🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa185)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue","crawl_time":1775023496,"first_indexed_time":1375979895,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Barbecue s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Barbecue - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nMeat being barbecued at\nThe Salt Lick\nrestaurant\nBarbecue\nor\nbarbeque\n(often shortened to\nBBQ\nworldwide;\nbarbie\nor\nbarby\nin Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various\ncooking methods\nthat employ live fire and smoke to cook food.\n[\n1\n]\nThe term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader\ncuisines\nthat these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly.\nThe various\nregional variations of barbecue\ncan be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating.\n[\n1\n]\nIndirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or\nsmoking\nover wood or\ncharcoal\n.\n[\n2\n]\nThese methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat,\ngrilling\nof food over hot coals or a gas fire.\n[\n1\n]\nThis technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.\n[\n2\n]\nEtymology and spelling\n[\nedit\n]\nThe original Arawak term\nbarabicu\nwas used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame\nThe English word\nbarbecue\nand its cognates in other languages come from the\nSpanish\nword\nbarbacoa\n, which has its origin in a\nTaíno\nword.\n[\n3\n]\nEtymologists\nbelieve this to be derived from\nbarabicu\nfound in the language of the\nArawak\npeople of the\nCaribbean\nand the\nTimucua\npeople of\nFlorida\n.\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\nThe\nOxford English Dictionary\n(OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a \"framework of sticks set upon posts\".\n[\n6\n]\nA popular\nfolk etymology\nof the word says that the term is derived from the\nFrench\nbarbe à queue\n(\"from beard to tail\") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.\n[\n7\n]\nThe term itself has two spellings in English: \"barbecue\" and \"barbeque\". While in most countries the spelling \"barbecue\" is used, the spelling \"barbeque\" is occasionally used in\nAustralia\n,\nNew Zealand\n,\n[\n8\n]\nand the US.\nSpanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word\nbarbecoa\nin print in Spain in 1526 in the\nDiccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española\n. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found\nTaíno\nroasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.\n[\n9\n]\nSpaniards called the framework a barbacoa.\nAnother form of\nbarbacoa\ninvolves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole\ngoat\nor\nlamb\n, are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with\nmaguey\nleaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours.\nOlaudah Equiano\n, an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the \"Mosquito people\" (\nMiskito people\n) on his journeys to\nCabo Gracias a Dios\non the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative\nThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano\n.\n[\n10\n]\nLinguists have suggested the word was\nloaned\nsuccessively into\nSpanish\n, then\nPortuguese\n,\nFrench\n, and\nEnglish\n. In the form\nbarbacado\n, the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract\nA description of the province of New Albion\n: \"the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish\".\n[\n11\n]\nAccording to the\nOxford English Dictionary\n, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in\nEdmund Hickeringill\n's\nJamaica Viewed\n: \"Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat\";\n[\n6\n]\nit also appears in 1672 in the writings of\nJohn Lederer\nfollowing his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.\n[\n12\n]\nThe first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer\nWilliam Dampier\n. In his\nNew Voyage Round the World\n, Dampier wrote, \"and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot [0.91 m] from the Ground\".\n[\n13\n]\nAs early as the 1730s,\nNew England Puritans\nwere familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: \"I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln [Colonel] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued.\"\n[\n14\n]\nSamuel Johnson\n's 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:\n[\n15\n]\n\"To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole\nhog\n\" (attestation to Pope)\n\"Barbecue – a hog dressed whole\"\nWhile the standard modern English spelling of the word is\nbarbecue\n, variations including\nbarbeque\nand truncations such as\nbar-b-q\nor\nBBQ\nmay also be found.\n[\n16\n]\nThe spelling\nbarbeque\nis given in\nMerriam-Webster\nas a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.\n[\n17\n]\n[\n18\n]\nIn the Southeastern\nUnited States\n, the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.\n[\n19\n]\nBecause the word\nbarbecue\ncame from native groups, Europeans gave it \"savage connotations\".\n[\n20\n]\n: 24 \nThis association with barbarians and \"savages\" is strengthened by\nEdmund Hickeringill\n's work\nJamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements\nthrough its descriptions of\ncannibalism\n. However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true.\n[\n20\n]\n: 32 \nAnother notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in\nTheodor de Bry\n's\nGreat Voyages\n, which in Warnes's eyes, \"present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery [...] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence\".\n[\n20\n]\n: 36 \nToday, people in the US associate barbecue with \"classic Americana\".\n[\n20\n]\n: 3 \nA British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables\nA typical\nasado\nin Argentina\nKorean barbeque grill used for cooking\ngalbi\nIn\nAmerican English\nusage,\ngrilling\nrefers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of\nroasting\n. In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In\nBritish\nusage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian\nchurrasco\nand the\nSouthern Cone\nasado\n.\n[\n21\n]\nTypical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast\nA barbecued pig\nFor\nbarbecue in the United States\n, each Southern locale has its\nown variety\nof barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions.\nSouth Carolina\nis the only state that traditionally features all four recognized\nbarbecue sauces\n, including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces.\nNorth Carolina\nsauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses\nLexington-style barbecue\n, with a combination of\nketchup\nand vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base.\nMemphis barbecue\nis best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning (\ndry rubs\n) and\nsmoked\nover\nhickory\nwood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.\n[\n22\n]\nKansas City barbecue\nis barbecue that originated in\nKansas City, Missouri\nin the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.\n[\n23\n]\nSt. Louis–style barbecue\nrefers to\nspare ribs\nassociated with the\nSt. Louis\narea. These are usually\ngrilled\nrather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term \"barbecue\" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style.\nSt. Louis style barbecue\nis known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs\n[\n24\n]\nIn South Africa,\nbraais\nare informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity.\n[\n25\n]\nThe act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition.\n[\n26\n]\nModernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used.\n[\n26\n]\nThe use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.\n[\n27\n]\nIt is expected that people attending a\nbraai\nbring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as \"bring and braai\".\n[\n28\n]\nCooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill.\n[\n29\n]\nExamples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.\n[\n25\n]\nMielie pap\n, also known as \"Krummel pap\", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish.\n[\n30\n]\n[\n25\n]\nDiagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing\nBarbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking.\nA public barbecue site at a park in\nOulu\n, Finland, on 23 March 2014\nGrilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or\npellets\n. The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired\ninternal temperature\n.\n[\n31\n]\n[\n32\n]\nSmoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and\/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as\nbeer\nor\nsmoked beer\nare also smoked.\n[\n33\n]\n[\n34\n]\nLamb grilling over hot coals\nGrilling\nis a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.\n[\n35\n]\nThe words \"barbecue\" and \"grilling\" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.\n[\n36\n]\n[\n37\n]\nIn practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional.\nThe term\nbarbecue\nis also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are\npotato chips\n.\n[\n38\n]\nList of barbecue dishes\n – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method\nList of barbecue restaurants\nList of smoked foods\nRegional variations of barbecue\nAsado\n – Barbecue style in various South American countries\nBraai\n, South Africa\nChurrasco\n – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil\nKorean barbecue\n – Regional style of food preparation\nMemphis-style barbecue\n – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\nMongolian barbecue\n – Stir-fried dish\nNyama choma\n – Grilled goat meat, Kenya\nKansas City-style barbecue\n – Dish of slowly smoked meat\nKebab\n – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East\nMangal\n – Middle Eastern barbecue\nMashawi\nNorth Carolina barbecue\n – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\nSatay\n – Southeast Asian form of kebab\nShaokao\n – Chinese term for barbecue\nSiu mei\n – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat\nSouth Carolina barbecue\n – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\nSouvla\n – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat\nSt. Louis-style barbecue\n – Spare ribs dish\nTexas Barbecue\n – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\nYakiniku\n – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan\nBarrel barbecue\n – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel\nBuccan\n – Device for grilling\nBurnt ends\n – Barbecued meat delicacy\nCarne asada\n – Dish of grilled and sliced beef\nRibfest\n – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada\nShashlik\n – Form of shish kebab\nSpice rub\n – Spices rubbed on food before cooking\nTeppanyaki\n – Style of Japanese cuisine\n^\na\nb\nc\nBawdon, Michael.\n\"A guide to different types of barbecue\"\n. Great British Chefs\n. Retrieved\n8 April\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nMoss, RF (2020).\nBarbecue: the history of an American institution\n. University Alabama Press.\n^\nHakim, Joy (2005).\nThe First Americans: Prehistory - 1600\n(3rd ed.).\nOxford University Press\n. p. 121.\n^\nHale, C. Clark (2000).\nThe Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual\n. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co.\nISBN\n \n0936171022\n.\n[\npage needed\n]\n^\nRachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024).\n\"Where did the term barbecue come from?\"\n. ChefsResource.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 October 2025\n. Retrieved\n8 October\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Oxford Dictionary\"\n. Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from\nthe original\non 21 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Barbecue\"\n.\nWorld Wide Words\n. Retrieved\n11 July\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia\"\n. 25 September 2020.\n^\nPeters, Philip Dickenson (2003).\nCaribbean Wow 2.0\n(1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27.\nISBN\n \n9781929970049\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\nEquino, Olaudah (2012).\nThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano\n. Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316.\nISBN\n \n978-1625584717\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\nPlantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). \"4\".\nA description of the province of New Albion\n. Retrieved\n15 March\n2019\n.\n^\nLederer, John (1672).\nThe Discoveries of John Lederer\n. p. 28\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\nDampier, William.\nA New Voyage Round the World\n. Ripol Classic. p. 20.\nISBN\n \n1148385150\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\nHempstead, Joshua (1901).\nDiary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut\n. New London County Historical Society. p. 241.\nISBN\n \n9780259727545\n.\n^\nJohnson, Samuel (1756).\nA dictionary of the English language\n. Oxford University. p. 70\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\n\"southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways\"\n.\nstorySouth\n. 5 April 2002\n. Retrieved\n6 September\n2012\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Barbeque\"\n. Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary\n. Retrieved\n6 September\n2012\n.\n^\n\"Definition of barbecue\"\n. Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from\nthe original\non 6 November 2010\n. Retrieved\n24 June\n2013\n.\n^\n\"America searches for the perfect barbecue\"\n.\nNewsweek\n.\n103\n(\n19–\n26). May 1984\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n[\npage needed\n]\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nWarnes, Andrew (2008).\nSavage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food\n. University of Georgia Press.\nISBN\n \n9780820328966\n.\n^\nMatthew Bell (18 July 2013).\n\"Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way | Reviews | Lifestyle\"\n.\nThe Independent\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2015\n.\n^\n\"A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic\"\n.\nFood Republic\n. 13 March 2012\n. Retrieved\n7 May\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals\"\n.\nVisit KC\n. Retrieved\n29 June\n2025\n.\n^\n\"St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025\"\n.\nMasterClass\n. Retrieved\n29 June\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nSavides, Steven (12 June 2002). \"The braai unites South Africans\".\nChristian Science Monitor\n.\n94\n: 16.\n^\na\nb\nMoskin, Julia (23 May 2016).\n\"South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\n6 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Things You Must Know About South African Braai -\"\n.\nThe Travels of BBQboy and Spanky\n. 26 August 2019\n. Retrieved\n6 April\n2021\n.\n^\nIsabella., Morris (2017).\nSouth Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture\n. Kuperard.\nISBN\n \n978-1-78702-966-8\n.\nOCLC\n \n1001989214\n.\n^\nMatloff, Judith (16 January 1997). \"S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing\".\nChristian Science Monitor\n.\n89\n.\n^\nNugent, Paul (December 2010).\n\"Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa\"\n(PDF)\n.\nAfrica Spectrum\n.\n45\n(3):\n87–\n113.\ndoi\n:\n10.1177\/000203971004500305\n.\nISSN\n \n0002-0397\n.\nS2CID\n \n73719750\n.\n^\nMcElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015).\n\"How to cook meat properly on the barbecue\"\n. BBC Good Food\n. Retrieved\n14 April\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Barbecue 101\"\n. SAVEUR. 17 June 2011\n. Retrieved\n14 April\n2016\n.\n^\nColby, Chris.\n\"Smoked Beer\"\n. Retrieved\n19 October\n2017\n.\n^\nMcGee p. 767: \"Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt.\"\n^\n\"Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?\"\n.\nGlobal News\n. Retrieved\n7 May\n2018\n.\n^\nGrinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015).\n\"The difference between grilling and barbecue\"\n.\nCNN\n. Retrieved\n16 May\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking | HomeyCart\"\n. 31 January 2023\n. Retrieved\n2 February\n2023\n.\n^\nHayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009).\nFood and Nutrition\/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan\n. Marshall Cavendish.\nISBN\n \n9780761478201\n.\nLook up\nbarbecue\nin Wiktionary, the free dictionary.\n\"Barbecue\" \n.\nEncyclopædia Britannica\n. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.\nBarbecue Food Safety\n(US Dept. of Agriculture)\nThe Internet BBQ FAQ\nArchived\n27 April 2021 at the\nWayback Machine\nBarbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art\nWeb cast from the\nLibrary of Congress","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Barbecue \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Barbecue \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue)\n- [1 Etymology and spelling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Etymology_and_spelling)\n- [2 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#History)\n- [3 Associations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Associations)\n- [4 Styles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Styles)\n- [5 Techniques](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Techniques)\n  Toggle Techniques subsection\n  - [5\\.1 Smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Smoking)\n  - [5\\.2 Grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Grilling)\n- [6 Other uses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#Other_uses)\n- [7 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#See_also)\n- [8 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#References)\n- [9 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Barbecue\n46 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88 \"باربكيو – Arabic\")\n- [Bikol Central](https:\/\/bcl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Central Bikol\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E \"Барбекю – Bulgarian\")\n- [Bosanski](https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ro%C5%A1tilj \"Roštilj – Bosnian\")\n- [Cebuano](https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinugba \"Sinugba – Cebuano\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Czech\")\n- [Cymraeg](https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbeciw \"Barbeciw – Welsh\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – German\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85 \"Μπάρμπεκιου – Greek\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kradrostado \"Kradrostado – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parrillada \"Parrillada – Spanish\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbakoa \"Barbakoa – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88 \"باربیکیو – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Finnish\")\n- [Gaeilge](https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Be%C3%A1rbaici%C3%BA \"Beárbaiciú – Irish\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C \"מנגל – Hebrew\")\n- [Hrvatski](https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ro%C5%A1tilj \"Roštilj – Croatian\")\n- [Magyar](https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Hungarian\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82 \"Բարբեքյու – Armenian\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbeku \"Barbeku – Indonesian\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC \"バーベキュー – Japanese\")\n- [Jawa](https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Javanese\")\n- [Қазақша](https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E \"Барбекю – Kazakh\")\n- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82 \"ಬಾರ್ಬಿಕ್ಯೂ – Kannada\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%B0%94%EB%B9%84%ED%81%90 \"바비큐 – Korean\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbeku \"Barbeku – Malay\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Dutch\")\n- [Occitan](https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbacoa \"Barbacoa – Occitan\")\n- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A \"ਬਾਰ ਬੀ ਕਿਊ – Punjabi\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Polish\")\n- [Română](https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gr%C4%83tar_\\(gastronomie\\) \"Grătar (gastronomie) – Romanian\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E \"Барбекю – Russian\")\n- [Sicilianu](https:\/\/scn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fucuni \"Fucuni – Sicilian\")\n- [Srpskohrvatski \/ српскохрватски](https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ro%C5%A1tilj \"Roštilj – Serbo-Croatian\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Simple English\")\n- [Shqip](https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skara_\\(gatim\\) \"Skara (gatim) – Albanian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ro%C5%A1tilj \"Roštilj – Serbian\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Swedish\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbek%C3%BC \"Barbekü – Turkish\")\n- [ئۇيغۇرچە \/ Uyghurche](https:\/\/ug.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%87 \"باربىكىيۇ – Uyghur\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E \"Барбекю – Ukrainian\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%E1%BB%AFa_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng \"Bữa nướng – Vietnamese\")\n- [閩南語 \/ Bân-lâm-gí](https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"Barbecue – Minnan\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%87%92%E5%98%A2%E9%A3%9F \"燒嘢食 – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%87%92%E7%83%A4 \"燒烤 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q461696#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Barbecue \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Barbecue \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Barbecue \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&oldid=1344028220 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Barbecue&id=1344028220&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarbecue)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Barbecue&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Barbecue_\\(cooking_technique\\))\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q461696 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nCooking method and apparatus\n\nThis article is about the cuisine. For the cooking appliance, see [Barbecue grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_grill \"Barbecue grill\"). For other uses, see [Barbecue (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_\\(disambiguation\\) \"Barbecue (disambiguation)\").\n\n\"BBQ\" redirects here. For other uses, see [BBQ (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBQ_\\(disambiguation\\) \"BBQ (disambiguation)\").\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/Barbecued_meats.jpg\/500px-Barbecued_meats.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Barbecued_meats.jpg)\n\nMeat being barbecued at [The Salt Lick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Salt_Lick \"The Salt Lick\") restaurant\n\n**Barbecue** or **barbeque** (often shortened to **BBQ** worldwide; **barbie** or **barby** in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various [cooking methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooking_methods \"Cooking methods\") that employ live fire and smoke to cook food.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader [cuisines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine \"Cuisine\") that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly.\n\nThe various [regional variations of barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) Indirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or [smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoked_meat \"Smoked meat\") over wood or [charcoal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charcoal \"Charcoal\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, [grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") of food over hot coals or a gas fire.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2)\n\n## Etymology and spelling\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Etymology and spelling\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg\/250px-Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)\n\nThe original Arawak term *barabicu* was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame\n\nThe English word *barbecue* and its cognates in other languages come from the [Spanish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\") word *[barbacoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbacoa \"Barbacoa\")*, which has its origin in a [Taíno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%C3%ADno_language \"Taíno language\") word.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-3) [Etymologists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Etymologist \"Etymologist\") believe this to be derived from *barabicu* found in the language of the [Arawak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arawak \"Arawak\") people of the [Caribbean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caribbean \"Caribbean\") and the [Timucua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timucua \"Timucua\") people of [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida \"Florida\").[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-5) The *[Oxford English Dictionary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary \"Oxford English Dictionary\")* (OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a \"framework of sticks set upon posts\".[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6)\n\nA popular [folk etymology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folk_etymology \"Folk etymology\") of the word says that the term is derived from the [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\") *barbe à queue* (\"from beard to tail\") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-7)\n\nThe term itself has two spellings in English: \"barbecue\" and \"barbeque\". While in most countries the spelling \"barbecue\" is used, the spelling \"barbeque\" is occasionally used in [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia \"Australia\"), [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\"),[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-8) and the US.\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\nSpanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word *barbecoa* in print in Spain in 1526 in the *Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española*. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found [Taíno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%C3%ADno \"Taíno\") roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-9) Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa.\n\nAnother form of *barbacoa* involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole [goat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goat_meat \"Goat meat\") or [lamb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamb_and_mutton \"Lamb and mutton\"), are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with [maguey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agave_americana \"Agave americana\") leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. [Olaudah Equiano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olaudah_Equiano \"Olaudah Equiano\"), an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the \"Mosquito people\" ([Miskito people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miskito_people \"Miskito people\")) on his journeys to [Cabo Gracias a Dios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabo_Gracias_a_Dios \"Cabo Gracias a Dios\") on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative *[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano \"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano\")*.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-10)\n\nLinguists have suggested the word was [loaned](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loanword \"Loanword\") successively into [Spanish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\"), then [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\"), [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\"), and [English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_language \"English language\"). In the form *barbacado*, the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract *A description of the province of New Albion*: \"the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish\".[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-11)\n\nAccording to the *Oxford English Dictionary*, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in [Edmund Hickeringill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Hickeringill \"Edmund Hickeringill\")'s *Jamaica Viewed*: \"Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat\";[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) it also appears in 1672 in the writings of [John Lederer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Lederer \"John Lederer\") following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-12)\n\nThe first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer [William Dampier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Dampier \"William Dampier\"). In his *New Voyage Round the World*, Dampier wrote, \"and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot \\[0.91 m\\] from the Ground\".[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Dampier-13)\n\nAs early as the 1730s, [New England Puritans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puritans \"Puritans\") were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: \"I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln \\[Colonel\\] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued.\"[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-14) [Samuel Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Johnson \"Samuel Johnson\")'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-15)\n\n- \"To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole [hog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pig \"Pig\")\" (attestation to Pope)\n- \"Barbecue – a hog dressed whole\"\n\nWhile the standard modern English spelling of the word is *barbecue*, variations including *barbeque* and truncations such as *bar-b-q* or *BBQ* may also be found.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-16) The spelling *barbeque* is given in [Merriam-Webster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merriam-Webster \"Merriam-Webster\") as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-17)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-18) In the Southeastern [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"), the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-19)\n\n## Associations\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Associations\")\\]\n\nBecause the word *barbecue* came from native groups, Europeans gave it \"savage connotations\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 24  This association with barbarians and \"savages\" is strengthened by [Edmund Hickeringill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Hickeringill \"Edmund Hickeringill\")'s work *Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements* through its descriptions of [cannibalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_cannibalism \"Human cannibalism\"). However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 32  Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in [Theodor de Bry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodor_de_Bry \"Theodor de Bry\")'s *Great Voyages*, which in Warnes's eyes, \"present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery \\[...\\] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 36  Today, people in the US associate barbecue with \"classic Americana\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 3\n\n## Styles\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Styles\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Regional variations of barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/British_Barbecue.jpg\/250px-British_Barbecue.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:British_Barbecue.jpg)\n\nA British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Asado_2005.jpg\/250px-Asado_2005.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Asado_2005.jpg)\n\nA typical [asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\") in Argentina\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg\/250px-Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)\n\nKorean barbeque grill used for cooking *[galbi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galbi \"Galbi\")*\n\nIn [American English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English \"Comparison of American and British English\") usage, [grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of [roasting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\"). In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In [British](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_English \"British English\") usage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian [churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") and the [Southern Cone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Cone \"Southern Cone\") [asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\").[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-21)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg\/250px-Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)\n\nTypical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg\/250px-Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)\n\nA barbecued pig\n\nFor [barbecue in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_the_United_States \"Barbecue in the United States\"), each Southern locale has its [own variety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions. [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Carolina \"South Carolina\") is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized [barbecue sauces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_sauce \"Barbecue sauce\"), including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces. [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Carolina \"North Carolina\") sauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses [Lexington-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival \"Lexington Barbecue Festival\"), with a combination of [ketchup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ketchup \"Ketchup\") and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base. [Memphis barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis-style_barbecue \"Memphis-style barbecue\") is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning ([dry rubs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice_rub \"Spice rub\")) and [smoked](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoking (cooking)\") over [hickory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hickory \"Hickory\") wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Food_Republic-22) [Kansas City barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"Kansas City–style barbecue\") is barbecue that originated in [Kansas City, Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City,_Missouri \"Kansas City, Missouri\") in the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-23) [St. Louis–style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"St. Louis–style barbecue\") refers to [spare ribs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spare_ribs \"Spare ribs\") associated with the [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\") area. These are usually [grilled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") rather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term \"barbecue\" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style. [St. Louis style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"St. Louis–style barbecue\") is known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-24)\n\nIn South Africa, [braais](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-27)\n\nIt is expected that people attending a [braai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as \"bring and braai\".[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:0-28) Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-29) Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) [Mielie pap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ugali \"Ugali\"), also known as \"Krummel pap\", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:2-30)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25)\n\n## Techniques\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Techniques\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/Propane_smoker.jpg\/250px-Propane_smoker.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Propane_smoker.jpg)\n\nDiagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing\n\nBarbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG\/250px-Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)\n\nA public barbecue site at a park in [Oulu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oulu \"Oulu\"), Finland, on 23 March 2014\n\nGrilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or [pellets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pellet_grill \"Pellet grill\"). The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired [internal temperature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doneness \"Doneness\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-31)[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-32)\n\n### Smoking\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Smoking\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Smoking (cooking)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoking (cooking)\")\n\nSmoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and\/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as [beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer \"Beer\") or [smoked beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoked_beer \"Smoked beer\") are also smoked.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-34)\n\n### Grilling\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Grilling\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/BBQ_Lamb.jpg\/250px-BBQ_Lamb.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BBQ_Lamb.jpg)\n\nLamb grilling over hot coals\n\n[Grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-35)\n\nThe words \"barbecue\" and \"grilling\" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-36)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-37)\n\nIn practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional.\n\n## Other uses\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Other uses\")\\]\n\nThe term *barbecue* is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are [potato chips](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potato_chip \"Potato chip\").[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-38)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [List of barbecue dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_dishes \"List of barbecue dishes\") – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method\n- [List of barbecue restaurants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_restaurants \"List of barbecue restaurants\")\n- [List of smoked foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_smoked_foods \"List of smoked foods\")\n\n- [Regional variations of barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\")\n  - [Asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\") – Barbecue style in various South American countries\n  - [Braai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Braai \"Braai\"), South Africa\n  - [Churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil\n  - [Korean barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_barbecue \"Korean barbecue\") – Regional style of food preparation\n  - [Memphis-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis-style_barbecue \"Memphis-style barbecue\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Mongolian barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_barbecue \"Mongolian barbecue\") – Stir-fried dish\n  - [Nyama choma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nyama_choma \"Nyama choma\") – Grilled goat meat, Kenya\n  - [Kansas City-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City-style_barbecue \"Kansas City-style barbecue\") – Dish of slowly smoked meatPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets\n  - [Kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kebab \"Kebab\") – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East\n  - [Mangal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangal_\\(barbecue\\) \"Mangal (barbecue)\") – Middle Eastern barbecue\n  - [Mashawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\")\n  - [North Carolina barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina \"Barbecue in North Carolina\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Satay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satay \"Satay\") – Southeast Asian form of kebab\n  - [Shaokao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaokao \"Shaokao\") – Chinese term for barbecue\n  - [Siu mei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siu_mei \"Siu mei\") – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat\n  - [South Carolina barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina \"Barbecue in South Carolina\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Souvla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Souvla \"Souvla\") – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat\n  - [St. Louis-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis-style_barbecue \"St. Louis-style barbecue\") – Spare ribs dishPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets\n  - [Texas Barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_Texas \"Barbecue in Texas\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Yakiniku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakiniku \"Yakiniku\") – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan\n\n- [Barrel barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_barbecue \"Barrel barbecue\") – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel\n- [Buccan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buccan \"Buccan\") – Device for grilling\n- [Burnt ends](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burnt_ends \"Burnt ends\") – Barbecued meat delicacy\n- [Carne asada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carne_asada \"Carne asada\") – Dish of grilled and sliced beef\n- [Ribfest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribfest \"Ribfest\") – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada\n- [Shashlik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shashlik \"Shashlik\") – Form of shish kebab\n- [Spice rub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice_rub \"Spice rub\") – Spices rubbed on food before cooking\n- [Teppanyaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teppanyaki \"Teppanyaki\") – Style of Japanese cuisine\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-2)\n   Bawdon, Michael. [\"A guide to different types of barbecue\"](https:\/\/www.greatbritishchefs.com\/features\/types-of-barbecue-guide). Great British Chefs. Retrieved 8 April 2021.\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-1)\n   Moss, RF (2020). *Barbecue: the history of an American institution*. University Alabama Press.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-3)**\n   Hakim, Joy (2005). *The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600* (3rd ed.). [Oxford University Press](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_University_Press \"Oxford University Press\"). p. 121.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-4)**\n   Hale, C. Clark (2000). *The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual*. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [0936171022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0936171022 \"Special:BookSources\/0936171022\")\n   \n   .\n   \n   \\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-5)**\n   Rachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024). [\"Where did the term barbecue come from?\"](https:\/\/www.chefsresource.com\/faq\/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from\/). ChefsResource. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20251008044428\/https:\/\/www.chefsresource.com\/faq\/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from\/) from the original on 8 October 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025.\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-1)\n   [\"Oxford Dictionary\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210421063037\/http:\/\/old.cbbqa.org\/history\/secondary\/OxfordEngDictionary.html). Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/old.cbbqa.org\/history\/secondary\/OxfordEngDictionary.html) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Barbecue\"](https:\/\/www.worldwidewords.org\/qa\/qa-bar1.htm). *World Wide Words*. Retrieved 11 July 2023.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia\"](https:\/\/zgrills.com.au\/barbeque-or-barbecue\/). 25 September 2020.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-9)**\n   Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003). [*Caribbean Wow 2.0*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tXbo9H6t1TcC&q=barbecue+Haiti+barbacoa+Columbus&pg=PA69) (1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9781929970049](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781929970049 \"Special:BookSources\/9781929970049\")\n   \n   . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-10)**\n    Equino, Olaudah (2012). [*The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=hkjCHNpp0woC). Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1625584717](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1625584717 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1625584717\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-11)**\n    Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). \"4\". [*A description of the province of New Albion*](https:\/\/www.virtualjamestown.org\/exist\/cocoon\/jamestown\/fha\/J1053). Retrieved 15 March 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-12)**\n    Lederer, John (1672). [*The Discoveries of John Lederer*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VAsOAAAAIAAJ&q=barbecue). p. 28. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Dampier_13-0)**\n    Dampier, William. [*A New Voyage Round the World*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=R-LuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20). Ripol Classic. p. 20. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [1148385150](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1148385150 \"Special:BookSources\/1148385150\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-14)**\n    Hempstead, Joshua (1901). *Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut*. New London County Historical Society. p. 241. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780259727545](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780259727545 \"Special:BookSources\/9780259727545\")\n    \n    .\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: ISBN \/ Date incompatibility ([help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date \"Help:CS1 errors\"))\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-15)**\n    Johnson, Samuel (1756). [*A dictionary of the English language*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RwwUAAAAQAAJ&q=ba%27rbecue). Oxford University. p. 70. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways\"](http:\/\/www.storysouth.com\/winter2003\/bbqframe.html). *storySouth*. 5 April 2002. Retrieved 6 September 2012.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service \"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\"))\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"Barbeque\"](https:\/\/www.m-w.com\/dictionary\/barbeque). Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 September 2012.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"Definition of barbecue\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101106031235\/http:\/\/www.oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/barbecue). Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/barbecue) on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2013.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"America searches for the perfect barbecue\"](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=f3DuAAAAMAAJ&q=barbecue+meaning+southeast+pork). *Newsweek*. **103** (19–26\\). May 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n    \n    \\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n20. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-3)\n    Warnes, Andrew (2008). [*Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=HLhD_lIRatsC). University of Georgia Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780820328966](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780820328966 \"Special:BookSources\/9780820328966\")\n    \n    .\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-21)**\n    Matthew Bell (18 July 2013). [\"Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way \\| Reviews \\| Lifestyle\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/reviews\/gaucho-grill-how-to-cook-the-argentinian-way-8717832.html). *The Independent*. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Food_Republic_22-0)**\n    [\"A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic\"](https:\/\/www.foodrepublic.com\/2012\/03\/13\/a-year-of-barbecue-kentucky-mutton\/). *Food Republic*. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals\"](https:\/\/www.visitkc.com\/bbq\/barbecue-beginnings\/). *Visit KC*. Retrieved 29 June 2025.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025\"](https:\/\/www.masterclass.com\/articles\/st-louis-style-barbecue-explained). *MasterClass*. Retrieved 29 June 2025.\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-2)\n    Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). \"The braai unites South Africans\". *Christian Science Monitor*. **94**: 16.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-1)\n    Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016). [\"South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/25\/dining\/braai.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). Retrieved 6 April 2021.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-27)**\n    [\"Things You Must Know About South African Braai -\"](https:\/\/bbqboy.net\/things-you-must-know-about-south-african-braai\/). *The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky*. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:0_28-0)**\n    Isabella., Morris (2017). [*South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture*](https:\/\/worldcat.org\/oclc\/1001989214). Kuperard. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-78702-966-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-78702-966-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-78702-966-8\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\\(identifier\\) \"OCLC (identifier)\") [1001989214](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1001989214).\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-29)**\n    Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). \"S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing\". *Christian Science Monitor*. **89**.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:2_30-0)**\n    Nugent, Paul (December 2010). [\"Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa\"](https:\/\/www.pure.ed.ac.uk\/ws\/files\/8216624\/Do_nations_have_stomachs.pdf) (PDF). *Africa Spectrum*. **45** (3): 87–113\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1177\/000203971004500305](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F000203971004500305). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0002-0397](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0002-0397). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [73719750](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:73719750).\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-31)**\n    McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015). [\"How to cook meat properly on the barbecue\"](http:\/\/www.bbcgoodfood.com\/howto\/guide\/how-cook-meat-properly-barbecue). BBC Good Food. Retrieved 14 April 2016.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"Barbecue 101\"](https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/article\/Techniques\/Barbecue-101). SAVEUR. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-33)**\n    Colby, Chris. [\"Smoked Beer\"](https:\/\/byo.com\/mead\/item\/1720-smoked-beer). Retrieved 19 October 2017.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-34)** McGee p. 767: \"Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt.\"\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?\"](https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1392015\/grill-vs-barbecue-do-you-know-the-difference\/). *Global News*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-36)**\n    Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015). [\"The difference between grilling and barbecue\"](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/03\/living\/barbecue-bbq-grilling-july-4-feat\/). *CNN*. Retrieved 16 May 2018.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-37)**\n    [\"Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking \\| HomeyCart\"](https:\/\/homeycart.com\/bbq-grilling-smoking-difference\/). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-38)**\n    Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009). [*Food and Nutrition\/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=OVjeiDYHP8cC&q=barbecue+flavoring+added+to+food+items+such+as++potato+chips&pg=PA89). Marshall Cavendish. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780761478201](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780761478201 \"Special:BookSources\/9780761478201\")\n    \n    .\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg\/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg)\n\nWikibooks [Cookbook](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Cookbook \"wikibooks:Cookbook\") has a recipe\/module on\n\n- ***[Barbecue cooking](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Cookbook:Barbecue_cooking \"wikibooks:Cookbook:Barbecue cooking\")***\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg)\n\nLook up ***[barbecue](https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/barbecue \"wiktionary:Special:Search\/barbecue\")*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [Barbecue (cooking technique)](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Barbecue_\\(cooking_technique\\) \"commons:Category:Barbecue (cooking technique)\").\n\n- [\"Barbecue\"](https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\/Barbecue) . *[Encyclopædia Britannica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition \"Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition\")*. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.\n- [Barbecue Food Safety](https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/about-usda\/news\/press-releases\/2021\/05\/27\/usda-provides-food-safety-tips-grilling-pros-and-beginners) (US Dept. of Agriculture)\n- [The Internet BBQ FAQ](http:\/\/www.cbbqa.org\/wiki\/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210427203400\/http:\/\/www.cbbqa.org\/wiki\/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) 27 April 2021 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n- [Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art](https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2021687701\/) Web cast from the [Library of Congress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress \"Library of Congress\")\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Barbecue \"Template:Barbecue\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Barbecue \"Template talk:Barbecue\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Barbecue \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Barbecue\")[Barbecue]() |   |\n|---|---|\n| Cooking styles | [Asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\") [Barbacoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbacoa \"Barbacoa\") [Char siu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Char_siu \"Char siu\") [Churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") [Indirect grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indirect_grilling \"Indirect grilling\") [Inihaw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inihaw \"Inihaw\") [Korean barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_barbecue \"Korean barbecue\") [Mangal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangal_\\(barbecue\\) \"Mangal (barbecue)\") [Mixed grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mixed_grill \"Mixed grill\") [Mongolian barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_barbecue \"Mongolian barbecue\") [Schwenker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schwenker \"Schwenker\") [Shaokao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaokao \"Shaokao\") [Shisa nyama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shisa_nyama \"Shisa nyama\") [Siu mei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siu_mei \"Siu mei\") [Yakiniku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakiniku \"Yakiniku\") |\n| [Regional variations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") | [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_the_United_States \"Barbecue in the United States\") [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_barbecue \"Chicago-style barbecue\") [Kansas City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"Kansas City–style barbecue\") [Memphis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis-style_barbecue \"Memphis-style barbecue\") [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina \"Barbecue in North Carolina\") [Santa Maria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santa_Maria%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"Santa Maria–style barbecue\") [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina \"Barbecue in South Carolina\") [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"St. Louis–style barbecue\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_Texas \"Barbecue in Texas\") |\n| Cookers and related | [Barbecue grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_grill \"Barbecue grill\") [Barrel barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_barbecue \"Barrel barbecue\") [Buccan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buccan \"Buccan\") [Charbroiler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charbroiler \"Charbroiler\") [Chimney starter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chimney_starter \"Chimney starter\") [Disposable grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disposable_grill \"Disposable grill\") [Flattop grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattop_grill \"Flattop grill\") [Gridiron](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gridiron_\\(cooking\\) \"Gridiron (cooking)\") [Grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") [Hibachi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hibachi \"Hibachi\") [Kamado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamado \"Kamado\") [Pit barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pit_barbecue \"Pit barbecue\") [Shichirin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shichirin \"Shichirin\") [Smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoking (cooking)\") ([Smoke ring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoke_ring_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoke ring (cooking)\")) |\n| Foods and dishes | [List of barbecue dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_dishes \"List of barbecue dishes\") [List of smoked foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_smoked_foods \"List of smoked foods\") [Anticuchos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anticucho \"Anticucho\") [Arrosticini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrosticini \"Arrosticini\") [Bakkwa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bakkwa \"Bakkwa\") [Barbecue chicken](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_chicken \"Barbecue chicken\") [Barbecue sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_sandwich \"Barbecue sandwich\") [Barbecue sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_sauce \"Barbecue sauce\") [Brochette](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brochette \"Brochette\") [Bulgogi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgogi \"Bulgogi\") [Bull roast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bull_roast \"Bull roast\") [Burnt ends](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burnt_ends \"Burnt ends\") [Cha siu bao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cha_siu_bao \"Cha siu bao\") [Chuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuan_\\(food\\) \"Chuan (food)\") [Churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") [Cocoloși](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cocolo%C8%99i \"Cocoloși\") [Corn on the cob](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corn_on_the_cob \"Corn on the cob\") [Espetada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espetada \"Espetada\") [Fatányéros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fat%C3%A1ny%C3%A9ros \"Fatányéros\") [Frigărui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frig%C4%83rui \"Frigărui\") [Galinha à africana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galinha_%C3%A0_africana \"Galinha à africana\") [Isaw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaw \"Isaw\") [Jeok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeok \"Jeok\") [Jujeh kabab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jujeh_kabab \"Jujeh kabab\") [Kabab barg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabab_barg \"Kabab barg\") [Kai yang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kai_yang \"Kai yang\") [Kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kebab \"Kebab\") [Khorkhog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khorkhog \"Khorkhog\") [Khorovats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khorovats \"Khorovats\") [Karsi khorovats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karsi_khorovats \"Karsi khorovats\") [Khazani khorovats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khazani_khorovats \"Khazani khorovats\") [Kofte kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kofte_kebab \"Kofte kebab\") [Méchoui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9choui \"Méchoui\") [Meurav Yerushalmi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meurav_Yerushalmi \"Meurav Yerushalmi\") [Mixiote](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mixiote \"Mixiote\") [Mookata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mookata \"Mookata\") [Mućkalica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mu%C4%87kalica \"Mućkalica\") [Mu ping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mu_ping \"Mu ping\") [Neobiani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neobiani \"Neobiani\") [Pig pickin'](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pig_pickin%27 \"Pig pickin'\") [Pig roast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pig_roast \"Pig roast\") [Pinchitos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinchitos \"Pinchitos\") [Provoleta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provoleta \"Provoleta\") [Pulled pork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pulled_pork \"Pulled pork\") [Ražnjići](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i \"Ražnjići\") [Red slaw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_slaw \"Red slaw\") [Ribs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribs_\\(food\\) \"Ribs (food)\") [Beef](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beef_ribs \"Beef ribs\") [Short ribs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Short_ribs \"Short ribs\") [Pork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pork_ribs \"Pork ribs\") [Spare ribs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spare_ribs \"Spare ribs\") [Satay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satay \"Satay\") [Sausage sizzle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sausage_sizzle \"Sausage sizzle\") [Shashlik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shashlik \"Shashlik\") [Shish kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shish_kebab \"Shish kebab\") [Shish taouk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shish_taouk \"Shish taouk\") [Sosatie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sosatie \"Sosatie\") [Souvlaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Souvlaki \"Souvlaki\") [Suckling pig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suckling_pig \"Suckling pig\") [Suya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suya \"Suya\") [Texas smoked brisket](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_smoked_brisket \"Texas smoked brisket\") [Tsukune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsukune \"Tsukune\") [Whole hog barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whole_hog_barbecue \"Whole hog barbecue\") [Yakitori](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakitori \"Yakitori\") |\n| Societies and festivals | [Australasian Barbecue Alliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australasian_Barbecue_Alliance \"Australasian Barbecue Alliance\") [Big Pig Jig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Pig_Jig \"Big Pig Jig\") [International Bar-B-Q Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Bar-B-Q_Festival \"International Bar-B-Q Festival\") [Kansas City Barbeque Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City_Barbeque_Society \"Kansas City Barbeque Society\") [Khorovats Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khorovats_Festival \"Khorovats Festival\") [Leskovac Grill Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leskovac_Grill_Festival \"Leskovac Grill Festival\") [Lexington Barbecue Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival \"Lexington Barbecue Festival\") [Memphis in May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis_in_May \"Memphis in May\") [North Carolina Barbecue Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Carolina_Barbecue_Society \"North Carolina Barbecue Society\") [Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roanoke-Chowan_Pork-Fest \"Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest\") |\n| Misc. | [Barbecue restaurant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_restaurant \"Barbecue restaurant\") [List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_restaurants \"List of barbecue restaurants\") [Churrascaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrascaria \"Churrascaria\") |\n| **[![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Foodlogo2.svg\/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Food \"Portal:Food\")** ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) **[Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Barbecue \"Category:Barbecue\")** [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg \"Commons page\") **[Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Barbecued_food \"commons:Category:Barbecued food\")** ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/People_icon.svg\/20px-People_icon.svg.png) **[WikiProject Food and drink](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink \"Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink\")** |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cooking_techniques \"Template:Cooking techniques\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Cooking_techniques \"Template talk:Cooking techniques\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Cooking_techniques \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Cooking techniques\")[Cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooking \"Cooking\") techniques |   |\n|---|---|\n| [List of cooking techniques](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_cooking_techniques \"List of cooking techniques\") |   |\n| Dry |   |\n|   |   |\n| Conduction | [Dry roasting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dry_roasting \"Dry roasting\") [Hot salt frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_salt_frying \"Hot salt frying\") [Searing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Searing \"Searing\") |\n| Convection | [Baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baking \"Baking\") [Roasting (modern)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\") [Smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoking (cooking)\") [Barbecue]() |\n| Radiation | [Charbroiler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charbroiler \"Charbroiler\") [Grilling (charbroiling)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") [Roasting (traditional)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\") [Rotisserie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rotisserie \"Rotisserie\") [Toasting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toast_\\(food\\) \"Toast (food)\") |\n| Wet |   |\n|   |   |\n| High heat | [Blanching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blanching_\\(cooking\\) \"Blanching (cooking)\") [Boiling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boiling#In_cooking \"Boiling\") [Decoction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decoction \"Decoction\") [Parboiling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parboiling \"Parboiling\") [Shocking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shocking_\\(cooking\\) \"Shocking (cooking)\") [Reduction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reduction_\\(cooking\\) \"Reduction (cooking)\") |\n| Low heat | [Coddling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coddling \"Coddling\") [Creaming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Creaming_\\(cooking\\) \"Creaming (cooking)\") [Infusion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infusion \"Infusion\") [Poaching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poaching_\\(cooking\\) \"Poaching (cooking)\") [Simmering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simmering \"Simmering\") [Low-temperature cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low-temperature_cooking \"Low-temperature cooking\") [Smothering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smothering_\\(cooking\\) \"Smothering (cooking)\") [Steeping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steeping \"Steeping\") [Stewing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stew \"Stew\") |\n| Indirect heat | [Bain-marie (Double boiling)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bain-marie \"Bain-marie\") [Sous vide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sous_vide \"Sous vide\") [Double steaming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Double_steaming \"Double steaming\") [Steaming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steaming \"Steaming\") |\n| Fat-based |   |\n|   |   |\n| High heat | [Basting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basting_\\(cooking\\) \"Basting (cooking)\") [Blackening](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackening_\\(cooking\\) \"Blackening (cooking)\") [Browning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Browning_\\(cooking\\) \"Browning (cooking)\") [Frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frying \"Frying\") [Deep frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_frying \"Deep frying\") [Pan frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan_frying \"Pan frying\") [Shallow frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shallow_frying \"Shallow frying\") [Stir frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stir_frying \"Stir frying\") [Sautéing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saut%C3%A9ing \"Sautéing\") |\n| Low heat | [Gentle frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gentle_frying \"Gentle frying\") [Sweating](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweating_\\(cooking\\) \"Sweating (cooking)\") |\n| Mixed medium | [Carryover cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carryover_cooking \"Carryover cooking\") [Barbecuing]() [Braising](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Braising \"Braising\") [Caramelization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caramelization \"Caramelization\") [Deglazing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deglazing_\\(cooking\\) \"Deglazing (cooking)\") [Discada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discada \"Discada\") [Flambé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flamb%C3%A9 \"Flambé\") [Fricassee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fricassee \"Fricassee\") [Indirect grilling\/Plank cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indirect_grilling \"Indirect grilling\") [Stir frying (chao)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stir_frying#Chao_technique \"Stir frying\") |\n| Device-based | [Air frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convection_oven#Air_fryer \"Convection oven\") [Dum pukht](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dum_pukht \"Dum pukht\") [Microwaving](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microwave_oven \"Microwave oven\") [Pressure cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pressure_cooker \"Pressure cooker\") [Pressure frying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pressure_frying \"Pressure frying\") [Slow cooker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slow_cooker \"Slow cooker\") [Thermal cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_cooking \"Thermal cooking\") |\n| Non-heat | [Aging](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aging_\\(food\\) \"Aging (food)\") [Brining](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brining \"Brining\") [Burying in ground](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Igunaq \"Igunaq\") [Curing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curing_\\(food_preservation\\) \"Curing (food preservation)\") [Drying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_drying \"Food drying\") [Fermenting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fermentation_in_food_processing \"Fermentation in food processing\") [Juicing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juicing \"Juicing\") [Pickling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pickling \"Pickling\") [Purée](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pur%C3%A9e \"Purée\") [Salting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salting_\\(food\\) \"Salting (food)\") [Souring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Souring \"Souring\") |\n| See also | [List of cooking appliances](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_cooking_appliances \"List of cooking appliances\") [List of cooking vessels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_cooking_vessels \"List of cooking vessels\") [Outdoor cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outdoor_cooking \"Outdoor cooking\") [Food preparation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_food_preparation \"Outline of food preparation\") [Food preservation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_preservation \"Food preservation\") [Food safety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_safety \"Food safety\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Cuisine \"Category:Cuisine\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Meals_navbox \"Template:Meals navbox\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Meals_navbox \"Template talk:Meals navbox\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Meals_navbox \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Meals navbox\")[Meals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meal \"Meal\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Common meals | [Suhur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suhur \"Suhur\") [Breakfast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast \"Breakfast\") [Second breakfast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_breakfast \"Second breakfast\") [Elevenses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elevenses \"Elevenses\") [Coffee break](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Break_\\(work\\) \"Break (work)\") [Brunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunch \"Brunch\") [Lunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lunch \"Lunch\") [Tea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tea_\\(meal\\) \"Tea (meal)\") [Merienda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merienda \"Merienda\") [Tiffin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiffin \"Tiffin\") [Dinner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dinner \"Dinner\") [Supper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supper \"Supper\") [Iftar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iftar \"Iftar\") [Siu yeh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siu_yeh \"Siu yeh\") [Café com mistura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caf%C3%A9_com_mistura \"Café com mistura\") |\n| Components and [courses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Course_\\(food\\) \"Course (food)\") | [Apéritif and digestif](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif \"Apéritif and digestif\") [Hors d'oeuvre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hors_d%27oeuvre \"Hors d'oeuvre\") *[Amuse-bouche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amuse-bouche \"Amuse-bouche\")* [Soup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup \"Soup\") [Entrée](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Entr%C3%A9e \"Entrée\") [Roast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\") [Main course](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_course \"Main course\") [Salad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salad \"Salad\") [Side dish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Side_dish \"Side dish\") [Entremets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Entremets \"Entremets\") [Dessert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dessert \"Dessert\") [Savoury](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Savoury_\\(dish\\) \"Savoury (dish)\") [Meal replacement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meal_replacement \"Meal replacement\") [Snack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snack \"Snack\") |\n| [Table service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foodservice#Table_service \"Foodservice\") | [Buffet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffet \"Buffet\") [smörgåsbord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord \"Smörgåsbord\") [Conveyor belt sushi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conveyor_belt_sushi \"Conveyor belt sushi\") [Dish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dish_\\(food\\) \"Dish (food)\") [Finger food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger_food \"Finger food\") [Full-course dinner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Full-course_dinner \"Full-course dinner\") [Platter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Platter_\\(dinner\\) \"Platter (dinner)\") [Rodízio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rod%C3%ADzio \"Rodízio\") *[Service à la française](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Service_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise \"Service à la française\")* *[Service à la russe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Service_%C3%A0_la_russe \"Service à la russe\")* [Silver service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silver_service \"Silver service\") [Small plates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Small_plates \"Small plates\") [Table reservation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_reservation \"Table reservation\") |\n| Presentation | [Al fresco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al_fresco_dining \"Al fresco dining\") [Dining room](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dining_room \"Dining room\") [Eating utensils](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_eating_utensils \"List of eating utensils\") [Food presentation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_presentation \"Food presentation\") [Garnish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garnish_\\(cooking\\) \"Garnish (cooking)\") [Nyotaimori](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nyotaimori \"Nyotaimori\") [Pièce montée](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pi%C3%A8ce_mont%C3%A9e \"Pièce montée\") [Serving size](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serving_size \"Serving size\") [Table setting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_setting \"Table setting\") [Tablecloth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablecloth \"Tablecloth\") [Tableware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tableware \"Tableware\") |\n| Dining | [Dress code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dress_code \"Dress code\") [Table manners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_manners \"Table manners\") [Eating utensil etiquette](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eating_utensil_etiquette \"Eating utensil etiquette\") [Social class differences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_class_differences_in_food_consumption \"Social class differences in food consumption\") [Toast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toast_\\(honor\\) \"Toast (honor)\") [Waiting staff](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waiting_staff \"Waiting staff\") |\n| Regional styles | [Anju](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anju_\\(food\\) \"Anju (food)\") [Antipasto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antipasto \"Antipasto\") [Cicchetti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicchetti \"Cicchetti\") [Banchan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banchan \"Banchan\") \/ [Korean table d'hôte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_table_d%27h%C3%B4te \"Korean table d'hôte\") [Bandeja paisa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bandeja_paisa \"Bandeja paisa\") [Dastarkhān](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dastarkh%C4%81n \"Dastarkhān\") [Dim sum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dim_sum \"Dim sum\") \/ [Yum cha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yum_cha \"Yum cha\") [Fika](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fika_\\(Sweden\\) \"Fika (Sweden)\") [Izakaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Izakaya \"Izakaya\") \/ [Sakana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakana \"Sakana\") [Kaiseki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaiseki \"Kaiseki\") [Meat and three](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_and_three \"Meat and three\") [Meze](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meze \"Meze\") [Okazuya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okazuya \"Okazuya\") [Omakase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omakase \"Omakase\") [Plate lunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plate_lunch \"Plate lunch\") [Pu pu platter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pu_pu_platter \"Pu pu platter\") [Rice and three](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rice_and_three \"Rice and three\") [Rijsttafel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rijsttafel \"Rijsttafel\") [Sadhya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sadhya \"Sadhya\") [Smörgåsbord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord \"Smörgåsbord\") [Tapas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tapas \"Tapas\") [Thali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thali \"Thali\") [Tiffin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiffin \"Tiffin\") [Zakuski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zakuski \"Zakuski\") |\n| Packed | [Airline meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airline_meal \"Airline meal\") [Bento](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bento \"Bento\") [Convenience food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convenience_food \"Convenience food\") [Dosirak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosirak \"Dosirak\") [Ekiben](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ekiben \"Ekiben\") [Emergency rations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_rations \"Emergency rations\") [Fast food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_food \"Fast food\") [Field ration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Field_ration \"Field ration\") [Frozen meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_meal \"Frozen meal\") [Instant breakfast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instant_breakfast \"Instant breakfast\") [Jūbako](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C5%ABbako \"Jūbako\") [Ninja diet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ninja_diet \"Ninja diet\") [Packed lunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Packed_lunch \"Packed lunch\") [Space food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_food \"Space food\") [Take-out](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take-out \"Take-out\") |\n| [Menus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menu \"Menu\") and meal deals | *[À la carte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%80_la_carte \"À la carte\")* [Blue-plate special](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue-plate_special \"Blue-plate special\") [Combination meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Combination_meal \"Combination meal\") [Free lunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_lunch \"Free lunch\") [Free refill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_refill \"Free refill\") [Happy hour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Happy_hour \"Happy hour\") [Kids' meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kids%27_meal \"Kids' meal\") *[Menú del día](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Men%C3%BA_del_d%C3%ADa \"Menú del día\")* [School meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/School_meal \"School meal\") [Suspended meal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suspended_meal \"Suspended meal\") *[Table d'hôte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te \"Table d'hôte\")* [Tasting menu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tasting_menu \"Tasting menu\") \/ [Degustation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Degustation \"Degustation\") [Value menu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Value_menu \"Value menu\") |\n| [Communal meals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communal_meal \"Communal meal\") | [Banquet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banquet \"Banquet\") [State banquet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_banquet \"State banquet\") [Barbecue]() [Commercium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercium \"Commercium\") [Dining in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dining_in \"Dining in\") [Iftar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iftar \"Iftar\") [Picnic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picnic \"Picnic\") [Potluck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potluck \"Potluck\") [Seder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seder \"Seder\") [Sittning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sittning \"Sittning\") [Soup kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup_kitchen \"Soup kitchen\") [Supra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supra_\\(feast\\) \"Supra (feast)\") [Tableround](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tableround \"Tableround\") [Tea party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tea_party \"Tea party\") |\n| [Catering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catering \"Catering\") and [food delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_delivery \"Food delivery\") | [Food delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_delivery \"Food delivery\") [Online food ordering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_food_ordering \"Online food ordering\") [Virtual restaurant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtual_restaurant \"Virtual restaurant\") |\n| Places to eat | [Café](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffeehouse \"Coffeehouse\") [Cafeteria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cafeteria \"Cafeteria\") [Dining room](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dining_room \"Dining room\") [Food truck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_truck \"Food truck\") [Inn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inn \"Inn\") [Kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kitchen \"Kitchen\") [Mess](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mess \"Mess\") [Picnic table](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picnic_table \"Picnic table\") [Restaurant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restaurant \"Restaurant\") [Soup kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup_kitchen \"Soup kitchen\") [Street food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Street_food \"Street food\") [Tavern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tavern \"Tavern\") [Traiteur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traiteur_\\(culinary_profession\\) \"Traiteur (culinary profession)\") |\n| Related | [Coffee culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee_culture \"Coffee culture\") [Cook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cook_\\(profession\\) \"Cook (profession)\") [Cookbook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookbook \"Cookbook\") [Cooking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooking \"Cooking\") [Chef](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chef \"Chef\") [Culinary arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culinary_arts \"Culinary arts\") [Cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine \"Cuisine\") [outline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_cuisines \"Outline of cuisines\") [Drink](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drink \"Drink\") [Eating](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eating \"Eating\") [Food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food \"Food\") [Lists of food and beverage topics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lists_of_food_and_beverage_topics \"Lists of food and beverage topics\") [Meal preparation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meal_preparation \"Meal preparation\") [Outline of food preparation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_food_preparation \"Outline of food preparation\") [Salumeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salumeria \"Salumeria\") [Tea culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tea_culture \"Tea culture\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Meals \"Category:Meals\") [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg \"Commons page\") [Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Meals \"commons:Category:Meals\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States \"Template:Cuisine of the United States\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_the_United_States \"Template talk:Cuisine of the United States\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Cuisine of the United States\")[Cuisine of the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_cuisine \"American cuisine\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Historical | [Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies \"Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies\") [Culinary Revolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culinary_Revolution \"Culinary Revolution\") [Thanksgiving dinner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thanksgiving_dinner \"Thanksgiving dinner\") [History of bread in California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_bread_in_California \"History of bread in California\") |\n| Regional |   |\n|   |   |\n| General | [List of regional dishes of the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_regional_dishes_of_the_United_States \"List of regional dishes of the United States\") [List of regional beverages of the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_regional_beverages_of_the_United_States \"List of regional beverages of the United States\") |\n| Northeast | [Mid-Atlantic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Mid-Atlantic_states \"Cuisine of the Mid-Atlantic states\") [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey \"Cuisine of New Jersey\") New York [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_New_York_City \"Cuisine of New York City\") Pennsylvania [Allentown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Allentown,_Pennsylvania \"Cuisine of Allentown, Pennsylvania\") [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia \"Cuisine of Philadelphia\") [New England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_New_England \"Cuisine of New England\") |\n| [South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States \"Cuisine of the Southern United States\") | [Appalachia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appalachian_cuisine \"Appalachian cuisine\") [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Florida \"Cuisine of Florida\") ([Floribbean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floribbean_cuisine \"Floribbean cuisine\")) [Kentucky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Kentucky \"Cuisine of Kentucky\") Louisiana [Cajun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cajun_cuisine \"Cajun cuisine\") [Creole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine \"Louisiana Creole cuisine\") [New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_New_Orleans \"Cuisine of New Orleans\") [Lowcountry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lowcountry_cuisine \"Lowcountry cuisine\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texan_cuisine \"Texan cuisine\") [Barbecue in Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_Texas \"Barbecue in Texas\") [Tex-Mex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tex-Mex \"Tex-Mex\") |\n| [Midwest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States \"Cuisine of the Midwestern United States\") | [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Chicago#Food_and_drink \"Culture of Chicago\") [Kansas City-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City-style_barbecue \"Kansas City-style barbecue\") [North Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_North_Dakota \"Cuisine of North Dakota\") [Michigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Michigan \"Cuisine of Michigan\") [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Minnesota \"Cuisine of Minnesota\") [Ohio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Ohio \"Cuisine of Ohio\") [Cincinnati chili](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cincinnati_chili \"Cincinnati chili\") [Omaha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Omaha \"Cuisine of Omaha\") [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_St._Louis \"Cuisine of St. Louis\") [Wisconsin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Wisconsin \"Cuisine of Wisconsin\") |\n| [West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Western_United_States \"Cuisine of the Western United States\") | [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_California \"Cuisine of California\") [California cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_cuisine \"California cuisine\") [Southwestern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States \"Cuisine of the Southwestern United States\") [New Mexican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Mexican_cuisine \"New Mexican cuisine\") [Mormon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mormon_foodways \"Mormon foodways\") [Pacific Northwestern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine \"Pacific Northwest cuisine\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Hawaii \"Cuisine of Hawaii\") [Rocky Mountain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocky_Mountain_cuisine \"Rocky Mountain cuisine\") |\n| Territories | [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rican_cuisine \"Puerto Rican cuisine\") |\n| Ethnic | [African American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soul_food \"Soul food\") [American Cambodian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Cambodian_cuisine \"American Cambodian cuisine\") [American Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Chinese_cuisine \"American Chinese cuisine\") [American Jewish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Jewish_cuisine \"American Jewish cuisine\") [Cajun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cajun_cuisine \"Cajun cuisine\") [Filipino-American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filipino-American_cuisine \"Filipino-American cuisine\") [Greek-American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek-American_cuisine \"Greek-American cuisine\") [Italian-American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian-American_cuisine \"Italian-American cuisine\") [Mexican-American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican-American_cuisine \"Mexican-American cuisine\") [Native American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas#Native_American_cuisine_of_North_America \"Indigenous cuisine of the Americas\") [New Mexican (Neomexicano and Pueblo)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Mexican_cuisine \"New Mexican cuisine\") [Pennsylvania Dutch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch \"Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch\") [Tejano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tex-Mex \"Tex-Mex\") [Tlingit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tlingit_cuisine \"Tlingit cuisine\") |\n| List articles | [American foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_foods \"List of American foods\") [American breads](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_breads \"List of American breads\") [American cheeses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_cheeses \"List of American cheeses\") [American desserts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_desserts \"List of American desserts\") [American regional and fusion cuisines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_regional_and_fusion_cuisines \"List of American regional and fusion cuisines\") [American sandwiches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_sandwiches \"List of American sandwiches\") [American breakfast foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_breakfast_foods \"List of American breakfast foods\") [Foods of the Southern United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_foods_of_the_Southern_United_States \"List of foods of the Southern United States\") [Soul foods and dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_soul_foods_and_dishes \"List of soul foods and dishes\") |\n| Miscellaneous | [Barbecue]() [Bread in American cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bread_in_American_cuisine \"Bread in American cuisine\") [Christmas food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Christmas_dishes \"List of Christmas dishes\") [Fast food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_food \"Fast food\") |\n| Drinks | [Sweet tea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweet_tea \"Sweet tea\") [Root beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Root_beer \"Root beer\") [Coca-Cola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coca-Cola \"Coca-Cola\") [Egg cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egg_cream \"Egg cream\") [Milkshake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkshake \"Milkshake\") [Shirley Temple](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shirley_Temple_\\(drink\\) \"Shirley Temple (drink)\") [Italian soda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_soda \"Italian soda\") [Pepsi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pepsi \"Pepsi\") [American tea culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_tea_culture \"American tea culture\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category: American cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:American_cuisine \"Category:American cuisine\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Meat \"Template:Meat\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Meat \"Template talk:Meat\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Meat \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Meat\")[Meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat \"Meat\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| [Poultry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poultry \"Poultry\") | [Cassowary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cassowary \"Cassowary\") [Chicken](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicken_as_food \"Chicken as food\") [Duck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duck_as_food \"Duck as food\") [Emu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emu \"Emu\") [Goose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goose_as_food \"Goose as food\") [Ostrich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ostrich_meat \"Ostrich meat\") [Pigeon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squab \"Squab\") [Quail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quail_as_food \"Quail as food\") [Rhea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhea_\\(bird\\) \"Rhea (bird)\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey_as_food \"Turkey as food\") | [![Food meat](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ae\/FoodMeat.jpg\/120px-FoodMeat.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:FoodMeat.jpg \"Food meat\") [![Platter of seafood](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg\/120px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg \"Platter of seafood\") |\n| [Livestock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Livestock \"Livestock\") | [Alpaca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpaca \"Alpaca\") [Beef](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beef \"Beef\") [Beefalo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beefalo \"Beefalo\") [Bison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_bison \"American bison\") [Buffalo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo_meat \"Buffalo meat\") [Camel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camel_meat \"Camel meat\") [Cat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cat_meat \"Cat meat\") [Goat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goat_meat \"Goat meat\") [Dog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dog_meat \"Dog meat\") [Donkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donkey_meat \"Donkey meat\") [Snails](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snails_as_food \"Snails as food\") [Frog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frog_legs \"Frog legs\") [Guinea pig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinea_pig \"Guinea pig\") [Horse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horse_meat \"Horse meat\") [Lamb and mutton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamb_and_mutton \"Lamb and mutton\") [Llama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Llama \"Llama\") [Pork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pork \"Pork\") [Veal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veal \"Veal\") [Yak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yak \"Yak\") [Żubroń](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%BBubro%C5%84 \"Żubroń\") |   |\n| [Game](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Game_\\(hunting\\) \"Game (hunting)\") | [Alligator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alligator_meat \"Alligator meat\") [Bat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bat_as_food \"Bat as food\") [Bear](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bear_hunting \"Bear hunting\") [Bushmeat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bushmeat \"Bushmeat\") [Boar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wild_boar \"Wild boar\") [Crocodile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crocodile_meat \"Crocodile meat\") [Elephant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elephant_meat \"Elephant meat\") [Fox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox#As_food \"Fox\") [Iguana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iguana_meat \"Iguana meat\") [Kangaroo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kangaroo_meat \"Kangaroo meat\") [Monkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_meat \"Monkey meat\") [Mouse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mouse#As_food \"Mouse\") [Pangolin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pangolin_trade \"Pangolin trade\") [Rat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rat_meat \"Rat meat\") [Hare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hare \"Hare\") [Rabbit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing \"Rabbit\") [Snake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snake#Consumption \"Snake\") [Turtle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turtle \"Turtle\") [Venison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venison \"Venison\") [Dog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dog_meat \"Dog meat\") [Wolf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolf_hunting \"Wolf hunting\") |   |\n| [Fish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fish_as_food \"Fish as food\") | [Anchovy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\") [Basa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basa_\\(fish\\) \"Basa (fish)\") [Bass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bass_\\(fish\\) \"Bass (fish)\") [Carp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carp#As_food \"Carp\") [Catfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catfish \"Catfish\") [Cod](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cod_as_food \"Cod as food\") [Crappie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crappie \"Crappie\") [Eel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eel_as_food \"Eel as food\") [Flounder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flounder \"Flounder\") [Grouper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grouper \"Grouper\") [Haddock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haddock \"Haddock\") [Halibut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halibut \"Halibut\") [Herring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herring_as_food \"Herring as food\") [Kingfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_mackerel \"King mackerel\") [Mackerel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mackerel_as_food \"Mackerel as food\") [Mahi Mahi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahi-mahi \"Mahi-mahi\") [Marlin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marlin \"Marlin\") [Milkfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkfish \"Milkfish\") [Orange roughy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_roughy \"Orange roughy\") [Pacific saury](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_saury \"Pacific saury\") [Perch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perch \"Perch\") [Pike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esox \"Esox\") [Pollock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cod_as_food \"Cod as food\") [Salmon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salmon_as_food \"Salmon as food\") [Sardine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sardines_as_food \"Sardines as food\") [Shark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_meat \"Shark meat\") [Sole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sole_\\(fish\\) \"Sole (fish)\") [Swai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iridescent_shark \"Iridescent shark\") [Swordfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swordfish \"Swordfish\") [Tilapia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tilapia \"Tilapia\") [Trout](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trout \"Trout\") [Tuna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuna_as_food \"Tuna as food\") [Wahoo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wahoo \"Wahoo\") [Walleye](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walleye \"Walleye\") |   |\n| [Shellfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shellfish \"Shellfish\") and other [seafood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seafood \"Seafood\") | [Abalone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abalone \"Abalone\") [Calamari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squid_as_food \"Squid as food\") [Chiton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiton \"Chiton\") [Clam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clam \"Clam\") [Crab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab_meat \"Crab meat\") [Crayfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crayfish_as_food \"Crayfish as food\") [Dolphin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolphin \"Dolphin\") [Jellyfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jellyfish_as_food \"Jellyfish as food\") [Lobster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lobster_as_food \"Lobster as food\") [Mussel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mussel \"Mussel\") [Octopus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Octopus_as_food \"Octopus as food\") [Oyster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oyster \"Oyster\") [Scallop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scallop \"Scallop\") [Seal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seal_meat \"Seal meat\") [Shrimp\/prawn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food \"Shrimp and prawn as food\") [Sea cucumber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_cucumbers_as_food \"Sea cucumbers as food\") [Sea squirt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ascidiacea#Culinary \"Ascidiacea\") [Sea urchin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_urchin#As_food \"Sea urchin\") [Whale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_meat \"Whale meat\") |   |\n| [Insects](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insects_as_food \"Insects as food\") | [Ants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ant_eggs \"Ant eggs\") [Black soldier fly maggots](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermetia_illucens \"Hermetia illucens\") [Cicada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicada \"Cicada\") [Crickets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cricket_\\(insect\\) \"Cricket (insect)\") [Flour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cricket_flour \"Cricket flour\") [Grasshoppers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grasshopper \"Grasshopper\") ([locust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locust \"Locust\")) [Mealworm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mealworm \"Mealworm\") [Mezcal worm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mezcal_worm \"Mezcal worm\") [Mojojoy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mojojoy \"Mojojoy\") [Silkworm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombyx_mori \"Bombyx mori\") [Mopane worm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gonimbrasia_belina \"Gonimbrasia belina\") [Palm grub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhynchophorus \"Rhynchophorus\") |   |\n| Cuts and preparation | [Aged](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_hanging \"Meat hanging\") [Bacon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bacon \"Bacon\") [Barbecued]() [Biltong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biltong \"Biltong\") [Braised](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Braising \"Braising\") [Burger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patty \"Patty\") [Charcuterie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charcuterie \"Charcuterie\") [Chop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_chop \"Meat chop\") [Confit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confit#Meat_confit \"Confit\") [Corned](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corned_beef \"Corned beef\") [Cured](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curing_\\(food_preservation\\) \"Curing (food preservation)\") [Cutlet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutlet \"Cutlet\") [Dried](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dried_meat \"Dried meat\") [Dum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dum_pukht \"Dum pukht\") [Fermented](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fermented_meat \"Fermented meat\") [Fillet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fillet_\\(cut\\) \"Fillet (cut)\")\/[supreme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_\\(cooking\\) \"Supreme (cooking)\") [Forcemeat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forcemeat \"Forcemeat\") [Cretons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cretons \"Cretons\") [Pâté](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9 \"Pâté\") [Fried](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frying \"Frying\") [Frozen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_food \"Frozen food\") [Ground](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ground_meat \"Ground meat\") [Ham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ham \"Ham\") [Jerky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerky \"Jerky\") [Kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kebab \"Kebab\") [Kidney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidney_\\(food\\) \"Kidney (food)\") [Liver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liver_\\(food\\) \"Liver (food)\") [Luncheon meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lunch_meat \"Lunch meat\") [Marinated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marination \"Marination\") [Meatball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meatball \"Meatball\") [Meatloaf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meatloaf \"Meatloaf\") [Offal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offal \"Offal\") [Pickled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pickling \"Pickling\") [Pemmican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pemmican \"Pemmican\") [Poached](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poaching_\\(cooking\\) \"Poaching (cooking)\") [Potted](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potted_meat \"Potted meat\") [Rillettes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rillettes \"Rillettes\") [Roasted](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\") [Salt-cured](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salting_\\(food\\)#Meat \"Salting (food)\") [Salumi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salumi \"Salumi\") [Sausage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sausage \"Sausage\") [Smoked](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoked_meat \"Smoked meat\") [Steak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steak \"Steak\") [Stewed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stew#Types_of_stew \"Stew\") [Tandoor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tandoor \"Tandoor\") [Tartare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steak_tartare \"Steak tartare\") |   |\n| List articles |   |   |\n|   |   |   |\n| [Meat dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_meat_dishes \"List of meat dishes\") | [Beef](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_beef_dishes \"List of beef dishes\") [Chicken](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_chicken_dishes \"List of chicken dishes\") [Fish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_fish_dishes \"List of fish dishes\") [Goat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_goat_dishes \"List of goat dishes\") [Lamb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_lamb_dishes \"List of lamb dishes\") [Pork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pork_dishes \"List of pork dishes\") [Ham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ham_dishes \"List of ham dishes\") [Seafood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_seafood_dishes \"List of seafood dishes\") [Veal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_veal_dishes \"List of veal dishes\") [Steaks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_steak_dishes \"List of steak dishes\") [Meatball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_meatball_dishes \"List of meatball dishes\") [Smoked foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_smoked_foods \"List of smoked foods\") [Sausage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_sausage_dishes \"List of sausage dishes\") |   |\n| Other | [Countries by meat consumption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption \"List of countries by meat consumption\") [Countries by meat production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_meat_production \"List of countries by meat production\") [Food and drink prohibitions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_and_drink_prohibitions \"Food and drink prohibitions\") [Meat substitutes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_meat_substitutes \"List of meat substitutes\") |   |\n| Ethics and psychology | [Ethics of eating meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethics_of_eating_meat \"Ethics of eating meat\") [Carnism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnism \"Carnism\") [Animal rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_rights \"Animal rights\") [Psychology of eating meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychology_of_eating_meat \"Psychology of eating meat\") [Meat paradox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox \"Psychology of eating meat\") |   |\n| Alternatives | [Vegetarianism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetarianism \"Vegetarianism\") [Semi-vegetarianism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flexitarianism \"Flexitarianism\") [Pescetarianism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescetarianism \"Pescetarianism\") [Pollotarianism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pollotarianism \"Pollotarianism\") [Plant-based diet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plant-based_diet \"Plant-based diet\") [Meat alternative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_alternative \"Meat alternative\") [Veganism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veganism \"Veganism\") |   |\n| [Meat science](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_science \"Meat science\") | [Beef hormone controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beef_hormone_controversy \"Beef hormone controversy\") [Drip loss](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drip_loss \"Drip loss\") [Feed conversion ratio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feed_conversion_ratio \"Feed conversion ratio\") [Preservation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_preservation \"Food preservation\") [Tenderness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_tenderness \"Meat tenderness\") [Water holding capacity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_water_holding_capacity \"Meat water holding capacity\") |   |\n| [Meat industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_industry \"Meat industry\") | [Broker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_broker \"Meat broker\") [Branch house](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Branch_house_\\(building\\) \"Branch house (building)\") [Butcher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butcher \"Butcher\") [Cutter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_cutter \"Meat cutter\") [Environmental impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture \"Environmental impacts of animal agriculture\") [Factory farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intensive_animal_farming \"Intensive animal farming\") [Jobber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_jobber \"Meat jobber\") [Packing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat-packing_industry \"Meat-packing industry\") [Slaughter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_slaughter \"Animal slaughter\") [Slaughterhouse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slaughterhouse \"Slaughterhouse\") |   |\n| Related subjects | [Arachnophagy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arachnophagy \"Arachnophagy\") [Artificial marbling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_marbling \"Artificial marbling\") [Cannibalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_cannibalism \"Human cannibalism\") [Case-ready meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Case-ready_meat \"Case-ready meat\") [Meat diaper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_diaper \"Meat diaper\") [Cultured meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultured_meat \"Cultured meat\") [Entomophagy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Entomophagy_in_humans \"Entomophagy in humans\") [Mystery meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mystery_meat \"Mystery meat\") [Offal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offal \"Offal\") [Non-vegetarian food in India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India \"Non-vegetarian food in India\") [Pink slime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pink_slime \"Pink slime\") [Raw meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raw_meat \"Raw meat\") [Red meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_meat \"Red meat\") [Roadkill cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roadkill_cuisine \"Roadkill cuisine\") [Warmed-over flavor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warmed-over_flavor \"Warmed-over flavor\") [White meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_meat \"White meat\") |   |\n| [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Foodlogo2.svg\/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Food \"Portal:Food\") ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category: Meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Meat \"Category:Meat\") |   |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q461696#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [GND](https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7634795-3) [2](https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4158203-2) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/sh85011786) [France](https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb11944081g) [BnF data](https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb11944081g) [Japan](https:\/\/id.ndl.go.jp\/auth\/ndlna\/001300320) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007282994505171) |\n| Other | [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/concept\/5081ef45-5e0e-45df-b68b-9ed2360d9fcd) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&oldid=1344028220>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Barbecue \"Category:Barbecue\")\n- [Eating parties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Eating_parties \"Category:Eating parties\")\n- [American cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:American_cuisine \"Category:American cuisine\")\n- [Anguillian cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Anguillian_cuisine \"Category:Anguillian cuisine\")\n- [Australian cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Australian_cuisine \"Category:Australian cuisine\")\n- [New Zealand cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:New_Zealand_cuisine \"Category:New Zealand cuisine\")\n- [Baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Baking \"Category:Baking\")\n- [Canadian cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Canadian_cuisine \"Category:Canadian cuisine\")\n- [Caribbean cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Caribbean_cuisine \"Category:Caribbean cuisine\")\n- [Cooking appliances](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Cooking_appliances \"Category:Cooking appliances\")\n- [Cooking techniques](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Cooking_techniques \"Category:Cooking techniques\")\n- [Cuisine of the Southern United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States \"Category:Cuisine of the Southern United States\")\n- [Culinary terminology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Culinary_terminology \"Category:Culinary terminology\")\n- [Kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Kitchen \"Category:Kitchen\")\n- [Earth oven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Earth_oven \"Category:Earth oven\")\n- [Fireplaces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Fireplaces \"Category:Fireplaces\")\n- [Garden features](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Garden_features \"Category:Garden features\")\n- [Haitian cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Haitian_cuisine \"Category:Haitian cuisine\")\n- [Culture of Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Culture_of_Texas \"Category:Culture of Texas\")\n- [Cuisine of the Southwestern United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States \"Category:Cuisine of the Southwestern United States\")\n- [British cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:British_cuisine \"Category:British cuisine\")\n- [Cuisine of the Western United 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nBarbecue\n\n46 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/Barbecued_meats.jpg\/500px-Barbecued_meats.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Barbecued_meats.jpg)\n\nMeat being barbecued at [The Salt Lick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Salt_Lick \"The Salt Lick\") restaurant\n\n**Barbecue** or **barbeque** (often shortened to **BBQ** worldwide; **barbie** or **barby** in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various [cooking methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooking_methods \"Cooking methods\") that employ live fire and smoke to cook food.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader [cuisines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine \"Cuisine\") that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly.\n\nThe various [regional variations of barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) Indirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or [smoking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoked_meat \"Smoked meat\") over wood or [charcoal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charcoal \"Charcoal\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, [grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") of food over hot coals or a gas fire.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2)\n\n## Etymology and spelling\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Etymology and spelling\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg\/250px-Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)\n\nThe original Arawak term *barabicu* was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame\n\nThe English word *barbecue* and its cognates in other languages come from the [Spanish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\") word *[barbacoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbacoa \"Barbacoa\")*, which has its origin in a [Taíno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%C3%ADno_language \"Taíno language\") word.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-3) [Etymologists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Etymologist \"Etymologist\") believe this to be derived from *barabicu* found in the language of the [Arawak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arawak \"Arawak\") people of the [Caribbean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caribbean \"Caribbean\") and the [Timucua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timucua \"Timucua\") people of [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida \"Florida\").[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-5) The *[Oxford English Dictionary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary \"Oxford English Dictionary\")* (OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a \"framework of sticks set upon posts\".[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6)\n\nA popular [folk etymology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folk_etymology \"Folk etymology\") of the word says that the term is derived from the [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\") *barbe à queue* (\"from beard to tail\") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-7)\n\nThe term itself has two spellings in English: \"barbecue\" and \"barbeque\". While in most countries the spelling \"barbecue\" is used, the spelling \"barbeque\" is occasionally used in [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia \"Australia\"), [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\"),[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-8) and the US.\n\nSpanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word *barbecoa* in print in Spain in 1526 in the *Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española*. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found [Taíno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%C3%ADno \"Taíno\") roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-9) Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa.\n\nAnother form of *barbacoa* involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole [goat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goat_meat \"Goat meat\") or [lamb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamb_and_mutton \"Lamb and mutton\"), are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with [maguey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agave_americana \"Agave americana\") leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. [Olaudah Equiano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olaudah_Equiano \"Olaudah Equiano\"), an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the \"Mosquito people\" ([Miskito people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miskito_people \"Miskito people\")) on his journeys to [Cabo Gracias a Dios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabo_Gracias_a_Dios \"Cabo Gracias a Dios\") on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative *[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano \"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano\")*.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-10)\n\nLinguists have suggested the word was [loaned](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loanword \"Loanword\") successively into [Spanish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\"), then [Portuguese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\"), [French](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language \"French language\"), and [English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_language \"English language\"). In the form *barbacado*, the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract *A description of the province of New Albion*: \"the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish\".[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-11)\n\nAccording to the *Oxford English Dictionary*, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in [Edmund Hickeringill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Hickeringill \"Edmund Hickeringill\")'s *Jamaica Viewed*: \"Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat\";[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) it also appears in 1672 in the writings of [John Lederer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Lederer \"John Lederer\") following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-12)\n\nThe first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer [William Dampier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Dampier \"William Dampier\"). In his *New Voyage Round the World*, Dampier wrote, \"and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot \\[0.91 m\\] from the Ground\".[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Dampier-13)\n\nAs early as the 1730s, [New England Puritans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puritans \"Puritans\") were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: \"I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln \\[Colonel\\] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued.\"[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-14) [Samuel Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Johnson \"Samuel Johnson\")'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-15)\n\n- \"To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole [hog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pig \"Pig\")\" (attestation to Pope)\n- \"Barbecue – a hog dressed whole\"\n\nWhile the standard modern English spelling of the word is *barbecue*, variations including *barbeque* and truncations such as *bar-b-q* or *BBQ* may also be found.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-16) The spelling *barbeque* is given in [Merriam-Webster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merriam-Webster \"Merriam-Webster\") as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-17)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-18) In the Southeastern [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"), the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-19)\n\nBecause the word *barbecue* came from native groups, Europeans gave it \"savage connotations\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 24  This association with barbarians and \"savages\" is strengthened by [Edmund Hickeringill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Hickeringill \"Edmund Hickeringill\")'s work *Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements* through its descriptions of [cannibalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_cannibalism \"Human cannibalism\"). However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 32  Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in [Theodor de Bry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodor_de_Bry \"Theodor de Bry\")'s *Great Voyages*, which in Warnes's eyes, \"present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery \\[...\\] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 36  Today, people in the US associate barbecue with \"classic Americana\".[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 3\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/British_Barbecue.jpg\/250px-British_Barbecue.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:British_Barbecue.jpg)\n\nA British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Asado_2005.jpg\/250px-Asado_2005.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Asado_2005.jpg)\n\nA typical [asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\") in Argentina\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg\/250px-Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)\n\nKorean barbeque grill used for cooking *[galbi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galbi \"Galbi\")*\n\nIn [American English](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English \"Comparison of American and British English\") usage, [grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of [roasting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roasting \"Roasting\"). In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In [British](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_English \"British English\") usage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian [churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") and the [Southern Cone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Cone \"Southern Cone\") [asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\").[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-21)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg\/250px-Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)\n\nTypical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg\/250px-Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)\n\nA barbecued pig\n\nFor [barbecue in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_the_United_States \"Barbecue in the United States\"), each Southern locale has its [own variety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions. [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Carolina \"South Carolina\") is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized [barbecue sauces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_sauce \"Barbecue sauce\"), including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces. [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Carolina \"North Carolina\") sauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses [Lexington-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival \"Lexington Barbecue Festival\"), with a combination of [ketchup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ketchup \"Ketchup\") and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base. [Memphis barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis-style_barbecue \"Memphis-style barbecue\") is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning ([dry rubs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice_rub \"Spice rub\")) and [smoked](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_\\(cooking\\) \"Smoking (cooking)\") over [hickory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hickory \"Hickory\") wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-Food_Republic-22) [Kansas City barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"Kansas City–style barbecue\") is barbecue that originated in [Kansas City, Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City,_Missouri \"Kansas City, Missouri\") in the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-23) [St. Louis–style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"St. Louis–style barbecue\") refers to [spare ribs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spare_ribs \"Spare ribs\") associated with the [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\") area. These are usually [grilled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") rather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term \"barbecue\" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style. [St. Louis style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue \"St. Louis–style barbecue\") is known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-24)\n\nIn South Africa, [braais](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-27)\n\nIt is expected that people attending a [braai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\") bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as \"bring and braai\".[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:0-28) Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-29) Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) [Mielie pap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ugali \"Ugali\"), also known as \"Krummel pap\", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:2-30)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/Propane_smoker.jpg\/250px-Propane_smoker.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Propane_smoker.jpg)\n\nDiagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing\n\nBarbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG\/250px-Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)\n\nA public barbecue site at a park in [Oulu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oulu \"Oulu\"), Finland, on 23 March 2014\n\nGrilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or [pellets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pellet_grill \"Pellet grill\"). The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired [internal temperature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doneness \"Doneness\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-31)[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-32)\n\nSmoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and\/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as [beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer \"Beer\") or [smoked beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoked_beer \"Smoked beer\") are also smoked.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-34)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/BBQ_Lamb.jpg\/250px-BBQ_Lamb.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BBQ_Lamb.jpg)\n\nLamb grilling over hot coals\n\n[Grilling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilling \"Grilling\") is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-35)\n\nThe words \"barbecue\" and \"grilling\" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-36)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-37)\n\nIn practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional.\n\nThe term *barbecue* is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are [potato chips](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potato_chip \"Potato chip\").[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_note-38)\n\n- [List of barbecue dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_dishes \"List of barbecue dishes\") – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method\n- [List of barbecue restaurants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_barbecue_restaurants \"List of barbecue restaurants\")\n- [List of smoked foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_smoked_foods \"List of smoked foods\")\n\n- [Regional variations of barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\")\n  - [Asado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asado \"Asado\") – Barbecue style in various South American countries\n  - [Braai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Braai \"Braai\"), South Africa\n  - [Churrasco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churrasco \"Churrasco\") – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil\n  - [Korean barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_barbecue \"Korean barbecue\") – Regional style of food preparation\n  - [Memphis-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memphis-style_barbecue \"Memphis-style barbecue\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Mongolian barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_barbecue \"Mongolian barbecue\") – Stir-fried dish\n  - [Nyama choma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nyama_choma \"Nyama choma\") – Grilled goat meat, Kenya\n  - [Kansas City-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City-style_barbecue \"Kansas City-style barbecue\") – Dish of slowly smoked meat\n  - [Kebab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kebab \"Kebab\") – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East\n  - [Mangal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangal_\\(barbecue\\) \"Mangal (barbecue)\") – Middle Eastern barbecue\n  - [Mashawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_variations_of_barbecue \"Regional variations of barbecue\")\n  - [North Carolina barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina \"Barbecue in North Carolina\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Satay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satay \"Satay\") – Southeast Asian form of kebab\n  - [Shaokao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaokao \"Shaokao\") – Chinese term for barbecue\n  - [Siu mei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siu_mei \"Siu mei\") – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat\n  - [South Carolina barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina \"Barbecue in South Carolina\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Souvla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Souvla \"Souvla\") – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat\n  - [St. Louis-style barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis-style_barbecue \"St. Louis-style barbecue\") – Spare ribs dish\n  - [Texas Barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue_in_Texas \"Barbecue in Texas\") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States\n  - [Yakiniku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakiniku \"Yakiniku\") – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan\n\n- [Barrel barbecue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_barbecue \"Barrel barbecue\") – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel\n- [Buccan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buccan \"Buccan\") – Device for grilling\n- [Burnt ends](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burnt_ends \"Burnt ends\") – Barbecued meat delicacy\n- [Carne asada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carne_asada \"Carne asada\") – Dish of grilled and sliced beef\n- [Ribfest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribfest \"Ribfest\") – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada\n- [Shashlik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shashlik \"Shashlik\") – Form of shish kebab\n- [Spice rub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice_rub \"Spice rub\") – Spices rubbed on food before cooking\n- [Teppanyaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teppanyaki \"Teppanyaki\") – Style of Japanese cuisine\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-2)\n   Bawdon, Michael. [\"A guide to different types of barbecue\"](https:\/\/www.greatbritishchefs.com\/features\/types-of-barbecue-guide). Great British Chefs. Retrieved 8 April 2021.\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-1)\n   Moss, RF (2020). *Barbecue: the history of an American institution*. University Alabama Press.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-3)**\n   Hakim, Joy (2005). *The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600* (3rd ed.). [Oxford University Press](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_University_Press \"Oxford University Press\"). p. 121.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-4)**\n   Hale, C. Clark (2000). *The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual*. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [0936171022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0936171022 \"Special:BookSources\/0936171022\")\n   \n   .\n   \n   \\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-5)**\n   Rachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024). [\"Where did the term barbecue come from?\"](https:\/\/www.chefsresource.com\/faq\/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from\/). ChefsResource. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20251008044428\/https:\/\/www.chefsresource.com\/faq\/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from\/) from the original on 8 October 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025.\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-1)\n   [\"Oxford Dictionary\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210421063037\/http:\/\/old.cbbqa.org\/history\/secondary\/OxfordEngDictionary.html). Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/old.cbbqa.org\/history\/secondary\/OxfordEngDictionary.html) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Barbecue\"](https:\/\/www.worldwidewords.org\/qa\/qa-bar1.htm). *World Wide Words*. Retrieved 11 July 2023.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia\"](https:\/\/zgrills.com.au\/barbeque-or-barbecue\/). 25 September 2020.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-9)**\n   Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003). [*Caribbean Wow 2.0*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tXbo9H6t1TcC&q=barbecue+Haiti+barbacoa+Columbus&pg=PA69) (1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9781929970049](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781929970049 \"Special:BookSources\/9781929970049\")\n   \n   . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-10)**\n    Equino, Olaudah (2012). [*The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=hkjCHNpp0woC). Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1625584717](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1625584717 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1625584717\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-11)**\n    Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). \"4\". [*A description of the province of New Albion*](https:\/\/www.virtualjamestown.org\/exist\/cocoon\/jamestown\/fha\/J1053). Retrieved 15 March 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-12)**\n    Lederer, John (1672). [*The Discoveries of John Lederer*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VAsOAAAAIAAJ&q=barbecue). p. 28. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Dampier_13-0)**\n    Dampier, William. [*A New Voyage Round the World*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=R-LuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20). Ripol Classic. p. 20. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [1148385150](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1148385150 \"Special:BookSources\/1148385150\")\n    \n    . Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-14)**\n    Hempstead, Joshua (1901). *Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut*. New London County Historical Society. p. 241. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780259727545](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780259727545 \"Special:BookSources\/9780259727545\")\n    \n    .\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-15)**\n    Johnson, Samuel (1756). [*A dictionary of the English language*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RwwUAAAAQAAJ&q=ba%27rbecue). Oxford University. p. 70. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways\"](http:\/\/www.storysouth.com\/winter2003\/bbqframe.html). *storySouth*. 5 April 2002. Retrieved 6 September 2012.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service \"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\"))\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"Barbeque\"](https:\/\/www.m-w.com\/dictionary\/barbeque). Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 September 2012.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"Definition of barbecue\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101106031235\/http:\/\/www.oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/barbecue). Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/barbecue) on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2013.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"America searches for the perfect barbecue\"](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=f3DuAAAAMAAJ&q=barbecue+meaning+southeast+pork). *Newsweek*. **103** (19–26\\). May 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n    \n    \\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n20. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-3)\n    Warnes, Andrew (2008). [*Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=HLhD_lIRatsC). University of Georgia Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780820328966](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780820328966 \"Special:BookSources\/9780820328966\")\n    \n    .\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-21)**\n    Matthew Bell (18 July 2013). [\"Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way \\| Reviews \\| Lifestyle\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/reviews\/gaucho-grill-how-to-cook-the-argentinian-way-8717832.html). *The Independent*. Retrieved 12 December 2015.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-Food_Republic_22-0)**\n    [\"A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic\"](https:\/\/www.foodrepublic.com\/2012\/03\/13\/a-year-of-barbecue-kentucky-mutton\/). *Food Republic*. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals\"](https:\/\/www.visitkc.com\/bbq\/barbecue-beginnings\/). *Visit KC*. Retrieved 29 June 2025.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025\"](https:\/\/www.masterclass.com\/articles\/st-louis-style-barbecue-explained). *MasterClass*. Retrieved 29 June 2025.\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-2)\n    Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). \"The braai unites South Africans\". *Christian Science Monitor*. **94**: 16.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-1)\n    Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016). [\"South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/25\/dining\/braai.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). Retrieved 6 April 2021.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-27)**\n    [\"Things You Must Know About South African Braai -\"](https:\/\/bbqboy.net\/things-you-must-know-about-south-african-braai\/). *The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky*. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:0_28-0)**\n    Isabella., Morris (2017). [*South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture*](https:\/\/worldcat.org\/oclc\/1001989214). Kuperard. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-78702-966-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-78702-966-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-78702-966-8\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\\(identifier\\) \"OCLC (identifier)\") [1001989214](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1001989214).\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-29)**\n    Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). \"S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing\". *Christian Science Monitor*. **89**.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-:2_30-0)**\n    Nugent, Paul (December 2010). [\"Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa\"](https:\/\/www.pure.ed.ac.uk\/ws\/files\/8216624\/Do_nations_have_stomachs.pdf) (PDF). *Africa Spectrum*. **45** (3): 87–113\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1177\/000203971004500305](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F000203971004500305). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0002-0397](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0002-0397). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [73719750](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:73719750).\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-31)**\n    McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015). [\"How to cook meat properly on the barbecue\"](http:\/\/www.bbcgoodfood.com\/howto\/guide\/how-cook-meat-properly-barbecue). BBC Good Food. Retrieved 14 April 2016.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"Barbecue 101\"](https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/article\/Techniques\/Barbecue-101). SAVEUR. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-33)**\n    Colby, Chris. [\"Smoked Beer\"](https:\/\/byo.com\/mead\/item\/1720-smoked-beer). Retrieved 19 October 2017.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-34)** McGee p. 767: \"Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt.\"\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?\"](https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1392015\/grill-vs-barbecue-do-you-know-the-difference\/). *Global News*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-36)**\n    Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015). [\"The difference between grilling and barbecue\"](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/03\/living\/barbecue-bbq-grilling-july-4-feat\/). *CNN*. Retrieved 16 May 2018.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-37)**\n    [\"Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking \\| HomeyCart\"](https:\/\/homeycart.com\/bbq-grilling-smoking-difference\/). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbecue#cite_ref-38)**\n    Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009). [*Food and Nutrition\/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=OVjeiDYHP8cC&q=barbecue+flavoring+added+to+food+items+such+as++potato+chips&pg=PA89). Marshall Cavendish. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780761478201](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780761478201 \"Special:BookSources\/9780761478201\")\n    \n    .\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg)\n\nLook up ***[barbecue](https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/barbecue \"wiktionary:Special:Search\/barbecue\")*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.\n\n- [\"Barbecue\"](https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\/Barbecue) . *[Encyclopædia Britannica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition \"Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition\")*. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.\n- [Barbecue Food Safety](https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/about-usda\/news\/press-releases\/2021\/05\/27\/usda-provides-food-safety-tips-grilling-pros-and-beginners) (US Dept. of Agriculture)\n- [The Internet BBQ FAQ](http:\/\/www.cbbqa.org\/wiki\/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210427203400\/http:\/\/www.cbbqa.org\/wiki\/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) 27 April 2021 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n- [Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art](https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2021687701\/) Web cast from the [Library of Congress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress \"Library of Congress\")","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Meat being barbecued at The Salt Lick restaurant Barbecue or barbeque (often shortened to BBQ worldwide; barbie or barby in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various cooking methods that employ live fire and smoke to cook food. [ 1 ] The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader cuisines that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly. The various regional variations of barbecue can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating. [ 1 ] Indirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or smoking over wood or charcoal . [ 2 ] These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, grilling of food over hot coals or a gas fire. [ 1 ] This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences. [ 2 ] Etymology and spelling [ edit ] The original Arawak term barabicu was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame The English word barbecue and its cognates in other languages come from the Spanish word barbacoa , which has its origin in a Taíno word. [ 3 ] Etymologists believe this to be derived from barabicu found in the language of the Arawak people of the Caribbean and the Timucua people of Florida . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a "framework of sticks set upon posts". [ 6 ] A popular folk etymology of the word says that the term is derived from the French barbe à queue ("from beard to tail") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology. [ 7 ] The term itself has two spellings in English: "barbecue" and "barbeque". While in most countries the spelling "barbecue" is used, the spelling "barbeque" is occasionally used in Australia , New Zealand , [ 8 ] and the US. Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word barbecoa in print in Spain in 1526 in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española . After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found Taíno roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor. [ 9 ] Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa. Another form of barbacoa involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole goat or lamb , are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with maguey leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. Olaudah Equiano , an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the "Mosquito people" ( Miskito people ) on his journeys to Cabo Gracias a Dios on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano . [ 10 ] Linguists have suggested the word was loaned successively into Spanish , then Portuguese , French , and English . In the form barbacado , the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract A description of the province of New Albion : "the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish". [ 11 ] According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in Edmund Hickeringill 's Jamaica Viewed : "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat"; [ 6 ] it also appears in 1672 in the writings of John Lederer following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670. [ 12 ] The first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer William Dampier . In his New Voyage Round the World , Dampier wrote, "and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot [0.91 m] from the Ground". [ 13 ] As early as the 1730s, New England Puritans were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: "I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln [Colonel] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued." [ 14 ] Samuel Johnson 's 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions: [ 15 ] "To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole hog " (attestation to Pope) "Barbecue – a hog dressed whole" While the standard modern English spelling of the word is barbecue , variations including barbeque and truncations such as bar-b-q or BBQ may also be found. [ 16 ] The spelling barbeque is given in Merriam-Webster as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] In the Southeastern United States , the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked. [ 19 ] Because the word barbecue came from native groups, Europeans gave it "savage connotations". [ 20 ] : 24 This association with barbarians and "savages" is strengthened by Edmund Hickeringill 's work Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements through its descriptions of cannibalism . However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true. [ 20 ] : 32 Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in Theodor de Bry 's Great Voyages , which in Warnes's eyes, "present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery [...] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence". [ 20 ] : 36 Today, people in the US associate barbecue with "classic Americana". [ 20 ] : 3 A British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables A typical asado in Argentina Korean barbeque grill used for cooking galbi In American English usage, grilling refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of roasting . In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In British usage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian churrasco and the Southern Cone asado . [ 21 ] Typical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast A barbecued pig For barbecue in the United States , each Southern locale has its own variety of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions. South Carolina is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized barbecue sauces , including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces. North Carolina sauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses Lexington-style barbecue , with a combination of ketchup and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base. Memphis barbecue is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning ( dry rubs ) and smoked over hickory wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side. [ 22 ] Kansas City barbecue is barbecue that originated in Kansas City, Missouri in the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes. [ 23 ] St. Louis–style barbecue refers to spare ribs associated with the St. Louis area. These are usually grilled rather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term "barbecue" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style. St. Louis style barbecue is known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs [ 24 ] In South Africa, braais are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity. [ 25 ] The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition. [ 26 ] Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used. [ 26 ] The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat. [ 27 ] It is expected that people attending a braai bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as "bring and braai". [ 28 ] Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill. [ 29 ] Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish. [ 25 ] Mielie pap , also known as "Krummel pap", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish. [ 30 ] [ 25 ] Diagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing Barbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking. A public barbecue site at a park in Oulu , Finland, on 23 March 2014 Grilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or pellets . The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired internal temperature . [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Smoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as beer or smoked beer are also smoked. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Lamb grilling over hot coals Grilling is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat. [ 35 ] The words "barbecue" and "grilling" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] In practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional. The term barbecue is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are potato chips . [ 38 ] List of barbecue dishes – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method List of barbecue restaurants List of smoked foods Regional variations of barbecue Asado – Barbecue style in various South American countries Braai , South Africa Churrasco – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil Korean barbecue – Regional style of food preparation Memphis-style barbecue – Regional style of food preparation in the United States Mongolian barbecue – Stir-fried dish Nyama choma – Grilled goat meat, Kenya Kansas City-style barbecue – Dish of slowly smoked meat Kebab – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East Mangal – Middle Eastern barbecue Mashawi North Carolina barbecue – Regional style of food preparation in the United States Satay – Southeast Asian form of kebab Shaokao – Chinese term for barbecue Siu mei – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat South Carolina barbecue – Regional style of food preparation in the United States Souvla – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat St. Louis-style barbecue – Spare ribs dish Texas Barbecue – Regional style of food preparation in the United States Yakiniku – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan Barrel barbecue – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel Buccan – Device for grilling Burnt ends – Barbecued meat delicacy Carne asada – Dish of grilled and sliced beef Ribfest – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada Shashlik – Form of shish kebab Spice rub – Spices rubbed on food before cooking Teppanyaki – Style of Japanese cuisine ^ a b c Bawdon, Michael. "A guide to different types of barbecue" . Great British Chefs . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ a b Moss, RF (2020). Barbecue: the history of an American institution . University Alabama Press. ^ Hakim, Joy (2005). The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600 (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press . p. 121. ^ Hale, C. Clark (2000). The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual . McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co. ISBN 0936171022 . [ page needed ] ^ Rachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024). "Where did the term barbecue come from?" . ChefsResource. Archived from the original on 8 October 2025 . Retrieved 8 October 2025 . ^ a b "Oxford Dictionary" . Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ "Barbecue" . World Wide Words . Retrieved 11 July 2023 . ^ "Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia" . 25 September 2020. ^ Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003). Caribbean Wow 2.0 (1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27. ISBN 9781929970049 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ Equino, Olaudah (2012). The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano . Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316. ISBN 978-1625584717 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). "4". A description of the province of New Albion . Retrieved 15 March 2019 . ^ Lederer, John (1672). The Discoveries of John Lederer . p. 28 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ Dampier, William. A New Voyage Round the World . Ripol Classic. p. 20. ISBN 1148385150 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ Hempstead, Joshua (1901). Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut . New London County Historical Society. p. 241. ISBN 9780259727545 . ^ Johnson, Samuel (1756). A dictionary of the English language . Oxford University. p. 70 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ "southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways" . storySouth . 5 April 2002 . Retrieved 6 September 2012 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ^ "Barbeque" . Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Retrieved 6 September 2012 . ^ "Definition of barbecue" . Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010 . Retrieved 24 June 2013 . ^ "America searches for the perfect barbecue" . Newsweek . 103 ( 19– 26). May 1984 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . [ page needed ] ^ a b c d Warnes, Andrew (2008). Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food . University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820328966 . ^ Matthew Bell (18 July 2013). "Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way \| Reviews \| Lifestyle" . The Independent . Retrieved 12 December 2015 . ^ "A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic" . Food Republic . 13 March 2012 . Retrieved 7 May 2018 . ^ "Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals" . Visit KC . Retrieved 29 June 2025 . ^ "St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025" . MasterClass . Retrieved 29 June 2025 . ^ a b c Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). "The braai unites South Africans". Christian Science Monitor . 94 : 16. ^ a b Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016). "South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 6 April 2021 . ^ "Things You Must Know About South African Braai -" . The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky . 26 August 2019 . Retrieved 6 April 2021 . ^ Isabella., Morris (2017). South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture . Kuperard. ISBN 978-1-78702-966-8 . OCLC 1001989214 . ^ Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). "S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing". Christian Science Monitor . 89 . ^ Nugent, Paul (December 2010). "Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa" (PDF) . Africa Spectrum . 45 (3): 87– 113. doi : 10.1177/000203971004500305 . ISSN 0002-0397 . S2CID 73719750 . ^ McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015). "How to cook meat properly on the barbecue" . BBC Good Food . Retrieved 14 April 2016 . ^ "Barbecue 101" . SAVEUR. 17 June 2011 . Retrieved 14 April 2016 . ^ Colby, Chris. "Smoked Beer" . Retrieved 19 October 2017 . ^ McGee p. 767: "Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt." ^ "Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?" . Global News . Retrieved 7 May 2018 . ^ Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015). "The difference between grilling and barbecue" . CNN . Retrieved 16 May 2018 . ^ "Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking \| HomeyCart" . 31 January 2023 . Retrieved 2 February 2023 . ^ Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009). Food and Nutrition/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan . Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9780761478201 . Look up barbecue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. "Barbecue" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. Barbecue Food Safety (US Dept. of Agriculture) The Internet BBQ FAQ Archived 27 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art Web cast from the Library of Congress
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Barbecue "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Barbecue "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue) - [1 Etymology and spelling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Etymology_and_spelling) - [2 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#History) - [3 Associations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Associations) - [4 Styles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Styles) - [5 Techniques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Techniques) Toggle Techniques subsection - [5\.1 Smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Smoking) - [5\.2 Grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Grilling) - [6 Other uses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Other_uses) - [7 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#See_also) - [8 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#References) - [9 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Barbecue 46 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88 "باربكيو – Arabic") - [Bikol Central](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Central Bikol") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E "Барбекю – Bulgarian") - [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%A1tilj "Roštilj – Bosnian") - [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinugba "Sinugba – Cebuano") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Czech") - [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbeciw "Barbeciw – Welsh") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – German") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85 "Μπάρμπεκιου – Greek") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kradrostado "Kradrostado – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrillada "Parrillada – Spanish") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbakoa "Barbakoa – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88 "باربیکیو – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Finnish") - [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C3%A1rbaici%C3%BA "Beárbaiciú – Irish") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C "מנגל – Hebrew") - [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%A1tilj "Roštilj – Croatian") - [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Hungarian") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82 "Բարբեքյու – Armenian") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbeku "Barbeku – Indonesian") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC "バーベキュー – Japanese") - [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Javanese") - [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E "Барбекю – Kazakh") - [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82 "ಬಾರ್ಬಿಕ್ಯೂ – Kannada") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%B9%84%ED%81%90 "바비큐 – Korean") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbeku "Barbeku – Malay") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Dutch") - [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa "Barbacoa – Occitan") - [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A "ਬਾਰ ਬੀ ਕਿਊ – Punjabi") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Polish") - [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%83tar_\(gastronomie\) "Grătar (gastronomie) – Romanian") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E "Барбекю – Russian") - [Sicilianu](https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucuni "Fucuni – Sicilian") - [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%A1tilj "Roštilj – Serbo-Croatian") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Simple English") - [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skara_\(gatim\) "Skara (gatim) – Albanian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%A1tilj "Roštilj – Serbian") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Swedish") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbek%C3%BC "Barbekü – Turkish") - [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%87 "باربىكىيۇ – Uyghur") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8E "Барбекю – Ukrainian") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%AFa_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng "Bữa nướng – Vietnamese") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "Barbecue – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%92%E5%98%A2%E9%A3%9F "燒嘢食 – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%92%E7%83%A4 "燒烤 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q461696#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Barbecue "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Barbecue "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Barbecue "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]") - [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&oldid=1344028220 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") - [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=info "More information about this page") - [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Barbecue&id=1344028220&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") - [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarbecue) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Barbecue&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecue_\(cooking_technique\)) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q461696 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cooking method and apparatus This article is about the cuisine. For the cooking appliance, see [Barbecue grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_grill "Barbecue grill"). For other uses, see [Barbecue (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_\(disambiguation\) "Barbecue (disambiguation)"). "BBQ" redirects here. For other uses, see [BBQ (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBQ_\(disambiguation\) "BBQ (disambiguation)"). [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Barbecued_meats.jpg/500px-Barbecued_meats.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbecued_meats.jpg) Meat being barbecued at [The Salt Lick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salt_Lick "The Salt Lick") restaurant Barbecue or barbeque (often shortened to BBQ worldwide; barbie or barby in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various [cooking methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_methods "Cooking methods") that employ live fire and smoke to cook food.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader [cuisines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine "Cuisine") that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly. The various [regional variations of barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) Indirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or [smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_meat "Smoked meat") over wood or [charcoal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal "Charcoal").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, [grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") of food over hot coals or a gas fire.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) ## Etymology and spelling \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Etymology and spelling")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg/250px-Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg) The original Arawak term barabicu was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame The English word barbecue and its cognates in other languages come from the [Spanish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language") word [barbacoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa "Barbacoa"), which has its origin in a [Taíno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language "Taíno language") word.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-3) [Etymologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymologist "Etymologist") believe this to be derived from barabicu found in the language of the [Arawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawak "Arawak") people of the [Caribbean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean "Caribbean") and the [Timucua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timucua "Timucua") people of [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida "Florida").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-5) The [Oxford English Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary") (OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a "framework of sticks set upon posts".[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) A popular [folk etymology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_etymology "Folk etymology") of the word says that the term is derived from the [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language") barbe à queue ("from beard to tail") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-7) The term itself has two spellings in English: "barbecue" and "barbeque". While in most countries the spelling "barbecue" is used, the spelling "barbeque" is occasionally used in [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia"), [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-8) and the US. ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: History")\] Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word barbecoa in print in Spain in 1526 in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found [Taíno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno "Taíno") roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-9) Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa. Another form of barbacoa involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole [goat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_meat "Goat meat") or [lamb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton "Lamb and mutton"), are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with [maguey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agave_americana "Agave americana") leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. [Olaudah Equiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano "Olaudah Equiano"), an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the "Mosquito people" ([Miskito people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskito_people "Miskito people")) on his journeys to [Cabo Gracias a Dios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Gracias_a_Dios "Cabo Gracias a Dios") on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative [The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-10) Linguists have suggested the word was [loaned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword "Loanword") successively into [Spanish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language"), then [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language"), [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language"), and [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language "English language"). In the form barbacado, the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract A description of the province of New Albion: "the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-11) According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in [Edmund Hickeringill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hickeringill "Edmund Hickeringill")'s Jamaica Viewed: "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat";[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) it also appears in 1672 in the writings of [John Lederer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lederer "John Lederer") following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-12) The first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer [William Dampier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dampier "William Dampier"). In his New Voyage Round the World, Dampier wrote, "and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot \[0.91 m\] from the Ground".[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Dampier-13) As early as the 1730s, [New England Puritans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans "Puritans") were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: "I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln \[Colonel\] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued."[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-14) [Samuel Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson "Samuel Johnson")'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-15) - "To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole [hog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig "Pig")" (attestation to Pope) - "Barbecue – a hog dressed whole" While the standard modern English spelling of the word is barbecue, variations including barbeque and truncations such as bar-b-q or BBQ may also be found.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-16) The spelling barbeque is given in [Merriam-Webster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster "Merriam-Webster") as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-18) In the Southeastern [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"), the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-19) ## Associations \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Associations")\] Because the word barbecue came from native groups, Europeans gave it "savage connotations".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 24 This association with barbarians and "savages" is strengthened by [Edmund Hickeringill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hickeringill "Edmund Hickeringill")'s work Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements through its descriptions of [cannibalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cannibalism "Human cannibalism"). However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 32 Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in [Theodor de Bry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry "Theodor de Bry")'s Great Voyages, which in Warnes's eyes, "present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery \[...\] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 36 Today, people in the US associate barbecue with "classic Americana".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 3 ## Styles \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Styles")\] Main article: [Regional variations of barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/British_Barbecue.jpg/250px-British_Barbecue.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:British_Barbecue.jpg) A British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/250px-Asado_2005.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asado_2005.jpg) A typical [asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado") in Argentina [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg/250px-Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg) Korean barbeque grill used for cooking [galbi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbi "Galbi") In [American English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English "Comparison of American and British English") usage, [grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of [roasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting"). In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In [British](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English "British English") usage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian [churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") and the [Southern Cone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cone "Southern Cone") [asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-21) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg/250px-Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg) Typical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg/250px-Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg) A barbecued pig For [barbecue in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States "Barbecue in the United States"), each Southern locale has its [own variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions. [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina "South Carolina") is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized [barbecue sauces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_sauce "Barbecue sauce"), including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces. [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina") sauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses [Lexington-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival "Lexington Barbecue Festival"), with a combination of [ketchup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup "Ketchup") and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base. [Memphis barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue "Memphis-style barbecue") is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning ([dry rubs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_rub "Spice rub")) and [smoked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_\(cooking\) "Smoking (cooking)") over [hickory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory "Hickory") wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Food_Republic-22) [Kansas City barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue "Kansas City–style barbecue") is barbecue that originated in [Kansas City, Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri "Kansas City, Missouri") in the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-23) [St. Louis–style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue "St. Louis–style barbecue") refers to [spare ribs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_ribs "Spare ribs") associated with the [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis") area. These are usually [grilled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") rather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term "barbecue" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style. [St. Louis style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue "St. Louis–style barbecue") is known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-24) In South Africa, [braais](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-27) It is expected that people attending a [braai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as "bring and braai".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:0-28) Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-29) Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) [Mielie pap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali "Ugali"), also known as "Krummel pap", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:2-30)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) ## Techniques \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Techniques")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Propane_smoker.jpg/250px-Propane_smoker.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Propane_smoker.jpg) Diagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing Barbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG/250px-Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG) A public barbecue site at a park in [Oulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oulu "Oulu"), Finland, on 23 March 2014 Grilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or [pellets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellet_grill "Pellet grill"). The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired [internal temperature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doneness "Doneness").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-31)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-32) ### Smoking \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Smoking")\] Main article: [Smoking (cooking)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_\(cooking\) "Smoking (cooking)") Smoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as [beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer "Beer") or [smoked beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_beer "Smoked beer") are also smoked.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-34) ### Grilling \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Grilling")\] Main article: [Grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/BBQ_Lamb.jpg/250px-BBQ_Lamb.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BBQ_Lamb.jpg) Lamb grilling over hot coals [Grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-35) The words "barbecue" and "grilling" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-36)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-37) In practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional. ## Other uses \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Other uses")\] The term barbecue is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are [potato chips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_chip "Potato chip").[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-38) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: See also")\] - [List of barbecue dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_dishes "List of barbecue dishes") – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method - [List of barbecue restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_restaurants "List of barbecue restaurants") - [List of smoked foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods "List of smoked foods") - [Regional variations of barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") - [Asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado") – Barbecue style in various South American countries - [Braai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braai "Braai"), South Africa - [Churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil - [Korean barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_barbecue "Korean barbecue") – Regional style of food preparation - [Memphis-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue "Memphis-style barbecue") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Mongolian barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_barbecue "Mongolian barbecue") – Stir-fried dish - [Nyama choma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_choma "Nyama choma") – Grilled goat meat, Kenya - [Kansas City-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City-style_barbecue "Kansas City-style barbecue") – Dish of slowly smoked meatPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets - [Kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab "Kebab") – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East - [Mangal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal_\(barbecue\) "Mangal (barbecue)") – Middle Eastern barbecue - [Mashawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") - [North Carolina barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina "Barbecue in North Carolina") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Satay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satay "Satay") – Southeast Asian form of kebab - [Shaokao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaokao "Shaokao") – Chinese term for barbecue - [Siu mei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu_mei "Siu mei") – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat - [South Carolina barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina "Barbecue in South Carolina") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Souvla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvla "Souvla") – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat - [St. Louis-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis-style_barbecue "St. Louis-style barbecue") – Spare ribs dishPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets - [Texas Barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas "Barbecue in Texas") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Yakiniku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakiniku "Yakiniku") – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan - [Barrel barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_barbecue "Barrel barbecue") – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel - [Buccan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccan "Buccan") – Device for grilling - [Burnt ends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnt_ends "Burnt ends") – Barbecued meat delicacy - [Carne asada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_asada "Carne asada") – Dish of grilled and sliced beef - [Ribfest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribfest "Ribfest") – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada - [Shashlik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashlik "Shashlik") – Form of shish kebab - [Spice rub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_rub "Spice rub") – Spices rubbed on food before cooking - [Teppanyaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppanyaki "Teppanyaki") – Style of Japanese cuisine ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: References")\] 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-2) Bawdon, Michael. ["A guide to different types of barbecue"](https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/types-of-barbecue-guide). Great British Chefs. Retrieved 8 April 2021. 2. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-1) Moss, RF (2020). Barbecue: the history of an American institution. University Alabama Press. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-3)* Hakim, Joy (2005). The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600 (3rd ed.). [Oxford University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press "Oxford University Press"). p. 121. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-4) Hale, C. Clark (2000). The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0936171022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0936171022 "Special:BookSources/0936171022") . \[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-5) Rachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024). ["Where did the term barbecue come from?"](https://www.chefsresource.com/faq/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from/). ChefsResource. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251008044428/https://www.chefsresource.com/faq/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from/) from the original on 8 October 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025. 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-1) ["Oxford Dictionary"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210421063037/http://old.cbbqa.org/history/secondary/OxfordEngDictionary.html). Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from [the original](http://old.cbbqa.org/history/secondary/OxfordEngDictionary.html) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-7)* ["Barbecue"](https://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-bar1.htm). World Wide Words. Retrieved 11 July 2023. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-8) ["Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia"](https://zgrills.com.au/barbeque-or-barbecue/). 25 September 2020. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-9) Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003). [Caribbean Wow 2.0](https://books.google.com/books?id=tXbo9H6t1TcC&q=barbecue+Haiti+barbacoa+Columbus&pg=PA69) (1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781929970049](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929970049 "Special:BookSources/9781929970049") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-10) Equino, Olaudah (2012). [The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https://books.google.com/books?id=hkjCHNpp0woC). Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1625584717](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1625584717 "Special:BookSources/978-1625584717") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-11) Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). "4". [A description of the province of New Albion](https://www.virtualjamestown.org/exist/cocoon/jamestown/fha/J1053). Retrieved 15 March 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-12) Lederer, John (1672). [The Discoveries of John Lederer](https://books.google.com/books?id=VAsOAAAAIAAJ&q=barbecue). p. 28. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Dampier_13-0) Dampier, William. [A New Voyage Round the World](https://books.google.com/books?id=R-LuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20). Ripol Classic. p. 20. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [1148385150](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1148385150 "Special:BookSources/1148385150") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-14) Hempstead, Joshua (1901). Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut. New London County Historical Society. p. 241. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780259727545](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780259727545 "Special:BookSources/9780259727545") . `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date "Help:CS1 errors")) 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-15) Johnson, Samuel (1756). [A dictionary of the English language](https://books.google.com/books?id=RwwUAAAAQAAJ&q=ba%27rbecue). Oxford University. p. 70. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-16) ["southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways"](http://www.storysouth.com/winter2003/bbqframe.html). storySouth. 5 April 2002. Retrieved 6 September 2012. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service")) 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-17) ["Barbeque"](https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/barbeque). Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 September 2012. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-18) ["Definition of barbecue"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101106031235/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue). Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from [the original](http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue) on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2013. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-19) ["America searches for the perfect barbecue"](https://books.google.com/books?id=f3DuAAAAMAAJ&q=barbecue+meaning+southeast+pork). Newsweek. 103 (19–26\). May 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2015. \[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 20. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-3) Warnes, Andrew (2008). [Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food](https://books.google.com/books?id=HLhD_lIRatsC). University of Georgia Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780820328966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820328966 "Special:BookSources/9780820328966") . 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-21)* Matthew Bell (18 July 2013). ["Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way \\| Reviews \\| Lifestyle"](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/reviews/gaucho-grill-how-to-cook-the-argentinian-way-8717832.html). The Independent. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Food_Republic_22-0) ["A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic"](https://www.foodrepublic.com/2012/03/13/a-year-of-barbecue-kentucky-mutton/). Food Republic. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-23) ["Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals"](https://www.visitkc.com/bbq/barbecue-beginnings/). Visit KC. Retrieved 29 June 2025. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-24) ["St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025"](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/st-louis-style-barbecue-explained). MasterClass. Retrieved 29 June 2025. 25. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-2) Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). "The braai unites South Africans". Christian Science Monitor. 94: 16. 26. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-1) Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016). ["South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/25/dining/braai.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 6 April 2021. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-27)* ["Things You Must Know About South African Braai -"](https://bbqboy.net/things-you-must-know-about-south-african-braai/). The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:0_28-0) Isabella., Morris (2017). [South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture](https://worldcat.org/oclc/1001989214). Kuperard. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-78702-966-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78702-966-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-78702-966-8") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [1001989214](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1001989214). 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-29) Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). "S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing". Christian Science Monitor. 89. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:2_30-0) Nugent, Paul (December 2010). ["Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa"](https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/8216624/Do_nations_have_stomachs.pdf) (PDF). Africa Spectrum. 45 (3): 87–113\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1177/000203971004500305](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000203971004500305). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0002-0397](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0397). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [73719750](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73719750). 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-31) McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015). ["How to cook meat properly on the barbecue"](http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-cook-meat-properly-barbecue). BBC Good Food. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-32) ["Barbecue 101"](https://www.saveur.com/article/Techniques/Barbecue-101). SAVEUR. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-33) Colby, Chris. ["Smoked Beer"](https://byo.com/mead/item/1720-smoked-beer). Retrieved 19 October 2017. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-34) McGee p. 767: "Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt." 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-35) ["Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?"](https://globalnews.ca/news/1392015/grill-vs-barbecue-do-you-know-the-difference/). Global News. Retrieved 7 May 2018. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-36) Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015). ["The difference between grilling and barbecue"](https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/03/living/barbecue-bbq-grilling-july-4-feat/). CNN. Retrieved 16 May 2018. 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-37) ["Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking \\| HomeyCart"](https://homeycart.com/bbq-grilling-smoking-difference/). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-38) Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009). [Food and Nutrition/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan](https://books.google.com/books?id=OVjeiDYHP8cC&q=barbecue+flavoring+added+to+food+items+such+as++potato+chips&pg=PA89). Marshall Cavendish. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780761478201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761478201 "Special:BookSources/9780761478201") . ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: External links")\] [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg) Wikibooks [Cookbook](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook "wikibooks:Cookbook") has a recipe/module on - *[Barbecue cooking](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Barbecue_cooking "wikibooks:Cookbook:Barbecue cooking")* [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg) Look up *[barbecue](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/barbecue "wiktionary:Special:Search/barbecue")* in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Barbecue (cooking technique)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecue_\(cooking_technique\) "commons:Category:Barbecue (cooking technique)"). - ["Barbecue"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Barbecue) . [Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition "Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition"). Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. - [Barbecue Food Safety](https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2021/05/27/usda-provides-food-safety-tips-grilling-pros-and-beginners) (US Dept. of Agriculture) - [The Internet BBQ FAQ](http://www.cbbqa.org/wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210427203400/http://www.cbbqa.org/wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) 27 April 2021 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") - [Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art](https://www.loc.gov/item/2021687701/) Web cast from the [Library of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress "Library of Congress") \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Barbecue "Template:Barbecue") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Barbecue "Template talk:Barbecue") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barbecue "Special:EditPage/Template:Barbecue")[Barbecue]() \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Cooking styles \| [Asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado") [Barbacoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa "Barbacoa") [Char siu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_siu "Char siu") [Churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") [Indirect grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_grilling "Indirect grilling") [Inihaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inihaw "Inihaw") [Korean barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_barbecue "Korean barbecue") [Mangal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal_\(barbecue\) "Mangal (barbecue)") [Mixed grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_grill "Mixed grill") [Mongolian barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_barbecue "Mongolian barbecue") [Schwenker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwenker "Schwenker") [Shaokao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaokao "Shaokao") [Shisa nyama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shisa_nyama "Shisa nyama") [Siu mei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu_mei "Siu mei") [Yakiniku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakiniku "Yakiniku") \| \| [Regional variations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") \| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States "Barbecue in the United States") [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_barbecue "Chicago-style barbecue") [Kansas City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue "Kansas City–style barbecue") [Memphis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue "Memphis-style barbecue") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina "Barbecue in North Carolina") [Santa Maria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria%E2%80%93style_barbecue "Santa Maria–style barbecue") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina "Barbecue in South Carolina") [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue "St. Louis–style barbecue") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas "Barbecue in Texas") \| \| Cookers and related \| [Barbecue grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_grill "Barbecue grill") [Barrel barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_barbecue "Barrel barbecue") [Buccan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccan "Buccan") [Charbroiler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbroiler "Charbroiler") [Chimney starter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_starter "Chimney starter") [Disposable grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disposable_grill "Disposable grill") [Flattop grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattop_grill "Flattop grill") [Gridiron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_\(cooking\) "Gridiron (cooking)") [Grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") [Hibachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibachi "Hibachi") [Kamado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamado "Kamado") [Pit barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_barbecue "Pit barbecue") [Shichirin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shichirin "Shichirin") [Smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_\(cooking\) "Smoking (cooking)") ([Smoke ring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_ring_\(cooking\) "Smoke ring (cooking)")) \| \| Foods and dishes \| [List of barbecue dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_dishes "List of barbecue dishes") [List of smoked foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods "List of smoked foods") [Anticuchos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticucho "Anticucho") [Arrosticini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrosticini "Arrosticini") [Bakkwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakkwa "Bakkwa") [Barbecue chicken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_chicken "Barbecue chicken") [Barbecue sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_sandwich "Barbecue sandwich") [Barbecue sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_sauce "Barbecue sauce") [Brochette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochette "Brochette") [Bulgogi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi "Bulgogi") [Bull roast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_roast "Bull roast") [Burnt ends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnt_ends "Burnt ends") [Cha siu bao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_siu_bao "Cha siu bao") [Chuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan_\(food\) "Chuan (food)") [Churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") [Cocoloși](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i "Cocoloși") [Corn on the cob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob "Corn on the cob") [Espetada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espetada "Espetada") [Fatányéros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat%C3%A1ny%C3%A9ros "Fatányéros") [Frigărui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frig%C4%83rui "Frigărui") [Galinha à africana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galinha_%C3%A0_africana "Galinha à africana") [Isaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaw "Isaw") [Jeok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeok "Jeok") [Jujeh kabab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujeh_kabab "Jujeh kabab") [Kabab barg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabab_barg "Kabab barg") [Kai yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_yang "Kai yang") [Kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab "Kebab") [Khorkhog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorkhog "Khorkhog") [Khorovats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorovats "Khorovats") [Karsi khorovats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsi_khorovats "Karsi khorovats") [Khazani khorovats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazani_khorovats "Khazani khorovats") [Kofte kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofte_kebab "Kofte kebab") [Méchoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9choui "Méchoui") [Meurav Yerushalmi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurav_Yerushalmi "Meurav Yerushalmi") [Mixiote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixiote "Mixiote") [Mookata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mookata "Mookata") [Mućkalica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%87kalica "Mućkalica") [Mu ping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_ping "Mu ping") [Neobiani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neobiani "Neobiani") [Pig pickin'](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_pickin%27 "Pig pickin'") [Pig roast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_roast "Pig roast") [Pinchitos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchitos "Pinchitos") [Provoleta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provoleta "Provoleta") [Pulled pork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulled_pork "Pulled pork") [Ražnjići](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i "Ražnjići") [Red slaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_slaw "Red slaw") [Ribs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribs_\(food\) "Ribs (food)") [Beef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_ribs "Beef ribs") [Short ribs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ribs "Short ribs") [Pork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_ribs "Pork ribs") [Spare ribs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_ribs "Spare ribs") [Satay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satay "Satay") [Sausage sizzle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage_sizzle "Sausage sizzle") [Shashlik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashlik "Shashlik") [Shish kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shish_kebab "Shish kebab") [Shish taouk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shish_taouk "Shish taouk") [Sosatie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosatie "Sosatie") [Souvlaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvlaki "Souvlaki") [Suckling pig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suckling_pig "Suckling pig") [Suya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suya "Suya") [Texas smoked brisket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_smoked_brisket "Texas smoked brisket") [Tsukune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukune "Tsukune") [Whole hog barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_hog_barbecue "Whole hog barbecue") [Yakitori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakitori "Yakitori") \| \| Societies and festivals \| [Australasian Barbecue Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian_Barbecue_Alliance "Australasian Barbecue Alliance") [Big Pig Jig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Pig_Jig "Big Pig Jig") [International Bar-B-Q Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bar-B-Q_Festival "International Bar-B-Q Festival") [Kansas City Barbeque Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Barbeque_Society "Kansas City Barbeque Society") [Khorovats Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorovats_Festival "Khorovats Festival") [Leskovac Grill Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leskovac_Grill_Festival "Leskovac Grill Festival") [Lexington Barbecue Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival "Lexington Barbecue Festival") [Memphis in May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_in_May "Memphis in May") [North Carolina Barbecue Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_Barbecue_Society "North Carolina Barbecue Society") [Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke-Chowan_Pork-Fest "Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest") \| \| Misc. \| [Barbecue restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_restaurant "Barbecue restaurant") [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_restaurants "List of barbecue restaurants") [Churrascaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrascaria "Churrascaria") \| \| [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Food "Portal:Food") ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecue "Category:Barbecue") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecued_food "commons:Category:Barbecued food") ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png) [WikiProject Food and drink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink "Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cooking_techniques "Template:Cooking techniques") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cooking_techniques "Template talk:Cooking techniques") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cooking_techniques "Special:EditPage/Template:Cooking techniques")[Cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking "Cooking") techniques \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [List of cooking techniques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cooking_techniques "List of cooking techniques") \| \| \| Dry \| \| \| \| \| \| Conduction \| [Dry roasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_roasting "Dry roasting") [Hot salt frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_salt_frying "Hot salt frying") [Searing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searing "Searing") \| \| Convection \| [Baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baking "Baking") [Roasting (modern)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting") [Smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_\(cooking\) "Smoking (cooking)") [Barbecue]() \| \| Radiation \| [Charbroiler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbroiler "Charbroiler") [Grilling (charbroiling)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") [Roasting (traditional)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting") [Rotisserie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotisserie "Rotisserie") [Toasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toast_\(food\) "Toast (food)") \| \| Wet \| \| \| \| \| \| High heat \| [Blanching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanching_\(cooking\) "Blanching (cooking)") [Boiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling#In_cooking "Boiling") [Decoction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoction "Decoction") [Parboiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parboiling "Parboiling") [Shocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shocking_\(cooking\) "Shocking (cooking)") [Reduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_\(cooking\) "Reduction (cooking)") \| \| Low heat \| [Coddling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coddling "Coddling") [Creaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creaming_\(cooking\) "Creaming (cooking)") [Infusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infusion "Infusion") [Poaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaching_\(cooking\) "Poaching (cooking)") [Simmering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmering "Simmering") [Low-temperature cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_cooking "Low-temperature cooking") [Smothering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smothering_\(cooking\) "Smothering (cooking)") [Steeping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeping "Steeping") [Stewing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew "Stew") \| \| Indirect heat \| [Bain-marie (Double boiling)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bain-marie "Bain-marie") [Sous vide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sous_vide "Sous vide") [Double steaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_steaming "Double steaming") [Steaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steaming "Steaming") \| \| Fat-based \| \| \| \| \| \| High heat \| [Basting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basting_\(cooking\) "Basting (cooking)") [Blackening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackening_\(cooking\) "Blackening (cooking)") [Browning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_\(cooking\) "Browning (cooking)") [Frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frying "Frying") [Deep frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_frying "Deep frying") [Pan frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_frying "Pan frying") [Shallow frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_frying "Shallow frying") [Stir frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stir_frying "Stir frying") [Sautéing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saut%C3%A9ing "Sautéing") \| \| Low heat \| [Gentle frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentle_frying "Gentle frying") [Sweating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweating_\(cooking\) "Sweating (cooking)") \| \| Mixed medium \| [Carryover cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carryover_cooking "Carryover cooking") [Barbecuing]() [Braising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braising "Braising") [Caramelization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramelization "Caramelization") [Deglazing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deglazing_\(cooking\) "Deglazing (cooking)") [Discada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discada "Discada") [Flambé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 "Flambé") [Fricassee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricassee "Fricassee") [Indirect grilling/Plank cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_grilling "Indirect grilling") [Stir frying (chao)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stir_frying#Chao_technique "Stir frying") \| \| Device-based \| [Air frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection_oven#Air_fryer "Convection oven") [Dum pukht](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dum_pukht "Dum pukht") [Microwaving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_oven "Microwave oven") [Pressure cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_cooker "Pressure cooker") [Pressure frying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_frying "Pressure frying") [Slow cooker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_cooker "Slow cooker") [Thermal cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_cooking "Thermal cooking") \| \| Non-heat \| [Aging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_\(food\) "Aging (food)") [Brining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brining "Brining") [Burying in ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igunaq "Igunaq") [Curing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_\(food_preservation\) "Curing (food preservation)") [Drying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_drying "Food drying") [Fermenting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_food_processing "Fermentation in food processing") [Juicing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicing "Juicing") [Pickling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling "Pickling") [Purée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%A9e "Purée") [Salting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salting_\(food\) "Salting (food)") [Souring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souring "Souring") \| \| See also \| [List of cooking appliances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cooking_appliances "List of cooking appliances") [List of cooking vessels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cooking_vessels "List of cooking vessels") [Outdoor cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_cooking "Outdoor cooking") [Food preparation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_food_preparation "Outline of food preparation") [Food preservation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservation "Food preservation") [Food safety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safety "Food safety") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine "Category:Cuisine") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Meals_navbox "Template:Meals navbox") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Meals_navbox "Template talk:Meals navbox") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meals_navbox "Special:EditPage/Template:Meals navbox")[Meals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal "Meal") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Common meals \| [Suhur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhur "Suhur") [Breakfast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast "Breakfast") [Second breakfast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_breakfast "Second breakfast") [Elevenses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevenses "Elevenses") [Coffee break](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_\(work\) "Break (work)") [Brunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunch "Brunch") [Lunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch "Lunch") [Tea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_\(meal\) "Tea (meal)") [Merienda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merienda "Merienda") [Tiffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffin "Tiffin") [Dinner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinner "Dinner") [Supper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supper "Supper") [Iftar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iftar "Iftar") [Siu yeh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu_yeh "Siu yeh") [Café com mistura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_com_mistura "Café com mistura") \| \| Components and [courses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_\(food\) "Course (food)") \| [Apéritif and digestif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif "Apéritif and digestif") [Hors d'oeuvre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre "Hors d'oeuvre") [Amuse-bouche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuse-bouche "Amuse-bouche") [Soup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup "Soup") [Entrée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e "Entrée") [Roast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting") [Main course](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_course "Main course") [Salad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad "Salad") [Side dish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_dish "Side dish") [Entremets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entremets "Entremets") [Dessert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessert "Dessert") [Savoury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoury_\(dish\) "Savoury (dish)") [Meal replacement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal_replacement "Meal replacement") [Snack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snack "Snack") \| \| [Table service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodservice#Table_service "Foodservice") \| [Buffet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffet "Buffet") [smörgåsbord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord "Smörgåsbord") [Conveyor belt sushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt_sushi "Conveyor belt sushi") [Dish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_\(food\) "Dish (food)") [Finger food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_food "Finger food") [Full-course dinner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-course_dinner "Full-course dinner") [Platter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platter_\(dinner\) "Platter (dinner)") [Rodízio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%C3%ADzio "Rodízio") [Service à la française](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise "Service à la française") [Service à la russe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_russe "Service à la russe") [Silver service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_service "Silver service") [Small plates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_plates "Small plates") [Table reservation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_reservation "Table reservation") \| \| Presentation \| [Al fresco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_fresco_dining "Al fresco dining") [Dining room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_room "Dining room") [Eating utensils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_eating_utensils "List of eating utensils") [Food presentation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_presentation "Food presentation") [Garnish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnish_\(cooking\) "Garnish (cooking)") [Nyotaimori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyotaimori "Nyotaimori") [Pièce montée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_mont%C3%A9e "Pièce montée") [Serving size](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serving_size "Serving size") [Table setting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_setting "Table setting") [Tablecloth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablecloth "Tablecloth") [Tableware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableware "Tableware") \| \| Dining \| [Dress code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress_code "Dress code") [Table manners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_manners "Table manners") [Eating utensil etiquette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_utensil_etiquette "Eating utensil etiquette") [Social class differences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class_differences_in_food_consumption "Social class differences in food consumption") [Toast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toast_\(honor\) "Toast (honor)") [Waiting staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting_staff "Waiting staff") \| \| Regional styles \| [Anju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anju_\(food\) "Anju (food)") [Antipasto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipasto "Antipasto") [Cicchetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicchetti "Cicchetti") [Banchan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banchan "Banchan") / [Korean table d'hôte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_table_d%27h%C3%B4te "Korean table d'hôte") [Bandeja paisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeja_paisa "Bandeja paisa") [Dastarkhān](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dastarkh%C4%81n "Dastarkhān") [Dim sum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim_sum "Dim sum") / [Yum cha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum_cha "Yum cha") [Fika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fika_\(Sweden\) "Fika (Sweden)") [Izakaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izakaya "Izakaya") / [Sakana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakana "Sakana") [Kaiseki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiseki "Kaiseki") [Meat and three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_and_three "Meat and three") [Meze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meze "Meze") [Okazuya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okazuya "Okazuya") [Omakase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omakase "Omakase") [Plate lunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_lunch "Plate lunch") [Pu pu platter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu_pu_platter "Pu pu platter") [Rice and three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_and_three "Rice and three") [Rijsttafel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijsttafel "Rijsttafel") [Sadhya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhya "Sadhya") [Smörgåsbord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord "Smörgåsbord") [Tapas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapas "Tapas") [Thali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thali "Thali") [Tiffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffin "Tiffin") [Zakuski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakuski "Zakuski") \| \| Packed \| [Airline meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_meal "Airline meal") [Bento](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bento "Bento") [Convenience food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_food "Convenience food") [Dosirak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosirak "Dosirak") [Ekiben](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekiben "Ekiben") [Emergency rations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_rations "Emergency rations") [Fast food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food "Fast food") [Field ration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_ration "Field ration") [Frozen meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_meal "Frozen meal") [Instant breakfast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_breakfast "Instant breakfast") [Jūbako](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABbako "Jūbako") [Ninja diet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninja_diet "Ninja diet") [Packed lunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_lunch "Packed lunch") [Space food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_food "Space food") [Take-out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-out "Take-out") \| \| [Menus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menu "Menu") and meal deals \| [À la carte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80_la_carte "À la carte") [Blue-plate special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-plate_special "Blue-plate special") [Combination meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_meal "Combination meal") [Free lunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_lunch "Free lunch") [Free refill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_refill "Free refill") [Happy hour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_hour "Happy hour") [Kids' meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids%27_meal "Kids' meal") [Menú del día](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C3%BA_del_d%C3%ADa "Menú del día") [School meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_meal "School meal") [Suspended meal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_meal "Suspended meal") [Table d'hôte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te "Table d'hôte") [Tasting menu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasting_menu "Tasting menu") / [Degustation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degustation "Degustation") [Value menu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_menu "Value menu") \| \| [Communal meals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communal_meal "Communal meal") \| [Banquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banquet "Banquet") [State banquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_banquet "State banquet") [Barbecue]() [Commercium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercium "Commercium") [Dining in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_in "Dining in") [Iftar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iftar "Iftar") [Picnic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picnic "Picnic") [Potluck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potluck "Potluck") [Seder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seder "Seder") [Sittning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sittning "Sittning") [Soup kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup_kitchen "Soup kitchen") [Supra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supra_\(feast\) "Supra (feast)") [Tableround](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableround "Tableround") [Tea party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_party "Tea party") \| \| [Catering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catering "Catering") and [food delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_delivery "Food delivery") \| [Food delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_delivery "Food delivery") [Online food ordering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_food_ordering "Online food ordering") [Virtual restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_restaurant "Virtual restaurant") \| \| Places to eat \| [Café](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse "Coffeehouse") [Cafeteria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria "Cafeteria") [Dining room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_room "Dining room") [Food truck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_truck "Food truck") [Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inn "Inn") [Kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen "Kitchen") [Mess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess "Mess") [Picnic table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picnic_table "Picnic table") [Restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant "Restaurant") [Soup kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup_kitchen "Soup kitchen") [Street food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food "Street food") [Tavern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavern "Tavern") [Traiteur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traiteur_\(culinary_profession\) "Traiteur (culinary profession)") \| \| Related \| [Coffee culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_culture "Coffee culture") [Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_\(profession\) "Cook (profession)") [Cookbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookbook "Cookbook") [Cooking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking "Cooking") [Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef "Chef") [Culinary arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culinary_arts "Culinary arts") [Cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine "Cuisine") [outline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines "Outline of cuisines") [Drink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drink "Drink") [Eating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating "Eating") [Food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food "Food") [Lists of food and beverage topics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_food_and_beverage_topics "Lists of food and beverage topics") [Meal preparation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal_preparation "Meal preparation") [Outline of food preparation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_food_preparation "Outline of food preparation") [Salumeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salumeria "Salumeria") [Tea culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_culture "Tea culture") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Meals "Category:Meals") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meals "commons:Category:Meals") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States "Template:Cuisine of the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_the_United_States "Template talk:Cuisine of the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of the United States")[Cuisine of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_cuisine "American cuisine") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Historical \| [Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies "Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies") [Culinary Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culinary_Revolution "Culinary Revolution") [Thanksgiving dinner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner "Thanksgiving dinner") [History of bread in California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bread_in_California "History of bread in California") \| \| Regional \| \| \| \| \| \| General \| [List of regional dishes of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regional_dishes_of_the_United_States "List of regional dishes of the United States") [List of regional beverages of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regional_beverages_of_the_United_States "List of regional beverages of the United States") \| \| Northeast \| [Mid-Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mid-Atlantic_states "Cuisine of the Mid-Atlantic states") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey "Cuisine of New Jersey") New York [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City "Cuisine of New York City") Pennsylvania [Allentown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Allentown,_Pennsylvania "Cuisine of Allentown, Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia "Cuisine of Philadelphia") [New England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England "Cuisine of New England") \| \| [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States "Cuisine of the Southern United States") \| [Appalachia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_cuisine "Appalachian cuisine") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Florida "Cuisine of Florida") ([Floribbean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine "Floribbean cuisine")) [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kentucky "Cuisine of Kentucky") Louisiana [Cajun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajun_cuisine "Cajun cuisine") [Creole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine "Louisiana Creole cuisine") [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Orleans "Cuisine of New Orleans") [Lowcountry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine "Lowcountry cuisine") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texan_cuisine "Texan cuisine") [Barbecue in Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas "Barbecue in Texas") [Tex-Mex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex-Mex "Tex-Mex") \| \| [Midwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States") \| [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Chicago#Food_and_drink "Culture of Chicago") [Kansas City-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City-style_barbecue "Kansas City-style barbecue") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Dakota "Cuisine of North Dakota") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Michigan "Cuisine of Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Minnesota "Cuisine of Minnesota") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ohio "Cuisine of Ohio") [Cincinnati chili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_chili "Cincinnati chili") [Omaha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Omaha "Cuisine of Omaha") [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_St._Louis "Cuisine of St. Louis") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Wisconsin "Cuisine of Wisconsin") \| \| [West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Western_United_States "Cuisine of the Western United States") \| [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_California "Cuisine of California") [California cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_cuisine "California cuisine") [Southwestern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States "Cuisine of the Southwestern United States") [New Mexican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine "New Mexican cuisine") [Mormon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_foodways "Mormon foodways") [Pacific Northwestern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine "Pacific Northwest cuisine") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii "Cuisine of Hawaii") [Rocky Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_cuisine "Rocky Mountain cuisine") \| \| Territories \| [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine "Puerto Rican cuisine") \| \| Ethnic \| [African American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_food "Soul food") [American Cambodian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cambodian_cuisine "American Cambodian cuisine") [American Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine "American Chinese cuisine") [American Jewish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine "American Jewish cuisine") [Cajun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajun_cuisine "Cajun cuisine") [Filipino-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino-American_cuisine "Filipino-American cuisine") [Greek-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine "Greek-American cuisine") [Italian-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine "Italian-American cuisine") [Mexican-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-American_cuisine "Mexican-American cuisine") [Native American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas#Native_American_cuisine_of_North_America "Indigenous cuisine of the Americas") [New Mexican (Neomexicano and Pueblo)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine "New Mexican cuisine") [Pennsylvania Dutch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch "Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch") [Tejano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex-Mex "Tex-Mex") [Tlingit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_cuisine "Tlingit cuisine") \| \| List articles \| [American foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_foods "List of American foods") [American breads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_breads "List of American breads") [American cheeses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_cheeses "List of American cheeses") [American desserts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_desserts "List of American desserts") [American regional and fusion cuisines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_regional_and_fusion_cuisines "List of American regional and fusion cuisines") [American sandwiches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_sandwiches "List of American sandwiches") [American breakfast foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_breakfast_foods "List of American breakfast foods") [Foods of the Southern United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foods_of_the_Southern_United_States "List of foods of the Southern United States") [Soul foods and dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_soul_foods_and_dishes "List of soul foods and dishes") \| \| Miscellaneous \| [Barbecue]() [Bread in American cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread_in_American_cuisine "Bread in American cuisine") [Christmas food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes "List of Christmas dishes") [Fast food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food "Fast food") \| \| Drinks \| [Sweet tea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_tea "Sweet tea") [Root beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_beer "Root beer") [Coca-Cola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola "Coca-Cola") [Egg cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_cream "Egg cream") [Milkshake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkshake "Milkshake") [Shirley Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Temple_\(drink\) "Shirley Temple (drink)") [Italian soda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_soda "Italian soda") [Pepsi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi "Pepsi") [American tea culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_tea_culture "American tea culture") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category: American cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_cuisine "Category:American cuisine") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Meat "Template:Meat") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Meat "Template talk:Meat") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat "Special:EditPage/Template:Meat")[Meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat "Meat") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| [Poultry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry "Poultry") \| [Cassowary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassowary "Cassowary") [Chicken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_as_food "Chicken as food") [Duck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_as_food "Duck as food") [Emu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu "Emu") [Goose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose_as_food "Goose as food") [Ostrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich_meat "Ostrich meat") [Pigeon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squab "Squab") [Quail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail_as_food "Quail as food") [Rhea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_\(bird\) "Rhea (bird)") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_as_food "Turkey as food") \| [![Food meat](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/120px-FoodMeat.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg "Food meat") [![Platter of seafood](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/120px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg "Platter of seafood") \| \| [Livestock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock "Livestock") \| [Alpaca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca "Alpaca") [Beef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef "Beef") [Beefalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefalo "Beefalo") [Bison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_bison "American bison") [Buffalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_meat "Buffalo meat") [Camel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_meat "Camel meat") [Cat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_meat "Cat meat") [Goat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_meat "Goat meat") [Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_meat "Dog meat") [Donkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey_meat "Donkey meat") [Snails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snails_as_food "Snails as food") [Frog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog_legs "Frog legs") [Guinea pig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_pig "Guinea pig") [Horse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_meat "Horse meat") [Lamb and mutton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton "Lamb and mutton") [Llama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama "Llama") [Pork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork "Pork") [Veal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal "Veal") [Yak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak "Yak") [Żubroń](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84 "Żubroń") \| \| \| [Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_\(hunting\) "Game (hunting)") \| [Alligator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_meat "Alligator meat") [Bat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_as_food "Bat as food") [Bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_hunting "Bear hunting") [Bushmeat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushmeat "Bushmeat") [Boar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar "Wild boar") [Crocodile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodile_meat "Crocodile meat") [Elephant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_meat "Elephant meat") [Fox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox#As_food "Fox") [Iguana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguana_meat "Iguana meat") [Kangaroo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_meat "Kangaroo meat") [Monkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_meat "Monkey meat") [Mouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse#As_food "Mouse") [Pangolin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangolin_trade "Pangolin trade") [Rat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_meat "Rat meat") [Hare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare "Hare") [Rabbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing "Rabbit") [Snake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake#Consumption "Snake") [Turtle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle "Turtle") [Venison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venison "Venison") [Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_meat "Dog meat") [Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_hunting "Wolf hunting") \| \| \| [Fish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_as_food "Fish as food") \| [Anchovy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food") [Basa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_\(fish\) "Basa (fish)") [Bass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_\(fish\) "Bass (fish)") [Carp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp#As_food "Carp") [Catfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish "Catfish") [Cod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_as_food "Cod as food") [Crappie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crappie "Crappie") [Eel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel_as_food "Eel as food") [Flounder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flounder "Flounder") [Grouper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouper "Grouper") [Haddock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haddock "Haddock") [Halibut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halibut "Halibut") [Herring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herring_as_food "Herring as food") [Kingfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_mackerel "King mackerel") [Mackerel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackerel_as_food "Mackerel as food") [Mahi Mahi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi-mahi "Mahi-mahi") [Marlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlin "Marlin") [Milkfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkfish "Milkfish") [Orange roughy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_roughy "Orange roughy") [Pacific saury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_saury "Pacific saury") [Perch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perch "Perch") [Pike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esox "Esox") [Pollock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_as_food "Cod as food") [Salmon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_as_food "Salmon as food") [Sardine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardines_as_food "Sardines as food") [Shark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_meat "Shark meat") [Sole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole_\(fish\) "Sole (fish)") [Swai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescent_shark "Iridescent shark") [Swordfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordfish "Swordfish") [Tilapia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia "Tilapia") [Trout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trout "Trout") [Tuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuna_as_food "Tuna as food") [Wahoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahoo "Wahoo") [Walleye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walleye "Walleye") \| \| \| [Shellfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish "Shellfish") and other [seafood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood "Seafood") \| [Abalone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abalone "Abalone") [Calamari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_as_food "Squid as food") [Chiton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiton "Chiton") [Clam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam "Clam") [Crab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_meat "Crab meat") [Crayfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfish_as_food "Crayfish as food") [Dolphin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin "Dolphin") [Jellyfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food "Jellyfish as food") [Lobster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobster_as_food "Lobster as food") [Mussel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussel "Mussel") [Octopus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus_as_food "Octopus as food") [Oyster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster "Oyster") [Scallop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallop "Scallop") [Seal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_meat "Seal meat") [Shrimp/prawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food "Shrimp and prawn as food") [Sea cucumber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food "Sea cucumbers as food") [Sea squirt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary "Ascidiacea") [Sea urchin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food "Sea urchin") [Whale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_meat "Whale meat") \| \| \| [Insects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insects_as_food "Insects as food") \| [Ants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_eggs "Ant eggs") [Black soldier fly maggots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermetia_illucens "Hermetia illucens") [Cicada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicada "Cicada") [Crickets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_\(insect\) "Cricket (insect)") [Flour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_flour "Cricket flour") [Grasshoppers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper "Grasshopper") ([locust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust "Locust")) [Mealworm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealworm "Mealworm") [Mezcal worm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezcal_worm "Mezcal worm") [Mojojoy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojojoy "Mojojoy") [Silkworm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombyx_mori "Bombyx mori") [Mopane worm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina "Gonimbrasia belina") [Palm grub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchophorus "Rhynchophorus") \| \| \| Cuts and preparation \| [Aged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_hanging "Meat hanging") [Bacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon "Bacon") [Barbecued]() [Biltong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biltong "Biltong") [Braised](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braising "Braising") [Burger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty "Patty") [Charcuterie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcuterie "Charcuterie") [Chop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_chop "Meat chop") [Confit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit "Confit") [Corned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corned_beef "Corned beef") [Cured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_\(food_preservation\) "Curing (food preservation)") [Cutlet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlet "Cutlet") [Dried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_meat "Dried meat") [Dum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dum_pukht "Dum pukht") [Fermented](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_meat "Fermented meat") [Fillet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_\(cut\) "Fillet (cut)")/[supreme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_\(cooking\) "Supreme (cooking)") [Forcemeat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcemeat "Forcemeat") [Cretons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretons "Cretons") [Pâté](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9 "Pâté") [Fried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frying "Frying") [Frozen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_food "Frozen food") [Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_meat "Ground meat") [Ham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham "Ham") [Jerky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerky "Jerky") [Kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab "Kebab") [Kidney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_\(food\) "Kidney (food)") [Liver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_\(food\) "Liver (food)") [Luncheon meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_meat "Lunch meat") [Marinated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marination "Marination") [Meatball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatball "Meatball") [Meatloaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatloaf "Meatloaf") [Offal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offal "Offal") [Pickled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling "Pickling") [Pemmican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemmican "Pemmican") [Poached](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaching_\(cooking\) "Poaching (cooking)") [Potted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potted_meat "Potted meat") [Rillettes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rillettes "Rillettes") [Roasted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting") [Salt-cured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salting_\(food\)#Meat "Salting (food)") [Salumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salumi "Salumi") [Sausage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage "Sausage") [Smoked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_meat "Smoked meat") [Steak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steak "Steak") [Stewed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew "Stew") [Tandoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandoor "Tandoor") [Tartare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steak_tartare "Steak tartare") \| \| \| List articles \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Meat dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes "List of meat dishes") \| [Beef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes "List of beef dishes") [Chicken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes "List of chicken dishes") [Fish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes "List of fish dishes") [Goat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes "List of goat dishes") [Lamb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes "List of lamb dishes") [Pork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes "List of pork dishes") [Ham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes "List of ham dishes") [Seafood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes "List of seafood dishes") [Veal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes "List of veal dishes") [Steaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes "List of steak dishes") [Meatball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes "List of meatball dishes") [Smoked foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods "List of smoked foods") [Sausage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes "List of sausage dishes") \| \| \| Other \| [Countries by meat consumption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption "List of countries by meat consumption") [Countries by meat production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production "List of countries by meat production") [Food and drink prohibitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions "Food and drink prohibitions") [Meat substitutes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes "List of meat substitutes") \| \| \| Ethics and psychology \| [Ethics of eating meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat "Ethics of eating meat") [Carnism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnism "Carnism") [Animal rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights "Animal rights") [Psychology of eating meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat "Psychology of eating meat") [Meat paradox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox "Psychology of eating meat") \| \| \| Alternatives \| [Vegetarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism "Vegetarianism") [Semi-vegetarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexitarianism "Flexitarianism") [Pescetarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescetarianism "Pescetarianism") [Pollotarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollotarianism "Pollotarianism") [Plant-based diet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant-based_diet "Plant-based diet") [Meat alternative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_alternative "Meat alternative") [Veganism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism "Veganism") \| \| \| [Meat science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_science "Meat science") \| [Beef hormone controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy "Beef hormone controversy") [Drip loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_loss "Drip loss") [Feed conversion ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio "Feed conversion ratio") [Preservation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservation "Food preservation") [Tenderness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_tenderness "Meat tenderness") [Water holding capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity "Meat water holding capacity") \| \| \| [Meat industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_industry "Meat industry") \| [Broker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_broker "Meat broker") [Branch house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_house_\(building\) "Branch house (building)") [Butcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butcher "Butcher") [Cutter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_cutter "Meat cutter") [Environmental impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture "Environmental impacts of animal agriculture") [Factory farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming "Intensive animal farming") [Jobber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_jobber "Meat jobber") [Packing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat-packing_industry "Meat-packing industry") [Slaughter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_slaughter "Animal slaughter") [Slaughterhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse "Slaughterhouse") \| \| \| Related subjects \| [Arachnophagy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnophagy "Arachnophagy") [Artificial marbling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_marbling "Artificial marbling") [Cannibalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cannibalism "Human cannibalism") [Case-ready meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-ready_meat "Case-ready meat") [Meat diaper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_diaper "Meat diaper") [Cultured meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_meat "Cultured meat") [Entomophagy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans "Entomophagy in humans") [Mystery meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_meat "Mystery meat") [Offal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offal "Offal") [Non-vegetarian food in India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India "Non-vegetarian food in India") [Pink slime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_slime "Pink slime") [Raw meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_meat "Raw meat") [Red meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_meat "Red meat") [Roadkill cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine "Roadkill cuisine") [Warmed-over flavor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor "Warmed-over flavor") [White meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_meat "White meat") \| \| \| [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Food "Portal:Food") ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category: Meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Meat "Category:Meat") \| \| \| \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461696#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| International \| [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/7634795-3) [2](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4158203-2) \| \| National \| [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85011786) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944081g) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944081g) [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001300320) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007282994505171) \| \| Other \| [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/5081ef45-5e0e-45df-b68b-9ed2360d9fcd) \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&oldid=1344028220>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecue "Category:Barbecue") - [Eating parties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Eating_parties "Category:Eating parties") - [American 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States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States "Category:Cuisine of the Southern United States") - [Culinary terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culinary_terminology "Category:Culinary terminology") - [Kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Kitchen "Category:Kitchen") - [Earth oven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth_oven "Category:Earth oven") - [Fireplaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fireplaces "Category:Fireplaces") - [Garden features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Garden_features "Category:Garden features") - [Haitian cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Haitian_cuisine "Category:Haitian cuisine") - [Culture of Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Texas "Category:Culture of Texas") - [Cuisine of the Southwestern United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States "Category:Cuisine of the Southwestern United States") 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Barbecued_meats.jpg/500px-Barbecued_meats.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbecued_meats.jpg) Meat being barbecued at [The Salt Lick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salt_Lick "The Salt Lick") restaurant Barbecue or barbeque (often shortened to BBQ worldwide; barbie or barby in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various [cooking methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_methods "Cooking methods") that employ live fire and smoke to cook food.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader [cuisines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine "Cuisine") that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly. The various [regional variations of barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) Indirect barbecues are associated with US cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or [smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_meat "Smoked meat") over wood or [charcoal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal "Charcoal").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures with long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, [grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") of food over hot coals or a gas fire.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-GBC-1) This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Moss-2) ## Etymology and spelling \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbecue&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Etymology and spelling")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg/250px-Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbecue_Virginia_Barbacoa.jpg) The original Arawak term barabicu was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame The English word barbecue and its cognates in other languages come from the [Spanish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language") word [barbacoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa "Barbacoa"), which has its origin in a [Taíno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language "Taíno language") word.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-3) [Etymologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymologist "Etymologist") believe this to be derived from barabicu found in the language of the [Arawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawak "Arawak") people of the [Caribbean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean "Caribbean") and the [Timucua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timucua "Timucua") people of [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida "Florida").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-5) The [Oxford English Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary") (OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a "framework of sticks set upon posts".[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) A popular [folk etymology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_etymology "Folk etymology") of the word says that the term is derived from the [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language") barbe à queue ("from beard to tail") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-7) The term itself has two spellings in English: "barbecue" and "barbeque". While in most countries the spelling "barbecue" is used, the spelling "barbeque" is occasionally used in [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia"), [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-8) and the US. Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word barbecoa in print in Spain in 1526 in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found [Taíno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno "Taíno") roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-9) Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa. Another form of barbacoa involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole [goat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_meat "Goat meat") or [lamb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton "Lamb and mutton"), are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with [maguey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agave_americana "Agave americana") leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. [Olaudah Equiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano "Olaudah Equiano"), an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the "Mosquito people" ([Miskito people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskito_people "Miskito people")) on his journeys to [Cabo Gracias a Dios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Gracias_a_Dios "Cabo Gracias a Dios") on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative [The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-10) Linguists have suggested the word was [loaned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword "Loanword") successively into [Spanish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language"), then [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language"), [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language "French language"), and [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language "English language"). In the form barbacado, the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract A description of the province of New Albion: "the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-11) According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in [Edmund Hickeringill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hickeringill "Edmund Hickeringill")'s Jamaica Viewed: "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat";[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-OED-6) it also appears in 1672 in the writings of [John Lederer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lederer "John Lederer") following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-12) The first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer [William Dampier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dampier "William Dampier"). In his New Voyage Round the World, Dampier wrote, "and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot \[0.91 m\] from the Ground".[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Dampier-13) As early as the 1730s, [New England Puritans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans "Puritans") were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: "I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln \[Colonel\] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued."[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-14) [Samuel Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson "Samuel Johnson")'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-15) - "To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole [hog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig "Pig")" (attestation to Pope) - "Barbecue – a hog dressed whole" While the standard modern English spelling of the word is barbecue, variations including barbeque and truncations such as bar-b-q or BBQ may also be found.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-16) The spelling barbeque is given in [Merriam-Webster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster "Merriam-Webster") as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-18) In the Southeastern [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"), the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-19) Because the word barbecue came from native groups, Europeans gave it "savage connotations".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 24 This association with barbarians and "savages" is strengthened by [Edmund Hickeringill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hickeringill "Edmund Hickeringill")'s work Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements through its descriptions of [cannibalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cannibalism "Human cannibalism"). However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 32 Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in [Theodor de Bry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry "Theodor de Bry")'s Great Voyages, which in Warnes's eyes, "present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery \[...\] that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 36 Today, people in the US associate barbecue with "classic Americana".[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Warnes2008-20): 3 [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/British_Barbecue.jpg/250px-British_Barbecue.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:British_Barbecue.jpg) A British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/250px-Asado_2005.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asado_2005.jpg) A typical [asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado") in Argentina [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg/250px-Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_barbecue-Galbi-06.jpg) Korean barbeque grill used for cooking [galbi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbi "Galbi") In [American English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English "Comparison of American and British English") usage, [grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of [roasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting "Roasting"). In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In [British](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English "British English") usage, barbecueing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heat—known in the United States as broiling. Its South American versions are the southern Brazilian [churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") and the [Southern Cone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cone "Southern Cone") [asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-21) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg/250px-Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arkansas_BBQ_001.jpg) Typical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg/250px-Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pig_Pickin_in_NC.jpg) A barbecued pig For [barbecue in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States "Barbecue in the United States"), each Southern locale has its [own variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions. [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina "South Carolina") is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized [barbecue sauces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_sauce "Barbecue sauce"), including mustard-based, vinegar-based, and light and heavy tomato-based sauces. [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina") sauces vary by region; eastern North Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses [Lexington-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival "Lexington Barbecue Festival"), with a combination of [ketchup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup "Ketchup") and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base. [Memphis barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue "Memphis-style barbecue") is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning ([dry rubs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_rub "Spice rub")) and [smoked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_\(cooking\) "Smoking (cooking)") over [hickory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory "Hickory") wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-Food_Republic-22) [Kansas City barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue "Kansas City–style barbecue") is barbecue that originated in [Kansas City, Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri "Kansas City, Missouri") in the early 20th century. It is known for slow-smoked meats (including pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes fish) cooked over various woods, seasoned with a dry rub, and served with a thick, sweet, tomato-based sauce made from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-23) [St. Louis–style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue "St. Louis–style barbecue") refers to [spare ribs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_ribs "Spare ribs") associated with the [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis") area. These are usually [grilled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") rather than slow-cooked over indirect heat with smoke which is typically associated with the term "barbecue" in the United States. Although St. Louis–style barbecue takes inspiration from other styles of barbecue it still retains its own distinct style. [St. Louis style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue "St. Louis–style barbecue") is known for its distinctive approach to ribs and sauce. The hallmark is the St. Louis–style spare rib cut, which is a rectangular, meaty cut with excess cartilage trimmed off for a uniform appearance and more meat compared to baby back ribs[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-24) In South Africa, [braais](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:3-26) The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-27) It is expected that people attending a [braai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as "bring and braai".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:0-28) Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-29) Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) [Mielie pap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali "Ugali"), also known as "Krummel pap", is a crumbled cornmeal that is often served as a side dish.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:2-30)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-:1-25) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Propane_smoker.jpg/250px-Propane_smoker.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Propane_smoker.jpg) Diagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing Barbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures—usually around 116–138 °C (240–280 °F)—and significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG/250px-Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pakkalanranta_Laanila_Oulu_20140323.JPG) A public barbecue site at a park in [Oulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oulu "Oulu"), Finland, on 23 March 2014 Grilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or [pellets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellet_grill "Pellet grill"). The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired [internal temperature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doneness "Doneness").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-31)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-32) Smoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as [beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer "Beer") or [smoked beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_beer "Smoked beer") are also smoked.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-34) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/BBQ_Lamb.jpg/250px-BBQ_Lamb.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BBQ_Lamb.jpg) Lamb grilling over hot coals [Grilling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling "Grilling") is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-35) The words "barbecue" and "grilling" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-36)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-37) In practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional. The term barbecue is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are [potato chips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_chip "Potato chip").[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_note-38) - [List of barbecue dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_dishes "List of barbecue dishes") – Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method - [List of barbecue restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barbecue_restaurants "List of barbecue restaurants") - [List of smoked foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods "List of smoked foods") - [Regional variations of barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") - [Asado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asado "Asado") – Barbecue style in various South American countries - [Braai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braai "Braai"), South Africa - [Churrasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrasco "Churrasco") – Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat, Brazil - [Korean barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_barbecue "Korean barbecue") – Regional style of food preparation - [Memphis-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue "Memphis-style barbecue") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Mongolian barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_barbecue "Mongolian barbecue") – Stir-fried dish - [Nyama choma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_choma "Nyama choma") – Grilled goat meat, Kenya - [Kansas City-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City-style_barbecue "Kansas City-style barbecue") – Dish of slowly smoked meat - [Kebab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab "Kebab") – Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East - [Mangal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal_\(barbecue\) "Mangal (barbecue)") – Middle Eastern barbecue - [Mashawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue "Regional variations of barbecue") - [North Carolina barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina "Barbecue in North Carolina") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Satay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satay "Satay") – Southeast Asian form of kebab - [Shaokao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaokao "Shaokao") – Chinese term for barbecue - [Siu mei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu_mei "Siu mei") – Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat - [South Carolina barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina "Barbecue in South Carolina") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Souvla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvla "Souvla") – Cyprus skewered barbecue meat - [St. Louis-style barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis-style_barbecue "St. Louis-style barbecue") – Spare ribs dish - [Texas Barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas "Barbecue in Texas") – Regional style of food preparation in the United States - [Yakiniku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakiniku "Yakiniku") – Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan - [Barrel barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_barbecue "Barrel barbecue") – Barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel - [Buccan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccan "Buccan") – Device for grilling - [Burnt ends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnt_ends "Burnt ends") – Barbecued meat delicacy - [Carne asada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_asada "Carne asada") – Dish of grilled and sliced beef - [Ribfest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribfest "Ribfest") – Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada - [Shashlik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashlik "Shashlik") – Form of shish kebab - [Spice rub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_rub "Spice rub") – Spices rubbed on food before cooking - [Teppanyaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppanyaki "Teppanyaki") – Style of Japanese cuisine 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-GBC_1-2) Bawdon, Michael. ["A guide to different types of barbecue"](https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/types-of-barbecue-guide). Great British Chefs. Retrieved 8 April 2021. 2. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Moss_2-1) Moss, RF (2020). Barbecue: the history of an American institution. University Alabama Press. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-3)* Hakim, Joy (2005). The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600 (3rd ed.). [Oxford University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press "Oxford University Press"). p. 121. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-4) Hale, C. Clark (2000). The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0936171022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0936171022 "Special:BookSources/0936171022") . \[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-5) Rachel Bannarasee (13 April 2024). ["Where did the term barbecue come from?"](https://www.chefsresource.com/faq/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from/). ChefsResource. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251008044428/https://www.chefsresource.com/faq/where-did-the-term-barbecue-come-from/) from the original on 8 October 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025. 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-OED_6-1) ["Oxford Dictionary"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210421063037/http://old.cbbqa.org/history/secondary/OxfordEngDictionary.html). Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from [the original](http://old.cbbqa.org/history/secondary/OxfordEngDictionary.html) on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-7)* ["Barbecue"](https://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-bar1.htm). World Wide Words. Retrieved 11 July 2023. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-8) ["Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia"](https://zgrills.com.au/barbeque-or-barbecue/). 25 September 2020. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-9) Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003). [Caribbean Wow 2.0](https://books.google.com/books?id=tXbo9H6t1TcC&q=barbecue+Haiti+barbacoa+Columbus&pg=PA69) (1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781929970049](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929970049 "Special:BookSources/9781929970049") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-10) Equino, Olaudah (2012). [The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano](https://books.google.com/books?id=hkjCHNpp0woC). Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1625584717](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1625584717 "Special:BookSources/978-1625584717") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-11) Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). "4". [A description of the province of New Albion](https://www.virtualjamestown.org/exist/cocoon/jamestown/fha/J1053). Retrieved 15 March 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-12) Lederer, John (1672). [The Discoveries of John Lederer](https://books.google.com/books?id=VAsOAAAAIAAJ&q=barbecue). p. 28. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Dampier_13-0) Dampier, William. [A New Voyage Round the World](https://books.google.com/books?id=R-LuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20). Ripol Classic. p. 20. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [1148385150](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1148385150 "Special:BookSources/1148385150") . Retrieved 12 December 2015. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-14) Hempstead, Joshua (1901). Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut. New London County Historical Society. p. 241. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780259727545](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780259727545 "Special:BookSources/9780259727545") . 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-15) Johnson, Samuel (1756). [A dictionary of the English language](https://books.google.com/books?id=RwwUAAAAQAAJ&q=ba%27rbecue). Oxford University. p. 70. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-16) ["southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways"](http://www.storysouth.com/winter2003/bbqframe.html). storySouth. 5 April 2002. Retrieved 6 September 2012. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service")) 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-17) ["Barbeque"](https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/barbeque). Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 September 2012. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-18) ["Definition of barbecue"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101106031235/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue). Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from [the original](http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue) on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2013. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-19) ["America searches for the perfect barbecue"](https://books.google.com/books?id=f3DuAAAAMAAJ&q=barbecue+meaning+southeast+pork). Newsweek. 103 (19–26\). May 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2015. \[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 20. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Warnes2008_20-3) Warnes, Andrew (2008). [Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food](https://books.google.com/books?id=HLhD_lIRatsC). University of Georgia Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780820328966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820328966 "Special:BookSources/9780820328966") . 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-21)* Matthew Bell (18 July 2013). ["Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way \\| Reviews \\| Lifestyle"](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/reviews/gaucho-grill-how-to-cook-the-argentinian-way-8717832.html). The Independent. Retrieved 12 December 2015. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-Food_Republic_22-0) ["A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic"](https://www.foodrepublic.com/2012/03/13/a-year-of-barbecue-kentucky-mutton/). Food Republic. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-23) ["Kansas City BBQ Guide: Top Spots & Festivals"](https://www.visitkc.com/bbq/barbecue-beginnings/). Visit KC. Retrieved 29 June 2025. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-24) ["St. Louis–Style Barbecue: History and Elements - 2025"](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/st-louis-style-barbecue-explained). MasterClass. Retrieved 29 June 2025. 25. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:1_25-2) Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). "The braai unites South Africans". Christian Science Monitor. 94: 16. 26. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:3_26-1) Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016). ["South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/25/dining/braai.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 6 April 2021. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-27)* ["Things You Must Know About South African Braai -"](https://bbqboy.net/things-you-must-know-about-south-african-braai/). The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:0_28-0) Isabella., Morris (2017). [South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture](https://worldcat.org/oclc/1001989214). Kuperard. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-78702-966-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78702-966-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-78702-966-8") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [1001989214](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1001989214). 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-29) Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). "S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing". Christian Science Monitor. 89. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-:2_30-0) Nugent, Paul (December 2010). ["Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa"](https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/8216624/Do_nations_have_stomachs.pdf) (PDF). Africa Spectrum. 45 (3): 87–113\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1177/000203971004500305](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000203971004500305). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0002-0397](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0397). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [73719750](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73719750). 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-31) McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015). ["How to cook meat properly on the barbecue"](http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-cook-meat-properly-barbecue). BBC Good Food. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-32) ["Barbecue 101"](https://www.saveur.com/article/Techniques/Barbecue-101). SAVEUR. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-33) Colby, Chris. ["Smoked Beer"](https://byo.com/mead/item/1720-smoked-beer). Retrieved 19 October 2017. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-34) McGee p. 767: "Malt whiskies from Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt." 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-35) ["Grill vs barbecue – do you know the difference?"](https://globalnews.ca/news/1392015/grill-vs-barbecue-do-you-know-the-difference/). Global News. Retrieved 7 May 2018. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-36) Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015). ["The difference between grilling and barbecue"](https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/03/living/barbecue-bbq-grilling-july-4-feat/). CNN. Retrieved 16 May 2018. 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-37) ["Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking \\| HomeyCart"](https://homeycart.com/bbq-grilling-smoking-difference/). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#cite_ref-38) Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009). [Food and Nutrition/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan](https://books.google.com/books?id=OVjeiDYHP8cC&q=barbecue+flavoring+added+to+food+items+such+as++potato+chips&pg=PA89). Marshall Cavendish. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780761478201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761478201 "Special:BookSources/9780761478201") . [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg) Look up *[barbecue](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/barbecue "wiktionary:Special:Search/barbecue")* in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. - ["Barbecue"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Barbecue) . [Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition "Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition"). Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. - [Barbecue Food Safety](https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2021/05/27/usda-provides-food-safety-tips-grilling-pros-and-beginners) (US Dept. of Agriculture) - [The Internet BBQ FAQ](http://www.cbbqa.org/wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210427203400/http://www.cbbqa.org/wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_FAQ) 27 April 2021 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") - [Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art](https://www.loc.gov/item/2021687701/) Web cast from the [Library of Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress "Library of Congress")
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