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| Boilerpipe Text | Commonwealth Games
Games
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2018
2022
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Sports
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Basketball
Beach Volleyball
Boxing
Cricket
Cycling
Diving
Gymnastics
Hockey
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Netball
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Rugby sevens
Squash
Swimming
Shooting
Synchronised swimming
Table tennis
Tennis
Triathlon
Weightlifting
Wrestling
The
Commonwealth Games
[
a
]
is a quadrennial international
multi-sport event
that brings together athletes from across the
Commonwealth of Nations
, a political association comprising the majority of former territories of the
British Empire
. First held as the
British Empire Games
in
1930
, the event has evolved through several name changes, reflecting the changing geopolitical landscape and gradual decolonisation of the Empire. It was known as the British Empire Games until
1950
, the
British Empire and Commonwealth Games
until
1966
, and the
British Commonwealth Games
until
1974
. Since the
1978
edition, the event has been officially known as the Commonwealth Games, a name that reflects its modern identity while maintaining its historic connection to Britain. The games are also referred to as the
Friendly Games
.
[
3
]
[
4
]
The Games are overseen by the
Commonwealth Games Federation
(CGF), which determines the
sporting programme
and awards hosting rights. The event upholds its unique traditions, such as the
King's Baton Relay
and the ceremonial hoisting of the Commonwealth Games flag. It is distinguished from other international sporting competitions by its inclusivity and heritage. Athletes with a disability have been integrated as full team members since 2002, and in 2018, the Games became the first global multi-sport competition to offer equal medal events for men and women. By 2022, women's events outnumbered men's for the first time. In addition to mainstream
Olympic sports
, the Commonwealth Games includes disciplines such as
netball
, lawn
bowls
and
squash
, which enjoy particular popularity within the Commonwealth.
The origins of the Games lie in the
Inter-Empire Championships
of 1911, with
Melville Marks Robinson
playing a pivotal role in establishing the first official Games in
Hamilton
, Canada. Over time, associated events such as the
Commonwealth Youth Games
and the now-defunct
Commonwealth Paraplegic Games
have further expanded participation. Unlike the Olympics and other global competitions, the Commonwealth Games permit representation from fifteen
Commonwealth Games Associations
that are not sovereign states. These include the four
Home Nations
of the United Kingdom, the
Crown Dependencies
, several
British Overseas Territories
,
Norfolk Island
(Australia) and
Niue
(New Zealand). Notably, despite being non-sovereign,
Bermuda
,
British Virgin Islands
and
Cayman Islands
are recognised as independent National Olympic Committees by the
International Olympic Committee
.
To date, twenty cities in nine countries have hosted the Games.
Australia
leads with five editions, while both
Auckland
and
Edinburgh
have hosted twice.
Glasgow
will become the third city to do so, having held the Games in 2014 and again in
2026
. The most recent edition was held in
Birmingham
in 2022. Originally, the
2026 Commonwealth Games
were awarded to
Victoria
in Australia, but cost concerns led to the state's withdrawal. Subsequently, Glasgow was confirmed as the replacement host city. The upcoming Games will be markedly smaller in scale, featuring only ten sports. As part of a settlement agreement, the Victorian government will provide over £2 million to the Glasgow organisers.
[
5
]
[
6
]
[
7
]
[
8
]
The next edition of the Games, the twenty-third or
XXIII
, is scheduled to be held in Glasgow from 23 July to 2 August 2026, while the immediate future of the Games was secured with the announcement in 2025 that the
2030 Commonwealth Games
(which will be both the XXIV Games and the Centenary Games) has been award to
Ahmedabad
, India.
[
9
]
A sporting competition bringing together the members of the
British Empire
was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891, five years before the first modern
first modern Olympic Games
, who wrote letters and articles for several periodicals suggesting a "Pan Brittanic, Pan
Anglican
Contest every four years as a means of increasing goodwill and understanding of the British Empire."
[
10
]
John Astley Cooper Committees were formed in Australia,
New Zealand
and
South Africa
to promote the idea and inspired
Pierre de Coubertin
to start the international
Olympic Games
movement.
[
11
]
[
12
]
In 1911, an Inter-Empire Championship was held alongside the
Festival of Empire
, at
The Crystal Palace
in
London
to celebrate the
coronation of George V
, and were championed by
The Earl of Plymouth
and
Lord Desborough
.
[
13
]
[
14
]
Teams from Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom competed in events for athletics, boxing, swimming and wrestling.
[
15
]
Canada won the championships and was presented with a silver cup (gifted by
Lord Lonsdale
) which was 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) high and weighed 340 ounces (9.6 kg). A correspondent of the
Auckland Star
criticised the Games, calling them a "grievous disappointment" that were "not worthy of the title of 'Empire Sports'".
[
16
]
While planning for the
1928 Summer Olympics
in Amsterdam,
Amateur Athletic Union of Canada
executive
J. Howard Crocker
spoke with journalist
Melville Marks Robinson
of
The Hamilton Spectator
, about hosting an international sporting event in Canada. Robinson proposed and lobbied to host what became the
British Empire Games
in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1930.
[
17
]
[
18
]
Robinson then served as the manager of the Canadian track and field team for the 1930 British Empire Games.
[
18
]
Although there are 56 sovereign states that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, there are 74 active
Commonwealth Games Associations
.
[
19
]
They are divided into six regions (Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania) and each has a similar function to the
National Olympic Committees
in relation with their countries or territories. In some, like
India
and
South Africa
, the CGA functions are assumed by their NOCs.
Only six national federations have participated in every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand,
Scotland
and
Wales
. Of these six, Australia, England, Canada and New Zealand have each won at least one gold medal in every Games. Australia has been the highest-achieving team for thirteen editions of the Games, England for seven and Canada for one. These three teams also top the all-time Commonwealth Games medal table in that order.
British Empire Games (1930-1950)
[
edit
]
The
1930 British Empire Games
were the first of what later became known as the Commonwealth Games, and was held in
Hamilton
,
Ontario
, Canada from 16 to 23 August 1930 and opened by
Lord Willingdon
.
[
20
]
Eleven countries: Australia,
Bermuda
,
British Guyana
, Canada, England,
Northern Ireland
,
Newfoundland
, New Zealand,
Scotland
, South Africa and
Wales
, sent a total of 400 athletes to compete in athletics, boxing, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling. The opening and closing ceremonies as well as athletics took place at
Civic Stadium
.
[
21
]
The cost of the Games were $97,973.
[
21
]
Women competed in only the aquatic events.
[
22
]
Canadian triple jumper
Gordon Smallacombe
won the first ever gold medal in the history of the Games.
[
23
]
Opening ceremony of the
1938 British Empire Games
at the
Sydney Cricket Ground
.
The
1934 British Empire Games
were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in
London
, England. The host city was London, with the main venue at
Wembley Park
, although the track cycling events were in
Manchester
. The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to
Johannesburg
, but was given to London instead because of serious concerns about prejudice against Asian and black athletes in South Africa. The affiliation of Irish athletes at the 1934 Games representation
remains unclear
but there was no official
Irish Free State
team. Sixteen national teams took part, including new participants
Hong Kong
,
India
,
Jamaica
,
Southern Rhodesia
and
Trinidad and Tobago
.
[
24
]
The
1938 British Empire Games
were the third British Empire Games, which was held in
Sydney
,
New South Wales
, Australia. It was timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Held in the
Southern Hemisphere
for the first time, the III Games opening ceremony took place at the famed
Sydney Cricket Ground
in front of 40,000 spectators. Fifteen nations participated down under at the Sydney Games involving a total of 464 athletes and 43 officials.
Fiji
and
Ceylon
made their debuts. Seven sports were featured in the Sydney Games – athletics, boxing, cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling.
[
25
]
The
1950 British Empire Games
were the fourth edition and were held in
Auckland
, New Zealand, after a twelve-year gap from the third edition of the games. The fourth games were originally awarded to
Montreal
, Canada and was to be held in 1942, but was cancelled due to the
Second World War
. The opening ceremony at
Eden Park
was attended by 40,000 spectators, while nearly 250,000 people attended the Auckland Games. Twelve countries sent a total of 590 athletes to Auckland.
Malaya
and
Nigeria
made their first appearances.
[
26
]
British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)
[
edit
]
Statue in Vancouver commemorating the "Miracle Mile" between
Roger Bannister
and
John Landy
The fifth edition of the Games, the
1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
, were held in
Vancouver
,
British Columbia
, Canada. This was the first event since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952, the same year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The fifth edition of the Games placed Vancouver on a world stage and featured memorable sporting moments as well as outstanding entertainment, technical innovation and cultural events. The 'Miracle Mile', as it became known, saw both the gold medallist,
Roger Bannister
of England and silver medallist
John Landy
of Australia, run sub-four-minute races in an event that was televised live across the world for the first time.
Northern Rhodesia
and
Pakistan
made their debuts and both performed well, winning eight and six medals respectively.
[
27
]
3 pence British stamp with theme of
1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
,
Cardiff
, Wales
The
1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
were held in
Cardiff
, Wales. The sixth edition of the games marked the largest sporting event ever held in Wales and it was the smallest country ever to host a British Empire and Commonwealth Games.
Cardiff
had to wait twelve years longer than originally scheduled to become host of the Games, as the 1946 event was cancelled because of the
Second World War
. The Cardiff Games introduced the
Queen's Baton Relay
, which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since. Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,122 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including for the first time,
Singapore
,
Ghana
,
Kenya
and the
Isle of Man
.
[
28
]
In the run up to the Cardiff games, many leading sports stars including
Stanley Matthews
,
Jimmy Hill
and
Don Revie
were signatories in a letter to
The Times
on 17 July 1958 deploring the presence of white-only South African sports, opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games'.
[
29
]
The
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
were held in
Perth
,
Western Australia
. Thirty-five countries sent a total of 863 athletes and 178 officials to Perth.
Jersey
was among the medal winners for the first time, while
British Honduras
,
Dominica
,
Papua and New Guinea
and
St Lucia
all made their inaugural Games appearances.
Aden
also competed by special invitation.
Sarawak
,
North Borneo
and
Malaya
competed for the last time, before taking part in 1966 under the
Malaysian flag
. In addition,
Rhodesia and Nyasaland
competed in the Games as an entity for the first and only time.
[
30
]
The
1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
were held in
Kingston, Jamaica
. This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called
White Dominions
. Thirty-four nations (including
South Arabia
) competed in the
Kingston
Games, sending a total of 1,316 athletes and officials.
[
31
]
British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)
[
edit
]
The
1970 British Commonwealth Games
were held in
Edinburgh
, Scotland. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time
metric units
rather than
imperial units
were used in events, the first time the games were held in
Scotland
and also the first time that HM Queen
Elizabeth II
attended in her capacity as
Head of the Commonwealth
.
[
32
]
The
1974 British Commonwealth Games
were held in
Christchurch
, New Zealand. The event was officially named
The Friendly Games
, and was also the first edition to feature a theme song. Following the
massacre of Israeli athletes
at the
1972 Munich Olympics
, the tenth games at Christchurch were the first
multi-sport event
to place the safety of participants and spectators as its uppermost requirement. Security guards surrounded the athlete's village and there was an exceptionally high-profile police presence. Only 22 countries succeeded in winning medals from the total haul of 374 medals on offer, but first time winners included
Western Samoa
,
Lesotho
and Swaziland (since 2018 named
Eswatini
).
[
33
]
The theme song for the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was called "Join Together".
Commonwealth Games (1978-present)
[
edit
]
The
1978 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Edmonton
,
Alberta
, Canada. This event was the first to bear the current day name of the Commonwealth Games, and also marked a new high as almost 1,500 athletes from 46 countries took part. They were boycotted by
Nigeria
in protest against
New Zealand
's sporting contacts with
apartheid
-era
South Africa
, as well as by
Uganda
in protest at alleged Canadian hostilities toward the government of
Idi Amin
.
[
34
]
[
35
]
Opening ceremony of the
1982 Commonwealth Games
at
Brisbane
, Australia
The
1982 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Brisbane
,
Queensland
, Australia. Forty-six nations participated in the
Brisbane
Games with a new record total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials. As hosts, Australia headed the medal table leading the way ahead of England, Canada, Scotland and New Zealand respectively.
Zimbabwe
made its first appearance at the Games, having earlier competed as
Southern Rhodesia
and as part of
Rhodesia and Nyasaland
.
[
36
]
The theme song for the 1982 Commonwealth Games was called "You're Here To Win".
The
1986 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Edinburgh
, Scotland and were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh. Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by 32 African, Asian and Caribbean nations in protest at British Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher
's refusal to condemn sporting contacts of apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. Twenty-six nations did attend the second Edinburgh Games, and sent a total of 1,662 athletes and 461 officials.
[
37
]
The theme song for the 1986 Commonwealth Games was called "Spirit Of Youth".
The
1990 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Auckland
, New Zealand. They were the fourteenth Commonwealth Games, the third to be hosted by
New Zealand
and Auckland's second. A new record of 55 nations participated in the second Auckland Games, sending 2,826 athletes and officials.
[
38
]
Pakistan returned to the Commonwealth in 1989 after withdrawing in 1972, and competed in the 1990 Games after an absence of twenty years.
[
39
]
The theme song for the 1990 Commonwealth Games was called "This Is The Moment".
The
1994 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Victoria
,
British Columbia
, Canada. This event was the fourth to take place in Canada. The games marked another point of
South Africa
's return to the sporting atmosphere following the
apartheid
era, and over thirty years since the country last competed in the
Games in 1958
.
Namibia
made its Commonwealth Games debut following its independence from South Africa in 1990. It was also Hong Kong's last appearance at the games before the
transfer of sovereignty
from Britain to China. Sixty-three nations sent 2,557 athletes and 914 officials.
[
40
]
The theme song for the 1994 Commonwealth Games was called "Let Your Spirit Take Flight".
The
1998 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Kuala Lumpur
, Malaysia. For the first time in its 68-year history, the Commonwealth Games were held in Asia. The event was also the first Games to feature team sports (cricket, rugby 7s, netball and field hockey) along ten pin bowling and squash– an overwhelming success that added large numbers to both participant and TV audience numbers. A new record of 70 countries sent a total of 5,065 athletes and officials to the Kuala Lumpur Games. The top five countries in the medal standing were Australia, England, Canada, Malaysia (who made their best games' performance until that date) and South Africa.
Nauru
also achieved an impressive haul of three gold medals.
Cameroon
,
Mozambique
,
Kiribati
and
Tuvalu
debuted.
[
41
]
The theme song for the 1998 Commonwealth Games was called "Forever As One".
During the 21st century
[
edit
]
The
2002 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Manchester
, England. The event was hosted in England for the first time since 1934 and hosted to coincide with the
Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II
, head of the
Commonwealth
. In terms of sports and events, the 2002 event was until the 2010 edition the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports. The final medal tally was led by Australia, followed by host England and Canada. The 2002 Commonwealth Games had set a new benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy.
[
42
]
The theme song for the 2002 Commonwealth Games was called "
Where My Heart Will Take Me
".
Athletics at the
Melbourne Cricket Ground
(MCG) during the
2006 Commonwealth Games
,
Melbourne
The
2006 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Melbourne
,
Victoria, Australia
. The only difference between the
2006 games
and the
2002 games
was the absence of
Zimbabwe
, which withdrew from the
Commonwealth of Nations
after being suspended by the organization in 2002.
[
43
]
For the first time in the history of the Games the
Queen's Baton
visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 kilometres (110,000 mi). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. Again the Top 3 on the medal table is Australia, followed by England and Canada.
[
44
]
The theme song for the 2006 Commonwealth Games was called "Together We Are One".
The
2010 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Delhi
, India. The Games cost $11 billion and were the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games was held in India, also the first time that a
Commonwealth republic
hosted the games and the second time it was held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71
Commonwealth nations and dependencies
competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final
medal tally
was led by
Australia
. The host nation India achieved its
best performance ever in any sporting event
, finishing second overall.
[
45
]
Rwanda
made its Games debut.
[
46
]
The theme song for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was called "Live, Rise, Ascend, Win".
The
2014 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Glasgow
, Scotland. These games were the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports, outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in
Edinburgh
, capital city of Scotland.
Usain Bolt
competed in the
4×100 metres relay
of the 2014 Commonwealth Games and set a
Commonwealth Games record
with his teammates.
[
47
]
The Games received acclaim for their organisation, attendance, and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland, with the CGF chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as "the standout games in the history of the movement".
[
48
]
Cycling event during the
2014 Commonwealth Games
hosted in
Glasgow
, Scotland
The
2018 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Gold Coast
,
Queensland
, Australia, the fifth time Australia hosted the Games. There were an equal number of events for men and women, the first time in history that a major multi-sport event had equality in terms of events.
[
49
]
[
50
]
The
2022 Commonwealth Games
were held in
Birmingham
, England. It was the third Commonwealth Games to be hosted in England, following
London 1934
and
Manchester 2002
.
[
51
]
The 2022 Commonwealth Games coincided with the
Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II
and the tenth anniversary of the
2012 Summer Olympics
and the
2012 Summer Paralympics
, both staged in
London
. The 2022 Commonwealth Games was the last edition to be held under Queen Elizabeth II, before her
death
on 8 September 2022.
On 16 February 2022, it was announced that the
2026 Commonwealth Games
would be held for a record sixth time in
Australia
, but for the first time they would be decentralised, as the state of
Victoria
signed as host 'city'. The event were to have four regional clusters mainly focused in
Bendigo
region, and another three regional centres. However, in July 2023, the Victorian Premier
Daniel Andrews
announced that Victoria would no longer host the 2026 Games.
[
52
]
The Scottish government later agreed to hold the 2026 games in Glasgow, following Victoria's cancellation, however the games will be "scaled down" with only 10 sports being staged in four venues, and a commitment that public funds would not be required.
[
53
]
The 2026 Commonwealth Games will be the first held under the reign of
King Charles III
.
The three nations to have hosted the Commonwealth Games the most times are Australia (5), Canada (4) and New Zealand (3). With the 2022 games, England increased its number to three. Three games have been hosted in
Scotland
, one in
Wales
, two in Asia (
Malaysia
(1) and
India
(1)) and one in the Caribbean (
Jamaica
(1)).
[
54
]
The event has been awarded to, but never been held in, Africa, with
Durban
being stripped of the 2022 Games following financial issues.
Athletes of the
1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games
at
Perth
The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international,
multi-sport event
involving athletes with a disability from the
Commonwealth countries
. The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with
spinal injuries
or
polio
. The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974.
[
55
]
The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes. The countries that had hosted the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were Australia, Jamaica, Scotland and New Zealand in
1962
,
1966
,
1970
and
1974
. Six countries – Australia, England, New Zealand,
Northern Ireland
,
Scotland
and
Wales
— had been represented at all Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Australia and England had been
[
citation needed
]
the top-ranking nation two times each:
1962
,
1974
and
1966
,
1970
.
[
citation needed
]
Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games
[
edit
]
Athletes with a disability were then first included the
1994 Commonwealth Games
in
Victoria, British Columbia
when this events was added to athletics and lawn bowls,
[
56
]
As at
2002 Commonwealth Games
in Manchester, England, they were included as compulsory events, making them the first fully
inclusive
international multi-sport games. This meant that results were included in the medal count and the athletes are full members of each country delegation.
[
57
]
During the 2007 General Assembly of the
Commonwealth Games Federation
(CGF) at
Colombo
,
Sri Lanka
, the
International Paralympic Committee
(IPC) and CGF signed a co-operative agreement to ensure a formal institutional relationship between the two bodies and secure the future participation of elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in future Commonwealth Games.
Then, IPC President
Philip Craven
said during the General Assembly:
"We look forward to working with CGF to develop the possibilities of athletes with a disability at the Commonwealth Games and within the Commonwealth. This partnership will help to galvanize Paralympic sports development in Commonwealth countries/territories and seek to create and promote greater opportunities in sport for athletes with a disability".
The co-operation agreement outlined the strong partnership between the IPC and the CGF. It recognised the IPC as the respective sport body and have the function to oversee the co-ordination and delivery of the Commonwealth Games EAD sports programme and committed both organisations to work together in supporting the growth of the Paralympic and Commonwealth Games Movements.
[
58
]
St. Moritz
, the venue for all three Winter Games from 1958 to 1966
The
Commonwealth Winter Games
was a
multi-sport event
comprising
winter sports
, last held in 1970. Four editions of the Games have been staged. The
Commonwealth Winter Games
were designed as a counterbalance to the Commonwealth Games, which focuses on summer sports, to accompany the
Winter Olympics
and
Summer Olympic Games
. The winter Games were founded by
T.D. Richardson
.
[
59
]
The 1958 Commonwealth Winter Games were held in
St. Moritz
, Switzerland and was the inaugural games for the winter edition.
[
60
]
[
61
]
The 1962 Games were also held in St. Moritz, complementing the
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
in
Perth
, Australia, and the 1966 event was held in St. Moritz as well, following the 1970 edition, the idea was discontinued.
[
62
]
The
Commonwealth Youth Games
is an international
multi-sport event
organised by the
Commonwealth Games Federation
. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The
Commonwealth Games Federation
discussed the idea of a Millennium
Commonwealth Youth Games
in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in
Edinburgh
, Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.
[
63
]
Commonwealth Games Federation
[
edit
]
Headquarters of the
CGF
at the Commonwealth House (centre) in London
The
Commonwealth Games Federation
(CGF) is the international organisation responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games and
Commonwealth Youth Games
, and is the foremost authority in matters relating to the games.
[
64
]
The Commonwealth House in London, England hosts the headquarters of CGF.
[
65
]
The Commonwealth House also hosts the headquarters of the
Royal Commonwealth Society
and the
Commonwealth Local Government Forum
.
[
66
]
[
67
]
The Commonwealth Games Movement is made of three major elements:
International Federations
(IFs) are the
governing bodies
that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Basketball Federation (
FIBA
) is the international governing body for basketball.
[
68
]
Commonwealth Games Associations
(CGAs) represent and regulate the Commonwealth Games Movement within each country and perform similar functions as the
National Olympic Committees
. For example, the
Commonwealth Games England
(CGE) is the CGA of England. There are currently 72 CGAs recognised by the CGF.
[
69
]
Organising Committees for the Commonwealth Games (OCCWGs) are temporary committees responsible for the organisation of each Commonwealth Games. OCCWGs are dissolved after each Games once the final report is delivered to the CGF.
English is the official language of the Commonwealth. The other language used at each Commonwealth Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these two (or more) languages. If the host country does this, it is their responsibility to choose the language{s) and their order.
[
70
]
The
Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay
for the
2002 Commonwealth Games
The King's Baton Relay is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The Baton carries a message from the
Head of the Commonwealth
. The Relay traditionally begins at
Buckingham Palace
in London as a part of the city's
Commonwealth Day
festivities. The King entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the Opening Ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the baton back to the King or his representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games. The King's Baton Relay is similar to the
Olympic Torch Relay
.
[
71
]
The Relay was introduced at the
1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
in
Cardiff
, Wales as the Queen's Baton Relay. Up until, and including, the
1994 Commonwealth Games
, the Relay only went through England and the host nation. The Relay for the
1998 Commonwealth Games
in
Kuala Lumpur
, Malaysia was the first to travel to other nations of the Commonwealth.
The
Queen's Baton Relay
for the
2018 Commonwealth Games
held on the
Gold Coast
, Australia, was the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering 230,000 km (150,000 miles) over 388 days, the Baton made its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. For the first time, the Queen's Baton was presented at the Commonwealth Youth Games during its
sixth edition
in 2017, which were held in
Nassau
,
Bahamas
.
[
72
]
Opening ceremony of the
2006 Commonwealth Games
at
Melbourne
The opening ceremony typically starts with the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem. The flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation, flag of the last hosting nation and the next hosting nation are also hosted during the opening ceremony. The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance and theatre representative of its culture. The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the Delhi Games reportedly cost $70 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment.
[
73
]
After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. The last hosting nation is traditionally the first nation to enter. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetical or continental wise with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. Speeches are given, formally opening the Games. Finally, the
King's Baton
is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final baton carrier, often a successful Commonwealth athlete from the host nation, who hands it over to the
Head of the Commonwealth
or his representative.
Closing ceremony of the
2010 Commonwealth Games
at Delhi
The closing ceremony of the Commonwealth Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. The president of the organising committee and the CGF president make their closing speeches and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organised the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theatre representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games.
[
74
]
At the closing ceremony of every Commonwealth Games, the CGF President makes an award and presents a trophy to one athlete who has competed with particular distinction and honour both in terms of athletic performance and overall contribution to his or her team. Athletes are nominated by their Commonwealth Games Association at the end of the final day of competition and the winner is selected by a panel comprising the CGF President and representatives from each of the six Commonwealth Regions. The '
David Dixon Award
' as it is called was introduced in
Manchester 2002
, after the late David Dixon, former Honorary Secretary of the
CGF
, in honour of his monumental contribution to Commonwealth sport for many years.
[
75
]
A medal ceremony is held after each event is concluded. The winner, second and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. After the medals are given out by a CGF member, the national flags of the three medallists are raised while the
national anthem
of the gold medallist's country plays. Volunteering citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies, as they aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag-bearers.
"
God Save the King
" is an official or
national anthem
of
multiple Commonwealth countries
and dependent territories. As a result, and due to the
countries of the United Kingdom
competing individually, its use is prohibited during official events, medal ceremonies or before matches in team events.
[
76
]
With the revision of this rule made before the 2010 Games, some national anthems used were changed and in some cases they differ from a currently-eligible country's national or official anthem(s):
Country
Anthem used at the Commonwealth Games
National Anthem(s)/Official Anthem(s)
Anguilla
"
God Bless Anguilla
"
"
God Save the King
"
Bermuda
"
Hail to Bermuda
"
British Virgin Islands
"
Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands
"
Cayman Islands
"
Beloved Isle Cayman
"
England
"
Land of Hope and Glory
" (until 2010)
"
Jerusalem
" (since 2010)
[
77
]
None
; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom
Falkland Islands
"
Song of the Falklands
"
"God Save the King"
Gibraltar
"
Gibraltar Anthem
"
Guernsey
"
Sarnia Cherie
"
Jersey
"
Island Home
"
Montserrat
"
Motherland
"
New Zealand
"
God Defend New Zealand
"
"God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)
[
78
]
"God Save the King"
Niue
"
Ko e Iki he Lagi (Lord in Heaven, Thou art merciful)
"
"God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)
[
78
]
"God Save the King"
Norfolk Island
"
Come Ye Blessed
"
"
Advance Australia Fair
"
Northern Ireland
"
Londonderry Air
"
None
; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom
Saint Helena
"
My Saint Helena Island
"
"God Save the King"
Scotland
"
Scotland the Brave
" (until 2010)
"
Flower of Scotland
" (since 2010)
[
79
]
None
; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom
Turks and Caicos Islands
"
This Land of Ours
"
"God Save the King"
Wales
"
Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Land of my Fathers)
"
"God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom
List of Commonwealth Games
[
edit
]
1930
1954
1966
1978
1994
Host cities of Commonwealth Games
(Canada and Caribbean)
1934
1958
1970
,
1986
2002
2014
,
2026
2022
Host cities of Commonwealth Games
(Great Britain)
1938
1950, 1990
1962
1974
1982
2006
2018
Host cities of Commonwealth Games
(Australia, New Zealand and Oceania)
2010
1998
2030
Host cities of Commonwealth Games
(Asia)
Overview of Commonwealth Games
Year
Edition
Host city
Host Association
Opened by
Sports
Events
Associations
Start date
End date
Competitors
Top Association
Ref
1930
I
Hamilton
Canada
Viscount Willingdon
6
59
11
16 August
23 August
400
England
[2]
1934
II
London
England
King George V
6
68
16
4 August
11 August
500
England
[3]
1938
III
Sydney
Australia
Lord Wakehurst
7
71
15
5 February
12 February
464
Australia
[4]
1942
–
Montreal
Canada
Cancelled due to
World War II
[
80
]
1946
–
Cardiff
Wales
1950
IV
Auckland
New Zealand
Sir Bernard Freyberg
9
88
12
4 February
11 February
590
Australia
[5]
1954
V
Vancouver
Canada
Earl Alexander of Tunis
9
91
24
30 July
7 August
662
England
[6]
1958
VI
Cardiff
Wales
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
9
94
36
18 July
26 July
1,122
England
[7]
1962
VII
Perth
Australia
9
104
35
22 November
1 December
863
Australia
[8]
1966
VIII
Kingston
Jamaica
9
110
34
4 August
13 August
1,050
England
[9]
1970
IX
Edinburgh
Scotland
9
121
42
16 July
25 July
1,383
Australia
[10]
1974
X
Christchurch
New Zealand
9
121
38
24 January
2 February
1,276
Australia
[11]
1978
XI
Edmonton
Canada
Queen Elizabeth II
10
128
46
3 August
12 August
1,474
Canada
[12]
1982
XII
Brisbane
Australia
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
10
142
46
30 September
9 October
1,583
Australia
[13]
1986
XIII
Edinburgh
Scotland
Queen Elizabeth II
10
163
26
24 July
2 August
1,662
England
[14]
1990
XIV
Auckland
New Zealand
Prince Edward
10
204
55
24 January
3 February
2,073
Australia
[15]
1994
XV
Victoria
Canada
Queen Elizabeth II
10
217
63
18 August
28 August
2,557
Australia
[16]
1998
XVI
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
King Tuanku Jaafar
15
213
70
11 September
21 September
3,633
Australia
[17]
2002
XVII
Manchester
England
Queen Elizabeth II
17
281
72
25 July
4 August
3,679
Australia
[18]
2006
XVIII
Melbourne
Australia
17
245
71
15 March
26 March
4,049
Australia
[19]
2010
XIX
Delhi
India
President Pratibha Patil
and
Charles, Prince of Wales
17
272
71
3 October
14 October
4,352
Australia
[20]
2014
XX
Glasgow
Scotland
Queen Elizabeth II
18
261
71
23 July
3 August
4,947
England
[21]
2018
XXI
Gold Coast
Australia
Charles, Prince of Wales
18
275
71
4 April
15 April
4,426
Australia
[22]
2022
XXII
Birmingham
England
20
283
72
28 July
8 August
5,054
Australia
[23]
2026
XXIII
Glasgow
Scotland
King Charles III
(expected)
10
215
74
23 July
2 August
~3,000
TBC
[24]
2030
XXIV
Ahmedabad
India
16th
President of India
(expected)
TBD
*Note : Nations in
italics
no longer participate at the Commonwealth Games.
Updated after
2022 Commonwealth Games
.
^[a]
Totals for
Ghana
include all medals won as
Gold Coast
^[b]
Totals for
Zimbabwe
include all medals won as
Southern Rhodesia
^[c]
Totals for
Zambia
include all medals won as
Northern Rhodesia
^[d]
Totals for
Sri Lanka
include all medals won as
Ceylon
^[e]
Totals for
Guyana
include all medals won as
British Guiana
Medal leaders by year
[
edit
]
Commonwealth sports
[
edit
]
Unlike other sporting events, the Commonwealth Games have a flexible sporting programme that respects the infrastructure and demands of the host city. This is also reflected in its holding dates, which may vary according to the weather conditions of each host city. Therefore, the programme for each edition could varies. Between 1930 and 1994, only individual events were part of the programme and it was only in 1998 that authorisation was given for the addition of team sports. It is common for each edition since then to have a list of seven to ten mandatory sports that must be played in this edition and must be approved 4 years in advance. Thus, the minimum number of sports per edition is 10 and the maximum is of 17. However, local demands can also increase the number of sports contested. Notable cases are freestyle wrestling in Delhi 2010 and beach volleyball in Gold Coast 2018. Special exceptions can also be made, such as the one in the last edition held in Birmingham, England, in which 3 extra sports were added to the programme.
[
81
]
The current rules also determine gender parity, whereby men and women have an equal (or broadly equal) share of events.
[
82
]
[
83
]
This rule was not exceptionally applied to the 2026 Games, as Glasgow took over as host on an emergency basis. As a result, the program will feature only 10 sports—the fewest number since the 1994 Games:
[
84
]
There are a total of 23 sports (with three multi-disciplinary sports) and a ten
para-sports
which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation.
Sport
Type
Years
Archery
Core
1982, 2010
Athletics
Core
1930–present
Para Athletics
Core
1994, 2002–present
[
85
]
Badminton
Optional
1966–2022
Basketball
2006, 2018
Basketball 3x3
Optional
2022–present
Boxing
Optional
1930–present
Cricket
Optional
1998, 2022
Cycling (Mountain Bike)
Optional
[
86
]
2002–2006, 2014–present
Cycling (Para Track)
Optional
[
86
]
2014–present
Cycling (Road)
Optional
[
86
]
1938–present
Cycling (Track)
Optional
[
86
]
1934–present
Diving
Optional
1930–2022
Hockey
Optional
1998–2022
Gymnastics (Artistic)
Optional
1978, 1990–present
Gymnastics (Rhythmic)
Optional
1978, 1990–1998, 2006–present
Judo
Optional
1990, 2002, 2014 (Optional), 2022-present
Lawn bowls
Optional
1930–1962, 1970–present
Sport
Type
Years
Para lawn bowls
Optional
1994, 2002, 2014–present
[
85
]
Netball (Women)
Optional
1998–present
Powerlifting
Optional
2002–present
[
85
]
Rugby sevens
Optional
1998–2022
Shooting
Optional
1966, 1974–2018
Squash
Optional
1998–2022
Swimming
Core
1930–present
Para swimming
Core
2002–present
[
85
]
Table tennis
optional
[
86
]
2002–2022
Para table tennis
Optional
[
86
]
2002–2022
Triathlon
Optional
[
86
]
2002–2006, 2014–2022
Volleyball (beach)
Optional
2018–2022
Weightlifting
Optional
1950–present
Wrestling (Freestyle)
Optional
[
86
]
1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022
In 2015, the Commonwealth Games Federation agreed large changes to the programme which increased the number of core sports, while removing a number of optionals, those removed are listed below.
[
87
]
Sport
Type
Years
Canoeing
Optional
Never
[
88
]
Rowing
Optional
1930, 1938–1962, 1986
Sailing
Optional
Never
Softball
Optional
Never
Synchronised swimming
Optional
Core between 1986 and 2006
Sport
Type
Years
Taekwondo
Optional
Never
Tennis
Optional
2010
Ten-pin bowling
Optional
1998
Wrestling (Greco-Roman)
Optional
2010
Sports such as the following are sports which have been analysed by the Commonwealth Games Federation but which are deemed to need expansion in areas such as participation levels within the Commonwealth both at a national (International Federation) and grassroots athletics level, Marketability, Television Rights, Equity, and Hosting Expenses, per Regulation 6 of the Commonwealth Games Constitution;
[
89
]
host nations may not pick these sports for their program until the Federation's requirements are fulfilled.
[
90
]
Sport
Type
Years
Billiards
Recognised
Never
Fencing
Recognised
1950–1970
Association Football
Recognised
Never
Golf
Recognised
2026
Handball
Recognised
Never
Sport
Type
Years
Life saving
Recognised
Never
Rugby league
Recognised
Never
Volleyball
(indoor)
Recognised
Never
Water Polo
Recognised
1950
Participating nations
[
edit
]
Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales. Australia has been the highest scoring team for thirteen games, England for seven, and Canada for one.
Countries that have hosted, or plan to host, the event
Other countries that enter the games
Countries that have entered the games but no longer do so
•
Host cities and year of games
Nation
Years of participation
Aden
[
b
]
1962
Anguilla
[
c
]
1998–
Australasia
1911
Antigua and Barbuda
1966–1970, 1978, 1994–
Australia
1930–
Bahamas
1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–
Bangladesh
1978, 1990–
Barbados
1954–1982, 1990–
Belize
[
d
]
1978, 1994–
Bermuda
1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990–
Botswana
1974, 1982–
British Guiana
[
e
]
1930–1938, 1954–1962
British Honduras
[
d
]
1962–1966
British Virgin Islands
1990–
Brunei Darussalam
1990–
Cameroon
1998–
Canada
1911, 1930–
Cayman Islands
1978–
Ceylon
[
f
]
1938–1950, 1958–1970
Cook Islands
1974–1978, 1986–
Cyprus
1978–1982, 1990–
Dominica
1958–1962, 1970, 1994–
England
1930–
Eswatini
2022–
Falkland Islands
1982–
Fiji
[
h
]
1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014–
Gabon
2026–
Gambia
[
i
]
1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018–
Ghana
[
j
]
1958–1982, 1990–
Gibraltar
1958–
Gold Coast
[
j
]
1954
Grenada
1970–1982, 1998–
Guernsey
[
k
]
1970–
Guyana
[
e
]
1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–
Hong Kong
[
l
]
1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994
India
1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990–
Ireland
[
m
]
[
n
]
1930
Irish Free State
[
m
]
1934
Isle of Man
1958–
Jamaica
1934, 1954–1982, 1990–
Jersey
[
k
]
1958–
Kenya
1954–1982, 1990–
Kiribati
1998–
Lesotho
1974–
Malawi
1970–
Malaya
[
o
]
1950, 1958–1962
Malaysia
1966–1982, 1990–
Maldives
[
x
]
1986–2014, 2022–
Malta
1958–1962, 1970, 1982–
Nation
Years of participation
Mauritius
1958–1982, 1990–
Montserrat
1994–
Mozambique
1998–
Namibia
1994–
Nauru
1990–
Newfoundland
[
p
]
1930–1934
New Zealand
1930–
Nigeria
1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002–
Niue
2002–
Norfolk Island
1986–
[
96
]
North Borneo
[
o
]
1958–1962
Northern Ireland
[
m
]
[
q
]
1934–1938, 1954–
Northern Rhodesia
[
r
]
[
s
]
1954–1958
Pakistan
1954–1970, 1990–
Papua New Guinea
1962–1982, 1990–
Rhodesia and Nyasaland
[
r
]
[
s
]
1962
Rwanda
2010–
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
[
c
]
1978
Saint Helena
[
t
]
1982, 1998–
Saint Kitts and Nevis
[
c
]
1990–
Saint Lucia
1962, 1970, 1978, 1994–
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1958, 1966–1978, 1994–
Samoa
[
u
]
1998–
Sarawak
[
o
]
1958–1962
Scotland
1930–
Seychelles
1990–
Sierra Leone
1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990–
Singapore
[
o
]
1958–
Solomon Islands
1982, 1990–
South Africa
1911–1958, 1994–
South Arabia
[
b
]
1966
Southern Rhodesia
[
r
]
[
s
]
1934–1958
Sri Lanka
1974–1982, 1990–
Swaziland
[
g
]
1970–2018
Tanganyika
[
v
]
1962
Tanzania
1966–1982, 1990–
Togo
2026–
Tonga
1974, 1982, 1990–
Trinidad and Tobago
1934–1982, 1990–
Turks and Caicos Islands
1978, 1998–
Tuvalu
2002–
Uganda
1954–1974, 1982, 1990–
United Kingdom
1911
[
y
]
Vanuatu
1982–
Wales
1930–
Western Samoa
[
u
]
1974–1994
Zambia
[
s
]
1970–1982, 1990–
Zimbabwe
[
w
]
1982, 1990–2002
Commonwealth nations yet to send teams
[
edit
]
Very few Commonwealth nations and dependencies have yet to take part:
[
98
]
[
99
]
[
100
]
Gabon
and
Togo
, the most recent members to join the Commonwealth in 2022, became part of the
Commonwealth Games Federation
in 2023 and are expected to make their debut in the 2026 edition.
[
101
]
Tokelau
, a dependency of
New Zealand
, was expected to take part for the first time at the 2010 Games in Delhi but did not do so.
[
102
]
In 2018, Tokelau was noted to be ineligible for the Commonwealth Games until it became affiliated to at least five
international sport federations
.
[
103
]
Christmas Island
and the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
, both
external territories
of Australia like
Norfolk Island
, have not yet sent teams of their own.
The
Pitcairn Islands
, a
British Overseas Territory
, does not compete due to its small population (around 50 people).
[
104
]
Other inhabited territories and
autonomous regions
within the Commonwealth, such as
Ascension Island
and
Tristan da Cunha
(parts of the British Overseas Territory of
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
),
Nevis
(a federal entity of the
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
),
Rodrigues
(an
outer island
of
Mauritius
), and
Zanzibar
(a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania), are not considered to be separate associated or overseas territories by the Commonwealth
[
98
]
and so are unlikely to be eligible.
Rejected participants
[
edit
]
Campaigners from the
English county
of
Cornwall
asked the
Commonwealth Games Federation
to allow Cornwall to participate independently in the 2006 Games, but were rejected by the CGF, which stated that "Cornwall is no more than an English county" and advised Cornwall athletes to compete on the
England
team.
[
105
]
[
106
]
Cornwall political party
Mebyon Kernow
unsuccessfully called for a Cornwall team at the 2022 Games.
[
107
]
The
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
applied to take part in the 2006 Games, but was rejected due to a lack of
international recognition
.
[
105
]
The
1934 British Empire Games
, originally awarded in 1930 to
Johannesburg
, were moved to London after South Africa's pre-
apartheid
government refused to allow participants of colour.
[
108
]
The
2022 Commonwealth Games
were originally awarded to
Durban
on 2 September 2015, at the
CGF
General Assembly in
Auckland
.
[
109
]
It was reported in February 2017 that Durban may be unable to host the games due to financial constraints. On 13 March 2017, the CGF stripped Durban of their rights to host and reopened the bidding process for the 2022 games.
[
110
]
Many cities from Australia, Canada, England and Malaysia expressed interest to host the games. However, the CGF received only one official bid and that was from
Birmingham
, England.
[
111
]
On 21 December 2017,
Birmingham
was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban's replacement host.
[
112
]
A joint bid from 6 cities of the
Victoria State
in Australia was selected to host the
2026 Commonwealth Games
. On 18 July 2023, the Premier of Victoria
Dan Andrews
announced that the state was giving up on hosting the event due a significant increase in event forecast. Initial costs estimated an investment of approximately
A$
2.6 billion, but the new prospects were resulting to be closer to A$6–7 billion.
[
113
]
[
114
]
On 18 July 2023, the
Victorian state government
announced it had cancelled its plans to host the games, citing an escalation in its cost projections relative to initial estimations. With no host city, there was a possibility that the games would be postponed to 2027 or cancelled.
[
115
]
[
116
]
[
117
]
However, on 17 September 2024, it was announced that the Scottish Government had agreed to host the 2026 games in
Glasgow
.
[
118
]
Much like the
Olympic Games
, the Commonwealth Games have also experienced boycotts:
Nigeria
boycotted the
1978 Commonwealth Games
at
Edmonton
in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with
apartheid
-era South Africa.
Uganda
also stayed away, in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of
Idi Amin
.
[
34
]
[
119
]
Countries that boycotted the 1986 Games are shaded red
During the
1986 Commonwealth Games
at
Edinburgh
, a majority of the Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the
Thatcher
government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with
apartheid South Africa
in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.
[
120
]
The boycotting nations were
Antigua and Barbuda
,
Barbados
,
Bahamas
,
Bangladesh
,
Bermuda
,
Belize
,
Cyprus
,
Dominica
,
Gambia
,
Ghana
,
Guyana
,
Grenada
,
India
,
Jamaica
,
Kenya
,
Malaysia
,
Nigeria
,
Pakistan
,
Papua New Guinea
,
Solomon Islands
,
Sri Lanka
,
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
,
Sierra Leone
,
St. Kitts and Nevis
,
St. Lucia
,
Mauritius
,
Trinidad and Tobago
,
Tanzania
,
Turks and Caicos Islands
,
Uganda
,
Zambia
and
Zimbabwe
.
[
121
]
Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.
[
122
]
The
1982 Commonwealth Games
in
Brisbane
took place amid mass protests for
Australian Aboriginal
rights. The controversial
Joh Bjelke-Petersen
state government had been repeatedly been challenged by the
Queensland Council for Civil Liberties
over the restrictions it placed on freedom of speech, freedom of association and freedom to protest. The
Government of Queensland
did not recognise Aboriginal land rights. Queensland also placed severe legal restrictions on Aboriginal people through the "Aboriginal Act 1971".
Aboriginal activists including
Gary Foley
planned mass demonstrations in
Brisbane
during the week of the games, dubbed the "Stolenwealth Games". In response, Queensland passed "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" to restrict protests in or near the event. When Aboriginal activists and their supporters marched anyway, hundreds were arrested. The protests were recorded in the documentary "Guniwaya Ngigu".
Further "Stolenwealth Games" protests took place during the
2006 Commonwealth Games
in
Melbourne
and
2018 Commonwealth Games
on the
Gold Coast
.
[
123
]
Financial implications
[
edit
]
The estimated cost of the
2010 Commonwealth Games
in Delhi was US$11 billion, according to
Business Today
magazine.
[
124
]
The initial total budget estimated by the
Indian Olympic Association
in 2003 was US$250 million. In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated US$1.8 billion, a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development.
[
125
]
The 2010 Commonwealth Games is reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.
[
126
]
An analysis conducted by
PricewaterhouseCoopers
on the
2002
,
2006
,
2014
and
2018
Commonwealth Games found that each dollar spent by governments on operating costs, games venues and athletes' villages generated US$2 for the host city or state economies, with an average of more than 18,000 jobs generated by each of the events.
[
127
]
[
128
]
Additionally, all four cities enjoyed long-term improvements to transport or other infrastructure through hosting the Games, while some also benefited from the revival of struggling precincts.
[
129
]
An analysis conducted by
Ernst & Young
found that the
2018 Commonwealth Games
generated an estimated economic impact of $2.5 billion, while the venues constructed and upgraded for the Games generated over $60 million in economic benefit annually to the Gold Coast, with the success of the 2018 Commonwealth Games credited with helping Brisbane to secure hosting rights for the
2032 Summer Olympics
.
[
130
]
[
131
]
Notable competitors
[
edit
]
Lawn bowler
Willie Wood
from
Scotland
was the first competitor to have competed in seven Commonwealth Games, from 1974 to 2002, a record equalled in 2014 by
Isle of Man
cyclist
Andrew Roche
.
[
132
]
They have both been surpassed by
David Calvert
of
Northern Ireland
who in 2018 attended his 11th games.
[
133
]
Sitiveni Rabuka
was a Prime Minister of
Fiji
. Beforehand he represented Fiji in shot put, hammer throw, discus and the decathlon at the 1974
British Commonwealth Games
held in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Greg Yelavich
, a sports shooter from New Zealand, has won 12 medals in seven games from 1986 to 2010.
[
134
]
Lawn bowler
Robert Weale
has represented Wales in 8 Commonwealth Games, 1986–2014, winning 2 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze.
[
135
]
Nauruan weightlifter
Marcus Stephen
won twelve medals at the Games between 1990 and 2002, of which seven gold, and was elected
President of Nauru
in 2007. His performance has helped place Nauru (the smallest independent state in the Commonwealth, at 21 km
2
(8.1 sq mi) and with a population of fewer than 9,400 in 2011) in twenty-second place on the
all-time Commonwealth Games medal table
.
[
citation needed
]
Australian swimmer
Ian Thorpe
has won 10 Commonwealth Games gold medals and 1 silver medal. At the
1998 Commonwealth Games
in Kuala Lumpur, he won 4 gold medals. At the
2002 Commonwealth Games
in Manchester, he won 6 gold medals and 1 silver medal.
[
136
]
Chad le Clos
, South Africa's most decorated swimmer, has won 18 medals from four Commonwealth Games (2010, 2014, 2018 & 2022), seven of which are gold. At the
2014 Commonwealth Games
in Glasgow, he won two gold medals, one silver medal, and four bronze medals.
[
137
]
At the
2018 Commonwealth Games
in
Gold Coast
, he won three golds, a silver and a bronze.
[
138
]
English actor
Jason Statham
took part as a diver in the 1990 Commonwealth Games.
[
139
]
At the
2022 Commonwealth Games
in
Birmingham
, Australian singer
Cody Simpson
won a gold medal as a swimmer at the
men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
and a silver at the
men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
.
[
140
]
The
BBC
was the principal broadcaster from 1954 to 2022 apart from the first four editions in 1930, 1934, 1938 and 1950. On 19 December 2025, it is announced that the
2026 Commonwealth Games
in Glasgow will be shown live on
TNT Sports
for the first time on paywall television instead on free-to-air television.
Commonwealth Youth Games
Commonwealth Mountain and Ultradistance Running Championships
List of Commonwealth Games venues
List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games
List of Commonwealth Games mascots
^
Which also refers itself as the
Comm Games
.
[
1
]
[
2
]
^
a
b
c
d
Aden later joined South Arabia in 1963 and departed the Commonwealth in 1967.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Anguilla was completely separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1980 and remaining Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent from the United Kingdom in 1983.
^
a
b
c
d
British Honduras was renamed Belize in 1973.
^
a
b
c
d
British Guiana was renamed Guyana in 1966.
^
a
b
c
Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
^
a
b
c
Swaziland was renamed Eswatini in 2018.
^
a
b
Fiji was re-suspended from the Commonwealth and the 2010 Games in 2009.
[
91
]
Fiji's suspension from the Commonwealth was lifted in time for the 2014 Games following
democratic elections
in March 2014.
^
a
b
The Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2013, but rejoined on 8 February 2018; The Gambia was readmitted to the
Commonwealth Games Federation
in March 2018.
^
a
b
c
d
Gold Coast (British colony) was renamed Ghana in 1957.
^
a
b
c
d
Including neighbouring Islands.
^
a
b
Hong Kong was never a Commonwealth member but was a territory of a Commonwealth country; it ceased to be in the Commonwealth when the territory was
handed over
to China in 1997.
^
a
b
c
d
e
Ireland was represented as a single team from the whole of the
island
in 1930, and by two teams, representing the Irish Free State, and Northern Ireland in 1934. The Irish Free State was officially renamed
Éire
in 1937 but did not participate in the 1938 Games, and withdrew from the Commonwealth when it unilaterally declared that it was the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949.
^
a
b
Contemporary illustrations show Green Flag used for the Irish team.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore federated as Malaysia in 1963. Singapore was expelled from the federation in 1965, becoming a sovereign country.
^
a
b
Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.
[
95
]
^
a
b
The
Ulster Banner
was the flag of the former Government of Northern Ireland only between 1953 and 1972, but the flag has been regarded as flag of Northern Ireland since 1924 among
unionists
and
loyalists
. The Ulster Banner is the sporting flag of Northern Ireland in other events such as the
FIFA World Cup
and in the
FIVB Volleyball World Championship
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia competed separately in 1954 and 1958 while both were part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia federated with Nyasaland in 1953 as
Rhodesia and Nyasaland
, which dissolved at the end of 1963 and became Zambia in 1964.
^
a
b
Under the name of "
Saint Helena
" in the Commonwealth Games.
[
97
]
Ascension Island
and
Tristan da Cunha
were dependencies of Saint Helena, so the territory was officially called "Saint Helena and Dependencies" until 2009. Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha became equal parts of
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
in 2009.
^
a
b
c
d
Western Samoa was renamed Samoa in 1997.
^
a
b
Zanzibar and Tanganyika federated to form Tanzania in 1964.
^
a
b
Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003.
^
The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2016,
[
92
]
but was re-admitted in 2020.
[
93
]
[
94
]
^
United Kingdom were the host of the Inter-Empire Championships in 1911. This event was held before the 1st edition of the Games held in Hamilton, Canada in 1930.
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Online.
insidethegames – the latest and most up to date news and interviews from the world of Olympic, Commonwealth and Paralympic Games
ATR – Around the Rings – the Business Surrounding the Multi-sport events
GamesBids.com – An Authoritative Review of Games Bid Business (home of the BidIndex™) |
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games)
- [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#History)
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- [1\.1 Editions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Editions)
- [1\.1.1 British Empire Games (1930-1950)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#British_Empire_Games_\(1930-1950\))
- [1\.1.2 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games_\(1954-1966\))
- [1\.1.3 British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#British_Commonwealth_Games_\(1970-1974\))
- [1\.1.4 Commonwealth Games (1978-present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Commonwealth_Games_\(1978-present\))
- [1\.1.5 During the 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#During_the_21st_century)
- [1\.2 Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Paraplegic_Games)
- [1\.2.1 Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Inclusion_of_disabled_athletes_in_Commonwealth_Games)
- [1\.3 Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Winter_Games)
- [1\.4 Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Youth_Games)
- [2 Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Commonwealth_Games_Federation)
- [3 King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#King's_Baton_Relay)
- [4 Ceremonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Ceremonies)
Toggle Ceremonies subsection
- [4\.1 Opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Opening)
- [4\.2 Closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Closing)
- [4\.3 Medal presentation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Medal_presentation)
- [4\.4 Anthems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Anthems)
- [5 List of Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#List_of_Commonwealth_Games)
- [6 Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Medal_table)
Toggle Medal table subsection
- [6\.1 Medal leaders by year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Medal_leaders_by_year)
- [7 Commonwealth sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Commonwealth_sports)
- [8 Participating nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Participating_nations)
Toggle Participating nations subsection
- [8\.1 Commonwealth nations yet to send teams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Commonwealth_nations_yet_to_send_teams)
- [8\.2 Rejected participants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Rejected_participants)
- [9 Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Controversies)
Toggle Controversies subsection
- [9\.1 Host city contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Host_city_contract)
- [9\.2 Boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Boycotts)
- [9\.3 Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Protests)
- [10 Financial implications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Financial_implications)
- [11 Notable competitors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Notable_competitors)
- [12 Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Media_coverage)
- [13 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#See_also)
- [14 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Notes)
- [15 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#References)
- [16 Sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Sources)
- [17 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#Further_reading)
- [18 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# Commonwealth Games
63 languages
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statebondspele "Statebondspele – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB "ألعاب الكومنولث – Arabic")
- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_de_la_Mancomunid%C3%A1 "Xuegos de la Mancomunidá – Asturian")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birlik_Oyunlar%C4%B1 "Birlik Oyunları – Azerbaijani")
- [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C "بیرلیک اویونلاری – South Azerbaijani")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96 "Гульні Садружнасці – Belarusian")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8 "কমনওয়েলথ গেমস – Bangla")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_de_la_Commonwealth "Jocs de la Commonwealth – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hry_Commonwealthu "Hry Commonwealthu – Czech")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemau%27r_Gymanwlad "Gemau'r Gymanwlad – Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games "Commonwealth Games – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games "Commonwealth Games – German")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82 "Αγώνες της Κοινοπολιτείας – Greek")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoj_de_la_Komunumo_de_Nacioj "Ludoj de la Komunumo de Nacioj – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_de_la_Mancomunidad "Juegos de la Mancomunidad – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvaste_%C3%9Chenduse_m%C3%A4ngud "Rahvaste Ühenduse mängud – Estonian")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9 "بازیهای کشورهای مشترکالمنافع – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainyhteis%C3%B6n_kisat "Kansainyhteisön kisat – Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_du_Commonwealth "Jeux du Commonwealth – French")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluich%C3%AD_an_Chomhlathais "Cluichí an Chomhlathais – Irish")
- [Gàidhlig](https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geamannan_a%27_Cho-fhlaitheis "Geamannan a' Cho-fhlaitheis – Scottish Gaelic")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_da_Commonwealth "Xogos da Commonwealth – Galician")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99 "משחקי חבר העמים הבריטי – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 "राष्ट्रमण्डल खेल – Hindi")
- [Fiji Hindi](https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games "Commonwealth Games – Fiji Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igre_Commonwealtha "Igre Commonwealtha – Croatian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9gi_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok "Nemzetközösségi játékok – Hungarian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesta_Olahraga_Persemakmuran "Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran – Indonesian")
- [Interlingue](https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Ludes "Commonwealth Ludes – Interlingue")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_del_Commonwealth "Giochi del Commonwealth – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA "コモンウェルスゲームズ – Japanese")
- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F "ಕಾಮನ್ವೆಲ್ತ್ ಕ್ರೀಡಾಕೂಟ – Kannada")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A8%BC%EC%9B%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84 "코먼웰스 게임 – Korean")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandraugos_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s "Sandraugos žaidynės – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ciju_Sadraudz%C4%ABbas_sp%C4%93les "Nāciju Sadraudzības spēles – Latvian")
- [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D "കോമൺവെൽത്ത് ഗെയിംസ് – Malayalam")
- [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3 "राष्ट्रकुल खेळ – Marathi")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Komanwel "Sukan Komanwel – Malay")
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- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemenebestspelen "Gemenebestspelen – Dutch")
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- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_da_Commonwealth "Jogos da Commonwealth – Portuguese")
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- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games "Commonwealth Games – Simple English")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0 "Игре Комонвелта – Serbian")
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- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E "กีฬาเครือจักรภพ – Thai")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiliz_Milletler_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_Oyunlar%C4%B1 "İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu Oyunları – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96 "Ігри Співдружності – Ukrainian")
- [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81_%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84 "دولت مشترکہ کھیل – Urdu")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_Th%E1%BB%83_thao_Kh%E1%BB%91i_Th%E1%BB%8Bnh_v%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_chung "Đại hội Thể thao Khối Thịnh vượng chung – Vietnamese")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A "英联邦运动会 – Wu")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83 "英聯邦運動會 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83 "英聯邦運動會 – Chinese")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations
For the most recent event, see [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games"). For the next event, see [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games").
| [Commonwealth Games]() |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Commonwealth_Games_logo_2019.svg "Logo of the Commonwealth Games") |
| Main topics |
| [Bids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bids for the Commonwealth Games") [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") [CGAs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Association "Commonwealth Games Association") [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth") [Participating nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "List of participating nations at the Commonwealth Games") [Commonwealth Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Day "Commonwealth Day") [Inter-Empire Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Empire_Championships "Inter-Empire Championships") [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Baton_Relay "King's Baton Relay") [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_venues "List of Commonwealth Games venues") [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table") [Records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_records "Commonwealth Games records") [Mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_mascots "List of Commonwealth Games mascots") |
| Games |
| [Commonwealth Games]() [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") [Commonwealth Esports Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Esports_Championships "Commonwealth Esports Championships") |
| Defunct games |
| [Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Games_sidebar "Template:Commonwealth Games sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Games_sidebar "Template talk:Commonwealth Games sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Games_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Games sidebar") |
| Commonwealth Games |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Commonwealth_Games_logo_2019.svg) |
| Games |
| [1930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") [1934](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") [1938](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") [1950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") [1954](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") [1982](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") [1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") [1990](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") [1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") [1998](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") [*2030*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") |
| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") |
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Archery at the Commonwealth Games") [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Badminton at the Commonwealth Games") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") [Beach Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Beach volleyball at the Commonwealth Games") [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Boxing at the Commonwealth Games") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket "Cricket") [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Diving at the Commonwealth Games") [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") [Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hockey at the Commonwealth Games") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Judo at the Commonwealth Games") [Lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") [Netball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Netball at the Commonwealth Games") [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rowing at the Commonwealth Games") [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games") [Squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Squash at the Commonwealth Games") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Shooting at the Commonwealth Games") [Synchronised swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Synchronised swimming at the Commonwealth Games") [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Triathlon at the Commonwealth Games") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") |
The **Commonwealth Games**[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-3) is a quadrennial international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") that brings together athletes from across the [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"), a political association comprising the majority of former territories of the [British Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire"). First held as the **British Empire Games** in [1930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games"), the event has evolved through several name changes, reflecting the changing geopolitical landscape and gradual decolonisation of the Empire. It was known as the British Empire Games until [1950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games"), the **British Empire and Commonwealth Games** until [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), and the **British Commonwealth Games** until [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games"). Since the [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") edition, the event has been officially known as the Commonwealth Games, a name that reflects its modern identity while maintaining its historic connection to Britain. The games are also referred to as the **Friendly Games**.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-5)
The Games are overseen by the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF), which determines the [sporting programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") and awards hosting rights. The event upholds its unique traditions, such as the [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Baton_Relay "King's Baton Relay") and the ceremonial hoisting of the Commonwealth Games flag. It is distinguished from other international sporting competitions by its inclusivity and heritage. Athletes with a disability have been integrated as full team members since 2002, and in 2018, the Games became the first global multi-sport competition to offer equal medal events for men and women. By 2022, women's events outnumbered men's for the first time. In addition to mainstream [Olympic sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports"), the Commonwealth Games includes disciplines such as [netball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball "Netball"), lawn [bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowls "Bowls") and [squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_\(sport\) "Squash (sport)"), which enjoy particular popularity within the Commonwealth.
The origins of the Games lie in the [Inter-Empire Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_the_Empire#Inter-Empire_Championships "Festival of the Empire") of 1911, with [Melville Marks Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_Marks_Robinson "Melville Marks Robinson") playing a pivotal role in establishing the first official Games in [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario"), Canada. Over time, associated events such as the [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") and the now-defunct [Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") have further expanded participation. Unlike the Olympics and other global competitions, the Commonwealth Games permit representation from fifteen [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Association "Commonwealth Games Association") that are not sovereign states. These include the four [Home Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Nations "Home Nations") of the United Kingdom, the [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependencies "Crown Dependencies"), several [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories "British Overseas Territories"), [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") (Australia) and [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") (New Zealand). Notably, despite being non-sovereign, [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_Olympics "Bermuda at the Olympics"), [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the Olympics") and [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the Olympics") are recognised as independent National Olympic Committees by the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee").
To date, twenty cities in nine countries have hosted the Games. [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") leads with five editions, while both [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") and [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") have hosted twice. [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") will become the third city to do so, having held the Games in 2014 and again in [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games"). The most recent edition was held in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") in 2022. Originally, the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") were awarded to [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(state\) "Victoria (state)") in Australia, but cost concerns led to the state's withdrawal. Subsequently, Glasgow was confirmed as the replacement host city. The upcoming Games will be markedly smaller in scale, featuring only ten sports. As part of a settlement agreement, the Victorian government will provide over £2 million to the Glasgow organisers.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-8)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-9) The next edition of the Games, the twenty-third or *XXIII*, is scheduled to be held in Glasgow from 23 July to 2 August 2026, while the immediate future of the Games was secured with the announcement in 2025 that the [2030 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") (which will be both the XXIV Games and the Centenary Games) has been award to [Ahmedabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad "Ahmedabad"), India.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-10)
## History
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: History")\]
A sporting competition bringing together the members of the [British Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891, five years before the first modern [first modern Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics "1896 Summer Olympics"), who wrote letters and articles for several periodicals suggesting a "Pan Brittanic, Pan [Anglican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism "Anglicanism") Contest every four years as a means of increasing goodwill and understanding of the British Empire."[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-ANETT-11) John Astley Cooper Committees were formed in Australia, [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") and [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa") to promote the idea and inspired [Pierre de Coubertin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin "Pierre de Coubertin") to start the international [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") movement.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-13)
In 1911, an Inter-Empire Championship was held alongside the [Festival of Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Empire "Festival of Empire"), at [The Crystal Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace "The Crystal Palace") in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London") to celebrate the [coronation of George V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_George_V_and_Mary "Coronation of George V and Mary"), and were championed by [The Earl of Plymouth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Windsor-Clive,_2nd_Earl_of_Plymouth "Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth") and [Lord Desborough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grenfell,_1st_Baron_Desborough "William Grenfell, 1st Baron Desborough").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-15) Teams from Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom competed in events for athletics, boxing, swimming and wrestling.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-16) Canada won the championships and was presented with a silver cup (gifted by [Lord Lonsdale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Lonsdale "Earl of Lonsdale")) which was 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) high and weighed 340 ounces (9.6 kg). A correspondent of the *[Auckland Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Star "Auckland Star")* criticised the Games, calling them a "grievous disappointment" that were "not worthy of the title of 'Empire Sports'".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-17)
While planning for the [1928 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics "1928 Summer Olympics") in Amsterdam, [Amateur Athletic Union of Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union_of_Canada "Amateur Athletic Union of Canada") executive [J. Howard Crocker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Howard_Crocker "J. Howard Crocker") spoke with journalist [Melville Marks Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_Marks_Robinson "Melville Marks Robinson") of *[The Hamilton Spectator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hamilton_Spectator "The Hamilton Spectator")*, about hosting an international sporting event in Canada. Robinson proposed and lobbied to host what became the [British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1930.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-TOP-19) Robinson then served as the manager of the Canadian track and field team for the 1930 British Empire Games.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-TOP-19)
Although there are 56 sovereign states that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, there are 74 active [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Associations "Commonwealth Games Associations").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-20)They are divided into six regions (Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania) and each has a similar function to the [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") in relation with their countries or territories. In some, like [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") and [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa"), the CGA functions are assumed by their NOCs.
Only six national federations have participated in every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"). Of these six, Australia, England, Canada and New Zealand have each won at least one gold medal in every Games. Australia has been the highest-achieving team for thirteen editions of the Games, England for seven and Canada for one. These three teams also top the all-time Commonwealth Games medal table in that order.
### Editions
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Editions")\]
#### British Empire Games (1930-1950)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: British Empire Games (1930-1950)")\]
The [1930 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") were the first of what later became known as the Commonwealth Games, and was held in [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario"), [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario "Ontario"), Canada from 16 to 23 August 1930 and opened by [Lord Willingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon "Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon").[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-H30-21) Eleven countries: Australia, [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda"), [British Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana "British Guiana"), Canada, England, [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland"), [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland "Dominion of Newfoundland"), New Zealand, [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), South Africa and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"), sent a total of 400 athletes to compete in athletics, boxing, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling. The opening and closing ceremonies as well as athletics took place at [Civic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Wynne_Stadium "Ivor Wynne Stadium").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-E30-22) The cost of the Games were \$97,973.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-E30-22) Women competed in only the aquatic events.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-23) Canadian triple jumper [Gordon Smallacombe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Smallacombe "Gordon Smallacombe") won the first ever gold medal in the history of the Games.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:0-24)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg)
Opening ceremony of the [1938 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") at the [Sydney Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground").
The [1934 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"), England. The host city was London, with the main venue at [Wembley Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Park "Wembley Park"), although the track cycling events were in [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"). The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to [Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg "Johannesburg"), but was given to London instead because of serious concerns about prejudice against Asian and black athletes in South Africa. The affiliation of Irish athletes at the 1934 Games representation [remains unclear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_British_Empire_Games#%C2%A71934_games "Ireland at the British Empire Games") but there was no official [Irish Free State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State "Irish Free State") team. Sixteen national teams took part, including new participants [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong "British Hong Kong"), [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj "British Raj"), [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica "Colony of Jamaica"), [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia") and [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago").[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-25)
The [1938 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") were the third British Empire Games, which was held in [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney "Sydney"), [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales "New South Wales"), Australia. It was timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Held in the [Southern Hemisphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere "Southern Hemisphere") for the first time, the III Games opening ceremony took place at the famed [Sydney Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground") in front of 40,000 spectators. Fifteen nations participated down under at the Sydney Games involving a total of 464 athletes and 43 officials. [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji "Colony of Fiji") and [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon "Dominion of Ceylon") made their debuts. Seven sports were featured in the Sydney Games – athletics, boxing, cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-26)
The [1950 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") were the fourth edition and were held in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland"), New Zealand, after a twelve-year gap from the third edition of the games. The fourth games were originally awarded to [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal"), Canada and was to be held in 1942, but was cancelled due to the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War"). The opening ceremony at [Eden Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Park "Eden Park") was attended by 40,000 spectators, while nearly 250,000 people attended the Auckland Games. Twelve countries sent a total of 590 athletes to Auckland. [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya") and [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") made their first appearances.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-27)
#### British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg)
Statue in Vancouver commemorating the "Miracle Mile" between [Roger Bannister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister "Roger Bannister") and [John Landy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landy "John Landy")
The fifth edition of the Games, the [1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), were held in [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver"), [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia "British Columbia"), Canada. This was the first event since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952, the same year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The fifth edition of the Games placed Vancouver on a world stage and featured memorable sporting moments as well as outstanding entertainment, technical innovation and cultural events. The 'Miracle Mile', as it became known, saw both the gold medallist, [Roger Bannister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister "Roger Bannister") of England and silver medallist [John Landy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landy "John Landy") of Australia, run sub-four-minute races in an event that was televised live across the world for the first time. [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia "Northern Rhodesia") and [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan") made their debuts and both performed well, winning eight and six medals respectively.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-28)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg)
3 pence British stamp with theme of [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales
The [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales. The sixth edition of the games marked the largest sporting event ever held in Wales and it was the smallest country ever to host a British Empire and Commonwealth Games. [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") had to wait twelve years longer than originally scheduled to become host of the Games, as the 1946 event was cancelled because of the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War"). The Cardiff Games introduced the [Queen's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay"), which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since. Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,122 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including for the first time, [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"), [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana"), [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colony "Kenya Colony") and the [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-29) In the run up to the Cardiff games, many leading sports stars including [Stanley Matthews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Matthews "Stanley Matthews"), [Jimmy Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hill "Jimmy Hill") and [Don Revie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Revie "Don Revie") were signatories in a letter to *The Times* on 17 July 1958 deploring the presence of white-only South African sports, opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games'.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-30)
The [1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth"), [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia "Western Australia"). Thirty-five countries sent a total of 863 athletes and 178 officials to Perth. [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey") was among the medal winners for the first time, while [British Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Honduras "British Honduras"), [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica"), [Papua and New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea "Territory of Papua and New Guinea") and [St Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia") all made their inaugural Games appearances. [Aden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Aden "Colony of Aden") also competed by special invitation. [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak"), [North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo "Crown Colony of North Borneo") and [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya") competed for the last time, before taking part in 1966 under the [Malaysian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_flag "Malaysian flag"). In addition, [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland") competed in the Games as an entity for the first and only time.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-31)
The [1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Kingston, Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica"). This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called [White Dominions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Dominion "White Dominion"). Thirty-four nations (including [South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia "Federation of South Arabia")) competed in the [Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica") Games, sending a total of 1,316 athletes and officials.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-32)
#### British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)")\]
The [1970 British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time [metric units](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_system "Metric system") rather than [imperial units](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_unit "Imperial unit") were used in events, the first time the games were held in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and also the first time that HM Queen [Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") attended in her capacity as [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-33)
The [1974 British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") were held in [Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch"), New Zealand. The event was officially named *The Friendly Games*, and was also the first edition to feature a theme song. Following the [massacre of Israeli athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Munich_attack "1972 Munich attack") at the [1972 Munich Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics "1972 Summer Olympics"), the tenth games at Christchurch were the first [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") to place the safety of participants and spectators as its uppermost requirement. Security guards surrounded the athlete's village and there was an exceptionally high-profile police presence. Only 22 countries succeeded in winning medals from the total haul of 374 medals on offer, but first time winners included [Western Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Samoa "Western Samoa"), [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho "Lesotho") and Swaziland (since 2018 named [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")).[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-34) The theme song for the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was called "Join Together".
#### Commonwealth Games (1978-present)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Commonwealth Games (1978-present)")\]
The [1978 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton"), [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta "Alberta"), Canada. This event was the first to bear the current day name of the Commonwealth Games, and also marked a new high as almost 1,500 athletes from 46 countries took part. They were boycotted by [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") in protest against [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand")'s sporting contacts with [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid")\-era [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa"), as well as by [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") in protest at alleged Canadian hostilities toward the government of [Idi Amin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin "Idi Amin").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-MacintoshHawes1994-35)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-36)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg)
Opening ceremony of the [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") at [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), Australia
The [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland "Queensland"), Australia. Forty-six nations participated in the [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") Games with a new record total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials. As hosts, Australia headed the medal table leading the way ahead of England, Canada, Scotland and New Zealand respectively. [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe") made its first appearance at the Games, having earlier competed as [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia") and as part of [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland").[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-37) The theme song for the 1982 Commonwealth Games was called "You're Here To Win".
The [1986 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland and were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh. Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by 32 African, Asian and Caribbean nations in protest at British Prime Minister [Margaret Thatcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher "Margaret Thatcher")'s refusal to condemn sporting contacts of apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. Twenty-six nations did attend the second Edinburgh Games, and sent a total of 1,662 athletes and 461 officials.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-38) The theme song for the 1986 Commonwealth Games was called "Spirit Of Youth".
The [1990 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland"), New Zealand. They were the fourteenth Commonwealth Games, the third to be hosted by [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games") and Auckland's second. A new record of 55 nations participated in the second Auckland Games, sending 2,826 athletes and officials.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-39) Pakistan returned to the Commonwealth in 1989 after withdrawing in 1972, and competed in the 1990 Games after an absence of twenty years.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-40) The theme song for the 1990 Commonwealth Games was called "This Is The Moment".
The [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia"), [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia "British Columbia"), Canada. This event was the fourth to take place in Canada. The games marked another point of [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa")'s return to the sporting atmosphere following the [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") era, and over thirty years since the country last competed in the [Games in 1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Commonwealth_Games "1958 Commonwealth Games"). [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia "Namibia") made its Commonwealth Games debut following its independence from South Africa in 1990. It was also Hong Kong's last appearance at the games before the [transfer of sovereignty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong "Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong") from Britain to China. Sixty-three nations sent 2,557 athletes and 914 officials.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-41) The theme song for the 1994 Commonwealth Games was called "Let Your Spirit Take Flight".
The [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia. For the first time in its 68-year history, the Commonwealth Games were held in Asia. The event was also the first Games to feature team sports (cricket, rugby 7s, netball and field hockey) along ten pin bowling and squash– an overwhelming success that added large numbers to both participant and TV audience numbers. A new record of 70 countries sent a total of 5,065 athletes and officials to the Kuala Lumpur Games. The top five countries in the medal standing were Australia, England, Canada, Malaysia (who made their best games' performance until that date) and South Africa. [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru "Nauru") also achieved an impressive haul of three gold medals. [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon "Cameroon"), [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique "Mozambique"), [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati "Kiribati") and [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu "Tuvalu") debuted.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-42) The theme song for the 1998 Commonwealth Games was called "Forever As One".
#### During the 21st century
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: During the 21st century")\]
The [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England. The event was hosted in England for the first time since 1934 and hosted to coincide with the [Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II "Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II"), head of the [Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"). In terms of sports and events, the 2002 event was until the 2010 edition the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports. The final medal tally was led by Australia, followed by host England and Canada. The 2002 Commonwealth Games had set a new benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-43) The theme song for the 2002 Commonwealth Games was called "[Where My Heart Will Take Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_of_the_Heart "Faith of the Heart")".
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg)
Athletics at the [Melbourne Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground") (MCG) during the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games"), [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne")
The [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), [Victoria, Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia "Victoria, Australia"). The only difference between the [2006 games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") and the [2002 games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") was the absence of [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe"), which withdrew from the [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") after being suspended by the organization in 2002.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-44) For the first time in the history of the Games the [Queen's Baton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay") visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 kilometres (110,000 mi). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. Again the Top 3 on the medal table is Australia, followed by England and Canada.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-45) The theme song for the 2006 Commonwealth Games was called "Together We Are One".
The [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi "Delhi"), India. The Games cost \$11 billion and were the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games was held in India, also the first time that a [Commonwealth republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations") hosted the games and the second time it was held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 [Commonwealth nations and dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Commonwealth "The Commonwealth") competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final [medal tally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2010 Commonwealth Games medal table") was led by [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games "Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games"). The host nation India achieved its [best performance ever in any sporting event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games "India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games"), finishing second overall.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-46) [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda") made its Games debut.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-47) The theme song for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was called "Live, Rise, Ascend, Win".
The [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow"), Scotland. These games were the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports, outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), capital city of Scotland. [Usain Bolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt "Usain Bolt") competed in the [4×100 metres relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2014_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games") of the 2014 Commonwealth Games and set a [Commonwealth Games record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_athletics#Men.27s_records "List of Commonwealth Games records in athletics") with his teammates.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-48) The Games received acclaim for their organisation, attendance, and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland, with the CGF chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as "the standout games in the history of the movement".[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-49)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Cycling_\(geograph_4105477\).jpg)
Cycling event during the [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") hosted in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow"), Scotland
The [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland "Queensland"), Australia, the fifth time Australia hosted the Games. There were an equal number of events for men and women, the first time in history that a major multi-sport event had equality in terms of events.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-51)
The [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England. It was the third Commonwealth Games to be hosted in England, following [London 1934](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") and [Manchester 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-52) The 2022 Commonwealth Games coincided with the [Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II "Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II") and the tenth anniversary of the [2012 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics") and the [2012 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics "2012 Summer Paralympics"), both staged in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"). The 2022 Commonwealth Games was the last edition to be held under Queen Elizabeth II, before her [death](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II "Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II") on 8 September 2022.
On 16 February 2022, it was announced that the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") would be held for a record sixth time in [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia"), but for the first time they would be decentralised, as the state of [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(Australia\) "Victoria (Australia)") signed as host 'city'. The event were to have four regional clusters mainly focused in [Bendigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendigo "Bendigo") region, and another three regional centres. However, in July 2023, the Victorian Premier [Daniel Andrews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Andrews "Daniel Andrews") announced that Victoria would no longer host the 2026 Games.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:2-53) The Scottish government later agreed to hold the 2026 games in Glasgow, following Victoria's cancellation, however the games will be "scaled down" with only 10 sports being staged in four venues, and a commitment that public funds would not be required.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:4-54) The 2026 Commonwealth Games will be the first held under the reign of [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles_III "King Charles III"). The three nations to have hosted the Commonwealth Games the most times are Australia (5), Canada (4) and New Zealand (3). With the 2022 games, England increased its number to three. Three games have been hosted in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), one in [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"), two in Asia ([Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") (1) and [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") (1)) and one in the Caribbean ([Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") (1)).[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:1-55) The event has been awarded to, but never been held in, Africa, with [Durban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban "Durban") being stripped of the 2022 Games following financial issues.
### Paraplegic Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Paraplegic Games")\]
Main article: [Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg)
Athletes of the [1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") at [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth")
The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international, [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") involving athletes with a disability from the [Commonwealth countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"). The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with [spinal injuries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_injuries "Spinal injuries") or [polio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis "Poliomyelitis"). The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-56) The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes. The countries that had hosted the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were Australia, Jamaica, Scotland and New Zealand in [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") and [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"). Six countries – Australia, England, New Zealand, [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland"), [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") — had been represented at all Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Australia and England had been\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] the top-ranking nation two times each: [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") and [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
#### Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games")\]
Athletes with a disability were then first included the [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") in [Victoria, British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia") when this events was added to athletics and lawn bowls,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-57) As at [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") in Manchester, England, they were included as compulsory events, making them the first fully [inclusive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_\(disability_rights\) "Inclusion (disability rights)") international multi-sport games. This meant that results were included in the medal count and the athletes are full members of each country delegation.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-58)
During the 2007 General Assembly of the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF) at [Colombo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo "Colombo"), [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka"), the [International Paralympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Paralympic_Committee "International Paralympic Committee") (IPC) and CGF signed a co-operative agreement to ensure a formal institutional relationship between the two bodies and secure the future participation of elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in future Commonwealth Games.
Then, IPC President [Philip Craven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Craven "Philip Craven") said during the General Assembly:
> "We look forward to working with CGF to develop the possibilities of athletes with a disability at the Commonwealth Games and within the Commonwealth. This partnership will help to galvanize Paralympic sports development in Commonwealth countries/territories and seek to create and promote greater opportunities in sport for athletes with a disability".
— IPC President [Sir Philip Craven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Philip_Craven "Sir Philip Craven")
The co-operation agreement outlined the strong partnership between the IPC and the CGF. It recognised the IPC as the respective sport body and have the function to oversee the co-ordination and delivery of the Commonwealth Games EAD sports programme and committed both organisations to work together in supporting the growth of the Paralympic and Commonwealth Games Movements.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-59)
### Winter Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Winter Games")\]
Main article: [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StMoritz.jpg)
[St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz"), the venue for all three Winter Games from 1958 to 1966
The [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") was a [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") comprising [winter sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_sports "Winter sports"), last held in 1970. Four editions of the Games have been staged. The [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") were designed as a counterbalance to the Commonwealth Games, which focuses on summer sports, to accompany the [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") and [Summer Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games"). The winter Games were founded by [T.D. Richardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.D._Richardson "T.D. Richardson").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Semanticus-Richardson-60) The 1958 Commonwealth Winter Games were held in [St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz"), Switzerland and was the inaugural games for the winter edition.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-62) The 1962 Games were also held in St. Moritz, complementing the [1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") in [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth"), Australia, and the 1966 event was held in St. Moritz as well, following the 1970 edition, the idea was discontinued.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-63)
### Youth Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Youth Games")\]
Main article: [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games")
The [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") is an international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") organised by the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation"). The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") discussed the idea of a Millennium [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-64)
## Commonwealth Games Federation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Commonwealth Games Federation")\]
Main article: [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_Shopping_002_\(6166876525\)_\(2\).jpg)
Headquarters of the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") at the Commonwealth House (centre) in London
The [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF) is the international organisation responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games and [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games"), and is the foremost authority in matters relating to the games.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-65) The Commonwealth House in London, England hosts the headquarters of CGF.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-66) The Commonwealth House also hosts the headquarters of the [Royal Commonwealth Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Society "Royal Commonwealth Society") and the [Commonwealth Local Government Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Local_Government_Forum "Commonwealth Local Government Forum").[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-67)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-68)
The Commonwealth Games Movement is made of three major elements:
- [International Federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_sport_federations "List of international sport federations") (IFs) are the [governing bodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_body "Sport governing body") that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Basketball Federation ([FIBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA "FIBA")) is the international governing body for basketball.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-69)
- [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games_Associations "Category:Commonwealth Games Associations") (CGAs) represent and regulate the Commonwealth Games Movement within each country and perform similar functions as the [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committees "National Olympic Committees"). For example, the [Commonwealth Games England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_England "Commonwealth Games England") (CGE) is the CGA of England. There are currently 72 CGAs recognised by the CGF.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-70)
- Organising Committees for the Commonwealth Games (OCCWGs) are temporary committees responsible for the organisation of each Commonwealth Games. OCCWGs are dissolved after each Games once the final report is delivered to the CGF.
English is the official language of the Commonwealth. The other language used at each Commonwealth Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these two (or more) languages. If the host country does this, it is their responsibility to choose the language{s) and their order.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-71)
## King's Baton Relay
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: King's Baton Relay")\]
Main article: [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Baton_Relay "King's Baton Relay")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bilston_St.-Garrick_St._-_geograph.org.uk_-_536739.jpg)
The [Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay#Manchester_2002 "Queen's Baton Relay") for the [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games")
The King's Baton Relay is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The Baton carries a message from the [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth"). The Relay traditionally begins at [Buckingham Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace "Buckingham Palace") in London as a part of the city's [Commonwealth Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Day "Commonwealth Day") festivities. The King entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the Opening Ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the baton back to the King or his representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games. The King's Baton Relay is similar to the [Olympic Torch Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Torch_Relay "Olympic Torch Relay").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-RelayTradition-72)
The Relay was introduced at the [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") in [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales as the Queen's Baton Relay. Up until, and including, the [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games"), the Relay only went through England and the host nation. The Relay for the [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia was the first to travel to other nations of the Commonwealth.
The [Queen's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games_Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "2018 Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay") for the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") held on the [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), Australia, was the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering 230,000 km (150,000 miles) over 388 days, the Baton made its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. For the first time, the Queen's Baton was presented at the Commonwealth Youth Games during its [sixth edition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2017 Commonwealth Youth Games") in 2017, which were held in [Nassau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas "Nassau, Bahamas"), [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-73)
## Ceremonies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Ceremonies")\]
### Opening
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Opening")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Comm_Games_2006_finale.JPG)
Opening ceremony of the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") at [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne")
The opening ceremony typically starts with the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem. The flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation, flag of the last hosting nation and the next hosting nation are also hosted during the opening ceremony. The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance and theatre representative of its culture. The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the Delhi Games reportedly cost \$70 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-74)
After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. The last hosting nation is traditionally the first nation to enter. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetical or continental wise with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. Speeches are given, formally opening the Games. Finally, the [King's Baton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay") is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final baton carrier, often a successful Commonwealth athlete from the host nation, who hands it over to the [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth") or his representative.
### Closing
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Closing")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_closing_ceremony_picture.jpeg)
Closing ceremony of the [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") at Delhi
The closing ceremony of the Commonwealth Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. The president of the organising committee and the CGF president make their closing speeches and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organised the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theatre representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-75)
At the closing ceremony of every Commonwealth Games, the CGF President makes an award and presents a trophy to one athlete who has competed with particular distinction and honour both in terms of athletic performance and overall contribution to his or her team. Athletes are nominated by their Commonwealth Games Association at the end of the final day of competition and the winner is selected by a panel comprising the CGF President and representatives from each of the six Commonwealth Regions. The '[David Dixon Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dixon_Award "David Dixon Award")' as it is called was introduced in [Manchester 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games"), after the late David Dixon, former Honorary Secretary of the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation"), in honour of his monumental contribution to Commonwealth sport for many years.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-76)
### Medal presentation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Medal presentation")\]
A medal ceremony is held after each event is concluded. The winner, second and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. After the medals are given out by a CGF member, the national flags of the three medallists are raised while the [national anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem "National anthem") of the gold medallist's country plays. Volunteering citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies, as they aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag-bearers.
### Anthems
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Anthems")\]
"[God Save the King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King "God Save the King")" is an official or [national anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem "National anthem") of [multiple Commonwealth countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King#Use_in_other_Commonwealth_countries "God Save the King") and dependent territories. As a result, and due to the [countries of the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom "Countries of the United Kingdom") competing individually, its use is prohibited during official events, medal ceremonies or before matches in team events.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-77) With the revision of this rule made before the 2010 Games, some national anthems used were changed and in some cases they differ from a currently-eligible country's national or official anthem(s):
| Country | Anthem used at the Commonwealth Games | National Anthem(s)/Official Anthem(s) |
|---|---|---|
|  [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla "Anguilla") | "[God Bless Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_Anguilla "God Bless Anguilla")" | "[God Save the King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King "God Save the King")" |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda") | "[Hail to Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail_to_Bermuda "Hail to Bermuda")" | |
|  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands "British Virgin Islands") | "[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh,_Beautiful_Virgin_Islands "Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands")" | |
|  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands "Cayman Islands") | "[Beloved Isle Cayman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloved_Isle_Cayman "Beloved Isle Cayman")" | |
|  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | "[Land of Hope and Glory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Hope_and_Glory "Land of Hope and Glory")" (until 2010) "[Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time#Use_as_a_national_anthem "And did those feet in ancient time")" (since 2010)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-78) | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands "Falkland Islands") | "[Song of the Falklands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_the_Falklands "Song of the Falklands")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar "Gibraltar") | "[Gibraltar Anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem "Gibraltar Anthem")" | |
|  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey "Guernsey") | "[Sarnia Cherie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnia_Cherie "Sarnia Cherie")" | |
|  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey") | "[Island Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Home_\(anthem\) "Island Home (anthem)")" | |
|  [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat "Montserrat") | "[Motherland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Song_\(Montserrat\) "National Song (Montserrat)")" | |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | "[God Defend New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Defend_New_Zealand "God Defend New Zealand")" | "God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-mch.govt.nz-79) "God Save the King" |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") | "[Ko e Iki he Lagi (Lord in Heaven, Thou art merciful)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko_e_Iki_he_Lagi "Ko e Iki he Lagi")" | "God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-mch.govt.nz-79) "God Save the King" |
|  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") | "[Come Ye Blessed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Ye_Blessed "Come Ye Blessed")" | "[Advance Australia Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair "Advance Australia Fair")" |
|  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") | "[Londonderry Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonderry_Air "Londonderry Air")" | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena") | "[My Saint Helena Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Saint_Helena_Island "My Saint Helena Island")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | "[Scotland the Brave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_the_Brave "Scotland the Brave")" (until 2010) "[Flower of Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Scotland "Flower of Scotland")" (since 2010)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-80) | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands") | "[This Land of Ours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Land_of_Ours "This Land of Ours")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | "[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Land of my Fathers)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau")" | "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
## List of Commonwealth Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: List of Commonwealth Games")\]
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_America_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in North America")  **1930**  **1954**  **1966**  **1978**  **1994** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Canada and Caribbean) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in the United Kingdom")  **1934**  **1958**  **1970**, **1986**  **2002**  **2014**, ***2026***  **2022** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Great Britain) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oceania_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in Oceania")  **1938**  **1950, 1990**  **1962**  **1974**  **1982**  **2006**  **2018** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Australia, New Zealand and Oceania) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in Asia")  **2010**  **1998**  ***2030*** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Asia) | |
| Year | Edition | Host city | Host Association | Opened by | Sports | Events | Associations | Start date | End date | Competitors | Top Association | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | [I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") | [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario") |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [Viscount Willingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon "Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon") | 6 | 59 | 11 | 16 August | 23 August | 400 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[2\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/hamilton-1930) |
| 1934 | [II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") | [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London") |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [King George V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_V "George V") | 6 | 68 | 16 | 4 August | 11 August | 500 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[3\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/london-1934) |
| 1938 | [III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") | [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney "Sydney") |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [Lord Wakehurst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loder,_2nd_Baron_Wakehurst "John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst") | 7 | 71 | 15 | 5 February | 12 February | 464 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[4\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/sydney-1938) |
| 1942 | – | [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal") |  Canada | *Cancelled due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II")[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-The_Commonwealth_Games_2017-81)* | | | | | | | | |
| 1946 | – | [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") |  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | | | | | | | | | |
| 1950 | [IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") |  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | [Sir Bernard Freyberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg "Bernard Freyberg") | 9 | 88 | 12 | 4 February | 11 February | 590 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[5\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/auckland-1950) |
| 1954 | [V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") |  Canada | [Earl Alexander of Tunis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis "Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis") | 9 | 91 | 24 | 30 July | 7 August | 662 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[6\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/vancouver-1954) |
| 1958 | [VI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") |  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | [Philip, Duke of Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh") | 9 | 94 | 36 | 18 July | 26 July | 1,122 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[7\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/cardiff-1958) |
| 1962 | [VII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth") |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | 9 | 104 | 35 | 22 November | 1 December | 863 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[8\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/perth-1962) | |
| 1966 | [VIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica") |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | 9 | 110 | 34 | 4 August | 13 August | 1,050 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[9\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/kingston-1966) | |
| 1970 | [IX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") |  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | 9 | 121 | 42 | 16 July | 25 July | 1,383 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[10\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edinburgh-1970) | |
| 1974 | [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") | [Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch") |  New Zealand | 9 | 121 | 38 | 24 January | 2 February | 1,276 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[11\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/christchurch-1974) | |
| 1978 | [XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") | [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton") |  Canada | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 128 | 46 | 3 August | 12 August | 1,474 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [\[12\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edmonton-1978) |
| 1982 | [XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") | [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") |  Australia | [Philip, Duke of Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh") | 10 | 142 | 46 | 30 September | 9 October | 1,583 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[13\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/brisbane-1982) |
| 1986 | [XIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") |  Scotland | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 163 | 26 | 24 July | 2 August | 1,662 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[14\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edinburgh-1986) |
| 1990 | [XIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") |  New Zealand | [Prince Edward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh") | 10 | 204 | 55 | 24 January | 3 February | 2,073 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[15\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/auckland-1990) |
| 1994 | [XV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") | [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia") |  Canada | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 217 | 63 | 18 August | 28 August | 2,557 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[16\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/victoria-1994) |
| 1998 | [XVI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") | [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur") |  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | [King Tuanku Jaafar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27afar_of_Negeri_Sembilan "Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan") | 15 | 213 | 70 | 11 September | 21 September | 3,633 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[17\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/Kuala-Lumpur-1998) |
| 2002 | [XVII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") | [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester") |  England | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 17 | 281 | 72 | 25 July | 4 August | 3,679 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[18\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/manchester-2002) |
| 2006 | [XVIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") | [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") |  Australia | 17 | 245 | 71 | 15 March | 26 March | 4,049 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[19\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/melbourne-2006) | |
| 2010 | [XIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") | [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi "Delhi") |  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | [President Pratibha Patil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patil "Pratibha Patil") and [Charles, Prince of Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") | 17 | 272 | 71 | 3 October | 14 October | 4,352 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[20\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/delhi-2010) |
| 2014 | [XX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") | [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") |  Scotland | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 18 | 261 | 71 | 23 July | 3 August | 4,947 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[21\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/glasgow-2014) |
| 2018 | [XXI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") | [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland") |  Australia | [Charles, Prince of Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") | 18 | 275 | 71 | 4 April | 15 April | 4,426 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[22\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/gold-coast-2018) |
| 2022 | [XXII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") | [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham") |  England | **20** | **283** | 72 | 28 July | 8 August | **5,054** |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[23\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/birmingham-2022) | |
| 2026 | [XXIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") | [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") |  Scotland | [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") (expected) | *10* | *215* | ***74*** | 23 July | 2 August | *~3,000* | TBC | [\[24\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/glasgow-2026) |
| 2030 | [XXIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") | [Ahmedabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad "Ahmedabad") |  India | 16th [President of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_India "President of India") (expected) | TBD | | | | | | | |
## Medal table
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Medal table")\]
Main article: [All-time Commonwealth Games medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table")
**\*Note : Nations in *italics* no longer participate at the Commonwealth Games.**
*Updated after [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games")*.
| Rank | CGA | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Australia at the Commonwealth Games") | 1,003 | 834 | 767 | 2,604 |
| 2 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "England at the Commonwealth Games") | 773 | 783 | 766 | 2,322 |
| 3 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Canada at the Commonwealth Games") | 510 | 548 | 589 | 1,647 |
| 4 |  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "India at the Commonwealth Games") | 203 | 190 | 171 | 564 |
| 5 |  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games") | 179 | 232 | 295 | 706 |
| 6 |  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games") | 137 | 132 | 147 | 416 |
| 7 |  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Scotland at the Commonwealth Games") | 132 | 143 | 227 | 502 |
| 8 |  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Kenya at the Commonwealth Games") | 91 | 80 | 87 | 258 |
| 9 |  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Nigeria at the Commonwealth Games") | 82 | 84 | 105 | 271 |
| 10 |  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wales at the Commonwealth Games") | 75 | 104 | 155 | 334 |
| 11 |  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malaysia at the Commonwealth Games") | 69 | 78 | 91 | 238 |
| 12 |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Jamaica at the Commonwealth Games") | 65 | 53 | 58 | 176 |
| 13 |  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Singapore at the Commonwealth Games") | 41 | 31 | 37 | 109 |
| 14 |  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Northern Ireland at the Commonwealth Games") | 37 | 46 | 59 | 142 |
| 15 |  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games") | 27 | 27 | 29 | 83 |
| 16 |  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cyprus at the Commonwealth Games") | 25 | 16 | 23 | 64 |
| 17 |  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Uganda at the Commonwealth Games") | 19 | 16 | 25 | 60 |
| 18 |  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ghana at the Commonwealth Games")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#endnote_a) | 15 | 20 | 28 | 63 |
| 19 |  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Trinidad and Tobago at the Commonwealth Games") | 13 | 23 | 26 | 62 |
| 20 |  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bahamas at the Commonwealth Games") | 11 | 14 | 13 | 38 |
| 21 |  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cameroon at the Commonwealth Games") | 11 | 12 | 17 | 40 |
| 22 |  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Nauru at the Commonwealth Games") | 10 | 11 | 10 | 31 |
| 23 |  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Samoa at the Commonwealth Games") | 6 | 12 | 11 | 29 |
| 24 | * [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Zimbabwe at the Commonwealth Games")*[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#endnote_b) | 6 | 9 | 14 | 29 |
| 25 |  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tanzania at the Commonwealth Games") | 6 | 7 | 11 | 24 |
| 26 |  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Zambia at the Commonwealth Games")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#endnote_c) | 5 | 13 | 24 | 42 |
| 27 |  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Papua New Guinea at the Commonwealth Games") | 5 | 8 | 2 | 15 |
| 28 |  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Botswana at the Commonwealth Games") | 5 | 6 | 8 | 19 |
| 29 |  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Namibia at the Commonwealth Games") | 5 | 4 | 15 | 24 |
| 30 | * [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hong Kong at the Commonwealth Games")* | 5 | 2 | 10 | 17 |
| 31 |  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Sri Lanka at the Commonwealth Games")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#endnote_d) | 4 | 9 | 11 | 24 |
| 32 |  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Fiji at the Commonwealth Games") | 4 | 7 | 12 | 23 |
| 33 |  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Guyana at the Commonwealth Games")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#endnote_e) | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
| 34 |  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Barbados at the Commonwealth Games") | 3 | 4 | 8 | 15 |
| 35 |  [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games") | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
| 36 |  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bermuda at the Commonwealth Games") | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 37 |  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Grenada at the Commonwealth Games") | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 38 |  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Mozambique at the Commonwealth Games") | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 |
| 39 |  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bangladesh at the Commonwealth Games") | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| 40 | * [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malaysia at the Commonwealth Games") ([Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaya_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malaya at the Commonwealth Games"))* | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 41 |  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Commonwealth Games") | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 42 |  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "British Virgin Islands at the Commonwealth Games") | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 43 |  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Mauritius at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 9 | 8 | 18 |
| 44 |  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Guernsey at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
| 45 |  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Lucia at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 46 |  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lesotho at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 47 |  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Jersey at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 48 |  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cayman Islands at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 49 |  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Kiribati at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
|  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the Commonwealth Games") | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 51 |  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Seychelles at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 52 | * [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rhodesia and Nyasaland at the Commonwealth Games")* | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 53 |  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Dominica at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 54 |  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malta at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 55 |  [Swaziland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swaziland at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 56 |  [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "The Gambia at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 57 | * [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ireland at the Commonwealth Games")* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 58 |  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malawi at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
|  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tonga at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
|  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Vanuatu at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| 61 |  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Norfolk Island at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 62 |  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cook Islands at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Niue at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
|  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Solomon Islands at the Commonwealth Games") | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (64 entries) | 3,613 | 3,608 | 3,929 | 11,150 | |
- **[^\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_a)** Totals for [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana") include all medals won as  [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gold Coast at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_b)** Totals for [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe") include all medals won as  [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Southern Rhodesia at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_c)** Totals for [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia") include all medals won as  [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Northern Rhodesia at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_d)** Totals for [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") include all medals won as  [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ceylon at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_e)** Totals for [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana") include all medals won as  [British Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "British Guiana at the Commonwealth Games")
### Medal leaders by year
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Medal leaders by year")\]
| |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_Federation_symbol_\(2019-_Till_Date\).svg) **Commonwealth Games [medal table by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table") year** |
| [1930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_Commonwealth_Games "1930 Commonwealth Games"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [1934](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Commonwealth_Games "1934 Commonwealth Games"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [1938](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_Commonwealth_Games "1938 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Commonwealth_Games "1950 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1954](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Commonwealth_Games "1954 Commonwealth Games"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Commonwealth_Games "1958 Commonwealth Games"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Games "1962 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Games "1970 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Games "1974 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games"):  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") [1982](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [1990](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [1998](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2006 Commonwealth Games medal table"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2010 Commonwealth Games medal table"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2014 Commonwealth Games medal table"):  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2018 Commonwealth Games medal table"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2022 Commonwealth Games medal table"):  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") |
## Commonwealth sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Commonwealth sports")\]
Further information: [Commonwealth Games sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") and [Commonwealth Games records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_records "Commonwealth Games records")
Unlike other sporting events, the Commonwealth Games have a flexible sporting programme that respects the infrastructure and demands of the host city. This is also reflected in its holding dates, which may vary according to the weather conditions of each host city. Therefore, the programme for each edition could varies. Between 1930 and 1994, only individual events were part of the programme and it was only in 1998 that authorisation was given for the addition of team sports. It is common for each edition since then to have a list of seven to ten mandatory sports that must be played in this edition and must be approved 4 years in advance. Thus, the minimum number of sports per edition is 10 and the maximum is of 17. However, local demands can also increase the number of sports contested. Notable cases are freestyle wrestling in Delhi 2010 and beach volleyball in Gold Coast 2018. Special exceptions can also be made, such as the one in the last edition held in Birmingham, England, in which 3 extra sports were added to the programme.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-82) The current rules also determine gender parity, whereby men and women have an equal (or broadly equal) share of events.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-83)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-84)
This rule was not exceptionally applied to the 2026 Games, as Glasgow took over as host on an emergency basis. As a result, the program will feature only 10 sports—the fewest number since the 1994 Games:[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBCSportsOct24-85)
There are a total of 23 sports (with three multi-disciplinary sports) and a ten [para-sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-sports "Para-sports") which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Archery at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1982, 2010 |
| [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1930–present |
| [Para Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1994, 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Badminton at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1966–2022 |
| [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") | | 2006, 2018 |
| [Basketball 3x3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2022–present |
| [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Boxing at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–present |
| [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cricket at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998, 2022 |
| [Cycling (Mountain Bike)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2006, 2014–present |
| [Cycling (Para Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2014–present |
| [Cycling (Road)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1938–present |
| [Cycling (Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1934–present |
| [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Diving at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–2022 |
| [Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hockey at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Gymnastics (Artistic)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1978, 1990–present |
| [Gymnastics (Rhythmic)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1978, 1990–1998, 2006–present |
| [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Judo at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1990, 2002, 2014 (Optional), 2022-present |
| [Lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–1962, 1970–present |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Para lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1994, 2002, 2014–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Netball (Women)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Netball at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–present |
| [Powerlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Shooting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1966, 1974–2018 |
| [Squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Squash at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1930–present |
| [Para swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2022 |
| [Para table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2022 |
| [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Triathlon at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2006, 2014–2022 |
| [Volleyball (beach)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball "Beach volleyball") | Optional | 2018–2022 |
| [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1950–present |
| [Wrestling (Freestyle)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |
In 2015, the Commonwealth Games Federation agreed large changes to the programme which increased the number of core sports, while removing a number of optionals, those removed are listed below.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-88)
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing "Canoeing") | Optional | Never[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-89) |
| [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rowing at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |
| [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_\(sport\) "Sailing (sport)") | Optional | Never |
| [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball "Softball") | Optional | Never |
| [Synchronised swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Synchronised swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | Core between 1986 and 2006 |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo "Taekwondo") | Optional | Never |
| [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2010 |
| [Ten-pin bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling "Ten-pin bowling") | Optional | 1998 |
| [Wrestling (Greco-Roman)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2010 |
Sports such as the following are sports which have been analysed by the Commonwealth Games Federation but which are deemed to need expansion in areas such as participation levels within the Commonwealth both at a national (International Federation) and grassroots athletics level, Marketability, Television Rights, Equity, and Hosting Expenses, per Regulation 6 of the Commonwealth Games Constitution;[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-CGFConstitutionRegulation6-90) host nations may not pick these sports for their program until the Federation's requirements are fulfilled.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Sports-91)
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Billiards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiards "Billiards") | Recognised | Never |
| [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Fencing at the Commonwealth Games") | Recognised | 1950–1970 |
| Association Football | Recognised | Never |
| [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf "Golf") | Recognised | 2026 |
| [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Handball "European Handball") | Recognised | Never |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Life saving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_saving "Life saving") | Recognised | Never |
| [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league") | Recognised | Never |
| [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball "Volleyball") (indoor) | Recognised | Never |
| [Water Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Polo "Water Polo") | Recognised | 1950 |
## Participating nations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Participating nations")\]
Main article: [List of participating nations at the Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "List of participating nations at the Commonwealth Games")
Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales. Australia has been the highest scoring team for thirteen games, England for seven, and Canada for one.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_years_participants.PNG)
Countries that have hosted, or plan to host, the event
Other countries that enter the games
Countries that have entered the games but no longer do so
0**•**0 Host cities and year of games
| | |
|---|---|
|  | This section may **require [cleanup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup "Wikipedia:Cleanup")** to meet Wikipedia's [quality standards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style "Wikipedia:Manual of Style"). The specific problem is: **The collapsed table is a good idea, but needs fixing by someone who understands the system.** Please help [improve this section](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Commonwealth_Games "Special:EditPage/Commonwealth Games") if you can. *(June 2025)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))* |
| Table of Team Participation by Commonwealth Games Edition | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Edition | [I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") | [II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") | [III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") | [IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") | [V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [VI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [VII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [VIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [IX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") | [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") | [XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") | [XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") | [XIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") | [XIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") | [XV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") | [XVI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") | [XVII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") | [XVIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") | [XIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") | [XX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") | [XXI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") | [XXII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") |
| Year | 1930 | 1934 | 1938 | 1950 | 1954 | 1958 | 1962 | 1966 | 1970 | 1974 | 1978 | 1982 | 1986 | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | 2022 | |
| Host Flag | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | |
| Host city | [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario") | [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London") | [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney "Sydney") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") | [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") | [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") | [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth") | [Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") | [Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch") | [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton") | [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") | [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia") | [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur") | [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester") | [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") | Delhi | [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") | [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland") | [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham") | |
| Participation \\\\ Host nation | Canada | England | Australia | New Zealand | Canada | [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | Australia | [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | New Zealand | Canada | Australia | [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | New Zealand | Canada | [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | England | Australia | [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | Australia | England | |
|  [Aden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Colony "Aden Colony")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla "Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda "Antigua and Barbuda") | 1966–1970, 1978, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas") | 1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh") | 1978, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados "Barbados") | 1954–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize "Belize")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1978, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda") | 1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana "Botswana") | 1974, 1982– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [British Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana "British Guiana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1930–1938, 1954–1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [British Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Honduras "British Honduras")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1962–1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands "British Virgin Islands") | 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Brunei Darussalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei "Brunei") | 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon "Cameroon") | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands "Cayman Islands") | 1978– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon "Dominion of Ceylon")[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n5-96) | 1938–1950, 1958–1970 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands "Cook Islands") | 1974–1978, 1986– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus "Cyprus") | 1978–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n24-97) | 2022– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands "Falkland Islands") | 1982– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji "Fiji")[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n6-98) | 1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia "The Gambia")[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n7-99) | 1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1958–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar "Gibraltar") | 1958– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_\(British_colony\) "Gold Coast (British colony)")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1954 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada "Grenada") | 1970–1982, 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey "Guernsey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1970– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong")[\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n10-102) | 1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | 1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  Ireland[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[n\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n12-104) | 1930 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man") | 1958– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | 1934, 1954–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1958– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya") | 1954–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati "Kiribati") | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho "Lesotho") | 1974– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi "Malawi") | 1970– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1950, 1958–1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | 1966–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives") | 1986–2014, 2022– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta "Malta") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1982– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius") | 1958, 1966–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat "Montserrat") | 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique "Mozambique") | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia "Namibia") | 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru "Nauru") | 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland "Dominion of Newfoundland")[\[p\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n15-106) | 1930–1934 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") | 1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") | 2002– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") | 1986– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo "Crown Colony of North Borneo")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland")[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[q\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n16-107) | 1934–1938, 1954– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia "Northern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1954–1958 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan") | 1954–1970, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea") | 1962–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland")[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda") | 2010– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla "Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena")[\[t\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n19-110) | 1982, 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia") | 1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") | 1958, 1966–1978, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles "Seychelles") | 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone "Sierra Leone") | 1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands "Solomon Islands") | 1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa") | 1930–1958, 1994– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia "Federation of South Arabia")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1934–1958 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka")[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n5-96) | 1974–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Swaziland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n24-97) | 1970–2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Tanganyika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_\(1961%E2%80%931964\) "Tanganyika (1961–1964)")[\[v\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n21-112) | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") | 1966–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga "Tonga") | 1974, 1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago") | 1934–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands") | 1978, 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu "Tuvalu") | 1998– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") | 1954–1974, 1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu "Vanuatu") | 1982– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | 1930– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Western Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1974–1994 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia")[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1970–1982, 1990– | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe")[\[w\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n22-113) | 1982, 1990–2002 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Legend | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Participated Withdrew for political reason Not eligible to participate To be determined | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
***
| | |
|---|---|
| Nation | Years of participation |
|  [Aden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Colony "Aden Colony")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1962 |
|  [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla "Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1998– |
|  [Australasia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasia_at_the_Olympics "Australasia at the Olympics") | 1911 |
|  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda "Antigua and Barbuda") | 1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |
|  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | 1930– |
|  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas") | 1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh") | 1978, 1990– |
|  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados "Barbados") | 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize "Belize")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1978, 1994– |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda") | 1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana "Botswana") | 1974, 1982– |
|  [British Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana "British Guiana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1930–1938, 1954–1962 |
|  [British Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Honduras "British Honduras")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1962–1966 |
|  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands "British Virgin Islands") | 1990– |
|  [Brunei Darussalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei "Brunei") | 1990– |
|  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon "Cameroon") | 1998– |
|  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | 1911, 1930– |
|  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands "Cayman Islands") | 1978– |
|  [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon "Dominion of Ceylon")[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n5-96) | 1938–1950, 1958–1970 |
|  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands "Cook Islands") | 1974–1978, 1986– |
|  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus "Cyprus") | 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |
|  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | 1930– |
|  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini") | 2022– |
|  [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands "Falkland Islands") | 1982– |
|  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji "Fiji")[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n6-98) | 1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |
|  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon "Gabon") | 2026– |
|  [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia "The Gambia")[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n7-99) | 1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |
|  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1958–1982, 1990– |
|  [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar "Gibraltar") | 1958– |
|  [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_\(British_colony\) "Gold Coast (British colony)")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1954 |
|  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada "Grenada") | 1970–1982, 1998– |
|  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey "Guernsey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1970– |
|  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong "British Hong Kong")[\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n10-102) | 1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |
|  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | 1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  Ireland[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[n\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n12-104) | 1930 |
|  [Irish Free State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State "Irish Free State")[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103) | 1934 |
|  [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man") | 1958– |
|  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | 1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1958– |
|  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya") | 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati "Kiribati") | 1998– |
|  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho "Lesotho") | 1974– |
|  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi "Malawi") | 1970– |
|  [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1950, 1958–1962 |
|  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives")[\[x\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n14-118) | 1986–2014, 2022– |
|  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta "Malta") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |
| Nation | Years of participation |
|  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius") | 1958–1982, 1990– |
|  [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat "Montserrat") | 1994– |
|  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique "Mozambique") | 1998– |
|  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia "Namibia") | 1994– |
|  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru "Nauru") | 1990– |
|  [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland "Dominion of Newfoundland")[\[p\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n15-106) | 1930–1934 |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | 1930– |
|  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") | 1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") | 2002– |
|  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") | 1986–[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-120) |
|  [North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo "Crown Colony of North Borneo")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 |
|  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland")[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[q\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n16-107) | 1934–1938, 1954– |
|  [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia "Northern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1954–1958 |
|  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan") | 1954–1970, 1990– |
|  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea") | 1962–1982, 1990– |
|  [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1962 |
|  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda") | 2010– |
|  [Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla "Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1978 |
|  [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena")[\[t\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n19-110) | 1982, 1998– |
|  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1990– |
|  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia") | 1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |
|  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") | 1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |
|  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1998– |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 |
|  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | 1930– |
|  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles "Seychelles") | 1990– |
|  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone "Sierra Leone") | 1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |
|  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958– |
|  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands "Solomon Islands") | 1982, 1990– |
|  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa") | 1911–1958, 1994– |
|  [South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia "Federation of South Arabia")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1966 |
|  [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1934–1958 |
|  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") | 1974–1982, 1990– |
|  [Swaziland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n24-97) | 1970–2018 |
|  [Tanganyika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_\(1961%E2%80%931964\) "Tanganyika (1961–1964)")[\[v\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n21-112) | 1962 |
|  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") | 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo "Togo") | 2026– |
|  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga "Tonga") | 1974, 1982, 1990– |
|  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago") | 1934–1982, 1990– |
|  [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands") | 1978, 1998– |
|  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu "Tuvalu") | 2002– |
|  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") | 1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |
|  [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") | 1911[\[y\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n23-122) |
|  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu "Vanuatu") | 1982– |
|  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | 1930– |
|  [Western Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1974–1994 |
|  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia")[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1970–1982, 1990– |
|  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe")[\[w\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n22-113) | 1982, 1990–2002 |
### Commonwealth nations yet to send teams
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Commonwealth nations yet to send teams")\]
Very few Commonwealth nations and dependencies have yet to take part:[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_of_Nations_2014-123)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-124)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-McConnachie_2014-125)
- [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon "Gabon") and [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo "Togo"), the most recent members to join the Commonwealth in 2022, became part of the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") in 2023 and are expected to make their debut in the 2026 edition.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_Sport_2023-126)
- [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokelau "Tokelau"), a dependency of [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand"), was expected to take part for the first time at the 2010 Games in Delhi but did not do so.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-127) In 2018, Tokelau was noted to be ineligible for the Commonwealth Games until it became affiliated to at least five [international sport federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sport_federations "International sport federations").[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-RNZ_2018-128)
- [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Island "Christmas Island") and the [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_\(Keeling\)_Islands "Cocos (Keeling) Islands"), both [external territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia "States and territories of Australia") of Australia like [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island"), have not yet sent teams of their own.
- The [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands "Pitcairn Islands"), a [British Overseas Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory "British Overseas Territory"), does not compete due to its small population (around 50 people).[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Pitcairn-129)
Other inhabited territories and [autonomous regions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division "Autonomous administrative division") within the Commonwealth, such as [Ascension Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island "Ascension Island") and [Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha "Tristan da Cunha") (parts of the British Overseas Territory of [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha")), [Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevis "Nevis") (a federal entity of the [Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis")), [Rodrigues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues "Rodrigues") (an [outer island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius "Outer Islands of Mauritius") of [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius")), and [Zanzibar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar "Zanzibar") (a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania), are not considered to be separate associated or overseas territories by the Commonwealth[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_of_Nations_2014-123) and so are unlikely to be eligible.
### Rejected participants
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Rejected participants")\]
Campaigners from the [English county](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_county "English county") of [Cornwall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall "Cornwall") asked the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") to allow Cornwall to participate independently in the 2006 Games, but were rejected by the CGF, which stated that "Cornwall is no more than an English county" and advised Cornwall athletes to compete on the [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") team.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBC_NEWS_2006-130)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Harris_2006-131) Cornwall political party [Mebyon Kernow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mebyon_Kernow "Mebyon Kernow") unsuccessfully called for a Cornwall team at the 2022 Games.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Hart_2022-132)
The [Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus") applied to take part in the 2006 Games, but was rejected due to a lack of [international recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition "International recognition").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBC_NEWS_2006-130)
## Controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Controversies")\]
### Host city contract
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=27 "Edit section: Host city contract")\]
The [1934 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games"), originally awarded in 1930 to [Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg "Johannesburg"), were moved to London after South Africa's pre-[apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") government refused to allow participants of colour.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Gorman2012-133)
The [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") were originally awarded to [Durban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban "Durban") on 2 September 2015, at the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") General Assembly in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland").[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-134) It was reported in February 2017 that Durban may be unable to host the games due to financial constraints. On 13 March 2017, the CGF stripped Durban of their rights to host and reopened the bidding process for the 2022 games.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-135) Many cities from Australia, Canada, England and Malaysia expressed interest to host the games. However, the CGF received only one official bid and that was from [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-136) On 21 December 2017, [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham") was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban's replacement host.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-137)
A joint bid from 6 cities of the [Victoria State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(state\) "Victoria (state)") in Australia was selected to host the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games"). On 18 July 2023, the Premier of Victoria [Dan Andrews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Andrews "Daniel Andrews") announced that the state was giving up on hosting the event due a significant increase in event forecast. Initial costs estimated an investment of approximately[A\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_dollar "Australian dollar")2\.6 billion, but the new prospects were resulting to be closer to A\$6–7 billion.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-138)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-139) On 18 July 2023, the [Victorian state government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_state_government "Victorian state government") announced it had cancelled its plans to host the games, citing an escalation in its cost projections relative to initial estimations. With no host city, there was a possibility that the games would be postponed to 2027 or cancelled.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:7-140)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-141)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:CancelledGuardian-142) However, on 17 September 2024, it was announced that the Scottish Government had agreed to host the 2026 games in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games").[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-143)
### Boycotts
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=28 "Edit section: Boycotts")\]
Much like the [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games"), the Commonwealth Games have also experienced boycotts:
[Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") boycotted the [1978 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") at [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton") in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid")\-era South Africa. [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") also stayed away, in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of [Idi Amin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin "Idi Amin").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-MacintoshHawes1994-35)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Edmonton-144)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1986_Commonwealth_Games_\(Edinburgh\)_boycotting_countries_\(red\).png)
Countries that boycotted the 1986 Games are shaded red
During the [1986 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") at [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), a majority of the Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the [Thatcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher "Margaret Thatcher") government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with [apartheid South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_South_Africa "Apartheid South Africa") in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-145) The boycotting nations were [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda "Antigua and Barbuda"), [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados "Barbados"), [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas"), [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh"), [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda"), [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize "Belize"), [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus "Cyprus"), [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica"), [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia "The Gambia"), [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana"), [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana"), [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada "Grenada"), [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India"), [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica"), [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya"), [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia"), [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria"), [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan"), [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea"), [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands "Solomon Islands"), [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka"), [St. Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"), [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone "Sierra Leone"), [St. Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis"), [St. Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia"), [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius"), [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago"), [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania"), [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands"), [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda"), [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia") and [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-146) Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-147)
### Protests
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Protests")\]
The [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") took place amid mass protests for [Australian Aboriginal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal "Australian Aboriginal") rights. The controversial [Joh Bjelke-Petersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen "Joh Bjelke-Petersen") state government had been repeatedly been challenged by the [Queensland Council for Civil Liberties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Council_for_Civil_Liberties "Queensland Council for Civil Liberties") over the restrictions it placed on freedom of speech, freedom of association and freedom to protest. The [Government of Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Queensland "Government of Queensland") did not recognise Aboriginal land rights. Queensland also placed severe legal restrictions on Aboriginal people through the "Aboriginal Act 1971".
Aboriginal activists including [Gary Foley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Foley "Gary Foley") planned mass demonstrations in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") during the week of the games, dubbed the "Stolenwealth Games". In response, Queensland passed "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" to restrict protests in or near the event. When Aboriginal activists and their supporters marched anyway, hundreds were arrested. The protests were recorded in the documentary "Guniwaya Ngigu".
Further "Stolenwealth Games" protests took place during the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") in [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") and [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") on the [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland").[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-148)
## Financial implications
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: Financial implications")\]
The estimated cost of the [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") in Delhi was US\$11 billion, according to *[Business Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Today_\(India\) "Business Today (India)")* magazine.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-149) The initial total budget estimated by the [Indian Olympic Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Olympic_Association "Indian Olympic Association") in 2003 was US\$250 million. In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated US\$1.8 billion, a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-150) The 2010 Commonwealth Games is reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-151)
An analysis conducted by [PricewaterhouseCoopers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers "PricewaterhouseCoopers") on the [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games"), [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games"), [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") and [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") Commonwealth Games found that each dollar spent by governments on operating costs, games venues and athletes' villages generated US\$2 for the host city or state economies, with an average of more than 18,000 jobs generated by each of the events.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-152)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-153) Additionally, all four cities enjoyed long-term improvements to transport or other infrastructure through hosting the Games, while some also benefited from the revival of struggling precincts.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-154)
An analysis conducted by [Ernst & Young](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young "Ernst & Young") found that the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") generated an estimated economic impact of \$2.5 billion, while the venues constructed and upgraded for the Games generated over \$60 million in economic benefit annually to the Gold Coast, with the success of the 2018 Commonwealth Games credited with helping Brisbane to secure hosting rights for the [2032 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics "2032 Summer Olympics").[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-155)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-156)
## Notable competitors
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=31 "Edit section: Notable competitors")\]
Lawn bowler [Willie Wood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Wood_\(bowler\) "Willie Wood (bowler)") from [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") was the first competitor to have competed in seven Commonwealth Games, from 1974 to 2002, a record equalled in 2014 by [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man") cyclist [Andrew Roche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Roche "Andrew Roche").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-157) They have both been surpassed by [David Calvert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Calvert_\(sport_shooter\) "David Calvert (sport shooter)") of [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") who in 2018 attended his 11th games.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-158)
[Sitiveni Rabuka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka "Sitiveni Rabuka") was a Prime Minister of [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji "Fiji"). Beforehand he represented Fiji in shot put, hammer throw, discus and the decathlon at the 1974 [British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Games "British Commonwealth Games") held in Christchurch, New Zealand.
[Greg Yelavich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Yelavich "Greg Yelavich"), a sports shooter from New Zealand, has won 12 medals in seven games from 1986 to 2010.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Greg_Yelavich_Olympic_success-159)
Lawn bowler [Robert Weale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Weale "Robert Weale") has represented Wales in 8 Commonwealth Games, 1986–2014, winning 2 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-160)
Nauruan weightlifter [Marcus Stephen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Stephen "Marcus Stephen") won twelve medals at the Games between 1990 and 2002, of which seven gold, and was elected [President of Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Nauru "President of Nauru") in 2007. His performance has helped place Nauru (the smallest independent state in the Commonwealth, at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi) and with a population of fewer than 9,400 in 2011) in twenty-second place on the [all-time Commonwealth Games medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
Australian swimmer [Ian Thorpe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Thorpe "Ian Thorpe") has won 10 Commonwealth Games gold medals and 1 silver medal. At the [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") in Kuala Lumpur, he won 4 gold medals. At the [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") in Manchester, he won 6 gold medals and 1 silver medal.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-161)
[Chad le Clos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_le_Clos "Chad le Clos"), South Africa's most decorated swimmer, has won 18 medals from four Commonwealth Games (2010, 2014, 2018 & 2022), seven of which are gold. At the [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") in Glasgow, he won two gold medals, one silver medal, and four bronze medals.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-162) At the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") in [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), he won three golds, a silver and a bronze.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-163)
English actor [Jason Statham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Statham "Jason Statham") took part as a diver in the 1990 Commonwealth Games.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-164)
At the [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), Australian singer [Cody Simpson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cody_Simpson "Cody Simpson") won a gold medal as a swimmer at the [men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_freestyle_relay "Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay") and a silver at the [men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_medley_relay "Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay").[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-165)
## Media coverage
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Media coverage")\]
The [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC") was the principal broadcaster from 1954 to 2022 apart from the first four editions in 1930, 1934, 1938 and 1950. On 19 December 2025, it is announced that the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") in Glasgow will be shown live on [TNT Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_Sports "TNT Sports") for the first time on paywall television instead on free-to-air television.
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=33 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [Sports portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sports "Portal:Sports")
- [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games")
- [Commonwealth Mountain and Ultradistance Running Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Mountain_and_Ultradistance_Running_Championships "Commonwealth Mountain and Ultradistance Running Championships")
- [List of Commonwealth Games venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_venues "List of Commonwealth Games venues")
- [List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stamps_depicting_the_Commonwealth_Games "List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games")
- [List of Commonwealth Games mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_mascots "List of Commonwealth Games mascots")
## Notes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=34 "Edit section: Notes")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-3)** Which also refers itself as the **Comm Games**.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-2)
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-3) Aden later joined South Arabia in 1963 and departed the Commonwealth in 1967.
3. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-5) Anguilla was completely separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1980 and remaining Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent from the United Kingdom in 1983.
4. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-3) British Honduras was renamed Belize in 1973.
5. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-3) British Guiana was renamed Guyana in 1966.
6. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-2) Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
7. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-2) Swaziland was renamed Eswatini in 2018.
8. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n6_98-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n6_98-1) Fiji was re-suspended from the Commonwealth and the 2010 Games in 2009.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10594683-114) Fiji's suspension from the Commonwealth was lifted in time for the 2014 Games following [democratic elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election "2014 Fijian general election") in March 2014.
9. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n7_99-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n7_99-1) The Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2013, but rejoined on 8 February 2018; The Gambia was readmitted to the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") in March 2018.
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-3) Gold Coast (British colony) was renamed Ghana in 1957.
11. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-3) Including neighbouring Islands.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n10_102-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n10_102-1) Hong Kong was never a Commonwealth member but was a territory of a Commonwealth country; it ceased to be in the Commonwealth when the territory was [handed over](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong "Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong") to China in 1997.
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-4) Ireland was represented as a single team from the whole of the [island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland "Ireland") in 1930, and by two teams, representing the Irish Free State, and Northern Ireland in 1934. The Irish Free State was officially renamed [Éire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland "Republic of Ireland") in 1937 but did not participate in the 1938 Games, and withdrew from the Commonwealth when it unilaterally declared that it was the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949.
14. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n12_104-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n12_104-1) Contemporary illustrations show Green Flag used for the Irish team.
15. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-7) Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore federated as Malaysia in 1963. Singapore was expelled from the federation in 1965, becoming a sovereign country.
16. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n15_106-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n15_106-1) Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-119)
17. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n16_107-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n16_107-1) The [Ulster Banner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Banner "Ulster Banner") was the flag of the former Government of Northern Ireland only between 1953 and 1972, but the flag has been regarded as flag of Northern Ireland since 1924 among [unionists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland "Unionism in Ireland") and [loyalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_loyalism "Ulster loyalism"). The Ulster Banner is the sporting flag of Northern Ireland in other events such as the [FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup "FIFA World Cup") and in the [FIVB Volleyball World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_World_Championship_\(disambiguation\) "FIVB Volleyball World Championship (disambiguation)").
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-4) Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia competed separately in 1954 and 1958 while both were part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
19. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-7) Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia federated with Nyasaland in 1953 as [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland"), which dissolved at the end of 1963 and became Zambia in 1964.
20. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n19_110-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n19_110-1) Under the name of "[Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena")" in the Commonwealth Games.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-121) [Ascension Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island "Ascension Island") and [Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha "Tristan da Cunha") were dependencies of Saint Helena, so the territory was officially called "Saint Helena and Dependencies" until 2009. Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha became equal parts of [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") in 2009.
21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-3) Western Samoa was renamed Samoa in 1997.
22. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n21_112-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n21_112-1) Zanzibar and Tanganyika federated to form Tanzania in 1964.
23. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n22_113-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n22_113-1) Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003.
24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n14_118-0)** The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2016,[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-115) but was re-admitted in 2020.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-116)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-117)
25. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n23_122-0)** United Kingdom were the host of the Inter-Empire Championships in 1911. This event was held before the 1st edition of the Games held in Hamilton, Canada in 1930.
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: References")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-1)**
["Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133). *Triple M*. Archived from [the original](https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133) on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-2)**
Allan, Steve. ["COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES \| NBN News"](https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/). Retrieved 7 December 2022.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-4)**
["History of the Games"](https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games). *Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games*. Archived from [the original](https://gc2018.com/history-games) on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-5)**
Keating, Steve (31 July 2022). ["'Friendly Games' have an edge when India play Pakistan at cricket"](https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/friendly-games-have-an-edge-when-india-play-pakistan-cricket-2022-07-31/). *Reuters*. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-6)**
["Commonwealth Games: Australia drop out could be 'death knell'"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229577). 18 July 2023.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-7)**
["The Commonwealth Games is on its last legs — but could it be saved with a left-field idea?"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-05/commonwealth-games-could-be-over/103188826). *ABC News*. 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-8)**
["Commonwealth Games 2026: Scaled-down, cost-effective Glasgow event proposed"](https://www.bbc.com/sport/commonwealth-games/68792008). *BBC Sport*. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-9)**
["King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp). *BBC News*. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp) from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-10)**
["Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts"](https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o). *BBC Sport*. 26 November 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2026.
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-ANETT_11-0)**
["J Astley Cooper"](http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/). *Anent Scottish Running*. 25 August 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-12)** [Arnd Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnd_Kr%C3%BCger "Arnd Krüger") (1986): War John Astley Cooper der Erfinder der modernen Olympischen Spiele? In: LOUIS BURGENER u. a. (Hrsg.): *Sport und Kultur*, Bd. 6. Bern: Lang, 72 – 81.
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-13)**
Riordan, Jim (11 September 2002). [*The International Politics of Sport in the Twentieth Century*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AgN6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4). [Taylor & Francis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"). p. 4. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781135817275](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135817275 "Special:BookSources/9781135817275")
.
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-14)**
Dunn, John F. (16 March 1986). ["STAMPS; NEW BOOKLET"](https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/16/arts/stamps-new-booklet.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/16/arts/stamps-new-booklet.html) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-15)**
["FESTIVAL OF EMPIRE GAMES"](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/204490892). *[Evening Journal (Adelaide)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_Journal_\(Adelaide\) "Evening Journal (Adelaide)")*. 21 April 1911. p. 2. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-16)**
["COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS"](http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/). *GBR Athletics*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/) from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-17)**
["Empire Sports"](https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55). *Papers Past*. 21 August 1911. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-18)**
Griffin, Frederick (9 August 1930). ["Hamilton's Amazing Empire Athletic Meet"](https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-aug-09-1930-3160191/). *[Winnipeg Free Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press "Winnipeg Free Press")*. Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 27. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230528185244/https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-aug-09-1930-3160191/) from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-TOP_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-TOP_19-1)
["History of the Commonwealth Games"](https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm). *Topend Sports*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-20)**
["Nations"](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations). London, UK: Commonwealth Sport. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations) from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-H30_21-0)**
["Hamilton 1930"](https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930). *[Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-E30_22-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-E30_22-1)
["1930 Empire Games"](http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/). *Anent Scottish Running*. 22 August 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-23)**
["Hamilton 1930"](https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
23. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-:0_24-0)**
Jamie Bradburn (21 July 2015). ["The British Empire Games of 1930"](http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/). Torontoist.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/) from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-25)**
["London 1934"](https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
25. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-26)**
["Sydney 1938"](https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
26. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-27)**
["Auckland 1950"](https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
27. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-28)**
["Vancouver 1954"](https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
28. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-29)**
["Cardiff 1958"](https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
29. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-30)** Brown and Hogsbjerg, *Apartheid is not a game*, 16
30. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-31)**
["Perth 1962"](https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
31. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-32)**
["Kingston 1966"](https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
32. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-33)**
["Edinburgh 1970"](https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
33. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-34)**
["Christchurch 1974"](https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
34. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-MacintoshHawes1994_35-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-MacintoshHawes1994_35-1)
Donald Macintosh; Michael Hawes; Donna Ruth Greenhorn; David Ross Black (5 April 1994). [*Sport and Canadian Diplomacy*](https://books.google.com/books?id=G_TwFYjUfssC&pg=PA81). McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 81–. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-7735-1161-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1161-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1161-3")
. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170320234758/https://books.google.com/books?id=G_TwFYjUfssC&pg=PA81) from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
35. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-36)**
["Edmonton 1978"](https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
36. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-37)**
["Brisbane 1982"](https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
37. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-38)**
["Edinburgh 1986"](https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
38. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-39)**
["Auckland 1990"](https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
39. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-40)**
["Pakistan"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK). *thecgf.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK) on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
40. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-41)**
["Victoria 1994"](https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
41. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-42)**
["Kuala Lumpur 1998"](https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
42. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-43)**
["Manchester 2002"](https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
43. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-44)**
York, Geoffrey (18 November 2024). ["Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections"](https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/). The Globe & Mail. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/) from the original on 2 January 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
44. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-45)**
["Melbourne 2006"](https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006). *Commonwealth Games Federation*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006) from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
45. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-46)**
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102. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-127)**
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
126. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-151)** [Melbourne 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games")
127. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-152)**
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## Sources
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: Sources")\]
- Brown, Geoff and Hogsbjerg, Christian. *Apartheid is not a Game: Remembering the Stop the Seventy Tour campaign.* London: Redwords, 2020.
[ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781912926589](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781912926589 "Special:BookSources/9781912926589")
.
## Further reading
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: Further reading")\]
- Phillips, Bob. *Honour of Empire, Glory of Sport: the history of athletics at the Commonwealth Games.* Manchester: Parrswood Press, 2000.
[ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781903158098](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903158098 "Special:BookSources/9781903158098")
.
## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=38 "Edit section: External links")\]
**Commonwealth Games** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg)[Definitions](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Commonwealth_Games "wikt:Special:Search/Commonwealth Games") from Wiktionary
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games "c:Category:Commonwealth Games") from Commons
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg)[News](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games "n:Category:Commonwealth Games") from Wikinews
- [Data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178340 "d:Q178340") from Wikidata
- [Official website](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/)
- [Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) at the Commonwealth website](https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/the-commonwealth-games/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240421042142/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/the-commonwealth-games/) 21 April 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- ["Commonwealth Games"](https://www.britannica.com/sports/Commonwealth-Games). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica "Encyclopædia Britannica")* Online.
- [insidethegames – the latest and most up to date news and interviews from the world of Olympic, Commonwealth and Paralympic Games](http://www.insidethegames.biz/)
- [ATR – Around the Rings – the Business Surrounding the Multi-sport events](http://www.aroundtherings.com/)
- [GamesBids.com – An Authoritative Review of Games Bid Business (home of the BidIndex™)](http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Sport "Template:Commonwealth Sport") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Sport "Template talk:Commonwealth Sport") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Sport "Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Sport")[Commonwealth Games]() | | |
|---|---|---|
| [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") [Bids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_Commonwealth_Games "Bids for Commonwealth Games") [CGAs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Association "Commonwealth Games Association") [Participating nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "List of participating nations at the Commonwealth Games") [Commonwealth Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Day "Commonwealth Day") [Inter-Empire Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Empire_Championships "Inter-Empire Championships") [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Baton_Relay "King's Baton Relay") [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table") [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") [Records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_records "Commonwealth Games records") [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_venues "List of Commonwealth Games venues") [Mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_mascots "List of Commonwealth Games mascots") [Results](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_results_index "Commonwealth Games results index") [Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") [Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") [Esports Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Esports_Championships "Commonwealth Esports Championships") | | |
| [Commonwealth Games]() | [1930 Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") [1934 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") [1938 Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") [1950 Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") [1954 Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1958 Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1962 Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1966 Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1970 Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") [1974 Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") [1978 Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") [1982 Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") [1986 Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") [1990 Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") [1994 Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") [1998 Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") [2002 Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") [2006 Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") [2010 Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") [2014 Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") [2018 Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") [2022 Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") *[2026 Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games")* *[2030 Amdavad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games")* | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_Federation_symbol_\(2019-_Till_Date\).svg "Seal of the Commonwealth Games Federation") |
| [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") | [2000 Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2000 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2004 Bendigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2004 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2008 Pune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2008 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2011 Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2011 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2015 Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2015 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2017 Nassau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2017 Commonwealth Youth Games") [2023 Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2023 Commonwealth Youth Games") *[2027 Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2027_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2027 Commonwealth Youth Games")* | |
| [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") | [1958 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") [1962 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") [1966 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") [1970 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") | |
| [Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") | [1962 Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") [1966 Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") [1970 Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") [1974 Dunedin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") | |
|  [**Category**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games "Category:Commonwealth Games") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [**Commons**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games "commons:Category:Commonwealth Games") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Sports "Template:Commonwealth Games Sports") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Games_Sports "Template talk:Commonwealth Games Sports") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Sports "Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Games Sports")[Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") at the [Commonwealth Games]() | |
|---|---|
| Core sports | [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") |
| Optional sports | [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Boxing at the Commonwealth Games") [Track Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") [Artistic Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Judo at the Commonwealth Games") [Lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") [Netball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Netball at the Commonwealth Games") [Road Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") & [Para Powerlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_powerlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Para powerlifting at the Commonwealth Games") |
| Past sports | [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Archery at the Commonwealth Games") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Badminton at the Commonwealth Games") [Beach Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Beach volleyball at the Commonwealth Games") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cricket at the Commonwealth Games") [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Diving at the Commonwealth Games") [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Fencing at the Commonwealth Games") [Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hockey at the Commonwealth Games") [Mountain Biking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") [Rhythmic Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rowing at the Commonwealth Games") [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Shooting at the Commonwealth Games") [Squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Squash at the Commonwealth Games") [Synchronised swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Synchronized swimming at the Commonwealth Games") [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Ten-pin bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ten-pin bowling at the Commonwealth Games") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Triathlon at the Commonwealth Games") [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Water_Polo_Championships "Commonwealth Water Polo Championships") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") |
| Demonstration sports | [Australian Rules Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Rules_Football "Australian Rules Football") [Lacrosse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrosse "Lacrosse") [Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo "Polo") [Sepaktakraw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepaktakraw "Sepaktakraw") [Show Jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_Jumping "Show Jumping") [Silambam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silambam "Silambam") [Silat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat "Silat") [Wushu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wushu_\(sport\) "Wushu (sport)") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Associations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Template:Associations at the Commonwealth Games") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Associations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Template talk:Associations at the Commonwealth Games") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Associations_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Special:EditPage/Template:Associations at the Commonwealth Games")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_Federation_symbol_\(2019-_Till_Date\).svg) [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Association "Commonwealth Games Association") | | |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Botswana at the Commonwealth Games") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cameroon at the Commonwealth Games") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Eswatini at the Commonwealth Games") [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "The Gambia at the Commonwealth Games") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ghana at the Commonwealth Games") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Kenya at the Commonwealth Games") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lesotho at the Commonwealth Games") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malawi at the Commonwealth Games") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Mauritius at the Commonwealth Games") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Mozambique at the Commonwealth Games") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Namibia at the Commonwealth Games") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Nigeria at the Commonwealth Games") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rwanda at the Commonwealth Games") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Seychelles at the Commonwealth Games") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Sierra Leone at the Commonwealth Games") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tanzania at the Commonwealth Games") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Uganda at the Commonwealth Games") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Zambia at the Commonwealth Games") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2014CWG_prelim_countries_map.PNG) |
| Americas | [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bahamas at the Commonwealth Games") [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Belize at the Commonwealth Games") [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bermuda at the Commonwealth Games") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Canada at the Commonwealth Games") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Falkland Islands at the Commonwealth Games") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Guyana at the Commonwealth Games") [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Helena at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| Asia | [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Bangladesh at the Commonwealth Games") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Brunei at the Commonwealth Games") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malaysia at the Commonwealth Games") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Maldives at the Commonwealth Games") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "India at the Commonwealth Games") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Singapore at the Commonwealth Games") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Sri Lanka at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| Caribbean | [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Anguilla at the Commonwealth Games") [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Antigua and Barbuda at the Commonwealth Games") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Barbados at the Commonwealth Games") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "British Virgin Islands at the Commonwealth Games") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cayman Islands at the Commonwealth Games") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Dominica at the Commonwealth Games") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Grenada at the Commonwealth Games") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Jamaica at the Commonwealth Games") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Montserrat at the Commonwealth Games") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the Commonwealth Games") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Lucia at the Commonwealth Games") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Commonwealth Games") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Trinidad and Tobago at the Commonwealth Games") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Turks and Caicos Islands at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| Europe | [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cyprus at the Commonwealth Games") [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "England at the Commonwealth Games") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gibraltar at the Commonwealth Games") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Guernsey at the Commonwealth Games") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Jersey at the Commonwealth Games") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Malta at the Commonwealth Games") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Northern Ireland at the Commonwealth Games") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Scotland at the Commonwealth Games") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wales at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| Oceania | [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Australia at the Commonwealth Games") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cook Islands at the Commonwealth Games") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Fiji at the Commonwealth Games") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Kiribati at the Commonwealth Games") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Nauru at the Commonwealth Games") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Niue at the Commonwealth Games") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Norfolk Island at the Commonwealth Games") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Papua New Guinea at the Commonwealth Games") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Samoa at the Commonwealth Games") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Solomon Islands at the Commonwealth Games") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tonga at the Commonwealth Games") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tuvalu at the Commonwealth Games") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Vanuatu at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| Former | [British North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_North_Borneo_at_the_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "British North Borneo at the British Empire and Commonwealth Games (page does not exist)") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hong Kong at the Commonwealth Games") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_British_Empire_Games "Ireland at the British Empire Games") [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newfoundland_at_the_British_Empire_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "Newfoundland at the British Empire Games (page does not exist)") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_at_the_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "Sarawak at the British Empire and Commonwealth Games (page does not exist)") [Federation of South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Federation of South Arabia at the Commonwealth Games") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Zimbabwe at the Commonwealth Games") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Championships "Template:Commonwealth Championships") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Championships "Template talk:Commonwealth Championships") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Championships "Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Championships")[Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") sports championships | |
|---|---|
| Team sports | [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Volleyball_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Volleyball Championships (page does not exist)") [Beach Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Beach_Volleyball_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Beach Volleyball Championships (page does not exist)") [Futsal](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Futsal_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Futsal Championships (page does not exist)") [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Handball_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Handball Championships (page does not exist)") [Korfball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Korfball_Championships "Commonwealth Korfball Championships") [Water Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Water_Polo_Championships "Commonwealth Water Polo Championships") |
| Individual sports | [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Archery_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Archery Championships (page does not exist)") [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Athletics_U23_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Athletics U23 Championships (page does not exist)") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Badminton_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Badminton Championships (page does not exist)") [Bodybuilding](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Bodybuilding_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Bodybuilding Championships (page does not exist)") [Bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Challenge_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Challenge Cup (page does not exist)") [Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Nations_Bridge_Championships "Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships") [Chess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Chess_Championship "Commonwealth Chess Championship") [Cross Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Cross_Country_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Cross Country Championships (page does not exist)") [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Cycling_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Cycling Championships (page does not exist)") [Draughts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Draughts_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Draughts Championship (page does not exist)") [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Equestrian_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Equestrian Championships (page does not exist)") [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Fencing_Championships "Commonwealth Fencing Championships") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Golf_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Golf Championships (page does not exist)") [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Gymnastics_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Gymnastics Championships (page does not exist)") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Judo_Championships "Commonwealth Judo Championships") [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Karate_Championships "Commonwealth Karate Championships") [Mountain and Ultra Distance Running](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Mountain_and_Ultra_Distance_Running_Championships "Commonwealth Mountain and Ultra Distance Running Championships") [Orienteering](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Orienteering_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Orienteering Championships (page does not exist)") [Pool Lifesaving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Pool_Lifesaving_Championships "Commonwealth Pool Lifesaving Championships") Powerlifting [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Rowing_Championships "Commonwealth Rowing Championships") [Rhythmic Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships "Commonwealth Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships") [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Sailing_Championships "Commonwealth Sailing Championships") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Shooting_Championships "Commonwealth Shooting Championships") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Swimming_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Swimming Championships (page does not exist)") [Table Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Table_Tennis_Championships "Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Tennis_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Tennis Championships (page does not exist)") [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Taekwondo_Championships "Commonwealth Taekwondo Championships") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Triathlon_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Triathlon Championships (page does not exist)") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Weightlifting_Championships "Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Wrestling_Championships "Commonwealth Wrestling Championships") [Wushu](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Wushu_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "Commonwealth Wushu Championships (page does not exist)") |
| [Commonwealth Games]() - [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") - [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") - [Commonwealth Esports Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Esports_Championships "Commonwealth Esports Championships") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics "Template:Commonwealth of Nations topics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics "Template talk:Commonwealth of Nations topics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics "Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth of Nations topics")[Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") topics | |
|---|---|
| History | [British Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") [Key documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_key_documents "Template:Commonwealth of Nations key documents") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Timeline of the Commonwealth of Nations") |
| Governance | [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth") ([Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III")) [Secretariat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat "Commonwealth Secretariat") [Secretary-General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General "Commonwealth Secretary-General") ([Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Ayorkor_Botchwey "Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey")) [Deputy Secretaries-General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Deputy_Secretary-General "Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General") [Marlborough House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlborough_House "Marlborough House") [Commonwealth Youth Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Programme "Commonwealth Youth Programme") |
| [Heads of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_heads_of_government "List of Commonwealth heads of government") | [Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting "Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting") [Chair-in-Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Chair-in-Office "Commonwealth Chair-in-Office") ([Fiamē\_Naomi\_Mataʻafa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa "Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa")) [Ministerial Action Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Ministerial_Action_Group "Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group") |
| [Commonwealth Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Family "Commonwealth Family") | [Association of Commonwealth Universities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities "Association of Commonwealth Universities") [Commonwealth Business Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Business_Council "Commonwealth Business Council") [Commonwealth Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation "Commonwealth Foundation") [Commonwealth Games Federation]() [Commonwealth free trade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_free_trade "Commonwealth free trade") [Commonwealth Parliamentary Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association "Commonwealth Parliamentary Association") [Commonwealth War Graves Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission "Commonwealth War Graves Commission") [BECM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Museum "British Empire and Commonwealth Museum") [CBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Broadcasting_Association "Commonwealth Broadcasting Association") [CET](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Education_Trust "Commonwealth Education Trust") [CHRI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Human_Rights_Initiative "Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative") [CJIA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Round_Table_\(journal\) "The Round Table (journal)") [CoL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Learning "Commonwealth of Learning") [CLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Lawyers_Association "Commonwealth Lawyers Association") [CLGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Local_Government_Forum "Commonwealth Local Government Forum") [CPSU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Policy_Studies_Unit "Commonwealth Policy Studies Unit") [CPU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Press_Union "Commonwealth Press Union") [CSFP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Scholarship_and_Fellowship_Plan "Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan") [ESU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-Speaking_Union "English-Speaking Union") [ICS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Commonwealth_Studies "Institute of Commonwealth Studies") [RCEL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Ex-Services_League "Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League") [RCS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Society "Royal Commonwealth Society") [ROSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League "Royal Over-Seas League") [SSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Seekers "Sound Seekers") |
| [Members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations") | [Membership criteria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations_membership_criteria "Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria") [Special membership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_membership_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Special membership of the Commonwealth of Nations") [Suspension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_from_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations") [Commonwealth realm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm "Commonwealth realm") [Commonwealth republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations") [High Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_commissioner_\(Commonwealth\) "High commissioner (Commonwealth)") |
| Culture | [English language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "English in the Commonwealth of Nations") [Commonwealth Games]() [Symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Symbols of the Commonwealth of Nations") [Commonwealth Flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations") [Commonwealth Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Day "Commonwealth Day") [Commonwealth Writers' Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Writers%27_Prize "Commonwealth Writers' Prize") [Commonwealth Youth Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Parliament "Commonwealth Youth Parliament") [Round Table movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Table_movement "Round Table movement") [*The Round Table* Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Round_Table_\(journal\) "The Round Table (journal)") [Commonwealth citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen "Commonwealth citizen") [Commonwealth diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora "Commonwealth diaspora") [LGBTQ rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "LGBTQ rights in the Commonwealth of Nations") [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay") |
| [Lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_of_Nations-related_lists "Category:Commonwealth of Nations-related lists") | [Extreme points](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations") [Prime ministers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_of_Nations_prime_ministers "List of Commonwealth of Nations prime ministers") [Visits by Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II "List of Commonwealth visits made by Elizabeth II") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Multi-sport_events "Template:Multi-sport events") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Multi-sport_events "Template talk:Multi-sport events") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Multi-sport_events "Special:EditPage/Template:Multi-sport events")[Multi-sport events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") | |
|---|---|
| Global | |
| [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") | [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") [Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games "Paralympic Games") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Paralympic_Games "Summer Paralympic Games") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Paralympic_Games "Winter Paralympic Games") [Youth Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games "Youth Olympic Games") |
| [Parasports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasports "Parasports") | [Arafura Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arafura_Games "Arafura Games") [Deaflympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaflympics "Deaflympics") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaflympics "Deaflympics") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaflympics "Deaflympics") [Défi sportif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9fi_sportif "Défi sportif") [IBSA World Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBSA_World_Games "IBSA World Games") [INAS Global Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INAS_Global_Games "INAS Global Games") [Invictus Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invictus_Games "Invictus Games") [World Dwarf Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Dwarf_Games "World Dwarf Games") [Special Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics "Special Olympics") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics_World_Games "Special Olympics World Games") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics_World_Games "Special Olympics World Games") [World Abilitysport Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Abilitysport_Games "World Abilitysport Games") |
| Professions | [International Army Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Army_Games "International Army Games") [Lumberjack World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumberjack_World_Championship "Lumberjack World Championship") [Military World Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_World_Games "Military World Games") [World Air Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Air_Games "World Air Games") [World Firefighters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Firefighters_Games "World Firefighters Games") [World Police and Fire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Police_and_Fire_Games "World Police and Fire Games") [Olympic Esports Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Games "Olympic Esports Games") [Olympic Esports Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series "Olympic Esports Series") [Esports World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esports_World_Cup "Esports World Cup") [RoboGames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboGames "RoboGames") [World Cyber Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cyber_Games "World Cyber Games") World Humanoid Robot Games |
| Youth and students | [FISU World University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISU_World_University_Games "FISU World University Games") *(Universiade)* [World School Sport Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_School_Sport_Games "World School Sport Games") *(Gymnasiade)* International Youth Green Games [International Children's Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Children%27s_Games "International Children's Games") [SELL Student Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELL_Student_Games "SELL Student Games") [World Interuniversity Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Interuniversity_Games "World Interuniversity Games") [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") [CPLP Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPLP_Games "CPLP Games") [University International Sports Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_International_Sports_Festival "University International Sports Festival") |
| Intercommunity | [Arab Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Games "Arab Games") [BRICS Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_Games "BRICS Games") [Commonwealth Games]() [Croatian World Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_World_Games "Croatian World Games") [Gay Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Games "Gay Games") [Highland games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_games "Highland games") [Islamic Solidarity Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Solidarity_Games "Islamic Solidarity Games") [Jeux de la Francophonie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie "Jeux de la Francophonie") [Lusofonia Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusofonia_Games "Lusofonia Games") [Maccabiah Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabiah_Games "Maccabiah Games") [Pan Armenian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Armenian_Games "Pan Armenian Games") [World Transplant Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Transplant_Games "World Transplant Games") [World Eskimo Indian Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Eskimo_Indian_Olympics "World Eskimo Indian Olympics") [World Indigenous Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Indigenous_Games "World Indigenous Games") [World Polonia Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Polonia_Games "World Polonia Games") Zoroastrian Games |
| Other | [CSIT World Sports Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIT_World_Sports_Games "CSIT World Sports Games") [Dew Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_Tour "Dew Tour") [Enhanced Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Games "Enhanced Games") [Mind Sports Olympiad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_Sports_Olympiad "Mind Sports Olympiad") [UCI Cycling World Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCI_Cycling_World_Championships "UCI Cycling World Championships") [World Beach Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Beach_Games "World Beach Games") [World Combat Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Combat_Games "World Combat Games") [World Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Games "World Games") [World Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Masters_Games "World Masters Games") [World Mind Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SportAccord_World_Mind_Games "SportAccord World Mind Games") [World Nomad Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Nomad_Games "World Nomad Games") [World Skate Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Skate_Games "World Skate Games") [World Urban Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Urban_Games "World Urban Games") [X Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Games "X Games") |
| Regional | |
| Africa | [African Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Games "African Games") [African Para Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Para_Games "African Para Games") [African Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Youth_Games "African Youth Games") [All-Africa University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Africa_University_Games "All-Africa University Games") [African School Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_School_Games "African School Games") [West African University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_University_Games "West African University Games") [African Beach Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Beach_Games "African Beach Games") |
| Americas | Pan American [Pan American Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_Games "Pan American Games") [Parapan American Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapan_American_Games "Parapan American Games") [Junior Pan American Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Pan_American_Games "Junior Pan American Games") [Americas Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas_Masters_Games "Americas Masters Games") Central American and the Caribbean [Central American and Caribbean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games "Central American and Caribbean Games") [Central American Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_American_Games "Central American Games") [Latin American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America "Latin America") [ALBA Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALBA_Games "ALBA Games") [Bolivarian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivarian_Games "Bolivarian Games") North American [CANUSA Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA_Games "CANUSA Games") [North American Indigenous Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games "North American Indigenous Games") [North American Outgames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Outgames "North American Outgames") South American [South American Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Games "South American Games") [South American Beach Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Beach_Games "South American Beach Games") [South American Para Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_American_Para_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "South American Para Games (page does not exist)") [South American University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISU_America_Games "FISU America Games") [South American Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Youth_Games "South American Youth Games") Caribbean [Caribbean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Games "Caribbean Games") |
| Asia | Pan Asian [Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games "Asian Games") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games "Asian Games") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games "Asian Winter Games") [Asian Para Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Para_Games "Asian Para Games") [Asian Beach Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Beach_Games "Asian Beach Games") [Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Indoor_and_Martial_Arts_Games "Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games") [Asian Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Youth_Games "Asian Youth Games") Asian Children Games Southeast Asian [SEA Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEA_Games "SEA Games") [ASEAN School Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games "ASEAN School Games") [ASEAN University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games "ASEAN University Games") [ASEAN Para Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games "ASEAN Para Games") [BIMSTEC Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIMSTEC_Games "BIMSTEC Games") [Central Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asian_Games "Central Asian Games") [East Asian Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games "East Asian Youth Games") [South Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Games "South Asian Games") *[West Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Asian_Games "West Asian Games")*1 [GCC Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCC_Games "GCC Games") |
| Europe | *[Black Sea Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Games "Black Sea Games")*1 [European Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Games "European Games") [European Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Masters_Games "European Masters Games") [European Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Championships_\(multi-sport_event\) "European Championships (multi-sport event)") [European Para Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Para_Championships "European Para Championships") [European Para Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Para_Youth_Games "European Para Youth Games") [European Youth Olympic Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Youth_Olympic_Festival "European Youth Olympic Festival") [EuroGames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroGames "EuroGames") [European Universities Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Universities_Championships "European Universities Championships") [European Universities Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Universities_Games "European Universities Games") [Games of the Small States of Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_of_the_Small_States_of_Europe "Games of the Small States of Europe") [International Erasmus Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Erasmus_Games "International Erasmus Games") |
| Oceania | [Australian Youth Olympic Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Youth_Olympic_Festival "Australian Youth Olympic Festival") [Micronesian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronesian_Games "Micronesian Games") [Pacific Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Games "Pacific Games") [Pacific Mini Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Mini_Games "Pacific Mini Games") [Arafura Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arafura_Games "Arafura Games") [Pan Pacific Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pan_Pacific_Masters_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pan Pacific Masters Games (page does not exist)") |
| Intercontinental | [Arab Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Games "Arab Games") [Arctic Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Winter_Games "Arctic Winter Games") [Asia Pacific Deaf Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Deaf_Games "Asia Pacific Deaf Games") [Asia Pacific Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Masters_Games "Asia Pacific Masters Games") Isles [Indian Ocean Island Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Island_Games "Indian Ocean Island Games") [Island Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Games "Island Games") [Jeux des îles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_des_%C3%AEles "Jeux des îles") [Mediterranean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Games "Mediterranean Games") |
| National | |
| Americas | |
| | |
| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Games "Canada Games") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Games_Society "BC Games Society") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Games "Ontario Games") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Games "Quebec Games") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Games "Saskatchewan Games") [Western](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Canada_Summer_Games "Western Canada Summer Games") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Games_of_Colombia "National Games of Colombia") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinian_Games&action=edit&redlink=1 "Argentinian Games (page does not exist)") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Games_of_America "State Games of America") [amateur juniors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAU_Junior_Olympic_Games "AAU Junior Olympic Games") [seniors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_Olympics "Senior Olympics") [Warrior Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrior_Games "Warrior Games") | |
| [NCSG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Congress_of_State_Games "National Congress of State Games"), United States3 | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Sports_Festival "Alabama Sports Festival") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Games "California State Games") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_State_Games "Sunshine State Games") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_State_Games "Bay State Games") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show-Me_State_Games "Show-Me State Games") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Sky_State_Games "Big Sky State Games") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornhusker_State_Games "Cornhusker State Games") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_State_Games "Empire State Games") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Games_of_North_Carolina "State Games of North Carolina") [Lakota Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_Nation_Invitational "Lakota Nation Invitational") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_of_Texas "Games of Texas") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger_State_Games "Badger State Games") |
| Asia | [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Games "Bangladesh Games") China [All-China Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-China_Games "All-China Games") [National Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Games_of_China "National Games of China") [National Peasants' Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Games "National Peasants' Games") [National Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Youth_Games "China National Youth Games") [National Ethnic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Traditional_Games_of_Ethnic_Minorities_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1 "National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of China (page does not exist)") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Games_of_India "National Games of India") [Youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khelo_India_Youth_Games "Khelo India Youth Games") [University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khelo_India_University_Games "Khelo India University Games") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Sports_Week_\(Indonesia\) "National Sports Week (Indonesia)") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Sports_Festival_of_Japan "National Sports Festival of Japan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukma_Games "Sukma Games") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naadam "Naadam") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Games_of_Nepal "National Games of Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Games_of_Pakistan "National Games of Pakistan") Philippines [National Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Games "Philippine National Games") [Para Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Para_Games "Philippine National Para Games") [Student](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Pambansa "Palarong Pambansa") [Youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang_Pinoy "Batang Pinoy") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Biennial_Games "Singapore Biennial Games") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_National_Sports_Festival "Korean National Sports Festival") [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_National_Sports_Festival "Korean National Sports Festival") [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_National_Sports_Festival "Korean National Sports Festival") Taiwan [Youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_High_School_Games "National High School Games") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_National_Games "Thailand National Games") [Youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_National_Youth_Games "Thailand National Youth Games") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_National_Games "Vietnam National Games") |
| Europe | [Poland (youth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Youth_Olympic_Days "Polish Youth Olympic Days") [WheelPower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WheelPower "WheelPower") |
| Oceania | [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belau_Games "Belau Games") |
| Historical1 | |
| Pre-Modern Olympics (in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD) | [Tailteann Games (ancient)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailteann_Games_\(ancient\) "Tailteann Games (ancient)") [Panhellenic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhellenic_Games "Panhellenic Games") [Ancient Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games "Ancient Olympic Games") [Pythian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythian_Games "Pythian Games") [Nemean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemean_Games "Nemean Games") [Isthmian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmian_Games "Isthmian Games") [Heraean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraean_Games "Heraean Games") [Panathenaic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_Games "Panathenaic Games") [Roman Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludi_Romani "Ludi Romani") [Cotswold Olimpick Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotswold_Olimpick_Games "Cotswold Olimpick Games") [Gog Magog Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gog_Magog_Games "Gog Magog Games") [Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenlock_Olympian_Games "Wenlock Olympian Games") [Zappas Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zappas_Olympics "Zappas Olympics") |
| Alternatives to the Modern Olympics | [Aryan Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Games "Aryan Games") [Friendship Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_Games "Friendship Games") [GANEFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANEFO "GANEFO") [Goodwill Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwill_Games "Goodwill Games") [Inter-Allied Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Allied_Games "Inter-Allied Games") [Islamic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Games "Islamic Games") [Liberty Bell Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Classic "Liberty Bell Classic") [People's Olympiad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Olympiad "People's Olympiad") [Workers' Olympiads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Olympiads "International Workers' Olympiads") [Spartakiad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartakiad "Spartakiad") |
| Defunct regional or community events | [Afro-Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Asian_Games "Afro-Asian Games") [Asian Indoor Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Indoor_Games "Asian Indoor Games") [Asian Martial Arts Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Asian_Martial_Arts_Games "2009 Asian Martial Arts Games") [Baltic Sea Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Sea_Games "Baltic Sea Games") [Black Sea Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Games "Black Sea Games") [Central African Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Games "Central African Games") [East Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_Games "East Asian Games") [Far Eastern Championship Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Eastern_Championship_Games "Far Eastern Championship Games") [FESPIC Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FESPIC_Games "FESPIC Games") [Games of the New Emerging Forces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANEFO "GANEFO") [Pacific Ocean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_Games "Pacific Ocean Games") [Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartakiad_of_the_Peoples_of_the_USSR "Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR") [Tailteann Games (modern)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailteann_Games_\(Irish_Free_State\) "Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)") [West African Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Games "West African Games") [Women's Islamic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Islamic_Games "Women's Islamic Games") [World Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_World_Youth_Games "1998 World Youth Games") [IWAS World Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWAS_World_Games "IWAS World Games") [Cerebral Palsy Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_Palsy_Games "Cerebral Palsy Games") [South African Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Games "South African Games") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Rose_State_Games "Prairie Rose State Games") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_Games "Kingdom Games") [Spartakiad of Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartakiad_\(Albania\) "Spartakiad (Albania)") [Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartakiad_of_the_Peoples_of_the_USSR "Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starty_nadezhd "Starty nadezhd") |
| [Winter sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_sports "Winter sports") | |
| International | [Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Paralympic_Games "Winter Paralympic Games") [Winter University Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISU_World_University_Games "FISU World University Games") [FIS Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIS_Games "FIS Games") [Nordic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Games "Nordic Games")1 [Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games")1 [World Scout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Scout_Winter_Games "World Scout Winter Games") [Arctic Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Winter_Games "Arctic Winter Games") [Kennedy Memorial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Memorial_Winter_Games "Kennedy Memorial Winter Games")1 [New Zealand Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Winter_Games "New Zealand Winter Games") [Winter World Masters Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_World_Masters_Games "Winter World Masters Games") |
| Regional | [National Winter Games of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Winter_Games_of_China "National Winter Games of China") [Asian Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games "Asian Winter Games") [European Youth Olympic Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Youth_Olympic_Festival "European Youth Olympic Festival") [Winter X Games Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_X_Games_Europe "Winter X Games Europe") [Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Winter_Youth_Games "Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games") |
| 1 Defunct 2 [Sub-national](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_division "Administrative division") 3 [51 component games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Congress_of_State_Games#Member_Games "National Congress of State Games") in 36 [U.S. states](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state "U.S. state")  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Multi-sport_events "Category:Multi-sport events")**  **[List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multi-sport_events "List of multi-sport events")**  **[WikiProject](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Multi-sport_events "Wikipedia:WikiProject Multi-sport events")** | |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178340#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/126004988) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n99282581) |
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Commonwealth Games
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games) |
| Readable Markdown | | Commonwealth Games |
|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Commonwealth_Games_logo_2019.svg) |
| Games |
| [1930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") [1934](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") [1938](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") [1950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") [1954](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") [1982](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") [1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") [1990](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") [1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") [1998](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") [*2030*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") |
| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") |
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Archery at the Commonwealth Games") [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Badminton at the Commonwealth Games") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") [Beach Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Beach volleyball at the Commonwealth Games") [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Boxing at the Commonwealth Games") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket "Cricket") [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Diving at the Commonwealth Games") [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") [Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hockey at the Commonwealth Games") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Judo at the Commonwealth Games") [Lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") [Netball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Netball at the Commonwealth Games") [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rowing at the Commonwealth Games") [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games") [Squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Squash at the Commonwealth Games") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Shooting at the Commonwealth Games") [Synchronised swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Synchronised swimming at the Commonwealth Games") [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tennis at the Commonwealth Games") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Triathlon at the Commonwealth Games") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") |
The **Commonwealth Games**[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-3) is a quadrennial international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") that brings together athletes from across the [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"), a political association comprising the majority of former territories of the [British Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire"). First held as the **British Empire Games** in [1930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games"), the event has evolved through several name changes, reflecting the changing geopolitical landscape and gradual decolonisation of the Empire. It was known as the British Empire Games until [1950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games"), the **British Empire and Commonwealth Games** until [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), and the **British Commonwealth Games** until [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games"). Since the [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") edition, the event has been officially known as the Commonwealth Games, a name that reflects its modern identity while maintaining its historic connection to Britain. The games are also referred to as the **Friendly Games**.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-5)
The Games are overseen by the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF), which determines the [sporting programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_sports "Commonwealth Games sports") and awards hosting rights. The event upholds its unique traditions, such as the [King's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Baton_Relay "King's Baton Relay") and the ceremonial hoisting of the Commonwealth Games flag. It is distinguished from other international sporting competitions by its inclusivity and heritage. Athletes with a disability have been integrated as full team members since 2002, and in 2018, the Games became the first global multi-sport competition to offer equal medal events for men and women. By 2022, women's events outnumbered men's for the first time. In addition to mainstream [Olympic sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports"), the Commonwealth Games includes disciplines such as [netball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball "Netball"), lawn [bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowls "Bowls") and [squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_\(sport\) "Squash (sport)"), which enjoy particular popularity within the Commonwealth.
The origins of the Games lie in the [Inter-Empire Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_the_Empire#Inter-Empire_Championships "Festival of the Empire") of 1911, with [Melville Marks Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_Marks_Robinson "Melville Marks Robinson") playing a pivotal role in establishing the first official Games in [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario"), Canada. Over time, associated events such as the [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") and the now-defunct [Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") have further expanded participation. Unlike the Olympics and other global competitions, the Commonwealth Games permit representation from fifteen [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Association "Commonwealth Games Association") that are not sovereign states. These include the four [Home Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Nations "Home Nations") of the United Kingdom, the [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependencies "Crown Dependencies"), several [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories "British Overseas Territories"), [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") (Australia) and [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") (New Zealand). Notably, despite being non-sovereign, [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_Olympics "Bermuda at the Olympics"), [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the Olympics") and [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the Olympics") are recognised as independent National Olympic Committees by the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee").
To date, twenty cities in nine countries have hosted the Games. [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") leads with five editions, while both [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") and [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") have hosted twice. [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") will become the third city to do so, having held the Games in 2014 and again in [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games"). The most recent edition was held in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") in 2022. Originally, the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") were awarded to [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(state\) "Victoria (state)") in Australia, but cost concerns led to the state's withdrawal. Subsequently, Glasgow was confirmed as the replacement host city. The upcoming Games will be markedly smaller in scale, featuring only ten sports. As part of a settlement agreement, the Victorian government will provide over £2 million to the Glasgow organisers.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-8)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-9) The next edition of the Games, the twenty-third or *XXIII*, is scheduled to be held in Glasgow from 23 July to 2 August 2026, while the immediate future of the Games was secured with the announcement in 2025 that the [2030 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") (which will be both the XXIV Games and the Centenary Games) has been award to [Ahmedabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad "Ahmedabad"), India.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-10)
A sporting competition bringing together the members of the [British Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891, five years before the first modern [first modern Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics "1896 Summer Olympics"), who wrote letters and articles for several periodicals suggesting a "Pan Brittanic, Pan [Anglican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism "Anglicanism") Contest every four years as a means of increasing goodwill and understanding of the British Empire."[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-ANETT-11) John Astley Cooper Committees were formed in Australia, [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") and [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa") to promote the idea and inspired [Pierre de Coubertin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin "Pierre de Coubertin") to start the international [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") movement.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-13)
In 1911, an Inter-Empire Championship was held alongside the [Festival of Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Empire "Festival of Empire"), at [The Crystal Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace "The Crystal Palace") in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London") to celebrate the [coronation of George V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_George_V_and_Mary "Coronation of George V and Mary"), and were championed by [The Earl of Plymouth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Windsor-Clive,_2nd_Earl_of_Plymouth "Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth") and [Lord Desborough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grenfell,_1st_Baron_Desborough "William Grenfell, 1st Baron Desborough").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-15) Teams from Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom competed in events for athletics, boxing, swimming and wrestling.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-16) Canada won the championships and was presented with a silver cup (gifted by [Lord Lonsdale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Lonsdale "Earl of Lonsdale")) which was 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) high and weighed 340 ounces (9.6 kg). A correspondent of the *[Auckland Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Star "Auckland Star")* criticised the Games, calling them a "grievous disappointment" that were "not worthy of the title of 'Empire Sports'".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-17)
While planning for the [1928 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics "1928 Summer Olympics") in Amsterdam, [Amateur Athletic Union of Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union_of_Canada "Amateur Athletic Union of Canada") executive [J. Howard Crocker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Howard_Crocker "J. Howard Crocker") spoke with journalist [Melville Marks Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_Marks_Robinson "Melville Marks Robinson") of *[The Hamilton Spectator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hamilton_Spectator "The Hamilton Spectator")*, about hosting an international sporting event in Canada. Robinson proposed and lobbied to host what became the [British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1930.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-TOP-19) Robinson then served as the manager of the Canadian track and field team for the 1930 British Empire Games.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-TOP-19)
Although there are 56 sovereign states that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, there are 74 active [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Associations "Commonwealth Games Associations").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-20)They are divided into six regions (Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania) and each has a similar function to the [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") in relation with their countries or territories. In some, like [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") and [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa"), the CGA functions are assumed by their NOCs.
Only six national federations have participated in every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"). Of these six, Australia, England, Canada and New Zealand have each won at least one gold medal in every Games. Australia has been the highest-achieving team for thirteen editions of the Games, England for seven and Canada for one. These three teams also top the all-time Commonwealth Games medal table in that order.
#### British Empire Games (1930-1950)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: British Empire Games (1930-1950)")\]
The [1930 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") were the first of what later became known as the Commonwealth Games, and was held in [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario"), [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario "Ontario"), Canada from 16 to 23 August 1930 and opened by [Lord Willingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon "Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon").[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-H30-21) Eleven countries: Australia, [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda"), [British Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana "British Guiana"), Canada, England, [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland"), [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland "Dominion of Newfoundland"), New Zealand, [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), South Africa and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"), sent a total of 400 athletes to compete in athletics, boxing, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling. The opening and closing ceremonies as well as athletics took place at [Civic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Wynne_Stadium "Ivor Wynne Stadium").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-E30-22) The cost of the Games were \$97,973.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-E30-22) Women competed in only the aquatic events.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-23) Canadian triple jumper [Gordon Smallacombe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Smallacombe "Gordon Smallacombe") won the first ever gold medal in the history of the Games.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:0-24)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg)
Opening ceremony of the [1938 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") at the [Sydney Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground").
The [1934 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"), England. The host city was London, with the main venue at [Wembley Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Park "Wembley Park"), although the track cycling events were in [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"). The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to [Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg "Johannesburg"), but was given to London instead because of serious concerns about prejudice against Asian and black athletes in South Africa. The affiliation of Irish athletes at the 1934 Games representation [remains unclear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_British_Empire_Games#%C2%A71934_games "Ireland at the British Empire Games") but there was no official [Irish Free State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State "Irish Free State") team. Sixteen national teams took part, including new participants [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong "British Hong Kong"), [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj "British Raj"), [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica "Colony of Jamaica"), [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia") and [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago").[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-25)
The [1938 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") were the third British Empire Games, which was held in [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney "Sydney"), [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales "New South Wales"), Australia. It was timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Held in the [Southern Hemisphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere "Southern Hemisphere") for the first time, the III Games opening ceremony took place at the famed [Sydney Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground") in front of 40,000 spectators. Fifteen nations participated down under at the Sydney Games involving a total of 464 athletes and 43 officials. [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji "Colony of Fiji") and [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon "Dominion of Ceylon") made their debuts. Seven sports were featured in the Sydney Games – athletics, boxing, cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-26)
The [1950 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") were the fourth edition and were held in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland"), New Zealand, after a twelve-year gap from the third edition of the games. The fourth games were originally awarded to [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal"), Canada and was to be held in 1942, but was cancelled due to the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War"). The opening ceremony at [Eden Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Park "Eden Park") was attended by 40,000 spectators, while nearly 250,000 people attended the Auckland Games. Twelve countries sent a total of 590 athletes to Auckland. [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya") and [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") made their first appearances.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-27)
#### British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: British Empire and Commonwealth Games (1954-1966)")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg)
Statue in Vancouver commemorating the "Miracle Mile" between [Roger Bannister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister "Roger Bannister") and [John Landy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landy "John Landy")
The fifth edition of the Games, the [1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), were held in [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver"), [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia "British Columbia"), Canada. This was the first event since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952, the same year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The fifth edition of the Games placed Vancouver on a world stage and featured memorable sporting moments as well as outstanding entertainment, technical innovation and cultural events. The 'Miracle Mile', as it became known, saw both the gold medallist, [Roger Bannister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister "Roger Bannister") of England and silver medallist [John Landy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landy "John Landy") of Australia, run sub-four-minute races in an event that was televised live across the world for the first time. [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia "Northern Rhodesia") and [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan") made their debuts and both performed well, winning eight and six medals respectively.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-28)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg)
3 pence British stamp with theme of [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games"), [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales
The [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales. The sixth edition of the games marked the largest sporting event ever held in Wales and it was the smallest country ever to host a British Empire and Commonwealth Games. [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") had to wait twelve years longer than originally scheduled to become host of the Games, as the 1946 event was cancelled because of the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War"). The Cardiff Games introduced the [Queen's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay"), which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since. Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,122 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including for the first time, [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"), [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana"), [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colony "Kenya Colony") and the [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-29) In the run up to the Cardiff games, many leading sports stars including [Stanley Matthews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Matthews "Stanley Matthews"), [Jimmy Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hill "Jimmy Hill") and [Don Revie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Revie "Don Revie") were signatories in a letter to *The Times* on 17 July 1958 deploring the presence of white-only South African sports, opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games'.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-30)
The [1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth"), [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia "Western Australia"). Thirty-five countries sent a total of 863 athletes and 178 officials to Perth. [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey") was among the medal winners for the first time, while [British Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Honduras "British Honduras"), [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica"), [Papua and New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea "Territory of Papua and New Guinea") and [St Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia") all made their inaugural Games appearances. [Aden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Aden "Colony of Aden") also competed by special invitation. [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak"), [North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo "Crown Colony of North Borneo") and [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya") competed for the last time, before taking part in 1966 under the [Malaysian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_flag "Malaysian flag"). In addition, [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland") competed in the Games as an entity for the first and only time.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-31)
The [1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") were held in [Kingston, Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica"). This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called [White Dominions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Dominion "White Dominion"). Thirty-four nations (including [South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia "Federation of South Arabia")) competed in the [Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica") Games, sending a total of 1,316 athletes and officials.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-32)
#### British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: British Commonwealth Games (1970-1974)")\]
The [1970 British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time [metric units](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_system "Metric system") rather than [imperial units](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_unit "Imperial unit") were used in events, the first time the games were held in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and also the first time that HM Queen [Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") attended in her capacity as [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-33)
The [1974 British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") were held in [Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch"), New Zealand. The event was officially named *The Friendly Games*, and was also the first edition to feature a theme song. Following the [massacre of Israeli athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Munich_attack "1972 Munich attack") at the [1972 Munich Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics "1972 Summer Olympics"), the tenth games at Christchurch were the first [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") to place the safety of participants and spectators as its uppermost requirement. Security guards surrounded the athlete's village and there was an exceptionally high-profile police presence. Only 22 countries succeeded in winning medals from the total haul of 374 medals on offer, but first time winners included [Western Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Samoa "Western Samoa"), [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho "Lesotho") and Swaziland (since 2018 named [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")).[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-34) The theme song for the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was called "Join Together".
#### Commonwealth Games (1978-present)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Commonwealth Games (1978-present)")\]
The [1978 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton"), [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta "Alberta"), Canada. This event was the first to bear the current day name of the Commonwealth Games, and also marked a new high as almost 1,500 athletes from 46 countries took part. They were boycotted by [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") in protest against [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand")'s sporting contacts with [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid")\-era [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa"), as well as by [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") in protest at alleged Canadian hostilities toward the government of [Idi Amin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin "Idi Amin").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-MacintoshHawes1994-35)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-36)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg)
Opening ceremony of the [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") at [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), Australia
The [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland "Queensland"), Australia. Forty-six nations participated in the [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") Games with a new record total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials. As hosts, Australia headed the medal table leading the way ahead of England, Canada, Scotland and New Zealand respectively. [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe") made its first appearance at the Games, having earlier competed as [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia") and as part of [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland").[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-37) The theme song for the 1982 Commonwealth Games was called "You're Here To Win".
The [1986 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland and were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh. Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by 32 African, Asian and Caribbean nations in protest at British Prime Minister [Margaret Thatcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher "Margaret Thatcher")'s refusal to condemn sporting contacts of apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. Twenty-six nations did attend the second Edinburgh Games, and sent a total of 1,662 athletes and 461 officials.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-38) The theme song for the 1986 Commonwealth Games was called "Spirit Of Youth".
The [1990 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland"), New Zealand. They were the fourteenth Commonwealth Games, the third to be hosted by [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games") and Auckland's second. A new record of 55 nations participated in the second Auckland Games, sending 2,826 athletes and officials.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-39) Pakistan returned to the Commonwealth in 1989 after withdrawing in 1972, and competed in the 1990 Games after an absence of twenty years.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-40) The theme song for the 1990 Commonwealth Games was called "This Is The Moment".
The [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia"), [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia "British Columbia"), Canada. This event was the fourth to take place in Canada. The games marked another point of [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa")'s return to the sporting atmosphere following the [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") era, and over thirty years since the country last competed in the [Games in 1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Commonwealth_Games "1958 Commonwealth Games"). [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia "Namibia") made its Commonwealth Games debut following its independence from South Africa in 1990. It was also Hong Kong's last appearance at the games before the [transfer of sovereignty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong "Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong") from Britain to China. Sixty-three nations sent 2,557 athletes and 914 officials.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-41) The theme song for the 1994 Commonwealth Games was called "Let Your Spirit Take Flight".
The [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia. For the first time in its 68-year history, the Commonwealth Games were held in Asia. The event was also the first Games to feature team sports (cricket, rugby 7s, netball and field hockey) along ten pin bowling and squash– an overwhelming success that added large numbers to both participant and TV audience numbers. A new record of 70 countries sent a total of 5,065 athletes and officials to the Kuala Lumpur Games. The top five countries in the medal standing were Australia, England, Canada, Malaysia (who made their best games' performance until that date) and South Africa. [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru "Nauru") also achieved an impressive haul of three gold medals. [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon "Cameroon"), [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique "Mozambique"), [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati "Kiribati") and [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu "Tuvalu") debuted.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-42) The theme song for the 1998 Commonwealth Games was called "Forever As One".
#### During the 21st century
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: During the 21st century")\]
The [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England. The event was hosted in England for the first time since 1934 and hosted to coincide with the [Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II "Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II"), head of the [Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"). In terms of sports and events, the 2002 event was until the 2010 edition the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports. The final medal tally was led by Australia, followed by host England and Canada. The 2002 Commonwealth Games had set a new benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-43) The theme song for the 2002 Commonwealth Games was called "[Where My Heart Will Take Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_of_the_Heart "Faith of the Heart")".
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg)
Athletics at the [Melbourne Cricket Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground") (MCG) during the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games"), [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne")
The [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), [Victoria, Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia "Victoria, Australia"). The only difference between the [2006 games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") and the [2002 games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") was the absence of [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe"), which withdrew from the [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") after being suspended by the organization in 2002.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-44) For the first time in the history of the Games the [Queen's Baton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay") visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 kilometres (110,000 mi). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. Again the Top 3 on the medal table is Australia, followed by England and Canada.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-45) The theme song for the 2006 Commonwealth Games was called "Together We Are One".
The [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi "Delhi"), India. The Games cost \$11 billion and were the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games was held in India, also the first time that a [Commonwealth republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations") hosted the games and the second time it was held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 [Commonwealth nations and dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Commonwealth "The Commonwealth") competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final [medal tally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "2010 Commonwealth Games medal table") was led by [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games "Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games"). The host nation India achieved its [best performance ever in any sporting event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games "India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games"), finishing second overall.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-46) [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda") made its Games debut.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-47) The theme song for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was called "Live, Rise, Ascend, Win".
The [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow"), Scotland. These games were the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports, outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), capital city of Scotland. [Usain Bolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt "Usain Bolt") competed in the [4×100 metres relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2014_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games") of the 2014 Commonwealth Games and set a [Commonwealth Games record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_athletics#Men.27s_records "List of Commonwealth Games records in athletics") with his teammates.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-48) The Games received acclaim for their organisation, attendance, and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland, with the CGF chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as "the standout games in the history of the movement".[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-49)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Cycling_\(geograph_4105477\).jpg)
Cycling event during the [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") hosted in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow"), Scotland
The [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland "Queensland"), Australia, the fifth time Australia hosted the Games. There were an equal number of events for men and women, the first time in history that a major multi-sport event had equality in terms of events.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-51)
The [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") were held in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England. It was the third Commonwealth Games to be hosted in England, following [London 1934](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") and [Manchester 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-52) The 2022 Commonwealth Games coincided with the [Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II "Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II") and the tenth anniversary of the [2012 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics") and the [2012 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics "2012 Summer Paralympics"), both staged in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"). The 2022 Commonwealth Games was the last edition to be held under Queen Elizabeth II, before her [death](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II "Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II") on 8 September 2022.
On 16 February 2022, it was announced that the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") would be held for a record sixth time in [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia"), but for the first time they would be decentralised, as the state of [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(Australia\) "Victoria (Australia)") signed as host 'city'. The event were to have four regional clusters mainly focused in [Bendigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendigo "Bendigo") region, and another three regional centres. However, in July 2023, the Victorian Premier [Daniel Andrews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Andrews "Daniel Andrews") announced that Victoria would no longer host the 2026 Games.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:2-53) The Scottish government later agreed to hold the 2026 games in Glasgow, following Victoria's cancellation, however the games will be "scaled down" with only 10 sports being staged in four venues, and a commitment that public funds would not be required.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:4-54) The 2026 Commonwealth Games will be the first held under the reign of [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles_III "King Charles III"). The three nations to have hosted the Commonwealth Games the most times are Australia (5), Canada (4) and New Zealand (3). With the 2022 games, England increased its number to three. Three games have been hosted in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), one in [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales"), two in Asia ([Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") (1) and [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") (1)) and one in the Caribbean ([Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") (1)).[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:1-55) The event has been awarded to, but never been held in, Africa, with [Durban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban "Durban") being stripped of the 2022 Games following financial issues.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg)
Athletes of the [1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") at [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth")
The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international, [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") involving athletes with a disability from the [Commonwealth countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations"). The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with [spinal injuries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_injuries "Spinal injuries") or [polio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis "Poliomyelitis"). The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-56) The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes. The countries that had hosted the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were Australia, Jamaica, Scotland and New Zealand in [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") and [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"). Six countries – Australia, England, New Zealand, [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland"), [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") and [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") — had been represented at all Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Australia and England had been\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] the top-ranking nation two times each: [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games") and [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games"), [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games "1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
#### Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Inclusion of disabled athletes in Commonwealth Games")\]
Athletes with a disability were then first included the [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") in [Victoria, British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia") when this events was added to athletics and lawn bowls,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-57) As at [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") in Manchester, England, they were included as compulsory events, making them the first fully [inclusive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_\(disability_rights\) "Inclusion (disability rights)") international multi-sport games. This meant that results were included in the medal count and the athletes are full members of each country delegation.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-58)
During the 2007 General Assembly of the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF) at [Colombo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo "Colombo"), [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka"), the [International Paralympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Paralympic_Committee "International Paralympic Committee") (IPC) and CGF signed a co-operative agreement to ensure a formal institutional relationship between the two bodies and secure the future participation of elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in future Commonwealth Games.
Then, IPC President [Philip Craven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Craven "Philip Craven") said during the General Assembly:
> "We look forward to working with CGF to develop the possibilities of athletes with a disability at the Commonwealth Games and within the Commonwealth. This partnership will help to galvanize Paralympic sports development in Commonwealth countries/territories and seek to create and promote greater opportunities in sport for athletes with a disability".
The co-operation agreement outlined the strong partnership between the IPC and the CGF. It recognised the IPC as the respective sport body and have the function to oversee the co-ordination and delivery of the Commonwealth Games EAD sports programme and committed both organisations to work together in supporting the growth of the Paralympic and Commonwealth Games Movements.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-59)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StMoritz.jpg)
[St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz"), the venue for all three Winter Games from 1958 to 1966
The [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") was a [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") comprising [winter sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_sports "Winter sports"), last held in 1970. Four editions of the Games have been staged. The [Commonwealth Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Winter_Games "Commonwealth Winter Games") were designed as a counterbalance to the Commonwealth Games, which focuses on summer sports, to accompany the [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") and [Summer Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games"). The winter Games were founded by [T.D. Richardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.D._Richardson "T.D. Richardson").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Semanticus-Richardson-60) The 1958 Commonwealth Winter Games were held in [St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz"), Switzerland and was the inaugural games for the winter edition.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-62) The 1962 Games were also held in St. Moritz, complementing the [1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") in [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth"), Australia, and the 1966 event was held in St. Moritz as well, following the 1970 edition, the idea was discontinued.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-63)
The [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") is an international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") organised by the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation"). The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") discussed the idea of a Millennium [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games") in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-64)
## Commonwealth Games Federation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Commonwealth Games Federation")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_Shopping_002_\(6166876525\)_\(2\).jpg)
Headquarters of the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") at the Commonwealth House (centre) in London
The [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") (CGF) is the international organisation responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games and [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games"), and is the foremost authority in matters relating to the games.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-65) The Commonwealth House in London, England hosts the headquarters of CGF.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-66) The Commonwealth House also hosts the headquarters of the [Royal Commonwealth Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Society "Royal Commonwealth Society") and the [Commonwealth Local Government Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Local_Government_Forum "Commonwealth Local Government Forum").[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-67)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-68)
The Commonwealth Games Movement is made of three major elements:
- [International Federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_sport_federations "List of international sport federations") (IFs) are the [governing bodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_body "Sport governing body") that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Basketball Federation ([FIBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA "FIBA")) is the international governing body for basketball.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-69)
- [Commonwealth Games Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_Games_Associations "Category:Commonwealth Games Associations") (CGAs) represent and regulate the Commonwealth Games Movement within each country and perform similar functions as the [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committees "National Olympic Committees"). For example, the [Commonwealth Games England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_England "Commonwealth Games England") (CGE) is the CGA of England. There are currently 72 CGAs recognised by the CGF.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-70)
- Organising Committees for the Commonwealth Games (OCCWGs) are temporary committees responsible for the organisation of each Commonwealth Games. OCCWGs are dissolved after each Games once the final report is delivered to the CGF.
English is the official language of the Commonwealth. The other language used at each Commonwealth Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these two (or more) languages. If the host country does this, it is their responsibility to choose the language{s) and their order.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-71)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bilston_St.-Garrick_St._-_geograph.org.uk_-_536739.jpg)
The [Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay#Manchester_2002 "Queen's Baton Relay") for the [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games")
The King's Baton Relay is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The Baton carries a message from the [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth"). The Relay traditionally begins at [Buckingham Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace "Buckingham Palace") in London as a part of the city's [Commonwealth Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Day "Commonwealth Day") festivities. The King entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the Opening Ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the baton back to the King or his representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games. The King's Baton Relay is similar to the [Olympic Torch Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Torch_Relay "Olympic Torch Relay").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-RelayTradition-72)
The Relay was introduced at the [1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") in [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), Wales as the Queen's Baton Relay. Up until, and including, the [1994 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games"), the Relay only went through England and the host nation. The Relay for the [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia was the first to travel to other nations of the Commonwealth.
The [Queen's Baton Relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games_Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "2018 Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay") for the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") held on the [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), Australia, was the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering 230,000 km (150,000 miles) over 388 days, the Baton made its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. For the first time, the Queen's Baton was presented at the Commonwealth Youth Games during its [sixth edition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Commonwealth_Youth_Games "2017 Commonwealth Youth Games") in 2017, which were held in [Nassau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas "Nassau, Bahamas"), [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas").[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-73)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Comm_Games_2006_finale.JPG)
Opening ceremony of the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") at [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne")
The opening ceremony typically starts with the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem. The flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation, flag of the last hosting nation and the next hosting nation are also hosted during the opening ceremony. The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance and theatre representative of its culture. The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the Delhi Games reportedly cost \$70 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-74)
After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. The last hosting nation is traditionally the first nation to enter. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetical or continental wise with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. Speeches are given, formally opening the Games. Finally, the [King's Baton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay "Queen's Baton Relay") is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final baton carrier, often a successful Commonwealth athlete from the host nation, who hands it over to the [Head of the Commonwealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth "Head of the Commonwealth") or his representative.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_closing_ceremony_picture.jpeg)
Closing ceremony of the [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") at Delhi
The closing ceremony of the Commonwealth Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. The president of the organising committee and the CGF president make their closing speeches and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organised the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theatre representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-75)
At the closing ceremony of every Commonwealth Games, the CGF President makes an award and presents a trophy to one athlete who has competed with particular distinction and honour both in terms of athletic performance and overall contribution to his or her team. Athletes are nominated by their Commonwealth Games Association at the end of the final day of competition and the winner is selected by a panel comprising the CGF President and representatives from each of the six Commonwealth Regions. The '[David Dixon Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dixon_Award "David Dixon Award")' as it is called was introduced in [Manchester 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games"), after the late David Dixon, former Honorary Secretary of the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation"), in honour of his monumental contribution to Commonwealth sport for many years.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-76)
A medal ceremony is held after each event is concluded. The winner, second and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. After the medals are given out by a CGF member, the national flags of the three medallists are raised while the [national anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem "National anthem") of the gold medallist's country plays. Volunteering citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies, as they aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag-bearers.
"[God Save the King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King "God Save the King")" is an official or [national anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem "National anthem") of [multiple Commonwealth countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King#Use_in_other_Commonwealth_countries "God Save the King") and dependent territories. As a result, and due to the [countries of the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom "Countries of the United Kingdom") competing individually, its use is prohibited during official events, medal ceremonies or before matches in team events.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-77) With the revision of this rule made before the 2010 Games, some national anthems used were changed and in some cases they differ from a currently-eligible country's national or official anthem(s):
| Country | Anthem used at the Commonwealth Games | National Anthem(s)/Official Anthem(s) |
|---|---|---|
|  [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla "Anguilla") | "[God Bless Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_Anguilla "God Bless Anguilla")" | "[God Save the King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King "God Save the King")" |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda") | "[Hail to Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail_to_Bermuda "Hail to Bermuda")" | |
|  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands "British Virgin Islands") | "[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh,_Beautiful_Virgin_Islands "Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands")" | |
|  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands "Cayman Islands") | "[Beloved Isle Cayman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloved_Isle_Cayman "Beloved Isle Cayman")" | |
|  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | "[Land of Hope and Glory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Hope_and_Glory "Land of Hope and Glory")" (until 2010) "[Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time#Use_as_a_national_anthem "And did those feet in ancient time")" (since 2010)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-78) | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands "Falkland Islands") | "[Song of the Falklands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_the_Falklands "Song of the Falklands")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar "Gibraltar") | "[Gibraltar Anthem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem "Gibraltar Anthem")" | |
|  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey "Guernsey") | "[Sarnia Cherie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnia_Cherie "Sarnia Cherie")" | |
|  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey") | "[Island Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Home_\(anthem\) "Island Home (anthem)")" | |
|  [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat "Montserrat") | "[Motherland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Song_\(Montserrat\) "National Song (Montserrat)")" | |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | "[God Defend New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Defend_New_Zealand "God Defend New Zealand")" | "God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-mch.govt.nz-79) "God Save the King" |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") | "[Ko e Iki he Lagi (Lord in Heaven, Thou art merciful)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko_e_Iki_he_Lagi "Ko e Iki he Lagi")" | "God Defend New Zealand" (since 1976)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-mch.govt.nz-79) "God Save the King" |
|  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") | "[Come Ye Blessed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Ye_Blessed "Come Ye Blessed")" | "[Advance Australia Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair "Advance Australia Fair")" |
|  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") | "[Londonderry Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonderry_Air "Londonderry Air")" | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena") | "[My Saint Helena Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Saint_Helena_Island "My Saint Helena Island")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | "[Scotland the Brave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_the_Brave "Scotland the Brave")" (until 2010) "[Flower of Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Scotland "Flower of Scotland")" (since 2010)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-80) | *None*; "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
|  [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands") | "[This Land of Ours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Land_of_Ours "This Land of Ours")" | "God Save the King" |
|  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | "[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Land of my Fathers)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau")" | "God Save the King" as part of the United Kingdom |
## List of Commonwealth Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: List of Commonwealth Games")\]
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_America_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in North America")  **1930**  **1954**  **1966**  **1978**  **1994** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Canada and Caribbean) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in the United Kingdom")  **1934**  **1958**  **1970**, **1986**  **2002**  **2014**, ***2026***  **2022** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Great Britain) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oceania_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in Oceania")  **1938**  **1950, 1990**  **1962**  **1974**  **1982**  **2006**  **2018** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Australia, New Zealand and Oceania) [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg "Commonwealth Games is located in Asia")  **2010**  **1998**  ***2030*** Host cities of Commonwealth Games (Asia) | |
| Year | Edition | Host city | Host Association | Opened by | Sports | Events | Associations | Start date | End date | Competitors | Top Association | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | [I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games "1930 British Empire Games") | [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario "Hamilton, Ontario") |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [Viscount Willingdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon "Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon") | 6 | 59 | 11 | 16 August | 23 August | 400 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[2\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/hamilton-1930) |
| 1934 | [II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games") | [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London") |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [King George V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_V "George V") | 6 | 68 | 16 | 4 August | 11 August | 500 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[3\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/london-1934) |
| 1938 | [III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games "1938 British Empire Games") | [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney "Sydney") |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [Lord Wakehurst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loder,_2nd_Baron_Wakehurst "John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst") | 7 | 71 | 15 | 5 February | 12 February | 464 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[4\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/sydney-1938) |
| 1942 | – | [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal") |  Canada | *Cancelled due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II")[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-The_Commonwealth_Games_2017-81)* | | | | | | | | |
| 1946 | – | [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") |  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | | | | | | | | | |
| 1950 | [IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games "1950 British Empire Games") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") |  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | [Sir Bernard Freyberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg "Bernard Freyberg") | 9 | 88 | 12 | 4 February | 11 February | 590 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[5\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/auckland-1950) |
| 1954 | [V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") |  Canada | [Earl Alexander of Tunis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis "Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis") | 9 | 91 | 24 | 30 July | 7 August | 662 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[6\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/vancouver-1954) |
| 1958 | [VI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Cardiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff") |  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | [Philip, Duke of Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh") | 9 | 94 | 36 | 18 July | 26 July | 1,122 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[7\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/cardiff-1958) |
| 1962 | [VII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth "Perth") |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | 9 | 104 | 35 | 22 November | 1 December | 863 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[8\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/perth-1962) | |
| 1966 | [VIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games "1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games") | [Kingston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica "Kingston, Jamaica") |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | 9 | 110 | 34 | 4 August | 13 August | 1,050 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[9\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/kingston-1966) | |
| 1970 | [IX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games "1970 British Commonwealth Games") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") |  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | 9 | 121 | 42 | 16 July | 25 July | 1,383 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[10\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edinburgh-1970) | |
| 1974 | [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games "1974 British Commonwealth Games") | [Christchurch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch") |  New Zealand | 9 | 121 | 38 | 24 January | 2 February | 1,276 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[11\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/christchurch-1974) | |
| 1978 | [XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") | [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton") |  Canada | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 128 | 46 | 3 August | 12 August | 1,474 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | [\[12\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edmonton-1978) |
| 1982 | [XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") | [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") |  Australia | [Philip, Duke of Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh") | 10 | 142 | 46 | 30 September | 9 October | 1,583 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[13\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/brisbane-1982) |
| 1986 | [XIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") | [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh") |  Scotland | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 163 | 26 | 24 July | 2 August | 1,662 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[14\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/edinburgh-1986) |
| 1990 | [XIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games "1990 Commonwealth Games") | [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland") |  New Zealand | [Prince Edward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh "Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh") | 10 | 204 | 55 | 24 January | 3 February | 2,073 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[15\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/auckland-1990) |
| 1994 | [XV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games "1994 Commonwealth Games") | [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia "Victoria, British Columbia") |  Canada | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 10 | 217 | 63 | 18 August | 28 August | 2,557 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[16\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/victoria-1994) |
| 1998 | [XVI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") | [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur") |  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | [King Tuanku Jaafar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27afar_of_Negeri_Sembilan "Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan") | 15 | 213 | 70 | 11 September | 21 September | 3,633 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[17\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/Kuala-Lumpur-1998) |
| 2002 | [XVII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") | [Manchester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester "Manchester") |  England | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 17 | 281 | 72 | 25 July | 4 August | 3,679 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[18\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/manchester-2002) |
| 2006 | [XVIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") | [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") |  Australia | 17 | 245 | 71 | 15 March | 26 March | 4,049 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[19\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/melbourne-2006) | |
| 2010 | [XIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") | [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi "Delhi") |  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | [President Pratibha Patil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patil "Pratibha Patil") and [Charles, Prince of Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") | 17 | 272 | 71 | 3 October | 14 October | 4,352 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[20\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/delhi-2010) |
| 2014 | [XX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") | [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") |  Scotland | [Queen Elizabeth II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II "Elizabeth II") | 18 | 261 | 71 | 23 July | 3 August | 4,947 |  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | [\[21\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/glasgow-2014) |
| 2018 | [XXI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") | [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland") |  Australia | [Charles, Prince of Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") | 18 | 275 | 71 | 4 April | 15 April | 4,426 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[22\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/gold-coast-2018) |
| 2022 | [XXII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") | [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham") |  England | **20** | **283** | 72 | 28 July | 8 August | **5,054** |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | [\[23\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/birmingham-2022) | |
| 2026 | [XXIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") | [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow "Glasgow") |  Scotland | [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") (expected) | *10* | *215* | ***74*** | 23 July | 2 August | *~3,000* | TBC | [\[24\]](https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/glasgow-2026) |
| 2030 | [XXIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games "2030 Commonwealth Games") | [Ahmedabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad "Ahmedabad") |  India | 16th [President of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_India "President of India") (expected) | TBD | | | | | | | |
**\*Note : Nations in *italics* no longer participate at the Commonwealth Games.**
*Updated after [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games")*.
- **[^\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_a)** Totals for [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana") include all medals won as  [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gold Coast at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_b)** Totals for [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe") include all medals won as  [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Southern Rhodesia at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_c)** Totals for [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia") include all medals won as  [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Northern Rhodesia at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_d)** Totals for [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") include all medals won as  [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Ceylon at the Commonwealth Games")
- **[^\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#ref_e)** Totals for [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana") include all medals won as  [British Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "British Guiana at the Commonwealth Games")
### Medal leaders by year
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Medal leaders by year")\]
## Commonwealth sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Commonwealth sports")\]
Unlike other sporting events, the Commonwealth Games have a flexible sporting programme that respects the infrastructure and demands of the host city. This is also reflected in its holding dates, which may vary according to the weather conditions of each host city. Therefore, the programme for each edition could varies. Between 1930 and 1994, only individual events were part of the programme and it was only in 1998 that authorisation was given for the addition of team sports. It is common for each edition since then to have a list of seven to ten mandatory sports that must be played in this edition and must be approved 4 years in advance. Thus, the minimum number of sports per edition is 10 and the maximum is of 17. However, local demands can also increase the number of sports contested. Notable cases are freestyle wrestling in Delhi 2010 and beach volleyball in Gold Coast 2018. Special exceptions can also be made, such as the one in the last edition held in Birmingham, England, in which 3 extra sports were added to the programme.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-82) The current rules also determine gender parity, whereby men and women have an equal (or broadly equal) share of events.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-83)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-84)
This rule was not exceptionally applied to the 2026 Games, as Glasgow took over as host on an emergency basis. As a result, the program will feature only 10 sports—the fewest number since the 1994 Games:[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBCSportsOct24-85)
There are a total of 23 sports (with three multi-disciplinary sports) and a ten [para-sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-sports "Para-sports") which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Archery at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1982, 2010 |
| [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1930–present |
| [Para Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Athletics at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1994, 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Badminton at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1966–2022 |
| [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") | | 2006, 2018 |
| [Basketball 3x3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Basketball at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2022–present |
| [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Boxing at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–present |
| [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cricket at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998, 2022 |
| [Cycling (Mountain Bike)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2006, 2014–present |
| [Cycling (Para Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2014–present |
| [Cycling (Road)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1938–present |
| [Cycling (Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Cycling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1934–present |
| [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Diving at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–2022 |
| [Hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Hockey at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Gymnastics (Artistic)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1978, 1990–present |
| [Gymnastics (Rhythmic)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1978, 1990–1998, 2006–present |
| [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Judo at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1990, 2002, 2014 (Optional), 2022-present |
| [Lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930–1962, 1970–present |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Para lawn bowls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_bowls_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1994, 2002, 2014–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Netball (Women)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Netball at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–present |
| [Powerlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Shooting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1966, 1974–2018 |
| [Squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Squash at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1998–2022 |
| [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 1930–present |
| [Para swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Core | 2002–present[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfead-86) |
| [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2022 |
| [Para table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Table tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2022 |
| [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Triathlon at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 2002–2006, 2014–2022 |
| [Volleyball (beach)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball "Beach volleyball") | Optional | 2018–2022 |
| [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1950–present |
| [Wrestling (Freestyle)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-cgfsports-87) | 1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |
In 2015, the Commonwealth Games Federation agreed large changes to the programme which increased the number of core sports, while removing a number of optionals, those removed are listed below.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-88)
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing "Canoeing") | Optional | Never[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-89) |
| [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Rowing at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |
| [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_\(sport\) "Sailing (sport)") | Optional | Never |
| [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball "Softball") | Optional | Never |
| [Synchronised swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Synchronised swimming at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | Core between 1986 and 2006 |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo "Taekwondo") | Optional | Never |
| [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Tennis at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2010 |
| [Ten-pin bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling "Ten-pin bowling") | Optional | 1998 |
| [Wrestling (Greco-Roman)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games") | Optional | 2010 |
Sports such as the following are sports which have been analysed by the Commonwealth Games Federation but which are deemed to need expansion in areas such as participation levels within the Commonwealth both at a national (International Federation) and grassroots athletics level, Marketability, Television Rights, Equity, and Hosting Expenses, per Regulation 6 of the Commonwealth Games Constitution;[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-CGFConstitutionRegulation6-90) host nations may not pick these sports for their program until the Federation's requirements are fulfilled.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Sports-91)
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Billiards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiards "Billiards") | Recognised | Never |
| [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Commonwealth_Games "Fencing at the Commonwealth Games") | Recognised | 1950–1970 |
| Association Football | Recognised | Never |
| [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf "Golf") | Recognised | 2026 |
| [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Handball "European Handball") | Recognised | Never |
| Sport | Type | Years |
| [Life saving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_saving "Life saving") | Recognised | Never |
| [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league") | Recognised | Never |
| [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball "Volleyball") (indoor) | Recognised | Never |
| [Water Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Polo "Water Polo") | Recognised | 1950 |
## Participating nations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Participating nations")\]
Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales. Australia has been the highest scoring team for thirteen games, England for seven, and Canada for one.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Games_years_participants.PNG)
Countries that have hosted, or plan to host, the event
Other countries that enter the games
Countries that have entered the games but no longer do so
**•** Host cities and year of games
***
| | |
|---|---|
| Nation | Years of participation |
|  [Aden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Colony "Aden Colony")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1962 |
|  [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla "Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1998– |
|  [Australasia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasia_at_the_Olympics "Australasia at the Olympics") | 1911 |
|  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda "Antigua and Barbuda") | 1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |
|  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia") | 1930– |
|  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas") | 1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh") | 1978, 1990– |
|  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados "Barbados") | 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize "Belize")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1978, 1994– |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda") | 1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana "Botswana") | 1974, 1982– |
|  [British Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guiana "British Guiana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1930–1938, 1954–1962 |
|  [British Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Honduras "British Honduras")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n4-94) | 1962–1966 |
|  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands "British Virgin Islands") | 1990– |
|  [Brunei Darussalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei "Brunei") | 1990– |
|  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon "Cameroon") | 1998– |
|  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") | 1911, 1930– |
|  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands "Cayman Islands") | 1978– |
|  [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon "Dominion of Ceylon")[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n5-96) | 1938–1950, 1958–1970 |
|  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands "Cook Islands") | 1974–1978, 1986– |
|  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus "Cyprus") | 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |
|  [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") | 1930– |
|  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini") | 2022– |
|  [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands "Falkland Islands") | 1982– |
|  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji "Fiji")[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n6-98) | 1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |
|  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon "Gabon") | 2026– |
|  [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia "The Gambia")[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n7-99) | 1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |
|  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1958–1982, 1990– |
|  [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar "Gibraltar") | 1958– |
|  [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_\(British_colony\) "Gold Coast (British colony)")[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n8-100) | 1954 |
|  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada "Grenada") | 1970–1982, 1998– |
|  [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey "Guernsey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1970– |
|  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana")[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n3-95) | 1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |
|  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong "British Hong Kong")[\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n10-102) | 1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |
|  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") | 1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  Ireland[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[n\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n12-104) | 1930 |
|  [Irish Free State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State "Irish Free State")[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103) | 1934 |
|  [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man") | 1958– |
|  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") | 1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey "Jersey")[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n9-101) | 1958– |
|  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya") | 1954–1982, 1990– |
|  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati "Kiribati") | 1998– |
|  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho "Lesotho") | 1974– |
|  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi "Malawi") | 1970– |
|  [Malaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya "Federation of Malaya")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1950, 1958–1962 |
|  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") | 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives")[\[x\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n14-118) | 1986–2014, 2022– |
|  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta "Malta") | 1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |
| Nation | Years of participation |
|  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius") | 1958–1982, 1990– |
|  [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat "Montserrat") | 1994– |
|  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique "Mozambique") | 1998– |
|  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia "Namibia") | 1994– |
|  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru "Nauru") | 1990– |
|  [Newfoundland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland "Dominion of Newfoundland")[\[p\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n15-106) | 1930–1934 |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") | 1930– |
|  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") | 1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |
|  [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue "Niue") | 2002– |
|  [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island") | 1986–[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-120) |
|  [North Borneo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo "Crown Colony of North Borneo")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 |
|  [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland")[\[m\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n11-103)[\[q\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n16-107) | 1934–1938, 1954– |
|  [Northern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia "Northern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1954–1958 |
|  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan") | 1954–1970, 1990– |
|  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea") | 1962–1982, 1990– |
|  [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1962 |
|  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda") | 2010– |
|  [Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla "Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1978 |
|  [Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena")[\[t\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n19-110) | 1982, 1998– |
|  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n2-93) | 1990– |
|  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia") | 1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |
|  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") | 1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |
|  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1998– |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak "Crown Colony of Sarawak")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958–1962 |
|  [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") | 1930– |
|  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles "Seychelles") | 1990– |
|  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone "Sierra Leone") | 1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |
|  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")[\[o\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n13-105) | 1958– |
|  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands "Solomon Islands") | 1982, 1990– |
|  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa") | 1911–1958, 1994– |
|  [South Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia "Federation of South Arabia")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n1-92) | 1966 |
|  [Southern Rhodesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia "Southern Rhodesia")[\[r\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n18-108)[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1934–1958 |
|  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") | 1974–1982, 1990– |
|  [Swaziland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini")[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n24-97) | 1970–2018 |
|  [Tanganyika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_\(1961%E2%80%931964\) "Tanganyika (1961–1964)")[\[v\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n21-112) | 1962 |
|  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") | 1966–1982, 1990– |
|  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo "Togo") | 2026– |
|  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga "Tonga") | 1974, 1982, 1990– |
|  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago") | 1934–1982, 1990– |
|  [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands") | 1978, 1998– |
|  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu "Tuvalu") | 2002– |
|  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") | 1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |
|  [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") | 1911[\[y\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n23-122) |
|  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu "Vanuatu") | 1982– |
|  [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales "Wales") | 1930– |
|  [Western Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa "Samoa")[\[u\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n20-111) | 1974–1994 |
|  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia")[\[s\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n17-109) | 1970–1982, 1990– |
|  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe")[\[w\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-n22-113) | 1982, 1990–2002 |
### Commonwealth nations yet to send teams
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Commonwealth nations yet to send teams")\]
Very few Commonwealth nations and dependencies have yet to take part:[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_of_Nations_2014-123)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-124)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-McConnachie_2014-125)
- [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon "Gabon") and [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo "Togo"), the most recent members to join the Commonwealth in 2022, became part of the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") in 2023 and are expected to make their debut in the 2026 edition.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_Sport_2023-126)
- [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokelau "Tokelau"), a dependency of [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand"), was expected to take part for the first time at the 2010 Games in Delhi but did not do so.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-127) In 2018, Tokelau was noted to be ineligible for the Commonwealth Games until it became affiliated to at least five [international sport federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sport_federations "International sport federations").[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-RNZ_2018-128)
- [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Island "Christmas Island") and the [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_\(Keeling\)_Islands "Cocos (Keeling) Islands"), both [external territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia "States and territories of Australia") of Australia like [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island"), have not yet sent teams of their own.
- The [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands "Pitcairn Islands"), a [British Overseas Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory "British Overseas Territory"), does not compete due to its small population (around 50 people).[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Pitcairn-129)
Other inhabited territories and [autonomous regions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division "Autonomous administrative division") within the Commonwealth, such as [Ascension Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island "Ascension Island") and [Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha "Tristan da Cunha") (parts of the British Overseas Territory of [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha")), [Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevis "Nevis") (a federal entity of the [Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis")), [Rodrigues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues "Rodrigues") (an [outer island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius "Outer Islands of Mauritius") of [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius")), and [Zanzibar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar "Zanzibar") (a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania), are not considered to be separate associated or overseas territories by the Commonwealth[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Commonwealth_of_Nations_2014-123) and so are unlikely to be eligible.
### Rejected participants
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Rejected participants")\]
Campaigners from the [English county](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_county "English county") of [Cornwall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall "Cornwall") asked the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") to allow Cornwall to participate independently in the 2006 Games, but were rejected by the CGF, which stated that "Cornwall is no more than an English county" and advised Cornwall athletes to compete on the [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") team.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBC_NEWS_2006-130)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Harris_2006-131) Cornwall political party [Mebyon Kernow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mebyon_Kernow "Mebyon Kernow") unsuccessfully called for a Cornwall team at the 2022 Games.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Hart_2022-132)
The [Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus") applied to take part in the 2006 Games, but was rejected due to a lack of [international recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition "International recognition").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-BBC_NEWS_2006-130)
The [1934 British Empire Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games "1934 British Empire Games"), originally awarded in 1930 to [Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg "Johannesburg"), were moved to London after South Africa's pre-[apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") government refused to allow participants of colour.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Gorman2012-133)
The [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") were originally awarded to [Durban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban "Durban") on 2 September 2015, at the [CGF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") General Assembly in [Auckland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland "Auckland").[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-134) It was reported in February 2017 that Durban may be unable to host the games due to financial constraints. On 13 March 2017, the CGF stripped Durban of their rights to host and reopened the bidding process for the 2022 games.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-135) Many cities from Australia, Canada, England and Malaysia expressed interest to host the games. However, the CGF received only one official bid and that was from [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-136) On 21 December 2017, [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham") was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban's replacement host.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-137)
A joint bid from 6 cities of the [Victoria State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_\(state\) "Victoria (state)") in Australia was selected to host the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games"). On 18 July 2023, the Premier of Victoria [Dan Andrews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Andrews "Daniel Andrews") announced that the state was giving up on hosting the event due a significant increase in event forecast. Initial costs estimated an investment of approximately[A\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_dollar "Australian dollar")2\.6 billion, but the new prospects were resulting to be closer to A\$6–7 billion.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-138)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-139) On 18 July 2023, the [Victorian state government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_state_government "Victorian state government") announced it had cancelled its plans to host the games, citing an escalation in its cost projections relative to initial estimations. With no host city, there was a possibility that the games would be postponed to 2027 or cancelled.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:7-140)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-141)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-:CancelledGuardian-142) However, on 17 September 2024, it was announced that the Scottish Government had agreed to host the 2026 games in [Glasgow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games").[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-143)
Much like the [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games"), the Commonwealth Games have also experienced boycotts:
[Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria") boycotted the [1978 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games "1978 Commonwealth Games") at [Edmonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton "Edmonton") in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid")\-era South Africa. [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda") also stayed away, in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of [Idi Amin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin "Idi Amin").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-MacintoshHawes1994-35)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Edmonton-144)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1986_Commonwealth_Games_\(Edinburgh\)_boycotting_countries_\(red\).png)
Countries that boycotted the 1986 Games are shaded red
During the [1986 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games "1986 Commonwealth Games") at [Edinburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh"), a majority of the Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the [Thatcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher "Margaret Thatcher") government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with [apartheid South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_South_Africa "Apartheid South Africa") in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-145) The boycotting nations were [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda "Antigua and Barbuda"), [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados "Barbados"), [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas"), [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh"), [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda "Bermuda"), [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize "Belize"), [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus "Cyprus"), [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica "Dominica"), [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia "The Gambia"), [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana "Ghana"), [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana "Guyana"), [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada "Grenada"), [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India"), [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica"), [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya "Kenya"), [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia"), [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria "Nigeria"), [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan"), [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea "Papua New Guinea"), [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands "Solomon Islands"), [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka"), [St. Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"), [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone "Sierra Leone"), [St. Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "Saint Kitts and Nevis"), [St. Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia "Saint Lucia"), [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius "Mauritius"), [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago "Trinidad and Tobago"), [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania"), [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "Turks and Caicos Islands"), [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda "Uganda"), [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia "Zambia") and [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe "Zimbabwe").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-146) Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-147)
The [1982 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games "1982 Commonwealth Games") in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") took place amid mass protests for [Australian Aboriginal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal "Australian Aboriginal") rights. The controversial [Joh Bjelke-Petersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen "Joh Bjelke-Petersen") state government had been repeatedly been challenged by the [Queensland Council for Civil Liberties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Council_for_Civil_Liberties "Queensland Council for Civil Liberties") over the restrictions it placed on freedom of speech, freedom of association and freedom to protest. The [Government of Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Queensland "Government of Queensland") did not recognise Aboriginal land rights. Queensland also placed severe legal restrictions on Aboriginal people through the "Aboriginal Act 1971".
Aboriginal activists including [Gary Foley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Foley "Gary Foley") planned mass demonstrations in [Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane") during the week of the games, dubbed the "Stolenwealth Games". In response, Queensland passed "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" to restrict protests in or near the event. When Aboriginal activists and their supporters marched anyway, hundreds were arrested. The protests were recorded in the documentary "Guniwaya Ngigu".
Further "Stolenwealth Games" protests took place during the [2006 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games") in [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") and [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") on the [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland").[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-148)
## Financial implications
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: Financial implications")\]
The estimated cost of the [2010 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games "2010 Commonwealth Games") in Delhi was US\$11 billion, according to *[Business Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Today_\(India\) "Business Today (India)")* magazine.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-149) The initial total budget estimated by the [Indian Olympic Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Olympic_Association "Indian Olympic Association") in 2003 was US\$250 million. In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated US\$1.8 billion, a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-150) The 2010 Commonwealth Games is reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-151)
An analysis conducted by [PricewaterhouseCoopers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers "PricewaterhouseCoopers") on the [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games"), [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games "2006 Commonwealth Games"), [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") and [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") Commonwealth Games found that each dollar spent by governments on operating costs, games venues and athletes' villages generated US\$2 for the host city or state economies, with an average of more than 18,000 jobs generated by each of the events.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-152)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-153) Additionally, all four cities enjoyed long-term improvements to transport or other infrastructure through hosting the Games, while some also benefited from the revival of struggling precincts.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-154)
An analysis conducted by [Ernst & Young](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young "Ernst & Young") found that the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") generated an estimated economic impact of \$2.5 billion, while the venues constructed and upgraded for the Games generated over \$60 million in economic benefit annually to the Gold Coast, with the success of the 2018 Commonwealth Games credited with helping Brisbane to secure hosting rights for the [2032 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics "2032 Summer Olympics").[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-155)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-156)
## Notable competitors
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Games&action=edit§ion=31 "Edit section: Notable competitors")\]
Lawn bowler [Willie Wood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Wood_\(bowler\) "Willie Wood (bowler)") from [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland") was the first competitor to have competed in seven Commonwealth Games, from 1974 to 2002, a record equalled in 2014 by [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man "Isle of Man") cyclist [Andrew Roche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Roche "Andrew Roche").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-157) They have both been surpassed by [David Calvert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Calvert_\(sport_shooter\) "David Calvert (sport shooter)") of [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") who in 2018 attended his 11th games.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-158)
[Sitiveni Rabuka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka "Sitiveni Rabuka") was a Prime Minister of [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji "Fiji"). Beforehand he represented Fiji in shot put, hammer throw, discus and the decathlon at the 1974 [British Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Games "British Commonwealth Games") held in Christchurch, New Zealand.
[Greg Yelavich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Yelavich "Greg Yelavich"), a sports shooter from New Zealand, has won 12 medals in seven games from 1986 to 2010.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-Greg_Yelavich_Olympic_success-159)
Lawn bowler [Robert Weale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Weale "Robert Weale") has represented Wales in 8 Commonwealth Games, 1986–2014, winning 2 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-160)
Nauruan weightlifter [Marcus Stephen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Stephen "Marcus Stephen") won twelve medals at the Games between 1990 and 2002, of which seven gold, and was elected [President of Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Nauru "President of Nauru") in 2007. His performance has helped place Nauru (the smallest independent state in the Commonwealth, at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi) and with a population of fewer than 9,400 in 2011) in twenty-second place on the [all-time Commonwealth Games medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table "All-time Commonwealth Games medal table").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
Australian swimmer [Ian Thorpe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Thorpe "Ian Thorpe") has won 10 Commonwealth Games gold medals and 1 silver medal. At the [1998 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games "1998 Commonwealth Games") in Kuala Lumpur, he won 4 gold medals. At the [2002 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games "2002 Commonwealth Games") in Manchester, he won 6 gold medals and 1 silver medal.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-161)
[Chad le Clos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_le_Clos "Chad le Clos"), South Africa's most decorated swimmer, has won 18 medals from four Commonwealth Games (2010, 2014, 2018 & 2022), seven of which are gold. At the [2014 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games "2014 Commonwealth Games") in Glasgow, he won two gold medals, one silver medal, and four bronze medals.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-162) At the [2018 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games "2018 Commonwealth Games") in [Gold Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland "Gold Coast, Queensland"), he won three golds, a silver and a bronze.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-163)
English actor [Jason Statham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Statham "Jason Statham") took part as a diver in the 1990 Commonwealth Games.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-164)
At the [2022 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games "2022 Commonwealth Games") in [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), Australian singer [Cody Simpson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cody_Simpson "Cody Simpson") won a gold medal as a swimmer at the [men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_freestyle_relay "Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay") and a silver at the [men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_medley_relay "Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay").[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-165)
The [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC") was the principal broadcaster from 1954 to 2022 apart from the first four editions in 1930, 1934, 1938 and 1950. On 19 December 2025, it is announced that the [2026 Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games "2026 Commonwealth Games") in Glasgow will be shown live on [TNT Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_Sports "TNT Sports") for the first time on paywall television instead on free-to-air television.
- [Commonwealth Youth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games "Commonwealth Youth Games")
- [Commonwealth Mountain and Ultradistance Running Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Mountain_and_Ultradistance_Running_Championships "Commonwealth Mountain and Ultradistance Running Championships")
- [List of Commonwealth Games venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_venues "List of Commonwealth Games venues")
- [List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stamps_depicting_the_Commonwealth_Games "List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games")
- [List of Commonwealth Games mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_mascots "List of Commonwealth Games mascots")
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-3)** Which also refers itself as the **Comm Games**.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-2)
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n1_92-3) Aden later joined South Arabia in 1963 and departed the Commonwealth in 1967.
3. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n2_93-5) Anguilla was completely separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1980 and remaining Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent from the United Kingdom in 1983.
4. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n4_94-3) British Honduras was renamed Belize in 1973.
5. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n3_95-3) British Guiana was renamed Guyana in 1966.
6. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n5_96-2) Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
7. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n24_97-2) Swaziland was renamed Eswatini in 2018.
8. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n6_98-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n6_98-1) Fiji was re-suspended from the Commonwealth and the 2010 Games in 2009.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10594683-114) Fiji's suspension from the Commonwealth was lifted in time for the 2014 Games following [democratic elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election "2014 Fijian general election") in March 2014.
9. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n7_99-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n7_99-1) The Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2013, but rejoined on 8 February 2018; The Gambia was readmitted to the [Commonwealth Games Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games_Federation "Commonwealth Games Federation") in March 2018.
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n8_100-3) Gold Coast (British colony) was renamed Ghana in 1957.
11. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n9_101-3) Including neighbouring Islands.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n10_102-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n10_102-1) Hong Kong was never a Commonwealth member but was a territory of a Commonwealth country; it ceased to be in the Commonwealth when the territory was [handed over](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong "Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong") to China in 1997.
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n11_103-4) Ireland was represented as a single team from the whole of the [island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland "Ireland") in 1930, and by two teams, representing the Irish Free State, and Northern Ireland in 1934. The Irish Free State was officially renamed [Éire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland "Republic of Ireland") in 1937 but did not participate in the 1938 Games, and withdrew from the Commonwealth when it unilaterally declared that it was the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949.
14. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n12_104-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n12_104-1) Contemporary illustrations show Green Flag used for the Irish team.
15. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n13_105-7) Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore federated as Malaysia in 1963. Singapore was expelled from the federation in 1965, becoming a sovereign country.
16. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n15_106-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n15_106-1) Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-119)
17. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n16_107-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n16_107-1) The [Ulster Banner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Banner "Ulster Banner") was the flag of the former Government of Northern Ireland only between 1953 and 1972, but the flag has been regarded as flag of Northern Ireland since 1924 among [unionists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland "Unionism in Ireland") and [loyalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_loyalism "Ulster loyalism"). The Ulster Banner is the sporting flag of Northern Ireland in other events such as the [FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup "FIFA World Cup") and in the [FIVB Volleyball World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_World_Championship_\(disambiguation\) "FIVB Volleyball World Championship (disambiguation)").
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n18_108-4) Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia competed separately in 1954 and 1958 while both were part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
19. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n17_109-7) Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia federated with Nyasaland in 1953 as [Rhodesia and Nyasaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland"), which dissolved at the end of 1963 and became Zambia in 1964.
20. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n19_110-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n19_110-1) Under the name of "[Saint Helena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena "Saint Helena")" in the Commonwealth Games.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-121) [Ascension Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island "Ascension Island") and [Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha "Tristan da Cunha") were dependencies of Saint Helena, so the territory was officially called "Saint Helena and Dependencies" until 2009. Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha became equal parts of [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") in 2009.
21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n20_111-3) Western Samoa was renamed Samoa in 1997.
22. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n21_112-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n21_112-1) Zanzibar and Tanganyika federated to form Tanzania in 1964.
23. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n22_113-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n22_113-1) Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003.
24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n14_118-0)** The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2016,[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-115) but was re-admitted in 2020.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-116)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_note-117)
25. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-n23_122-0)** United Kingdom were the host of the Inter-Empire Championships in 1911. This event was held before the 1st edition of the Games held in Hamilton, Canada in 1930.
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-1)**
["Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133). *Triple M*. Archived from [the original](https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133) on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-2)**
Allan, Steve. ["COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES \| NBN News"](https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/). Retrieved 7 December 2022.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-4)**
["History of the Games"](https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games). *Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games*. Archived from [the original](https://gc2018.com/history-games) on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-5)**
Keating, Steve (31 July 2022). ["'Friendly Games' have an edge when India play Pakistan at cricket"](https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/friendly-games-have-an-edge-when-india-play-pakistan-cricket-2022-07-31/). *Reuters*. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-6)**
["Commonwealth Games: Australia drop out could be 'death knell'"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229577). 18 July 2023.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-7)**
["The Commonwealth Games is on its last legs — but could it be saved with a left-field idea?"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-05/commonwealth-games-could-be-over/103188826). *ABC News*. 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-8)**
["Commonwealth Games 2026: Scaled-down, cost-effective Glasgow event proposed"](https://www.bbc.com/sport/commonwealth-games/68792008). *BBC Sport*. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-9)**
["King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp). *BBC News*. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp) from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-10)**
["Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts"](https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o). *BBC Sport*. 26 November 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2026.
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-ANETT_11-0)**
["J Astley Cooper"](http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/). *Anent Scottish Running*. 25 August 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-12)** [Arnd Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnd_Kr%C3%BCger "Arnd Krüger") (1986): War John Astley Cooper der Erfinder der modernen Olympischen Spiele? In: LOUIS BURGENER u. a. (Hrsg.): *Sport und Kultur*, Bd. 6. Bern: Lang, 72 – 81.
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-13)**
Riordan, Jim (11 September 2002). [*The International Politics of Sport in the Twentieth Century*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AgN6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4). [Taylor & Francis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"). p. 4. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781135817275](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135817275 "Special:BookSources/9781135817275")
.
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-14)**
Dunn, John F. (16 March 1986). ["STAMPS; NEW BOOKLET"](https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/16/arts/stamps-new-booklet.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/16/arts/stamps-new-booklet.html) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-15)**
["FESTIVAL OF EMPIRE GAMES"](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/204490892). *[Evening Journal (Adelaide)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_Journal_\(Adelaide\) "Evening Journal (Adelaide)")*. 21 April 1911. p. 2. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-16)**
["COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS"](http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/). *GBR Athletics*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/) from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-17)**
["Empire Sports"](https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55). *Papers Past*. 21 August 1911. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55) from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-18)**
Griffin, Frederick (9 August 1930). ["Hamilton's Amazing Empire Athletic Meet"](https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-aug-09-1930-3160191/). *[Winnipeg Free Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press "Winnipeg Free Press")*. Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 27. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230528185244/https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-aug-09-1930-3160191/) from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-TOP_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-TOP_19-1)
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21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-E30_22-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-E30_22-1)
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\[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")*\]
77. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-78)**
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78. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-mch.govt.nz_79-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games#cite_ref-mch.govt.nz_79-1)
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Ramsay, George (28 July 2022). ["Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games"](https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html). *CNN*. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- Brown, Geoff and Hogsbjerg, Christian. *Apartheid is not a Game: Remembering the Stop the Seventy Tour campaign.* London: Redwords, 2020. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781912926589](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781912926589 "Special:BookSources/9781912926589")
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[9781903158098](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903158098 "Special:BookSources/9781903158098")
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- [insidethegames – the latest and most up to date news and interviews from the world of Olympic, Commonwealth and Paralympic Games](http://www.insidethegames.biz/)
- [ATR – Around the Rings – the Business Surrounding the Multi-sport events](http://www.aroundtherings.com/)
- [GamesBids.com – An Authoritative Review of Games Bid Business (home of the BidIndex™)](http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/) |
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