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_PR_20210601-103)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_recommendation-12) The recommendation was given with limited evidence at the time of approval for groups other than healthy adults. The WHO [Strategic Advisory Group of Experts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Advisory_Group_of_Experts "Strategic Advisory Group of Experts") expressed high level of confidence in the efficacy of the vaccine for adults, moderate confidence in the efficacy for older adults and individuals with comorbidities, moderate confidence in its safety for adults and low confidence in its safety for the elderly and individuals with comorbidities.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
In late August 2020, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use to vaccinate high-risk groups such as medical staff.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-104) In early February, China approved CoronaVac for general use.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:9-105) On 5 June 2021, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use with children and adolescents for 3–17 years old.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
In January 2021, Bolivia authorized use of CoronaVac.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bolivia-106)
In April, Panama approved emergency use of Coronavac.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reuters_2021-04-09-107)
On 4 May, the EMA's human medicines committee (CHMP) started a rolling review of CoronaVac.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-108)
In June, Bangladesh approved Coronavac for emergency use.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-109)
## Society and culture
### Economics
As of 7 July 2021, CoronaVac is the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine in the world, with 943 million doses delivered globally.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:0-14) In July, Sinovac signed advanced purchase agreements with [GAVI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI "GAVI") to supply [COVAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX "COVAX") with 50 million doses in the third quarter of 2021 and up to a total of 380 million doses by the first half of 2022.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-110)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-111)
#### Asia
In January, Azerbaijan launched its vaccination campaign with CoronaVac.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:7-112) It purchased 4 million doses from Turkey and 5 million doses from China.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-113)
In May, Armenia received 100,000 doses from China.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-114)
In February, Cambodia approved Coronavac for emergency use[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-115) and started vaccinations in March.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-116) By July, the country had received 10.5 million doses.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-117)
In October, Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to distribute CoronaVac to 7,000 healthcare workers, after conducting Phase III trials with the [Saudi Arabian National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_National_Guard "Saudi Arabian National Guard").[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-118)
In November, Turkey signed a contract to buy 50 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-119) Turkey approved emergency use on 13 January[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reut_Turk-120) and President [Recep Tayyip Erdoğan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan") received his first dose at Ankara City Hospital.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-121) In February, Turkey signed a deal for another 50 million doses for a total of 100 million doses.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:12-122) By March 10.7 million doses had been administered, and 852 of the 1.3 million people who had received both doses were later diagnosed with the disease. 53 were hospitalized, but none of those hospitalized were intubated or died.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-123)
In December, Hong Kong ordered 7.5 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-124) The vaccination campaign with CoronaVac began on 26 February.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-125)
By December 2020, Indonesia had signed agreements for 140 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-126) Indonesia approved emergency use authorization on 11 January[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:5-127) and President [Joko Widodo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joko_Widodo "Joko Widodo") received the first shot of the vaccine.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-apne_Indo-128) By June, Indonesia had received 118.7 million bulk doses.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-129)
In January, Malaysia ordered 12 million doses[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Choong_2021-130) which was approved for emergency use in March.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-131) Science, Technology and Innovation Minister [Khairy Jamaluddin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khairy_Jamaluddin "Khairy Jamaluddin") received the first dose as part of the vaccination campaign.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-132)
In March, Kazakhstan ordered 3 million doses,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-133) of which 500,000 doses arrived in June and has been approved for use by the Ministry of Health.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-134)
In May, Oman received its first batch of the vaccine.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-135)
In April, Pakistan granted emergency use authorization for CoronaVac[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Pakistan-136) and received 14.5 million doses by July.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-137)
In January, the Philippines announced the country had secured 25 million doses.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-138) The vaccine was approved on 22 February but not for all health workers as it had lower efficacy when used with health workers compared to healthy individuals aged 18–59. The first 600,000 doses of CoronaVac arrived on 28 February,[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-139) and the country had received 7.5 million doses by June.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-140)
Singapore signed advance purchase agreements for CoronaVac.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-141) In February, the first doses arrived[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-142) and in June it was approved for use under the Special Access Route.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-143)
In May, Tajikistan's Ministry of Health announced it would receive 150,000 doses.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-144)
In February, Thailand approved emergency use[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-145) and started its vaccination program on 27 February.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:15-146) As of June, Thailand had received 10.5 million doses.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-147)
In May 2021, Georgia began vaccinations with CoronaVac,[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-148) for which it received 1 million doses by July.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-149)
In May 2021, Turkmenistan received a delivery of CoronaVac.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-150)
In May 2021, AKIPress reported Uzbekistan plans to use CoronaVac.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-151)
In October 2021, Singapore included CoronaVac in its National Vaccination Programme for people aged 18 and over who are ineligible for [mRNA vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") due to allergies or serious adverse reactions after the first dose.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-152)
#### Africa
In March, Benin received 203,000 doses of CoronaVac[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-153) and started vaccinations on 29 March prioritizing healthcare workers, people over 60, and those with co-morbidities.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ayosso-154)
In April, Botswana received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac as a donation and purchased an additional 200,000 doses[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-155) to be used in the vaccination program.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-156)
In March, Djibouti received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-157)
In April, Egypt approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-158)
In April, Guinea received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac which it had purchased.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-159)
In April, Libya received 150,000 doses of CoronaVac from Turkey.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-160)
In April, Somalia received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-161)
In July, South Africa approved CoronaVac for emergency use, and was expected to receive 2.5 million doses shortly.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-162)
In April, Togo received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-163)
In March, Tunisia's Ministry of Health approved marketing authorization for CoronaVac[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Tunisia-164) and the first 200,000 doses arrived on 25 March.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-165)
In March, Zimbabwe approved emergency use[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-166) and the first 1 million doses arrived on 30 March.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-167)
#### Europe
In March, Albania launched its vaccination campaign using mainly CoronaVac,[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:21-168) a week after securing 1 million doses from Turkey.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-169)
By June, Northern Cyprus received 190,000 doses donated by Turkey.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:28-170)
In March, Bosnia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-171)
In June, North Macedonia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:28-170) and another 500,000 doses it purchased.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-172)
In March, Ukraine granted approval for use of CoronaVac. Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Company Lekhim has an agreement to deliver 5 million doses.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ukraine-173) 1.7 million doses had been delivered by June.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-174)
In April, Moldova purchased 400,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-175)
#### South America
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chegada_do_quarto_lote_com_5,5_milh%C3%B5es_de_doses_da_Vacina_do_Butantan_\(50753419378\).jpg)
São Paulo State Secretary of Health Jean Gorinchteyn (left) and Instituto Butantan chairman Dimas Covas (right) holding single-dose prefilled syringes of CoronaVac, part of the fourth shipment of Sinovac-manufactured vaccine to arrive in Brazil
In Brazil, São Paulo governor [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria") signed a \$90 million contract with Sinovac in September to receive the initial 46 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-176) The price for CoronaVac was announced to be US\$10.3 (about R\$59).[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-177) In January, Brazil announced it would obtain 100 million total doses.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-178) On 17 January, Brazil's health regulatory agency [Anvisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvisa "Anvisa") approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Covid-Vaccine-179) In early February, Brazil said it intends to buy an additional 30 million doses on top of existing 100 million doses.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:22-180) A total of 39.7 million doses had been delivered by early April.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-181)
In October, Chile signed an agreement to purchase 20 million doses of CoronaVac[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-182) which was approved for emergency use on 20 January.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-183) By early March, the country had received 10 million doses of CoronaVac and had vaccinated 4.1 million people.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-184)
In February, Colombia had purchased 5 million doses and was in talks for an additional 5 million doses,[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-185) which had been approved for emergency use on 5 February.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-186)
In February, Ecuador signed a deal for 2 million doses which was approved for emergency use,[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ecuador-187) with the first 1 million doses arrived in early April.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-188)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-189)
In March, Paraguay received a donation of 20,000 doses from Chile.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:8-190) Paraguay began vaccinations with CoronaVac on 10 March.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Paraguay-191)
In January, Uruguay purchased 1.75 million doses,[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-192) of which the first 192,000 doses arrived on 25 February and vaccinations started on 1 March.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:16-193)
#### North America
By June 2021, Dominican Republic had received 7.8 million doses[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-194) of an order for 10 million doses.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:17-195)
In March 2021, El Salvador received 1 million doses of a total 2 million dose order for CoronaVac. The immunization campaign was initially focused on teachers, health professionals, firefighters, police, and military personnel. The first doses were provided to public school teachers beginning on March 30, with rollout expanding to private school teachers shortly after. Vaccination of the general public was planned for April 15, after the vaccination of the priority groups.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:20-196)
In February 2021, Mexico approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-197) The country had ordered 20 million doses by March 2021,[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-198) of which 7 million had been received by May.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-199)
#### Oceania
In March, Fiji said it would be receiving a donation of CoronaVac.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Fiji-200)
### Controversies
#### China state media propaganda
In January 2021, as part of a [misinformation campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China"), multiple Chinese state and CCP-affiliated media outlets, including CGTN and the *[Global Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Times "Global Times"),* have touted CoronaVac and Chinese vaccines as "relatively safer due to their mature technology". Pushing back against concerns of CoronaVac efficacy over the lack of transparency over releasing test results, China state media have raised doubts about the efficacy of the [Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine"), calling for an investigation into the deaths of elderly people in Norway and Germany after receiving the vaccine. According to Reuters, the reports made allegations of "deliberately downplaying the deaths" and "using propaganda power to promote the Pfizer vaccine and smearing Chinese vaccines".[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-wsj._Chin-201)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-202)
According to a *Ming Pao* report published on 21 March 2022, of the 1,486 who died of COVID-19 after receiving at least one dose, 1,292 of them or 87%—had gotten the Sinovac vaccine.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-203) The Centre for Health Protection's Chuang Shuk-kwan said that the *Ming Pao* report was inaccurate and has defended CorovaVac, saying "The issue is not about which jab offers more protection. The most important thing is whether you get vaccinated."[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-204) Earlier in February 2022, health authorities refused to disclose data on which COVID-19 vaccine had been taken by Omicron patients, claiming the information "was not readily available."[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-205) Hong Kong government data showed CoronaVac to be the preferred vaccine among those aged 70 and over, in part because some elderly care homes only offer this vaccine. However, CoronaVac's limited effectiveness compared to the BioNTech vaccine, along with the zero-COVID strategy, have been regarded as factors behind Hong Kong's spiking cases as of March 2022.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-hongkongfp.com-206)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-207)
#### Politicization
CoronaVac has been championed by the governor of [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo "São Paulo"), [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria").[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-theg_Jair-208) A political showdown began in October 2020, when Bolsonaro vetoed a deal between the Brazilian health ministry and the São Paulo government for the purchase of 46 million doses of the vaccine.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-scmp_Chin-209) After Instituto Butantan announced CoronaVac's efficacy rate, Bolsonaro mocked the vaccine's effectiveness against COVID-19.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-www1_-210)
In March 2021, the Paraná Pesquisas opinion polling institute found that the vaccines preferred by Brazilians are CoronaVac and the [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine"), chosen by 23.6% and 21.2% of Brazilians interviewed, respectively, against 11.3% of those who would prefer the [Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine").[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-211) During the [pandemic parliamentary inquiry in Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_CPI "COVID-19 CPI"), senators have expressed that anti-China rhetoric has contributed to delaying access to vaccines in Brazil.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-212)
#### Delays in releasing results
On 23 December 2020, researchers in Brazil said the vaccine was more than 50% effective, but withheld full results at Sinovac's request, raising questions about transparency as it was the third delay in releasing results from the trials.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reut_Braz-213) Scientists said the lack of transparency risked damaging CoronaVac's credibility.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-wsj._Chin-201)
#### Disinformation and influence operations
This paragraph is an excerpt from [ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChinaAngVirus_disinformation_campaign "ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ChinaAngVirus_disinformation_campaign&action=edit)\]
The \#ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign (transl. \#ChinaIsTheVirus) was a covert [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet "Internet") [anti-vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") propaganda and disinformation campaign conducted by the [United States Department of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense "United States Department of Defense") at the height of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") from the spring of 2020 to the spring of 2021, to dissuade [Filipino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines "Philippines"), [Central Asian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia "Central Asia"), and [Middle Eastern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East "Middle East") citizens from receiving [Sinovac Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac_Biotech "Sinovac Biotech")'s CoronaVac vaccine and from using other Chinese COVID-19 medical supplies.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-ChinaAngVirus_disinformation_campaign_Holman-214) The propaganda campaign used at least 300 fake accounts on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"), [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram"), and other [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") websites meant to look like local internet users.
A 2025 Reuters report found that the Embassy of China in Manila hired a local marketing firm to conduct a covert "[public opinion guidance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_opinion_guidance "Public opinion guidance")" influence operation that included promoting CoronaVac in the country.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-McPherson_2025-215)
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## Further reading
- [Interim recommendations for use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, developed by Sinovac](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341454/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE-recommendation-Sinovac-CoronaVac-2021.1-eng.pdf) (PDF) (Report). [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO). May 2021.
- ["Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine"](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2021/april/5_sage29apr2021_critical-evidence_sinovac.pdf) (PDF). [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO). April 2021.
- ["COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated"](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2021/april/4_sage29apr2021_sinovac.pdf) (PDF). Sinovac. March 2021.
## External links
- [Clinical Research Protocol for CoronaVac Phase III Trials in Brazil](https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13063-020-04775-4/MediaObjects/13063_2020_4775_MOESM1_ESM.pdf)
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04551547](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04551547)* for "Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated Vaccine for Prevention of COVID-19" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04456595](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04456595)* for "Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Sinovac's Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine in Healthcare Professionals (PROFISCOV)" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04651790](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04651790)* for "Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Two Vaccination Schedules of an Inactivated Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Adults (CoronaVac3CL)" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Corum J, Zimmer C (24 December 2020). ["How the Sinovac Vaccine Works"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/health/sinovac-covid-19-vaccine.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Vaccines "Template:Vaccines") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Vaccines "Template talk:Vaccines") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaccines "Special:EditPage/Template:Vaccines")[Artificial induction of immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity "Artificial induction of immunity") / [Immunization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization "Immunization"): [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine "Vaccine"), [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination "Vaccination"), [Infection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection "Infection"), [Inoculation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation "Inoculation") ([J07](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_J07 "ATC code J07")) | |
|---|---|
| Development | [Adjuvants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant "Immunologic adjuvant") [Vaccine ingredients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_ingredients "Vaccine ingredients") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_excipients "List of vaccine excipients") [Mathematical modelling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases "Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases") [Storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_storage "Vaccine storage") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_vaccines "Timeline of human vaccines") [Trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_trial "Vaccine trial") |
| Classes | [Conjugate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_vaccine "Conjugate vaccine") [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") Live [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") [Heterologous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterologous_vaccine "Heterologous vaccine") [Subunit/component](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") / [Peptide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_vaccine "Peptide vaccine") / [Virus-like particle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") / [Synthetic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_vaccine "Synthetic vaccine") [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") / [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") [Therapeutic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_vaccines "Therapeutic vaccines") [Toxoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoid "Toxoid") |
| Administration | Global: [GAVI Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI "GAVI") [NITAG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Immunization_Technical_Advisory_Group "National Immunization Technical Advisory Group") [SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Advisory_Group_of_Experts "Strategic Advisory Group of Experts") [Vaccine wastage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_wastage "Vaccine wastage") [Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy "Vaccination policy") [Schedule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_schedule "Vaccination schedule") [Vaccine injury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_adverse_event "Vaccine adverse event") US: [ACIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices") [Vaccine court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Program "National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program") [Vaccines for Children Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_for_Children_Program "Vaccines for Children Program") [VAERS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Adverse_Event_Reporting_System "Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System") [VSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Safety_Datalink "Vaccine Safety Datalink") |
| Vaccines | |
| | |
| Bacterial | [Anthrax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine "Anthrax vaccine") [Brucellosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis_vaccine "Brucellosis vaccine") [Cholera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_vaccine "Cholera vaccine")\# [Diphtheria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine "Diphtheria vaccine")\# [Hib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccine "Hib vaccine")\# [Leptospirosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis#Prevention "Leptospirosis") [Lyme disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease#Vaccination "Lyme disease")‡ [Meningococcus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine "Meningococcal vaccine")\# [MeNZB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeNZB "MeNZB") [NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 "NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135") [Pertussis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine "Pertussis vaccine")\# [Plague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_vaccine "Plague vaccine") [Pneumococcal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine "Pneumococcal vaccine")\# [PCV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine "Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine") [PPSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine "Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine") [Q fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_fever#Prevention "Q fever") [Tetanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine "Tetanus vaccine")\# [Tuberculosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis_vaccines "Tuberculosis vaccines") [BCG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCG_vaccine "BCG vaccine")\# [Typhoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_vaccine "Typhoid vaccine")\# [Ty21a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty21a "Ty21a") [ViCPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine "Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine") [Typhus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus_vaccine "Typhus vaccine") combination: [DPT/DTwP/DTaP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccine "DPT vaccine") [Td/Tdap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine "Tetanus vaccine") research: [Clostridioides difficile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection#Research "Clostridioides difficile infection") [Group B streptococcal disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_B_streptococcal_infection#Vaccine "Group B streptococcal infection") [Shigellosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosis#Vaccine "Shigellosis") |
| Viral | [Adenovirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus_vaccine "Adenovirus vaccine") [Chikungunya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya_vaccine "Chikungunya vaccine") [Ebola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_vaccine "Ebola vaccine") [rVSV-ZEBOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine "RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine") [Flu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccine "Influenza vaccine")\# [H1N1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine "2009 swine flu pandemic vaccine") ([Pandemrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemrix "Pandemrix")) [H5N1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5N1_vaccine "H5N1 vaccine") [H5N8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5N8_vaccine "H5N8 vaccine") [LAIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine "Live attenuated influenza vaccine") [Hantavirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_vaccine "Hantavirus vaccine") [Hepatitis A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine "Hepatitis A vaccine")\# [Hepatitis B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine "Hepatitis B vaccine")\# [Hepatitis E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E#Vaccines "Hepatitis E") [HPV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccine "HPV vaccine")\# [Cervarix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervarix "Cervarix") [Gardasil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardasil "Gardasil") [Japanese encephalitis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis_vaccine "Japanese encephalitis vaccine")\# [Measles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_vaccine "Measles vaccine")\# [Mpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpox_vaccine "Mpox vaccine") [Mumps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps_vaccine "Mumps vaccine")\# [Polio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine "Polio vaccine")\# [Sabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Attenuated "Polio vaccine") [Salk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Inactivated "Polio vaccine") [Rabies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_vaccine "Rabies vaccine")\# [Rotavirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine "Rotavirus vaccine")\# [Rubella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella_vaccine "Rubella vaccine")\# [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax")† [Bharat Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin")† [CanSino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia")† [CoronaVac]()† [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona")† [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Kostaive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapomeran "Zapomeran") [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine")† [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine")† [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione")† [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine")† [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine")† [Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine "Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine") [Smallpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine "Smallpox vaccine") [Tick-borne encephalitis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_vaccine "Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine")\# Varicella zoster [Chicken pox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine "Varicella vaccine")\# [Shingles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoster_vaccine "Zoster vaccine") [Yellow fever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine "Yellow fever vaccine")\# combination: [Hepatitis A and B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine "Hepatitis A and B vaccine") [Influenza and COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_and_COVID-19_vaccine "Influenza and COVID-19 vaccine") [MMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine "MMR vaccine") [MMRV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMRV_vaccine "MMRV vaccine") research: [Cytomegalovirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_vaccine "Cytomegalovirus vaccine") [Dengue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_vaccine "Dengue vaccine")\# [Epstein–Barr virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus_vaccine "Epstein–Barr virus vaccine") [Hepatitis C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_vaccine "Hepatitis C vaccine") [Herpes simplex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research "Herpes simplex research") [HIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_vaccine_development "HIV vaccine development") [Zika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus_vaccine "Zika virus vaccine") |
| Protozoan | [Malaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_vaccine "Malaria vaccine") [RTS,S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTS,S "RTS,S") research: [Trypanosomiasis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypanosomiasis_vaccine "Trypanosomiasis vaccine") |
| [Helminthiasis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthiasis "Helminthiasis") | research: [Hookworm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookworm_vaccine "Hookworm vaccine") [Schistosomiasis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis_vaccine "Schistosomiasis vaccine") |
| Other | [Androvax (androstenedione albumin)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androvax "Androvax") [Cancer vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_vaccine "Cancer vaccine") [ALVAC-CEA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALVAC-CEA_vaccine "ALVAC-CEA vaccine") [BCG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCG_vaccine "BCG vaccine")\# [Hepatitis B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine "Hepatitis B vaccine")\# [HPV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccine "HPV vaccine")\# [Cervarix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervarix "Cervarix") [Gardasil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardasil "Gardasil") [Prostvac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostvac "Prostvac") [NicVAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NicVAX "NicVAX") [Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovandrotone_albumin "Ovandrotone albumin") [TA-CD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TA-CD "TA-CD") [TA-NIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TA-NIC "TA-NIC") combination: [DTaP-IPV/Hib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTaP-IPV/Hib_vaccine "DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine") [DTaP-IPV-HepB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTaP-IPV-HepB_vaccine "DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine") [DTwP-HepB-Hib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTwP-HepB-Hib_vaccine "DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine") [Hexavalent vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexavalent_vaccine "Hexavalent vaccine") |
| Inventors/ researchers | [Edward Jenner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner "Edward Jenner") [Louis Pasteur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur "Louis Pasteur") [Hilary Koprowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Koprowski "Hilary Koprowski") [Jonas Salk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk "Jonas Salk") [John Franklin Enders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders "John Franklin Enders") [Maurice Hilleman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman "Maurice Hilleman") [Stanley Plotkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Plotkin "Stanley Plotkin") [H. Fred Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Fred_Clark "H. Fred Clark") [Paul Offit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Offit "Paul Offit") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") |
| Controversy | [General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy "Vaccine hesitancy") [MMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism "MMR vaccine and autism") ([*Lancet* MMR autism fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud "Lancet MMR autism fraud")) [NCVIA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act "National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act") [Pox party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pox_party "Pox party") [Thiomersal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines "Thiomersal and vaccines") [Vaccines and SIDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_and_SIDS "Vaccines and SIDS") *[Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services")* [Alternative vaccination schedule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_vaccination_schedule "Alternative vaccination schedule") [2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Simpsonwood_CDC_conference "2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference") |
| Related | [Epidemiology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology "Epidemiology") [Eradication of infectious diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases "Eradication of infectious diseases") [Vaccinate Your Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinate_Your_Family "Vaccinate Your Family") [List of vaccine topics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics "List of vaccine topics") |
| \#[WHO-EM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines") ‡[Withdrawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs "List of withdrawn drugs") from market [Clinical trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial "Clinical trial"): †[Phase III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III "Phases of clinical research") §Never to phase III | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Template:COVID-19 pandemic") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic")[COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") | |
|---|---|
| **[COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19")** (disease) **[SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2")** (virus) | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| [Pre-pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS "SARS") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS "MERS") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Disease X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_X "Disease X") [Exercise Cygnus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus "Exercise Cygnus") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") |
| 2020 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") |
| 2021 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") |
| 2022 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") |
| 2023 | [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") |
| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") | |
| | |
| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")([national responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")) | |
| | |
| Northern | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya "COVID-19 pandemic in Libya") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia "COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia") [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic") |
| Eastern | [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi "COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea "COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia "COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya "COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar "COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda "COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles "COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia "COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia") [Puntland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland "COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland") [Somaliland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland "COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda "COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda") |
| Southern | [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola "COVID-19 pandemic in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana "COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho "COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi "COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique "COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia "COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") [list of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa "List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia "COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe") |
| Central | [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad "COVID-19 pandemic in Chad") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon "COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe "COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe") |
| Western | [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea") [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana "COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana") timeline 2020 [March–July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(March%E2%80%93July_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)") [August–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(August%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") impact [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast "COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia "COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali "COVID-19 pandemic in Mali") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger "COVID-19 pandemic in Niger") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal "COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone "COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo "COVID-19 pandemic in Togo") |
| [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") | |
| | |
| Central/North | [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") impact [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan") |
| East | |
| | |
| [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau "COVID-19 pandemic in Macau") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan") [respirator diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") | |
| [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") | [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China "COVID-19 lockdown in China") [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China (page does not exist)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing "COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics") [Heilongjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang") [Henan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan "COVID-19 pandemic in Henan") [Hubei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei "COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei") [Inner Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia") [Liaoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning "COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning") [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai "COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai") [2022 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak "2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak") [Sichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan") [Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet "COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet") [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang") |
| [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") | |
| | |
| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives "COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal "COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka") | |
| [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "COVID-19 pandemic in India") | |
| | |
| [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India "COVID-19 lockdown in India") [migrant workers' crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") timeline 2020 [January–May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(January%E2%80%93May_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)") [June–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(June%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)") [union government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") [state government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Vaccine Maitri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri "Vaccine Maitri") | |
| By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands") [Andhra Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh") [Arunachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh") [Assam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam "COVID-19 pandemic in Assam") [Bihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar "COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar") [Chandigarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh") [Chhattisgarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu "COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu") [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi "COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi") [Goa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa "COVID-19 pandemic in Goa") [Gujarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat "COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat") [Haryana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana "COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana") [Himachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh") [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir") [Jharkhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand") [Karnataka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka "COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka") [Kerala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [Ladakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh "COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh") [Lakshadweep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep "COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep") [Madhya Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh") [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra "COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra") [Manipur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur "COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur") [Meghalaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya "COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya") [Mizoram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram "COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram") [Nagaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland "COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland") [Odisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha "COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha") [Puducherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry "COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry") [Punjab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India "COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India") [Rajasthan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan "COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan") [Sikkim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim "COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim") [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu") [Telangana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana "COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana") [Tripura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura "COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura") [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh") [Uttarakhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand") [West Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal "COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal") |
| [Southeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia") | |
| | |
| [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei "COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia "COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia") timeline [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)") [social restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions "Indonesia large-scale social restrictions") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement "Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos "COVID-19 pandemic in Laos") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar "COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)") [circuit breaker response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures "2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste "COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") | impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Aid and relief efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [movement control order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order "Malaysian movement control order") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [Johor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor "COVID-19 pandemic in Johor") [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur") [Sabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah "COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak "COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak") [Selangor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor "COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor") |
| [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [community quarantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon "Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Bangsamoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro") [Bicol Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region") [Cagayan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley "COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley") [Calabarzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon") [Caraga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga "COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga") [Central Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon") [Central Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas") [Cordillera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region") [Davao Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region") [Eastern Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas") [Ilocos Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region") [Metro Manila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila "COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila") [Mimaropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa "COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa") [Northern Mindanao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao") [Soccsksargen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen "COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen") [Western Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula "COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula") [Overseas Filipinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| West | [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain "COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(country\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)") [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia "COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia") [South Ossetia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran "COVID-19 pandemic in Iran") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq "COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq") [Kurdistan Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel "COVID-19 pandemic in Israel") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan "COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon "COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman "COVID-19 pandemic in Oman") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine "COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar "COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria "COVID-19 pandemic in Syria") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen "COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen") |
| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") | |
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| [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") | |
| | |
| [history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)") [January–June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)") [July–December 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)") [January–June 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)") [July–December 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") [Operation Rescript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rescript "Operation Rescript") [contracts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom "Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom") impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") | |
| By location | [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England "COVID-19 pandemic in England") timeline 2020 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London "COVID-19 pandemic in London") [local lockdown regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England "COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England") [first tier regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England "First COVID-19 tier regulations in England") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland "COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in Wales") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies "COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man "COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey "COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey") [Overseas territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia "COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar "COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar") |
| Eastern | [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus "COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova "COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova") [Gagauzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia "COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia") [Transnistria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria "COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") [government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine") [Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea "COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea") [Sevastopol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol "COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol") |
| Western Balkans | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania "COVID-19 pandemic in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo "COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro "COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") |
| [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria "COVID-19 pandemic in Austria") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium "COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark "COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia "COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland "COVID-19 pandemic in Finland") [Åland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land "COVID-19 pandemic in Åland") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France "COVID-19 pandemic in France") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy "COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany "COVID-19 pandemic in Germany") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece "COVID-19 pandemic in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary "COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy "COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia "COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania "COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg "COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta "COVID-19 pandemic in Malta") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland "COVID-19 pandemic in Poland") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal "COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias "COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Community of Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid "COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden "COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Gloria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gloria "Operation Gloria") |
| EFTA countries | [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland "COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein "COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway "COVID-19 pandemic in Norway") [Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard "COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland") |
| Microstates | [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra "COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco "COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino "COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City "COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City") |
| [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") | |
| | |
| Atlantic | [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland "COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon") |
| Canada | [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [federal aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [military response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Laser "Operation Laser") [Atlantic Bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble "Atlantic Bubble") [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") [Nunavut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut "COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)") [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa "COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa") [Peel Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel") [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto "COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto") [York Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York") [Provincial government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal "COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal") [boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") |
| Caribbean | |
| | |
| Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados "COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica "COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada "COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti "COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica "COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") |
| [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") | [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat "COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") |
| | |
| [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba "COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao "COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten") | |
| Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire "COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba "COVID-19 pandemic in Saba") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius") |
| French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") |
| US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") |
| Central America | [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize "COVID-19 pandemic in Belize") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica "COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador "COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala "COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras "COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua "COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama "COVID-19 pandemic in Panama") |
| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | |
| | |
| [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") | |
| [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [state and local governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") |
| By location | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") |
| [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") | |
| | |
| [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji "COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia "COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati "COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru "COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia "COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue "COVID-19 pandemic in Niue") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau "COVID-19 pandemic in Palau") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea") [Bougainville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville "COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville") [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands") [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga "COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu "COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu") [Wallis and Futuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna "COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna") | |
| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)") 2021 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)") [Australian Capital Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory") [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\(Keeling\)_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands") [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island") [Northern Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory") [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland "COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland") [South Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia") [Tasmania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania") [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria "COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria") [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia") |
| [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Alert levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand") [Traffic light system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework "COVID-19 Protection Framework") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [managed isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand") |
| [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia "COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador "COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana "COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [Cusco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco "COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname "COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela "COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela") |
| Others | [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [*Diamond Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [*Grand Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle "COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") |
| [Impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| Culture and entertainment | |
| | |
| [Arts and cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") | [References in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Corona-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-chan "Corona-chan") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Music industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [U.S. sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") |
| [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") | |
| | |
| [Female education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Homeschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| By country | [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") [exam grading controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy "2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") |
| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") | |
| | |
| [Bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") | |
| By country | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports") |
| By sport | [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [NBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season "Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") |
| Society and rights | |
| | |
| [Social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 "Social stigma associated with COVID-19") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children") [foster care in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Pandemic baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_baking "Pandemic baking") |
| Labor | [Healthcare workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Great Resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Resignation "Great Resignation") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "2021 Myanmar coup d'état") |
| Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [U.S. immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") |
| Minority | [Gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBT community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community") [African communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers") [Disability community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") | [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| [Charitable activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID-19 scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_scams "COVID-19 scams") [Travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| By country | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment "COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [U.K.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") |
| By industry | [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport") [Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Cannabis industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [meat industry in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada") [meat industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [ICU capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity") [Long-term care facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Mink farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Public transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") |
| Supply and trade | [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Chip supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage "2020–2023 global chip shortage") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis "2021–2023 global energy crisis") [Global supply chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis "2021–2023 global supply chain crisis") [Oil price war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war "2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Global stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge "2021–2022 inflation surge") |
| Information | |
| | |
| [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Wikipedia's response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") | [Governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") *[Plandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plandemic "Plandemic")* |
| [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation "List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 "List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest "2021 Abkhazia unrest") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17A "17A") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia "COVID-19 protests in Australia") [Convoy to Canberra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra "Convoy to Canberra") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests "2020 Azerbaijani protests") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests "2020–2021 Belarusian protests") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests "2022 Brussels protests") [2020 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests "2020 Brazilian protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests "2021 Brazilian protests") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada "COVID-19 protests in Canada") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest "Canada convoy protest") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests "2019–2022 Chilean protests") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China "2022 COVID-19 protests in China") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest "2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest") [healthcare reform protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests "2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests "2021 Colombian protests") [2022 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests "2022 Colombian protests") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests "2021 Cuban protests") [Yellow vests protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests "Yellow vests protests") [labor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests "2021 French labor protests") [French West Indies social unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies "2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_convoy_protest "France convoy protest") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany "COVID-19 protests in Germany") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting "2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Greek_protests "2021 Greek protests") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel "COVID-19 protests in Israel") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu "2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy "Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests "2021 Mongolian protests") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands") [curfew riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots "2021 Dutch curfew riots") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 protests in New Zealand") [Wellington protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests "2021 Paraguayan protests") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests "2020–2022 Serbian protests") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests "2021 Tunisian protests") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") |
| [International relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") | [Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") [Vaccine diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy "Vaccine diplomacy") |
| [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Anthropause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropause "Anthropause") [Doomscrolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomscrolling "Doomscrolling") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Green recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_recovery "Green recovery") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing") [Superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event") [Twindemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindemic "Twindemic") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_\(software\) "Zoom (software)") [Zoom towns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") |
| Others | [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Pregnant women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") |
| Health issues | |
| | |
| Medical topics | [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19 "Transmission of COVID-19") [Symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") [Cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer "COVID-19 and cancer") [Endemic COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19 "Endemic COVID-19") [Skin manifestations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Rehabilitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 "Rehabilitation after COVID-19") [Unproven medical methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") |
| Testing and epidemiology | |
| | |
| [Datasets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_datasets "COVID-19 datasets") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Operation Moonshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Moonshot "Operation Moonshot") [Test to Release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_to_Release "Test to Release") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium "UK Rapid Test Consortium") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test "AbC-19 rapid antibody test") [investigations into the origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 "Investigations into the origin of COVID-19") [lab leak theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Rapid antigen test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test "COVID-19 rapid antigen test") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance "COVID-19 surveillance") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") | |
| [Apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") | [Aarogya Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarogya_Setu "Aarogya Setu") [BlueTrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueTrace "BlueTrace") [careFIJI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CareFIJI "CareFIJI") [Coronavirus Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia "Coronavirus Australia") [Corona-Warn-App](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-Warn-App "Corona-Warn-App") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application") [COVID Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Alert "COVID Alert") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIDSafe "COVIDSafe") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland "COVID Tracker Ireland") [Covid Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Watch "Covid Watch") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing "Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing") [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") [Health Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Code "Health Code") [Healthy Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_Together "Healthy Together") [Immuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuni "Immuni") [Koronavilkku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavilkku "Koronavilkku") [LeaveHomeSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe "LeaveHomeSafe") [MySejahtera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySejahtera "MySejahtera") [NHS COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_COVID-19 "NHS COVID-19") [NZ COVID Tracer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer "NZ COVID Tracer") [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") [PathCheck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathCheck "PathCheck") [PeduliLindungi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeduliLindungi "PeduliLindungi") [SafeEntry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafeEntry "SafeEntry") [SafePass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafePass "SafePass") [StaySafe.ph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StaySafe.ph "StaySafe.ph") [SwissCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwissCovid "SwissCovid") [TCN Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN_Protocol "TCN Protocol") [Test, Trace, Protect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect "Test, Trace, Protect") [Thai Chana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chana "Thai Chana") [TousAntiCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TousAntiCovid "TousAntiCovid") [TraceTogether](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceTogether "TraceTogether") [Valtrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtrace "Valtrace") [Zoe Health Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study "Zoe Health Study") |
| Prevention | [Air purifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier "Air purifier") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box "Corsi–Rosenthal Box")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Anti-mask sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment "Anti-mask sentiment") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Great Barrington Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration "Great Barrington Declaration") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Safe Hands Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge "Safe Hands Challenge") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Workplace hazard controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 "Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") |
| [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") | |
| | |
| Topics | [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Clinical research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [EU Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 "Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| Authorized | |
| | |
| [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") | [ZyCoV-D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyCoV-D "ZyCoV-D") |
| [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine") [CoronaVac]() [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [COVIran Barekat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIran_Barekat "COVIran Barekat") [CoviVac (Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoviVac_\(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\) "CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)") [FAKHRAVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAKHRAVAC "FAKHRAVAC") [Minhai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine "Minhai COVID-19 vaccine") [QazCovid-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QazCovid-in "QazCovid-in") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm WIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Turkovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkovac "Turkovac") [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") | [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [Subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") | [Abdala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdala_\(vaccine\) "Abdala (vaccine)") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19 "COVAX-19") [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona") [IndoVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoVac "IndoVac") [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Noora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noora_\(vaccine\) "Noora (vaccine)") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Razi Cov Pars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars "Razi Cov Pars") [Sinopharm CNBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine") [Soberana 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_02 "Soberana 02") [Soberana Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_Plus "Soberana Plus") [ZF2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") (Zifivax) |
| [Viral vector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine "Viral vector vaccine") | [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Light "Sputnik Light") |
| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [CoVLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoVLP "CoVLP") |
| In trials | |
| | |
| [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVI-VAC_\(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\) "COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)") |
| DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 "AG0302-COVID‑19") [GX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GX-19 "GX-19") [Inovio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine "Inovio COVID-19 vaccine") |
| Inactivated | [KD-414](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KD-414 "KD-414") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") |
| RNA | [ARCT-021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-021 "ARCT-021") [ARCT-154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-154 "ARCT-154") [Bangavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangavax "Bangavax") [CureVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine "CureVac COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [HGC019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGC019 "HGC019") [mRNA-1283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA-1283 "MRNA-1283") [PTX-COVID19-B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B "PTX-COVID19-B") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine "Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine") [Walvax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine "Walvax COVID-19 vaccine") |
| Subunit | [202-CoV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/202-CoV "202-CoV") [AKS-452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS-452 "AKS-452") [EuCorVac-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuCorVac-19 "EuCorVac-19") [IVX-411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVX-411 "IVX-411") [Nanocovax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocovax "Nanocovax") [ReCOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReCOV "ReCOV") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine") [S-268019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-268019 "S-268019") [SCB-2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCB-2019 "SCB-2019") [SCTV01C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTV01C "SCTV01C") [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione") [UB-612](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB-612 "UB-612") [V-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-01 "V-01") [V451](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V451_vaccine "V451 vaccine") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine "Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine") [West China Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine "West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") |
| Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19 "AdCLD-CoV19") [BriLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife "BriLife") [COH04S1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COH04S1 "COH04S1") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT "DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT") [GRAd-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAd-COV2 "GRAd-COV2") [ImmunityBio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine "ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine") [iNCOVACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCOVACC "INCOVACC") [INNA-051](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INNA-051 "INNA-051") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine "Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [ABNCoV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNCoV2 "ABNCoV2") [LYB001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYB001 "LYB001") [MigVax-101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MigVax-101 "MigVax-101") [VBI-2902](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI-2902 "VBI-2902") |
| [Deployment by location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") | |
| | |
| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in Africa") | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola "COVID-19 vaccination in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana "COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi "COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad "COVID-19 vaccination in Chad") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt "COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana "COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco "COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal "COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe") |
| Asia | [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan") [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran "COVID-19 vaccination in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal "COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey "COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam") |
| Europe | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania "COVID-19 vaccination in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia "COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece "COVID-19 vaccination in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary "COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland "COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova "COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway "COVID-19 vaccination in Norway") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal "COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania "COVID-19 vaccination in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain "COVID-19 vaccination in Spain") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden "COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom") |
| North America | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec "COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti "COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") |
| Oceania | [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia "COVID-19 vaccination in Australia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji "COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand") |
| South America | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina "COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia "COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru "COVID-19 vaccination in Peru") |
| Others | |
| [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 "Treatment and management of COVID-19") | |
| | |
| [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Baricitinib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib "Baricitinib") [PANORAMIC trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial "PANORAMIC trial") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial "RECOVERY Trial") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial "Solidarity trial") (WHO) | |
| [Monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody "Monoclonal antibody") | [Bamlanivimab/etesevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab "Bamlanivimab/etesevimab") [Bamlanivimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab "Bamlanivimab") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebtelovimab "Bebtelovimab") [Casirivimab/imdevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab "Casirivimab/imdevimab") [Regdanvimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regdanvimab "Regdanvimab") [Sarilumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab "Sarilumab") [Sotrovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrovimab "Sotrovimab") [Tixagevimab/cilgavimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab "Tixagevimab/cilgavimab") [Tocilizumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab "Tocilizumab") |
| [Small molecule antivirals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug "Antiviral drug") | [Broad-spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug "Broad-spectrum antiviral drug") [Ensitrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensitrelvir "Ensitrelvir") [Molnupiravir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir "Molnupiravir") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir "Nirmatrelvir") [ritonavir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir") |
| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") | |
| | |
| Specific | [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") |
| General | [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") [Variant of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") |
| Institutions | |
| | |
| Hospitals and medical clinics | |
| | |
| Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan "Central Hospital of Wuhan") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre "Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre") [Fangcang hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangcang_hospital "Fangcang hospital") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital "Huoshenshan Hospital") [Leishenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital "Leishenshan Hospital") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel "Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital "Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital") |
| Others | [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [Garran Surge Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre "Garran Surge Centre") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador "Hospital El Salvador") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village "Kemayoran Athletes Village") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital "Pyongyang General Hospital") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang "Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers "Mega Ligtas COVID Centers") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre "Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital "Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital "Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham "NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London "NHS Nightingale Hospital London") [North East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East "NHS Nightingale Hospital North East") [North West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West "NHS Nightingale Hospital North West") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber "NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan "NHS Louisa Jordan") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital "Dragon's Heart Hospital") (Wales) |
| Organizations | |
| | |
| [National Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cabinet_\(Australia\) "National Cabinet (Australia)") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceUpFirst "ScienceUpFirst") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology "Wuhan Institute of Virology") (China) [Independent SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_SAGE "Independent SAGE") (United Kingdom) | |
| Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_\(Hong_Kong\) "Department of Health (Hong Kong)") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases "National Institute for Communicable Diseases") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control "Taiwan Centers for Disease Control") (Taiwan) |
| Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force "COVID-19 Immunity Task Force") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council "COVID-19 Supply Council") (Canada) [PREPARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPARE "PREPARE") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 "National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force "COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\(2020\) "National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre "Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee "Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases "Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center "Central Epidemic Command Center") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board "Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium "COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team "Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre "Joint Biosecurity Centre") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce "Vaccine Taskforce") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team") (United States) [GACH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GACH "GACH") (Uruguay) |
| Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") (India) [Artist Relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_Relief "Artist Relief") (United States) |
| People | |
| | |
| Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Fen "Ai Fen") [Corona Rintawan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Rintawan "Corona Rintawan") [Li Wenliang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang "Li Wenliang") [Liu Wen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Wen_\(doctor\) "Liu Wen (doctor)") [Xie Linka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Linka "Xie Linka") [Zhang Wenhong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong "Zhang Wenhong") |
| [Researchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers "Category:Coronavirus researchers") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud "Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud") [Roberto Burioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Burioni "Roberto Burioni") [Chen Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Wei_\(medical_scientist\) "Chen Wei (medical scientist)") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Andrea Crisanti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_\(scientist\) "Andrea Crisanti (scientist)") [Peter Daszak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak "Peter Daszak") [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") [Neil Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_\(epidemiologist\) "Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)") [Dale Fisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Fisher "Dale Fisher") [George F. Gao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Gao "George F. Gao") [Azra Ghani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra_Ghani "Azra Ghani") [Sarah Gilbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert "Sarah Gilbert") [Guan Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Yi "Guan Yi") [Kentaro Iwata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata "Kentaro Iwata") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Matt Keeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Keeling "Matt Keeling") [Trudie Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Lang "Trudie Lang") [Li Lanjuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Lanjuan "Li Lanjuan") [W. Ian Lipkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin "W. Ian Lipkin") [Ma Xiaowei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei "Ma Xiaowei") [Shabir Madhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabir_Madhi "Shabir Madhi") [Allison McGeer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_McGeer "Allison McGeer") [Camilla Rothe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Rothe "Camilla Rothe") [Shi Zhengli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli "Shi Zhengli") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Mike Tildesley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tildesley "Mike Tildesley") [John Todd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Todd_\(British_biologist\) "John Todd (British biologist)") [Wang Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chen_\(physician\) "Wang Chen (physician)") [Wang Guangfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Guangfa "Wang Guangfa") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung "Yuen Kwok-yung") [Zeng Guang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_Guang "Zeng Guang") [Zhang Jixian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Jixian "Zhang Jixian") [Zhang Yongzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen "Zhang Yongzhen") [Zhong Nanshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan "Zhong Nanshan") |
| Officials | |
| | |
| WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus "Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Aylward "Bruce Aylward") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove "Maria Van Kerkhove") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_\(doctor\) "Michael J. Ryan (doctor)") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) |
| By location | [Frank Atherton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton "Frank Atherton") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield "Ashley Bloomfield") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood "Catherine Calderwood") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen "Chang Shan-chwen") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung "Chen Shih-chung") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching "Chuang Yin-ching") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Costache "Victor Costache") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio "Fabrizio Curcio") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Deseda "Carmen Deseda") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel "Jaap van Dissel") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III "Francisco Duque III") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo "Francesco Paolo Figliuolo") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas "Graça Freitas") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo "Henrique Gouveia e Melo") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Hancock "Matt Hancock") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Hasan "Hamad Hasan") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Hunt "Greg Hunt") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Holohan "Tony Holohan") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong "Jeong Eun-kyeong") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca "Fahrettin Koca") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Keqiang "Li Keqiang") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez "Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_\(doctor\) "Michael McBride (doctor)") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 "Oriol Mitjà") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize "Zweli Mkhize") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_Monardo "Doni Monardo") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller "Alma Möller") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Namaki "Saeed Namaki") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco "Ala Nemerenco") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long "Nguyễn Thanh Long") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah "Noor Hisham Abdullah") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pilli "Ali Pilli") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Salinas "Daniel Salinas") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon "Jérôme Salomon") (France) [Fernando Simón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n "Fernando Simón") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith "Gregor Smith") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Ih-jen "Su Ih-jen") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski "Łukasz Szumowski") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Tam "Theresa Tam") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Tegnell "Anders Tegnell") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason "Þórólfur Guðnason") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras "Sotiris Tsiodras") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_\(Delhi_politician\) "Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson "Víðir Reynisson") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti "Carla Vizzotti") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu "Vlad Voiculescu") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty "Chris Whitty") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") (United States) |
| Others | [Chen Qiushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Qiushi "Chen Qiushi") [Brett Crozier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Crozier "Brett Crozier") [Fang Bin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Bin "Fang Bin") [Fang Fang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Fang "Fang Fang") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond "Joseph Ashitey Hammond") [Li Zehua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zehua "Li Zehua") [Captain Tom Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore "Captain Tom Moore") [Qiu Menghuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang "Qiu Menghuang") [Ren Zhiqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang "Ren Zhiqiang") |
| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") | |
| Data (templates) | |
| | |
| Global | WHO situation reports [cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") |
| Asia | [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart") China [confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\(dots\) "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)") |
[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):
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[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [Chinese COVID-19 vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_COVID-19_vaccines "Category:Chinese COVID-19 vaccines")
- [Inactivated vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Inactivated_vaccines "Category:Inactivated vaccines")
- [Products introduced in 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2020 "Category:Products introduced in 2020")
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- [Use dmy dates from August 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021 "Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021")
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- [Drugs that are a vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drugs_that_are_a_vaccine "Category:Drugs that are a vaccine")
- [All articles with unsourced statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements "Category:All articles with unsourced statements")
- [Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021 "Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021")
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- This page was last edited on 9 February 2026, at 06:15 (UTC).
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CoronaVac
30 languages
[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac) |
| Readable Markdown | | | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoronaVac.jpg)An empty vial of the CoronaVac vaccine | |
| [Vaccine description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine "Vaccine") | |
| Target | [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") |
| [Vaccine type](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine#Types "Vaccine") | [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") |
| Clinical data | |
| [Trade names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names "Drug nomenclature") | CoronaVac |
| Other names | PiCoVacc |
| [Routes of administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration "Route of administration") | [Intramuscular](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection "Intramuscular injection") |
| [ATC code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System "Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System") | [J07BN03](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_J07 "ATC code J07") ([WHO](https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J07BN03)) |
| Legal status | |
| [Legal status](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods "Regulation of therapeutic goods") | BR : Emergency use[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-2) [Full list of CoronaVac authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations#CoronaVac "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") |
| Identifiers | |
| [CAS Number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number "CAS Registry Number") | [2480309-93-9](https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2480309-93-9)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-3) |
| [DrugBank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrugBank "DrugBank") | [DB15806](https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB15806) |
| [UNII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier "Unique Ingredient Identifier") | [M1QXB372B8](https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/M1QXB372B8) |
**CoronaVac**, also known as the **Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine**, was a [whole inactivated virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") vaccine[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-4) developed by [Sinovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac "Sinovac")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hotez-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-6) and extensively deployed globally to control the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"). Its use was highest in low- and middle-income countries.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jin_2022-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Alzate-%C3%81ngel_2024-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Azeem_2025-9) In January 2024, Sinovac confirmed that production of CoronaVac had been discontinued.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-MingPao_article-10)
Clinical trials have demonstrated that a standard two-dose regimen provides moderate efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, ranging from about 50% to 83% depending on population and circulating viral variants, with more robust protection observed against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Although most adverse reactions are mild and serious vaccine-related events are rare, the vaccine’s immune protection against symptomatic infection wanes over time, especially in the context of emerging variants such as [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant"), leading to recommendations for booster doses to sustain immunity and reduce severe outcomes. Overall, CoronaVac’s safety and efficacy profile in preventing severe COVID-19 have contributed to its use in vaccination programs, particularly in regions with limited access to [mRNA vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jin_2022-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Alzate-%C3%81ngel_2024-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Azeem_2025-9)
On 1 June 2021, the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) validated CoronaVac for emergency use.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:26-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_recommendation-12) Sinovac subsequently signed agreements to supply 380 million doses to [COVAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX "COVAX").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-13)
By July 2021, CoronaVac was the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine globally, with about 943 million doses delivered.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:0-14) As of 14 October 2021, it remained the vaccine with the highest number of doses administered worldwide.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nature-waning-immunity-15)
Medical uses
The vaccine is given by [intramuscular injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection "Intramuscular injection") into the [deltoid muscle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle "Deltoid muscle"). The initial course consists of two doses. The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) recommends an interval of 4 weeks between doses, with data from Chile suggesting that a longer interval provides more robust immunity.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-guidance-16)
Early evidence suggested that immunity wanes rapidly, so a [booster dose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booster_dose "Booster dose") after the initial course might be needed.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-chile-booster-delta-17)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nature-waning-immunity-15)
Effectiveness
In Brazil, a study was conducted in [Serrana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrana,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo "Serrana, São Paulo"), population 45,000, where authorities attempted to vaccinate the entire adult population with CoronaVac.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-18) After 75% of the adult population received the vaccine, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86% and symptomatic cases by 80%. According to Ricardo Palacios, a director at São Paulo's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan"), "The most important result was understanding that we can control the pandemic even without vaccinating the entire population."[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-20)
In July 2021, researchers from the [Chilean Ministry of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_\(Chile\) "Ministry of Health (Chile)") published a paper containing real-world data for their vaccination campaign. The study was conducted between 2 February and 1 May 2021, consisting of 10.2 million people. The effectiveness of CoronaVac vaccine after the second dose was 66% (95% CI, 65–67%) in preventing symptomatic disease, 88% () for hospitalization, 90% () for ICU admission, and 86% () in preventing COVID-19 related deaths. The effectiveness after the first dose was 16% (95% CI, 14–17%) against symptomatic disease, 37% () against hospitalization, 45% () against ICU admission, and 46% () against deaths. The study concluded that the vaccine was effective in preventing COVID-19.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jara_2021-21)
In May 2021, real-world data from Indonesia showed the vaccine was highly effective, with 94% of inoculated health care workers protected against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, besting results of clinical trials.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:27-22) In this study of 128,290 health workers in Jakarta,[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-23) less than 1% of the vaccinated healthcare workers contracted symptomatic COVID-19, compared to more than 8% among the unvaccinated healthcare workers. The vaccine reduced the risk of hospitalization and death of the inoculated medical workers by 96% and 98% respectively.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-25)
Uruguay released real-world data based on 795,684 people who have received both doses of CoronaVac for more than 14 days as of 1 June 2021. In this group, 8,298 tested positive, 45 were admitted to the ICU, and 35 died of COVID-19. This indicated 64.52% and 61.47% effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 cases for people aged 18–49 and 50 and older respectively. The vaccine was 94.95% and 92.18% effective in reducing ICU admissions, and 95.35% and 95.2% effective to prevent deaths. Among fully-vaccinated healthcare professionals, the vaccine was 66% effective in preventing cases, and 100% effective in preventing ICU admissions and deaths.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-26)
Preliminary results from a test-negative case-control study from 19 January to 13 April 2021 in [Manaus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus "Manaus") suggest that, after just one dose, the vaccine is 35% (95% CI, −7 to 61%) effective against asymptomatic infections and 50% (95% CI, 11–71%) against symptomatic disease. The one-dose group consisted of 53,176 healthcare professionals. During the study, 66% of the samples were of the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant"). The same study found paradoxically reduced effectiveness against symptomatic disease in another group that received two doses, an effect attributed by the authors to unmeasured [confounding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding "Confounding") leading to downward bias in the efficacy estimate.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-27)
In Chile, the effectiveness against symptomatic disease dropped from 67% between February–April 2021 to 58.5% in early July. Because of this, on 11 August, Chile began giving an additional dose of the [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") to people over 55 who were fully vaccinated with CoronaVac before 31 March.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-28)
In October 2021, a large scale study in Chile with 2,017,878 participants reported that, with a CoronaVac booster, effectiveness against hospitalization increased from 84% to 88% and effectiveness against symptomatic disease increased from 56% to 80%. The greatest increases were seen with a heterologous [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") booster, resulting in 96% effectiveness against hospitalization and 93% against symptomatic disease.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-29)
A study by the University of Hong Kong in December 2021 found that a third dose of CoronaVac does not provide sufficient protection against the Omicron variant,[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-30) directly contradicting the vaccine manufacturer's claim[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Sinovac-booster-omicron-31) and a study by the [Pontifical Catholic University of Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile "Pontifical Catholic University of Chile") that it does.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-32)
In April 2022, a Singapore study by infectious diseases experts from the [National Centre for Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_for_Infectious_Diseases "National Centre for Infectious Diseases") and the [Ministry of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_\(Singapore\) "Ministry of Health (Singapore)") found that CoronaVac recipients were 4.59 times more likely to have severe COVID-19 as well as 2.37 times more likely to be infected, compared to those who took the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-34)
Variants
In the following tables, a vaccine is generally considered effective if the estimate is ≥50% with a \>30% lower limit of the 95% [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-35) Effectiveness is generally expected to slowly decrease over time.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-36)
| Doses | [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") | [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | Not reported | 16% (15–17%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) |
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 14% (−60 to 55%)[\[A\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-delta-38) | Not reported | |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | Not reported | 27% (25–28%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) | |
| 2 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | Not reported | 54% (53–55%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) |
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 59% (16–82%)[\[A\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-delta-38) | Not reported | |
| Moderate[\[B\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-moderate-40) | 70% (43–96%)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-guangdong-41) | Not reported | |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 100%[\[C\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-no-ci-42)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-guangdong-41) | 73% (72–74%)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37) | |
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-efficacy-delta_38-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-efficacy-delta_38-1) Efficacy from a study with 366 participants.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-guangzhou-39)
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-moderate_40-0)** Cases with imaging characteristics of pneumonia and also fever and respiratory symptoms.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-efficacy-guangzhou-39)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-no-ci_42-0)** A [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval") was not provided, so it is not possible to know the accuracy of this measurement.
In the elderly
A test-negative case-control study from 17 January to 29 April 2021 in the [state of São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "São Paulo (state)"), during which 86% of the collected genotype isolates were of the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant"), with 43,774 participants aged 70 years or older, found an effectiveness after two doses of 47% (95% CI, 39–54%) against symptomatic disease, 56% (95% CI, 47–63%) against hospitalization and 61% (95% CI, 49–71%) against death. After a single dose, the effectiveness was only 13% () against symptomatic disease, 17% () against hospitalization and 31% () against death, highlighting the importance of receiving the second dose.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-elderly-43) The study also found that effectiveness against symptomatic disease decreased with increasing age:
| [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | Age 70–74 | Age 75–79 | Age ≥80 |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Symptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") | 59% (44–70%) | 56% (43–66%) | 33% (17–46%) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 78% (63–87%) | 67% (52–77%) | 39% (21–53%) |
| Death | 84% (59–94%) | 78% (59–88%) | 44% (20–61%) |
Preliminary data from a large effectiveness study in Brazil with 61 million individuals from 18 January to 30 June 2021, when the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") was dominant in the country, indicate that effectiveness is markedly reduced in those aged 90 or older, attributable to [immunosenescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence "Immunosenescence"):[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-brazil-37)
| Doses | [Severity of illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severity_of_illness "Severity of illness") | Age \<60 | Age 60–69 | Age 70–79 | Age 80–89 | Age ≥90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | 14% (12–16%) | 15% (13–18%) | 25% (23–27%) | 2% (−3 to 6%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | −19% (−31 to 9%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 34% (27–40%) | 30% (26–33%) | 33% (30–35%) | 8% (2–14%) | −16% (−31 to 3%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | |
| Death | 42% (26–54%) | 36% (30–41%) | 38% (35–42%) | 10% (3–11%) | −22% (−41 to 6%)[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-effectiveness-ci-with-zero-44) | |
| 2 | [Asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier "Asymptomatic carrier") | 45% (43–46%) | 56% (54–57%) | 62% (61–63%) | 57% (55–60%) | 32% (24–38%) |
| [Hospitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpatient_care "Inpatient care") | 84% (81–87%) | 78% (76–80%) | 74% (73–75%) | 63% (60–66%) | 33% (23–41%) | |
| Death | 77% (67–83%) | 79% (77–80%) | 78% (77–80%) | 67% (64–71%) | 35% (24–45%) | |
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_ref-effectiveness-ci-with-zero_44-3) The [confidence interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval "Confidence interval") includes zero, so it is possible that vaccination had no effect.
Specific populations
On 21 October 2021, the WHO recommended a third dose as part of the initial course for older adults 3–6 months after the second dose and for immunocompromised individuals 1–3 months after the second dose because these groups mount a weaker immune response compared to healthy adults. Where supplies are limited, the third dose for seniors should be given after achieving high coverage with two doses.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-guidance-16)
Manufacturing
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coronavac_\(Brazilian_version\)_2021_A.jpg)
Brazilian version of CoronaVac, filled and finished by Instituto Butantan
As an [inactivated vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") like the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") and [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin"), CoronaVac uses a more traditional technology[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-bbc._Covi-45)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-tech-46) that is similar to the inactivated [polio vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine "Polio vaccine"). Initially, a sample of [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") from China was used to grow large quantities of the virus using [vero cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero_cell "Vero cell"). From then on, the viruses are soaked in [beta-propiolactone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-propiolactone "Beta-propiolactone"), which deactivates them by binding to their genes, while leaving other viral particles intact. The resulting inactivated viruses are then mixed with the [adjuvant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant "Immunologic adjuvant") [aluminium hydroxide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide "Aluminium hydroxide").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hotez-5)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-47)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the vaccine and raw material for formulating the new doses could be transported and refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nine_flights-49) CoronaVac could remain stable for up to three years in storage, which might offer some advantage in vaccine distribution to regions where [cold chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine#Cold_chain "COVID-19 vaccine") are not developed.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-50)
In November 2020, Brazil's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan") began building a facility to manufacture 100 million doses of CoronaVac a year, with a target completion date in September 2021.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-51) On 10 December, São Paulo Governor João Doria said that in the interim, prior to the local manufacture of CoronaVac, Instituto Butantan aimed to [fill and finish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_and_finish "Fill and finish") 1 million doses of the vaccine per day.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:14-52)
In April 2021, Sinovac said its third manufacturing plant for Coronavac was ready and had started manufacturing bulk vaccine ingredients, doubling its annual capacity to 2 billion doses.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:13-53)
In April 2021, [Bio Farma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_Farma "Bio Farma") of Indonesia had filled and finished 35 million doses of CoronaVac, but was facing some production delays because of diminished supply of bulk delivered CoronaVac from China.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-54)
In May 2021, Malaysian company [Pharmaniaga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaniaga "Pharmaniaga") obtained local approval for its fill and finish CoronaVac.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-55)
In May 2021, Turkey was provided a license to produce CoronaVac.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-56)
In May 2021, Hungary announced an agreement to fill and finish CoronaVac, with the goal to eventually manufacture it locally in a new plant in [Debrecen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrecen "Debrecen").[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Hungary_Produce_then_Manufacture-57)
In June 2021, Egypt announced that it would produce about 40 million doses by the end of that year. Distribution of the locally produced vaccine would begin by August and it would be used locally and sent to other African nations.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-58)
History
Clinical trials
Phase I–II
In April 2020, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 744 participants on adults over the age 18–59, and In May, CoronaVac began Phase I–II trials in China with 422 participants on elderly adults over the age 60 and above.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-59)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-60) Preliminary results indicate that neutralizing antibodies fell below the seropositive threshold 6 to 8 months after the first two doses, and that a third dose given 6 or more months after the second dose raised neutralizing antibody levels beyond that of an initial course consisting of 3 doses.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-61)
In the [Phase II trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_II "Phases of clinical research") completed in July 2020 published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")*, CoronaVac showed [seroconversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion "Seroconversion") of neutralising antibodies for 109 (92%) of 118 participants in the 3 μg group, 117 (98%) of 119 in the 6 μg group, after the days 0 and 14 schedule; whereas at day 28 after the days 0 and 28 schedule, seroconversion was seen in 114 (97%) of 117 in the 3 μg group, 118 (100%) of 118 in the 6 μg group.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-62) Phase II results for older adults published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")* showed CoronaVac was safe and well tolerated in older adults, with neutralising antibody induced by a 3 μg dose similar to those of a 6 μg dose.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-63)
Phase III
It was [phase III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research "Phases of clinical research") clinically trialled in Brazil,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-64) Chile,[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Chile-65) Indonesia,[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-248_volunteers-66) the Philippines,[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-67) and Turkey[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-68) and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine"), another Chinese vaccine, and [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin"), an Indian vaccine.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-tech-46) CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-nine_flights-49)
In July 2020, Sinovac began Phase III trials to evaluate efficacy and safety on 9,000 volunteer healthcare professionals in Brazil, collaborating with Butantan Institute.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-69)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-70) On 19 October, [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "São Paulo (state)") Governor [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria") said the first results of the clinical study conducted in Brazil proved that among the vaccines being tested in the country, CoronaVac is the safest, the one with the best and most promising immunization rates.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-71) On 23 October, São Paulo increased the number of volunteers in the trial to 13,000.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-72)
Brazil briefly paused the trials on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming them the next day. The suicide was unrelated to the vaccine trial.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:4-73)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-74)
In August, a trial was started in Chile run by [Pontifical Catholic University of Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile "Pontifical Catholic University of Chile") which was expected to include 3,000 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Chile-65)
In August, Sinovac began trials in Indonesia with [Bio Farma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_Farma "Bio Farma") in [Bandung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung "Bandung") involving 1,620 volunteers.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-248_volunteers-66)
In September, Turkey began trials with 13,000 volunteers on a two-dose 14-day interval.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-75) The monitoring process took place at 25 centers in 12 cities across the country.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:3-76)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Covid_vaccine_clinical_trial_with_Ridwan_kamil.jpg)
The Governor of [West Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Java "West Java") [Ridwan Kamil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridwan_Kamil "Ridwan Kamil") participating in phase 3 trial of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia.
In October, Sinovac began trials in China involving 1,040 volunteers.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-77)
In April 2021, Sinovac began Phase II/III trials for the elderly aged 60–80 in the Philippines involving 352 volunteers.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-78)
Children and adolescents trials
In September 2020, Sinovac began Phase I–II trials in China on children and adolescents ages 3–17.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-79) In May 2021, Sinovac began Phase IIb trials in China with 500 participants for children and adolescents 3–17 years old.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-80) In June 2021, it was announced that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic in this age group.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-81)
In July, Sinovac began Phase III trials in Chile with 14,000 participants for children and adolescents and expand from 6 months to 17 years old.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-82)
Results of Phase III trials
Peer-reviewed Phase III results from Turkey showed an efficacy of 83\.5% (95% CI, 65\.4–92\.1%). The final efficacy rate was based on 41 infections, 32 of which had received a placebo. The vaccine prevented hospitalization and severe illness in 100% of cases, with all six people who were hospitalized in the placebo group. The final results were based on 10,218 participants in the trials.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-S0140-6736\(21\)01429-X-83)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
Phase III results from Brazil submitted to Lancet showed 50.7% efficacy at preventing symptomatic infections, 83.7% effective in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of 21 days or more between the doses. A total of 12,396 volunteers participated in the study between 21 July and 16 December 2020. All participants received at least one dose of the vaccine or placebo. Of this total, 9,823 participants received both doses.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:10-84) Further detail published by Sinovac showed an efficacy 50\.65% (95% CI, 35\.66–62\.15%) against all symptomatic cases, 83\.70% () against cases that require medical treatment, and 100\.00% () against severe, hospitalized and fatal cases. In the placebo group (N=4870), there were 168 COVID cases, 30 cases requiring medical attention, and 10 severe cases including one death. In the vaccine group (N=4953), there were 85 COVID cases, 5 cases requiring medical attention, and no severe cases or deaths.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-85)
On 1 April 2021, a preliminary report[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-86) from a [phase III clinical trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research "Phases of clinical research") in Chile[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-87) revealed that CoronaVac is safe and induces [humoral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity "Humoral immunity") and [cell-mediated immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity "Cell-mediated immunity") in adults (18–59 years old) and the elderly (60 years or older) similar to previous phase II trials conducted in China with the same age groups and immunization schedule consisting of two doses with a 14-day interval. The side effects were mild and local, mainly limited to pain at the injection site, which was more common in adults. [Seroconversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion "Seroconversion") rates for adults 14–28 days after the second dose were 95.6% for the [IgG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G "Immunoglobulin G") specific against the S1-RBD ([receptor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor "Cell surface receptor") [binding domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_domain "Binding domain") of the S1 [subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_subunit "Protein subunit") of the [spike protein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein "Coronavirus spike protein")) and 96% for [neutralizing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizing_antibody "Neutralizing antibody") anti-S1-RBD IgG. For the elderly, seroconversion rates were 100% 14 days and 87.5% 28 days after the second dose for the S1-RBD specific IgG, 90% 14 days, and 100% 28 days after the second dose for neutralizing anti-S1-RBD IgG. As found in [studies in animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_development#Animal_testing "Preclinical development"), seroconversion rates for IgG specific against the N ([nucleocapsid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid "Capsid")) [protein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein "Nucleoprotein") were weak for both groups, although CoronaVac contains significant amounts of the N protein. A robust increase of [T helper cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_helper_cells "T helper cells") (CD4\+) secreting [interferon gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma "Interferon gamma") was detected 14 days after both doses in response to stimulation with peptides of the S protein and of other viral particles, but the response to S protein peptides was reduced in the elderly due to a natural reduction of activated CD4\+ T cells in this age group, as found in studies of other vaccines. The immune response of [cytotoxic T cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell "Cytotoxic T cell") (CD8\+) was not as robust. The observed CD4\+ T cell response is considered a balanced immune response capable of viral clearance and is similar to that observed in other COVID-19 vaccines, such as [BNT162b1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine#Vaccine_technology "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") and [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia").
Phase III results from Turkey, published in *[The Lancet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet "The Lancet")*, showed an efficacy of 84% based on 10,218 participants in the trials.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-S0140-6736\(21\)01429-X-83)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48) Phase III results from Brazil previously showed 50.7% efficacy in preventing symptomatic infections and 83.7% effectiveness in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of at least 21 days between the doses.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:10-84)
Variability in results
In early January 2021, Brazilian health officials announced that the vaccine had an efficacy of 78%. One week later, they revised this figure to 50.4%, stating that the revised figure now included "very mild" cases of COVID-19 among trial participants which were omitted in the earlier analysis.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bloomberg-2021-01-12-88)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) Ricardo Palácios, medical director of Brazil's [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan"), said Sinovac's relatively low efficacy rate of 50% was due to more rigorous standards for what counted as an infection among trial participants.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Fortune-2020-01-13-90) The Institute split cases in six categories: asymptomatic, very mild, mild, two levels of moderate, and severe; the first two didn't require medical assistance.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bloomberg-2021-01-12-88)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) Possible explanations for lower efficacy rate included: trial was largely made up of frontline health care workers who were more exposed to the virus;[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89) two vaccine doses were given at shorter intervals (2 weeks);[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-91) counting very mild cases;[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-BD-2021-01-12-89)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Nature-2021-05-21-92) and the [Gamma variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") (lineage P.1), more transmissible and perhaps evaded immunity better, was circulating.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Nature-2021-05-21-92)
According to Instituto Butantan director Dimas Covas, the Brazilian group was considered more vulnerable to infection and exposure to higher viral loads. In Turkish and Indonesian Phase III trials, the composition of volunteers was similar to that of the general population.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-93)
Post phase III
A real-world study of tens of millions of Chileans who received CoronaVac found it to be 66% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 88% effective against hospitalization, 90% effective against ICU admissions, and 86% effective against deaths.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Jara_2021-21) In Brazil, after 75% of the population in [Serrana, São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrana,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo "Serrana, São Paulo"), received CoronaVac, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86%, and symptomatic cases by 80%.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-94)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-95) In Indonesia, real-world data from 128,290 healthcare workers showed 94% protection against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, beating results in clinical trials.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:27-22)
Variants
On 10 March, [Instituto Butantan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Butantan "Instituto Butantan") Director Dimas Covas said CoronaVac was efficacious against three variants of COVID-19 in the country; [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") (lineage B.1.1.7), [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") (lineage B.1.351), and lineage B.1.1.28 (identified in Brazil), from which [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") and Zeta (lineages P.1 and P.2) descend.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:19-96)
Preliminary results from a large study of health care workers suggest one dose of CoronaVac is still about 50% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 in Manaus. In April 2021, it was reported that over 75% of new cases were being caused by the highly transmissible Gamma variant.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-97)
In June, Thailand's Public Health Ministry stated the vaccine had 71%-91% efficacy against infection by the [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") strain.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-98)
In June 2021, [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters") reported that more than 350 Indonesian doctors and medical workers out of 5,000 in [Kudus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudus,_Indonesia "Kudus, Indonesia") contracted the [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") strain despite being vaccinated with the CoronaVac, an infection rate of 7%. In response, [Griffith University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_University "Griffith University") epidemiologist Dicky Budiman questioned the efficacy of CoronaVac against the variant but overall still recommended that people take the vaccine, expressing "confidence that to a certain degree Sinovac has effectiveness against the new variant". He stated that the situation was due to various factors, including a "lack of proper protective gear and the overall situation in Indonesia".[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-99) The vast majority of those infected were protected from severe symptoms and recovered without hospitalization.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-100)
A Hong Kong 2022 study of the BA.2 [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") comparing CoronaVac with [BNT162b2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") (Pfizer) found effectiveness of 32.4% and 41.4% (respectively) in preventing infections with two doses, and 41.6% versus 50.9% (respectively) in preventing infections with three doses.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-pmid36521506-101) Another Hong Kong study of the BA.2 Omicron variant comparing CoronaVac with BNT162b2 for adults over age 60 found effectiveness of 69.9% versus 89.3% (respectively) in preventing severe disease or death with two doses, and 97.9% for both vaccines with three doses.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-pmid35850128-102)
Authorizations
The [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) validated the Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use on 1 June 2021.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_PR_20210601-103)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-WHO_recommendation-12) The recommendation was given with limited evidence at the time of approval for groups other than healthy adults. The WHO [Strategic Advisory Group of Experts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Advisory_Group_of_Experts "Strategic Advisory Group of Experts") expressed high level of confidence in the efficacy of the vaccine for adults, moderate confidence in the efficacy for older adults and individuals with comorbidities, moderate confidence in its safety for adults and low confidence in its safety for the elderly and individuals with comorbidities.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-who-evidence-48)
In late August 2020, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use to vaccinate high-risk groups such as medical staff.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-104) In early February, China approved CoronaVac for general use.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:9-105) On 5 June 2021, China approved CoronaVac for emergency use with children and adolescents for 3–17 years old.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
In January 2021, Bolivia authorized use of CoronaVac.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Bolivia-106)
In April, Panama approved emergency use of Coronavac.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reuters_2021-04-09-107)
On 4 May, the EMA's human medicines committee (CHMP) started a rolling review of CoronaVac.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-108)
In June, Bangladesh approved Coronavac for emergency use.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-109)
Society and culture
Economics
As of 7 July 2021, CoronaVac is the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine in the world, with 943 million doses delivered globally.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:0-14) In July, Sinovac signed advanced purchase agreements with [GAVI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI "GAVI") to supply [COVAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX "COVAX") with 50 million doses in the third quarter of 2021 and up to a total of 380 million doses by the first half of 2022.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-110)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-111)
Asia
In January, Azerbaijan launched its vaccination campaign with CoronaVac.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:7-112) It purchased 4 million doses from Turkey and 5 million doses from China.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-113)
In May, Armenia received 100,000 doses from China.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-114)
In February, Cambodia approved Coronavac for emergency use[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-115) and started vaccinations in March.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-116) By July, the country had received 10.5 million doses.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-117)
In October, Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to distribute CoronaVac to 7,000 healthcare workers, after conducting Phase III trials with the [Saudi Arabian National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_National_Guard "Saudi Arabian National Guard").[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-118)
In November, Turkey signed a contract to buy 50 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-119) Turkey approved emergency use on 13 January[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reut_Turk-120) and President [Recep Tayyip Erdoğan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan") received his first dose at Ankara City Hospital.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-121) In February, Turkey signed a deal for another 50 million doses for a total of 100 million doses.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:12-122) By March 10.7 million doses had been administered, and 852 of the 1.3 million people who had received both doses were later diagnosed with the disease. 53 were hospitalized, but none of those hospitalized were intubated or died.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-123)
In December, Hong Kong ordered 7.5 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-124) The vaccination campaign with CoronaVac began on 26 February.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-125)
By December 2020, Indonesia had signed agreements for 140 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-126) Indonesia approved emergency use authorization on 11 January[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:5-127) and President [Joko Widodo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joko_Widodo "Joko Widodo") received the first shot of the vaccine.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-apne_Indo-128) By June, Indonesia had received 118.7 million bulk doses.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-129)
In January, Malaysia ordered 12 million doses[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Choong_2021-130) which was approved for emergency use in March.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-131) Science, Technology and Innovation Minister [Khairy Jamaluddin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khairy_Jamaluddin "Khairy Jamaluddin") received the first dose as part of the vaccination campaign.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-132)
In March, Kazakhstan ordered 3 million doses,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-133) of which 500,000 doses arrived in June and has been approved for use by the Ministry of Health.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-134)
In May, Oman received its first batch of the vaccine.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-135)
In April, Pakistan granted emergency use authorization for CoronaVac[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Pakistan-136) and received 14.5 million doses by July.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-137)
In January, the Philippines announced the country had secured 25 million doses.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-138) The vaccine was approved on 22 February but not for all health workers as it had lower efficacy when used with health workers compared to healthy individuals aged 18–59. The first 600,000 doses of CoronaVac arrived on 28 February,[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-139) and the country had received 7.5 million doses by June.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-140)
Singapore signed advance purchase agreements for CoronaVac.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-141) In February, the first doses arrived[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-142) and in June it was approved for use under the Special Access Route.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-143)
In May, Tajikistan's Ministry of Health announced it would receive 150,000 doses.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-144)
In February, Thailand approved emergency use[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-145) and started its vaccination program on 27 February.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:15-146) As of June, Thailand had received 10.5 million doses.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-147)
In May 2021, Georgia began vaccinations with CoronaVac,[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-148) for which it received 1 million doses by July.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-149)
In May 2021, Turkmenistan received a delivery of CoronaVac.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-150)
In May 2021, AKIPress reported Uzbekistan plans to use CoronaVac.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-151)
In October 2021, Singapore included CoronaVac in its National Vaccination Programme for people aged 18 and over who are ineligible for [mRNA vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") due to allergies or serious adverse reactions after the first dose.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-152)
Africa
In March, Benin received 203,000 doses of CoronaVac[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-153) and started vaccinations on 29 March prioritizing healthcare workers, people over 60, and those with co-morbidities.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ayosso-154)
In April, Botswana received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac as a donation and purchased an additional 200,000 doses[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-155) to be used in the vaccination program.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-156)
In March, Djibouti received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-157)
In April, Egypt approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-158)
In April, Guinea received 300,000 doses of CoronaVac which it had purchased.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-159)
In April, Libya received 150,000 doses of CoronaVac from Turkey.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-160)
In April, Somalia received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-161)
In July, South Africa approved CoronaVac for emergency use, and was expected to receive 2.5 million doses shortly.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-162)
In April, Togo received 200,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-163)
In March, Tunisia's Ministry of Health approved marketing authorization for CoronaVac[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Tunisia-164) and the first 200,000 doses arrived on 25 March.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-165)
In March, Zimbabwe approved emergency use[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-166) and the first 1 million doses arrived on 30 March.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-167)
Europe
In March, Albania launched its vaccination campaign using mainly CoronaVac,[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:21-168) a week after securing 1 million doses from Turkey.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-169)
By June, Northern Cyprus received 190,000 doses donated by Turkey.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:28-170)
In March, Bosnia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-171)
In June, North Macedonia received 30,000 doses donated by Turkey[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:28-170) and another 500,000 doses it purchased.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-172)
In March, Ukraine granted approval for use of CoronaVac. Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Company Lekhim has an agreement to deliver 5 million doses.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ukraine-173) 1.7 million doses had been delivered by June.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-174)
In April, Moldova purchased 400,000 doses of CoronaVac.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-175)
South America
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chegada_do_quarto_lote_com_5,5_milh%C3%B5es_de_doses_da_Vacina_do_Butantan_\(50753419378\).jpg)
São Paulo State Secretary of Health Jean Gorinchteyn (left) and Instituto Butantan chairman Dimas Covas (right) holding single-dose prefilled syringes of CoronaVac, part of the fourth shipment of Sinovac-manufactured vaccine to arrive in Brazil
In Brazil, São Paulo governor [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria") signed a \$90 million contract with Sinovac in September to receive the initial 46 million doses of CoronaVac.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-176) The price for CoronaVac was announced to be US\$10.3 (about R\$59).[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-177) In January, Brazil announced it would obtain 100 million total doses.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-178) On 17 January, Brazil's health regulatory agency [Anvisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvisa "Anvisa") approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Covid-Vaccine-179) In early February, Brazil said it intends to buy an additional 30 million doses on top of existing 100 million doses.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:22-180) A total of 39.7 million doses had been delivered by early April.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-181)
In October, Chile signed an agreement to purchase 20 million doses of CoronaVac[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-182) which was approved for emergency use on 20 January.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-183) By early March, the country had received 10 million doses of CoronaVac and had vaccinated 4.1 million people.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-184)
In February, Colombia had purchased 5 million doses and was in talks for an additional 5 million doses,[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-185) which had been approved for emergency use on 5 February.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-186)
In February, Ecuador signed a deal for 2 million doses which was approved for emergency use,[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Ecuador-187) with the first 1 million doses arrived in early April.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-188)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-189)
In March, Paraguay received a donation of 20,000 doses from Chile.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:8-190) Paraguay began vaccinations with CoronaVac on 10 March.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Paraguay-191)
In January, Uruguay purchased 1.75 million doses,[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-192) of which the first 192,000 doses arrived on 25 February and vaccinations started on 1 March.[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:16-193)
North America
By June 2021, Dominican Republic had received 7.8 million doses[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-194) of an order for 10 million doses.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:17-195)
In March 2021, El Salvador received 1 million doses of a total 2 million dose order for CoronaVac. The immunization campaign was initially focused on teachers, health professionals, firefighters, police, and military personnel. The first doses were provided to public school teachers beginning on March 30, with rollout expanding to private school teachers shortly after. Vaccination of the general public was planned for April 15, after the vaccination of the priority groups.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-:20-196)
In February 2021, Mexico approved emergency use of CoronaVac.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-197) The country had ordered 20 million doses by March 2021,[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-198) of which 7 million had been received by May.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-199)
Oceania
In March, Fiji said it would be receiving a donation of CoronaVac.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-Fiji-200)
Controversies
China state media propaganda
In January 2021, as part of a [misinformation campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China"), multiple Chinese state and CCP-affiliated media outlets, including CGTN and the *[Global Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Times "Global Times"),* have touted CoronaVac and Chinese vaccines as "relatively safer due to their mature technology". Pushing back against concerns of CoronaVac efficacy over the lack of transparency over releasing test results, China state media have raised doubts about the efficacy of the [Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine"), calling for an investigation into the deaths of elderly people in Norway and Germany after receiving the vaccine. According to Reuters, the reports made allegations of "deliberately downplaying the deaths" and "using propaganda power to promote the Pfizer vaccine and smearing Chinese vaccines".[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-wsj._Chin-201)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-202)
According to a *Ming Pao* report published on 21 March 2022, of the 1,486 who died of COVID-19 after receiving at least one dose, 1,292 of them or 87%—had gotten the Sinovac vaccine.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-203) The Centre for Health Protection's Chuang Shuk-kwan said that the *Ming Pao* report was inaccurate and has defended CorovaVac, saying "The issue is not about which jab offers more protection. The most important thing is whether you get vaccinated."[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-204) Earlier in February 2022, health authorities refused to disclose data on which COVID-19 vaccine had been taken by Omicron patients, claiming the information "was not readily available."[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-205) Hong Kong government data showed CoronaVac to be the preferred vaccine among those aged 70 and over, in part because some elderly care homes only offer this vaccine. However, CoronaVac's limited effectiveness compared to the BioNTech vaccine, along with the zero-COVID strategy, have been regarded as factors behind Hong Kong's spiking cases as of March 2022.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-hongkongfp.com-206)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-207)
Politicization
CoronaVac has been championed by the governor of [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo "São Paulo"), [João Doria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria "João Doria").[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-theg_Jair-208) A political showdown began in October 2020, when Bolsonaro vetoed a deal between the Brazilian health ministry and the São Paulo government for the purchase of 46 million doses of the vaccine.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-scmp_Chin-209) After Instituto Butantan announced CoronaVac's efficacy rate, Bolsonaro mocked the vaccine's effectiveness against COVID-19.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-www1_-210)
In March 2021, the Paraná Pesquisas opinion polling institute found that the vaccines preferred by Brazilians are CoronaVac and the [Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine"), chosen by 23.6% and 21.2% of Brazilians interviewed, respectively, against 11.3% of those who would prefer the [Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine").[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-211) During the [pandemic parliamentary inquiry in Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_CPI "COVID-19 CPI"), senators have expressed that anti-China rhetoric has contributed to delaying access to vaccines in Brazil.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-212)
Delays in releasing results
On 23 December 2020, researchers in Brazil said the vaccine was more than 50% effective, but withheld full results at Sinovac's request, raising questions about transparency as it was the third delay in releasing results from the trials.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-reut_Braz-213) Scientists said the lack of transparency risked damaging CoronaVac's credibility.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-wsj._Chin-201)
Disinformation and influence operations
A 2025 Reuters report found that the Embassy of China in Manila hired a local marketing firm to conduct a covert "[public opinion guidance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_opinion_guidance "Public opinion guidance")" influence operation that included promoting CoronaVac in the country.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac#cite_note-McPherson_2025-215)
References
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McGeever J, Fonseca P (17 January 2021). ["Brazil clears emergency use of Sinovac, AstraZeneca vaccines, shots begin"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-idUSKBN29M0M3). Reuters. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
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Further reading
- [Interim recommendations for use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, developed by Sinovac](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341454/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE-recommendation-Sinovac-CoronaVac-2021.1-eng.pdf) (PDF) (Report). [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO). May 2021.
- ["Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine"](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2021/april/5_sage29apr2021_critical-evidence_sinovac.pdf) (PDF). [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO). April 2021.
- ["COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated"](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2021/april/4_sage29apr2021_sinovac.pdf) (PDF). Sinovac. March 2021.
External links
- [Clinical Research Protocol for CoronaVac Phase III Trials in Brazil](https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13063-020-04775-4/MediaObjects/13063_2020_4775_MOESM1_ESM.pdf)
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04551547](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04551547)* for "Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated Vaccine for Prevention of COVID-19" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04456595](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04456595)* for "Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Sinovac's Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine in Healthcare Professionals (PROFISCOV)" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Clinical trial number *[NCT04651790](https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04651790)* for "Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Two Vaccination Schedules of an Inactivated Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Adults (CoronaVac3CL)" at [ClinicalTrials.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov "ClinicalTrials.gov")
- Corum J, Zimmer C (24 December 2020). ["How the Sinovac Vaccine Works"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/health/sinovac-covid-19-vaccine.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. |
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