🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa107)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States","crawl_time":1773578039,"first_indexed_time":1632316682,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"United States COVID-19 vaccination\n. Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See\nCommons source\nfor date of last upload.\nUS territories\n: GU =\nGuam\n. AS =\nAmerican Samoa\n. RP =\nRepublic of Palau\n. FM =\nFederated States of Micronesia\n. MP =\nNorthern Mariana Islands\n. MH =\nMarshall Islands\n. VI =\nVirgin Islands\n.\n[\n1\n]\nPercent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too.\n[\n2\n]\n[\n3\n]\nSee\nCommons source\nfor date of last upload.\nOver the course of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic\n,\nCOVID-19 vaccine mandates\nhave been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President\nJoe Biden\nannounced that the federal government would take steps to mandate\nCOVID-19 vaccination\nfor certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld.\nAll federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates.\nBackground\nA precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B.\n[\n4\n]\nWhen acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that \"I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters.\"\nBBC News\nwriter Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the \"stubbornly pervasive\" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which \"could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health.\"\n[\n5\n]\nFurthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, \"credential\", or \"\npassport\n\" to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing\ndata privacy\nand discrimination concerns.\n[\n6\n]\nWorker and traveler mandates\nPrivate mandates\nAs of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions,\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\nwhile some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present\nproof of vaccination\n.\n[\n9\n]\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nIn August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues.\n[\n12\n]\n[\n13\n]\n[\n14\n]\nIn some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed.\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\n[\n15\n]\n[\n16\n]\nIn June 2021, the initial\nEUA\nstatus of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal,\n[\n17\n]\nas FDA regulations state that a person must be informed \"of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks\". As these regulations refer to an \"option to accept or refuse\", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a\nvaccination policy\n.\n[\n18\n]\n[\n19\n]\nHowever, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in\nKlaassen v. Indiana University\nin particular addressing this subject at length.\nIn May 2021, the\nEqual Employment Opportunity Commission\n(EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the\nAmericans with Disabilities Act\n(medical exemptions) or\nTitle VII of the Civil Rights Act\n(religious exemptions).\n[\n17\n]\n[\n20\n]\n[\n21\n]\nBy contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status.\n[\n22\n]\nWhen the\nPfizer vaccine\nformally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates.\n[\n23\n]\n[\n24\n]\nIn order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate.\n[\n25\n]\n[\n26\n]\nSome businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access.\n[\n9\n]\nHowever, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees.\n[\n27\n]\nSimilar mandates were announced for California state employees,\n[\n8\n]\n[\n15\n]\nand federal employees and contractors.\n[\n7\n]\nMany U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school.\n[\n28\n]\nThe\nNational Football League\nmade rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by\nforfeit\n, and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team).\n[\n29\n]\n[\n30\n]\nIn mid-August 2021,\nAnschutz Entertainment Group\n(AEG) and\nLive Nation Entertainment\nboth announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4.\n[\n11\n]\nFederal mandates\nIn September 2021, Biden announced the\nBiden administration COVID-19 action plan\n, a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination)\n[\n31\n]\nper guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate).\n[\n31\n]\nThe administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated.\n[\n32\n]\nIn September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded\nMedicaid\nand\nMedicare\n-certified health care facilities, and\nHead Start program\nfacilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the\nUnited States Department of Health and Human Services\n(HHS).\n[\n33\n]\n[\n34\n]\n[\n31\n]\nCompanies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an\nOccupational Safety and Health Administration\n(OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard.\n[\n35\n]\n[\n36\n]\nThese two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022.\n[\n32\n]\nBy September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.\n[\n37\n]\nDespite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having \"cancelled all medical freedom\".\n[\n38\n]\n[\n39\n]\nThe next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating \"Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested.\"\n[\n40\n]\nIn November 2021, the\nSixth Circuit Court of Appeals\nstayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard.\n[\n41\n]\nThe\nUnited States Supreme Court\ntook up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022.\n[\n42\n]\nOn January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in\nNational Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration\nthat OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in\nBiden v. Missouri\n.\n[\n43\n]\nIn the OSHA case, the court issued a\nper curiam\ndecision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices\nStephen Breyer\n,\nSonia Sotomayor\n, and\nElena Kagan\nstates that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19.\n[\n44\n]\nIn the healthcare workers' mandate, the\nper curiam\nopinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices\nClarence Thomas\nand\nSamuel Alito\nwrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices\nNeil Gorsuch\nand\nAmy Coney Barrett\n. Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given.\n[\n44\n]\nOn January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals.\n[\n45\n]\nIn May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States.\n[\n46\n]\nList of current mandates\nFederal vaccine mandates\nSeveral federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023.\nApplicability\nScope\nAuthority\nRef.\nFederal contractors\nRequires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception.\nExecutive Order 14042\n[\n47\n]\nHealth care workers\nRequires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the\nCenter for Medicare and Medicaid Services\nto be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception.\nOmnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule\n[\n48\n]\nPrivate sector employees\nRequires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing.\nOSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing\n[\n49\n]\nFederal government employees\nRequires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception.\nExecutive Order 14043\n[\n50\n]\nMilitary personnel\nRequires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception.\nMemorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021\n[\n51\n]\nNoncitizen air travelers\nRequires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination.\nPresidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021\n[\n52\n]\nState and territorial vaccine mandates for workers\nSeveral states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees.\nState\nState government workers\nHealth care workers\nEducational workers\nHospitality workers\nTesting alternative\n \nCalifornia\nYes\nYes\nYes\n[\n53\n]\nYes (except for healthcare workers)\n \nMaine\nYes\n[\n54\n]\nNo\n \nWashington\nYes\n[\n55\n]\nYes\nYes\n[\n56\n]\n \nHawaii\nYes\nYes\n \nDelaware\nYes\n[\n57\n]\n \nMinnesota\nYes\n[\n58\n]\n \nPennsylvania\nYes (if involved in healthcare settings)\n[\n59\n]\nYes\n \nOregon\nYes (in October, for executive branch employees)\n[\n60\n]\nYes\n[\n61\n]\nYes\n[\n61\n]\n \nNew York\nYes (by September 6)\n[\n62\n]\nYes\n[\n63\n]\n \nIllinois\nPartial (for workers in high-contact settings)\n[\n64\n]\nYes\n[\n65\n]\n \nNew Mexico\nYes\n[\n66\n]\n \nVermont\nPartial (for workers in high-contact settings)\n[\n67\n]\n \nMaryland\nPartial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings)\n[\n68\n]\nYes\n[\n69\n]\n \nDistrict of Columbia\nYes\n[\n70\n]\nYes (by September 30)\n[\n71\n]\n \nGuam\nPartial (for executive branch workers)\n[\n72\n]\n \nPuerto Rico\nYes\n[\n73\n]\nYes\nYes\n[\n74\n]\nYes\nYes\n \nConnecticut\nYes\n[\n75\n]\nPartial (for nursing home workers)\n[\n76\n]\nYes\nYes\n \nRhode Island\nYes\n[\n77\n]\n \nMassachusetts\nYes\n[\n78\n]\nPartial (for nursing home workers)\n[\n79\n]\n \nColorado\nYes\n[\n80\n]\n \nNew Jersey\nYes\n[\n81\n]\nPartial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities)\n[\n82\n]\nYes\nYes\nCounty and municipal vaccine mandates for workers\nCity or county\nState\nCity\/county government workers\nHealth care workers\nEducational workers\nHospitality workers\nTesting alternative\nTucson\nArizona\nYes\n[\n83\n]\nYes\nBoston\nMassachusetts\nYes\n[\n84\n]\nYes\nLos Angeles\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n85\n]\nYes\nNew York City\nNew York\nYes\n[\n86\n]\nYes\n[\n87\n]\nYes\nSan Diego\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n88\n]\nYes\nJackson\nMississippi\nYes\n[\n89\n]\nYes\nNewark\nNew Jersey\nYes\n[\n90\n]\nYes\nHoboken\nNew Jersey\nYes\n[\n91\n]\nYes\nRichmond\nVirginia\nYes\n[\n92\n]\nYes\nDenver\nColorado\nYes\n[\n93\n]\nYes\nPasadena\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n94\n]\nYes\nNew Bedford\nMassachusetts\nYes\n[\n95\n]\nYes\nSan Jose\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n96\n]\nYes\nNew Orleans\nLouisiana\nYes\n[\n97\n]\nYes\nSan Francisco\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n98\n]\nYes\nAquinnah\nMassachusetts\nYes\n[\n99\n]\nYes\nPhiladelphia\nPennsylvania\nYes\n[\n100\n]\nPortland\nOregon\nYes (by September 10)\n[\n101\n]\nSeattle\nWashington\nYes\n[\n102\n]\nKing County\nWashington\nYes\n[\n102\n]\nProvidence\nRhode Island\nYes\n[\n103\n]\nSt. Louis\nMissouri\nYes\n[\n104\n]\nSacramento\nCalifornia\nYes\n[\n105\n]\nChicago\nIllinois\nYes\n[\n106\n]\nMandates for entry to private facilities\nA COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC.\nVaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees,\n[\n107\n]\nand California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its\nBlueprint for a Safer Economy\nframework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test.\n[\n108\n]\nWith the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome\nvaccine hesitancy\n, several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues;\n[\n13\n]\n[\n12\n]\n[\n14\n]\nOn August 3, 2021, Mayor of\nNew York City\nBill de Blasio\nannounced that a vaccine mandate known as\nKey to NYC Pass\nwould take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues.\n[\n109\n]\n[\n13\n]\n[\n110\n]\n[\n111\n]\nAhead of the announcement,\nThe Broadway League\n,\nCarnegie Hall\n, and the\nMetropolitan Opera\nhad announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows.\n[\n10\n]\nSan Francisco\nannounced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any  entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated.\n[\n12\n]\nNew Orleans\nalso announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test.\n[\n14\n]\nOn September 10, 2021,\nWest Hollywood, California\nannounced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated.\n[\n112\n]\nOn September 14, 2021,\nContra Costa County, California\nannounced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19.\n[\n113\n]\nOn September 15, 2021, the\nLos Angeles County Department of Public Health\n(LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required.\n[\n114\n]\nOn August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose.\n[\n115\n]\n[\n116\n]\nOn October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8;\n[\n117\n]\nit is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people.\n[\n118\n]\nOn December 13, 2021, the\nPhiladelphia\nDepartment of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted.\n[\n119\n]\nOn December 21, 2021, the\nChicago Department of Public Health\nannounced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order.\n[\n120\n]\n[\n121\n]\n[\n122\n]\n[\n123\n]\nOn December 23, 2021, the\nCook County\nDepartment of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township).\n[\n124\n]\n[\n125\n]\n[\n126\n]\nHowever, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order.\n[\n127\n]\nOn December 23, 2021, Mayor of\nNewark, New Jersey\nRas J. Baraka\nannounced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed.\n[\n128\n]\n[\n129\n]\nOn December 23, 2021,\nSkokie, Illinois\nissued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022.\n[\n130\n]\n[\n131\n]\n[\n132\n]\nOn December 28, 2021,\nOak Park, Illinois\nissued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022.\n[\n133\n]\n[\n134\n]\n[\n135\n]\nOn December 29, 2021,\nHighland Park, Illinois\nissued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022.\n[\n136\n]\n[\n137\n]\n[\n138\n]\nOn December 30, 2021,\nEvanston, Illinois\nissued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022.\n[\n139\n]\n[\n140\n]\n[\n141\n]\nOn January 12, 2022, the mayors of\nMinneapolis\nand\nSt. Paul\nannounced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26.\n[\n142\n]\n[\n143\n]\nPolitical views\nAs with\nmask mandates\nsupport and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines.\n[\n144\n]\nConcern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal.\n[\n145\n]\nMedia has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates.\n[\n146\n]\nRestrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism'\n[\n147\n]\nAs of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service.\n[\n146\n]\nAlabama,\n[\n148\n]\nFlorida,\n[\n149\n]\nIowa,\n[\n150\n]\nMontana,\n[\n151\n]\nand Texas\n[\n152\n]\nalso prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of $5,000 per-instance,\n[\n153\n]\nthe Montana order terming it as a prohibition of \"\ndiscrimination\n\" on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools),\n[\n154\n]\n[\n151\n]\nand the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the\nTexas Alcoholic Beverage Commission\n, which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law).\n[\n155\n]\nTexas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative\nCOVID-19 test\nis prohibited.\n[\n155\n]\nThe Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts.\n[\n150\n]\nThere have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students.\n[\n156\n]\nSome politicians such as\nMarjorie Taylor Greene\nhave claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the\nHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\n(HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status.\n[\n157\n]\nThe Privacy Rule only applies to specific \"\nprotected health information\n\" being stored by a \"covered entity\" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals.\n[\n158\n]\n[\n159\n]\n[\n160\n]\nIn February 2023, Idaho state senator\nTammy Nichols\nintroduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine.\n[\n161\n]\nLegal challenges\nSeveral states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use\n[\n162\n]\nand allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits.\n[\n163\n]\nA sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual \"who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement\" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation.\n[\n164\n]\nThe following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming.\n[\na\n]\n[\n162\n]\nThe following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida.\n[\n165\n]\nOn January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said \"State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges.\"\n[\n166\n]\n\"The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed,\" the Attorney General's office said. \"But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court.\" In his guidance, Miyares writes that \"Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance.\"\n[\n167\n]\nWithin a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students.\n[\n168\n]\nOn February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.\n[\n169\n]\nThis lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed.\n[\n170\n]\nOn May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of\nHouston Methodist Hospital\n, who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate.\n[\n171\n]\nThe lawsuit was dismissed by district judge\nLynn Hughes\nroughly a couple weeks later.\n[\n25\n]\nAn appeal was filed following the ruling.\n[\n172\n]\nIn July 2021,\nNorwegian Cruise Line\nsued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses.\n[\n173\n]\nIn August district judge\nKathleen M. Williams\nissued a\npreliminary injunction\nin favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to \"provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate\" and that \"documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail.\"\n[\n174\n]\n[\n175\n]\nA vaccine mandate being enforced by\nIndiana University\nrequiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in\nKlaassen v. Indiana University\nthat risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the\n14th Amendment\n. District judge\nDamon R. Leichty\nrejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to \"a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff\", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that \"the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the\nTuskegee Study\n.\"\n[\n176\n]\nThe\n7th Circuit Court of Appeals\n, in an opinion by judge\nFrank Easterbrook\n, upheld the ruling,\nciting case law dating back\nto\nsmallpox\nin 1905.\n[\n16\n]\n[\n177\n]\nOn August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice\nAmy Coney Barrett\n, who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges.\n[\n16\n]\n[\n177\n]\n[\n178\n]\nIn September 2021, the anti-vaccine group\nAmerica's Frontline Doctors\n(AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against\nAfrican Americans\n, citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the\nTuskegee Syphilis Study\n.\n[\n179\n]\nIn December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.\n[\n180\n]\nOn January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction.\n[\n181\n]\nNotes\n^\nFive states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination.\nReferences\n^\nCOVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States\n. By\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\n. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info.\n^\nCDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US\n. View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: \"Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State\/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population\". Hover or click on locations for more data.\n^\nU.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress\n. From the\nMayo Clinic\n. Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. Click on the \"data sources\" link in the first paragraph to see that the data is from the\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\n.\n^\nRodger, Daniel; Blackshaw, Bruce P. (January 2, 2022).\n\"COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers\"\n(PDF)\n.\nThe New Bioethics\n.\n28\n(1):\n27–\n39.\ndoi\n:\n10.1080\/20502877.2022.2025651\n.\nPMID\n \n35049419\n.\nS2CID\n \n245827007\n.\n^\n\"Joe Biden: Covid vaccination in US will not be mandatory\"\n.\nBBC News\n. December 5, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 23,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports\"\n.\nBBC News\n. April 6, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 23,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nRowland, Geoffrey (July 29, 2021).\n\"Biden tells federal workers: Get vaccinated or submit to testing\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nJuly 29,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nSwanson, Ian (July 27, 2021).\n\"Vaccine mandate calls fueled by COVID-19's latest spike\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nJuly 27,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nBitker, Janelle (August 12, 2021).\n\"Bay Area restaurateurs feared backlash for requiring vaccinations. In reality, it's been totally fine\"\n.\nSan Francisco Chronicle\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nMcPhee, Ryan (July 30, 2021).\n\"Broadway Will Require COVID Vaccines for Audiences\"\n.\nPlaybill\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 30, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nWillman, Chris (August 19, 2021).\n\"For Those About to Vax: Why Vaccination Proof Is Suddenly Becoming a New Standard for Concert Entry\"\n.\nVariety\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 19, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 23,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nThadani, Trisha (August 12, 2021).\n\"San Francisco to become first major U.S. city to mandate full vaccination for many indoor activities\"\n.\nSan Francisco Chronicle\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nBenveniste, Alexis (August 3, 2021).\n\"New York City will require vaccines for entry to restaurants and gyms\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 3, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nBen, Myers (August 12, 2021).\n\"New Orleans to require COVID vaccines or negative tests for bars, Superdome, other venues\"\n.\nNOLA.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 12, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nMole, Beth (July 26, 2021).\n\"COVID surge in unvaccinated is pushing US to more mandates, masks, mitigation\"\n.\nArs Technica\n. Retrieved\nJuly 27,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"Supreme Court rejects challenge to Indiana University's vaccination requirement\"\n.\nNBC News\n. August 12, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nHirsch, Lauren (June 1, 2021).\n\"E.E.O.C. Says Companies Can Mandate Vaccines, but Few Push Ahead\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nFunke, Daniel.\n\"Fact check: Federal law does not prevent states, businesses, employers from requiring COVID-19 vaccines\"\n.\nUSA Today\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nMusumeci, Marybeth; Kates, Jennifer (April 7, 2021).\n\"Key Questions About COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates\"\n.\nKFF\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nMegan, Cerullo (June 2, 2021).\n\"Companies can mandate COVID-19 vaccine, incentivize workers to get shot, EEOC says\"\n.\nCBS News\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nEbbs, Stephanie (May 28, 2021).\n\"What to know if your employer requires vaccinations: federal legal protections\"\n.\nABC News\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nSwanson, Ian (August 23, 2021).\n\"Pentagon to mandate COVID-19 vaccine for military\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nShivaram, Deepa (August 24, 2021).\n\"Why Pfizer's FDA Approval Matters And What It Means For Vaccine Mandates\"\n.\nNPR\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nSorkin, Andrew Ross; Karaian, Jason; Kessler, Sarah; Gandel, Stephen; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat; Schaverien, Anna (August 24, 2021).\n\"More Vaccine Mandates\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nSiemaszko, Corky (June 14, 2021).\n\"A Texas ruling backed vaccine mandates. But businesses are still wary\"\n.\nNBC News\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nDiamond, Dan.\n\"Most employers shy away from mandating coronavirus vaccines\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Here are the companies mandating vaccines for all or some employees\"\n.\nNBC News\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"IDs Aren't The Only Fake Documents College Students Want — Now It's Vaccine Cards Too\"\n.\nNPR\n. Retrieved\nAugust 14,\n2021\n.\n^\nBeaton, Andrew (August 13, 2021).\n\"The NFL's Unofficial Vaccine Mandate\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nISSN\n \n0099-9660\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"NFL to fine unvaccinated players $15K for lapses\"\n.\nESPN.com\n. July 24, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJuly 24,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nKevin Liptak; Kaitlan Collins (September 9, 2021).\n\"Biden announces new vaccine mandates that could cover 100 million Americans\"\n.\nCNN\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nHirsch, Lauren (November 4, 2021).\n\"U.S. Sets Jan. 4 Vaccination Deadline for Big Private Employers\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nNovember 6,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Biden-Harris Administration to Expand Vaccination Requirements for Health Care Settings | CMS\"\n.\nwww.cms.gov\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\nRodriguez, Adrianna.\n\"Biden's COVID-19 mandate to vaccinate all health care workers may come with unintended consequences\"\n.\nUSA Today\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 10, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"White House Announces Vaccination Mandate or Weekly Testing for Large Employers, and Vaccination Mandate for Federal Employees and Contractors\"\n.\nEmployment Law Landscape\n. September 10, 2021. Archived from\nthe original\non November 10, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1926, and 1928, [Docket No. OSHA-2021-0007], RIN 1218-AD42\"\n(PDF)\n.\nFederal Register\n. November 4, 2021.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on November 4, 2021\n. Retrieved\nNovember 5,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Biden tells legal challengers to 'have at it' after announcing vaccine mandate\"\n.\nThe Week\n. September 10, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"At Fox, the call for vaccine passports was coming from inside the house\"\n.\nMedia Matters for America\n. July 19, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\nKleefeld, Eric (September 10, 2021).\n\"Fox News tells viewers to \"fight back\" against the equivalent of Fox News' own COVID-19 vaccination and testing practices\"\n.\nMedia Matters for America\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\nBetsy Klein; Kate Sullivan (September 10, 2021).\n\"Biden to GOP critics looking to challenge new vaccine requirements in court: 'Have at it'\n\"\n.\nCNN\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Federal appeals court affirms stay on Biden vaccine mandate for businesses\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. November 12, 2021\n. Retrieved\nNovember 29,\n2021\n.\n^\nMarimow, Ann E.; Barnes, Robert (January 5, 2022).\n\"Supreme Court is set to review Biden's vaccine rules for businesses, health-care workers. Here's what to know\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 5,\n2022\n.\n^\nWeixel, Nathaniel; Kruzel, John (January 13, 2022).\n\"Supreme Court blocks Biden's vaccine-or-test mandate for employers\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nHowe, Amy (January 13, 2022).\n\"Fractured court blocks vaccine-or-test requirement for large workplaces but green-lights vaccine mandate for health care workers\"\n.\nSCOTUSBlog\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\nGroppe, Maureen (January 25, 2022).\n\"Biden scraps vaccine requirement for businesses, weighs options after Supreme Court defeat\"\n.\nUSA Today\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 25,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"US to lift most federal COVID-19 vaccine mandates next week\"\n.\nAP NEWS\n. May 1, 2023.\n^\n\"Biden Vaccine Mandate for Contractors Blocked Nationwide (2)\"\n.\nBloomberg\n. December 7, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Supreme Court blocks Biden's Covid vaccine requirement for businesses\"\n.\nNBC News\n. January 13, 2022.\n^\nOgrysko, Nicole (January 13, 2022).\n\"Federal district court denies two initial attempts at blocking federal vaccine mandate for employees\"\n.\nWFED\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Supreme Court blocks Biden's Covid vaccine requirement for businesses\"\n.\nNBC News\n. January 21, 2022.\n^\n\"Deadlines Set for All Service Members' Vaccinations Against COVID\"\n.\nMilitary Health System\n.\nU.S. Department of Defense\n. September 20, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Requirement for Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Air Passengers\"\n.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\n.\nU.S. Government\n. February 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2021\n.\n^\nCowan, Jill (August 11, 2021).\n\"California orders all teachers to be vaccinated or face regular testing\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nAndrews, Caitlin (August 12, 2021).\n\"Maine will be one of the 1st states to mandate COVID-19 vaccines for health workers\"\n.\nBangor Daily News\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nBrunner, Jim; O'Sullivan, Joseph; Cornwell; Paige (August 9, 2021).\n\"Washington state employees, health care workers must be vaccinated against COVID\"\n.\nThe Seattle Times\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Inslee brings back statewide mask order and mandates vaccines for school workers\"\n.\nThe Seattle Times\n. August 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nSchmidt, Sophia (August 12, 2021).\n\"Delaware announces vaccine mandate for state employees and healthcare workers\"\n.\nwww.delawarepublic.org\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nChen, Shawna (August 11, 2021).\n\"Minnesota joins growing list of states mandating vaccines or tests for state workers\"\n.\nAxios\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nSouthwick, Ron; Wenner, David (August 10, 2021).\n\"Pa. state workers in health care and 'high risk' settings must be vaccinated or tested\"\n.\nPenn Live Patriot News\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nWong, Peter (August 10, 2021).\n\"Oregon Gov. Brown: State workers must be vaccinated\"\n.\nPortland Tribune\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Oregon to require health workers, school staff be vaccinated\"\n.\nopb\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nLonas, Lexi (July 28, 2021).\n\"Cuomo ordering all New York state workers to be vaccinated or face testing\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nOtterman, Sharon (August 16, 2021).\n\"Health Care Workers in New York Must Get Vaccine, Cuomo Says\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nSaric, Ivana (August 4, 2021).\n\"Illinois announces mask mandate for schools, vaccinations for state workers\"\n.\nAxios\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nBosman, Julie (August 26, 2021).\n\"Illinois will require masks indoors for everyone and educators must get shots or face testing\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"FRI: New Mexico Mandates Vaccination Or Testing For State Workers, + More\"\n.\nwww.kunm.org\n. July 30, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Reporter Debrief: Gov. Scott Announces COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate For Some State Employees\"\n.\nVermont Public Radio\n. August 10, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\nCondon, Christine; Wood, Pamela (August 5, 2021).\n\"Maryland's state jail, hospital and health care workers will need COVID vaccine or have to wear masks and be tested\"\n.\nThe Baltimore Sun\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Hogan Institutes Stricter Vaccine Protocols for Workers at Md. Nursing Homes, Hospitals\"\n.\nwww.wboc.com\n. August 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"DC Mayor Bowser Mandates Vaccinations for Government Workers | WHUR 96.3 FM\"\n.\nwhur.com\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"DC to Require COVID Vaccines for All Health Care Workers\"\n.\nNBC Washington\n. August 16, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nGilbert, Haidee Eugenio (August 6, 2021).\n\"Governor orders mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for GovGuam workers in executive branch\"\n.\nThe Guam Daily Post\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nSantos, Juan Felipe; Álvarez-Sánchez, Maralyssa; Carrillo-Russe, Karla (August 9, 2021).\n\"Puerto Rico Implements Mandatory Vaccination of Certain Employees, Reinstates Mask Requirements\"\n.\nThe National Law Review\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Puerto Rico Mandates COVID-19 Booster Shots for Health and Education Sectors\"\n. January 4, 2022.\n^\nHaigh, Susan; Eaton-Robb, Pat (August 20, 2021).\n\"Lamont ordering state workers, teachers to be vaccinated\"\n.\nmyrecordjournal\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nMiller, Zeke (August 6, 2021).\n\"The Latest: Connecticut: nursing home workers must get shots\"\n.\nAssociated Press\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nMiller, G. Wayne (August 10, 2021).\n\"RI to require COVID vaccines for health-care workers\"\n.\nThe Providence Journal\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nSaric, Ivana (August 19, 2021).\n\"GOP Gov. Baker orders vaccine mandate for Massachusetts executive department workers\"\n.\nAxios\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nWiexel, Nathaniel (August 4, 2021).\n\"Massachusetts to require COVID-19 vaccine for all nursing home staff\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Governor Polis Urges State Board of Health to Engage in Expedited Rulemaking to Require COVID-19 Vaccine for All Personnel Working Directly with Colorado's Vulnerable Populations & Settings Where Coloradans Receive Essential Medical Care\"\n. Governor Jared Polis. August 17, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nSaric, Ivana (August 23, 2021).\n\"New Jersey implements vaccine mandate for school and state workers\"\n.\nAxios\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Governor Murphy Announces Vaccine Requirement for Workers in Health Care Facilities and High-Risk Congregate Settings\"\n. Governor Phil Murphy. August 2, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Tucson City Council passes vaccine mandate for city employees\"\n.\nKGUN\n. August 13, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Boston Announces Vaccine Mandate For City Workers\"\n.\nwww.wbur.org\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"L.A. will require city employees to get vaccinated or regularly tested for COVID-19\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. July 27, 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 27, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\nWamsley, Laurel (July 27, 2021).\n\"New Vaccine Mandates Are Coming For Government Employees And Health Care Workers\"\n.\nNPR\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"De Blasio: New York City Teachers, Staff Need To Be Vaccinated For School Year\"\n.\nCBS New York\n. August 23, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"San Diego requires city workers to provide proof of vaccination by Friday\"\n.\nKGTV\n. August 9, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\nCrown, Kayode.\n\"\n'Crazy Times': Mayor Lumumba Defends Vaccine Mandate for City Workers\"\n.\nwww.jacksonfreepress.com\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Newark Vaccine Mandate for All City Workers\"\n.\nNBC New York\n. August 13, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nZeitlinger, Ron; Rosario, Joshua (August 1, 2021).\n\"Hoboken orders all city workers to be vaccinated or face weekly testing\"\n.\nnj\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Richmond to mandate vaccination for city workers\"\n. Richmond, Virginia:\nAssociated Press\n. August 4, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nChoi, Joseph (August 2, 2021).\n\"Denver issues vaccine mandate for city workers and 'high-risk' private employees\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nLonas, Lexi (July 21, 2021).\n\"Pasadena requiring vaccinations for city workers\"\n.\nThe Hill\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nTowne, Shaun (August 6, 2021).\n\"New Bedford mayor: City workers must get vaccinated or undergo regular testing\"\n.\nWPRI\n. New Bedford, Massachusetts\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"San Jose orders city employees to vaccinate or get weekly COVID tests\"\n.\nThe Mercury News\n. August 5, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Mayor Cantrell issues executive order requiring all City employees, contractors to be vaccinated\"\n.\nwwltv.com\n. August 19, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"COVID: San Francisco's City Employee Vaccine Mandate Is Not A First In America\"\n. July 27, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\nThors, Lucas (June 6, 2021).\n\"Aquinnah makes headway on major facilities planning\"\n.\nMV Times\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nGarrow, John (August 11, 2021).\n\"Protecting the City from Delta: all City workers will be required to be fully vaccinated or double-masked if not fully vaccinated\"\n. City of Philadelphia\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Portland requiring city employees to get vaccinated or submit weekly COVID tests\"\n.\nWGME\n. August 13, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nConstantine, Dow (August 9, 2021).\n\"King County, State of Washington and City of Seattle announce vaccination requirement for most employees, private health care and long-term care workers\"\n. King County\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Providence will require city employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19\"\n.\nWJAR\n. August 16, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"St. Louis mayor orders all city employees to be vaccinated\"\n.\nKY3\n. St. Louis, Missouri. August 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Sacramento City Council requires its employees to get vaccinated\"\n.\nKCRA\n. August 20, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 25,\n2021\n.\n^\nBradley, Tahman (August 25, 2021).\n\"City of Chicago employees required to be fully vaccinated by Oct. 15\"\n.\nWGN9\n. Chicago\n. Retrieved\nAugust 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nMcKinley, Edward (May 5, 2021).\n\"Mets, Yankees, outdoor stadiums can go to full capacity for vaccinated fans\"\n.\nTimes Union\n. Retrieved\nMay 8,\n2021\n.\n^\nTapp, Tom (April 19, 2021).\n\"New California Rule Allows 75% Capacity For Movie Theaters In Yellow Tier, No Physical Distancing As Long As Crowds Are Fully Vaccinated – Update\"\n.\nDeadline\n. Retrieved\nApril 21,\n2021\n.\n^\nFitzsimmons, Emma G.; Otterman, Sharon; Goldstein, Joseph (August 3, 2021).\n\"N.Y.C. will require workers and customers show proof of at least one dose for indoor dining and other activities\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Archived from\nthe original\non December 28, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nLoria, Daniel (August 3, 2021).\n\"NYC Follows France in Requiring Proof of Vaccination for Moviegoers\"\n.\nBox Office Pro\n. Retrieved\nAugust 9,\n2021\n.\n^\nOtterman, Sharon (August 4, 2021).\n\"Here's How You Can Show Proof of Vaccination in New York City\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"West Hollywood will require proof of full vaccination to enter indoor restaurants, gyms, other businesses; city employees must get inoculated\"\n.\nKTLA\n. September 11, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 16,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"COVID-19 Proof of Vaccination or Test Required for Some Contra Costa Businesses :: Press Releases :: Contra Costa Health Services\"\n.\ncchealth.org\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 16,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"L.A. County plans to require proof of vaccination at indoor bars, nightclubs, breweries, wineries\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. September 15, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 16,\n2021\n.\n^\nTapp, Tom (August 11, 2021).\n\"Los Angeles City Council Votes 13-0 To Create Vaccination Requirement For Indoor Public Spaces Such As Restaurants, Movie Theaters, Concert Venues\"\n.\nDeadline\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nMaddaus, Gene (August 11, 2021).\n\"Los Angeles Moves Ahead on Indoor Vaccine Mandate\"\n.\nVariety\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"L.A. to require proof of COVID vaccination at indoor restaurants, salons, other venues\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. October 6, 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 6, 2021\n. Retrieved\nNovember 6,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"LISTING OF DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH PRESS RELEASES\"\n.\npublichealth.lacounty.gov\n. Retrieved\nNovember 6,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"You will need to be fully vaccinated against COVID to enter any establishment that serves food in Philly | Board of Health\"\n.\nCity of Philadelphia\n. December 13, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\nPublic Health Order No. 2021-2 – Proof of Vaccination in Public Places\n(PDF)\n,\nChicago Department of Public Health\n, December 21, 2021,\narchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n^\nChicago Vaccine Requirement\n,\nCity of Chicago\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n, retrieved\nJanuary 5,\n2022\n^\nBauer, Kelly (December 21, 2021),\n\"Proof Of COVID-19 Vaccine Required For Chicago Bars, Restaurants, Gyms Starting Jan. 3. Here's What To Know\"\n,\nBlock Club Chicago\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 21, 2021\n^\nMoreno, Nereida (January 4, 2022),\n\"A look at Chicago's new vaccine mandate for indoor spaces\"\n,\nWBEZ\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n^\nOrder of the Cook County Department of Public Health No. 2021-11\n(PDF)\n,\nCook County Department of Public Health\n, December 23, 2021,\narchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on January 4, 2022\n^\nCook County Department of Public Health Mitigation Guidance\n, Cook County Department of Public Health,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n, retrieved\nJanuary 5,\n2022\n^\nDudek, Mitch (December 23, 2021),\n\"Cook County to require vaccinations at restaurants, bars, gyms starting Jan. 3\"\n,\nChicago Sun-Times\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 23, 2021\n^\nJohnson, Jennifer (January 5, 2022),\n\"Some suburban mayors leave vaccine mandate compliance to Cook County: 'It's not up to us to enforce'\n\"\n,\nPark Ridge Herald-Advocate\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 5, 2022\n^\n\"News: MAYOR BARAKA TO SIGN EXECUTIVE ORDER ON MONDAY, DECEMBER 27 REQUIRING PROOF OF VACCINATION TO ENTER ESTABLISHMENTS AMID SPIKE IN COVID-19 CASES\"\n.\nwww.newarknj.gov\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"News: EXECUTIVE ORDER SUMMARY\"\n.\nwww.newarknj.gov\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\nOrder of the Skokie Health Department Director: Covid-19 Public Health Proof of Vaccination\n, Skokie Health and Human Services Department, December 23, 2021,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n^\nSkokie HHS Issues Proof of Vaccination Order\n, Village of Skokie,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 29, 2021\n, retrieved\nJanuary 5,\n2022\n^\nCox, Brian L. (December 27, 2021),\n\"Skokie joins Cook County in instituting COVID-19 vaccine requirements for some public spaces\"\n,\nOak Leaves\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 28, 2021\n^\nProof of Vaccination in Public Places\n(PDF)\n, Village of Oak Park Department of Public Health, December 30, 2021,\narchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nProof of vaccination requirement to go in effect Jan. 10\n, Village of Oak Park, December 30, 2021,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nCastle, George (December 28, 2021),\n\"Oak Park will require vaccination proof in restaurants, bars, gyms; 'God forbid it'd be spreading in my place'\n\"\n,\nSkokie Review\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 28, 2021\n^\nSupplemental Order Concerning On-Premises Food and Drink Establishments made pursuant to Declaration of Emergency\n(PDF)\n, City of Highland Park, December 29, 2021,\narchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nCity of Highland Park Requires Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Patrons of On-Premises Dining Establishments\n, December 29, 2021,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nSadin, Steve (January 4, 2022),\n\"Some Lake County municipalities not requiring proof of vaccination at eateries: 'It would be very hard on the restaurants'\n\"\n,\nLake County News-Sun\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 4, 2022\n^\nPublic Health Order\n, City of Evanston Department of Health and Human Services, December 30, 2021,\narchived\nfrom the original on January 6, 2022\n^\nEvanston Health & Human Services Department Issues New Mitigation Orders Amid COVID-19 Surge\n, City of Evanston, December 30, 2021,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nFu, Yiming (December 30, 2021),\n\"Evanston issues vaccination mandate\"\n,\nThe Daily Northwestern\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on December 31, 2021\n^\nGalioto, Katie; Navratil, Liz; Tribune, Faiza Mahamud Star.\n\"Minneapolis, St. Paul to require vaccine proof to get into bars, restaurants\"\n.\nStar Tribune\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 15,\n2022\n.\n^\nMinneapolis, City of.\n\"COVID-19 vaccinations or negative tests required to enter food or drink establishments - updated\"\n.\nwww.minneapolismn.gov\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 15,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"The Left-wing case against vaccine mandates\"\n.\nUnHerd\n. January 28, 2022.\n^\n\"Compulsory vaccination: What does human rights law say?\"\n. September 14, 2021.\n^\na\nb\nBrownstein, Ronald (August 12, 2021).\n\"\n'Everybody I Know Is Pissed Off'\n\"\n.\nThe Atlantic\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nDebus, Marc; Tosun, Jale (2021).\n\"Political ideology and vaccination willingness: Implications for policy design\"\n.\nPolicy Sciences\n.\n54\n(3):\n477–\n491.\ndoi\n:\n10.1007\/s11077-021-09428-0\n.\nPMC\n \n8206899\n.\nPMID\n \n34149102\n.\n^\nLeBlanc, Paul (May 24, 2021).\n\"Alabama governor signs bill banning Covid-19 vaccine passports\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 24, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis issues order prohibiting 'vaccine passports'\n\"\n.\nNBC News\n. April 2, 2021\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nRichardson, Ian.\n\"Iowa Senate gives final passage to 'vaccine passport' ban, sending it to Gov. Kim Reynolds\"\n.\nDes Moines Register\n. Retrieved\nOctober 28,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nOwens, Caitlin (July 12, 2021).\n\"Republicans push to ban \"discrimination\" against unvaccinated people\"\n.\nAxios\n. Archived from\nthe original\non January 23, 2022\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Gov. Greg Abbott signs law banning Texas businesses from requiring vaccine information\"\n.\nkvue.com\n. June 7, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 23,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Florida Legislation Bans Businesses from Requiring COVID-19 Vaccine \"Passports\"\n\"\n.\nJD Supra\n. Retrieved\nAugust 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nSakariassen, Alex (July 30, 2021).\n\"How to comply with Montana's new vaccine discrimination law\"\n.\nMontana Free Press\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nSantana, Steven (August 16, 2021).\n\"TABC warns restaurants their liquor licenses could be revoked for requiring vaccine proof from customers\"\n.\nSan Antonio Express-News\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"State Lawmakers Submit Bills to Ban COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Passports\"\n.\nThe National Academy for State Health Policy\n. March 5, 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 10, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nChiu, Allyson (May 22, 2021).\n\"Explaining HIPAA: No, it doesn't ban questions about your vaccination status\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n. Retrieved\nJuly 23,\n2021\n.\n^\nKavi, Aishvarya (July 22, 2021).\n\"How the HIPAA Law Works and Why People Get It Wrong\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nJuly 23,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Lawmaker Marjorie Taylor Greene, in Ten Words or Less, Gets HIPAA All Wrong\"\n.\nLaw & Crime\n. July 21, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJuly 23,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Analysis. That's not how any of this works, Marjorie Taylor Greene\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n.\nISSN\n \n0190-8286\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nCBS 2 News staff (February 16, 2023).\n\"Bill proposed that makes giving an MRNA vaccine a misdemeanor\"\n.\nKBOI\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 17,\n2023\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"State Efforts to Ban or Enforce COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Passports\"\n. January 14, 2022.\n^\n\"Should Vaccine-Resistant Workers Who Leave Their Jobs Receive Unemployment?\"\n.\nFindLaw\n. January 13, 2022.\n^\n\"States Seek to Use Unemployment Benefits to Break the Back of Vaccine Mandates\"\n.\nThe Century Foundation\n. February 3, 2022.\n^\nCai, Sophia (January 9, 2022).\n\"Red states fight school vaccine mandates\"\n.\nAxios\n.\n^\nMiyares, Jason S. (January 26, 2022).\n\"Official advisory opinion of the Attorney General\"\n(PDF)\n.\n^\nVeronica Stracqualursi (January 28, 2022).\n\"Virginia AG says state universities cannot mandate Covid-19 vaccines without lawmakers' approval\"\n.\nCNN\n.\n^\nVeronica Stracqualursi (February 2022).\n\"Virginia universities end student vaccine mandates after state attorney general's legal opinion\"\n.\nCNN\n.\n^\nStyf, Jon.\n\"Sixteen states file new lawsuit against federal COVID vaccination mandate\"\n.\nKPVI\n. Archived from\nthe original\non February 18, 2022\n. Retrieved\nNovember 6,\n2023\n.\n^\nBlankley, Bethany (January 21, 2022).\n\"Federal court dismisses Texas' lawsuit over CMS vaccine mandate\"\n.\nThe Center Square\n.\n^\nLenthang, Marlene (May 29, 2021).\n\"117 employees sue Houston Methodist hospital for requiring COVID-19 vaccine\"\n.\nABC News\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Attorneys for Houston Methodist employees file appeal after judge dismisses their lawsuit\"\n.\nKHOU\n. June 15, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJuly 10,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Norwegian Cruise Line sues Florida over vaccine passport ban\"\n.\nPolitico\nPRO\n. July 13, 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 14, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nTimmer, John (August 9, 2021).\n\"Court says Florida can't block cruise line from requiring vaccines\"\n.\nArs Technica\n. Retrieved\nAugust 10,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Federal judge sides with Norwegian Cruise Line in fight with Florida over vaccine passports\"\n.\nPolitico\nPRO\n. August 8, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 10,\n2021\n.\n^\nLombardo, Clare (July 19, 2021).\n\"Indiana University's Vaccine Requirement Should Stand, Federal Judge Rules\"\n.\nNPR\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nde Vogue, Ariane (August 12, 2021).\n\"Justice Amy Coney Barrett denies request to block Indiana University's vaccine mandate | CNN Politics\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 12, 2021\n. Retrieved\nAugust 13,\n2021\n.\n^\nMcCann, Michael (August 16, 2021).\n\"Justice Barrett Vaccine Ruling Likely to Apply to College Sports\"\n.\nSportico.com\n. Retrieved\nAugust 16,\n2021\n.\n^\nMencimer, Stephanie.\n\"Pro-Trump doctors invoke civil rights in bid to overturn New York's vaccine mandate\"\n.\nMother Jones\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 3,\n2022\n.\n^\nDurkee, Alison.\n\"Appeals Court Refuses To Put Biden's Vaccine Mandate For Healthcare Workers Back Into Effect\"\n. Retrieved\nDecember 14,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"US Supreme Court blocks Biden's workplace vaccine mandate\"\n.\nBBC News\n. January 13, 2022\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 13,\n2022\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=COVID-19+vaccination+mandates+in+the+United+States \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=COVID-19+vaccination+mandates+in+the+United+States \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States)\n- [1 Background](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Background)\n- [2 Worker and traveler mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Worker_and_traveler_mandates)\n  Toggle Worker and traveler mandates subsection\n  - [2\\.1 Private mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Private_mandates)\n  - [2\\.2 Federal mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Federal_mandates)\n- [3 List of current mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#List_of_current_mandates)\n  Toggle List of current mandates subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Federal vaccine mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Federal_vaccine_mandates)\n  - [3\\.2 State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#State_and_territorial_vaccine_mandates_for_workers)\n  - [3\\.3 County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#County_and_municipal_vaccine_mandates_for_workers)\n- [4 Mandates for entry to private facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Mandates_for_entry_to_private_facilities)\n- [5 Political views](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Political_views)\n- [6 Legal challenges](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Legal_challenges)\n- [7 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Notes)\n- [8 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#References)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\nAdd languages\n\n[Add links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q107630564#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Add interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can 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encyclopedia\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png\/500px-USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)\n\n[United States COVID-19 vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\"). Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See [Commons source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png \"File:USA. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 dose reported to the CDC by state or territory for the total population.png\") for date of last upload. [US territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territories_of_the_United_States \"Territories of the United States\"): GU = [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam \"Guam\"). AS = [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Samoa \"American Samoa\"). RP = [Republic of Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Palau \"Republic of Palau\"). FM = [Federated States of Micronesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federated_States_of_Micronesia \"Federated States of Micronesia\"). MP = [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Mariana_Islands \"Northern Mariana Islands\"). MH = [Marshall Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands \"Marshall Islands\"). VI = [Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgin_Islands \"Virgin Islands\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-US-map-1)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b5\/US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png\/500px-US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)\n\nPercent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CDC-vax-map-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Mayo-map-3) See [Commons source](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png \"commons:File:US map. Percent of total population of all ages by state or territory who completed the COVID-19 vaccination primary series.png\") for date of last upload.\n\nOver the course of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), [COVID-19 vaccine mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates \"COVID-19 vaccine mandates\") have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President [Joe Biden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate [COVID-19 vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld.\n\nAll federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates.\n\n## Background\nA precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4)\n\nWhen acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that \"I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters.\" [BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\") writer Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the \"stubbornly pervasive\" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which \"could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health.\"[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5) Furthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, \"credential\", or \"[passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\")\" to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing [data privacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_privacy \"Information privacy\") and discrimination concerns.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6)\n\n## Worker and traveler mandates\n### Private mandates\nAs of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions,[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8) while some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present [proof of vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) In August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n\nIn some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)\n\nIn June 2021, the initial [EUA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_Use_Authorization \"Emergency Use Authorization\") status of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal,[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17) as FDA regulations state that a person must be informed \"of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks\". As these regulations refer to an \"option to accept or refuse\", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a [vaccination policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_policy \"Vaccination policy\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-usa-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-19) However, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University \"Klaassen v. Indiana University\")* in particular addressing this subject at length.\n\nIn May 2021, the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission \"Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\") (EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the [Americans with Disabilities Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act \"Americans with Disabilities Act\") (medical exemptions) or [Title VII of the Civil Rights Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act \"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act\") (religious exemptions).[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17)[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21) By contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:29-22) When the [Pfizer vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") formally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:28-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-24)\n\nIn order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-26) Some businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)\n\nHowever, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-27) Similar mandates were announced for California state employees,[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15) and federal employees and contractors.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)\n\nMany U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28)\n\nThe [National Football League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") made rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by [forfeit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forfeit_\$sport\$ \"Forfeit (sport)\"), and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team).[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-30)\n\nIn mid-August 2021, [Anschutz Entertainment Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group \"Anschutz Entertainment Group\") (AEG) and [Live Nation Entertainment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Live_Nation_Entertainment \"Live Nation Entertainment\") both announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11)\n\n### Federal mandates\nMain article: [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan \"Biden administration COVID-19 action plan\")\n\nIn September 2021, Biden announced the [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan \"Biden administration COVID-19 action plan\"), a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) per guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate).[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) The administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32)\n\nIn September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded [Medicaid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicaid \"Medicaid\") and [Medicare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicare_\$United_States\$ \"Medicare (United States)\")\\-certified health care facilities, and [Head Start program](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Head_Start_\$program\$ \"Head Start (program)\") facilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the [United States Department of Health and Human Services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services \"United States Department of Health and Human Services\") (HHS).[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) Companies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an [Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration \"Occupational Safety and Health Administration\") (OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36) These two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32)\n\nBy September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37) Despite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having \"cancelled all medical freedom\".[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39) The next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating \"Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested.\"[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40)\n\nIn November 2021, the [Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sixth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals \"Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals\") stayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41) The [United States Supreme Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Supreme_Court \"United States Supreme Court\") took up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-wapost_scotus_orals-42)\n\nOn January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in *[National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration \"National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration\")* that OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in *Biden v. Missouri*.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43) In the OSHA case, the court issued a *[per curiam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Per_curiam \"Per curiam\")* decision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices [Stephen Breyer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Breyer \"Stephen Breyer\"), [Sonia Sotomayor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonia_Sotomayor \"Sonia Sotomayor\"), and [Elena Kagan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elena_Kagan \"Elena Kagan\") states that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) In the healthcare workers' mandate, the *per curiam* opinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices [Clarence Thomas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarence_Thomas \"Clarence Thomas\") and [Samuel Alito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Alito \"Samuel Alito\") wrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices [Neil Gorsuch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Gorsuch \"Neil Gorsuch\") and [Amy Coney Barrett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Coney_Barrett \"Amy Coney Barrett\"). Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) On January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45)\n\nIn May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46)\n\n## List of current mandates\n### Federal vaccine mandates\nSeveral federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023.\n\n| Applicability | Scope | Authority | Ref. |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| Federal contractors | Requires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14042](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_Order_14042 \"Executive Order 14042\") | [\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47) |\n| Health care workers | Requires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the [Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services \"Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services\") to be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule | [\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) |\n| Private sector employees | Requires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing. | OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing | [\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49) |\n| Federal government employees | Requires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14043](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_Order_14043 \"Executive Order 14043\") | [\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50) |\n| Military personnel | Requires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021 | [\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51) |\n| Noncitizen air travelers | Requires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination. | Presidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021 | [\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) |\n### State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers\nSeveral states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees.\n\n| State | State government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Flag_of_California.svg\/40px-Flag_of_California.svg.png) [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California \"California\") | Yes | Yes | Yes[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53) |   | Yes (except for healthcare workers) |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Flag_of_Maine.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png) [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maine \"Maine\") |   | Yes[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54) |   |   | No |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Flag_of_Washington.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png) [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_\$state\$ \"Washington (state)\") | Yes[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55) | Yes | Yes[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png) [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii \"Hawaii\") | Yes |   |   |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Flag_of_Delaware.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png) [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delaware \"Delaware\") | Yes[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-57) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png) [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota \"Minnesota\") | Yes[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png) [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\") | Yes (if involved in healthcare settings)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Flag_of_Oregon.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png) [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon \"Oregon\") | Yes (in October, for executive branch employees)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60) | Yes[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | Yes[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Flag_of_New_York.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png) [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_\$state\$ \"New York (state)\") | Yes (by September 6)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62) | Yes[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Flag_of_Illinois.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png) [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illinois \"Illinois\") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64) |   | Yes[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png) [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Mexico \"New Mexico\") | Yes[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/Flag_of_Vermont.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png) [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vermont \"Vermont\") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a0\/Flag_of_Maryland.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png) [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maryland \"Maryland\") | Partial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68) | Yes[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png) [District of Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\") | Yes[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70) | Yes (by September 30)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Flag_of_Guam.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png) [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam \"Guam\") | Partial (for executive branch workers)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/28\/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png) [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico \"Puerto Rico\") | Yes[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73) | Yes | Yes[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74) | Yes | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/96\/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png) [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Connecticut \"Connecticut\") | Yes[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76) | Yes |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png) [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhode_Island \"Rhode Island\") |   | Yes[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png) [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\") | Yes[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Flag_of_Colorado.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png) [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado \"Colorado\") |   | Yes[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png) [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Jersey \"New Jersey\") | Yes[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81) | Partial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82) | Yes |   | Yes |\n### County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers\n| City or county | State | City\/county government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [Tucson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tucson \"Tucson\") | Arizona | Yes[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston \"Boston\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Los Angeles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\") | California | Yes[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") | New York | Yes[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86) |   | Yes[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87) |   | Yes |\n| [San Diego](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Diego \"San Diego\") | California | Yes[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Jackson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jackson,_Mississippi \"Jackson, Mississippi\") | Mississippi | Yes[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Newark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newark,_New_Jersey \"Newark, New Jersey\") | New Jersey | Yes[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Hoboken](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoboken,_New_Jersey \"Hoboken, New Jersey\") | New Jersey | Yes[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Richmond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond,_Virginia \"Richmond, Virginia\") | Virginia | Yes[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Denver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denver \"Denver\") | Colorado | Yes[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Pasadena](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasadena,_California \"Pasadena, California\") | California | Yes[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New Bedford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts \"New Bedford, Massachusetts\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [San Jose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Jose,_California \"San Jose, California\") | California | Yes[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\") | Louisiana | Yes[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-97) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [San Francisco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") | California | Yes[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Aquinnah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts \"Aquinnah, Massachusetts\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") | Pennsylvania | Yes[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portland,_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") | Oregon | Yes (by September 10)[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Seattle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle \"Seattle\") | Washington | Yes[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) |   |   |   |   |\n| [King County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_County,_Washington \"King County, Washington\") | Washington | Yes[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Providence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Providence,_Rhode_Island \"Providence, Rhode Island\") | Rhode Island | Yes[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) |   |   |   |   |\n| [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\") | Missouri | Yes[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Sacramento](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacramento,_California \"Sacramento, California\") | California | Yes[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-105) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago \"Chicago\") | Illinois | Yes[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) |   |   |   |   |\n## Mandates for entry to private facilities\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg\/500px-CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)\n\nA COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC.\n\nVaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees,[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:32-107) and California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its *Blueprint for a Safer Economy* framework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108)\n\nWith the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome [vaccine hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_hesitancy \"Vaccine hesitancy\"), several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues;[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n\n- On August 3, 2021, Mayor of [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") [Bill de Blasio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_de_Blasio \"Bill de Blasio\") announced that a vaccine mandate known as *Key to NYC Pass* would take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111) Ahead of the announcement, [The Broadway League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Broadway_League \"The Broadway League\"), [Carnegie Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnegie_Hall \"Carnegie Hall\"), and the [Metropolitan Opera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Opera \"Metropolitan Opera\") had announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)\n- [San Francisco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") announced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)\n- [New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\") also announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n- On September 10, 2021, [West Hollywood, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Hollywood,_California \"West Hollywood, California\") announced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated.[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112)\n- On September 14, 2021, [Contra Costa County, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contra_Costa_County,_California \"Contra Costa County, California\") announced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19.[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113)\n- On September 15, 2021, the [Los Angeles County Department of Public Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Public_Health \"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health\") (LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114)\n  - On August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose.[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:15-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116) On October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8;[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117) it is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118)\n- On December 13, 2021, the [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted.[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119)\n- On December 21, 2021, the [Chicago Department of Public Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Department_of_Public_Health \"Chicago Department of Public Health\") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order.[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2-120)[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_guidance-121)[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_BlockClubChicago-122)[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_WBEZ-123)\n- On December 23, 2021, the [Cook County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cook_County,_Illinois \"Cook County, Illinois\") Department of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township).[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11-124)[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_guidance-125)[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_Suntimes-126) However, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_refusal_Tribune-127)\n- On December 23, 2021, Mayor of [Newark, New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newark,_New_Jersey \"Newark, New Jersey\") [Ras J. Baraka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ras_Baraka \"Ras Baraka\") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129)\n- On December 23, 2021, [Skokie, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skokie,_Illinois \"Skokie, Illinois\") issued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order-130)[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_guidance-131)[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_news_Tribune-132)\n- On December 28, 2021, [Oak Park, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oak_Park,_Illinois \"Oak Park, Illinois\") issued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order-133)[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_guidance-134)[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order_news_Tribune-135)\n- On December 29, 2021, [Highland Park, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Highland_Park,_Illinois \"Highland Park, Illinois\") issued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order-136)[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_guidance-137)[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_news_Tribune-138)\n- On December 30, 2021, [Evanston, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evanston,_Illinois \"Evanston, Illinois\") issued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order-139)[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_guidance-140)[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_news_Northwestern-141)\n- On January 12, 2022, the mayors of [Minneapolis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minneapolis \"Minneapolis\") and [St. Paul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota \"Saint Paul, Minnesota\") announced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26.[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-143)\n## Political views\nAs with [mask mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") support and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-144) Concern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal.[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145) Media has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Restrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism'[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147)\n\nAs of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Alabama,[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148) Florida,[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:102-149) Iowa,[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) Montana,[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and Texas[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152) also prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of \\$5,000 per-instance,[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153) the Montana order terming it as a prohibition of \"[discrimination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discrimination \"Discrimination\")\" on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools),[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the [Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission \"Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission\"), which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law).[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) Texas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative [COVID-19 test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_test \"COVID-19 test\") is prohibited.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) The Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) There have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156)\n\nSome politicians such as [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene \"Marjorie Taylor Greene\") have claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act \"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\") (HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157) The Privacy Rule only applies to specific \"[protected health information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protected_health_information \"Protected health information\")\" being stored by a \"covered entity\" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals.[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160)\n\nIn February 2023, Idaho state senator [Tammy Nichols](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tammy_Nichols \"Tammy Nichols\") introduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-161)\n\n## Legal challenges\nSeveral states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) and allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163) A sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual \"who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement\" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164)\n\nThe following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming.[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165)[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162)\n\nThe following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166)\n\nOn January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said \"State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges.\"[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167) \"The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed,\" the Attorney General's office said. \"But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court.\" In his guidance, Miyares writes that \"Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance.\"[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-168) Within a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students.[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-169)\n\nOn February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-170) This lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed.[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-171)\n\nOn May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of [Houston Methodist Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston_Methodist_Hospital \"Houston Methodist Hospital\"), who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate.[\\[171\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-172) The lawsuit was dismissed by district judge [Lynn Hughes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynn_Hughes \"Lynn Hughes\") roughly a couple weeks later.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25) An appeal was filed following the ruling.[\\[172\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-173)\n\nIn July 2021, [Norwegian Cruise Line](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Cruise_Line \"Norwegian Cruise Line\") sued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses.[\\[173\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-174) In August district judge [Kathleen M. Williams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kathleen_M._Williams \"Kathleen M. Williams\") issued a [preliminary injunction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preliminary_injunction \"Preliminary injunction\") in favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to \"provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate\" and that \"documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail.\"[\\[174\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-175)[\\[175\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-176)\n\nA vaccine mandate being enforced by [Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indiana_University \"Indiana University\") requiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University \"Klaassen v. Indiana University\")* that risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the [14th Amendment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution \"Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"). District judge [Damon R. Leichty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damon_R._Leichty \"Damon R. Leichty\") rejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to \"a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff\", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that \"the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the [Tuskegee Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study \"Tuskegee Syphilis Study\").\"[\\[176\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-177) The [7th Circuit Court of Appeals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals \"7th Circuit Court of Appeals\"), in an opinion by judge [Frank Easterbrook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Easterbrook \"Frank Easterbrook\"), upheld the ruling, [citing case law dating back](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobson_v._Massachusetts \"Jacobson v. Massachusetts\") to [smallpox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox \"Smallpox\") in 1905.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\\[177\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)\n\nOn August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice [Amy Coney Barrett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Coney_Barrett \"Amy Coney Barrett\"), who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\\[177\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)[\\[178\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-179)\n\nIn September 2021, the anti-vaccine group [America's Frontline Doctors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors \"America's Frontline Doctors\") (AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against [African Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the [Tuskegee Syphilis Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study \"Tuskegee Syphilis Study\").[\\[179\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-180)\n\nIn December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.[\\[180\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-forbes-181) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction.[\\[181\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-182)\n\n## Notes\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-165)** Five states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination.\n## References\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-US-map_1-0)** [COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). By [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\"). Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-CDC-vax-map_2-0)** [CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: \"Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State\/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population\". Hover or click on locations for more data.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Mayo-map_3-0)** [U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/vaccine-tracker). From the [Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayo_Clinic \"Mayo Clinic\"). Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. Click on the \"data sources\" link in the first paragraph to see that the data is from the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\").\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4)**\n   Rodger, Daniel; Blackshaw, Bruce P. (January 2, 2022). [\"COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers\"](http:\/\/pure-oai.bham.ac.uk\/ws\/files\/171191940\/COVID_19_Vaccination_Should_not_be_Mandatory_for_Health_and_Social_Care_Workers.pdf) (PDF). *The New Bioethics*. **28** (1): 27–39\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1080\/20502877.2022.2025651](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F20502877.2022.2025651). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\$identifier\$ \"PMID (identifier)\") [35049419](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35049419). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [245827007](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:245827007).\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"Joe Biden: Covid vaccination in US will not be mandatory\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-55193939). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. December 5, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2021.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56657194). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. April 6, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-2)\n   Rowland, Geoffrey (July 29, 2021). [\"Biden tells federal workers: Get vaccinated or submit to testing\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/administration\/565518-biden-asks-federal-employees-to-get-vaccinated-or-submit-to-testing). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. Retrieved July 29, 2021.\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-2)\n   Swanson, Ian (July 27, 2021). [\"Vaccine mandate calls fueled by COVID-19's latest spike\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/564924-vaccine-mandate-calls-fueled-by-covid-19s-latest-spike). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. Retrieved July 27, 2021.\n9. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:24_9-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:24_9-1)\n   Bitker, Janelle (August 12, 2021). [\"Bay Area restaurateurs feared backlash for requiring vaccinations. In reality, it's been totally fine\"](https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/food\/restaurants\/article\/Bay-Area-restaurateurs-feared-backlash-for-16382565.php). *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"San Francisco Chronicle\")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:25_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:25_10-1)\n    McPhee, Ryan (July 30, 2021). [\"Broadway Will Require COVID Vaccines for Audiences\"](http:\/\/www.playbill.com\/article\/broadway-will-require-covid-vaccines-for-audiences). *Playbill*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210730141747\/https:\/\/www.playbill.com\/article\/broadway-will-require-covid-vaccines-for-audiences) from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:26_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:26_11-1)\n    Willman, Chris (August 19, 2021). [\"For Those About to Vax: Why Vaccination Proof Is Suddenly Becoming a New Standard for Concert Entry\"](https:\/\/variety.com\/2021\/music\/news\/concerts-vaccination-requirements-aeg-live-nation-jason-isbell-1235044211\/). *Variety*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210819175043\/https:\/\/variety.com\/2021\/music\/news\/concerts-vaccination-requirements-aeg-live-nation-jason-isbell-1235044211\/) from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-2)\n    Thadani, Trisha (August 12, 2021). [\"San Francisco to become first major U.S. city to mandate full vaccination for many indoor activities\"](https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/bayarea\/article\/San-Francisco-to-become-second-U-S-city-to-16382500.php). *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"San Francisco Chronicle\")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n13. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-2)\n    Benveniste, Alexis (August 3, 2021). [\"New York City will require vaccines for entry to restaurants and gyms\"](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/03\/business\/new-york-city-vaccine-requirements\/index.html). *[CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210803163022\/https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/03\/business\/new-york-city-vaccine-requirements\/index.html) from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n14. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-2)\n    Ben, Myers (August 12, 2021). [\"New Orleans to require COVID vaccines or negative tests for bars, Superdome, other venues\"](https:\/\/www.nola.com\/news\/coronavirus\/article_20a8445c-fb7b-11eb-bbf1-1fa3b35d5990.html). *NOLA.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210812181019\/https:\/\/www.nola.com\/news\/coronavirus\/article_20a8445c-fb7b-11eb-bbf1-1fa3b35d5990.html) from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:13_15-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:13_15-1)\n    Mole, Beth (July 26, 2021). [\"COVID surge in unvaccinated is pushing US to more mandates, masks, mitigation\"](https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2021\/07\/covid-surge-in-unvaccinated-is-pushing-us-to-more-mandates-masks-mitigation\/). *Ars Technica*. 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Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n17. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-nytimes2_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-nytimes2_17-1)\n    Hirsch, Lauren (June 1, 2021). [\"E.E.O.C. Says Companies Can Mandate Vaccines, but Few Push Ahead\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/06\/01\/business\/workplace-vaccine-requirements.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-usa_18-0)**\n    Funke, Daniel. [\"Fact check: Federal law does not prevent states, businesses, employers from requiring COVID-19 vaccines\"](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/factcheck\/2021\/05\/25\/fact-check-federal-law-doesnt-prohibit-covid-19-vaccine-mandates\/5062104001\/). *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-19)**\n    Musumeci, Marybeth; Kates, Jennifer (April 7, 2021). [\"Key Questions About COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates\"](https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/issue-brief\/key-questions-about-covid-19-vaccine-mandates\/). *KFF*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-20)**\n    Megan, Cerullo (June 2, 2021). [\"Companies can mandate COVID-19 vaccine, incentivize workers to get shot, EEOC says\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/covid-vaccine-employers-require-eeoc-2021-06-02\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-21)**\n    Ebbs, Stephanie (May 28, 2021). [\"What to know if your employer requires vaccinations: federal legal protections\"](https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/employer-requires-vaccinations-federal-legal-protections\/story?id=77966575). *[ABC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_\$United_States\$ \"ABC News (United States)\")*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:29_22-0)**\n    Swanson, Ian (August 23, 2021). [\"Pentagon to mandate COVID-19 vaccine for military\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/defense\/568996-pentagon-to-mandate-covid-19-vaccine-for-military). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. Retrieved August 24, 2021.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:28_23-0)**\n    Shivaram, Deepa (August 24, 2021). [\"Why Pfizer's FDA Approval Matters And What It Means For Vaccine Mandates\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/coronavirus-live-updates\/2021\/08\/24\/1030267314\/pfizer-vaccine-covid-fda-approval-kids-faq-mandate). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. Retrieved August 24, 2021.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-24)**\n    Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Karaian, Jason; Kessler, Sarah; Gandel, Stephen; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat; Schaverien, Anna (August 24, 2021). 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Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-26)**\n    Diamond, Dan. [\"Most employers shy away from mandating coronavirus vaccines\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/health\/2021\/05\/21\/employers-colleges-vaccine-mandates\/). *[The Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:3_27-0)**\n    [\"Here are the companies mandating vaccines for all or some employees\"](https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/business-news\/here-are-companies-mandating-vaccines-all-or-some-employees-n1275808). *[NBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_News \"NBC News\")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"IDs Aren't The Only Fake Documents College Students Want — Now It's Vaccine Cards Too\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/08\/12\/1027198465\/ids-aren-t-the-only-fake-documents-college-students-want-now-its-vaccine-cards). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. Retrieved August 14, 2021.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-29)**\n    Beaton, Andrew (August 13, 2021). [\"The NFL's Unofficial Vaccine Mandate\"](https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/nfl-vaccine-mandate-covid-players-coaches-11627206268). *[The Wall Street Journal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wall_Street_Journal \"The Wall Street Journal\")*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0099-9660](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0099-9660). 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Here's what to know\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/courts_law\/supreme-court-biden-vaccine-mandate\/2022\/01\/05\/ad579632-6e44-11ec-aaa8-35d1865a6977_story.html). *[The Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*. Retrieved January 5, 2022.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-43)**\n    Weixel, Nathaniel; Kruzel, John (January 13, 2022). [\"Supreme Court blocks Biden's vaccine-or-test mandate for employers\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/589633-supreme-court-blocks-bidens-vaccine-or-test-mandate-for-employers). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. 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Baker orders vaccine mandate for Massachusetts executive department workers\"](https:\/\/www.axios.com\/massachusetts-vaccine-mandate-state-employees-5d6296d0-1ca9-4c5a-84bb-19f7a9621b17.html). *[Axios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axios_\$website\$ \"Axios (website)\")*. Retrieved August 26, 2021.\n79. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-79)**\n    Wiexel, Nathaniel (August 4, 2021). [\"Massachusetts to require COVID-19 vaccine for all nursing home staff\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/state-watch\/566368-massachusetts-to-require-covid-vaccine-for-all-nursing-home-staff). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. 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That's not how any of this works, Marjorie Taylor Greene\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2021\/07\/21\/thats-not-how-any-this-works-marjorie-taylor-greene\/). *[The Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0190-8286](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0190-8286). Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n161. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-161)**\n     CBS 2 News staff (February 16, 2023). [\"Bill proposed that makes giving an MRNA vaccine a misdemeanor\"](https:\/\/idahonews.com\/news\/local\/bill-proposed-that-makes-giving-an-mrna-vaccine-a-misdemeanor). *KBOI*. 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Retrieved August 10, 2021.\n175. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-176)**\n     [\"Federal judge sides with Norwegian Cruise Line in fight with Florida over vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.politico.com\/states\/florida\/story\/2021\/08\/08\/federal-judge-sides-with-norwegian-cruise-line-in-fight-with-florida-over-vaccine-passports-1389732). *[Politico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politico \"Politico\") PRO*. August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.\n176. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-177)**\n     Lombardo, Clare (July 19, 2021). [\"Indiana University's Vaccine Requirement Should Stand, Federal Judge Rules\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/07\/19\/1018010489\/indiana-universitys-vaccine-requirement-should-stand-federal-judge-rules). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n177. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:23_178-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:23_178-1)\n     de Vogue, Ariane (August 12, 2021). [\"Justice Amy Coney Barrett denies request to block Indiana University's vaccine mandate \\| CNN Politics\"](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/12\/politics\/supreme-court-indiana-university-vaccine-mandate\/index.html). *[CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210812230657\/https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/12\/politics\/supreme-court-indiana-university-vaccine-mandate\/index.html) from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n178. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-179)**\n     McCann, Michael (August 16, 2021). [\"Justice Barrett Vaccine Ruling Likely to Apply to College Sports\"](https:\/\/www.sportico.com\/law\/analysis\/2021\/justice-barrett-vaccine-ruling-ncaa-1234637061\/). *Sportico.com*. Retrieved August 16, 2021.\n179. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-180)**\n     Mencimer, Stephanie. [\"Pro-Trump doctors invoke civil rights in bid to overturn New York's vaccine mandate\"](https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2021\/09\/simone-gold-new-york-vaccine-lawsuit\/). *[Mother Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mother_Jones_\$magazine\$ \"Mother Jones (magazine)\")*. Retrieved January 3, 2022.\n180. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-forbes_181-0)**\n     Durkee, Alison. [\"Appeals Court Refuses To Put Biden's Vaccine Mandate For Healthcare Workers Back Into Effect\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/alisondurkee\/2021\/12\/13\/appeals-court-refuses-to-put-bidens-vaccine-mandate-for-healthcare-workers-back-into-effect\/). Retrieved December 14, 2021.\n181. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-182)**\n     [\"US Supreme Court blocks Biden's workplace vaccine mandate\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-59989476). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19 pandemic\")[COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\")** (disease) **[SARS-CoV-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2 \"SARS-CoV-2\")** (virus) |   |\n| [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Pre-pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS \"SARS\") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MERS \"MERS\") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimson_Contagion \"Crimson Contagion\") [Disease X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disease_X \"Disease X\") [Exercise Cygnus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exercise_Cygnus \"Exercise Cygnus\") [2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") |\n| 2020 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") |\n| 2021 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") |\n| 2022 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022\") |\n| 2023 | [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023\") |\n| [Locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")([national responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Northern | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Libya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Libya\") [Mauritania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco\") [Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia\") [Western Sahara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara\") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\") |\n| Eastern | [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti\") [Eritrea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea\") [Ethiopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia\") [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya\") [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar\") [Mauritius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Rwanda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda\") [Seychelles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles \"COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles\") [Somalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia\") [Puntland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland\") [Somaliland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland\") [South Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan\") [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania\") [Uganda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda\") |\n| Southern | [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola \"COVID-19 pandemic in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho\") [Malawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique\") [Namibia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa\") [list of deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa \"List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa\") [Zambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Central | [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon\") [Central African Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chad\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo\") [Gabon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon\") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe\") |\n| Western | [Benin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Benin\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea\") [Gambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana\") timeline 2020 [March–July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$March%E2%80%93July_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)\") [August–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$August%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") impact [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea\") [Guinea-Bissau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau\") [Ivory Coast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast\") [Liberia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia\") [Mali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mali\") [Niger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niger\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal\") [Sierra Leone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone\") [Togo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Togo\") |\n| [Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Central\/North | [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") impact [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan\") [Turkmenistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan\") |\n| East |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [Tokyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo\") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics\") [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Macau\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan\") [respirator diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") |   |\n| [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") | [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China \"COVID-19 lockdown in China\") [detail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing \"COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing\") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics\") [Heilongjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang\") [Henan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Henan\") [Hubei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei\") [Inner Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia\") [Liaoning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning\") [Shanghai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai \"COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai\") [2022 outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak \"2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak\") [Sichuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan\") [Tibet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet\") [Xinjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang\") |\n| [South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan\") [Maldives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka\") |   |\n| [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in India\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India \"COVID-19 lockdown in India\") [migrant workers' crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") timeline 2020 [January–May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$January%E2%80%93May_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)\") [June–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$June%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)\") [union government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") [state government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Vaccine Maitri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Maitri \"Vaccine Maitri\") |   |\n| By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands\") [Andhra Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh\") [Arunachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh\") [Assam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Assam\") [Bihar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar\") [Chandigarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh\") [Chhattisgarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh\") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu\") [Delhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi\") [Goa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Goa\") [Gujarat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat\") [Haryana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana\") [Himachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh\") [Jammu and Kashmir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir\") [Jharkhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand\") [Karnataka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka\") [Kerala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [Ladakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh\") [Lakshadweep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep\") [Madhya Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh\") [Maharashtra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra\") [Manipur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur\") [Meghalaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya\") [Mizoram](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram\") [Nagaland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland\") [Odisha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha\") [Puducherry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry\") [Punjab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India\") [Rajasthan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan\") [Sikkim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim\") [Tamil Nadu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu\") [Telangana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana\") [Tripura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura\") [Uttar Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh\") [Uttarakhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand\") [West Bengal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal\") |\n| [Southeast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia\") timeline [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)\") [social restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions \"Indonesia large-scale social restrictions\") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement \"Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos \"COVID-19 pandemic in Laos\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)\") [circuit breaker response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures \"2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste \"COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") | impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Aid and relief efforts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [movement control order](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_movement_control_order \"Malaysian movement control order\") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [Johor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Johor\") [Kuala Lumpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur\") [Sabah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah\") [Sarawak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak\") [Selangor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor\") |\n| [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [community quarantines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines\") [Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon \"Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon\") [evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Bangsamoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro\") [Bicol Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region\") [Cagayan Valley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley\") [Calabarzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon\") [Caraga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga\") [Central Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon\") [Central Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas\") [Cordillera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region\") [Davao Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region\") [Eastern Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas\") [Ilocos Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region\") [Metro Manila](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila \"COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila\") [Mimaropa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa\") [Northern Mindanao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao\") [Soccsksargen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen\") [Western Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas\") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula\") [Overseas Filipinos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| West | [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\$country\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)\") [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia\") [South Ossetia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iran\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq\") [Kurdistan Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel \"COVID-19 pandemic in Israel\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan\") [Kuwait](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oman\") [Palestine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine \"COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine\") [Qatar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Syria\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates\") [Yemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen\") |\n| [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Europe\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)\") [January–June 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)\") [July–December 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)\") [January–June 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)\") [July–December 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") [Operation Rescript](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Rescript \"Operation Rescript\") [contracts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom\") impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n| By location | [England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England \"COVID-19 pandemic in England\") timeline 2020 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London \"COVID-19 pandemic in London\") [local lockdown regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England \"COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England\") [first tier regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England \"First COVID-19 tier regulations in England\") [Northern Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)\") [Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)\") [Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wales\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [Crown Dependencies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies\") [Isle of Man](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man\") [Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey\") [Guernsey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey\") [Overseas territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia\") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory\") [Gibraltar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar\") |\n| Eastern | [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova\") [Gagauzia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia\") [Transnistria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") [government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine\") [Crimea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea\") [Sevastopol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol\") |\n| Western Balkans | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Kosovo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo\") [Montenegro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro\") [North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") |\n| [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Austria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austria\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Czech Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark\") [Faroe Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands\") [Estonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia\") [Finland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Finland\") [Åland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land \"COVID-19 pandemic in Åland\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France \"COVID-19 pandemic in France\") [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Normandy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany \"COVID-19 pandemic in Germany\") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy \"COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Latvia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia\") [Lithuania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania\") [Luxembourg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg \"COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg\") [Malta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malta\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Poland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Poland\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [Slovakia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia\") [Slovenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [Asturias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Community of Madrid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Operation Gloria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Gloria \"Operation Gloria\") |\n| EFTA countries | [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland\") [Liechtenstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norway\") [Svalbard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard \"COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland\") |\n| Microstates | [Andorra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra\") [Monaco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco\") [San Marino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino \"COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino\") [Vatican City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City\") |\n| [North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in North America\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Atlantic | [Bermuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland\") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon\") |\n| Canada | [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [federal aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [military response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Laser \"Operation Laser\") [Atlantic Bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Bubble \"Atlantic Bubble\") [Alberta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [British Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia\") [Manitoba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba\") [New Brunswick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick\") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador\") [Northwest Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories\") [Nova Scotia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia\") [Nunavut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)\") [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa\") [Peel Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel\") [Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto \"COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto\") [York Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York\") [Provincial government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") [Vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Prince Edward Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec\") [Montreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal\") [boroughs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saskatchewan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [Yukon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon\") |\n| Caribbean |   |\n|   |   |\n| Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda\") [Bahamas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas\") [Barbados](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados \"COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba\") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base\") [Dominica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic\") [Grenada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti\") [Jamaica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica\") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis\") [Saint Lucia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia\") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\") [Trinidad and Tobago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") |\n| [British Overseas Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") | [Anguilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla\") [British Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands\") [Cayman Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands\") [Montserrat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat\") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") |\n|   |   |\n| [Aruba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba\") [Curaçao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao\") [Sint Maarten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten\") |   |\n| Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire\") [Saba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saba\") [Sint Eustatius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius\") |\n| French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Saint Barthélemy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") |\n| US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") |\n| Central America | [Belize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belize\") [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica\") [El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador \"COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador\") [Guatemala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala\") [Honduras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras \"COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Panama\") |\n| [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Trump administration communication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [2021 hospital crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 \"2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19\") |   |\n| [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [federal government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [state and local governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [California government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [New York government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Texas government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council \"Eastern States Multi-state Council\") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact \"Midwest Governors Regional Pact\") [Western States Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_States_Pact \"Western States Pact\") |\n| By location | [Alabama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama\") [Alaska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska\") [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Arizona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona\") [Navajo Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation\") [Arkansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas\") [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [S.F. Bay Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area\") [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado\") [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut\") [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware\") [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida \"COVID-19 pandemic in Florida\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\$U.S._state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Idaho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho\") [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois \"COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois\") [Indiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana\") [Iowa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa\") [Kansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas\") [Kentucky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky\") [Louisiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana\") [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maine\") [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [Michigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan\") [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota \"COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota\") [Mississippi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi\") [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri \"COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri\") [Montana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montana\") [Nebraska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska\") [Nevada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [New Hampshire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire\") [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey\") [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico\") [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)\") [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina\") [North Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Ohio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio\") [Columbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio\") [Oklahoma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma\") [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon\") [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon\") [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania\") [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island\") [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina\") [South Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota\") [Tennessee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [Austin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") [Utah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Utah\") [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont\") [Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia\") [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)\") [Washington, D.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.\") [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak \"White House COVID-19 outbreak\") [West Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia\") [Wisconsin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin\") [Wyoming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming\") |\n| [Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Cook Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Federated States of Micronesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji\") [French Polynesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Kiribati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati\") [Marshall Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands\") [Nauru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru\") [New Caledonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia\") [Niue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niue\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Palau\") [Papua New Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea\") [Bougainville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville\") [Pitcairn Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands\") [Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa\") [Solomon Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands\") [Tokelau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau\") [Tonga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga\") [Tuvalu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu\") [Vanuatu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu\") [Wallis and Futuna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna\") |   |\n| [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Australia\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)\") 2021 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)\") [Australian Capital Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory\") [Christmas Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island\") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\$Keeling\$_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands\") [New South Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales\") [Norfolk Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island\") [Northern Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory\") [Queensland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland\") [South Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia\") [Tasmania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania\") [Victoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria\") [Western Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia\") |\n| [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Alert levels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand\") [Traffic light system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Protection_Framework \"COVID-19 Protection Framework\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [managed isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand\") |\n| [South America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in South America\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Bolivia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [São Paulo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [Ecuador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador\") [Falkland Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [Cusco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco\") [Suriname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname \"COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay\") [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela \"COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela\") |\n| Others | [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica\") [Cruise ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships\") [*Diamond Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess\") [*Grand Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess\") [Naval ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships\") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle \"COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle\") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt \"COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt\") |\n| [Impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Culture and  entertainment |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Arts and cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage\") | [References in popular culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture \"COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture\") [Cinema](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema\") [films affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Corona-chan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-chan \"Corona-chan\") [Disney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company\") [Fashion industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry\") [Music industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry\") [Performing arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts\") [Television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States\") [U.S. sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting\") [programs affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Video games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry\") |\n| [Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Female education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education\") [Homeschooling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") [exam grading controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy \"2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States\") |\n| [Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Bio-secure bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bio-secure_bubble \"Bio-secure bubble\") |   |\n| By country | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports\") |\n| By sport | [Association football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football\") [Baseball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball\") [Basketball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball\") [NBA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season \"Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season\") [Combat sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports\") [Cricket](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket\") [Disc golf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf\") [Gaelic games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games\") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football\") [Ice hockey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey\") [Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport\") [Rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league\") |\n| Society  and rights |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Social media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media\") [Stigma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 \"Social stigma associated with COVID-19\") [Children](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children\") [foster care in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States\") [Pandemic baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_baking \"Pandemic baking\") |\n| Labor | [Healthcare workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers\") [Indian migrant workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Great Resignation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Resignation \"Great Resignation\") [Strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"2021 Myanmar coup d'état\") |\n| Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States\") [Crime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime\") [Domestic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence\") [Prisons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons\") [U.S. immigration detention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention \"COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention\") |\n| Minority | [Gender](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [LGBT community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community\") [African communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities\") [Indian migrant workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers\") [Disability community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities\") [Native American communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities\") [Xenophobia and racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion\") | [Catholic Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church\") [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj\") |\n| [Economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Charitable activity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [COVID-19 scams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_scams \"COVID-19 scams\") [Travel restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment \"COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [U.K.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |\n| By industry | [Aviation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport\") [Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Cannabis industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry\") [Food industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry\") [meat industry in Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada\") [meat industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States\") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States\") [Hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals\") [ICU capacity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity\") [Long-term care facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities\") [Mink farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Public transport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport\") [Retail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism\") |\n| Supply and trade | [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Chip supply](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage \"2020–2023 global chip shortage\") [Energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis \"2021–2023 global energy crisis\") [Global supply chain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis \"2021–2023 global supply chain crisis\") [Oil price war](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war \"2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war\") [Food security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Financial markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Global stock market crash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_stock_market_crash \"2020 stock market crash\") [COVID-19 recession](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_recession \"COVID-19 recession\") [Inflation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge \"2021–2022 inflation surge\") |\n| Information |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Journalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism\") [Media coverage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Wikipedia's response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation \"COVID-19 misinformation\") | [Governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments \"COVID-19 misinformation by governments\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China \"COVID-19 misinformation by China\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States \"COVID-19 misinformation by the United States\") By country [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada \"COVID-19 misinformation in Canada\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines\") [Ivermectin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic\") *[Plandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plandemic \"Plandemic\")* |\n| [Politics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Legislation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation \"List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation\") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 \"List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19\") [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") |\n| [Protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Abkhazia_unrest \"2021 Abkhazia unrest\") [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/17A \"17A\") [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia \"COVID-19 protests in Australia\") [Convoy to Canberra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convoy_to_Canberra \"Convoy to Canberra\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Azerbaijani_protests \"2020 Azerbaijani protests\") [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests \"2020–2021 Belarusian protests\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Brussels_protests \"2022 Brussels protests\") [2020 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Brazilian_protests \"2020 Brazilian protests\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Brazilian_protests \"2021 Brazilian protests\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests \"2020–2021 Bulgarian protests\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada \"COVID-19 protests in Canada\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada_convoy_protest \"Canada convoy protest\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests \"2019–2022 Chilean protests\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China \"2022 COVID-19 protests in China\") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest \"2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest\") [healthcare reform protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests \"2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Colombian_protests \"2021 Colombian protests\") [2022 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Colombian_protests \"2022 Colombian protests\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Cuban_protests \"2021 Cuban protests\") [Yellow vests protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_vests_protests \"Yellow vests protests\") [labor protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_French_labor_protests \"2021 French labor protests\") [French West Indies social unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies \"2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France_convoy_protest \"France convoy protest\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany \"COVID-19 protests in Germany\") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting \"2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Greek_protests \"2021 Greek protests\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel \"COVID-19 protests in Israel\") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu \"2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy \"Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Mongolian_protests \"2021 Mongolian protests\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands\") [curfew riots](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots \"2021 Dutch curfew riots\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 protests in New Zealand\") [Wellington protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Wellington_protest \"2022 Wellington protest\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Paraguayan_protests \"2021 Paraguayan protests\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests \"2020–2022 Serbian protests\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Tunisian_protests \"2021 Tunisian protests\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 protests in the United States\") [Open the States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_the_States \"Open the States\") |\n| [International relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations\") | [Aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") [Vaccine diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_diplomacy \"Vaccine diplomacy\") |\n| [Language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Anthropause](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthropause \"Anthropause\") [Doomscrolling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doomscrolling \"Doomscrolling\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Green recovery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_recovery \"Green recovery\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing \"Social distancing\") [Superspreader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superspreading_event \"Superspreading event\") [Twindemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twindemic \"Twindemic\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") [Zoom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Zoom (software)\") [Zoom towns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_town \"Zoom town\") |\n| Others | [Animals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals \"COVID-19 pandemic and animals\") [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Environment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment\") [Military](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military\") [Pregnant women](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women\") [Science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\") |\n| Health issues |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical topics | [Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transmission_of_COVID-19 \"Transmission of COVID-19\") [Symptoms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 \"Symptoms of COVID-19\") [Cancer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_and_cancer \"COVID-19 and cancer\") [Endemic COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endemic_COVID-19 \"Endemic COVID-19\") [Skin manifestations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 \"Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Mental health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes\") [Pregnancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_in_pregnancy \"COVID-19 in pregnancy\") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues\") [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Rehabilitation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 \"Rehabilitation after COVID-19\") [Unproven medical methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 \"List of unproven methods against COVID-19\") |\n| Testing and epidemiology |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Datasets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_datasets \"COVID-19 datasets\") [Death rates by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country \"COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country\") [Disease testing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing \"COVID-19 testing\") [Breathalyzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_breathalyzer \"Coronavirus breathalyzer\") [Operation Moonshot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Moonshot \"Operation Moonshot\") [Test to Release](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test_to_Release \"Test to Release\") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium \"UK Rapid Test Consortium\") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test \"AbC-19 rapid antibody test\") [investigations into the origins](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 \"Investigations into the origin of COVID-19\") [lab leak theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory \"COVID-19 lab leak theory\") [Rapid antigen test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test \"COVID-19 rapid antigen test\") [Software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation \"Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation\") [Surveillance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_surveillance \"COVID-19 surveillance\") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country \"Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country\") |   |\n| [Apps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_apps \"COVID-19 apps\") | [Aarogya Setu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aarogya_Setu \"Aarogya Setu\") [BlueTrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlueTrace \"BlueTrace\") [careFIJI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CareFIJI \"CareFIJI\") [Coronavirus Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Australia \"Coronavirus Australia\") [Corona-Warn-App](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-Warn-App \"Corona-Warn-App\") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application \"COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application\") [COVID Alert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Alert \"COVID Alert\") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIDSafe \"COVIDSafe\") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Tracker_Ireland \"COVID Tracker Ireland\") [Covid Watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covid_Watch \"Covid Watch\") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing \"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing\") [Exposure Notification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exposure_Notification \"Exposure Notification\") [Health Code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Code \"Health Code\") [Healthy Together](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Healthy_Together \"Healthy Together\") [Immuni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immuni \"Immuni\") [Koronavilkku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koronavilkku \"Koronavilkku\") [LeaveHomeSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LeaveHomeSafe \"LeaveHomeSafe\") [MySejahtera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MySejahtera \"MySejahtera\") [NHS COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_COVID-19 \"NHS COVID-19\") [NZ COVID Tracer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_COVID_Tracer \"NZ COVID Tracer\") [NZ Pass Verifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_Pass_Verifier \"NZ Pass Verifier\") [PathCheck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PathCheck \"PathCheck\") [PeduliLindungi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PeduliLindungi \"PeduliLindungi\") [SafeEntry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafeEntry \"SafeEntry\") [SafePass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafePass \"SafePass\") [StaySafe.ph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/StaySafe.ph \"StaySafe.ph\") [SwissCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SwissCovid \"SwissCovid\") [TCN Protocol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TCN_Protocol \"TCN Protocol\") [Test, Trace, Protect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test,_Trace,_Protect \"Test, Trace, Protect\") [Thai Chana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai_Chana \"Thai Chana\") [TousAntiCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TousAntiCovid \"TousAntiCovid\") [TraceTogether](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TraceTogether \"TraceTogether\") [Valtrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valtrace \"Valtrace\") [Zoe Health Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoe_Health_Study \"Zoe Health Study\") |\n| Prevention | [Air purifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_purifier \"Air purifier\") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box \"Corsi–Rosenthal Box\")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Face masks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Anti-mask sentiment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-mask_sentiment \"Anti-mask sentiment\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Great Barrington Declaration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrington_Declaration \"Great Barrington Declaration\") [International aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") [Public health mitigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 \"Public health mitigation of COVID-19\") [Safe Hands Challenge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safe_Hands_Challenge \"Safe Hands Challenge\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Workplace hazard controls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 \"Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") |\n| [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Topics | [Authorizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations \"List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations\") [Clinical research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research \"COVID-19 vaccine clinical research\") [Deployment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") [Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development \"History of COVID-19 vaccine development\") [EU Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy \"COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy\") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 \"Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States\") [Operation Warp Speed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Warp_Speed \"Operation Warp Speed\") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination \"Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination\") [Vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") [Vaccine passports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| Authorized |   |\n|   |   |\n| [DNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DNA_vaccine \"DNA vaccine\") | [ZyCoV-D](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZyCoV-D \"ZyCoV-D\") |\n| [Inactivated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inactivated_vaccine \"Inactivated vaccine\") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine \"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine\") [CoronaVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoronaVac \"CoronaVac\") [Covaxin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covaxin \"Covaxin\") [COVIran Barekat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIran_Barekat \"COVIran Barekat\") [CoviVac (Russia)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoviVac_\$Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\$ \"CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)\") [FAKHRAVAC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FAKHRAVAC \"FAKHRAVAC\") [Minhai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine \"Minhai COVID-19 vaccine\") [QazCovid-in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QazCovid-in \"QazCovid-in\") [Sinopharm BIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sinopharm WIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Turkovac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkovac \"Turkovac\") [Valneva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine \"Valneva COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [mRNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA_vaccine \"MRNA vaccine\") | [Moderna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Moderna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Subunit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subunit_vaccine \"Subunit vaccine\") | [Abdala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdala_\$vaccine\$ \"Abdala (vaccine)\") [Corbevax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corbevax \"Corbevax\") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVAX-19 \"COVAX-19\") [EpiVacCorona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EpiVacCorona \"EpiVacCorona\") [IndoVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IndoVac \"IndoVac\") [MVC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine \"MVC COVID-19 vaccine\") [Noora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noora_\$vaccine\$ \"Noora (vaccine)\") [Novavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Novavax COVID-19 vaccine\") [Razi Cov Pars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Razi_Cov_Pars \"Razi Cov Pars\") [Sinopharm CNBG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine\") [Soberana 02](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_02 \"Soberana 02\") [Soberana Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_Plus \"Soberana Plus\") [ZF2001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") (Zifivax) |\n| [Viral vector](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viral_vector_vaccine \"Viral vector vaccine\") | [Convidecia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convidecia \"Convidecia\") [Janssen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine \"Janssen COVID-19 vaccine\") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine \"Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik Light](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_Light \"Sputnik Light\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [CoVLP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoVLP \"CoVLP\") |\n| In trials |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Attenuated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attenuated_vaccine \"Attenuated vaccine\") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVI-VAC_\$U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\$ \"COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)\") |\n| DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 \"AG0302-COVID‑19\") [GX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GX-19 \"GX-19\") [Inovio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Inovio COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Inactivated | [KD-414](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KD-414 \"KD-414\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") |\n| RNA | [ARCT-021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-021 \"ARCT-021\") [ARCT-154](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-154 \"ARCT-154\") [Bangavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangavax \"Bangavax\") [CureVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine \"CureVac COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [HGC019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HGC019 \"HGC019\") [mRNA-1283](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA-1283 \"MRNA-1283\") [PTX-COVID19-B](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PTX-COVID19-B \"PTX-COVID19-B\") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Walvax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Walvax COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Subunit | [202-CoV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/202-CoV \"202-CoV\") [AKS-452](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AKS-452 \"AKS-452\") [EuCorVac-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EuCorVac-19 \"EuCorVac-19\") [IVX-411](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IVX-411 \"IVX-411\") [Nanocovax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanocovax \"Nanocovax\") [ReCOV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ReCOV \"ReCOV\") [Sanofi–GSK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine\") [S-268019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S-268019 \"S-268019\") [SCB-2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCB-2019 \"SCB-2019\") [SCTV01C](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCTV01C \"SCTV01C\") [Skycovione](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skycovione \"Skycovione\") [UB-612](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UB-612 \"UB-612\") [V-01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-01 \"V-01\") [V451](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V451_vaccine \"V451 vaccine\") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine\") [West China Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine \"West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine\") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") |\n| Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AdCLD-CoV19 \"AdCLD-CoV19\") [BriLife](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BriLife \"BriLife\") [COH04S1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COH04S1 \"COH04S1\") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT \"DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT\") [GRAd-COV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRAd-COV2 \"GRAd-COV2\") [ImmunityBio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine \"ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine\") [iNCOVACC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INCOVACC \"INCOVACC\") [INNA-051](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INNA-051 \"INNA-051\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [ABNCoV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABNCoV2 \"ABNCoV2\") [LYB001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LYB001 \"LYB001\") [MigVax-101](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MigVax-101 \"MigVax-101\") [VBI-2902](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VBI-2902 \"VBI-2902\") |\n| [Deployment by location](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in Africa\") | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria\") [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola \"COVID-19 vaccination in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso\") [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad \"COVID-19 vaccination in Chad\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Asia | [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan\") [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iran\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel \"COVID-19 vaccination in Israel\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Japan\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam\") |\n| Europe | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France \"COVID-19 vaccination in France\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany \"COVID-19 vaccination in Germany\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece \"COVID-19 vaccination in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary\") [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy \"COVID-19 vaccination in Italy\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway \"COVID-19 vaccination in Norway\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain \"COVID-19 vaccination in Spain\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom\") |\n| North America | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") [mandates]() |\n| Oceania | [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Australia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand\") |\n| South America | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru \"COVID-19 vaccination in Peru\") |\n| Others |   |\n| [Treatment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 \"Treatment and management of COVID-19\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Drug development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_development \"COVID-19 drug development\") [Drug repurposing research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research \"COVID-19 drug repurposing research\") [Baricitinib](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baricitinib \"Baricitinib\") [PANORAMIC trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PANORAMIC_trial \"PANORAMIC trial\") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RECOVERY_Trial \"RECOVERY Trial\") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solidarity_trial \"Solidarity trial\") (WHO) |   |\n| [Monoclonal antibodies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monoclonal_antibody \"Monoclonal antibody\") | [Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab \"Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab\") [Bamlanivimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab \"Bamlanivimab\") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bebtelovimab \"Bebtelovimab\") [Casirivimab\/imdevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casirivimab\/imdevimab \"Casirivimab\/imdevimab\") [Regdanvimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regdanvimab \"Regdanvimab\") [Sarilumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarilumab \"Sarilumab\") [Sotrovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotrovimab \"Sotrovimab\") [Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab \"Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab\") [Tocilizumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tocilizumab \"Tocilizumab\") |\n| [Small molecule antivirals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiviral_drug \"Antiviral drug\") | [Broad-spectrum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug \"Broad-spectrum antiviral drug\") [Ensitrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ensitrelvir \"Ensitrelvir\") [Molnupiravir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molnupiravir \"Molnupiravir\") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir \"Nirmatrelvir\") [ritonavir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir \"Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir\") |\n| [Variants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Specific | [Alpha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\") [Beta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\") [Gamma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\") [Delta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\") [Epsilon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\") [Zeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\") [Eta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\") [Theta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\") [Iota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\") [Kappa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant\") [Lambda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\") [Mu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\") [Omicron](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") |\n| General | [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Lineage B.1.617](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 \"SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617\") [Variant of concern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern \"SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern\") |\n| Institutions |   |\n|   |   |\n| Hospitals and medical clinics |   |\n|   |   |\n| Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan \"Central Hospital of Wuhan\") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre \"Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre\") [Fangcang hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fangcang_hospital \"Fangcang hospital\") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huoshenshan_Hospital \"Huoshenshan Hospital\") [Leishenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leishenshan_Hospital \"Leishenshan Hospital\") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel \"Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel\") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital \"Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital\") |\n| Others | [Hospital ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Garran Surge Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garran_Surge_Centre \"Garran Surge Centre\") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_El_Salvador \"Hospital El Salvador\") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village \"Kemayoran Athletes Village\") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyongyang_General_Hospital \"Pyongyang General Hospital\") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang \"Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang\") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers \"Mega Ligtas COVID Centers\") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre \"Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre\") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital \"Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital \"Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom\") [Birmingham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London \"NHS Nightingale Hospital London\") [North East](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North East\") [North West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North West\") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber\") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Louisa_Jordan \"NHS Louisa Jordan\") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital \"Dragon's Heart Hospital\") (Wales) |\n| Organizations |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National Cabinet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Cabinet_\$Australia\$ \"National Cabinet (Australia)\") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ScienceUpFirst \"ScienceUpFirst\") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology \"Wuhan Institute of Virology\") (China) [Independent SAGE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_SAGE \"Independent SAGE\") (United Kingdom) |   |\n| Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention\") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre \"Ghana Infectious Disease Centre\") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Health_\$Hong_Kong\$ \"Department of Health (Hong Kong)\") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency \"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency\") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases \"National Institute for Communicable Diseases\") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control \"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control\") (Taiwan) |\n| Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board \"National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board\") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Immunity Task Force\") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Supply_Council \"COVID-19 Supply Council\") (Canada) [PREPARE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PREPARE \"PREPARE\") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 \"National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19\") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force\") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\$2020\$ \"National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)\") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting \"Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting\") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre \"Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre\") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee \"Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee\") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases \"Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases\") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center \"Central Epidemic Command Center\") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board \"Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium \"COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium\") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team \"Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team\") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre \"Joint Biosecurity Centre\") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Taskforce \"Vaccine Taskforce\") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Advisory_Board \"COVID-19 Advisory Board\") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups \"Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups\") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force \"White House Coronavirus Task Force\") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team \"White House COVID-19 Response Team\") (United States) [GACH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GACH \"GACH\") (Uruguay) |\n| Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") (India) [Artist Relief](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artist_Relief \"Artist Relief\") (United States) |\n| People |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ai_Fen \"Ai Fen\") [Corona Rintawan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona_Rintawan \"Corona Rintawan\") [Li Wenliang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Wenliang \"Li Wenliang\") [Liu Wen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Wen_\$doctor\$ \"Liu Wen (doctor)\") [Xie Linka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xie_Linka \"Xie Linka\") [Zhang Wenhong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Wenhong \"Zhang Wenhong\") |\n| [Researchers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Coronavirus_researchers \"Category:Coronavirus researchers\") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud \"Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud\") [Roberto Burioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Burioni \"Roberto Burioni\") [Chen Wei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Wei_\$medical_scientist\$ \"Chen Wei (medical scientist)\") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kizzmekia_Corbett \"Kizzmekia Corbett\") [Andrea Crisanti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrea_Crisanti_\$scientist\$ \"Andrea Crisanti (scientist)\") [Peter Daszak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Daszak \"Peter Daszak\") [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") [Neil Ferguson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Ferguson_\$epidemiologist\$ \"Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)\") [Dale Fisher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dale_Fisher \"Dale Fisher\") [George F. Gao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_F._Gao \"George F. Gao\") [Azra Ghani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azra_Ghani \"Azra Ghani\") [Sarah Gilbert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarah_Gilbert \"Sarah Gilbert\") [Guan Yi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guan_Yi \"Guan Yi\") [Kentaro Iwata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kentaro_Iwata \"Kentaro Iwata\") [Katalin Karikó](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 \"Katalin Karikó\") [Matt Keeling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Keeling \"Matt Keeling\") [Trudie Lang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trudie_Lang \"Trudie Lang\") [Li Lanjuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Lanjuan \"Li Lanjuan\") [W. Ian Lipkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._Ian_Lipkin \"W. Ian Lipkin\") [Ma Xiaowei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma_Xiaowei \"Ma Xiaowei\") [Shabir Madhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shabir_Madhi \"Shabir Madhi\") [Allison McGeer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allison_McGeer \"Allison McGeer\") [Camilla Rothe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camilla_Rothe \"Camilla Rothe\") [Shi Zhengli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shi_Zhengli \"Shi Zhengli\") [Moncef Slaoui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moncef_Slaoui \"Moncef Slaoui\") [Mike Tildesley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Tildesley \"Mike Tildesley\") [John Todd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Todd_\$British_biologist\$ \"John Todd (British biologist)\") [Wang Chen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Chen_\$physician\$ \"Wang Chen (physician)\") [Wang Guangfa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Guangfa \"Wang Guangfa\") [Drew Weissman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drew_Weissman \"Drew Weissman\") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuen_Kwok-yung \"Yuen Kwok-yung\") [Zeng Guang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeng_Guang \"Zeng Guang\") [Zhang Jixian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Jixian \"Zhang Jixian\") [Zhang Yongzhen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Yongzhen \"Zhang Yongzhen\") [Zhong Nanshan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhong_Nanshan \"Zhong Nanshan\") |\n| Officials |   |\n|   |   |\n| WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus \"Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus\") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruce_Aylward \"Bruce Aylward\") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maria_Van_Kerkhove \"Maria Van Kerkhove\") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_J._Ryan_\$doctor\$ \"Michael J. Ryan (doctor)\") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) |\n| By location | [Frank Atherton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Atherton \"Frank Atherton\") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashley_Bloomfield \"Ashley Bloomfield\") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Calderwood \"Catherine Calderwood\") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chang_Shan-chwen \"Chang Shan-chwen\") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anutin_Charnvirakul \"Anutin Charnvirakul\") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Shih-chung \"Chen Shih-chung\") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuang_Yin-ching \"Chuang Yin-ching\") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_Costache \"Victor Costache\") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fabrizio_Curcio \"Fabrizio Curcio\") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carmen_Deseda \"Carmen Deseda\") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaap_van_Dissel \"Jaap van Dissel\") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Duque_III \"Francisco Duque III\") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Fauci \"Anthony Fauci\") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo \"Francesco Paolo Figliuolo\") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas \"Graça Freitas\") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo \"Henrique Gouveia e Melo\") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Hancock \"Matt Hancock\") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamad_Hasan \"Hamad Hasan\") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greg_Hunt \"Greg Hunt\") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Holohan \"Tony Holohan\") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeong_Eun-kyeong \"Jeong Eun-kyeong\") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahrettin_Koca \"Fahrettin Koca\") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Keqiang \"Li Keqiang\") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez \"Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez\") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_McBride_\$doctor\$ \"Michael McBride (doctor)\") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 \"Oriol Mitjà\") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zweli_Mkhize \"Zweli Mkhize\") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doni_Monardo \"Doni Monardo\") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_M%C3%B6ller \"Alma Möller\") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saeed_Namaki \"Saeed Namaki\") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_Nemerenco \"Ala Nemerenco\") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long \"Nguyễn Thanh Long\") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah \"Noor Hisham Abdullah\") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ali_Pilli \"Ali Pilli\") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Salinas \"Daniel Salinas\") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon \"Jérôme Salomon\") (France) [Fernando Simón](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n \"Fernando Simón\") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregor_Smith \"Gregor Smith\") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Su_Ih-jen \"Su Ih-jen\") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski \"Łukasz Szumowski\") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theresa_Tam \"Theresa Tam\") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anders_Tegnell \"Anders Tegnell\") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason \"Þórólfur Guðnason\") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotiris_Tsiodras \"Sotiris Tsiodras\") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harsh_Vardhan_\$Delhi_politician\$ \"Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)\") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson \"Víðir Reynisson\") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carla_Vizzotti \"Carla Vizzotti\") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_Voiculescu \"Vlad Voiculescu\") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Whitty \"Chris Whitty\") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Wong \"Lawrence Wong\") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeff_Zients \"Jeff Zients\") (United States) |\n| Others | [Chen Qiushi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Qiushi \"Chen Qiushi\") [Brett Crozier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brett_Crozier \"Brett Crozier\") [Fang Bin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Bin \"Fang Bin\") [Fang Fang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Fang \"Fang Fang\") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond \"Joseph Ashitey Hammond\") [Li Zehua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Zehua \"Li Zehua\") [Captain Tom Moore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captain_Tom_Moore \"Captain Tom Moore\") [Qiu Menghuang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qiu_Menghuang \"Qiu Menghuang\") [Ren Zhiqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren_Zhiqiang \"Ren Zhiqiang\") |\n| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 \"List of deaths due to COVID-19\") |   |\n| Data (templates) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Global | WHO situation reports [cases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_cases \"COVID-19 pandemic cases\") [deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths \"COVID-19 pandemic deaths\") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| Asia | [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Afghanistan medical cases chart\") [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Armenia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Armenia medical cases chart\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Azerbaijan medical cases chart\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bahrain medical cases chart\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases chart\") [by division](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases by division\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases chart\") [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Brunei_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Brunei medical cases chart\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases summary\") China [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases chart\") [confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\$dots\$ \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/China_medical_cases_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/China medical cases by province\") [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Hong Kong medical cases chart\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Macau_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Macau medical cases chart\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Timor-Leste_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Timor-Leste medical cases chart\") Egypt [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Georgia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Georgia medical cases chart\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/India_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/India medical cases chart\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases chart\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases chart\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iraq_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iraq medical cases chart\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases chart\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases chart\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Jordan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Jordan medical cases chart\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kazakhstan medical cases chart\") [Kuwait cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kuwait medical cases chart\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Laos_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Laos medical cases\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Lebanon medical cases chart\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases chart\") [charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") Myanmar [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases summary\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases chart\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases chart\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Pakistan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Pakistan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Pakistan medical cases chart\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines medical cases chart\") [areas of quarantine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines \"Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines\") [vaccinations chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_vaccinations_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines vaccinations chart\") [Qatar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Qatar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Qatar medical cases chart\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Singapore_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Singapore medical cases chart\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Korea_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Korea medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Korea medical cases chart\") [vaccinations charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sri Lanka medical cases chart\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Syria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Syria medical cases chart\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Taiwan medical cases chart\") [vaccination charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Tajikistan medical cases chart\") [Thailand cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Thailand_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Thailand medical cases chart\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases chart\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Vietnam medical cases chart\") [statistics charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts\") [Yemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Yemen_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Yemen medical cases chart\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\")[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Timeline [early cases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_early_cases_of_COVID-19_in_the_United_States \"List of early cases of COVID-19 in the United States\") [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)\") [Testing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 testing in the United States\") [Vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") [mandates]() [misinformation and hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States\") [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States \"COVID-19 misinformation by the United States\") |   |\n| Locations |   |\n|   |   |\n| States and D.C. | [Alabama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama\") [Alaska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska\") [Arizona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona\") [Arkansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas\") [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [S.F. Bay Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area\") [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado\") [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut\") [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware\") [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida \"COVID-19 pandemic in Florida\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\$U.S._state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Idaho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho\") [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois \"COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois\") [Indiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana\") [Iowa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa\") [Kansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas\") [Kentucky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky\") [Louisiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana\") [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maine\") [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [Michigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan\") [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota \"COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota\") [Mississippi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi\") [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri \"COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri\") [Montana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montana\") [Nebraska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska\") [Nevada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [New Hampshire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire\") [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey\") [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico\") [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)\") [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina\") [North Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota\") [Ohio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio\") [Columbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio\") [Oklahoma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma\") [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon\") [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon\") [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania\") [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia\") [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island\") [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina\") [South Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota\") [Tennessee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [Austin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas\") [Utah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Utah\") [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont\") [Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia\") [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)\") [Washington, D.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.\") [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak \"White House COVID-19 outbreak\") [West Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia\") [Wisconsin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin\") [Wyoming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming\") |\n| Territories and other areas | [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base\") [Immigration detention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention \"COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Navajo Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") |\n| Ships | *[Grand Princess](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess\")* [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt \"COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt\") |\n| [Responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Government response |   |\n|   |   |\n| Pre-pandemic exercises [Crimson Contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimson_Contagion \"Crimson Contagion\") [Event 201](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201 \"Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security\") [Federal government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Trump administration communication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Operation Warp Speed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Warp_Speed \"Operation Warp Speed\") [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan \"Biden administration COVID-19 action plan\") [State and local government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") state responses [California government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [New York government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Texas government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") Regional responses [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council \"Eastern States Multi-state Council\") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact \"Midwest Governors Regional Pact\") [Western States Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_States_Pact \"Western States Pact\") [Eviction moratoriums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States\") [House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_House_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Coronavirus_Pandemic \"United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic\") [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force \"White House Coronavirus Task Force\") [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Advisory_Board \"COVID-19 Advisory Board\") [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups \"Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups\") [Hospital ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic\") [USNS *Mercy*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USNS_Mercy \"USNS Mercy\") [USNS *Comfort*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USNS_Comfort \"USNS Comfort\") [2020 Oval Office address](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Oval_Office_address \"2020 Oval Office address\") [Paycheck Protection Program](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paycheck_Protection_Program \"Paycheck Protection Program\") [Pandemic Response Accountability Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_Response_Accountability_Committee \"Pandemic Response Accountability Committee\") [Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special_Inspector_General_for_Pandemic_Recovery \"Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery\") [COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Congressional_Oversight_Commission \"COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission\") |   |\n| Legislation | [Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020 \"Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020\") [Families First Coronavirus Response Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act \"Families First Coronavirus Response Act\") [CARES Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CARES_Act \"CARES Act\") [Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act \"Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act\") [HEROES Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HEROES_Act \"HEROES Act\") [HEALS Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HEALS_Act \"HEALS Act\") [American Rescue Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021 \"American Rescue Plan Act of 2021\") |\n| Private response |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Center for COVID Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Center_for_COVID_Control \"Center for COVID Control\") [Covid Act Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covid_Act_Now \"Covid Act Now\") [COVID Tracking Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Tracking_Project \"COVID Tracking Project\") [MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund \"MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund\") |   |\n| Media | *[30 Rock: A One-Time Special](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/30_Rock:_A_One-Time_Special \"30 Rock: A One-Time Special\")* *[Acting for a Cause](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acting_for_a_Cause \"Acting for a Cause\")* *[Digital Drag Fest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Drag_Fest \"Digital Drag Fest\")* *[Home Movie: The Princess Bride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Movie:_The_Princess_Bride \"Home Movie: The Princess Bride\")* *[iHeart Living Room Concert for America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America \"IHeart Living Room Concert for America\")* *[Make It Work\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Make_It_Work! \"Make It Work!\")* *[Saturday Night Seder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturday_Night_Seder \"Saturday Night Seder\")* *[Saturday Night Live at Home](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturday_Night_Live_at_Home \"Saturday Night Live at Home\")* *[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sesame_Street:_Elmo%27s_Playdate \"Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate\")* *[The Disney Family Singalong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Disney_Family_Singalong \"The Disney Family Singalong\")* *[Volume II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Disney_Family_Singalong:_Volume_II \"The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II\")* *[Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration \"Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration\")* *[Together at Home](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Together_at_Home \"Together at Home\")* *[Saving Our Selves](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saving_Our_Selves \"Saving Our Selves\")* *[A Parks and Recreation Special](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Parks_and_Recreation_Special \"A Parks and Recreation Special\")* *[Rise Up New York\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rise_Up_New_York! \"Rise Up New York!\")* \"[U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss \"U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss\")\" *[Dear Class of 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dear_Class_of_2020 \"Dear Class of 2020\")* *[\\#Graduation2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graduation2020 \"Graduation2020\")* *[Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graduate_Together:_America_Honors_the_High_School_Class_of_2020 \"Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020\")* *[We Are One: A Global Film Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/We_Are_One:_A_Global_Film_Festival \"We Are One: A Global Film Festival\")* *[Global Goal: Unite for Our Future](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Goal:_Unite_for_Our_Future \"Global Goal: Unite for Our Future\")* *[A Killer Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Killer_Party \"A Killer Party\")* *[The Disney Holiday Singalong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Disney_Holiday_Singalong \"The Disney Holiday Singalong\")* *[WrestleMania 36](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WrestleMania_36 \"WrestleMania 36\")* *[Ratatouille the Musical](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ratatouille_the_Musical \"Ratatouille the Musical\")* [Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicole_Kidman_AMC_Theatres_commercial \"Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial\") [93rd Academy Awards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/93rd_Academy_Awards \"93rd Academy Awards\") [74th Tony Awards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/74th_Tony_Awards \"74th Tony Awards\") *[Stars in the House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stars_in_the_House \"Stars in the House\")* |\n| Impacts |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") | [2020 presidential election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Effects_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"2020 United States presidential election\") [postal voting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections \"Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections\") [2021 hospital crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 \"2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19\") [Abortion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States\") [Congressional insider trading scandal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_congressional_insider_trading_scandal \"2020 congressional insider trading scandal\") [Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States\") [Face masks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [Foster care](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States\") [Microsoft Teams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Teams \"Microsoft Teams\") [Protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 protests in the United States\") [Open the States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_the_States \"Open the States\") [George Floyd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") [Election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests \"2020–21 United States election protests\") [United States Capitol attack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack \"January 6 United States Capitol attack\") [Racial disparities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [African-American communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_diaspora \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African diaspora\") [Native American communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities\") [Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#Sports \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [Television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States\") [programs affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [The Walt Disney Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company\") [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\") [2022–2023 pediatric care crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022%E2%80%932023_pediatric_care_crisis \"2022–2023 pediatric care crisis\") |\n| [Economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Meat industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States\") [Recession](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_recession \"COVID-19 recession\") [Restaurant industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States\") [Stock market crash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_stock_market_crash \"2020 stock market crash\") |   |\n| [Strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Alabama aluminum plant strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Alabama_aluminum_plant_strike \"2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike\") [Allegheny Technologies strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike \"2021 Allegheny Technologies strike\") [Bath shipbuilders' strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike \"2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike\") [Columbia University strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_Columbia_University_strike \"2021–2022 Columbia University strike\") [Frito-Lay strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Frito-Lay_strike \"2021 Frito-Lay strike\") [HarperCollins strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike \"2022–2023 HarperCollins strike\") [Heaven Hill strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike \"2021 Heaven Hill strike\") [Hunts Point Produce Market strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Hunts_Point_Produce_Market_strike \"2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike\") [John Deere strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_John_Deere_strike \"2021 John Deere strike\") [Kellogg's strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike \"2021 Kellogg's strike\") [Mercy Hospital strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Mercy_Hospital_strike \"2021 Mercy Hospital strike\") [Michigan graduate students' strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike \"2020 Michigan graduate students' strike\") [Nabisco strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Nabisco_strike \"2021 Nabisco strike\") [Oregon Tech strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Oregon_Tech_strike \"2021 Oregon Tech strike\") [Saint Vincent Hospital strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_Saint_Vincent_Hospital_strike \"2021–2022 Saint Vincent Hospital strike\") [St. Charles Bend strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike \"2021 St. Charles Bend strike\") [St. Paul Park refinery strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike \"2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike\") [University of Illinois Hospital strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_University_of_Illinois_Hospital_strikes \"2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes\") [Virginia Volvo Trucks strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike \"2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike\") [Warrior Met Coal strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_Warrior_Met_Coal_strike \"2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike\") |\n| Notable people |   |\n|   |   |\n| Federal | [Jerome Adams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerome_Adams \"Jerome Adams\") [Scott Atlas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scott_Atlas \"Scott Atlas\") [Alex Azar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Azar \"Alex Azar\") [Joe Biden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") [Deborah Birx](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deborah_Birx \"Deborah Birx\") [Rick Bright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rick_Bright \"Rick Bright\") [Anthony Fauci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Fauci \"Anthony Fauci\") [Pete Gaynor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pete_Gaynor \"Pete Gaynor\") [Brett Giroir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brett_Giroir \"Brett Giroir\") [Stephen Hahn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Hahn \"Stephen Hahn\") [Ashish Jha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashish_Jha \"Ashish Jha\") [Ron Klain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ron_Klain \"Ron Klain\") [Nancy Messonnier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nancy_Messonnier \"Nancy Messonnier\") [Vivek Murthy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vivek_Murthy \"Vivek Murthy\") [Peter Navarro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Navarro \"Peter Navarro\") [Mike Pence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Pence \"Mike Pence\") [Gustave F. Perna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_F._Perna \"Gustave F. Perna\") [Robert R. Redfield](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_R._Redfield \"Robert R. Redfield\") [Todd T. Semonite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Todd_T._Semonite \"Todd T. Semonite\") [Moncef Slaoui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moncef_Slaoui \"Moncef Slaoui\") [Andy Slavitt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Slavitt \"Andy Slavitt\") [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") [Rochelle Walensky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rochelle_Walensky \"Rochelle Walensky\") [Jeff Zients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeff_Zients \"Jeff Zients\") |\n| State and local | [Amy Acton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Acton \"Amy Acton\") [Eric Adams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Adams \"Eric Adams\") [Greg Abbott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greg_Abbott \"Greg Abbott\") [Kate Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kate_Brown \"Kate Brown\") [Andrew Cuomo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_Cuomo \"Andrew Cuomo\") [Dave A. Chokshi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dave_A._Chokshi \"Dave A. Chokshi\") [Bill de Blasio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_de_Blasio \"Bill de Blasio\") [Ron DeSantis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ron_DeSantis \"Ron DeSantis\") [Mike DeWine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_DeWine \"Mike DeWine\") [Eric Garcetti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Garcetti \"Eric Garcetti\") [Kathy Hochul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kathy_Hochul \"Kathy Hochul\") [Larry Hogan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Larry_Hogan \"Larry Hogan\") [Jay Inslee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jay_Inslee \"Jay Inslee\") [Jim Kenney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jim_Kenney \"Jim Kenney\") [Brian Kemp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Kemp \"Brian Kemp\") [Ned Lamont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ned_Lamont \"Ned Lamont\") [Lori Lightfoot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lori_Lightfoot \"Lori Lightfoot\") [Phil Murphy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phil_Murphy \"Phil Murphy\") [Gavin Newsom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gavin_Newsom \"Gavin Newsom\") [J. B. Pritzker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._B._Pritzker \"J. B. Pritzker\") [Gretchen Whitmer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gretchen_Whitmer \"Gretchen Whitmer\") [Tom Wolf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom_Wolf \"Tom Wolf\") |\n| Scientists | [Yaneer Bar-Yam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yaneer_Bar-Yam \"Yaneer Bar-Yam\") [Carl Bergstrom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Bergstrom \"Carl Bergstrom\") [Mandy Cohen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandy_Cohen \"Mandy Cohen\") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kizzmekia_Corbett \"Kizzmekia Corbett\") [Natalie Dean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natalie_Dean \"Natalie Dean\") [Eric Feigl-Ding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Feigl-Ding \"Eric Feigl-Ding\") [Céline Gounder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A9line_Gounder \"Céline Gounder\") [Scott Gottlieb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scott_Gottlieb \"Scott Gottlieb\") [Peter Hotez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Hotez \"Peter Hotez\") [Akiko Iwasaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akiko_Iwasaki \"Akiko Iwasaki\") [Ashish Jha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashish_Jha \"Ashish Jha\") [Marc Lipsitch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marc_Lipsitch \"Marc Lipsitch\") [Syra Madad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syra_Madad \"Syra Madad\") [Lauren Meyers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lauren_Meyers \"Lauren Meyers\") [Michael Mina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Mina_\$epidemiologist\$ \"Michael Mina (epidemiologist)\") [Michael Osterholm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Osterholm \"Michael Osterholm\") [Kimberly Prather](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kimberly_Prather \"Kimberly Prather\") [Caitlin Rivers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caitlin_Rivers \"Caitlin Rivers\") |\n| **[![virus icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4d\/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg\/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:SARS-CoV-2_\$Wikimedia_colors\$.svg) [COVID-19 portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:COVID-19 \"Portal:COVID-19\")** |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:North_America_topic \"Template:North America topic\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:North_America_topic \"Template talk:North America topic\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:North_America_topic \"Special:EditPage\/Template:North America topic\")COVID-19 vaccination mandates in North America |   |\n|---|---|\n| Sovereign states | [Antigua and Barbuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)\") [Bahamas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Bahamas (page does not exist)\") [Barbados](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Barbados (page does not exist)\") [Belize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Belize (page does not exist)\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Canada\") [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Costa Rica (page does not exist)\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Cuba (page does not exist)\") [Dominica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Dominica (page does not exist)\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)\") [El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in El Salvador (page does not exist)\") [Grenada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Grenada (page does not exist)\") [Guatemala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Guatemala (page does not exist)\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Haiti (page does not exist)\") [Honduras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Honduras (page does not exist)\") [Jamaica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Jamaica (page does not exist)\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Mexico (page does not exist)\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Nicaragua (page does not exist)\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Panama (page does not exist)\") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)\") [Saint Lucia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)\") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)\") [Trinidad and Tobago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)\") [United States]() |\n| Dependencies and other territories | [Anguilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Anguilla (page does not exist)\") [Aruba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Aruba (page does not exist)\") [Bermuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Bermuda (page does not exist)\") [Bonaire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Bonaire (page does not exist)\") [British Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)\") [Cayman Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)\") [Curaçao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Curaçao (page does not exist)\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Greenland (page does not exist)\") [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Martinique (page does not exist)\") [Montserrat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Montserrat (page does not exist)\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)\") [Saint Barthélemy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)\") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)\") [Saba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saba_\$island\$&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saba (island) (page does not exist)\") [Sint Eustatius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)\") [Sint Maarten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)\") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)\") [United States Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)\") |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nCOVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\n\nAdd languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png\/500px-USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)\n\n[United States COVID-19 vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\"). Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See [Commons source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png \"File:USA. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 dose reported to the CDC by state or territory for the total population.png\") for date of last upload. [US territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territories_of_the_United_States \"Territories of the United States\"): GU = [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam \"Guam\"). AS = [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Samoa \"American Samoa\"). RP = [Republic of Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Palau \"Republic of Palau\"). FM = [Federated States of Micronesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federated_States_of_Micronesia \"Federated States of Micronesia\"). MP = [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Mariana_Islands \"Northern Mariana Islands\"). MH = [Marshall Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands \"Marshall Islands\"). VI = [Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgin_Islands \"Virgin Islands\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-US-map-1)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b5\/US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png\/500px-US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)\n\nPercent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CDC-vax-map-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Mayo-map-3) See [Commons source](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png \"commons:File:US map. Percent of total population of all ages by state or territory who completed the COVID-19 vaccination primary series.png\") for date of last upload.\n\nOver the course of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), [COVID-19 vaccine mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates \"COVID-19 vaccine mandates\") have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President [Joe Biden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate [COVID-19 vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld.\n\nAll federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates.\n\nBackground\n\nA precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4)\n\nWhen acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that \"I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters.\" [BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\") writer Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the \"stubbornly pervasive\" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which \"could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health.\"[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5) Furthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, \"credential\", or \"[passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\")\" to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing [data privacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_privacy \"Information privacy\") and discrimination concerns.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6)\n\nWorker and traveler mandates\n\nPrivate mandates\n\nAs of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions,[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8) while some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present [proof of vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) In August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n\nIn some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)\n\nIn June 2021, the initial [EUA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_Use_Authorization \"Emergency Use Authorization\") status of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal,[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17) as FDA regulations state that a person must be informed \"of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks\". As these regulations refer to an \"option to accept or refuse\", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a [vaccination policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_policy \"Vaccination policy\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-usa-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-19) However, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University \"Klaassen v. Indiana University\")* in particular addressing this subject at length.\n\nIn May 2021, the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission \"Equal Employment Opportunity Commission\") (EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the [Americans with Disabilities Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act \"Americans with Disabilities Act\") (medical exemptions) or [Title VII of the Civil Rights Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act \"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act\") (religious exemptions).[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17)[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21) By contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:29-22) When the [Pfizer vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") formally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:28-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-24)\n\nIn order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-26) Some businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)\n\nHowever, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-27) Similar mandates were announced for California state employees,[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15) and federal employees and contractors.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)\n\nMany U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28)\n\nThe [National Football League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") made rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by [forfeit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forfeit_\$sport\$ \"Forfeit (sport)\"), and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team).[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-30)\n\nIn mid-August 2021, [Anschutz Entertainment Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group \"Anschutz Entertainment Group\") (AEG) and [Live Nation Entertainment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Live_Nation_Entertainment \"Live Nation Entertainment\") both announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11)\n\nFederal mandates\n\nIn September 2021, Biden announced the [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan \"Biden administration COVID-19 action plan\"), a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) per guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate).[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) The administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32)\n\nIn September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded [Medicaid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicaid \"Medicaid\") and [Medicare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicare_\$United_States\$ \"Medicare (United States)\")\\-certified health care facilities, and [Head Start program](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Head_Start_\$program\$ \"Head Start (program)\") facilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the [United States Department of Health and Human Services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services \"United States Department of Health and Human Services\") (HHS).[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) Companies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an [Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration \"Occupational Safety and Health Administration\") (OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36) These two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32)\n\nBy September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37) Despite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having \"cancelled all medical freedom\".[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39) The next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating \"Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested.\"[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40)\n\nIn November 2021, the [Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sixth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals \"Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals\") stayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41) The [United States Supreme Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Supreme_Court \"United States Supreme Court\") took up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-wapost_scotus_orals-42)\n\nOn January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in *[National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration \"National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration\")* that OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in *Biden v. Missouri*.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43) In the OSHA case, the court issued a *[per curiam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Per_curiam \"Per curiam\")* decision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices [Stephen Breyer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Breyer \"Stephen Breyer\"), [Sonia Sotomayor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonia_Sotomayor \"Sonia Sotomayor\"), and [Elena Kagan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elena_Kagan \"Elena Kagan\") states that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) In the healthcare workers' mandate, the *per curiam* opinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices [Clarence Thomas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarence_Thomas \"Clarence Thomas\") and [Samuel Alito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Alito \"Samuel Alito\") wrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices [Neil Gorsuch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Gorsuch \"Neil Gorsuch\") and [Amy Coney Barrett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Coney_Barrett \"Amy Coney Barrett\"). Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) On January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45)\n\nIn May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46)\n\nList of current mandates\n\nFederal vaccine mandates\n\nSeveral federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023.\n\n| Applicability | Scope | Authority | Ref. |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| Federal contractors | Requires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14042](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_Order_14042 \"Executive Order 14042\") | [\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47) |\n| Health care workers | Requires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the [Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services \"Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services\") to be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule | [\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) |\n| Private sector employees | Requires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing. | OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing | [\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49) |\n| Federal government employees | Requires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14043](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_Order_14043 \"Executive Order 14043\") | [\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50) |\n| Military personnel | Requires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021 | [\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51) |\n| Noncitizen air travelers | Requires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination. | Presidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021 | [\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) |\n\nState and territorial vaccine mandates for workers\n\nSeveral states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees.\n\n| State | State government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Flag_of_California.svg\/40px-Flag_of_California.svg.png) [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California \"California\") | Yes | Yes | Yes[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53) |   | Yes (except for healthcare workers) |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Flag_of_Maine.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png) [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maine \"Maine\") |   | Yes[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54) |   |   | No |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Flag_of_Washington.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png) [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_\$state\$ \"Washington (state)\") | Yes[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55) | Yes | Yes[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png) [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii \"Hawaii\") | Yes |   |   |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Flag_of_Delaware.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png) [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delaware \"Delaware\") | Yes[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-57) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png) [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota \"Minnesota\") | Yes[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png) [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\") | Yes (if involved in healthcare settings)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Flag_of_Oregon.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png) [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon \"Oregon\") | Yes (in October, for executive branch employees)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60) | Yes[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | Yes[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Flag_of_New_York.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png) [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_\$state\$ \"New York (state)\") | Yes (by September 6)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62) | Yes[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Flag_of_Illinois.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png) [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illinois \"Illinois\") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64) |   | Yes[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65) |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png) [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Mexico \"New Mexico\") | Yes[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/Flag_of_Vermont.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png) [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vermont \"Vermont\") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a0\/Flag_of_Maryland.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png) [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maryland \"Maryland\") | Partial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68) | Yes[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png) [District of Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\") | Yes[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70) | Yes (by September 30)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Flag_of_Guam.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png) [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam \"Guam\") | Partial (for executive branch workers)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72) |   |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/28\/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png) [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico \"Puerto Rico\") | Yes[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73) | Yes | Yes[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74) | Yes | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/96\/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png) [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Connecticut \"Connecticut\") | Yes[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76) | Yes |   | Yes |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png) [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhode_Island \"Rhode Island\") |   | Yes[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png) [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\") | Yes[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Flag_of_Colorado.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png) [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado \"Colorado\") |   | Yes[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80) |   |   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg\/40px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png) [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Jersey \"New Jersey\") | Yes[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81) | Partial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82) | Yes |   | Yes |\n\nCounty and municipal vaccine mandates for workers\n\n| City or county | State | City\/county government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [Tucson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tucson \"Tucson\") | Arizona | Yes[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston \"Boston\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Los Angeles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\") | California | Yes[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") | New York | Yes[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86) |   | Yes[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87) |   | Yes |\n| [San Diego](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Diego \"San Diego\") | California | Yes[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Jackson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jackson,_Mississippi \"Jackson, Mississippi\") | Mississippi | Yes[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Newark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newark,_New_Jersey \"Newark, New Jersey\") | New Jersey | Yes[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Hoboken](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoboken,_New_Jersey \"Hoboken, New Jersey\") | New Jersey | Yes[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Richmond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond,_Virginia \"Richmond, Virginia\") | Virginia | Yes[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Denver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denver \"Denver\") | Colorado | Yes[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Pasadena](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasadena,_California \"Pasadena, California\") | California | Yes[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New Bedford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts \"New Bedford, Massachusetts\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [San Jose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Jose,_California \"San Jose, California\") | California | Yes[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\") | Louisiana | Yes[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-97) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [San Francisco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") | California | Yes[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Aquinnah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts \"Aquinnah, Massachusetts\") | Massachusetts | Yes[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) |   |   |   | Yes |\n| [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") | Pennsylvania | Yes[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portland,_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") | Oregon | Yes (by September 10)[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Seattle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle \"Seattle\") | Washington | Yes[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) |   |   |   |   |\n| [King County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_County,_Washington \"King County, Washington\") | Washington | Yes[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Providence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Providence,_Rhode_Island \"Providence, Rhode Island\") | Rhode Island | Yes[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) |   |   |   |   |\n| [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\") | Missouri | Yes[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Sacramento](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacramento,_California \"Sacramento, California\") | California | Yes[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-105) |   |   |   |   |\n| [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago \"Chicago\") | Illinois | Yes[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) |   |   |   |   |\n\nMandates for entry to private facilities\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg\/500px-CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)\n\nA COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC.\n\nVaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees,[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:32-107) and California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its *Blueprint for a Safer Economy* framework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108)\n\nWith the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome [vaccine hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_hesitancy \"Vaccine hesitancy\"), several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues;[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n\n- On August 3, 2021, Mayor of [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") [Bill de Blasio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_de_Blasio \"Bill de Blasio\") announced that a vaccine mandate known as *Key to NYC Pass* would take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111) Ahead of the announcement, [The Broadway League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Broadway_League \"The Broadway League\"), [Carnegie Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnegie_Hall \"Carnegie Hall\"), and the [Metropolitan Opera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Opera \"Metropolitan Opera\") had announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)\n- [San Francisco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") announced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)\n- [New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\") also announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14)\n- On September 10, 2021, [West Hollywood, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Hollywood,_California \"West Hollywood, California\") announced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated.[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112)\n- On September 14, 2021, [Contra Costa County, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contra_Costa_County,_California \"Contra Costa County, California\") announced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19.[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113)\n- On September 15, 2021, the [Los Angeles County Department of Public Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Public_Health \"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health\") (LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114)\n  - On August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose.[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:15-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116) On October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8;[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117) it is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118)\n- On December 13, 2021, the [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted.[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119)\n- On December 21, 2021, the [Chicago Department of Public Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Department_of_Public_Health \"Chicago Department of Public Health\") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order.[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2-120)[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_guidance-121)[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_BlockClubChicago-122)[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_WBEZ-123)\n- On December 23, 2021, the [Cook County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cook_County,_Illinois \"Cook County, Illinois\") Department of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township).[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11-124)[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_guidance-125)[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_Suntimes-126) However, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_refusal_Tribune-127)\n- On December 23, 2021, Mayor of [Newark, New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newark,_New_Jersey \"Newark, New Jersey\") [Ras J. Baraka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ras_Baraka \"Ras Baraka\") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129)\n- On December 23, 2021, [Skokie, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skokie,_Illinois \"Skokie, Illinois\") issued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order-130)[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_guidance-131)[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_news_Tribune-132)\n- On December 28, 2021, [Oak Park, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oak_Park,_Illinois \"Oak Park, Illinois\") issued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order-133)[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_guidance-134)[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order_news_Tribune-135)\n- On December 29, 2021, [Highland Park, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Highland_Park,_Illinois \"Highland Park, Illinois\") issued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order-136)[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_guidance-137)[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_news_Tribune-138)\n- On December 30, 2021, [Evanston, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evanston,_Illinois \"Evanston, Illinois\") issued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order-139)[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_guidance-140)[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_news_Northwestern-141)\n- On January 12, 2022, the mayors of [Minneapolis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minneapolis \"Minneapolis\") and [St. Paul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota \"Saint Paul, Minnesota\") announced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums\/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26.[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-143)\n\nPolitical views\n\nAs with [mask mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") support and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-144) Concern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal.[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145) Media has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Restrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism'[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147)\n\nAs of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Alabama,[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148) Florida,[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:102-149) Iowa,[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) Montana,[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and Texas[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152) also prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of \\$5,000 per-instance,[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153) the Montana order terming it as a prohibition of \"[discrimination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discrimination \"Discrimination\")\" on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools),[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the [Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission \"Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission\"), which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law).[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) Texas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative [COVID-19 test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_test \"COVID-19 test\") is prohibited.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) The Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) There have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156)\n\nSome politicians such as [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene \"Marjorie Taylor Greene\") have claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act \"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\") (HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157) The Privacy Rule only applies to specific \"[protected health information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protected_health_information \"Protected health information\")\" being stored by a \"covered entity\" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals.[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160)\n\nIn February 2023, Idaho state senator [Tammy Nichols](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tammy_Nichols \"Tammy Nichols\") introduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-161)\n\nLegal challenges\n\nSeveral states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) and allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163) A sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual \"who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement\" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164)\n\nThe following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming.[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165)[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162)\n\nThe following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166)\n\nOn January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said \"State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges.\"[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167) \"The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed,\" the Attorney General's office said. \"But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court.\" In his guidance, Miyares writes that \"Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance.\"[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-168) Within a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students.[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-169)\n\nOn February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-170) This lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed.[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-171)\n\nOn May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of [Houston Methodist Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston_Methodist_Hospital \"Houston Methodist Hospital\"), who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate.[\\[171\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-172) The lawsuit was dismissed by district judge [Lynn Hughes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynn_Hughes \"Lynn Hughes\") roughly a couple weeks later.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25) An appeal was filed following the ruling.[\\[172\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-173)\n\nIn July 2021, [Norwegian Cruise Line](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Cruise_Line \"Norwegian Cruise Line\") sued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses.[\\[173\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-174) In August district judge [Kathleen M. Williams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kathleen_M._Williams \"Kathleen M. Williams\") issued a [preliminary injunction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preliminary_injunction \"Preliminary injunction\") in favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to \"provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate\" and that \"documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail.\"[\\[174\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-175)[\\[175\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-176)\n\nA vaccine mandate being enforced by [Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indiana_University \"Indiana University\") requiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University \"Klaassen v. Indiana University\")* that risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the [14th Amendment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution \"Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"). District judge [Damon R. Leichty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damon_R._Leichty \"Damon R. Leichty\") rejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to \"a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff\", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that \"the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the [Tuskegee Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study \"Tuskegee Syphilis Study\").\"[\\[176\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-177) The [7th Circuit Court of Appeals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals \"7th Circuit Court of Appeals\"), in an opinion by judge [Frank Easterbrook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Easterbrook \"Frank Easterbrook\"), upheld the ruling, [citing case law dating back](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobson_v._Massachusetts \"Jacobson v. Massachusetts\") to [smallpox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox \"Smallpox\") in 1905.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\\[177\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)\n\nOn August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice [Amy Coney Barrett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amy_Coney_Barrett \"Amy Coney Barrett\"), who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\\[177\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)[\\[178\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-179)\n\nIn September 2021, the anti-vaccine group [America's Frontline Doctors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors \"America's Frontline Doctors\") (AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against [African Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the [Tuskegee Syphilis Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study \"Tuskegee Syphilis Study\").[\\[179\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-180)\n\nIn December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.[\\[180\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-forbes-181) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction.[\\[181\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-182)\n\nNotes\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-165)** Five states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination.\n\nReferences\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-US-map_1-0)** [COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). By [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\"). Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-CDC-vax-map_2-0)** [CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US](https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: \"Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State\/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population\". Hover or click on locations for more data.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Mayo-map_3-0)** [U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/vaccine-tracker). From the [Mayo Clinic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayo_Clinic \"Mayo Clinic\"). Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. Click on the \"data sources\" link in the first paragraph to see that the data is from the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\").\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4)**\n   Rodger, Daniel; Blackshaw, Bruce P. (January 2, 2022). [\"COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers\"](http:\/\/pure-oai.bham.ac.uk\/ws\/files\/171191940\/COVID_19_Vaccination_Should_not_be_Mandatory_for_Health_and_Social_Care_Workers.pdf) (PDF). *The New Bioethics*. **28** (1): 27–39\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1080\/20502877.2022.2025651](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F20502877.2022.2025651). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\$identifier\$ \"PMID (identifier)\") [35049419](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35049419). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [245827007](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:245827007).\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"Joe Biden: Covid vaccination in US will not be mandatory\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-55193939). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. December 5, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2021.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56657194). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. April 6, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-2)\n   Rowland, Geoffrey (July 29, 2021). [\"Biden tells federal workers: Get vaccinated or submit to testing\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/administration\/565518-biden-asks-federal-employees-to-get-vaccinated-or-submit-to-testing). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. 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[\"Biden scraps vaccine requirement for businesses, weighs options after Supreme Court defeat\"](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2022\/01\/25\/biden-supreme-court-vaccine-test-mandate\/9212064002\/). *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")*. Retrieved January 25, 2022.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-46)**\n    [\"US to lift most federal COVID-19 vaccine mandates next week\"](https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/covid-vaccine-mandate-biden-emergency-3a4e68e7e54a005d8cc50b8756813adc). *AP NEWS*. May 1, 2023.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-47)**\n    [\"Biden Vaccine Mandate for Contractors Blocked Nationwide (2)\"](https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/health-law-and-business\/biden-vaccine-mandate-for-federal-contractors-blocked-nationwide). *[Bloomberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomberg_News \"Bloomberg News\")*. December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"Supreme Court blocks Biden's Covid vaccine requirement for businesses\"](https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/supreme-court\/supreme-court-blocks-biden-admin-s-covid-requirements-workplaces-allows-n1287435). *[NBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_News \"NBC News\")*. 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Retrieved August 26, 2021.\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-66)**\n    [\"FRI: New Mexico Mandates Vaccination Or Testing For State Workers, + More\"](https:\/\/www.kunm.org\/post\/fri-new-mexico-mandates-vaccination-or-testing-state-workers-more). *www.kunm.org*. July 30, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.\n67. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-67)**\n    [\"Reporter Debrief: Gov. Scott Announces COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate For Some State Employees\"](https:\/\/www.vpr.org\/vpr-news\/2021-08-10\/reporter-debrief-gov-scott-announces-covid-19-vaccine-mandate-for-some-state-employees). *Vermont Public Radio*. August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.\n68. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-68)**\n    Condon, Christine; Wood, Pamela (August 5, 2021). 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Baker orders vaccine mandate for Massachusetts executive department workers\"](https:\/\/www.axios.com\/massachusetts-vaccine-mandate-state-employees-5d6296d0-1ca9-4c5a-84bb-19f7a9621b17.html). *[Axios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axios_\$website\$ \"Axios (website)\")*. Retrieved August 26, 2021.\n79. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-79)**\n    Wiexel, Nathaniel (August 4, 2021). [\"Massachusetts to require COVID-19 vaccine for all nursing home staff\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/state-watch\/566368-massachusetts-to-require-covid-vaccine-for-all-nursing-home-staff). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\$newspaper\$ \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210727232031\/https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/california\/story\/2021-07-27\/hold-l-a-will-require-city-employees-to-get-vaccinated-or-tested) from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.\n86. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-86)**\n    Wamsley, Laurel (July 27, 2021). [\"New Vaccine Mandates Are Coming For Government Employees And Health Care Workers\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/07\/26\/1020709931\/nyc-will-require-vaccines-or-weekly-tests-for-hundreds-of-thousands-of-city-work). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. 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Retrieved August 10, 2021.\n175. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-176)**\n     [\"Federal judge sides with Norwegian Cruise Line in fight with Florida over vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.politico.com\/states\/florida\/story\/2021\/08\/08\/federal-judge-sides-with-norwegian-cruise-line-in-fight-with-florida-over-vaccine-passports-1389732). *[Politico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politico \"Politico\") PRO*. August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.\n176. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-177)**\n     Lombardo, Clare (July 19, 2021). [\"Indiana University's Vaccine Requirement Should Stand, Federal Judge Rules\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/07\/19\/1018010489\/indiana-universitys-vaccine-requirement-should-stand-federal-judge-rules). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n177. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:23_178-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:23_178-1)\n     de Vogue, Ariane (August 12, 2021). [\"Justice Amy Coney Barrett denies request to block Indiana University's vaccine mandate \\| CNN Politics\"](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/12\/politics\/supreme-court-indiana-university-vaccine-mandate\/index.html). *[CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210812230657\/https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/08\/12\/politics\/supreme-court-indiana-university-vaccine-mandate\/index.html) from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.\n178. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-179)**\n     McCann, Michael (August 16, 2021). [\"Justice Barrett Vaccine Ruling Likely to Apply to College Sports\"](https:\/\/www.sportico.com\/law\/analysis\/2021\/justice-barrett-vaccine-ruling-ncaa-1234637061\/). *Sportico.com*. Retrieved August 16, 2021.\n179. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-180)**\n     Mencimer, Stephanie. [\"Pro-Trump doctors invoke civil rights in bid to overturn New York's vaccine mandate\"](https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2021\/09\/simone-gold-new-york-vaccine-lawsuit\/). *[Mother Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mother_Jones_\$magazine\$ \"Mother Jones (magazine)\")*. Retrieved January 3, 2022.\n180. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-forbes_181-0)**\n     Durkee, Alison. [\"Appeals Court Refuses To Put Biden's Vaccine Mandate For Healthcare Workers Back Into Effect\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/alisondurkee\/2021\/12\/13\/appeals-court-refuses-to-put-bidens-vaccine-mandate-for-healthcare-workers-back-into-effect\/). Retrieved December 14, 2021.\n181. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-182)**\n     [\"US Supreme Court blocks Biden's workplace vaccine mandate\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-59989476). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. January 13, 2022. 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United States COVID-19 vaccination . Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See Commons source for date of last upload. US territories : GU = Guam . AS = American Samoa . RP = Republic of Palau . FM = Federated States of Micronesia . MP = Northern Mariana Islands . MH = Marshall Islands . VI = Virgin Islands . [ 1 ] Percent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] See Commons source for date of last upload. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic , COVID-19 vaccine mandates have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President Joe Biden announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate COVID-19 vaccination for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld. All federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates. Background A precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B. [ 4 ] When acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that "I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters." BBC News writer Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the "stubbornly pervasive" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which "could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health." [ 5 ] Furthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, "credential", or " passport " to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing data privacy and discrimination concerns. [ 6 ] Worker and traveler mandates Private mandates As of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] while some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present proof of vaccination . [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] In August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] In some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] In June 2021, the initial EUA status of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal, [ 17 ] as FDA regulations state that a person must be informed "of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks". As these regulations refer to an "option to accept or refuse", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a vaccination policy . [ 18 ] [ 19 ] However, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in Klaassen v. Indiana University in particular addressing this subject at length. In May 2021, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the Americans with Disabilities Act (medical exemptions) or Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (religious exemptions). [ 17 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] By contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status. [ 22 ] When the Pfizer vaccine formally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] In order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Some businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access. [ 9 ] However, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees. [ 27 ] Similar mandates were announced for California state employees, [ 8 ] [ 15 ] and federal employees and contractors. [ 7 ] Many U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school. [ 28 ] The National Football League made rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by forfeit , and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team). [ 29 ] [ 30 ] In mid-August 2021, Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) and Live Nation Entertainment both announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4. [ 11 ] Federal mandates In September 2021, Biden announced the Biden administration COVID-19 action plan , a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination) [ 31 ] per guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate). [ 31 ] The administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated. [ 32 ] In September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded Medicaid and Medicare -certified health care facilities, and Head Start program facilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). [ 33 ] [ 34 ] [ 31 ] Companies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] These two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022. [ 32 ] By September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it. [ 37 ] Despite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having "cancelled all medical freedom". [ 38 ] [ 39 ] The next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating "Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested." [ 40 ] In November 2021, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals stayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard. [ 41 ] The United States Supreme Court took up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022. [ 42 ] On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration that OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in Biden v. Missouri . [ 43 ] In the OSHA case, the court issued a per curiam decision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices Stephen Breyer , Sonia Sotomayor , and Elena Kagan states that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19. [ 44 ] In the healthcare workers' mandate, the per curiam opinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito wrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett . Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given. [ 44 ] On January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals. [ 45 ] In May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States. [ 46 ] List of current mandates Federal vaccine mandates Several federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023. Applicability Scope Authority Ref. Federal contractors Requires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. Executive Order 14042 [ 47 ] Health care workers Requires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services to be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule [ 48 ] Private sector employees Requires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing. OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing [ 49 ] Federal government employees Requires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception. Executive Order 14043 [ 50 ] Military personnel Requires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception. Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021 [ 51 ] Noncitizen air travelers Requires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination. Presidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021 [ 52 ] State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers Several states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees. State State government workers Health care workers Educational workers Hospitality workers Testing alternative California Yes Yes Yes [ 53 ] Yes (except for healthcare workers) Maine Yes [ 54 ] No Washington Yes [ 55 ] Yes Yes [ 56 ] Hawaii Yes Yes Delaware Yes [ 57 ] Minnesota Yes [ 58 ] Pennsylvania Yes (if involved in healthcare settings) [ 59 ] Yes Oregon Yes (in October, for executive branch employees) [ 60 ] Yes [ 61 ] Yes [ 61 ] New York Yes (by September 6) [ 62 ] Yes [ 63 ] Illinois Partial (for workers in high-contact settings) [ 64 ] Yes [ 65 ] New Mexico Yes [ 66 ] Vermont Partial (for workers in high-contact settings) [ 67 ] Maryland Partial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings) [ 68 ] Yes [ 69 ] District of Columbia Yes [ 70 ] Yes (by September 30) [ 71 ] Guam Partial (for executive branch workers) [ 72 ] Puerto Rico Yes [ 73 ] Yes Yes [ 74 ] Yes Yes Connecticut Yes [ 75 ] Partial (for nursing home workers) [ 76 ] Yes Yes Rhode Island Yes [ 77 ] Massachusetts Yes [ 78 ] Partial (for nursing home workers) [ 79 ] Colorado Yes [ 80 ] New Jersey Yes [ 81 ] Partial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities) [ 82 ] Yes Yes County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers City or county State City/county government workers Health care workers Educational workers Hospitality workers Testing alternative Tucson Arizona Yes [ 83 ] Yes Boston Massachusetts Yes [ 84 ] Yes Los Angeles California Yes [ 85 ] Yes New York City New York Yes [ 86 ] Yes [ 87 ] Yes San Diego California Yes [ 88 ] Yes Jackson Mississippi Yes [ 89 ] Yes Newark New Jersey Yes [ 90 ] Yes Hoboken New Jersey Yes [ 91 ] Yes Richmond Virginia Yes [ 92 ] Yes Denver Colorado Yes [ 93 ] Yes Pasadena California Yes [ 94 ] Yes New Bedford Massachusetts Yes [ 95 ] Yes San Jose California Yes [ 96 ] Yes New Orleans Louisiana Yes [ 97 ] Yes San Francisco California Yes [ 98 ] Yes Aquinnah Massachusetts Yes [ 99 ] Yes Philadelphia Pennsylvania Yes [ 100 ] Portland Oregon Yes (by September 10) [ 101 ] Seattle Washington Yes [ 102 ] King County Washington Yes [ 102 ] Providence Rhode Island Yes [ 103 ] St. Louis Missouri Yes [ 104 ] Sacramento California Yes [ 105 ] Chicago Illinois Yes [ 106 ] Mandates for entry to private facilities A COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC. Vaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees, [ 107 ] and California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its Blueprint for a Safer Economy framework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test. [ 108 ] With the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome vaccine hesitancy , several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues; [ 13 ] [ 12 ] [ 14 ] On August 3, 2021, Mayor of New York City Bill de Blasio announced that a vaccine mandate known as Key to NYC Pass would take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues. [ 109 ] [ 13 ] [ 110 ] [ 111 ] Ahead of the announcement, The Broadway League , Carnegie Hall , and the Metropolitan Opera had announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows. [ 10 ] San Francisco announced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated. [ 12 ] New Orleans also announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test. [ 14 ] On September 10, 2021, West Hollywood, California announced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated. [ 112 ] On September 14, 2021, Contra Costa County, California announced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19. [ 113 ] On September 15, 2021, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required. [ 114 ] On August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose. [ 115 ] [ 116 ] On October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8; [ 117 ] it is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people. [ 118 ] On December 13, 2021, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted. [ 119 ] On December 21, 2021, the Chicago Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order. [ 120 ] [ 121 ] [ 122 ] [ 123 ] On December 23, 2021, the Cook County Department of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township). [ 124 ] [ 125 ] [ 126 ] However, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order. [ 127 ] On December 23, 2021, Mayor of Newark, New Jersey Ras J. Baraka announced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] On December 23, 2021, Skokie, Illinois issued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022. [ 130 ] [ 131 ] [ 132 ] On December 28, 2021, Oak Park, Illinois issued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022. [ 133 ] [ 134 ] [ 135 ] On December 29, 2021, Highland Park, Illinois issued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] [ 138 ] On December 30, 2021, Evanston, Illinois issued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022. [ 139 ] [ 140 ] [ 141 ] On January 12, 2022, the mayors of Minneapolis and St. Paul announced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26. [ 142 ] [ 143 ] Political views As with mask mandates support and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines. [ 144 ] Concern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal. [ 145 ] Media has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates. [ 146 ] Restrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism' [ 147 ] As of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service. [ 146 ] Alabama, [ 148 ] Florida, [ 149 ] Iowa, [ 150 ] Montana, [ 151 ] and Texas [ 152 ] also prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of $5,000 per-instance, [ 153 ] the Montana order terming it as a prohibition of " discrimination " on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools), [ 154 ] [ 151 ] and the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission , which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law). [ 155 ] Texas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative COVID-19 test is prohibited. [ 155 ] The Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts. [ 150 ] There have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students. [ 156 ] Some politicians such as Marjorie Taylor Greene have claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status. [ 157 ] The Privacy Rule only applies to specific " protected health information " being stored by a "covered entity" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] [ 160 ] In February 2023, Idaho state senator Tammy Nichols introduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine. [ 161 ] Legal challenges Several states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use [ 162 ] and allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits. [ 163 ] A sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual "who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation. [ 164 ] The following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. [ a ] [ 162 ] The following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida. [ 165 ] On January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said "State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges." [ 166 ] "The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed," the Attorney General's office said. "But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court." In his guidance, Miyares writes that "Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance." [ 167 ] Within a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students. [ 168 ] On February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. [ 169 ] This lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed. [ 170 ] On May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of Houston Methodist Hospital , who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate. [ 171 ] The lawsuit was dismissed by district judge Lynn Hughes roughly a couple weeks later. [ 25 ] An appeal was filed following the ruling. [ 172 ] In July 2021, Norwegian Cruise Line sued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses. [ 173 ] In August district judge Kathleen M. Williams issued a preliminary injunction in favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to "provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate" and that "documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail." [ 174 ] [ 175 ] A vaccine mandate being enforced by Indiana University requiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in Klaassen v. Indiana University that risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the 14th Amendment . District judge Damon R. Leichty rejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to "a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that "the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the Tuskegee Study ." [ 176 ] The 7th Circuit Court of Appeals , in an opinion by judge Frank Easterbrook , upheld the ruling, citing case law dating back to smallpox in 1905. [ 16 ] [ 177 ] On August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett , who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges. [ 16 ] [ 177 ] [ 178 ] In September 2021, the anti-vaccine group America's Frontline Doctors (AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against African Americans , citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study . [ 179 ] In December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming. [ 180 ] On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction. [ 181 ] Notes ^ Five states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination. References ^ COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States . By Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info. ^ CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US . View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: "Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population". Hover or click on locations for more data. ^ U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress . From the Mayo Clinic . Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. 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Retrieved August 13, 2021 . ^ CBS 2 News staff (February 16, 2023). "Bill proposed that makes giving an MRNA vaccine a misdemeanor" . KBOI . Retrieved February 17, 2023 . ^ a b "State Efforts to Ban or Enforce COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Passports" . January 14, 2022. ^ "Should Vaccine-Resistant Workers Who Leave Their Jobs Receive Unemployment?" . FindLaw . January 13, 2022. ^ "States Seek to Use Unemployment Benefits to Break the Back of Vaccine Mandates" . The Century Foundation . February 3, 2022. ^ Cai, Sophia (January 9, 2022). "Red states fight school vaccine mandates" . Axios . ^ Miyares, Jason S. (January 26, 2022). "Official advisory opinion of the Attorney General" (PDF) . ^ Veronica Stracqualursi (January 28, 2022). "Virginia AG says state universities cannot mandate Covid-19 vaccines without lawmakers' approval" . CNN . ^ Veronica Stracqualursi (February 2022). "Virginia universities end student vaccine mandates after state attorney general's legal opinion" . CNN . ^ Styf, Jon. "Sixteen states file new lawsuit against federal COVID vaccination mandate" . KPVI . Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 . Retrieved November 6, 2023 . ^ Blankley, Bethany (January 21, 2022). "Federal court dismisses Texas' lawsuit over CMS vaccine mandate" . The Center Square . ^ Lenthang, Marlene (May 29, 2021). "117 employees sue Houston Methodist hospital for requiring COVID-19 vaccine" . ABC News . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ "Attorneys for Houston Methodist employees file appeal after judge dismisses their lawsuit" . KHOU . June 15, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ "Norwegian Cruise Line sues Florida over vaccine passport ban" . Politico PRO . July 13, 2021. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021 . Retrieved August 10, 2021 . ^ Timmer, John (August 9, 2021). "Court says Florida can't block cruise line from requiring vaccines" . Ars Technica . Retrieved August 10, 2021 . ^ "Federal judge sides with Norwegian Cruise Line in fight with Florida over vaccine passports" . Politico PRO . August 8, 2021 . Retrieved August 10, 2021 . ^ Lombardo, Clare (July 19, 2021). "Indiana University's Vaccine Requirement Should Stand, Federal Judge Rules" . NPR . Retrieved August 13, 2021 . ^ a b de Vogue, Ariane (August 12, 2021). "Justice Amy Coney Barrett denies request to block Indiana University's vaccine mandate | CNN Politics" . CNN . Archived from the original on August 12, 2021 . Retrieved August 13, 2021 . ^ McCann, Michael (August 16, 2021). "Justice Barrett Vaccine Ruling Likely to Apply to College Sports" . Sportico.com . Retrieved August 16, 2021 . ^ Mencimer, Stephanie. "Pro-Trump doctors invoke civil rights in bid to overturn New York's vaccine mandate" . Mother Jones . Retrieved January 3, 2022 . ^ Durkee, Alison. "Appeals Court Refuses To Put Biden's Vaccine Mandate For Healthcare Workers Back Into Effect" . Retrieved December 14, 2021 . ^ "US Supreme Court blocks Biden's workplace vaccine mandate" . BBC News . January 13, 2022 . Retrieved January 13, 2022 .

Markdown

[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=COVID-19+vaccination+mandates+in+the+United+States "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=COVID-19+vaccination+mandates+in+the+United+States "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States) - [1 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Background) - [2 Worker and traveler mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Worker_and_traveler_mandates) Toggle Worker and traveler mandates subsection - [2\.1 Private mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Private_mandates) - [2\.2 Federal mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Federal_mandates) - [3 List of current mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#List_of_current_mandates) Toggle List of current mandates subsection - [3\.1 Federal vaccine mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Federal_vaccine_mandates) - [3\.2 State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#State_and_territorial_vaccine_mandates_for_workers) - [3\.3 County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#County_and_municipal_vaccine_mandates_for_workers) - [4 Mandates for entry to private facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Mandates_for_entry_to_private_facilities) - [5 Political views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Political_views) - [6 Legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Legal_challenges) - [7 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Notes) - [8 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#References) Toggle the table of contents # COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States Add languages [Add links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107630564#sitelinks-wikipedia "Add interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States&action=edit "This page is protected. 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png/500px-USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png) [United States COVID-19 vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States"). Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See [Commons source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png "File:USA. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 dose reported to the CDC by state or territory for the total population.png") for date of last upload. [US territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States "Territories of the United States"): GU = [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam"). AS = [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa "American Samoa"). RP = [Republic of Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Palau "Republic of Palau"). FM = [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia "Federated States of Micronesia"). MP = [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands "Northern Mariana Islands"). MH = [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands "Marshall Islands"). VI = [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands "Virgin Islands").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-US-map-1) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png/500px-US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png) Percent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CDC-vax-map-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Mayo-map-3) See [Commons source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png "commons:File:US map. Percent of total population of all ages by state or territory who completed the COVID-19 vaccination primary series.png") for date of last upload. Over the course of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), [COVID-19 vaccine mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates "COVID-19 vaccine mandates") have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate [COVID-19 vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld. All federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates. ## Background A precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4) When acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that "I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters." [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News") writer Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the "stubbornly pervasive" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which "could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health."[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5) Furthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, "credential", or "[passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic")" to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing [data privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_privacy "Information privacy") and discrimination concerns.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6) ## Worker and traveler mandates ### Private mandates As of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions,[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8) while some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present [proof of vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) In August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) In some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16) In June 2021, the initial [EUA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Use_Authorization "Emergency Use Authorization") status of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17) as FDA regulations state that a person must be informed "of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks". As these regulations refer to an "option to accept or refuse", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a [vaccination policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy "Vaccination policy").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-usa-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-19) However, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University "Klaassen v. Indiana University")* in particular addressing this subject at length. In May 2021, the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission") (EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the [Americans with Disabilities Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act "Americans with Disabilities Act") (medical exemptions) or [Title VII of the Civil Rights Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act") (religious exemptions).[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21) By contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:29-22) When the [Pfizer vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") formally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:28-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-24) In order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-26) Some businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9) However, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-27) Similar mandates were announced for California state employees,[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15) and federal employees and contractors.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7) Many U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28) The [National Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") made rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by [forfeit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forfeit_$sport$ "Forfeit (sport)"), and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team).[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-30) In mid-August 2021, [Anschutz Entertainment Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group "Anschutz Entertainment Group") (AEG) and [Live Nation Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment "Live Nation Entertainment") both announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) ### Federal mandates Main article: [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan "Biden administration COVID-19 action plan") In September 2021, Biden announced the [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan "Biden administration COVID-19 action plan"), a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) per guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate).[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) The administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32) In September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid") and [Medicare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_$United_States$ "Medicare (United States)")\-certified health care facilities, and [Head Start program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_Start_$program$ "Head Start (program)") facilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the [United States Department of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services") (HHS).[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) Companies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an [Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration "Occupational Safety and Health Administration") (OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36) These two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32) By September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37) Despite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having "cancelled all medical freedom".[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39) The next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating "Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested."[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40) In November 2021, the [Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals "Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals") stayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41) The [United States Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court "United States Supreme Court") took up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-wapost_scotus_orals-42) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in *[National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration "National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration")* that OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in *Biden v. Missouri*.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43) In the OSHA case, the court issued a *[per curiam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_curiam "Per curiam")* decision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices [Stephen Breyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Breyer "Stephen Breyer"), [Sonia Sotomayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor "Sonia Sotomayor"), and [Elena Kagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Kagan "Elena Kagan") states that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) In the healthcare workers' mandate, the *per curiam* opinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices [Clarence Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas "Clarence Thomas") and [Samuel Alito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Alito "Samuel Alito") wrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices [Neil Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch "Neil Gorsuch") and [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"). Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) On January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45) In May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46) ## List of current mandates ### Federal vaccine mandates Several federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023. | Applicability | Scope | Authority | Ref. | |---|---|---|---| | Federal contractors | Requires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14042](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14042 "Executive Order 14042") | [\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47) | | Health care workers | Requires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the [Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services "Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services") to be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule | [\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) | | Private sector employees | Requires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing. | OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing | [\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49) | | Federal government employees | Requires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14043](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14043 "Executive Order 14043") | [\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50) | | Military personnel | Requires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021 | [\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51) | | Noncitizen air travelers | Requires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination. | Presidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021 | [\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) | ### State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers Several states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees. | State | State government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/40px-Flag_of_California.svg.png) [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California "California") | Yes | Yes | Yes[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53) | | Yes (except for healthcare workers) | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png) [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine "Maine") | | Yes[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54) | | | No | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/40px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png) [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_$state$ "Washington (state)") | Yes[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55) | Yes | Yes[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png) [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii "Hawaii") | Yes | | | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/40px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png) [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware "Delaware") | Yes[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-57) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/40px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png) [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota") | Yes[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png) [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania") | Yes (if involved in healthcare settings)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59) | | | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png) [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") | Yes (in October, for executive branch employees)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60) | Yes[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | Yes[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png) [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_$state$ "New York (state)") | Yes (by September 6)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62) | Yes[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/40px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png) [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois "Illinois") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64) | | Yes[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png) [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico "New Mexico") | Yes[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png) [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont "Vermont") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png) [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland "Maryland") | Partial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68) | Yes[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/40px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png) [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") | Yes[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70) | Yes (by September 30)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png) [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam") | Partial (for executive branch workers)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png) [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico "Puerto Rico") | Yes[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73) | Yes | Yes[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74) | Yes | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/20px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png) [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut "Connecticut") | Yes[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76) | Yes | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png) [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island "Rhode Island") | | Yes[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png) [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts "Massachusetts") | Yes[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png) [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") | | Yes[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png) [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") | Yes[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81) | Partial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82) | Yes | | Yes | ### County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers | City or county | State | City/county government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | [Tucson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson "Tucson") | Arizona | Yes[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83) | | | | Yes | | [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston "Boston") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84) | | | | Yes | | [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles "Los Angeles") | California | Yes[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85) | | | | Yes | | [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") | New York | Yes[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86) | | Yes[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87) | | Yes | | [San Diego](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego "San Diego") | California | Yes[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88) | | | | Yes | | [Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi "Jackson, Mississippi") | Mississippi | Yes[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89) | | | | Yes | | [Newark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey "Newark, New Jersey") | New Jersey | Yes[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90) | | | | Yes | | [Hoboken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey "Hoboken, New Jersey") | New Jersey | Yes[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91) | | | | Yes | | [Richmond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia "Richmond, Virginia") | Virginia | Yes[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92) | | | | Yes | | [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver") | Colorado | Yes[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93) | | | | Yes | | [Pasadena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California "Pasadena, California") | California | Yes[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94) | | | | Yes | | [New Bedford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts "New Bedford, Massachusetts") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95) | | | | Yes | | [San Jose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_California "San Jose, California") | California | Yes[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96) | | | | Yes | | [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") | Louisiana | Yes[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-97) | | | | Yes | | [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") | California | Yes[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98) | | | | Yes | | [Aquinnah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts "Aquinnah, Massachusetts") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) | | | | Yes | | [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") | Pennsylvania | Yes[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) | | | | | | [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon "Portland, Oregon") | Oregon | Yes (by September 10)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101) | | | | | | [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") | Washington | Yes[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) | | | | | | [King County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_County,_Washington "King County, Washington") | Washington | Yes[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) | | | | | | [Providence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island "Providence, Rhode Island") | Rhode Island | Yes[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) | | | | | | [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis") | Missouri | Yes[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) | | | | | | [Sacramento](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California "Sacramento, California") | California | Yes[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-105) | | | | | | [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") | Illinois | Yes[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) | | | | | ## Mandates for entry to private facilities [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg/500px-CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg) A COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC. Vaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees,[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:32-107) and California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its *Blueprint for a Safer Economy* framework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108) With the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome [vaccine hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy "Vaccine hesitancy"), several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues;[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) - On August 3, 2021, Mayor of [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") [Bill de Blasio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio "Bill de Blasio") announced that a vaccine mandate known as *Key to NYC Pass* would take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111) Ahead of the announcement, [The Broadway League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Broadway_League "The Broadway League"), [Carnegie Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hall "Carnegie Hall"), and the [Metropolitan Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera "Metropolitan Opera") had announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10) - [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") announced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12) - [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") also announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) - On September 10, 2021, [West Hollywood, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California "West Hollywood, California") announced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112) - On September 14, 2021, [Contra Costa County, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California "Contra Costa County, California") announced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113) - On September 15, 2021, the [Los Angeles County Department of Public Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Public_Health "Los Angeles County Department of Public Health") (LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114) - On August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:15-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116) On October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8;[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117) it is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118) - On December 13, 2021, the [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119) - On December 21, 2021, the [Chicago Department of Public Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Department_of_Public_Health "Chicago Department of Public Health") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_guidance-121)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_BlockClubChicago-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_WBEZ-123) - On December 23, 2021, the [Cook County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois "Cook County, Illinois") Department of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11-124)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_guidance-125)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_Suntimes-126) However, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_refusal_Tribune-127) - On December 23, 2021, Mayor of [Newark, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey "Newark, New Jersey") [Ras J. Baraka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Baraka "Ras Baraka") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129) - On December 23, 2021, [Skokie, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois "Skokie, Illinois") issued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_guidance-131)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_news_Tribune-132) - On December 28, 2021, [Oak Park, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois "Oak Park, Illinois") issued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_guidance-134)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order_news_Tribune-135) - On December 29, 2021, [Highland Park, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Park,_Illinois "Highland Park, Illinois") issued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order-136)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_guidance-137)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_news_Tribune-138) - On December 30, 2021, [Evanston, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois "Evanston, Illinois") issued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order-139)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_guidance-140)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_news_Northwestern-141) - On January 12, 2022, the mayors of [Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis "Minneapolis") and [St. Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota "Saint Paul, Minnesota") announced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-143) ## Political views As with [mask mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") support and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-144) Concern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145) Media has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Restrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism'[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147) As of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Alabama,[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148) Florida,[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:102-149) Iowa,[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) Montana,[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and Texas[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152) also prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of \$5,000 per-instance,[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153) the Montana order terming it as a prohibition of "[discrimination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination "Discrimination")" on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools),[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the [Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission "Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission"), which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law).[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) Texas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative [COVID-19 test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_test "COVID-19 test") is prohibited.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) The Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) There have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156) Some politicians such as [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene") have claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") (HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157) The Privacy Rule only applies to specific "[protected health information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_health_information "Protected health information")" being stored by a "covered entity" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160) In February 2023, Idaho state senator [Tammy Nichols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Nichols "Tammy Nichols") introduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-161) ## Legal challenges Several states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) and allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163) A sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual "who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164) The following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) The following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166) On January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said "State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges."[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167) "The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed," the Attorney General's office said. "But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court." In his guidance, Miyares writes that "Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance."[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-168) Within a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-169) On February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-170) This lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-171) On May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of [Houston Methodist Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Methodist_Hospital "Houston Methodist Hospital"), who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-172) The lawsuit was dismissed by district judge [Lynn Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Hughes "Lynn Hughes") roughly a couple weeks later.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25) An appeal was filed following the ruling.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-173) In July 2021, [Norwegian Cruise Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line "Norwegian Cruise Line") sued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-174) In August district judge [Kathleen M. Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_M._Williams "Kathleen M. Williams") issued a [preliminary injunction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preliminary_injunction "Preliminary injunction") in favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to "provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate" and that "documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail."[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-175)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-176) A vaccine mandate being enforced by [Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University "Indiana University") requiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University "Klaassen v. Indiana University")* that risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the [14th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"). District judge [Damon R. Leichty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damon_R._Leichty "Damon R. Leichty") rejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to "a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that "the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the [Tuskegee Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study "Tuskegee Syphilis Study")."[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-177) The [7th Circuit Court of Appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals "7th Circuit Court of Appeals"), in an opinion by judge [Frank Easterbrook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook "Frank Easterbrook"), upheld the ruling, [citing case law dating back](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson_v._Massachusetts "Jacobson v. Massachusetts") to [smallpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox "Smallpox") in 1905.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178) On August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"), who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-179) In September 2021, the anti-vaccine group [America's Frontline Doctors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors "America's Frontline Doctors") (AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against [African Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the [Tuskegee Syphilis Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study "Tuskegee Syphilis Study").[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-180) In December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-forbes-181) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-182) ## Notes 1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-165)** Five states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination. ## References 1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-US-map_1-0)** [COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). By [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"). Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info. 2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-CDC-vax-map_2-0)** [CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: "Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population". Hover or click on locations for more data. 3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Mayo-map_3-0)** [U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress](https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-tracker). From the [Mayo Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_Clinic "Mayo Clinic"). Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. Click on the "data sources" link in the first paragraph to see that the data is from the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"). 4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4)** Rodger, Daniel; Blackshaw, Bruce P. (January 2, 2022). ["COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers"](http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/171191940/COVID_19_Vaccination_Should_not_be_Mandatory_for_Health_and_Social_Care_Workers.pdf) (PDF). *The New Bioethics*. **28** (1): 27–39\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/20502877.2022.2025651](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20502877.2022.2025651). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_$identifier$ "PMID (identifier)") [35049419](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049419). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_$identifier$ "S2CID (identifier)") [245827007](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245827007). 5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)** ["Joe Biden: Covid vaccination in US will not be mandatory"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55193939). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. December 5, 2020. 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["Appeals Court Refuses To Put Biden's Vaccine Mandate For Healthcare Workers Back Into Effect"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/12/13/appeals-court-refuses-to-put-bidens-vaccine-mandate-for-healthcare-workers-back-into-effect/). Retrieved December 14, 2021. 181. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-182)** ["US Supreme Court blocks Biden's workplace vaccine mandate"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59989476). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022. | [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Template:COVID-19 pandemic") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic")[COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") | | |---|---| | **[COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19")** (disease) **[SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2")** (virus) | | | [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | | | | [Pre-pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS "SARS") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS "MERS") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Disease X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_X "Disease X") [Exercise Cygnus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus "Exercise Cygnus") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") | | 2020 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") | | 2021 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") | | 2022 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") | | 2023 | [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") | | [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") | | | | | | [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")([national responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")) | | | | | | Northern | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya "COVID-19 pandemic in Libya") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia "COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia") [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic") | | Eastern | [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi "COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea "COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia "COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya "COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar "COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda "COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles "COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia "COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia") [Puntland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland "COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland") [Somaliland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland "COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda "COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda") | | Southern | [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola "COVID-19 pandemic in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana "COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho "COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi "COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique "COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia "COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") [list of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa "List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia "COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe") | | Central | [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad "COVID-19 pandemic in Chad") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon "COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe "COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe") | | Western | [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea") [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana "COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana") timeline 2020 [March–July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$March%E2%80%93July_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)") [August–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$August%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") impact [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast "COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia "COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali "COVID-19 pandemic in Mali") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger "COVID-19 pandemic in Niger") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal "COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone "COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo "COVID-19 pandemic in Togo") | | [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") | | | | | | Central/North | [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") impact [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan") | | East | | | | | | [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau "COVID-19 pandemic in Macau") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan") [respirator diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") | | | [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") | [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China "COVID-19 lockdown in China") [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing "COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics") [Heilongjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang") [Henan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan "COVID-19 pandemic in Henan") [Hubei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei "COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei") [Inner Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia") [Liaoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning "COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning") [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai "COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai") [2022 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak "2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak") [Sichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan") [Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet "COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet") [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang") | | [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") | | | | | | [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives "COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal "COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka") | | | [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "COVID-19 pandemic in India") | | | | | | [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India "COVID-19 lockdown in India") [migrant workers' crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") timeline 2020 [January–May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$January%E2%80%93May_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)") [June–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$June%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)") [union government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") [state government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Vaccine Maitri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri "Vaccine Maitri") | | | By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands") [Andhra Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh") [Arunachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh") [Assam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam "COVID-19 pandemic in Assam") [Bihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar "COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar") [Chandigarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh") [Chhattisgarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu "COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu") [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi "COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi") [Goa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa "COVID-19 pandemic in Goa") [Gujarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat "COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat") [Haryana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana "COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana") [Himachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh") [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir") [Jharkhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand") [Karnataka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka "COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka") [Kerala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [Ladakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh "COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh") [Lakshadweep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep "COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep") [Madhya Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh") [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra "COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra") [Manipur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur "COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur") [Meghalaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya "COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya") [Mizoram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram "COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram") [Nagaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland "COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland") [Odisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha "COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha") [Puducherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry "COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry") [Punjab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India "COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India") [Rajasthan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan "COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan") [Sikkim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim "COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim") [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu") [Telangana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana "COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana") [Tripura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura "COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura") [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh") [Uttarakhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand") [West Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal "COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal") | | [Southeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia") | | | | | | [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei "COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia "COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia") timeline [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)") [social restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions "Indonesia large-scale social restrictions") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement "Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos "COVID-19 pandemic in Laos") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar "COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)") [circuit breaker response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures "2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste "COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") | impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Aid and relief efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [movement control order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order "Malaysian movement control order") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [Johor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor "COVID-19 pandemic in Johor") [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur") [Sabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah "COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak "COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak") [Selangor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor "COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor") | | [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [community quarantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon "Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Bangsamoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro") [Bicol Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region") [Cagayan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley "COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley") [Calabarzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon") [Caraga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga "COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga") [Central Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon") [Central Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas") [Cordillera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region") [Davao Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region") [Eastern Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas") [Ilocos Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region") [Metro Manila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila "COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila") [Mimaropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa "COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa") [Northern Mindanao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao") [Soccsksargen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen "COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen") [Western Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula "COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula") [Overseas Filipinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | West | [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain "COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_$country$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)") [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia "COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia") [South Ossetia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran "COVID-19 pandemic in Iran") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq "COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq") [Kurdistan Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel "COVID-19 pandemic in Israel") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan "COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon "COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman "COVID-19 pandemic in Oman") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine "COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar "COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria "COVID-19 pandemic in Syria") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen "COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen") | | [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") | | | | | | [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") | | | | | | [history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)") [January–June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)") [July–December 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)") [January–June 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)") [July–December 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") [Operation Rescript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rescript "Operation Rescript") [contracts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom "Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom") impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") | | | By location | [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England "COVID-19 pandemic in England") timeline 2020 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London "COVID-19 pandemic in London") [local lockdown regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England "COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England") [first tier regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England "First COVID-19 tier regulations in England") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland "COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in Wales") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies "COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man "COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey "COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey") [Overseas territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia "COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar "COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar") | | Eastern | [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus "COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova "COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova") [Gagauzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia "COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia") [Transnistria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria "COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") [government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine") [Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea "COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea") [Sevastopol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol "COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol") | | Western Balkans | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania "COVID-19 pandemic in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo "COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro "COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") | | [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria "COVID-19 pandemic in Austria") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium "COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark "COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia "COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland "COVID-19 pandemic in Finland") [Åland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land "COVID-19 pandemic in Åland") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France "COVID-19 pandemic in France") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy "COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany "COVID-19 pandemic in Germany") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece "COVID-19 pandemic in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary "COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy "COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia "COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania "COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg "COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta "COVID-19 pandemic in Malta") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland "COVID-19 pandemic in Poland") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal "COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias "COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Community of Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid "COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden "COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Gloria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gloria "Operation Gloria") | | EFTA countries | [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland "COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein "COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway "COVID-19 pandemic in Norway") [Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard "COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland") | | Microstates | [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra "COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco "COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino "COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City "COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City") | | [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") | | | | | | Atlantic | [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland "COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon") | | Canada | [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [federal aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [military response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Laser "Operation Laser") [Atlantic Bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble "Atlantic Bubble") [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") [Nunavut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut "COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)") [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa "COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa") [Peel Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel") [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto "COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto") [York Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York") [Provincial government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal "COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal") [boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") | | Caribbean | | | | | | Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados "COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica "COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada "COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti "COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica "COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") | | [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") | [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat "COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") | | | | | [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba "COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao "COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten") | | | Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire "COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba "COVID-19 pandemic in Saba") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius") | | French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") | | US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") | | Central America | [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize "COVID-19 pandemic in Belize") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica "COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador "COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala "COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras "COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua "COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama "COVID-19 pandemic in Panama") | | [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | | | | | | [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") | | | [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [state and local governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") | | By location | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_$U.S._state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") | | [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") | | | | | | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji "COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia "COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati "COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru "COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia "COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue "COVID-19 pandemic in Niue") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau "COVID-19 pandemic in Palau") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea") [Bougainville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville "COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville") [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands") [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga "COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu "COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu") [Wallis and Futuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna "COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna") | | | [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)") 2021 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$January%E2%80%93June_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$July%E2%80%93December_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)") [Australian Capital Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory") [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_$Keeling$_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands") [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island") [Northern Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory") [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland "COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland") [South Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia") [Tasmania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania") [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria "COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria") [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia") | | [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Alert levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand") [Traffic light system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework "COVID-19 Protection Framework") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [managed isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand") | | [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia "COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador "COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana "COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [Cusco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco "COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname "COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela "COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela") | | Others | [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [*Diamond Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [*Grand Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle "COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") | | [Impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | | | | Culture and entertainment | | | | | | [Arts and cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") | [References in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Corona-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-chan "Corona-chan") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Music industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [U.S. sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") | | [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") | | | | | | [Female education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Homeschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | By country | [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") [exam grading controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy "2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") | | [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") | | | | | | [Bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") | | | By country | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports") | | By sport | [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [NBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season "Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") | | Society and rights | | | | | | [Social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 "Social stigma associated with COVID-19") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children") [foster care in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Pandemic baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_baking "Pandemic baking") | | Labor | [Healthcare workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Great Resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Resignation "Great Resignation") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "2021 Myanmar coup d'état") | | Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [U.S. immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") | | Minority | [Gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBT community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community") [African communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers") [Disability community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") | | [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") | [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") | | [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | | | | [Charitable activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID-19 scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_scams "COVID-19 scams") [Travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | By country | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment "COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [U.K.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | | By industry | [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport") [Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Cannabis industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [meat industry in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada") [meat industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [ICU capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity") [Long-term care facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Mink farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Public transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") | | Supply and trade | [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Chip supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage "2020–2023 global chip shortage") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis "2021–2023 global energy crisis") [Global supply chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis "2021–2023 global supply chain crisis") [Oil price war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war "2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Global stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge "2021–2022 inflation surge") | | Information | | | | | | [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Wikipedia's response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") | [Governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") *[Plandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plandemic "Plandemic")* | | [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | | | | [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation "List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 "List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | [Political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") | | [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest "2021 Abkhazia unrest") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17A "17A") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia "COVID-19 protests in Australia") [Convoy to Canberra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra "Convoy to Canberra") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests "2020 Azerbaijani protests") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests "2020–2021 Belarusian protests") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests "2022 Brussels protests") [2020 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests "2020 Brazilian protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests "2021 Brazilian protests") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada "COVID-19 protests in Canada") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest "Canada convoy protest") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests "2019–2022 Chilean protests") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China "2022 COVID-19 protests in China") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest "2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest") [healthcare reform protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests "2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests "2021 Colombian protests") [2022 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests "2022 Colombian protests") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests "2021 Cuban protests") [Yellow vests protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests "Yellow vests protests") [labor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests "2021 French labor protests") [French West Indies social unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies "2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_convoy_protest "France convoy protest") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany "COVID-19 protests in Germany") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting "2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Greek_protests "2021 Greek protests") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel "COVID-19 protests in Israel") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu "2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy "Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests "2021 Mongolian protests") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands") [curfew riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots "2021 Dutch curfew riots") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 protests in New Zealand") [Wellington protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests "2021 Paraguayan protests") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests "2020–2022 Serbian protests") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests "2021 Tunisian protests") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") | | [International relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") | [Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") [Vaccine diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy "Vaccine diplomacy") | | [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Anthropause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropause "Anthropause") [Doomscrolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomscrolling "Doomscrolling") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Green recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_recovery "Green recovery") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing") [Superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event") [Twindemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindemic "Twindemic") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "Zoom (software)") [Zoom towns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") | | Others | [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Pregnant women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") | | Health issues | | | | | | Medical topics | [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19 "Transmission of COVID-19") [Symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") [Cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer "COVID-19 and cancer") [Endemic COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19 "Endemic COVID-19") [Skin manifestations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Rehabilitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 "Rehabilitation after COVID-19") [Unproven medical methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") | | Testing and epidemiology | | | | | | [Datasets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_datasets "COVID-19 datasets") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Operation Moonshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Moonshot "Operation Moonshot") [Test to Release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_to_Release "Test to Release") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium "UK Rapid Test Consortium") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test "AbC-19 rapid antibody test") [investigations into the origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 "Investigations into the origin of COVID-19") [lab leak theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Rapid antigen test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test "COVID-19 rapid antigen test") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance "COVID-19 surveillance") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") | | | [Apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") | [Aarogya Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarogya_Setu "Aarogya Setu") [BlueTrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueTrace "BlueTrace") [careFIJI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CareFIJI "CareFIJI") [Coronavirus Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia "Coronavirus Australia") [Corona-Warn-App](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-Warn-App "Corona-Warn-App") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application") [COVID Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Alert "COVID Alert") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIDSafe "COVIDSafe") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland "COVID Tracker Ireland") [Covid Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Watch "Covid Watch") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing "Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing") [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") [Health Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Code "Health Code") [Healthy Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_Together "Healthy Together") [Immuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuni "Immuni") [Koronavilkku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavilkku "Koronavilkku") [LeaveHomeSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe "LeaveHomeSafe") [MySejahtera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySejahtera "MySejahtera") [NHS COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_COVID-19 "NHS COVID-19") [NZ COVID Tracer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer "NZ COVID Tracer") [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") [PathCheck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathCheck "PathCheck") [PeduliLindungi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeduliLindungi "PeduliLindungi") [SafeEntry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafeEntry "SafeEntry") [SafePass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafePass "SafePass") [StaySafe.ph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StaySafe.ph "StaySafe.ph") [SwissCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwissCovid "SwissCovid") [TCN Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN_Protocol "TCN Protocol") [Test, Trace, Protect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect "Test, Trace, Protect") [Thai Chana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chana "Thai Chana") [TousAntiCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TousAntiCovid "TousAntiCovid") [TraceTogether](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceTogether "TraceTogether") [Valtrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtrace "Valtrace") [Zoe Health Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study "Zoe Health Study") | | Prevention | [Air purifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier "Air purifier") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box "Corsi–Rosenthal Box")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Anti-mask sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment "Anti-mask sentiment") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Great Barrington Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration "Great Barrington Declaration") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Safe Hands Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge "Safe Hands Challenge") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Workplace hazard controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 "Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") | | [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") | | | | | | Topics | [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Clinical research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [EU Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 "Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic") | | Authorized | | | | | | [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") | [ZyCoV-D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyCoV-D "ZyCoV-D") | | [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine") [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [COVIran Barekat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIran_Barekat "COVIran Barekat") [CoviVac (Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoviVac_$Russia_COVID-19_vaccine$ "CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)") [FAKHRAVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAKHRAVAC "FAKHRAVAC") [Minhai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine "Minhai COVID-19 vaccine") [QazCovid-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QazCovid-in "QazCovid-in") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm WIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Turkovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkovac "Turkovac") [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine") | | [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") | [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") | | [Subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") | [Abdala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdala_$vaccine$ "Abdala (vaccine)") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19 "COVAX-19") [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona") [IndoVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoVac "IndoVac") [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Noora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noora_$vaccine$ "Noora (vaccine)") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Razi Cov Pars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars "Razi Cov Pars") [Sinopharm CNBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine") [Soberana 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_02 "Soberana 02") [Soberana Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_Plus "Soberana Plus") [ZF2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") (Zifivax) | | [Viral vector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine "Viral vector vaccine") | [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Light "Sputnik Light") | | [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [CoVLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoVLP "CoVLP") | | In trials | | | | | | [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVI-VAC_$U.S._COVID-19_vaccine$ "COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)") | | DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 "AG0302-COVID‑19") [GX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GX-19 "GX-19") [Inovio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine "Inovio COVID-19 vaccine") | | Inactivated | [KD-414](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KD-414 "KD-414") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") | | RNA | [ARCT-021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-021 "ARCT-021") [ARCT-154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-154 "ARCT-154") [Bangavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangavax "Bangavax") [CureVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine "CureVac COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [HGC019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGC019 "HGC019") [mRNA-1283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA-1283 "MRNA-1283") [PTX-COVID19-B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B "PTX-COVID19-B") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine "Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine") [Walvax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine "Walvax COVID-19 vaccine") | | Subunit | [202-CoV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/202-CoV "202-CoV") [AKS-452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS-452 "AKS-452") [EuCorVac-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuCorVac-19 "EuCorVac-19") [IVX-411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVX-411 "IVX-411") [Nanocovax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocovax "Nanocovax") [ReCOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReCOV "ReCOV") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine") [S-268019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-268019 "S-268019") [SCB-2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCB-2019 "SCB-2019") [SCTV01C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTV01C "SCTV01C") [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione") [UB-612](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB-612 "UB-612") [V-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-01 "V-01") [V451](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V451_vaccine "V451 vaccine") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine "Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine") [West China Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine "West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") | | Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19 "AdCLD-CoV19") [BriLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife "BriLife") [COH04S1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COH04S1 "COH04S1") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT "DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT") [GRAd-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAd-COV2 "GRAd-COV2") [ImmunityBio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine "ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine") [iNCOVACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCOVACC "INCOVACC") [INNA-051](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INNA-051 "INNA-051") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine "Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine") | | [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [ABNCoV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNCoV2 "ABNCoV2") [LYB001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYB001 "LYB001") [MigVax-101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MigVax-101 "MigVax-101") [VBI-2902](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI-2902 "VBI-2902") | | [Deployment by location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") | | | | | | [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in Africa") | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola "COVID-19 vaccination in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana "COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi "COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad "COVID-19 vaccination in Chad") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt "COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana "COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco "COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal "COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe") | | Asia | [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan") [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran "COVID-19 vaccination in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal "COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey "COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam") | | Europe | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania "COVID-19 vaccination in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia "COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece "COVID-19 vaccination in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary "COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland "COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova "COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway "COVID-19 vaccination in Norway") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal "COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania "COVID-19 vaccination in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain "COVID-19 vaccination in Spain") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden "COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom") | | North America | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec "COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti "COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates]() | | Oceania | [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia "COVID-19 vaccination in Australia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji "COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand") | | South America | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina "COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia "COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru "COVID-19 vaccination in Peru") | | Others | | | [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 "Treatment and management of COVID-19") | | | | | | [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Baricitinib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib "Baricitinib") [PANORAMIC trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial "PANORAMIC trial") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial "RECOVERY Trial") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial "Solidarity trial") (WHO) | | | [Monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody "Monoclonal antibody") | [Bamlanivimab/etesevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab "Bamlanivimab/etesevimab") [Bamlanivimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab "Bamlanivimab") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebtelovimab "Bebtelovimab") [Casirivimab/imdevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab "Casirivimab/imdevimab") [Regdanvimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regdanvimab "Regdanvimab") [Sarilumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab "Sarilumab") [Sotrovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrovimab "Sotrovimab") [Tixagevimab/cilgavimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab "Tixagevimab/cilgavimab") [Tocilizumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab "Tocilizumab") | | [Small molecule antivirals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug "Antiviral drug") | [Broad-spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug "Broad-spectrum antiviral drug") [Ensitrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensitrelvir "Ensitrelvir") [Molnupiravir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir "Molnupiravir") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir "Nirmatrelvir") [ritonavir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir") | | [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") | | | | | | Specific | [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") | | General | [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") [Variant of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") | | Institutions | | | | | | Hospitals and medical clinics | | | | | | Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan "Central Hospital of Wuhan") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre "Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre") [Fangcang hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangcang_hospital "Fangcang hospital") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital "Huoshenshan Hospital") [Leishenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital "Leishenshan Hospital") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel "Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital "Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital") | | Others | [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [Garran Surge Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre "Garran Surge Centre") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador "Hospital El Salvador") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village "Kemayoran Athletes Village") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital "Pyongyang General Hospital") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang "Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers "Mega Ligtas COVID Centers") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre "Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital "Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital "Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham "NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London "NHS Nightingale Hospital London") [North East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East "NHS Nightingale Hospital North East") [North West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West "NHS Nightingale Hospital North West") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber "NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan "NHS Louisa Jordan") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital "Dragon's Heart Hospital") (Wales) | | Organizations | | | | | | [National Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cabinet_$Australia$ "National Cabinet (Australia)") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceUpFirst "ScienceUpFirst") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology "Wuhan Institute of Virology") (China) [Independent SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_SAGE "Independent SAGE") (United Kingdom) | | | Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_$Hong_Kong$ "Department of Health (Hong Kong)") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases "National Institute for Communicable Diseases") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control "Taiwan Centers for Disease Control") (Taiwan) | | Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force "COVID-19 Immunity Task Force") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council "COVID-19 Supply Council") (Canada) [PREPARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPARE "PREPARE") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 "National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force "COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_$2020$ "National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre "Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee "Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases "Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center "Central Epidemic Command Center") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board "Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium "COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team "Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre "Joint Biosecurity Centre") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce "Vaccine Taskforce") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team") (United States) [GACH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GACH "GACH") (Uruguay) | | Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") (India) [Artist Relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_Relief "Artist Relief") (United States) | | People | | | | | | Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Fen "Ai Fen") [Corona Rintawan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Rintawan "Corona Rintawan") [Li Wenliang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang "Li Wenliang") [Liu Wen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Wen_$doctor$ "Liu Wen (doctor)") [Xie Linka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Linka "Xie Linka") [Zhang Wenhong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong "Zhang Wenhong") | | [Researchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers "Category:Coronavirus researchers") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud "Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud") [Roberto Burioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Burioni "Roberto Burioni") [Chen Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Wei_$medical_scientist$ "Chen Wei (medical scientist)") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Andrea Crisanti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_$scientist$ "Andrea Crisanti (scientist)") [Peter Daszak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak "Peter Daszak") [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") [Neil Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_$epidemiologist$ "Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)") [Dale Fisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Fisher "Dale Fisher") [George F. Gao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Gao "George F. Gao") [Azra Ghani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra_Ghani "Azra Ghani") [Sarah Gilbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert "Sarah Gilbert") [Guan Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Yi "Guan Yi") [Kentaro Iwata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata "Kentaro Iwata") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Matt Keeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Keeling "Matt Keeling") [Trudie Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Lang "Trudie Lang") [Li Lanjuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Lanjuan "Li Lanjuan") [W. Ian Lipkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin "W. Ian Lipkin") [Ma Xiaowei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei "Ma Xiaowei") [Shabir Madhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabir_Madhi "Shabir Madhi") [Allison McGeer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_McGeer "Allison McGeer") [Camilla Rothe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Rothe "Camilla Rothe") [Shi Zhengli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli "Shi Zhengli") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Mike Tildesley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tildesley "Mike Tildesley") [John Todd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Todd_$British_biologist$ "John Todd (British biologist)") [Wang Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chen_$physician$ "Wang Chen (physician)") [Wang Guangfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Guangfa "Wang Guangfa") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung "Yuen Kwok-yung") [Zeng Guang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_Guang "Zeng Guang") [Zhang Jixian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Jixian "Zhang Jixian") [Zhang Yongzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen "Zhang Yongzhen") [Zhong Nanshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan "Zhong Nanshan") | | Officials | | | | | | WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus "Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Aylward "Bruce Aylward") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove "Maria Van Kerkhove") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_$doctor$ "Michael J. Ryan (doctor)") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) | | By location | [Frank Atherton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton "Frank Atherton") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield "Ashley Bloomfield") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood "Catherine Calderwood") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen "Chang Shan-chwen") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung "Chen Shih-chung") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching "Chuang Yin-ching") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Costache "Victor Costache") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio "Fabrizio Curcio") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Deseda "Carmen Deseda") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel "Jaap van Dissel") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III "Francisco Duque III") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo "Francesco Paolo Figliuolo") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas "Graça Freitas") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo "Henrique Gouveia e Melo") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Hancock "Matt Hancock") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Hasan "Hamad Hasan") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Hunt "Greg Hunt") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Holohan "Tony Holohan") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong "Jeong Eun-kyeong") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca "Fahrettin Koca") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Keqiang "Li Keqiang") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez "Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_$doctor$ "Michael McBride (doctor)") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 "Oriol Mitjà") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize "Zweli Mkhize") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_Monardo "Doni Monardo") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller "Alma Möller") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Namaki "Saeed Namaki") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco "Ala Nemerenco") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long "Nguyễn Thanh Long") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah "Noor Hisham Abdullah") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pilli "Ali Pilli") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Salinas "Daniel Salinas") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon "Jérôme Salomon") (France) [Fernando Simón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n "Fernando Simón") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith "Gregor Smith") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Ih-jen "Su Ih-jen") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski "Łukasz Szumowski") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Tam "Theresa Tam") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Tegnell "Anders Tegnell") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason "Þórólfur Guðnason") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras "Sotiris Tsiodras") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_$Delhi_politician$ "Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson "Víðir Reynisson") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti "Carla Vizzotti") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu "Vlad Voiculescu") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty "Chris Whitty") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") (United States) | | Others | [Chen Qiushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Qiushi "Chen Qiushi") [Brett Crozier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Crozier "Brett Crozier") [Fang Bin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Bin "Fang Bin") [Fang Fang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Fang "Fang Fang") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond "Joseph Ashitey Hammond") [Li Zehua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zehua "Li Zehua") [Captain Tom Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore "Captain Tom Moore") [Qiu Menghuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang "Qiu Menghuang") [Ren Zhiqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang "Ren Zhiqiang") | | [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") | | | Data (templates) | | | | | | Global | WHO situation reports [cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") | | Asia | [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart") [by division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary") China [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart") [confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_$dots$ "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Timor-Leste_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Timor-Leste medical cases chart") Egypt [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart") [Kuwait cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart") [charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") Myanmar [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart") [areas of quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [vaccinations chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart") [vaccinations charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts "Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart") [vaccination charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts "Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart") [Thailand cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart") [statistics charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart") | | [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | | |---|---| | Timeline [early cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_early_cases_of_COVID-19_in_the_United_States "List of early cases of COVID-19 in the United States") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [Testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 testing in the United States") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates]() [misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") | | | Locations | | | | | | States and D.C. | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_$U.S._state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") | | Territories and other areas | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") | | Ships | *[Grand Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess")* [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") | | [Responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | | | | | | Government response | | | | | | Pre-pandemic exercises [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Event 201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201 "Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security") [Federal government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan "Biden administration COVID-19 action plan") [State and local government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") state responses [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") Regional responses [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") [Eviction moratoriums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States") [House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Coronavirus_Pandemic "United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic") [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [USNS *Mercy*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Mercy "USNS Mercy") [USNS *Comfort*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Comfort "USNS Comfort") [2020 Oval Office address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address "2020 Oval Office address") [Paycheck Protection Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program "Paycheck Protection Program") [Pandemic Response Accountability Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_Response_Accountability_Committee "Pandemic Response Accountability Committee") [Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Pandemic_Recovery "Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery") [COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Congressional_Oversight_Commission "COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission") | | | Legislation | [Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020 "Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020") [Families First Coronavirus Response Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act "Families First Coronavirus Response Act") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act "Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act") [HEROES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEROES_Act "HEROES Act") [HEALS Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEALS_Act "HEALS Act") [American Rescue Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021 "American Rescue Plan Act of 2021") | | Private response | | | | | | [Center for COVID Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_COVID_Control "Center for COVID Control") [Covid Act Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Act_Now "Covid Act Now") [COVID Tracking Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracking_Project "COVID Tracking Project") [MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund "MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund") | | | Media | *[30 Rock: A One-Time Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_Rock:_A_One-Time_Special "30 Rock: A One-Time Special")* *[Acting for a Cause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_for_a_Cause "Acting for a Cause")* *[Digital Drag Fest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Drag_Fest "Digital Drag Fest")* *[Home Movie: The Princess Bride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Movie:_The_Princess_Bride "Home Movie: The Princess Bride")* *[iHeart Living Room Concert for America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America "IHeart Living Room Concert for America")* *[Make It Work\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_It_Work! "Make It Work!")* *[Saturday Night Seder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Seder "Saturday Night Seder")* *[Saturday Night Live at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_at_Home "Saturday Night Live at Home")* *[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street:_Elmo%27s_Playdate "Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate")* *[The Disney Family Singalong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong "The Disney Family Singalong")* *[Volume II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong:_Volume_II "The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II")* *[Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration "Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration")* *[Together at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Together_at_Home "Together at Home")* *[Saving Our Selves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving_Our_Selves "Saving Our Selves")* *[A Parks and Recreation Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Parks_and_Recreation_Special "A Parks and Recreation Special")* *[Rise Up New York\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_Up_New_York! "Rise Up New York!")* "[U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss "U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss")" *[Dear Class of 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Class_of_2020 "Dear Class of 2020")* *[\#Graduation2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduation2020 "Graduation2020")* *[Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Together:_America_Honors_the_High_School_Class_of_2020 "Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020")* *[We Are One: A Global Film Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_One:_A_Global_Film_Festival "We Are One: A Global Film Festival")* *[Global Goal: Unite for Our Future](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Goal:_Unite_for_Our_Future "Global Goal: Unite for Our Future")* *[A Killer Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Killer_Party "A Killer Party")* *[The Disney Holiday Singalong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Holiday_Singalong "The Disney Holiday Singalong")* *[WrestleMania 36](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_36 "WrestleMania 36")* *[Ratatouille the Musical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratatouille_the_Musical "Ratatouille the Musical")* [Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Kidman_AMC_Theatres_commercial "Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial") [93rd Academy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards "93rd Academy Awards") [74th Tony Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/74th_Tony_Awards "74th Tony Awards") *[Stars in the House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_in_the_House "Stars in the House")* | | Impacts | | | | | | [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Effects_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "2020 United States presidential election") [postal voting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections "Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") [Abortion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Congressional insider trading scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_congressional_insider_trading_scandal "2020 congressional insider trading scandal") [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Foster care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Microsoft Teams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Teams "Microsoft Teams") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") [George Floyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [Election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020–21 United States election protests") [United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Racial disparities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [African-American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_diaspora "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African diaspora") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#Sports "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications") [2022–2023 pediatric care crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_pediatric_care_crisis "2022–2023 pediatric care crisis") | | [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | | | | | | [Meat industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [Recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Restaurant industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") | | | [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Alabama aluminum plant strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Alabama_aluminum_plant_strike "2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike") [Allegheny Technologies strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike "2021 Allegheny Technologies strike") [Bath shipbuilders' strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike "2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike") [Columbia University strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Columbia_University_strike "2021–2022 Columbia University strike") [Frito-Lay strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike "2021 Frito-Lay strike") [HarperCollins strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike "2022–2023 HarperCollins strike") [Heaven Hill strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike "2021 Heaven Hill strike") [Hunts Point Produce Market strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Hunts_Point_Produce_Market_strike "2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike") [John Deere strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike "2021 John Deere strike") [Kellogg's strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike "2021 Kellogg's strike") [Mercy Hospital strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mercy_Hospital_strike "2021 Mercy Hospital strike") [Michigan graduate students' strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike "2020 Michigan graduate students' strike") [Nabisco strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Nabisco_strike "2021 Nabisco strike") [Oregon Tech strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Oregon_Tech_strike "2021 Oregon Tech strike") [Saint Vincent Hospital strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Saint_Vincent_Hospital_strike "2021–2022 Saint Vincent Hospital strike") [St. Charles Bend strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike "2021 St. Charles Bend strike") [St. Paul Park refinery strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike "2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike") [University of Illinois Hospital strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_University_of_Illinois_Hospital_strikes "2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes") [Virginia Volvo Trucks strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike "2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike") [Warrior Met Coal strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_Warrior_Met_Coal_strike "2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike") | | Notable people | | | | | | Federal | [Jerome Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Adams "Jerome Adams") [Scott Atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Atlas "Scott Atlas") [Alex Azar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Azar "Alex Azar") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") [Deborah Birx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Birx "Deborah Birx") [Rick Bright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Bright "Rick Bright") [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") [Pete Gaynor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Gaynor "Pete Gaynor") [Brett Giroir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Giroir "Brett Giroir") [Stephen Hahn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hahn "Stephen Hahn") [Ashish Jha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashish_Jha "Ashish Jha") [Ron Klain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Klain "Ron Klain") [Nancy Messonnier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Messonnier "Nancy Messonnier") [Vivek Murthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek_Murthy "Vivek Murthy") [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro") [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") [Gustave F. Perna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_F._Perna "Gustave F. Perna") [Robert R. Redfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield "Robert R. Redfield") [Todd T. Semonite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_T._Semonite "Todd T. Semonite") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Andy Slavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Slavitt "Andy Slavitt") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Rochelle Walensky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky "Rochelle Walensky") [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") | | State and local | [Amy Acton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Acton "Amy Acton") [Eric Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Adams "Eric Adams") [Greg Abbott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Abbott "Greg Abbott") [Kate Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Brown "Kate Brown") [Andrew Cuomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo "Andrew Cuomo") [Dave A. Chokshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_A._Chokshi "Dave A. Chokshi") [Bill de Blasio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio "Bill de Blasio") [Ron DeSantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis "Ron DeSantis") [Mike DeWine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_DeWine "Mike DeWine") [Eric Garcetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Garcetti "Eric Garcetti") [Kathy Hochul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Hochul "Kathy Hochul") [Larry Hogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hogan "Larry Hogan") [Jay Inslee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Inslee "Jay Inslee") [Jim Kenney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Kenney "Jim Kenney") [Brian Kemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kemp "Brian Kemp") [Ned Lamont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned_Lamont "Ned Lamont") [Lori Lightfoot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Lightfoot "Lori Lightfoot") [Phil Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Murphy "Phil Murphy") [Gavin Newsom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Newsom "Gavin Newsom") [J. B. Pritzker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._Pritzker "J. B. Pritzker") [Gretchen Whitmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer "Gretchen Whitmer") [Tom Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wolf "Tom Wolf") | | Scientists | [Yaneer Bar-Yam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaneer_Bar-Yam "Yaneer Bar-Yam") [Carl Bergstrom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Bergstrom "Carl Bergstrom") [Mandy Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy_Cohen "Mandy Cohen") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Natalie Dean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Dean "Natalie Dean") [Eric Feigl-Ding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Feigl-Ding "Eric Feigl-Ding") [Céline Gounder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Gounder "Céline Gounder") [Scott Gottlieb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb "Scott Gottlieb") [Peter Hotez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hotez "Peter Hotez") [Akiko Iwasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiko_Iwasaki "Akiko Iwasaki") [Ashish Jha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashish_Jha "Ashish Jha") [Marc Lipsitch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lipsitch "Marc Lipsitch") [Syra Madad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syra_Madad "Syra Madad") [Lauren Meyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Meyers "Lauren Meyers") [Michael Mina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Mina_$epidemiologist$ "Michael Mina (epidemiologist)") [Michael Osterholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Osterholm "Michael Osterholm") [Kimberly Prather](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Prather "Kimberly Prather") [Caitlin Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caitlin_Rivers "Caitlin Rivers") | | **[![virus icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_$Wikimedia_colors$.svg) [COVID-19 portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19")** | | | [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:North_America_topic "Template:North America topic") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic "Template talk:North America topic") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic "Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic")COVID-19 vaccination mandates in North America | | |---|---| | Sovereign states | [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Bahamas (page does not exist)") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Barbados (page does not exist)") [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Belize (page does not exist)") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Canada") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Costa Rica (page does not exist)") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Cuba (page does not exist)") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Dominica (page does not exist)") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in El Salvador (page does not exist)") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Grenada (page does not exist)") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Guatemala (page does not exist)") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Haiti (page does not exist)") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Honduras (page does not exist)") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Jamaica (page does not exist)") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Mexico (page does not exist)") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Nicaragua (page does not exist)") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Panama (page does not exist)") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)") [United States]() | | Dependencies and other territories | [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Anguilla (page does not exist)") [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Aruba (page does not exist)") [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Bermuda (page does not exist)") [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Bonaire (page does not exist)") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Curaçao (page does not exist)") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Greenland (page does not exist)") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Martinique (page does not exist)") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Montserrat (page does not exist)") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Saba_$island$&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Saba (island) (page does not exist)") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)") [United States Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)") | ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States&oldid=1303853479>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Category:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") - [COVID-19 vaccination in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "Category:COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") - [2021 in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2021_in_the_United_States "Category:2021 in the United States") Hidden categories: - [Articles with short description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description") - [Short description is different 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[![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png/500px-USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png) [United States COVID-19 vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States"). Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See [Commons source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA._Percent_of_people_receiving_at_least_one_COVID-19_dose_reported_to_the_CDC_by_state_or_territory_for_the_total_population.png "File:USA. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 dose reported to the CDC by state or territory for the total population.png") for date of last upload. [US territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States "Territories of the United States"): GU = [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam"). AS = [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa "American Samoa"). RP = [Republic of Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Palau "Republic of Palau"). FM = [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia "Federated States of Micronesia"). MP = [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands "Northern Mariana Islands"). MH = [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands "Marshall Islands"). VI = [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands "Virgin Islands").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-US-map-1) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png/500px-US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png) Percent of people of all ages who received all doses prescribed by the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol. Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended too.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CDC-vax-map-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Mayo-map-3) See [Commons source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_map._Percent_of_total_population_of_all_ages_by_state_or_territory_who_completed_the_COVID-19_vaccination_primary_series.png "commons:File:US map. Percent of total population of all ages by state or territory who completed the COVID-19 vaccination primary series.png") for date of last upload. Over the course of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), [COVID-19 vaccine mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates "COVID-19 vaccine mandates") have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate [COVID-19 vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld. All federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates. Background A precedent for mandatory vaccination already existed before the Covid pandemic, as healthcare workers performing exposure-prone procedures were required to be vaccinated against seriously communicable diseases like Hepatitis B.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4) When acting as president-elect in December 2020, Biden said he did not intend to mandate that all citizens receive a COVID-19 vaccine, arguing that "I will do everything in my power as president to encourage people to do the right thing and when they do it, demonstrate that it matters." [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News") writer Anthony Zurcher felt that Biden avoided a general mandate due to the "stubbornly pervasive" anti-vaccine movement in the country, which "could create a groundswell of opposition that would prove counterproductive to public health."[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5) Furthermore, in April 2021, the Biden administration ruled out plans for a federal database, "credential", or "[passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic")" to verify COVID-19 vaccination status, citing [data privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_privacy "Information privacy") and discrimination concerns.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6) Worker and traveler mandates Private mandates As of July 2021, vaccination mandates have largely been enforced by means of employers, including private businesses and governmental divisions,[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8) while some private businesses such as restaurants and event promoters may also decline to serve customers if they do not present [proof of vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) In August 2021, several cities announced plans to require proof of vaccination for patrons of certain types of non-essential indoor venues.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) In some cases, provisions that are described as a vaccine mandate are officially termed as a constraint requiring those who are not fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 to undergo regular testing—thus allowing for medical or religious exemptions to be fulfilled when needed.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16) In June 2021, the initial [EUA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Use_Authorization "Emergency Use Authorization") status of the vaccines led to challenges as to whether such mandates were legal,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17) as FDA regulations state that a person must be informed "of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks". As these regulations refer to an "option to accept or refuse", some opponents of vaccination initially questioned whether a vaccine issued under EUA can be mandated as a [vaccination policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy "Vaccination policy").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-usa-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-19) However, courts addressing the issue uniformly held that such mandates were permissible, with the court in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University "Klaassen v. Indiana University")* in particular addressing this subject at length. In May 2021, the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission") (EEOC) issued guidance stating that employers can require their employees to be vaccinated, unless covered by an exemption under the [Americans with Disabilities Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act "Americans with Disabilities Act") (medical exemptions) or [Title VII of the Civil Rights Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act") (religious exemptions).[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-nytimes2-17)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21) By contrast, a presidential waiver would have been required for the U.S. military to mandate vaccination while still under EUA status.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:29-22) When the [Pfizer vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") formally received FDA approval in August 2021, it was anticipated that more organizations and employers would become willing to introduce vaccine mandates.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:28-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-24) In order to protect their employees and patrons, some businesses and entities may mandate that their on-site employees be vaccinated. Some employers were initially hesitant to impose vaccine requirements, citing concerns over their validity due to the present EUAs among other factors. A June 2021 survey of companies found that only 3% planned to implement a vaccine mandate.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-26) Some businesses may also voluntarily require that their customers or patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in order to receive service or access.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:24-9) However, by late-July 2021 due to the threat of Delta variant, a number of major private employers across many industries announced vaccination requirements for employees.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-27) Similar mandates were announced for California state employees,[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:8-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:13-15) and federal employees and contractors.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:14-7) Many U.S. colleges and universities, both public and privately owned, have started requiring students to be vaccinated before attending in-person classes in fall 2021. This has led to a black market in counterfeit CDC vaccination cards for students who want to violate this requirement instead of attending a different school.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28) The [National Football League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") made rule changes intended to place liabilities on players who are not vaccinated, including monetary fines for each individual violation of COVID-19 protocol, and making teams liable for games canceled due to COVID-19 outbreaks involving unvaccinated players if they cannot be made up during the regular season (which will count as a loss by [forfeit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forfeit_$sport$ "Forfeit (sport)"), and require the team to pay financial compensation to the opposing team).[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-30) In mid-August 2021, [Anschutz Entertainment Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group "Anschutz Entertainment Group") (AEG) and [Live Nation Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment "Live Nation Entertainment") both announced that they will mandate vaccination at their venues (where legally possible) in October 2021, with AEG requiring all attendees, staff and performers to be vaccinated with no exceptions effective October 1, and Live Nation requiring attendees to be vaccinated or have recently tested negative for COVID-19 effective October 4.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:26-11) Federal mandates In September 2021, Biden announced the [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan "Biden administration COVID-19 action plan"), a six-point plan of new measures to help control the pandemic, which included new executive orders and regulatory actions to effectively mandate vaccination for COVID-19 among a large swath of the American workforce. Executive orders were announced directing all federal agencies to mandate the vaccination of their employees (with exceptions as required by law, and no option for regular testing in lieu of vaccination)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) per guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, and all future government contracts to include a clause requiring compliance with guidance to be developed by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (likely to include a similar mandate).[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) The administration set a November 22, 2021 deadline for most federal employees to be fully vaccinated and a January 4, 2022 deadline for federal contractors to be vaccinated.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32) In September 2021, the employees of all federally-funded [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid") and [Medicare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_$United_States$ "Medicare (United States)")\-certified health care facilities, and [Head Start program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_Start_$program$ "Head Start (program)") facilities, were required to be vaccinated, as ordered through the [United States Department of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services") (HHS).[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:30-31) Companies with more than 100 employees could either require vaccination for all (and give their workers four hours' paid time off for their vaccination appointments); or require any unvaccinated employees to wear masks and be tested weekly for COVID-19, according to an [Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration "Occupational Safety and Health Administration") (OSHA) Emergency Temporary Standard.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36) These two policies together —federally-funded healthcare facilities and large companies— would apply to 100 million workers and were scheduled to take effect on January 4, 2022.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-32) By September 2021, many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37) Despite the network being specifically cited by Biden during his speech as a major employer with vaccine requirements, Fox News pundits criticized Biden; Sean Hannity described Biden as having "cancelled all medical freedom".[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39) The next day, Biden responded to the threats, stating "Have at it. Look, I am so disappointed that, particularly some of the Republican governors have been so cavalier with the health of these kids, so cavalier with the health of their communities. We're playing for real here, this isn't a game, and I don't know of any scientist out there in this field that doesn't think it makes considerable sense to do the six things I've suggested."[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40) In November 2021, the [Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals "Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals") stayed the mandate and ordered OSHA take no steps to implement or enforce the Emergency Temporary Standard.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41) The [United States Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court "United States Supreme Court") took up emergencies requests to determine if both the OSHA and healthcare facilities mandates can be enforced while litigation continued at lower courts, with oral arguments for both cases held on January 7, 2022.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-wapost_scotus_orals-42) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in *[National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration "National Federation of Independent Business v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration")* that OSHA did not have the authority to enforce the mandate to private companies while ruling in favor of the mandate for healthcare workers in *Biden v. Missouri*.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43) In the OSHA case, the court issued a *[per curiam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_curiam "Per curiam")* decision that stated that OSHA's mandate exceeded their congressional authority that only covered workplace hazards and not broad public ones, and that it should be left to Congress and the states to determine the response to pandemics like COVID-19. A dissenting minority opinion from Justices [Stephen Breyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Breyer "Stephen Breyer"), [Sonia Sotomayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor "Sonia Sotomayor"), and [Elena Kagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Kagan "Elena Kagan") states that OSHA is the best agency to determine how to protect workers and that courts should not impede OSHA's actions on occupational safety related to COVID-19.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) In the healthcare workers' mandate, the *per curiam* opinion found that this fell within the congressional authority given to the HHS in the use of Medicare and Medicaid funds as to further protect the patients they deal with, and vacated the stay on this mandate ordered by the Eighth Circuit. Both Justices [Clarence Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas "Clarence Thomas") and [Samuel Alito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Alito "Samuel Alito") wrote dissenting opinions, each joined by Justices [Neil Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch "Neil Gorsuch") and [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"). Both opinions stated that the mandate was too broad to likely apply to the limited congressional authority that HHS was given.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-44) On January 25, 2022, the White House officially withdrew the OSHA mandate after its defeat in the Supreme Court to focus on other options that may stand a better chance of surviving appeals.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45) In May 2023, the White House announced the lifting of vaccination mandates for government employees and contractors, and for international travelers to the United States.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46) List of current mandates Federal vaccine mandates Several federal vaccine mandates were suspended by courts or withdrawn by the administration during their pendency. All remaining mandates were withdrawn by the administration as of May 11, 2023. | Applicability | Scope | Authority | Ref. | |---|---|---|---| | Federal contractors | Requires U.S. Government contractors to be vaccinated by 18 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14042](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14042 "Executive Order 14042") | [\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47) | | Health care workers | Requires healthcare workers at any facility that receives funding from the [Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services "Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services") to be vaccinated by 4 January 2022, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination Rule | [\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) | | Private sector employees | Requires employees of businesses with 100 or more employees to be vaccinated by 6 January 2022 or undergo weekly testing. | OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccines and Testing | [\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49) | | Federal government employees | Requires federal government employees to be vaccinated by 22 November 2021, unless granted a medical or religious exception. | [Executive Order 14043](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14043 "Executive Order 14043") | [\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50) | | Military personnel | Requires military personnel to be vaccinated by various deadlines from November 2, 2021 (U.S. Air Force) to June 2022 (certain reserve components), unless granted a medical or religious exception. | Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense of 24 August 2021 | [\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51) | | Noncitizen air travelers | Requires noncitizens, with certain exceptions, traveling to the United States by airplane to be vaccinated by the date of entry. Exceptions include persons under age 18, airplane crews, diplomats, permanent residents, citizens of one of 43 nations with limited vaccine availability, persons issued exemptions due to humanitarian or national security reasons, vaccine trial participants, and those with documented medical contraindications to vaccination. | Presidential Proclamation of 25 October 2021 | [\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) | State and territorial vaccine mandates for workers Several states have enacted vaccine mandates for certain employees. | State | State government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/40px-Flag_of_California.svg.png) [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California "California") | Yes | Yes | Yes[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53) | | Yes (except for healthcare workers) | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png) [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine "Maine") | | Yes[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54) | | | No | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/40px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png) [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_$state$ "Washington (state)") | Yes[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55) | Yes | Yes[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png) [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii "Hawaii") | Yes | | | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/40px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png) [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware "Delaware") | Yes[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-57) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/40px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png) [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota") | Yes[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png) [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania") | Yes (if involved in healthcare settings)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59) | | | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png) [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") | Yes (in October, for executive branch employees)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60) | Yes[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | Yes[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-oregonteach-61) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png) [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_$state$ "New York (state)") | Yes (by September 6)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62) | Yes[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/40px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png) [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois "Illinois") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64) | | Yes[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65) | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png) [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico "New Mexico") | Yes[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png) [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont "Vermont") | Partial (for workers in high-contact settings)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png) [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland "Maryland") | Partial (for workers in corrections, veterans and healthcare settings)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68) | Yes[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/40px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png) [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") | Yes[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70) | Yes (by September 30)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png) [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam") | Partial (for executive branch workers)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72) | | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png) [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico "Puerto Rico") | Yes[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73) | Yes | Yes[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74) | Yes | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/20px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png) [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut "Connecticut") | Yes[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76) | Yes | | Yes | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png) [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island "Rhode Island") | | Yes[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png) [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts "Massachusetts") | Yes[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) | Partial (for nursing home workers)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png) [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") | | Yes[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80) | | | | | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png) [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") | Yes[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81) | Partial (State-owned health care agencies, correctional facilities)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82) | Yes | | Yes | County and municipal vaccine mandates for workers | City or county | State | City/county government workers | Health care workers | Educational workers | Hospitality workers | Testing alternative | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | [Tucson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson "Tucson") | Arizona | Yes[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83) | | | | Yes | | [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston "Boston") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84) | | | | Yes | | [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles "Los Angeles") | California | Yes[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85) | | | | Yes | | [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") | New York | Yes[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86) | | Yes[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87) | | Yes | | [San Diego](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego "San Diego") | California | Yes[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88) | | | | Yes | | [Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi "Jackson, Mississippi") | Mississippi | Yes[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89) | | | | Yes | | [Newark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey "Newark, New Jersey") | New Jersey | Yes[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90) | | | | Yes | | [Hoboken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey "Hoboken, New Jersey") | New Jersey | Yes[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91) | | | | Yes | | [Richmond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia "Richmond, Virginia") | Virginia | Yes[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92) | | | | Yes | | [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver") | Colorado | Yes[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93) | | | | Yes | | [Pasadena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California "Pasadena, California") | California | Yes[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94) | | | | Yes | | [New Bedford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts "New Bedford, Massachusetts") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95) | | | | Yes | | [San Jose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_California "San Jose, California") | California | Yes[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96) | | | | Yes | | [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") | Louisiana | Yes[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-97) | | | | Yes | | [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") | California | Yes[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98) | | | | Yes | | [Aquinnah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts "Aquinnah, Massachusetts") | Massachusetts | Yes[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) | | | | Yes | | [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") | Pennsylvania | Yes[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) | | | | | | [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon "Portland, Oregon") | Oregon | Yes (by September 10)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101) | | | | | | [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") | Washington | Yes[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) | | | | | | [King County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_County,_Washington "King County, Washington") | Washington | Yes[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-seattle-102) | | | | | | [Providence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island "Providence, Rhode Island") | Rhode Island | Yes[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) | | | | | | [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis") | Missouri | Yes[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) | | | | | | [Sacramento](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California "Sacramento, California") | California | Yes[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-105) | | | | | | [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") | Illinois | Yes[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) | | | | | Mandates for entry to private facilities [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg/500px-CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CDC_COVID-19_Vaccination_Record_Card.jpg) A COVID-19 vaccination record card issued by the CDC. Vaccination incentives were used in California and New York as part of their easing of restrictions in mid-2021; New York allowed seating sections of outdoor venues to operate at full capacity if they were exclusive to vaccinated attendees,[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:32-107) and California allowed venues to operate at a higher capacity than normally allowed under its *Blueprint for a Safer Economy* framework if all patrons present proof of vaccination or a recent negative test.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108) With the increased spread of Delta variant in the United States and to overcome [vaccine hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy "Vaccine hesitancy"), several major U.S. cities announced in August 2021 that individuals 12 and older would be required to present proof of vaccination in order to enter certain non-essential indoor businesses, such as gyms, dine-in restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues;[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) - On August 3, 2021, Mayor of [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") [Bill de Blasio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio "Bill de Blasio") announced that a vaccine mandate known as *Key to NYC Pass* would take effect August 16, with enforcement beginning September 13. Anyone 12 and older must present proof that they have received at least one vaccine dose (using either a physical record, the state Excelsior Pass app, or the city's NYC COVID Safe app) in order to enter indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:18-13)[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111) Ahead of the announcement, [The Broadway League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Broadway_League "The Broadway League"), [Carnegie Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hall "Carnegie Hall"), and the [Metropolitan Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera "Metropolitan Opera") had announced similar policies, with the latter two also prohibiting attendees younger than 12 from attending shows.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:25-10) - [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") announced a vaccine mandate on August 12, 2021, requiring the patrons of indoor bars, restaurants, and any entertainment venue that serves food or drink, to be fully-vaccinated.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:17-12) - [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") also announced a vaccine or negative test requirement on August 12, 2021, effective August 23, mandating that patrons of indoor venues such as gyms, restaurants, casinos, arenas, and stadiums, as well as any outdoor gathering of more than 500 people that exceeds half of the venue's total capacity, present proof of vaccination or recent negative test.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:21-14) - On September 10, 2021, [West Hollywood, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California "West Hollywood, California") announced that by October 11, patrons 18 and older of the indoor portions of health and fitness facilities, personal care facilities, and any venue that serves food and drink indoors, must be fully-vaccinated.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112) - On September 14, 2021, [Contra Costa County, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California "Contra Costa County, California") announced that a health order requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor gyms, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues to be fully-vaccinated, effective September 22. The employees of such venues must also be fully-vaccinated by November 1, 2021, or they must be tested weekly for COVID-19.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113) - On September 15, 2021, the [Los Angeles County Department of Public Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Public_Health "Los Angeles County Department of Public Health") (LAC DPH) announced that effective October 7, proof of at least one vaccine dose will be required to enter indoor bars and nightclubs, and outdoor events with more than 10,000 people. Beginning November 4, full vaccination will be required.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114) - On August 11, 2021, Los Angeles City Council unanimously approved a motion proposing an ordinance requiring patrons 12 and older of indoor public spaces to have received at least one vaccine dose.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:15-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116) On October 6, 2021, the ordinance was approved, taking effect November 8;[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117) it is stricter than the Los Angeles County order, applying to all indoor restaurants, bars, shopping malls, recreation and entertainment venues, personal care services, and the indoor areas of city facilities. It also applies to outdoor events with more than 5,000 people.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118) - On December 13, 2021, the [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") Department of Public Health announced a vaccination requirement for entry to any indoor establishment that serves food or drink on the premises. This includes bars, restaurants, movie theaters, sports venues, and bowling alleys, among other establishments. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination. During the first two weeks of the mandate, a negative COVID test within 24 hours will be accepted; starting on January 17, negative tests will no longer be accepted, and only proof of vaccination will be accepted.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119) - On December 21, 2021, the [Chicago Department of Public Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Department_of_Public_Health "Chicago Department of Public Health") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to restaurants, bars, gyms, and entertainment venues in the city. Effective January 3, 2022, all patrons above the age of five entering such businesses are required to provide proof of full vaccination and covered businesses must keep records of their protocol for implementing the order.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_guidance-121)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_BlockClubChicago-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Chicago_order_2021-2_news_WBEZ-123) - On December 23, 2021, the [Cook County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois "Cook County, Illinois") Department of Public Health issued an order nearly identical to that of Chicago's covering the suburban portion of the county over which it has jurisdiction (excluding only Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, and Stickney Township).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11-124)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_guidance-125)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_Suntimes-126) However, several municipalities within the county announced that they would refuse to enforce the county's order.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Cook_order_2021-11_news_refusal_Tribune-127) - On December 23, 2021, Mayor of [Newark, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey "Newark, New Jersey") [Ras J. Baraka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Baraka "Ras Baraka") announced a vaccination requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 10, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of at least one COVID vaccination dose. Starting February 10, proof of full vaccination must be displayed.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129) - On December 23, 2021, [Skokie, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois "Skokie, Illinois") issued an order in line with those of Chicago and Cook County, but entering into effect later on January 10, 2022.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_guidance-131)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Skokie_order_news_Tribune-132) - On December 28, 2021, [Oak Park, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois "Oak Park, Illinois") issued an order in line with that of Skokie, also entering into effect on January 10, 2022.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_guidance-134)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Oak_Park_order_news_Tribune-135) - On December 29, 2021, [Highland Park, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Park,_Illinois "Highland Park, Illinois") issued an order similar to Cook County's and Chicago's, covering dining establishments and entertainment venues although excluding gyms, entering into effect on January 7, 2022.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order-136)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_guidance-137)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Highland_Park_order_news_Tribune-138) - On December 30, 2021, [Evanston, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois "Evanston, Illinois") issued a similar order to those issued by Skokie and Oak Park, also entering into effect January 10, 2022.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order-139)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_guidance-140)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Evanston_order_news_Northwestern-141) - On January 12, 2022, the mayors of [Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis "Minneapolis") and [St. Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota "Saint Paul, Minnesota") announced a vaccination or negative test requirement for entry to indoor restaurants, bars, movie theaters, gyms, sports venues, concert venues, bowling alleys, and auditoriums/convention centers. Effective January 19, all patrons over age 5 must display proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test taken within the past 72 hours for entry into non-ticketed establishments. For ticketed events, the regulation goes into effect on January 26.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-143) Political views As with [mask mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") support and opposition towards mandates and proof of vaccination by businesses has largely fallen along party lines with Democrats mostly supporting such measures and Republicans mostly against, however people who claim a variety of political ideologies consider mandates to be harmful and an unacceptable infringement of personal freedom and choice despite having a personal belief in the safety and necessity of the vaccines.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-144) Concern for human rights also has an influence on people across the ideological spectrum. Compulsory vaccination is an interference with the human right of bodily integrity, which is a part of the right to private life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. However, not every interference with this right is automatically illegal.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145) Media has also contributed to the politicizing of mandates.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Restrictions have not only sparked severe protests by groups of citizens, but also resulted in the strengthening of populist movements and their political representatives, who are generally skeptical of policies that help to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus a phenomenon labeled as 'medical populism'[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147) As of August 12, 2021 20 states all controlled by Republicans have passed legislation or issued executive orders prohibiting state agencies from issuing vaccine passports or otherwise requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:19-146) Alabama,[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148) Florida,[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:102-149) Iowa,[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) Montana,[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and Texas[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152) also prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination as a condition of service, with the Florida order threatening fines of \$5,000 per-instance,[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153) the Montana order terming it as a prohibition of "[discrimination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination "Discrimination")" on the basis of vaccination status (with exceptions for long-term care facilities and public schools),[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:20-151) and the Texas order enforceable by state licensing agencies (such as the [Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission "Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission"), which has threatened to revoke the liquor licenses of establishments that request proof of vaccination in violation of state law).[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) Texas is also the only state where event requirements for even a negative [COVID-19 test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_test "COVID-19 test") is prohibited.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Santana-155) The Iowa ban prohibits businesses requiring proof of vaccination from receiving state grants and contracts.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Richardson-150) There have also been bills enacted or introduced to prohibit employers from enforcing vaccine mandates, and prohibiting vaccine mandates that apply to students.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156) Some politicians such as [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene") have claimed that under the Privacy Rule of the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") (HIPAA), individuals may not be asked to provide their vaccination status.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157) The Privacy Rule only applies to specific "[protected health information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_health_information "Protected health information")" being stored by a "covered entity" (such as a health plan, health insurer, health care clearinghouse, or medical service provider), and does not generally prohibit private businesses or employers from requesting information on vaccination status directly from individuals.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160) In February 2023, Idaho state senator [Tammy Nichols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Nichols "Tammy Nichols") introduced a bill proposing that it be a misdemeanor to administer any mRNA vaccine.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-161) Legal challenges Several states have executive orders or passed laws completely prohibiting or limiting COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employers to include various exemptions including proof of antibodies, weekly testing or personal protective equipment use[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) and allow employees who lose jobs for refusing a COVID-19 vaccine to collect unemployment benefits until they can find a job that does not mandate vaccination. Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee have all passed laws that allow workers who are fired for refusing COVID-19 vaccine mandates to collect unemployment benefits.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163) A sixth state, Nebraska, issued a Department of Labor Guidance Document that provides the same protection – an individual "who began work for an employer prior to an employer instituting a COVID-19 vaccine requirement" and is discharged for refusing the mandate would not be disqualified from receiving unemployment and at least 15 other states are in the process of passing legislation.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164) The following 22 states have laws prohibiting proof of COVID-19 vaccination for service by state and local government entities: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-auto-162) The following 17 states have laws prohibiting schools from mandating COVID-19 vaccines for students: Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire and Florida.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166) On January 26, 2022, the Attorney General of Virginia issued a legal opinion that said "State universities cannot require the Covid-19 vaccine for students to attend in-person or enroll, unless the commonwealth's legislature includes it among required immunizations for colleges."[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167) "The legal guidance, which is not equivalent to law, has no direct consequences if it isn't followed," the Attorney General's office said. "But if an individual decided to sue a university for not following the attorney general's guidance, they could use the Attorney General's opinion in court." In his guidance, Miyares writes that "Virginia's higher education public institutions fall under the control of the General Assembly, which has enacted statutes governing student health and outlined certain immunizations that students need to enroll. Absent specific authority conferred by the General Assembly, public institutions of higher education in Virginia may not require vaccination against COVID-19 as a general condition of students' enrollment or in-person attendance."[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-168) Within a week Virginia's largest public universities ended their COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to attend in person or to enroll. Virginia Tech, George Mason University, the University of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University announced updates in their policies for the ongoing spring semester. Other Virginia public universities including James Madison University, the College of William & Mary and Old Dominion University, also announced they are ending their COVID-19 vaccination requirements for students.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-169) On February 4, 2022, 16 states filed a new lawsuit challenging the federal CMS mandate, the lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-170) This lawsuit follows a Texas post Supreme Court ruling lawsuit filed in Texas that was dismissed.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-171) On May 29, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by 117 employees of [Houston Methodist Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Methodist_Hospital "Houston Methodist Hospital"), who were fired for refusing to comply with the hospital's vaccine mandate.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-172) The lawsuit was dismissed by district judge [Lynn Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Hughes "Lynn Hughes") roughly a couple weeks later.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-NBC-25) An appeal was filed following the ruling.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-173) In July 2021, [Norwegian Cruise Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line "Norwegian Cruise Line") sued the Surgeon General of Florida over the state's prohibition of vaccine mandates by private businesses.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-174) In August district judge [Kathleen M. Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_M._Williams "Kathleen M. Williams") issued a [preliminary injunction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preliminary_injunction "Preliminary injunction") in favor of Norwegian, stating that the government failed to "provide a valid evidentiary, factual, or legal predicate" and that "documentary proof of vaccination will expedite passengers' entry into virtually every single country and port where Plaintiffs intend to sail."[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-175)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-176) A vaccine mandate being enforced by [Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University "Indiana University") requiring those who are not vaccinated for COVID-19 to submit to weekly testing if they attend in-person classes was challenged by a group of eight students who argued in *[Klaassen v. Indiana University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaassen_v._Indiana_University "Klaassen v. Indiana University")* that risks of the vaccines outweighed the benefits and that it was a violation of the [14th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"). District judge [Damon R. Leichty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damon_R._Leichty "Damon R. Leichty") rejected a motion for a preliminary injunction, ruling that the university had a right to "a reasonable and due process of vaccination in the legitimate interest of public health for its students, faculty and staff", that the students had alternatives such as agreeing to testing or applying for an exemption, remote learning, or going to a different university if they did not want to be vaccinated and that "the situation here is a far cry from past blunders in medical ethics like the [Tuskegee Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study "Tuskegee Syphilis Study")."[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-177) The [7th Circuit Court of Appeals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals "7th Circuit Court of Appeals"), in an opinion by judge [Frank Easterbrook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook "Frank Easterbrook"), upheld the ruling, [citing case law dating back](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson_v._Massachusetts "Jacobson v. Massachusetts") to [smallpox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox "Smallpox") in 1905.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178) On August 12, 2021, Supreme Court Justice [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett"), who receives emergency appeals from the Seventh Circuit, denied a request for emergency relief in the Indiana University matter; she acted with no comment, and did not refer the case to the full Supreme Court. Media outlets believed that Barrett's decision to uphold the mandate may have implications in future legal challenges.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:22-16)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:23-178)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-179) In September 2021, the anti-vaccine group [America's Frontline Doctors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Frontline_Doctors "America's Frontline Doctors") (AFLDS) filed a lawsuit attempting to overturn New York City's proof of vaccination mandate. The suit alleged that the mandate was inherently discriminating against [African Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), citing a perceived hesitation towards vaccines among this population stemming from the [Tuskegee Syphilis Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study "Tuskegee Syphilis Study").[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-180) In December 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a district court's injunction blocking Biden's vaccine mandate for healthcare workers; the ruling applies only to ten Republican-led states, namely Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-forbes-181) On January 13, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the injunction.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_note-182) Notes 1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-165)** Five states (Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas) also prohibit private businesses from requiring vaccination. References 1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-US-map_1-0)** [COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). By [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"). Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info. 2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-CDC-vax-map_2-0)** [CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US](https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12). View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resulting map will be labeled: "Percent of People Fully Vaccinated Reported to the CDC by State/Territory and for Select Federal Entities for the Total Population". Hover or click on locations for more data. 3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Mayo-map_3-0)** [U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress](https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-tracker). From the [Mayo Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_Clinic "Mayo Clinic"). Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers for the fully vaccinated. Click on the "data sources" link in the first paragraph to see that the data is from the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"). 4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4)** Rodger, Daniel; Blackshaw, Bruce P. (January 2, 2022). ["COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers"](http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/171191940/COVID_19_Vaccination_Should_not_be_Mandatory_for_Health_and_Social_Care_Workers.pdf) (PDF). *The New Bioethics*. **28** (1): 27–39\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/20502877.2022.2025651](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20502877.2022.2025651). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_$identifier$ "PMID (identifier)") [35049419](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049419). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_$identifier$ "S2CID (identifier)") [245827007](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245827007). 5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)** ["Joe Biden: Covid vaccination in US will not be mandatory"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55193939). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. December 5, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2021. 6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6)** ["Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56657194). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. April 6, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021. 7. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:14_7-2) Rowland, Geoffrey (July 29, 2021). ["Biden tells federal workers: Get vaccinated or submit to testing"](https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/565518-biden-asks-federal-employees-to-get-vaccinated-or-submit-to-testing). *[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_$newspaper$ "The Hill (newspaper)")*. Retrieved July 29, 2021. 8. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:8_8-2) Swanson, Ian (July 27, 2021). ["Vaccine mandate calls fueled by COVID-19's latest spike"](https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/564924-vaccine-mandate-calls-fueled-by-covid-19s-latest-spike). *[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_$newspaper$ "The Hill (newspaper)")*. Retrieved July 27, 2021. 9. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:24_9-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:24_9-1) Bitker, Janelle (August 12, 2021). ["Bay Area restaurateurs feared backlash for requiring vaccinations. In reality, it's been totally fine"](https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/restaurants/article/Bay-Area-restaurateurs-feared-backlash-for-16382565.php). *[San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021. 10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:25_10-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:25_10-1) McPhee, Ryan (July 30, 2021). ["Broadway Will Require COVID Vaccines for Audiences"](http://www.playbill.com/article/broadway-will-require-covid-vaccines-for-audiences). *Playbill*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210730141747/https://www.playbill.com/article/broadway-will-require-covid-vaccines-for-audiences) from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021. 11. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:26_11-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:26_11-1) Willman, Chris (August 19, 2021). ["For Those About to Vax: Why Vaccination Proof Is Suddenly Becoming a New Standard for Concert Entry"](https://variety.com/2021/music/news/concerts-vaccination-requirements-aeg-live-nation-jason-isbell-1235044211/). *Variety*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210819175043/https://variety.com/2021/music/news/concerts-vaccination-requirements-aeg-live-nation-jason-isbell-1235044211/) from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021. 12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:17_12-2) Thadani, Trisha (August 12, 2021). ["San Francisco to become first major U.S. city to mandate full vaccination for many indoor activities"](https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/San-Francisco-to-become-second-U-S-city-to-16382500.php). *[San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle")*. Retrieved August 13, 2021. 13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:18_13-2) Benveniste, Alexis (August 3, 2021). ["New York City will require vaccines for entry to restaurants and gyms"](https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/03/business/new-york-city-vaccine-requirements/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210803163022/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/03/business/new-york-city-vaccine-requirements/index.html) from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021. 14. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:21_14-2) Ben, Myers (August 12, 2021). ["New Orleans to require COVID vaccines or negative tests for bars, Superdome, other venues"](https://www.nola.com/news/coronavirus/article_20a8445c-fb7b-11eb-bbf1-1fa3b35d5990.html). *NOLA.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210812181019/https://www.nola.com/news/coronavirus/article_20a8445c-fb7b-11eb-bbf1-1fa3b35d5990.html) from the original on August 12, 2021. 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