🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa037)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW","crawl_time":1775521277,"first_indexed_time":1376136407,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/BMW s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"BMW - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"This article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see\nBMW (disambiguation)\n.\nBayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft\nCorporate logotype since 2021\nBMW Headquarters\nin Munich, Germany\nCompany type\nPublic\nTraded as\nFWB\n: \nBMW\nDAX\ncomponent\nIndustry\nAutomotive\nPredecessors\nOtto Flugmaschinenfabrik\nRapp Motorenwerke\nFahrzeugfabrik Eisenach\nFounded\nMarch 7, 1916\n; 110 years ago\n(official date)\n1922\n; 104 years ago\n(\nde facto\ndate)\nFounders\nCamillo Castiglioni\nFranz Josef Popp\n[\n1\n]\nHeadquarters\nGermany\nArea served\nWorldwide\nKey people\nOliver Zipse\n(chairman of management board)\nNicolas Peter\n(chairman of supervisory board)\nProducts\nCars\nmotorcycles\nbicycles\nProduction output\n2,661,922 cars (2023)\n221,988 motorcycles (2023)\n[\n2\n]\nBrands\nAutomobiles\nBMW\n(\ni\n,\nM\n,\nX\n,\nZ\n,\nAlpina\n)\nMini\nRolls-Royce\nMotorcycles\nBMW Motorrad\nServices\nCar-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services\nRevenue\n€\n155.50\nbillion\n(2023)\n[\n2\n]\nOperating income\n€17.096\nbillion (2023)\n[\n2\n]\nNet income\n€12.165\nbillion (2023)\n[\n2\n]\nTotal assets\n€250.89\nbillion (2023)\n[\n2\n]\nTotal equity\n€92.923\nbillion (2023)\n[\n2\n]\nOwners\nStefan Quandt\n(25.8%)\nSusanne Klatten\n(20.9%)\nPublic\n(53.4%)\n[\n3\n]\nNumber of employees\n157,000 (2024)\n[\n4\n]\nWebsite\nbmwgroup\n.com\n(corporate)\nbmw\n.com\n(brand)\nBayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft\n(\nBMW AG\n),\n[\n5\n]\ntrading as\nBMW Group\n(commonly abbreviated to\nBMW\n(\nGerman pronunciation:\n[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː]\nⓘ\n), sometimes anglicised as\nBavarian Motor Works\n), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of\nluxury vehicles\nand\nmotorcycles\nheadquartered in\nMunich\n, Germany. The moniker, \"\nBMW\n\", first came into use when the German firm\nRapp Motorenwerke\nchanged its name to\nBayerische Motoren Werke GmbH\n(BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer\nBayerische Flugzeugwerke AG\n(formerly\nOtto Flugmaschinenfabrik\n), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.\n[\n6\n]\n[\n7\n]\nBMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW,\nMini\n, and\nRolls-Royce\nbrands while its motorcycles are marketed under the\nBMW Motorrad\nbrand. In 2023, BMW became the world's\nninth-largest producer of motor vehicles\n(with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)\n[\n8\n]\nas well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.\n[\n9\n]\nIn 2023, it was ranked 46th in the\nForbes\nGlobal 2000\n.\n[\n10\n]\nThe company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in\ntouring cars\n,\nsports cars\n, and the\nIsle of Man TT\n. BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry.\nBMW AG is\nheadquartered in Munich\nand produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.\n[\n11\n]\nThe\nQuandt family\n [\nde\n]\nis a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers\nHerbert\nand\nHarald Quandt\nin 1959 which saved BMW from\nbankruptcy\n, with remaining shares owned by\nthe public\n.\nSports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world.\nHistoric sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954).\nTop-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition.\nTeam managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers.\nBMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).\nThe name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year.\nBMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32.\nBMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3\/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles.\nAircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the\nBMW 801\naircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.\n[\n12\n]\nThese consisted primarily of prisoners from\nNazi concentration camps\n, most prominently\nDachau\n. Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.\nBMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the\nBMW 501\nluxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper\nIsetta\nmicrocar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.\n[\n13\n]\n[\n14\n]\nA large investment in BMW by\nHerbert Quandt\nand\nHarald Quandt\nresulted in the company surviving as a separate entity.\nGünther Quandt\nwas a well-known German industrialist and joined the\nNazi Party\nin 1933; he made a fortune arming the\nWehrmacht\n, manufacturing weapons and batteries.\n[\n15\n]\nMany of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.\n[\n16\n]\nOne of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.\n[\n16\n]\n[\n17\n]\nWhile Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the\nNazi era\nby his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.\n[\n12\n]\nThe relative success of the small\nBMW 700\nassisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans.\n1972\nBMW 5 Series\n(1st generation)\nThe 1962 introduction of the\nBMW New Class\ncompact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The\nBMW 5 Series\nmid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the\nBMW 3 Series\ncompact sedans in 1975, the\nBMW 6 Series\nluxury coupés in 1976 and the\nBMW 7 Series\nlarge luxury sedans in 1978.\nThe\nBMW M\ndivision released its first road car, the\nM1\n, a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the\nBMW M5\nin 1984 and the\nBMW M3\nin 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989\nBMW Z1\nmarked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995\nBMW Z3\nwas their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999\nBMW X5\nwas the company's first entry into the SUV market.\nThe company purchased the\nRover Group\nin 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from\nVickers\n.\nBMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units\n[\n18\n]\nof a turbocharged\nBMW M10\nengine for the\nBMW 02 Series\n), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010\nBMW ActiveHybrid 7\n, and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the\nBMW i3\ncity car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric\nBMW 1602 Elektro\nsaloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).\n[\n19\n]\nAfter many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first\nfront-wheel drive\ncar was the 2014\nBMW 2 Series Active Tourer\nmulti-purpose vehicle (MPV)\n.\nIn March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.\n[\n20\n]\nIn August 2019,\nOliver Zipse\nreplaced\nHarald Krüger\nas the head of the BMW Group.\n[\n21\n]\nIn January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of\nCOVID-19 pandemic\nrestrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.\n[\n22\n]\nThis recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.\n[\n23\n]\n[\n24\n]\nAdditionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.\n[\n23\n]\nOn 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called \"The Final V12\",\n[\n25\n]\nthe last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.\n[\n25\n]\nOn 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.\n[\n26\n]\nIn September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.\n[\n27\n]\nIn January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in\nresearch and development (R&D)\nin 2025.\n[\n28\n]\nBMW is an abbreviation for\nBayerische Motoren Werke\n. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name,\nBayerische Motorenwerke\n(\nGerman pronunciation:\n[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə\nmoˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə]\nⓘ\n) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.\n[\n29\n]\n[\n30\n]\nBayerische Motorenwerke\ntranslates into English as\nBavarian Motor Works\n.\n[\n31\n]\nThe suffix AG, short for\nAktiengesellschaft\n, signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., \"Incorporated\" (US) or PLC, \"Public Limited Company\" (UK).\nThe terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as\nslang\nfor BMW in the English language\n[\n32\n]\n[\n33\n]\nand are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.\n[\n34\n]\n[\n35\n]\n[\n36\n]\nThe circular blue and white BMW logo or\nroundel\nevolved from the circular\nRapp Motorenwerke\ncompany logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,\n[\n37\n]\nan image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the\ncoat of arms\nand\nflag of Bavaria\n(which in turn are based on the arms of the historic\nHouse of Wittelsbach\n, which\nruled Bavaria\nfor many centuries).\n[\n37\n]\nThe logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.\n[\n38\n]\nA persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.\n[\n37\n]\n[\n39\n]\nThe current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,\n[\n40\n]\nremoving 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.\n[\n41\n]\n[\n42\n]\nLogo used in vehicles since 1997\nThe logo on a BMW car\nLogo used for publicity purposes since March 2020\nThe slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,\n[\n43\n]\n[\n44\n]\nand first used in ads celebrating their win at the\n1975 12 Hours of Sebring\n.\n[\n45\n]\nIn 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.\n[\n46\n]\nIn 2023, the\nWorld Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)\n’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the\nMadrid System\nas 2nd in the world, with 124\ntrademarks\napplications submitted during 2023.\n[\n47\n]\nFranz Josef Popp (1922–1942)\nFritz Hille (1942–1945)\nHanns Grewenig (1947–1952)\nHeinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960)\nHerbert Quandt (1960–1970)\n[\n48\n]\nEberhard von Kuenheim\n(1970–1993)\n[\n49\n]\nBernd Pischetsrieder\n(1993–1999)\nJoachim Milberg\n(1999–2002)\n[\n50\n]\nHelmut Panke\n(2002–2006)\n[\n51\n]\nNorbert Reithofer\n(2006–2015)\n[\n52\n]\nHarald Krüger\n(2015–2019)\n[\n53\n]\nOliver Zipse\n(2019–2026)\n[\n54\n]\nMilan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026)\n[\n55\n]\nSales by region (2024)\n[\n56\n]\nRegion\nshare\nRest of Europe\n28.8%\nChina\n22.3%\nUnited States\n19.0%\nGermany\n13.9%\nRest of Asia\n10.4%\nRest of Americas\n3.4%\nRest of the World\n2.2%\nSales by business unit (2024)\n[\n56\n]\nRegion\nshare\nAutomotive\n75.0%\nFinancial services\n23.1%\nMotorcycles\n1.9%\nThe key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):\n[\n57\n]\n[\n58\n]\n[\n59\n]\n[\n60\n]\nYear\nRevenue\n(€ bn)\nNet income\n(€ bn)\nTotal assets\n(€ bn)\nNumber of\nsold cars\n(m)\n[\n61\n]\nEmployees\n(k)\n2007\n56.0\n3.1\n88.9\n1.5\n107\n2008\n53.1\n0.32\n101\n1.4\n100\n2009\n50.6\n0.20\n101\n1.2\n96.2\n2010\n60.4\n3.2\n108\n1.4\n95.4\n2011\n68.8\n4.8\n123\n1.6\n100\n2012\n76.8\n5.0\n131\n1.8\n105\n2013\n76.0\n5.3\n138\n1.9\n110\n2014\n80.4\n5.7\n154\n2.1\n116\n2015\n92.1\n6.3\n172\n2.2\n122\n2016\n94.1\n6.8\n188\n2.3\n124\n2017\n98.6\n8.6\n193\n2.4\n129\n2018\n97.4\n7.1\n208\n2.4\n134\n2019\n104\n4.9\n241\n2.5\n133\n2020\n98.9\n3.7\n216\n2.3\n120\n2021\n111\n12.3\n229\n2.5\n118\n2022\n142\n17.9\n246\n2.3\n146\n2023\n155\n11.2\n250\n2.5\n152\n2024\n142\n7.3\n268\n2.5\n157\nThe\nR32\nmotorcycle\n, the first BMW\nmotor vehicle\n, at the\nBMW Museum\nin\nMunich\nThe 2015\nBMW R1200RT\nBMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.\n[\n62\n]\nIts motorcycle brand is now known as\nBMW Motorrad\n. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the \"\nR32\n\" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.\n[\n63\n]\nThis had a \"\nboxer\n\" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the\nR Series\n.\nThe entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory.\nDuring the Second World War, BMW produced the\nBMW R75\nmotorcycle with a motor-driven\nsidecar\nattached. Combined with a lockable\ndifferential\n, the vehicle was very capable off-road.\n[\n64\n]\nIn 1982 came the\nK Series\n, with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven\nF\nand\nG\nseries with single and parallel twin\nRotax\nengines.\nIn the early 1990s, BMW updated the\nairhead\nBoxer engine which became known as the\noilhead\n. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the\nR1200GS\n, compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous\nR1150GS\n. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively.\nIn 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.\nBMW introduced\nanti-lock brakes\non production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of\nelectronic stability control\n, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.\nBMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an\nEarles fork\n, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called\nswinging arm\n). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.\n[\n65\n]\nBMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought\nHusqvarna Motorcycles\nfor an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.\nIn September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.\n[\n66\n]\nThe design of the\nbike\nwas inspired by the company's\nBMW R1200 GS\nmodel.\n[\n67\n]\nThe current model lines of BMW cars are:\n1 Series\nfive-door hatchbacks (model code\nF70\n).\n2 Series\ntwo-door coupes (model code\nG42\n), \"Active Tourer\" five-seat MPVs (\nU06\n), four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans (model code\nF74\n) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (\nF78\n).\n3 Series\nfour-door sedans (model code\nG20\n), five-door station wagons (\nG21\n) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (\nG28\n).\n4 Series\ntwo-door coupes (model code\nG22\n), two-door convertibles (model code\nG23\n) and five-door \"Gran Coupe\" fastbacks (model code\nG26\n).\n5 Series\nfour-door sedans (model code\nG60\n), five-door station wagons (\nG61\n) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (\nG68\n).\n7 Series\nfour-door sedans (model code\nG70\n).\n8 Series\ntwo-door convertibles (model code\nG14\n), two-door coupes (\nG15\n) and four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans (\nG16\n).\n1 Series (\nF70\n)\n2 Series Gran Coupé (\nF74\n)\n2 Series (\nG42\n)\n3 Series (\nG20\n)\n4 Series (\nG22\n)\n5 Series (\nG60\n)\n7 Series (\nG70\n)\n8 Series (\nG15\n)\nThe current model lines of the\nX Series\nSUVs and crossovers are:\nX1\n(\nU11\n)\nX2\n(\nU10\n)\nX3\n(\nG45\n)\nX5\n(\nG05\n)\nX6\n(\nG06\n)\nX7\n(\nG07\n)\nXM\n(\nG09\n)\nThe current model line of the\nZ Series\ntwo-door roadsters is the\nZ4\n(model code\nG29\n).\nAll-electric vehicles\nand\nplug-in hybrid vehicles\nare sold under the\nBMW i\nsub-brand. The current model range consists of:\ni3\nD-segment\n(compact) sedan, exclusive to China\ni4\nD-segment\n(compact) liftback\ni5\nE-segment\n(executive) sedan\ni7\nF-segment\n(full-size) sedan\niX1\nC-segment\n(subcompact) SUV\niX2\nC-segment\n(subcompact) SUV\niX3\nD-segment\n(compact) SUV\niX\nE-segment\n(mid-size) SUV\nIn addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as\niPerformance\nmodels. Examples include the\n225xe\nusing a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the\n330e\n\/\n530e\nusing a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,\n[\n68\n]\n[\n69\n]\nand the\n550e\n\/\n750e\nusing a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.\n[\n69\n]\n[\n70\n]\nAlso,\ncrossover\nand\nSUV\nplug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology:\nX1 xDrive25e\n,\nX2 xDrive25e\n,\nX3 xDrive30e\n, and\nX5 xDrive40e\n.\n[\n71\n]\nThe\nBMW M GmbH\nsubsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978.\nAs of November 2024\n, the M lineup is:\n[\n72\n]\n[\nfailed verification\n]\nM2\ntwo-door coupe\nM3\nfour-door sedan and five-door station wagon\nM4\ntwo-door coupe\/convertible\nM5\nfour-door sedan and five-door station wagon\nM8\ntwo-door coupe\/convertible and four-door sedan\nX5 M\nmid-size SUV\n[\n73\n]\nX6 M\nmid-size coupe SUV\n[\n74\n]\nXM\nLarge SUV\n[\n75\n]\nThe letter \"M\" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the\nF20\nM140i model, the\nG11\nM760Li model and various optional extras called \"M Sport\", \"M Performance\" or similar.\nNaming convention for models\n[\nedit\n]\nBMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:\nTouring cars\n, such as\nDTM\n,\nWTCC\n,\nETCC\nand\nBTCC\nFormula One\nEndurance racing, such as\n24 Hours Nürburgring\n,\n24 Hours of Le Mans\n,\n24 Hours of Daytona\nand\nSpa 24 Hours\nIsle of Man TT\nDakar Rally\nAmerican Le Mans Series\nIMSA SportsCar Championship\nFormula BMW\n, a junior racing\nFormula\ncategory\nFormula Two\nFormula E\nSuperbike World Championship\nInvolvement in the arts\n[\nedit\n]\nBMW Headquarters\nThe global\nBMW Headquarters\nin Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a\nfour-cylinder engine\n. It was designed by\nKarl Schwanzer\nand was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon\n[\n76\n]\nand was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower.\nBMW Museum\nis a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.\n[\n77\n]\nThe interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.\nBMW Welt\n, the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by\nCoop Himmelb(l)au\nand opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.\n[\n78\n]\nBMW Museum\nBMW Welt\nIn 1975, sculptor\nAlexander Calder\nwas commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by\nHervé Poulain\nat the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including\nDavid Hockney\n,\nJenny Holzer\n,\nRoy Lichtenstein\n,\nRobert Rauschenberg\n,\nFrank Stella\n, and\nAndy Warhol\n.\n[\n76\n]\nTo date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.\n1975\n3.0 CSL\nArt Car by Alexander Calder\n1979\nM1\nArt Car by Andy Warhol\nBMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with\nArt Basel\n, and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.\n[\n79\n]\n[\n80\n]\nBMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998\nThe Art of the Motorcycle\nexhibition at various\nGuggenheim museums\n, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.\n[\n81\n]\n[\n82\n]\nIn 2012, BMW began sponsoring\nIndependent Collectors\nproduction of the\nBMW Art Guide\n, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.\n[\n83\n]\nThe fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.\n[\n84\n]\nProduction and sales\n[\nedit\n]\nSpot welding\n3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany\nBMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:\nGermany: Munich,\nDingolfing\n, Regensburg and Leipzig\nUnited States:\nSpartanburg\n[\n85\n]\n[\n86\n]\nMexico: San Luis Potosí\n[\n87\n]\nChina:\nShenyang\nSouth Africa: Rosslyn\nBMW also has local assembly operation using\ncomplete knock-down\n(CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.\n[\n88\n]\nIn the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.\n[\n89\n]\nThe BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.\n[\n90\n]\n[\n91\n]\nBMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.\nBy 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.\n[\n92\n]\nOn average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.\n[\n93\n]\nAnnual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:\n[\n91\n]\nAnnual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports:\n* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include\nHusqvarna\nmodels.\n** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.\nIn November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.\n[\n94\n]\nIn 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.\n[\n95\n]\nFollowing the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.\n[\n96\n]\nThis affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,\n[\n97\n]\nleading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.\n[\n98\n]\nIndustry collaboration\n[\nedit\n]\nBMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:\nMcLaren Automotive\n: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the\nMcLaren F1\n.\n[\n99\n]\n[\n100\n]\nGroupe PSA\n(predecessor to\nStellantis\n): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.\n[\n101\n]\nDaimler Benz\n: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the\nActiveHybrid 7\n.\n[\n102\n]\n[\n103\n]\nDevelopment of automated driving technology.\n[\n104\n]\nToyota\n: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop\nfuel cell\ntechnology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018\nBMW Z4 (G29)\nand\nToyota Supra\n) and research\nlithium-air batteries\n.\n[\n105\n]\n[\n106\n]\n[\n107\n]\nAudi\nand\nMercedes\n: Joint purchase of Nokia's\nHere WeGo\n(formerly Here Maps) in 2015.\n[\n108\n]\nIn 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.\n[\n109\n]\nBMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics\nBMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the\nUnited States Olympic Committee\nin July 2010.\n[\n110\n]\n[\n111\n]\nIn golf, BMW has sponsored various events,\n[\n112\n]\nincluding the\nPGA Championship\nsince 2007,\n[\n113\n]\n[\n114\n]\nthe\nItalian Open\nfrom 2009 to 2012, the\nBMW Masters\nin China from 2012 to 2015\n[\n115\n]\n[\n116\n]\nand the\nBMW International Open\nin Munich since 1989.\n[\n117\n]\nIn\nrugby\n, BMW sponsored the\nSouth Africa national rugby union team\nfrom 2011 to 2015.\n[\n118\n]\n[\n119\n]\nCar-sharing services\n[\nedit\n]\nDriveNow\nwas a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,\n[\n120\n]\nDriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.\n[\n121\n]\nIn 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.\n[\n122\n]\n[\n123\n]\nThe\nReachNow\ncar-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.\n[\n124\n]\nReachNow currently operates in\nSeattle\n,\nPortland\nand\nBrooklyn\n.\nIn 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car\nsubscription service\nfor the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in\nNashville\n, Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was \"suspended\".\n[\n125\n]\nOverseas subsidiaries\n[\nedit\n]\nProduction facilities\n[\nedit\n]\nThe first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and\nBrilliance Auto\n.\n[\n126\n]\n[\n127\n]\nThe plant was opened in the\nShenyang\nindustrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.\n[\n128\n]\n[\n129\n]\nIn 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.\n[\n130\n]\nBetween January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.\n[\n131\n]\nOn 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.\n[\n53\n]\nIn February 2022, BMW invested an additional $4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.\n[\n132\n]\nIn June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).\n[\n133\n]\nThe investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor\nOlaf Scholz\n's visit to China.\n[\n134\n]\nOn 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near\nDebrecen\n, will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.\n[\n135\n]\nIn July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of\nSan Luis Potosí\ninvolving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.\n[\n136\n]\nThe Mini Convertible,\nMini Countryman\nand BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the\nVDL Nedcar\nfactory in\nBorn\nup until its closure on February 16, 2024.\n[\n137\n]\n[\n138\n]\n[\n139\n]\nThe factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.\n[\n140\n]\nLong-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.\n[\n141\n]\nBMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,\n[\n142\n]\nwhen Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in\nRosslyn\n, near\nPretoria\n. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became\nBMW South Africa\n, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as\nFord\nand\nGM\n, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.\nFollowing the end of\napartheid\nin 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to\nright hand drive\nmarkets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as\nSub-Saharan Africa\n. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in\nleft-hand drive\nfor export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.\nThree unique models that\nBMW Motorsport\ncreated for the South African market were the\nE23\nM745i (1983), which used the\nM88\nengine from the\nBMW M1\n, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre\nM30\nengine to the\nE30\n,\n[\n143\n]\nand the\nE30\nBMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an\nAlpina\n-derived 2.7-litre engine.\nThe plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is \"N\".\n[\n144\n]\nBMW Zentrum museum in\nSpartanburg\n, South Carolina\nBMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956\n[\n145\n]\nand manufactured in the United States since 1994.\n[\n146\n]\nThe first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.\n[\n147\n]\nIn 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.\n[\n148\n]\nThe manufacturing plant in\nGreer, South Carolina\nhas the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,\n[\n149\n]\ncurrently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.\n[\n150\n]\nThe models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the\nX3\n,\nX4\n,\nX5\n,\nX6\n,\nX7\nand\nXM\nSUV models.\nIn addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.\nComplete knock-down assembly facilities\n[\nedit\n]\nOn 9 October 2014, BMW's new\ncomplete knock-down\n(CKD) assembly plant in\nAraquari\n, assembled its first car— an\nF30\n3 Series.\n[\n151\n]\n[\n152\n]\nThe cars assembled at Araquari are the\nF20\n1 Series,\nF30\n3 Series,\nF48\nX1,\nF25\nX3 and Mini Countryman.\n[\n153\n]\nBavarian Auto Group\nbecame the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003.\nSince 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from\ncomplete knock-down\ncomponents at the BMW plant in Cairo.\n[\n153\n]\nBMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in\nGurugram\n.\nA BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in\nChennai\nin 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.\n[\n153\n]\n[\n154\n]\nThe 20 Million\nEuro\nplant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year.\nPT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in\nCentral Jakarta\n. It was managed by\nPT. Astra International\n.\n10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion\nIndonesian rupiah\nto expand its production, by establish the\ncomplete knock-down\n(CKD) assembly plant in\nGaya Motor\n's production facility in\nSunter, Jakarta\n. the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market\n2 Series (gran coupé)\n,\n3 Series (sedan)\n,\n5 Series (sedan)\n,\n7 Series\n,\nX1\n,\nX3\n,\nX5\n,\nX7\n, and\nMini Countryman\n.\nBMW's\ncomplete knock-down\n(CKD) assembly plant in\nKedah\n. Assembled Malaysia-market\n1 Series\n,\n3 Series\n,\n5 Series\n,\n7 Series\n,\nX1\n,\nX3\n,\nX4\n,\nX5\n,\nX6\nand Mini Countryman since 2008.\n[\n155\n]\nRussian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in\nKaliningrad\nbeginning in 1999.\n[\n156\n]\nIn March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the\nRussian invasion of Ukraine\n.\n[\n157\n]\nIn Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the\n1600\n,\n2002\n,\n3 Series\nand\n5 Series\n, totalling 12,000 units.\n[\n158\n]\n[\n159\n]\nBMW's first dealership in Canada, located in\nOttawa\n, was opened in 1969.\n[\n160\n]\nIn 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.\n[\n161\n]\nBMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.\n[\n162\n]\nBMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.\n[\n163\n]\nBMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of\nSan Miguel Corporation\n, is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.\n[\n164\n]\nBMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.\n[\n165\n]\nBMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near\nIncheon International Airport\n.\n[\n166\n]\nBMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.\n[\n167\n]\nBMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for\nApple Car Play\n. After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.\n[\n168\n]\n[\n169\n]\nIn 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners $18 a month to use heated seats.\n[\n170\n]\nThey removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.\n[\n171\n]\nBMW Group Classic\nList of BMW engines\n^\nLewin, Tony (November 2016).\nThe BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines\n. Motorbooks. p. 10.\nISBN\n \n978-0-7603-5017-1\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\n\"BMW Group Report 2023\"\n(PDF)\n. BMW AG. pp. \n328–\n329\n. Retrieved\n2 September\n2024\n.\n^\n\"BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure\"\n.\nwww.bmwgroup.com\n. Retrieved\n11 July\n2023\n.\n^\nCite error: The named reference\nhttps:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html\nwas invoked but never defined (see the\nhelp page\n).\n^\n\"Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft\"\n.\nOpenCorporates\n. 12 December 1995\n. Retrieved\n2 July\n2025\n.\n^\nLewin, Tony (November 2016).\nThe BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines\n. Motorbooks. pp. \n9–\n10.\nISBN\n \n978-0-7603-5017-1\n.\n^\n\"History\"\n.\nBMW AG\n. Retrieved\n10 August\n2021\n.\n^\n\"2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer\"\n. F&I Tools USA. 2023\n. Retrieved\n1 May\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller\"\n.\nStatista\n.\n^\n\"The Global 2000 2023\"\n.\nForbes\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 29 January 2024\n. Retrieved\n7 February\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born\"\n.\nnos.nl\n. 15 October 2020.\n^\na\nb\n\"Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years\"\n.\nDeutsche Welle\n. 2016.\n^\n\"BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era\"\n.\nThe Times of India\n. 20 December 2018.\nISSN\n \n0971-8257\n. Retrieved\n17 December\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW\"\n.\nMotor1.com\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\n^\n\"BMW and the Holocaust\"\n.\nJewish Virtual Library\n. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 December 2022.\n^\na\nb\n\"Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories\"\n.\nJewish Virtual Library\n. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from\nthe original\non 30 December 2022.\n^\n\"BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich\"\n.\nDer Spiegel\n. 2007.\n^\n\"BMW 2002 turbo\"\n.\nArchived\n25 April 2023 at the\nWayback Machine\n. BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n^\n\"BMW 1602 Elektro\"\n.\nArchived\n28 April 2022 at the\nWayback Machine\n. BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n^\nDigitale, Usine (28 March 2018).\n\"BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité\"\n.\nusine digitale\n.\n^\n\"Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG\"\n.\npress bmw group\n.\n^\n\"BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll\"\n.\nReuters\n. 12 January 2021\n. Retrieved\n12 January\n2021\n.\n^\na\nb\nHaider, Martin (30 June 2020).\n\"Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group\"\n.\nHungarian Geographical Bulletin\n.\n69\n(2):\n119–\n135.\nBibcode\n:\n2020HuGBu..69..119H\n.\ndoi\n:\n10.15201\/hungeobull.69.2.3\n.\n^\nKukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (7 July 2021).\n\"The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader\"\n.\nJournal of Business Strategy\n.\n42\n(4):\n268–\n277.\ndoi\n:\n10.1108\/JBS-02-2020-0021\n.\nhdl\n:\n10256\/19355\n.\nISSN\n \n0275-6668\n.\n^\na\nb\nSilvestro, Brian (18 January 2022).\n\"BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li\"\n.\nRoad & Track\n. Hearst Communications.\n^\nSergeev, Angel (5 October 2023).\n\"Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss\"\n.\nmotor1\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2023\n.\n^\nKharpal, Arjun (10 September 2025).\n\"Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers\"\n.\nCNBC\n. Retrieved\n9 December\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Growth in EU private R&D investment slows | Science|Business\"\n.\nsciencebusiness.net\n. Retrieved\n1 April\n2026\n.\n^\nHans List:\nVorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine\n, Springer, Wien, 1949.\nISBN\n \n9783662294888\n.\nVerzeichnis der Abkürzungen\n^\nRoland Löwisch:\nBMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar\n. HEEL, 2016,\nISBN\n \n9783958434066\n. p 7.\n^\n\"BMW 1970s brochure for the United States\"\n.\nwww.bmw-grouparchiv.de\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 14 January 2018\n. Retrieved\n10 February\n2018\n.\n^\nBee em \/ BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc\n.\nNational Library of Australia\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 July 2011\n. Retrieved\n23 October\n2009\n.\n^\n\"No Toupees allowed\"\n.\nBangkok Post\n. 2 October 2009. Archived from\nthe original\non 6 October 2009\n. Retrieved\n24 October\n2009\n.\n^\nLighter, Jonathan E. (1994).\nRandom House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G\n. Vol. 1. Random House. pp. \n126–27\n.\nISBN\n \n978-0-394-54427-4\n.\nBeemer\nn.\n[BMW + ''er''] a BMW automobile. Also\nBeamer.\n^\nLighter, Jonathan E. (1994).\nRandom House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G\n. Vol. 1. Random House. p. \n159\n.\nISBN\n \n978-0-394-54427-4\n.\nBimmer\nn.\nBeemer.\n^\n1982\nS. Black\nTotally Awesome\n83 BMW (\"Beemer\").\n1985\nL.A. Times\n(13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.\n1989\nL. Roberts\nFull Cleveland\n39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.\n1990\nHull High\n(NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.\n1991\nCathy\n(synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... [ground] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer!\n1992\nTime\n(18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"The BMW Logo – meaning and history\"\n. BMW\n. Retrieved\n20 August\n2021\n.\n^\nBMW (5 June 2010).\n\"The origin of the BMW logo\"\n.\nYouTube\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 February 2013\n. Retrieved\n29 December\n2011\n.\n^\nWilliams, Stephen (7 January 2010).\n\"BMW Roundel: Not Born From Planes\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 January 2010\n. Retrieved\n29 December\n2011\n.\n^\nBMW changes logo for the digital age\n, Retrieved 8 March 2020\n^\n\"Introducing BMW's new brand design for online and offline communication\"\n.\nwww.press.bmwgroup.com\n. Retrieved\n5 March\n2020\n.\n^\nGartenberg, Chaim (4 March 2020).\n\"BMW's new flat logo is everything that's wrong with modern logo design\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\n5 March\n2020\n.\n^\n\"The Stories Behind 10 of the Most Iconic Brand Slogans\"\n.\nwww.highsnobiety.com\n. 7 April 2015\n. Retrieved\n2 November\n2017\n.\n[\ndead link\n]\n^\n\"Can Lutz repeat his BMW marketing magic at GM?\"\n.\nwww.autonews.com\n. Retrieved\n2 November\n2017\n.\n^\n\"The Ultimate Ad Slogan: BMW becomes the Ultimate Driving Machine\"\n.\nBMW USA News\n. 10 February 2025.\n^\n\"BMW Still the Ultimate Driving Machine\"\n.\nForbes.com\n. 31 May 2012.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 December 2013\n. Retrieved\n29 September\n2013\n.\n^\n\"Madrid Yearly Review 2024\"\n(PDF)\n. p. 22.\n^\nhttps:\/\/bmwcarclubgb.uk\/2020\/04\/08\/straight-six-throwback-bmw-the-company-in-the-uk-1960-to-1980\/#:~:text=The%20injection%20of%20new%20capital,than%20just%20deal%20in%20cars\n.\n^\n\"The Prussian noble who molded BMW\"\n.\nAutomotive News\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 December 2004\n. Retrieved\n6 August\n2025\n.\n^\nColeman, Brian (8 February 1999).\n\"BMW's Chairman Resigns; Milberg Is Named as Successor\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n. Retrieved\n6 August\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Helmut Panke\"\n.\nEuropean CEO\n. Retrieved\n6 August\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Dr. Norbert Reithofer to Succeed Helmut Panke as BMW Chairman\"\n.\nmwerks.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 March 2016.\n^\na\nb\n\"Stocks\"\n.\nBloomberg.com\n. Retrieved\n5 September\n2017\n.\n^\nSachgau, Oliver (21 July 2019).\n\"BMW's new CEO brings steeliness to chart electric-car course\"\n.\nThe Detroit News\n. Retrieved\n6 August\n2025\n.\n^\nWilmot, Stephen (9 December 2025).\n\"BMW Names New Boss to Guide It Through Industry Upheaval\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2026\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"BMW AG: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile | DE0005190003 | MarketScreener\"\n.\nwww.marketscreener.com\n. Retrieved\n20 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"BMW St Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen\"\n.\nboerse.de\n(in German)\n. Retrieved\n29 November\n2023\n.\n^\n\"BMW Fundamentals (2007-2015)\"\n. 14 February 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017\n. Retrieved\n2 August\n2024\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"BMW Fundamentals (2013-2021)\"\n. 8 December 2022. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022\n. Retrieved\n2 August\n2024\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Company Reports\"\n.\nwww.bmwgroup.com\n. Retrieved\n29 November\n2023\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group: Car shipments yearly\"\n.\nStatista\n. Retrieved\n2 August\n2024\n.\n^\nPeter Gantriis, Henry Von Wartenberg. \"The Art of BMW: 85 Years of Motorcycling Excellence\". MotorBooks International, September 2008, p. 10.\n^\n\"What is the history of BMW motorcycles in the USA?\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 24 August 2017\n. Retrieved\n6 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"R75WH\"\n. 30 November 2018. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 February 2020\n. Retrieved\n4 February\n2020\n.\n^\n\"BMW Telelever Explained\"\n.\nwww.motorbikestoday.com\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\n^\nO'Kane, Sean (12 September 2018).\n\"BMW made a self-driving motorcycle\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 June 2019\n. Retrieved\n30 May\n2019\n.\n^\nSu, Jean Baptiste (14 September 2018).\n\"BMW Unveils The First Driverless Motorcycle\"\n.\nForbes\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 May 2019\n. Retrieved\n30 May\n2019\n.\n^\n\"Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how\"\n. BMW Group. November 2016. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 October 2016\n. Retrieved\n3 November\n2016\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Electrification completed: New BMW 5 Series Sedan now also available with plug-in hybrid drive\"\n.\nwww.press.bmwgroup.com\n. Retrieved\n22 January\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Progress and efficiency with added variety: additional drive system variants and innovations for the new BMW 7 Series\"\n.\nwww.press.bmwgroup.com\n. Retrieved\n22 January\n2024\n.\n^\n\"BMW Plug-in Hybrid Models\"\n. BMW UK. 19 May 2020\n. Retrieved\n20 June\n2020\n.\nThe 330e and 530e are available as\nsedan or saloon\nand\nwagon or touring\ntrims.\n^\n\"BMW M models\"\n. BMW USA\n. Retrieved\n2 September\n2022\n.\n^\n\"The Next-Generation BMW X5 M Could Debut Early In 2020\"\n.\nwww.carbuzz.com\n. 30 December 2017\n. Retrieved\n29 July\n2019\n.\n^\n\"2020 BMW X6 (G06) Spied In Spartanburg\"\n.\nwww.autoevolution.com\n. 25 June 2018.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 29 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n29 July\n2019\n.\n^\nbmwusa.com\n^\na\nb\nPatton, Phil (12 March 2009).\n\"These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. p. AU1.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 29 March 2017.\n^\nWilliams, Stephen (31 December 2009).\n\"Touring the Temples of German Automaking\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n21 October\n2017\n.\n^\nSchmitt, Bernd; Van Zutphen, Glenn (2012),\nHappy Customers Everywhere: How Your Business Can Profit from the Insights of Positive Psychology\n, Macmillan, p. 64,\nISBN\n \n9781137000460\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on 19 March 2018\n^\n\"The Short List Is in for the 2021 Edition of the BMW Art Journey Initiative. And the Nominees Are...\"\nArtnet News\n. 21 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n19 May\n2023\n.\n^\n\"The BMW Painting Award\"\n.\nAcciona Cultura\n. Retrieved\n19 May\n2023\n.\n^\n\"When merchants enter the temple; Marketing museums\"\n.\nThe Economist\n. 21 April 2001. Archived from\nthe original\non 27 May 2010\n. Retrieved\n8 August\n2009\n.\n^\nVogel, Carol (3 August 1998).\n\"Latest Biker Hangout? Guggenheim Ramp\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. p. A1.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 December 2014.\n^\n\"About the Guide – \"I don't think anybody has been to all these places.\"\n\"\n.\nwww.bmw-art-guide.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 February 2017\n. Retrieved\n26 February\n2017\n.\n^\n\"HYPERALLERGIC: The Fourth BMW Art Guide by Independent Collectors\"\n. 13 December 2016.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 June 2019\n. Retrieved\n30 June\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BMW increasing Spartanburg production to 200,000 yearly\"\n. BMW Car Club of America. Archived from\nthe original\non 12 November 2007.\n^\n\"Contact Us\"\n.\nwww.bmwusfactory.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 February 2018\n. Retrieved\n28 April\n2018\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group Plant San Luis Potosi\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 December 2018\n. Retrieved\n16 November\n2018\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group Production\"\n. BMW Customer Service. May 2005. p. 3\n. Retrieved\n17 February\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Almost all UK car production paused amid virus fears\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 18 March 2020\n. Retrieved\n19 March\n2020\n.\n^\n\"World Motor Vehicle Production, OICA correspondents survey 2006\"\n(PDF)\n. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 12 June 2010\n. Retrieved\n28 August\n2010\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Annual Report 2010\"\n(PDF)\n. BMW Group. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 16 May 2011\n. Retrieved\n16 March\n2011\n.\n^\nHolloway, Hilton (11 February 2011).\n\"The future of BMW's engines\"\n. Autocar.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 January 2012.\n^\nLudwig, Christopher (22 December 2016).\n\"BMW's 'connected' logistics: Shaping a self-steering supply chain\"\n. Automotive Logistics. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 April 2017\n. Retrieved\n6 April\n2017\n.\nlogistics as the \"heart of BMW's production system\": 30m parts per day move from 1,800 suppliers; 7,000 sea freight containers per day, and in a year 84 million cubic metres across ocean, road, rail and air freight. Outbound, around 9,000 vehicles leave BMW plants each day on their way to 4,500 dealers in 160 countries. 63% of cars leave plants by train\n^\nAtiyeh, Clifford (November 2016).\n\"BMW Recalls 136,000 Cars for Fuel Leaks and Stalling\"\n.\nCar and Driver\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 August 2018\n. Retrieved\n14 August\n2018\n.\n^\nRandewich, Noel; Duguid, Kate (7 August 2018).\n\"BMW recalls 324,000 cars in Europe after Korean engine fires: FAZ\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 August 2018\n. Retrieved\n13 August\n2018\n.\n^\nMullen, Jethro (14 August 2018).\n\"BMW Recall: South Korea announces ban after engine fires\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 October 2018\n. Retrieved\n16 October\n2018\n.\n^\n\"BMW코리아 '시정계획서'엔…2년 전 결함 인지→본사 보고까지 : 네이버 뉴스\"\n.\nwww.naver.com\n(in Korean).\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 August 2019\n. Retrieved\n30 July\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BMW코리아·본사가 결함 은폐해온 의혹\" 차주들, 고소 나선다 : 네이버 뉴스\"\n.\nwww.naver.com\n(in Korean)\n. Retrieved\n30 July\n2019\n.\n^\n\"McLaren F1 Supercar\"\n.\nwww.caranddriver.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Jay Leno Pulls Out McLaren F1's V12 Engine for All to See\"\n.\nwww.carscoops.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 February 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"PSA, BMW Collaboration Grows\"\n.\nwww.wardsauto.com\n. 19 January 2007.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 Review\"\n.\nwww.topspeed.com\n. 13 August 2009\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 – Official Information\"\n.\nwww.bmwblog.com\n. 12 August 2009. Archived from\nthe original\non 6 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW and Daimler to develop automated driving tech\"\n.\nKERO\n. 5 July 2019.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n8 July\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation Deepen Collaboration by Signing Binding Agreements\"\n.\nwww.bmwgroup.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW, Toyota Confirm Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Technology Deals\"\n. 24 January 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 June 2016.\n^\n\"BMW and Toyota sign Agreement for Fuel Cell System, Sports Vehicle, Lightweight Technology and Lithium-air Battery\"\n.\nwww.bmwblog.com\n. 24 January 2013\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nokia sells Here maps unit to Audi, BMW, and Mercedes for $3 billion\"\n.\nwww.theverge.com\n. 3 August 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n5 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Horizn Studios Introduces New Product Line\"\n. vegconomist.com. 29 November 2018\n. Retrieved\n23 September\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BMW, USOC make 6-year sponsorship deal official\"\n.\nwww.teamusa.org\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW to sponsor America's Olympic committee\"\n.\nwww.autonews.com\n. 23 July 2010\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW Int'l Sponsorship Head Eckhard Wannieck Talks About Company's Sports Sponsorships\"\n.\nwww.sportsbusinessdaily.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW extends sponsorship of BMW Championship\"\n.\nwww.pgatour.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Sponsors\"\n.\nwww.pgatour.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Who Does What: Automobile Manufacturers\"\n.\nwww.sponsorship.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 September 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"A Slow And Steady Course: Inside BMW's Sponsorship Strategy\"\n.\nwww.sponsorship.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 June 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW extends sponsorship of Wentworth PGA event\"\n. Sportbusiness.com. Archived from\nthe original\non 12 June 2010\n. Retrieved\n28 July\n2011\n.\n^\n\"BMW named new Springbok sponsor\"\n.\nwww.supersport.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW SA drops the Springboks\"\n.\nwww.wheels24.co.za\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 December 2016\n. Retrieved\n9 March\n2017\n.\n^\n\"About DriveNow Car Sharing from BMW & Sixt\"\n.\nwww.drive-now.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 27 June 2018\n. Retrieved\n27 June\n2018\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group takes top prize at the 2012 Corporate Entrepreneur Awards for premium car-sharing joint venture DriveNow. Jury impressed by willingness to trial new models of mobility\"\n. Electricdrive.org. 30 October 2012. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 October 2013\n. Retrieved\n29 September\n2013\n.\n^\n\"Alphabet Business Mobility solutions\"\n.\nwww.bmwgroup.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 May 2019\n. Retrieved\n22 July\n2019\n.\n^\n\"Corporate car sharing scheme claims to be a first\"\n.\nwww.fleetnews.co.uk\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n2 April\n2012\n.\n^\nReachNow official website. \"\nReachNow | CarSharing by BMW, BMW i, MINI\nArchived\n13 April 2016 at the\nWayback Machine\n.\" 8 May 2016.\n^\nHawkins, Andrew J (14 January 2021).\n\"BMW becomes the latest automaker to shut down its subscription service\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\n25 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"\nGeneral Overview\n\", Brilliance Auto.\nArchived\n19 January 2016 at the\nWayback Machine\n.\n^\n\"BMW opens China factory\"\n. TestDriven. 21 May 2004.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 March 2009\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Brands and Products – BMW Vehicles & SAVs\"\n.\nBrilliance Auto\n. 20 December 2023.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 July 2011.\n^\n\"BMW launches new plant in Shenyang\"\n.\nPeople's Daily Online\n. 21 May 2004. Archived from\nthe original\non 16 October 2012\n. Retrieved\n11 July\n2019\n.\n^\nSchmidt, Nico (24 May 2012).\n\"BMW to Boost China Investment\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nISSN\n \n0099-9660\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2021\n.\n^\n\"BMW to Pay $820 Million to China Car Dealers, Group Says\"\n.\nBloomberg News\n. 5 January 2015. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 January 2015.\n^\nWaldersee, Victoria (11 February 2022).\n\"BMW pays $4.2 BLN to take control of Chinese JV\"\n.\nReuters\n.\n^\n\"BMW to open a new factory in Shenyang\"\n. 23 June 2022.\n^\n\"BMW confirms it will invest another US$1.4 billion in Chinese EV battery plant\"\n. 14 November 2022.\n^\n\"BMW to build 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 31 July 2018\n. Retrieved\n31 July\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Joining rivals, BMW to set up $1bn plant in Mexico\"\n.\nMexico Star\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 August 2014\n. Retrieved\n28 June\n2014\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group Report 2020\"\n(PDF)\n.\nBMW Group\n. March 2021. p. 93.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 9 October 2022\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nedcar rescue deal finalised\"\n.\nDutch News\n. 1 October 2012\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2021\n.\n^\nNWS, VRT (16 February 2024).\n\"Laatste auto rolt van de band bij Nedcar in Born, ook honderden Belgen verliezen hun baan | VRT NWS: nieuws\"\n.\nVRTNWS\n(in Dutch)\n. Retrieved\n8 September\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Limburg factory that once built BMWs to become military production hub | NL Times\"\n.\nnltimes.nl\n. 23 March 2025\n. Retrieved\n8 September\n2025\n.\n^\n\"VDL Nedcar: no new follow-up order for MINI Countryman\"\n.\nVDL Groep\n. 15 October 2020\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Corporate Information: History\"\n. BMW South Africa. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 April 2007.\n^\n\"BMW South Africa – Plant Rosslyn\"\n. Bmwplant.co.za.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 March 2009\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Manufacturer's Information Dabase\"\n.\nNHTSA\n.\n^\n\"Isetta 300 model selection\"\n.\nwww.realoem.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 26 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n26 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Company - History\"\n.\nwww.bmwgroup.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n26 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"This is how BMW became the top selling luxury car company in the U.S.\"\nwww.fortune.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Sales by Manufacturer\"\n.\nwww.edmunds.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n26 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports\".\nRoundel\n.\nBMW Car Club of America\n: 30. April 2015.\nISSN\n \n0889-3225\n.\n^\n\"Production\"\n. BMW Manufacturing Co. Archived from\nthe original\non 27 December 2019\n. Retrieved\n27 December\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BMW Group assembles first car in Brazil\"\n. press.bmwgroup.com. 9 October 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n21 December\n2014\n.\n^\n\"BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US\"\n.\nwww.just-auto.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"BMW: Global growth\"\n.\nwww.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"International BMW website\"\n. Bmw.in. 11 December 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 April 2009\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2009\n.\n^\n\"BMW: Global growth\"\n.\nAutomotive Manufacturing Solutions\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 October 2019\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Production of new BMW 5 series begins in Kaliningrad\"\n.\nPravda.Ru\n. 29 March 2004. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 February 2009.\n^\n\"BMW приостанавливает производство и импорт автомобилей в Россию\"\n(in Russian).\nИнтерфакс\n. 1 March 2022.\n^\n\"Los 50 del 2002\"\n.\nMotorsports El País\n(in Spanish). 8 November 2018.\n^\n\"Primer aniversario de la partida física de José Arijón Rama\"\n.\nEl País\n(in Spanish). 29 April 2019.\n^\n\"The Otto's Story\"\n.\nwww.bmwottos.ca\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100\"\n.\nwww.theglobeandmail.com\n. 7 March 2016.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 March 2018\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"History of BMW Canada\"\n.\nwww.bmwlondon.ca\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"About BMW Japan Corp\"\n.\nwww.bmwcareer.jp\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 28 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"BMW Philippines\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 March 2020\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019\"\n. autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020\n. Retrieved\n3 February\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Introduction to BMW Korea\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 August 2019\n. Retrieved\n12 August\n2019\n.\n^\n\"BYD cements lead as Singapore's top-selling car brand as EV sales surge to 45% of new registrations\"\n.\nCNA\n. Retrieved\n12 March\n2026\n.\n^\n\"BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)\"\n.\nEngadget\n. 4 December 2019\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\n^\nEstrada, Zac (16 January 2018).\n\"Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\n^\nVincent, James (12 July 2022).\n\"BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for $18 a month\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\n^\nHawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023).\n\"BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\n14 January\n2025\n.\nGrunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006).\nDas Unternehmen BMW seit 1916\n[\nThe BMW Company since 1916\n] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag.\nISBN\n \n3932169468\n.\nHodges, David (2000).\nBMW\n. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing.\nISBN\n \n0750921447\n.\nKiley, David (2004).\nDriven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World\n. John Wiley & Sons.\nISBN\n \n978-0-471-26920-5\n.\nLewandowski, Jürgen (2006).\nBMW: Typen und Geschichte\n[\nBMW: Types and History\n] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing.\nISBN\n \n3768814203\n.\nLewin, Tony (2022).\nBMW Century\n(2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks.\nISBN\n \n9780760373774\n.\nNoakes, Andrew (2010).\nThe Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo\n. Bath: Parragon Books.\nISBN\n \n9781407549781\n.\nSchrader, Halwart\n[in German]\n(2011).\nBMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion\n[\nBMW: Passion · Power · Perfection\n] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.\nISBN\n \n9783613033788\n.\n———————— (2016).\nBMW: Von 1981 bis heute\n[\nBMW: From 1981 to today\n]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.\nISBN\n \n9783613038721\n.\nWerner, Constanze (2006).\nKriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW\n[\nWar Economy and Forced Labour at BMW\n] (in German). München: Oldenbourg.\nISBN\n \n3486577921\n.\nWikimedia Commons has media related to\nBMW\n.\nOfficial website","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=BMW \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=BMW \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=BMW \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=BMW \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [1\\.1 21st century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#21st_century)\n- [2 Branding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Branding)\n  Toggle Branding subsection\n  - [2\\.1 Company name](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Company_name)\n  - [2\\.2 Logo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Logo)\n  - [2\\.3 Slogan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Slogan)\n  - [2\\.4 Marks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Marks)\n- [3 Leadership](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Leadership)\n- [4 Corporate affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Corporate_affairs)\n- [5 Motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Motorcycles)\n- [6 Automobiles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Automobiles)\n  Toggle Automobiles subsection\n  - [6\\.1 Current models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Current_models)\n    - [6\\.1.1 i models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#i_models)\n    - [6\\.1.2 M models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#M_models)\n  - [6\\.2 Naming convention for models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Naming_convention_for_models)\n- [7 Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Motorsport)\n- [8 Involvement in the arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Involvement_in_the_arts)\n  Toggle Involvement in the arts subsection\n  - [8\\.1 Architecture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Architecture)\n  - [8\\.2 Art Cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Art_Cars)\n  - [8\\.3 Visual arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Visual_arts)\n- [9 Production and sales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Production_and_sales)\n- [10 Recalls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Recalls)\n- [11 Industry collaboration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Industry_collaboration)\n- [12 Sponsorships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Sponsorships)\n- [13 Car-sharing services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Car-sharing_services)\n- [14 Overseas subsidiaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Overseas_subsidiaries)\n  Toggle Overseas subsidiaries subsection\n  - [14\\.1 Production facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Production_facilities)\n    - [14\\.1.1 China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#China)\n    - [14\\.1.2 Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Hungary)\n    - [14\\.1.3 Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Mexico)\n    - [14\\.1.4 Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Netherlands)\n    - [14\\.1.5 South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#South_Africa)\n    - [14\\.1.6 United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#United_States)\n  - [14\\.2 Complete knock-down assembly facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities)\n    - [14\\.2.1 Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Brazil)\n    - [14\\.2.2 Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Egypt)\n    - [14\\.2.3 India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#India)\n    - [14\\.2.4 Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Indonesia)\n    - [14\\.2.5 Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Malaysia)\n    - [14\\.2.6 Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Russia)\n    - [14\\.2.7 Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Uruguay)\n  - [14\\.3 Vehicle importers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Vehicle_importers)\n    - [14\\.3.1 Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Canada)\n    - [14\\.3.2 Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Japan)\n    - [14\\.3.3 Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Philippines)\n    - [14\\.3.4 Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Korea)\n    - [14\\.3.5 Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Singapore)\n- [15 Criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Criticism)\n- [16 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#See_also)\n- [17 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#References)\n- [18 Further reading](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Further_reading)\n- [19 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# BMW\n107 languages\n\n- [Afrikaans](https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Afrikaans\")\n- [Aragonés](https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Aragonese\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88 \"بي إم دبليو – Arabic\")\n- [الدارجة](https:\/\/ary.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%A4%D9%8A \"بي إم دوبلڤي – Moroccan Arabic\")\n- [مصرى](https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88 \"بى ام دبليو – Egyptian Arabic\")\n- [Asturianu](https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Asturian\")\n- [Azərbaycanca](https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Azerbaijani\")\n- [تۆرکجه](https:\/\/azb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88 \"بی ام و – South Azerbaijani\")\n- [Boarisch](https:\/\/bar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Bavarian\")\n- [Žemaitėška](https:\/\/bat-smg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Samogitian\")\n- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 \"БМВ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Belarusian\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 \"БМВ – Bulgarian\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89 \"বিএমডব্লিউ – Bangla\")\n- [Bosanski](https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Bosnian\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Catalan\")\n- [کوردی](https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88 \"بی ئێم دەبلیوو – Central Kurdish\")\n- [Corsu](https:\/\/co.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Corsican\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Czech\")\n- [Cymraeg](https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Welsh\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Danish\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – German\")\n- [Zazaki](https:\/\/diq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Dimli\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Greek\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Estonian\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%88 \"ب‌ام‌و – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groupe_BMW \"Groupe BMW – French\")\n- [Nordfriisk](https:\/\/frr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Northern Frisian\")\n- [Gaeilge](https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Irish\")\n- [Galego](https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Galician\")\n- [Hausa](https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Hausa\")\n- [客家語 \/ Hak-kâ-ngî](https:\/\/hak.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Hakka Chinese\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Hebrew\")\n- [हिन्दी](https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82_\$BMW\$ \"बीएमडब्लू (BMW) – Hindi\")\n- [Hrvatski](https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Croatian\")\n- [Magyar](https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Hungarian\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Armenian\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Indonesian\")\n- [Interlingue](https:\/\/ie.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Interlingue\")\n- [Íslenska](https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Icelandic\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Japanese\")\n- [Jawa](https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Javanese\")\n- [ქართული](https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Georgian\")\n- [Qaraqalpaqsha](https:\/\/kaa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Kara-Kalpak\")\n- [Қазақша](https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Kazakh\")\n- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82 \"ಬಿಎಂಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ – Kannada\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Korean\")\n- [Kurdî](https:\/\/ku.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Kurdish\")\n- [Кыргызча](https:\/\/ky.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Kyrgyz\")\n- [Lëtzebuergesch](https:\/\/lb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Luxembourgish\")\n- [Ladin](https:\/\/lld.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Ladin\")\n- [Lingála](https:\/\/ln.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Lingala\")\n- [Lietuvių](https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Lithuanian\")\n- [Latviešu](https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Latvian\")\n- [Malagasy](https:\/\/mg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Malagasy\")\n- [Minangkabau](https:\/\/min.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Minangkabau\")\n- [Македонски](https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 \"БМВ – Macedonian\")\n- [മലയാളം](https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81. \"ബി.എം.ഡബ്ല്യു. – Malayalam\")\n- [Монгол](https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Mongolian\")\n- [मराठी](https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82 \"बीएमडब्ल्यू – Marathi\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Malay\")\n- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0 \"ဘီအမ်ဒဗလျူ – Burmese\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk nynorsk](https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Norwegian Nynorsk\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Polish\")\n- [Piemontèis](https:\/\/pms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Piedmontese\")\n- [پنجابی](https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88 \"بی ایم ڈبلیو – Western Punjabi\")\n- [پښتو](https:\/\/ps.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88 \"ب ام و – Pashto\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Portuguese\")\n- [Runa Simi](https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Quechua\")\n- [Rumantsch](https:\/\/rm.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Romansh\")\n- [Română](https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Romanian\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Russian\")\n- [संस्कृतम्](https:\/\/sa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82 \"बि एम् डब्ल्यू – Sanskrit\")\n- [Саха тыла](https:\/\/sah.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Yakut\")\n- [Scots](https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Scots\")\n- [Srpskohrvatski \/ српскохрватски](https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Serbo-Croatian\")\n- [සිංහල](https:\/\/si.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A \"බී එම් ඩබ්ලිව් – Sinhala\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Simple English\")\n- [Slovenčina](https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Slovak\")\n- [Slovenščina](https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Slovenian\")\n- [Shqip](https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Albanian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Serbian\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Swedish\")\n- [Kiswahili](https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Swahili\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82 \"பி.எம்.டபிள்யூ – Tamil\")\n- [Тоҷикӣ](https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW \"BMW – Tajik\")\n- 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encyclopedia\n\nGerman automotive manufacturer\n\nThis article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see [BMW (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_\$disambiguation\$ \"BMW (disambiguation)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg\/250px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg)Corporate logotype since 2021 |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg\/250px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:4_cilindros_de_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania1.jpg)[BMW Headquarters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") in Munich, Germany |   |\n| Company type | [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_company \"Public company\") |\n| [Traded as](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_symbol \"Ticker symbol\") | [FWB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange \"Frankfurt Stock Exchange\"): [BMW](https:\/\/www.boerse-frankfurt.de\/global-search\/BMW) [DAX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DAX \"DAX\") component |\n| Industry | [Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry \"Automotive industry\") |\n| Predecessors | [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik \"Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik\") [Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\") [Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") |\n| Founded | March 7, 1916; 110 years ago (1916-03-07) (official date)1922; 104 years ago (1922) (*de facto* date) |\n| Founders | [Camillo Castiglioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camillo_Castiglioni \"Camillo Castiglioni\") [Franz Josef Popp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Josef_Popp \"Franz Josef Popp\") [\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-1) |\n| Headquarters | Germany |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Key people | [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") (chairman of management board) [Nicolas Peter](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas%20Peter) (chairman of supervisory board) |\n| Products | [Cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Car \"Car\") [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") [bicycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bicycle \"Bicycle\") |\n| Production output | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 2,661,922 cars (2023) ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 221,988 motorcycles (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| Brands | **Automobiles** [BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Automobiles) ([i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\"), [M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\"), [X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X \"BMW X\"), [Z](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\"), [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\")) [Mini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\") [Rolls-Royce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\") **Motorcycles** [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") |\n| Services | Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services |\n| Revenue | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) [€](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro \"Euro\")155\\.50 [billion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Billion_\$short_scale\$ \"Billion (short scale)\") (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Operating income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes \"Earnings before interest and taxes\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €17.096 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €12.165 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Total assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €250.89 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Total equity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equity_\$finance\$ \"Equity (finance)\") | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €92.923 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| Owners | [Stefan Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stefan_Quandt \"Stefan Quandt\") (25.8%) [Susanne Klatten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susanne_Klatten \"Susanne Klatten\") (20.9%) [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public \"Public\") (53.4%)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-3) |\n| Number of employees | 157,000 (2024)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html-4) |\n| Website | [bmwgroup.com](http:\/\/bmwgroup.com\/) (corporate) [bmw.com](http:\/\/bmw.com\/) (brand) |\n\n**Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft** (**BMW AG**),[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-5) trading as **BMW Group** (commonly abbreviated to **BMW** (German pronunciation: [\\[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Standard_German \"Help:IPA\/Standard German\") [ⓘ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:De-BMW.ogg \"File:De-BMW.ogg\")), sometimes anglicised as **Bavarian Motor Works**), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of [luxury vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luxury_car \"Luxury car\") and [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") headquartered in [Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich \"Munich\"), Germany. The moniker, \"*BMW* \", first came into use when the German firm *[Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\")* changed its name to *Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH* (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer *Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG* (formerly *[Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik \"Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik\")*), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lewin2016-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-History-7)\n\nBMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, [Mini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\"), and [Rolls-Royce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\") brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's [ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_automotive_manufacturers_by_production \"List of automotive manufacturers by production\") (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-8) as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-9) In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the [*Forbes* Global 2000](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes_Global_2000 \"Forbes Global 2000\").[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-10) The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in [touring cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Touring_car_racing \"Touring car racing\"), [sports cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_car_racing \"Sports car racing\"), and the [Isle of Man TT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isle_of_Man_TT \"Isle of Man TT\"). BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry.\n\nBMW AG is [headquartered in Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-11) The [Quandt family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Quandt_\$family\$&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Quandt (family) (page does not exist)\") \\[[de](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quandt_\$Familie\$ \"de:Quandt (Familie)\")\\] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers [Herbert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Quandt \"Herbert Quandt\") and [Harald Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Quandt \"Harald Quandt\") in 1959 which saved BMW from [bankruptcy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy \"Bankruptcy\"), with remaining shares owned by [the public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_float \"Public float\").\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\nMain article: [History of BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW \"History of BMW\")\n\nSports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world.\n\nHistoric sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954).\n\nTop-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition.\n\nTeam managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers.\n\nBMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).\n\nThe name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year.\n\nBMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32.\n\nBMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3\/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles.\n\nAircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the [BMW 801](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_801 \"BMW 801\") aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) These consisted primarily of prisoners from [Nazi concentration camps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps \"Nazi concentration camps\"), most prominently [Dachau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dachau \"Dachau\"). Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.\n\nBMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the [BMW 501](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_501 \"BMW 501\") luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper [Isetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isetta \"Isetta\") microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-14)\n\nA large investment in BMW by [Herbert Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Quandt \"Herbert Quandt\") and [Harald Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Quandt \"Harald Quandt\") resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. [Günther Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCnther_Quandt \"Günther Quandt\") was a well-known German industrialist and joined the [Nazi Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Party \"Nazi Party\") in 1933; he made a fortune arming the *[Wehrmacht](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wehrmacht \"Wehrmacht\")*, manufacturing weapons and batteries.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-15) Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16) One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16)[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-17) While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the [Nazi era](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany \"Nazi Germany\") by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12)\n\nThe relative success of the small [BMW 700](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_700 \"BMW 700\") assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg\/250px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)\n\n1972 [BMW 5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E12\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E12)\") (1st generation)\n\nThe 1962 introduction of the [BMW New Class](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class \"BMW New Class\") compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The [BMW 5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the [BMW 3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") compact sedans in 1975, the [BMW 6 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\") luxury coupés in 1976 and the [BMW 7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") large luxury sedans in 1978.\n\nThe [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") division released its first road car, the [M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\"), a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the [BMW M5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M5 \"BMW M5\") in 1984 and the [BMW M3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M3 \"BMW M3\") in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 [BMW Z1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z1 \"BMW Z1\") marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 [BMW Z3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z3 \"BMW Z3\") was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 [BMW X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$E53\$ \"BMW X5 (E53)\") was the company's first entry into the SUV market.\n\nThe company purchased the [Rover Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rover_Group \"Rover Group\") in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from [Vickers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vickers \"Vickers\").\n\n### 21st century\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: 21st century\")\\]\n\nBMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-18) of a turbocharged [BMW M10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M10 \"BMW M10\") engine for the [BMW 02 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\")), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 [BMW ActiveHybrid 7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\"), and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the [BMW i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i3_\$hatchback\$ \"BMW i3 (hatchback)\") city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric [BMW 1602 Elektro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\") saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-19) After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first [front-wheel drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Front-wheel_drive \"Front-wheel drive\") car was the 2014 [BMW 2 Series Active Tourer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") [multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minivan \"Minivan\").\n\nIn March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-20)\n\nIn August 2019, [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") replaced [Harald Krüger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger \"Harald Krüger\") as the head of the BMW Group.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-21)\n\nIn January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-22) This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-24) Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)\n\nOn 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called \"The Final V12\",[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Road-25)\n\nOn 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-26)\n\nIn September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-27)\n\nIn January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in [research and development (R\\&D)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") in 2025.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-28)\n\n## Branding\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Branding\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg\/250px-BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg)\n\nBMW badge on a 1931 [Dixi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Dixi \"BMW Dixi\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg\/250px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flag_of_Bavaria_\$lozengy\$.svg)\n\n[Flag of Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Bavaria \"Flag of Bavaria\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg\/250px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg)\n\n1970 [Garmisch concept](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Garmisch \"BMW Garmisch\")\n\n### Company name\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Company name\")\\]\n\nBMW is an abbreviation for *Bayerische Motoren Werke*. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, *Bayerische Motorenwerke* (German pronunciation: [\\[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Standard_German \"Help:IPA\/Standard German\") [ⓘ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:GT_BMW-AG.ogg \"File:GT BMW-AG.ogg\")) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-30) *Bayerische Motorenwerke* translates into English as *Bavarian Motor Works*.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-31) The suffix AG, short for *[Aktiengesellschaft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aktiengesellschaft \"Aktiengesellschaft\")*, signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., \"Incorporated\" (US) or PLC, \"Public Limited Company\" (UK).\n\nThe terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as [slang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slang \"Slang\") for BMW in the English language[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-32)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-33) and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lighter1-34)[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lighter2-35)[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-36)\n\n### Logo\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Logo\")\\]\n\nThe circular blue and white BMW logo or [roundel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roundel#Corporate_use \"Roundel\") evolved from the circular *[Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\")* company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the [coat of arms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coat_of_arms_of_Bavaria \"Coat of arms of Bavaria\") and [flag of Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Bavaria \"Flag of Bavaria\") (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic [House of Wittelsbach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Wittelsbach \"House of Wittelsbach\"), which [ruled Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria \"List of rulers of Bavaria\") for many centuries).[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-38)\n\nA persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-39)\n\nThe current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-40) removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-41)[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-42)\n\n- [![Logo used in vehicles since 1997](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/BMW.svg\/250px-BMW.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW.svg \"Logo used in vehicles since 1997\")\n  Logo used in vehicles since 1997\n- [![The logo on a BMW car](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg\/250px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Squircle_\$120290377\$.jpg \"The logo on a BMW car\")\n  The logo on a BMW car\n- [![Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg\/250px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_logo_\$gray\$.svg \"Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020\")\n  Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020\n\n### Slogan\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Slogan\")\\]\n\nThe slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-43)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-44) and first used in ads celebrating their win at the [1975 12 Hours of Sebring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1975_12_Hours_of_Sebring \"1975 12 Hours of Sebring\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-45) In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-46)\n\n### Marks\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Marks\")\\]\n\nIn 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization \"World Intellectual Property Organization\")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid_Protocol \"Madrid Protocol\") as 2nd in the world, with 124 [trademarks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trademarks \"Trademarks\") applications submitted during 2023.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-47)\n\n## Leadership\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Leadership\")\\]\n\n- Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942)\n- Fritz Hille (1942–1945)\n- Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952)\n- Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960)\n- Herbert Quandt (1960–1970)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-48)\n- [Eberhard von Kuenheim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eberhard_von_Kuenheim \"Eberhard von Kuenheim\") (1970–1993)[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-49)\n- [Bernd Pischetsrieder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernd_Pischetsrieder \"Bernd Pischetsrieder\") (1993–1999)\n- [Joachim Milberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joachim_Milberg \"Joachim Milberg\") (1999–2002)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-50)\n- [Helmut Panke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Panke \"Helmut Panke\") (2002–2006)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-51)\n- [Norbert Reithofer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norbert_Reithofer \"Norbert Reithofer\") (2006–2015)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-52)\n- [Harald Krüger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger \"Harald Krüger\") (2015–2019)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:0-53)\n- [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") (2019–2026)[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-54)\n- Milan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-55)\n\n## Corporate affairs\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Corporate affairs\")\\]\n\n| Region | share |\n|---|---|\n| Rest of Europe | 28\\.8% |\n| China | 22\\.3% |\n| United States | 19\\.0% |\n| Germany | 13\\.9% |\n| Rest of Asia | 10\\.4% |\n| Rest of Americas | 3\\.4% |\n| Rest of the World | 2\\.2% |\n\n| Region | share |\n|---|---|\n| Automotive | 75\\.0% |\n| Financial services | 23\\.1% |\n| Motorcycles | 1\\.9% |\n\nThe key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-57)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-58)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-59)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-60)\n\n| Year | Revenue (€ bn) | Net income (€ bn) | Total assets (€ bn) | Number of sold cars (m)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-61) | Employees (k) |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 2007 | 56\\.0 | 3\\.1 | 88\\.9 | 1\\.5 | 107 |\n| 2008 | 53\\.1 | 0\\.32 | 101 | 1\\.4 | 100 |\n| 2009 | 50\\.6 | 0\\.20 | 101 | 1\\.2 | 96\\.2 |\n| 2010 | 60\\.4 | 3\\.2 | 108 | 1\\.4 | 95\\.4 |\n| 2011 | 68\\.8 | 4\\.8 | 123 | 1\\.6 | 100 |\n| 2012 | 76\\.8 | 5\\.0 | 131 | 1\\.8 | 105 |\n| 2013 | 76\\.0 | 5\\.3 | 138 | 1\\.9 | 110 |\n| 2014 | 80\\.4 | 5\\.7 | 154 | 2\\.1 | 116 |\n| 2015 | 92\\.1 | 6\\.3 | 172 | 2\\.2 | 122 |\n| 2016 | 94\\.1 | 6\\.8 | 188 | 2\\.3 | 124 |\n| 2017 | 98\\.6 | 8\\.6 | 193 | 2\\.4 | 129 |\n| 2018 | 97\\.4 | 7\\.1 | 208 | 2\\.4 | 134 |\n| 2019 | 104 | 4\\.9 | 241 | 2\\.5 | 133 |\n| 2020 | 98\\.9 | 3\\.7 | 216 | 2\\.3 | 120 |\n| 2021 | 111 | 12\\.3 | 229 | 2\\.5 | 118 |\n| 2022 | 142 | 17\\.9 | 246 | 2\\.3 | 146 |\n| 2023 | 155 | 11\\.2 | 250 | 2\\.5 | 152 |\n| 2024 | 142 | 7\\.3 | 268 | 2\\.5 | 157 |\n\n## Motorcycles\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Motorcycles\")\\]\n\nSee also: [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") and [History of BMW motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles \"History of BMW motorcycles\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/R32-pn.jpg\/250px-R32-pn.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:R32-pn.jpg)\n\nThe [R32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R32 \"BMW R32\") [motorcycle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\"), the first BMW [motor vehicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_vehicle \"Motor vehicle\"), at the [BMW Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Museum \"BMW Museum\") in [Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich \"Munich\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e7\/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg\/250px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)\n\nThe 2015 [BMW R1200RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200RT \"BMW R1200RT\")\n\nBMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-artof-62) Its motorcycle brand is now known as [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\"). Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the \"[R32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R32 \"BMW R32\")\" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-63) This had a \"[boxer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flat-twin_engine \"Flat-twin engine\")\" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the [R Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#R_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\").\n\nThe entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory.\n\nDuring the Second World War, BMW produced the [BMW R75](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R75 \"BMW R75\") motorcycle with a motor-driven [sidecar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sidecar \"Sidecar\") attached. Combined with a lockable [differential](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differential_\$mechanics\$ \"Differential (mechanics)\"), the vehicle was very capable off-road.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-64)\n\nIn 1982 came the [K Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200S \"BMW K1200S\"), with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven [F](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#F_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\") and [G](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#G_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\") series with single and parallel twin [Rotax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rotax \"Rotax\") engines.\n\nIn the early 1990s, BMW updated the [airhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airhead_\$motorcycle\$ \"Airhead (motorcycle)\") Boxer engine which became known as the [oilhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oilhead \"Oilhead\"). In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the [R1200GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200GS \"BMW R1200GS\"), compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous [R1150GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1150GS \"BMW R1150GS\"). More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively.\n\nIn 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.\n\nBMW introduced [anti-lock brakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-lock_braking_system \"Anti-lock braking system\") on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of [electronic stability control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_stability_control \"Electronic stability control\"), or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.\n\nBMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an [Earles fork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earles_fork \"Earles fork\"), front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called [swinging arm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swinging_arm \"Swinging arm\")). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-65)\n\nBMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Husqvarna_Motorcycles \"Husqvarna Motorcycles\") for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.\n\nIn September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-66) The design of the [bike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") was inspired by the company's [BMW R1200 GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200GS \"BMW R1200GS\") model.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-67)\n\n## Automobiles\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Automobiles\")\\]\n\n### Current models\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Current models\")\\]\n\nSee also: [List of BMW vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_vehicles \"List of BMW vehicles\"), [Mini (marque)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\"), and [Rolls-Royce Motor Cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\")\n\nThe current model lines of BMW cars are:\n\n- [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series \"BMW 1 Series\") five-door hatchbacks (model code [F70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F70\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F70)\")).\n- [2 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series \"BMW 2 Series\") two-door coupes (model code [G42](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$G42\$ \"BMW 2 Series (G42)\")), \"Active Tourer\" five-seat MPVs ([U06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\")), four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans (model code [F74](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([F78](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\")).\n- [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\")), five-door station wagons ([G21](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G28](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G20 \"BMW G20\")).\n- [4 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\") two-door coupes (model code [G22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")), two-door convertibles (model code [G23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")) and five-door \"Gran Coupe\" fastbacks (model code [G26](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")).\n- [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")), five-door station wagons ([G61](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G68](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G60 \"BMW G60\")).\n- [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\")).\n- [8 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\") two-door convertibles (model code [G14](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G14\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G14)\")), two-door coupes ([G15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\")) and four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans ([G16](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\")).\n\n- [![1 Series (F70)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg\/500px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_120_\$F70\$_IMG_0362.jpg \"1 Series (F70)\")\n  1 Series ([F70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F70\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F70)\"))\n- [![2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg\/330px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_220d_\$F74\$_DSC_7359.jpg \"2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)\")\n  2 Series Gran Coupé ([F74](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\"))\n- [![2 Series (G42)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg\/500px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg \"2 Series (G42)\")\n  2 Series ([G42](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$G42\$ \"BMW 2 Series (G42)\"))\n- [![3 Series (G20)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg\/500px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg \"3 Series (G20)\")\n  3 Series ([G20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\"))\n- [![4 Series (G22)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg\/500px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg \"4 Series (G22)\")\n  4 Series ([G22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\"))\n- [![5 Series (G60)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg\/500px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg \"5 Series (G60)\")\n  5 Series ([G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\"))\n- [![7 Series (G70)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg\/500px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg \"7 Series (G70)\")\n  7 Series ([G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\"))\n- [![8 Series (G15)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg\/500px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg \"8 Series (G15)\")\n  8 Series ([G15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\"))\n\nThe current model lines of the [X Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X \"BMW X\") SUVs and crossovers are:\n\n- [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1 \"BMW X1\") ([U11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$U11\$ \"BMW X1 (U11)\"))\n- [X2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2 \"BMW X2\") ([U10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2 \"BMW X2\"))\n- [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\") ([G45](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"))\n- [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5 \"BMW X5\") ([G05](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\"))\n- [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\") ([G06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\"))\n- [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\") ([G07](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7_\$G07\$ \"BMW X7 (G07)\"))\n- [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") ([G09](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM_\$G09\$ \"BMW XM (G09)\"))\n\n- [![X1 (U11)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg\/330px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg \"X1 (U11)\")\n  X1 ([U11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$U11\$ \"BMW X1 (U11)\"))\n- [![X2 (U10)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e9\/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg\/500px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg \"X2 (U10)\")\n  X2 ([U10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2 \"BMW X2\"))\n- [![X3 (G45)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/72\/BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg\/330px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg \"X3 (G45)\")\n  X3 ([G45](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"))\n- [![X5 (G05)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f1\/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg\/330px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg \"X5 (G05)\")\n  X5 ([G05](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\"))\n- [![X6 (G06)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b1\/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg\/330px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg \"X6 (G06)\")\n  X6 ([G06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\"))\n- [![X7 (G07)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg\/330px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G07_\$2022\$_1X7A6450.jpg \"X7 (G07)\")\n  X7 ([G07](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7_\$G07\$ \"BMW X7 (G07)\"))\n- [![XM (G09)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg\/330px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_XM_\$G09\$_IMG_7778.jpg \"XM (G09)\")\n  XM ([G09](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\"))\n\nThe current model line of the [Z Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\") two-door roadsters is the **Z4** (model code [G29](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\")).\n\n- [![Z4 (G29)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg\/330px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg \"Z4 (G29)\")\n  Z4 ([G29](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\"))\n\n#### i models\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: i models\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\")\n\n[All-electric vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All-electric_vehicle \"All-electric vehicle\") and [plug-in hybrid vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle \"Plug-in hybrid vehicle\") are sold under the *[BMW i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\")* sub-brand. The current model range consists of:\n\n- [i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$#BMW_i3_\$G28_BEV\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) sedan, exclusive to China\n- [i4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i4 \"BMW i4\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) liftback\n- [i5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i5 \"BMW i5\") [E-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E-segment \"E-segment\") (executive) sedan\n- [i7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i7 \"BMW i7\") [F-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-segment \"F-segment\") (full-size) sedan\n- [iX1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX1 \"BMW iX1\") [C-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C-segment \"C-segment\") (subcompact) SUV\n- [iX2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX2 \"BMW iX2\") [C-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C-segment \"C-segment\") (subcompact) SUV\n- [iX3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX3_\$NA5\$ \"BMW iX3 (NA5)\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) SUV\n- [iX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX \"BMW iX\") [E-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E-segment \"E-segment\") (mid-size) SUV\n\n- [![i3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0f\/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg\/500px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i3_\$G28\$_China_\$2\$_\$cropped\$.jpg \"i3\")\n  [i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$#BMW_i3_\$G28_BEV\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\")\n- [![i4](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg\/500px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg \"i4\")\n  [i4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i4 \"BMW i4\")\n- [![i5](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg\/500px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg \"i5\")\n  [i5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i5 \"BMW i5\")\n- [![i7](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg\/330px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg \"i7\")\n  [i7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i7 \"BMW i7\")\n- [![iX1](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg\/500px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg \"iX1\")\n  [iX1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX1 \"BMW iX1\")\n- [![iX2](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg\/330px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg \"iX2\")\n  [iX2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX2 \"BMW iX2\")\n- [![iX3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg\/330px-BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg \"iX3\")\n  [iX3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX3_\$NA5\$ \"BMW iX3 (NA5)\")\n- [![iX](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg\/500px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg \"iX\")\n  [iX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX \"BMW iX\")\n\nIn addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as *iPerformance* models. Examples include the [225xe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the [330e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$F30\$#330e_iPerformance \"BMW 3 Series (F30)\")\/[530e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#Powertrain \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\") using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-68)[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:1-69) and the [550e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#Specifications \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")\/[750e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$#Specifications \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\") using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:1-69)[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-70) Also, [crossover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crossover_\$automobile\$ \"Crossover (automobile)\") and [SUV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SUV \"SUV\") plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: [X1 xDrive25e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_xDrive25e \"BMW X1 xDrive25e\"), [X2 xDrive25e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2_xDrive25e \"BMW X2 xDrive25e\"), [X3 xDrive30e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3_xDrive30e \"BMW X3 xDrive30e\"), and [X5 xDrive40e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_xDrive40e \"BMW X5 xDrive40e\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-71)\n\n#### M models\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: M models\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\")\n\nThe *BMW M GmbH* subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978.\n\nAs of November 2024[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit), the M lineup is:[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-72)\\[*[failed verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")*\\]\n\n- [M2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M2 \"BMW M2\") two-door coupe\n- [M3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M3 \"BMW M3\") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon\n- [M4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M4 \"BMW M4\") two-door coupe\/convertible\n- [M5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M5 \"BMW M5\") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon\n- [M8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M8 \"BMW M8\") two-door coupe\/convertible and four-door sedan\n- [X5 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\") mid-size SUV[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-73)\n- [X6 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\") mid-size coupe SUV[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-74)\n- [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") Large SUV[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-75)\n\n- [![M2](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg\/330px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg \"M2\")\n  [M2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M2 \"BMW M2\")\n- [![M3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/39\/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg\/500px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg \"M3\")\n  [M3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M3 \"BMW M3\")\n- [![M4](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg\/500px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M4_\$G82\$_IMG_4183.jpg \"M4\")\n  [M4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M4 \"BMW M4\")\n- [![M5](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d5\/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg\/330px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg \"M5\")\n  [M5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M5 \"BMW M5\")\n- [![M8](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bd\/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg\/500px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg \"M8\")\n  [M8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M8 \"BMW M8\")\n- [![X5 M](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg\/330px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_X5_M_\$G05\$_IMG_3370.jpg \"X5 M\")\n  [X5 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\")\n- [![X6 M](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/98\/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg\/330px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_X6_M_Competition_\$G06\$_IMG_3572.jpg \"X6 M\")\n  [X6 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\")\n\nThe letter \"M\" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the [F20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F20\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F20)\") M140i model, the [G11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G11\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G11)\") M760Li model and various optional extras called \"M Sport\", \"M Performance\" or similar.\n\n### Naming convention for models\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Naming convention for models\")\\]\n\nMain article: [List of BMW vehicles § Nomenclature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Nomenclature \"List of BMW vehicles\")\n\n## Motorsport\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Motorsport\")\\]\n\nFurther information: [BMW in motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_motorsport \"BMW in motorsport\")\n\nSee also: [BMW M Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M_Motorsport \"BMW M Motorsport\")\n\nBMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:\n\n- [Touring cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Touring_cars \"Touring cars\"), such as [DTM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Meisterschaft \"Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft\"), [WTCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Touring_Car_Championship \"World Touring Car Championship\"), [ETCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Touring_Car_Championship \"European Touring Car Championship\") and [BTCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Touring_Car_Championship \"British Touring Car Championship\")\n- [Formula One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_Formula_One \"BMW in Formula One\")\n- Endurance racing, such as [24 Hours Nürburgring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgring \"24 Hours Nürburgring\"), [24 Hours of Le Mans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans \"24 Hours of Le Mans\"), [24 Hours of Daytona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_of_Daytona \"24 Hours of Daytona\") and [Spa 24 Hours](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spa_24_Hours \"Spa 24 Hours\")\n- [Isle of Man TT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isle_of_Man_TT \"Isle of Man TT\")\n- [Dakar Rally](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakar_Rally \"Dakar Rally\")\n- [American Le Mans Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Le_Mans_Series \"American Le Mans Series\")\n- [IMSA SportsCar Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship \"IMSA SportsCar Championship\")\n- [Formula BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_BMW \"Formula BMW\"), a junior racing [Formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_racing \"Formula racing\") category\n- [Formula Two](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_Two \"Formula Two\")\n- [Formula E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_E \"Formula E\")\n- [Superbike World Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superbike_World_Championship \"Superbike World Championship\")\n\n- [![2016 BMW M4 DTM](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg\/330px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:16_Timo_Glock_\$27860673816\$.jpg \"2016 BMW M4 DTM\")\n  2016 [BMW M4 DTM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M4_DTM \"BMW M4 DTM\")\n- [![2016 BMW M6 GT3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg\/330px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg \"2016 BMW M6 GT3\")\n  2016 [BMW M6 GT3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M6_GT3 \"BMW M6 GT3\")\n- [![2016 BMW S1000RR](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg\/330px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg \"2016 BMW S1000RR\")\n  2016 [BMW S1000RR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_S1000RR \"BMW S1000RR\")\n- [![2007 BMW Sauber F1.07](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg\/500px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg \"2007 BMW Sauber F1.07\")\n  2007 [BMW Sauber F1.07](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Sauber_F1.07 \"BMW Sauber F1.07\")\n\n## Involvement in the arts\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: Involvement in the arts\")\\]\n\n### Architecture\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: Architecture\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG\/250px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_02.JPG)\n\nBMW Headquarters\n\nThe global [BMW Headquarters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a [four-cylinder engine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straight-four_engine \"Straight-four engine\"). It was designed by [Karl Schwanzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schwanzer \"Karl Schwanzer\") and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower.\n\n[BMW Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Museum \"BMW Museum\") is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-77) The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.\n\n[BMW Welt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Welt \"BMW Welt\"), the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by [Coop Himmelb(l)au](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coop_Himmelb\$l\$au \"Coop Himmelb(l)au\") and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-78)\n\n- [![BMW Museum](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg\/250px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg \"BMW Museum\")\n  BMW Museum\n- [![BMW Welt](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg\/330px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Welt,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania,_2013-04-22,_DD_03.jpg \"BMW Welt\")\n  BMW Welt\n\n### Art Cars\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: Art Cars\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW Art Car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Art_Car \"BMW Art Car\")\n\nIn 1975, sculptor [Alexander Calder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Calder \"Alexander Calder\") was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [Hervé Poulain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herv%C3%A9_Poulain \"Hervé Poulain\") at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [David Hockney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Hockney \"David Hockney\"), [Jenny Holzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Holzer \"Jenny Holzer\"), [Roy Lichtenstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roy_Lichtenstein \"Roy Lichtenstein\"), [Robert Rauschenberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Rauschenberg \"Robert Rauschenberg\"), [Frank Stella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Stella \"Frank Stella\"), and [Andy Warhol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Warhol \"Andy Warhol\").[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.\n\n- [![1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Calder_CSL.jpg\/330px-Calder_CSL.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Calder_CSL.jpg \"1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder\")\n  1975 [3\\.0 CSL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3.0_CSL \"BMW 3.0 CSL\") Art Car by Alexander Calder\n- [![1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/BMW_M1.jpg\/250px-BMW_M1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M1.jpg \"1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol\")\n  1979 [M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\") Art Car by Andy Warhol\n\n### Visual arts\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: Visual arts\")\\]\n\nBMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with [Art Basel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Basel \"Art Basel\"), and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-79)[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-80)\n\nBMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 *[The Art of the Motorcycle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Art_of_the_Motorcycle \"The Art of the Motorcycle\")* exhibition at various [Guggenheim museums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Guggenheim_Museums \"List of Guggenheim Museums\"), though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-81)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-82)\n\nIn 2012, BMW began sponsoring [Independent Collectors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_Collectors \"Independent Collectors\") production of the *BMW Art Guide*, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-83) The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Borowik_Collection-84)\n\n## Production and sales\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: Production and sales\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/67\/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg\/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)\n\n[Spot welding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spot_welding \"Spot welding\") 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany\n\nBMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:\n\n- Germany: Munich, [Dingolfing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing \"BMW Group Plant Dingolfing\"), Regensburg and Leipzig\n- United States: [Spartanburg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_the_United_States#Spartanburg_manufacturing_plant \"BMW in the United States\")[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-85)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-86)\n- Mexico: San Luis Potosí[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-87)\n- China: [Shenyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shenyang \"Shenyang\")\n- South Africa: Rosslyn\n\nBMW also has local assembly operation using [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-88)\n\nIn the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-89)\n\nThe BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-90)[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.\n\nBy 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-92) On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-alcl1-93)\n\nAnnual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91)\n\n| Year | BMW | MINI | Rolls-Royce | Motorcycle\\* |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 2005 | 1,122,308 | 200,119 | 692 | 92,013 |\n| 2006 | 1,179,317 | 186,674 | 847 | 103,759 |\n| 2007 | 1,302,774 | 237,700 | 1,029 | 104,396 |\n| 2008 | 1,203,482 | 235,019 | 1,417 | 118,452 |\n| 2009 | 1,043,829 | 213,670 | 918 | 93,243 |\n| 2010 | 1,236,989 | 241,043 | 3,221 | 112,271 |\n| 2011 | 1,440,315 | 294,120 | 3,725 | 110,360 |\n| 2012 | 1,547,057 | 311,490 | 3,279 | 113,811 |\n| 2013 | 1,699,835 | 303,177 | 3,354 | 110,127 |\n| 2014 | 1,838,268 | 322,803 | 4,495 | 133,615 |\n| 2015 | 1,933,647 | 342,008 | 3,848 | 151,004 |\n| 2016 | 2,002,997 | 352,580 | 4,179 | 145,555 |\n| 2017 | 2,123,947 | 378,486 | 3,308 | 185,682 |\n| 2018 | 2,168,496 | 368,685 | 4,353 | 162,687 |\n| 2019 | 2,205,841 | 352,729 | 5,455 | 187,116 |\n| 2020 | 1,980,740 | 271,121 | 3,776 | 168,104 |\n| 2021 | 2,166,644 | 288,713 | 5,912 | 187,500 |\n| 2022 | 2,089,801 | 286,265 | 6,239 | 215,932 |\n| 2023 | 2,340,547 | 315,196 | 6,179 | 221,988 |\n\nAnnual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports:\n\n| Year | BMW | MINI | Rolls-Royce | Motorcycle\\* |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 1972 | 182,858 |   |   |   |\n| 1973 | 197,446 |   |   |   |\n| 1974 | 184,330 |   |   |   |\n| 1975 | 226,688 |   |   |   |\n| 1976 | 275,596 |   |   |   |\n| 1977 | 288,260 |   |   |   |\n| 1978 | 321,196 |   |   |   |\n| 1979 | 335,132 |   |   |   |\n| 1980 | 339,232 |   |   |   |\n| 1981 | 348,946 |   |   |   |\n| 1982 | 377,684 |   |   |   |\n| 1983 | 422,500 |   |   |   |\n| 1984 | 434,300 |   |   |   |\n| 1985 | 440,700 |   |   |   |\n| 1986 | 446,100 |   |   |   |\n| 1987 | 459,500 |   |   |   |\n| 1988 | 495,800 |   |   |   |\n| 1989 | 523,000 |   |   |   |\n| 1990 | 525,900 |   |   |   |\n| 1991 | 552,700 |   |   |   |\n| 1992 | 582,493 |   |   |   |\n| 1993 | 534,397 |   |   |   |\n| 1994 | 573,000 |   |   |   |\n| 1995 | 595,000 |   |   |   |\n| 1996 | 644,107 |   |   |   |\n| 1997 | 675,076 |   |   |   |\n| 1998 | 699,378 |   |   |   |\n| 1999 | 751,272 |   |   |   |\n| 2000 | 822,181 |   |   |   |\n| 2001 | 880,677 |   |   |   |\n| 2002 | 913,225 |   |   |   |\n| 2003 | 928,000 |   |   |   |\n| 2004 | 1,023,583 |   |   |   |\n| 2005 | 1,126,798 | 200,428 | 797 | 97,474 |\n| 2006 | 1,185,088 | 188,077 | 805 | 100,064 |\n| 2007 | 1,276,793 | 222,875 | 1,010 | 102,467 |\n| 2008 | 1,202,239 | 232,425 | 1,212 | 115,196 |\n| 2009 | 1,068,770 | 216,538 | 1,002 | 100,358 |\n| 2010 | 1,224,280 | 234,175 | 2,711 | 110,113 |\n| 2011 | 1,380,384 | 285,060 | 3,538 | 113,572 |\n| 2012 | 1,540,085 | 301,525 | 3,575 | 117,109 |\n| 2013 | 1,655,138 | 305,030 | 3,630 | 115,215\\*\\* |\n| 2014 | 1,811,719 | 302,183 | 4,063 | 123,495 |\n| 2015 | 1,905,234 | 338,466 | 3,785 | 136,963 |\n| 2016 | 2,003,359 | 360,233 | 4,011 | 145,032 |\n| 2017 | 2,088,283 | 371,881 | 3,362 | 164,153 |\n| 2018 | 2,114,963 | 364,135 | 4,194 | 165,566 |\n| 2019 | 2,185,793 | 347,474 | 5,100 | 175,162 |\n| 2020 | 2,028,841 | 292,582 | 3,756 | 169,272 |\n| 2021 | 2,213,379 | 302,138 | 5,586 | 194,261 |\n| 2022 | 2,100,689 | 292,922 | 6,021 | 202,895 |\n| 2023 | 2,225,793 | 295,358 | 6,032 | 209,066 |\n\n\\* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include [Husqvarna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Husqvarna_Motorcycles \"Husqvarna Motorcycles\") models.  \n \\*\\* Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.\n\n## Recalls\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=22 \"Edit section: Recalls\")\\]\n\nIn November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-94)\n\nIn 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-95) Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-96) This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-97) leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-98)\n\n## Industry collaboration\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=23 \"Edit section: Industry collaboration\")\\]\n\nBMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:\n\n- [McLaren Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McLaren_Automotive \"McLaren Automotive\"): BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the [McLaren F1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McLaren_F1 \"McLaren F1\").[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-99)[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-100)\n- [Groupe PSA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groupe_PSA \"Groupe PSA\") (predecessor to [Stellantis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stellantis \"Stellantis\")): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-101)\n- [Daimler Benz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daimler_Benz \"Daimler Benz\"): Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the [ActiveHybrid 7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$#ActiveHybrid_7_\$F04\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\").[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-102)[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-103) Development of automated driving technology.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-104)\n- [Toyota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toyota \"Toyota\"): Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop [fuel cell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuel_cell \"Fuel cell\") technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 [BMW Z4 (G29)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\") and [Toyota Supra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toyota_Supra \"Toyota Supra\")) and research [lithium-air batteries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery \"Lithium–air battery\").[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-106)[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-107)\n- [Audi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audi \"Audi\") and [Mercedes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz \"Mercedes-Benz\"): Joint purchase of Nokia's [Here WeGo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Here_WeGo \"Here WeGo\") (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-108)\n- In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-109)\n\n## Sponsorships\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=24 \"Edit section: Sponsorships\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6d\/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg\/250px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)\n\nBMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics\n\nBMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the [United States Olympic Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Olympic_Committee \"United States Olympic Committee\") in July 2010.[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-110)[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-111)\n\nIn golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-112) including the [PGA Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_PGA_Championship \"BMW PGA Championship\") since 2007,[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-113)[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-114) the [Italian Open](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Open_\$golf\$ \"Italian Open (golf)\") from 2009 to 2012, the [BMW Masters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Masters \"BMW Masters\") in China from 2012 to 2015[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-116) and the [BMW International Open](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_International_Open \"BMW International Open\") in Munich since 1989.[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-117)\n\nIn [rugby](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rugby_football \"Rugby football\"), BMW sponsored the [South Africa national rugby union team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team \"South Africa national rugby union team\") from 2011 to 2015.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-118)[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-119)\n\n## Car-sharing services\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=25 \"Edit section: Car-sharing services\")\\]\n\n[DriveNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DriveNow \"DriveNow\") was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-120) DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-121)\n\nIn 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-122)[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-123)\n\nThe [ReachNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ReachNow \"ReachNow\") car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-124) ReachNow currently operates in [Seattle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle,_Washington \"Seattle, Washington\"), [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portland,_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") and [Brooklyn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brooklyn,_New_York \"Brooklyn, New York\").\n\nIn 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car [subscription service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subscription_service \"Subscription service\") for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in [Nashville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nashville \"Nashville\"), Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was \"suspended\".[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-125)\n\n## Overseas subsidiaries\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=26 \"Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries\")\\]\n\n### Production facilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=27 \"Edit section: Production facilities\")\\]\n\n#### China\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=28 \"Edit section: China\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW Brilliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Brilliance \"BMW Brilliance\")\n\nThe first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and [Brilliance Auto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brilliance_Auto \"Brilliance Auto\").[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-126)[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-127) The plant was opened in the [Shenyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shenyang \"Shenyang\") industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw_sub-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-129) In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-130)\n\nBetween January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-131)\n\nOn 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:0-53)\n\nIn February 2022, BMW invested an additional \\$4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-132)\n\nIn June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-133) The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US\\$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor [Olaf Scholz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olaf_Scholz \"Olaf Scholz\")'s visit to China.[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-134)\n\n#### Hungary\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=29 \"Edit section: Hungary\")\\]\n\nOn 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near [Debrecen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Debrecen \"Debrecen\"), will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-135)\n\n#### Mexico\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=30 \"Edit section: Mexico\")\\]\n\nIn July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of [San Luis Potosí](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD \"San Luis Potosí\") involving an investment of \\$1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-MexicoBMW-136)\n\n#### Netherlands\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=31 \"Edit section: Netherlands\")\\]\n\nThe Mini Convertible, [Mini Countryman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\") and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the [VDL Nedcar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VDL_Nedcar \"VDL Nedcar\") factory in [Born](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Born,_Netherlands \"Born, Netherlands\") up until its closure on February 16, 2024.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-137)[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-138)[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-139) The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-140) Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-141)\n\n#### South Africa\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=32 \"Edit section: South Africa\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_South_Africa \"BMW South Africa\")\n\nBMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-142) when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in [Rosslyn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosslyn,_Gauteng \"Rosslyn, Gauteng\"), near [Pretoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pretoria \"Pretoria\"). BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became *BMW South Africa*, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as [Ford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") and [GM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors \"General Motors\"), which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.\n\nFollowing the end of [apartheid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid \"Apartheid\") in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to [right hand drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right_hand_drive \"Right hand drive\") markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as [Sub-Saharan Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sub-Saharan_Africa \"Sub-Saharan Africa\"). Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in [left-hand drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Left-hand_drive \"Left-hand drive\") for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.\n\nThree unique models that [BMW Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorsport \"BMW Motorsport\") created for the South African market were the [E23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E23 \"BMW E23\") M745i (1983), which used the [M88](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M88 \"BMW M88\") engine from the [BMW M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\"), the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre [M30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M30 \"BMW M30\") engine to the [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E30 \"BMW E30\"),[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-143) and the [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E30)\") BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\")\\-derived 2.7-litre engine.\n\nThe plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is \"N\".[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-144)\n\n#### United States\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=33 \"Edit section: United States\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_the_United_States \"BMW in the United States\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg\/250px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)\n\nBMW Zentrum museum in [Spartanburg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spartanburg_County \"Spartanburg County\"), South Carolina\n\nBMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-145) and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-146) The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-147) In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-148)\n\nThe manufacturing plant in [Greer, South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greer,_South_Carolina \"Greer, South Carolina\") has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-roundel201504-149) currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-BMWfactory-150) The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"), [X4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X4 \"BMW X4\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5 \"BMW X5\"), [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\"), [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\") and [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") SUV models.\n\nIn addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.\n\n### Complete knock-down assembly facilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=34 \"Edit section: Complete knock-down assembly facilities\")\\]\n\n#### Brazil\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=35 \"Edit section: Brazil\")\\]\n\nOn 9 October 2014, BMW's new [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Araquari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Araquari \"Araquari\"), assembled its first car— an [F30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F30 \"BMW F30\") 3 Series.[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-151)[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-152)\n\nThe cars assembled at Araquari are the [F20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F20 \"BMW F20\") 1 Series, [F30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F30 \"BMW F30\") 3 Series, [F48](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F48 \"BMW F48\") X1, [F25](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F25 \"BMW F25\") X3 and Mini Countryman.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)\n\n#### Egypt\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=36 \"Edit section: Egypt\")\\]\n\n[Bavarian Auto Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bavarian_Auto_Group \"Bavarian Auto Group\") became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003.\n\nSince 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") components at the BMW plant in Cairo.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)\n\n#### India\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=37 \"Edit section: India\")\\]\n\nMain article: [BMW India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_India \"BMW India\")\n\nBMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in [Gurugram](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gurugram \"Gurugram\").\n\nA BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in [Chennai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chennai \"Chennai\") in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-154) The 20 Million [Euro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro \"Euro\") plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year.\n\n#### Indonesia\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=38 \"Edit section: Indonesia\")\\]\n\nPT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in [Central Jakarta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Jakarta \"Central Jakarta\"). It was managed by [PT. Astra International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astra_International \"Astra International\").\n\n10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion [Indonesian rupiah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_rupiah \"Indonesian rupiah\") to expand its production, by establish the [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Gaya Motor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astra_International \"Astra International\")'s production facility in [Sunter, Jakarta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunter,_Jakarta \"Sunter, Jakarta\"). the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market [2 Series (gran coupé)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\"), [3 Series (sedan)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\"), [5 Series (sedan)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G30\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G30)\"), [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\"), [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$U11\$ \"BMW X1 (U11)\"), [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3_\$G01\$ \"BMW X3 (G01)\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\"), [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\"), and [Mini Countryman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\").\n\n#### Malaysia\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=39 \"Edit section: Malaysia\")\\]\n\nBMW's [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Kedah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kedah \"Kedah\"). Assembled Malaysia-market [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F20\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F20)\"), [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$F30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (F30)\"), [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\"), [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G11\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G11)\"), [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$F48\$ \"BMW X1 (F48)\"), [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"), [X4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X4_\$F26\$ \"BMW X4 (F26)\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$F15\$ \"BMW X5 (F15)\"), [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\") and Mini Countryman since 2008.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-155)\n\n#### Russia\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=40 \"Edit section: Russia\")\\]\n\nRussian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in [Kaliningrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaliningrad \"Kaliningrad\") beginning in 1999.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-156) In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine\").[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-157)\n\n#### Uruguay\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=41 \"Edit section: Uruguay\")\\]\n\nIn Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the [1600](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1600 \"BMW 1600\"), [2002](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2002 \"BMW 2002\"), [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") and [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\"), totalling 12,000 units.[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-158)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-159)\n\n### Vehicle importers\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=42 \"Edit section: Vehicle importers\")\\]\n\n#### Canada\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=43 \"Edit section: Canada\")\\]\n\nBMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa \"Ottawa\"), was opened in 1969.[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-160) In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-161)\n\nBMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-162)\n\n#### Japan\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=44 \"Edit section: Japan\")\\]\n\nBMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-163)\n\n#### Philippines\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=45 \"Edit section: Philippines\")\\]\n\nBMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of [San Miguel Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Miguel_Corporation \"San Miguel Corporation\"), is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-164)\n\nBMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-165)\n\n#### Korea\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=46 \"Edit section: Korea\")\\]\n\nBMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near [Incheon International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incheon_International_Airport \"Incheon International Airport\").[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-166)\n\n#### Singapore\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=47 \"Edit section: Singapore\")\\]\n\nBMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-167)\n\n## Criticism\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=48 \"Edit section: Criticism\")\\]\n\nBMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for [Apple Car Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Car_Play \"Apple Car Play\"). After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-168)[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-169) In 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners \\$18 a month to use heated seats.[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-170) They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.[\\[171\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-171)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=49 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Flag_of_Germany.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png)[Germany portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Germany \"Portal:Germany\")\n\n- [BMW Group Classic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Group_Classic \"BMW Group Classic\")\n- [List of BMW engines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_engines \"List of BMW engines\")\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=50 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-1)**\n   Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [*The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. p. 10. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-7603-5017-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1\")\n   \n   .\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-5)\n   [\"BMW Group Report 2023\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/report\/2023\/downloads\/BMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf) (PDF). BMW AG. pp. 328–329. Retrieved 2 September 2024.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/bmw-shares.html). *www.bmwgroup.com*. Retrieved 11 July 2023.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html_4-0)**  Cite error: The named reference `<https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html>` was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Cite_errors\/Cite_error_references_no_text \"Help:Cite errors\/Cite error references no text\")).\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft\"](https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/de\/D2601V_HRB42243). *[OpenCorporates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenCorporates \"OpenCorporates\")*. 12 December 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2025.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lewin2016_6-0)**\n   Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [*The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. pp. 9–10\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-7603-5017-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1\")\n   \n   .\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-History_7-0)**\n   [\"History\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/company\/history.html). *BMW AG*. Retrieved 10 August 2021.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer\"](https:\/\/www.factorywarrantylist.com\/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html). F\\&I Tools USA. 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller\"](https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/30723\/umfrage\/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller\/). *Statista*.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-10)**\n    [\"The Global 2000 2023\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240129031905\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). *Forbes*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born\"](https:\/\/nos.nl\/artikel\/2352434-tegenslag-voor-nedcar-bmw-stopt-in-2023-met-de-productie-in-born). *nos.nl*. 15 October 2020.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-1)\n    [\"Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years\"](https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/horsepower-under-the-hood-and-skeletons-in-the-closet-bmw-celebrates-100-years\/a-19095189). *Deutsche Welle*. 2016.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era\"](https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/auto\/miscellaneous\/bmw-mercedes-pivot-from-enemies-to-partners-in-new-auto-era\/articleshow\/67176867.cms). *The Times of India*. 20 December 2018. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0971-8257](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0971-8257). Retrieved 17 December 2024.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW\"](https:\/\/www.motor1.com\/news\/699865\/mercedes-owned-audi-almost-bought-bmw\/). *Motor1.com*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"BMW and the Holocaust\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221231192214\/https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/bmw-and-the-holocaust). *Jewish Virtual Library*. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/bmw-and-the-holocaust) on 31 December 2022.\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-1)\n    [\"Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221230130131\/https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/varta-battery-factories). *Jewish Virtual Library*. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/varta-battery-factories) on 30 December 2022.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-17)** [\"BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich\"](https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/germany\/breaking-the-silence-bmw-s-quandt-family-to-investigate-wealth-amassed-in-third-reich-a-511193.html). *Der Spiegel*. 2007.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-18)** [\"BMW 2002 turbo\"](https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3826800). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230425132944\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3826800) 25 April 2023 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-19)** [\"BMW 1602 Elektro\"](https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3921907). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220428080131\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3921907) 28 April 2022 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-20)**\n    Digitale, Usine (28 March 2018). [\"BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité\"](https:\/\/www.usine-digitale.fr\/article\/bmw-et-daimler-regroupent-leurs-services-mobilites.N673254). *usine digitale*.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG\"](https:\/\/www.press.bmwgroup.com\/global\/article\/detail\/T0298910EN\/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en). *press bmw group*.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7). *Reuters*. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-1)\n    Haider, Martin (30 June 2020). [\"Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group\"](https:\/\/ojs.mtak.hu\/index.php\/hungeobull\/article\/view\/3209). *Hungarian Geographical Bulletin*. **69** (2): 119–135\\. [Bibcode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_\$identifier\$ \"Bibcode (identifier)\"):[2020HuGBu..69..119H](https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2020HuGBu..69..119H). [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.15201\/hungeobull.69.2.3](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15201%2Fhungeobull.69.2.3).\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-24)**\n    Kukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (7 July 2021). [\"The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader\"](https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JBS-02-2020-0021\/full\/html). *Journal of Business Strategy*. **42** (4): 268–277\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1108\/JBS-02-2020-0021](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108%2FJBS-02-2020-0021). [hdl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_\$identifier\$ \"Hdl (identifier)\"):[10256\/19355](https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10256%2F19355). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0275-6668](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0275-6668).\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-1)\n    Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). [\"BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li\"](https:\/\/www.roadandtrack.com\/news\/a38803898\/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12\/). *Road & Track*. Hearst Communications.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-26)**\n    Sergeev, Angel (5 October 2023). [\"Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss\"](https:\/\/www.motor1.com\/news\/690049\/rolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement\/). *motor1*. Retrieved 5 October 2023.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-27)**\n    Kharpal, Arjun (10 September 2025). [\"Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers\"](https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2025\/09\/10\/qualcomm-bmw-launch-driverless-tech-ceo-says-other-carmakers-next.html). *CNBC*. Retrieved 9 December 2025.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"Growth in EU private R\\&D investment slows \\| Science\\|Business\"](https:\/\/sciencebusiness.net\/news\/eu-budget\/growth-eu-private-rd-investment-slows). *sciencebusiness.net*. Retrieved 1 April 2026.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-29)**\n    Hans List: *Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine*, Springer, Wien, 1949.\n    \n    [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9783662294888](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783662294888 \"Special:BookSources\/9783662294888\")\n    \n    . *Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen*\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-30)**\n    Roland Löwisch: *BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar*. HEEL, 2016,\n    \n    [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9783958434066](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783958434066 \"Special:BookSources\/9783958434066\")\n    \n    . p 7.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"BMW 1970s brochure for the United States\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180114021349\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/media\/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417\/web). *www.bmw-grouparchiv.de*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/media\/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417\/web) on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-32)**\n    [*Bee em \/ BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc*](http:\/\/catalogue.nla.gov.au\/Record\/3913069). [National Library of Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Library_of_Australia \"National Library of Australia\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110728125152\/http:\/\/catalogue.nla.gov.au\/Record\/3913069) from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2009.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"No Toupees allowed\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091006040514\/http:\/\/www.bangkokpost.com\/auto\/autoreview\/24915\/no-toupees-allowed). *[Bangkok Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangkok_Post \"Bangkok Post\")*. 2 October 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.bangkokpost.com\/auto\/autoreview\/24915\/no-toupees-allowed) on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter1_34-0)**\n    Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [*Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/126). Vol. 1. Random House. pp. [126–27](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/126). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-394-54427-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4\")\n    \n    . \"**Beemer** *n.* \\[BMW + ''er''\\] a BMW automobile. Also **Beamer.**\"\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter2_35-0)**\n    Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [*Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/159). Vol. 1. Random House. p. [159](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/159). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-394-54427-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4\")\n    \n    . \"**Bimmer** *n.* Beemer.\"\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-36)** **1982** S. Black *Totally Awesome* 83 BMW (\"Beemer\").  \n    **1985** *L.A. Times* (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.  \n    **1989** L. Roberts *Full Cleveland* 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.  \n    **1990** *Hull High* (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.  \n     **1991** *Cathy* (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... \\[ground\\] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer\\!  \n    **1992** *Time* (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.\n37. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-2)\n    [\"The BMW Logo – meaning and history\"](https:\/\/www.bmw.com\/en\/automotive-life\/bmw-logo-meaning-history1.html). BMW. Retrieved 20 August 2021.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-38)**\n    BMW (5 June 2010). 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Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n169. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-169)**\n     Estrada, Zac (16 January 2018). [\"Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2018\/1\/16\/16897326\/bmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n170. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-170)**\n     Vincent, James (12 July 2022). [\"BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for \\$18 a month\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2022\/7\/12\/23204950\/bmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n171. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-171)**\n     Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023). [\"BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/9\/7\/23863258\/bmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n\n## Further reading\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=51 \"Edit section: Further reading\")\\]\n\n- Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006). *Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916* \\[*The BMW Company since 1916*\\] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3932169468](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3932169468 \"Special:BookSources\/3932169468\")\n  \n  .\n- Hodges, David (2000). *BMW*. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [0750921447](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0750921447 \"Special:BookSources\/0750921447\")\n  \n  .\n- Kiley, David (2004). [*Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0\/mode\/2up). John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-0-471-26920-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-26920-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-26920-5\")\n  \n  .\n- Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). *BMW: Typen und Geschichte* \\[*BMW: Types and History*\\] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3768814203](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3768814203 \"Special:BookSources\/3768814203\")\n  \n  .\n- Lewin, Tony (2022). *BMW Century* (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9780760373774](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780760373774 \"Special:BookSources\/9780760373774\")\n  \n  .\n- Noakes, Andrew (2010). *The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo*. Bath: Parragon Books. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9781407549781](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781407549781 \"Special:BookSources\/9781407549781\")\n  \n  .\n- [Schrader, Halwart](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halwart_Schrader \"de:Halwart Schrader\") \\[in German\\] (2011). *BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion* \\[*BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection*\\] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9783613033788](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783613033788 \"Special:BookSources\/9783613033788\")\n  \n  .\n- ———————— (2016). *BMW: Von 1981 bis heute* \\[*BMW: From 1981 to today*\\]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9783613038721](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783613038721 \"Special:BookSources\/9783613038721\")\n  \n  .\n- Werner, Constanze (2006). *Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW* \\[*War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW*\\] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3486577921](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3486577921 \"Special:BookSources\/3486577921\")\n  \n  .\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=52 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [BMW](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BMW \"commons:Category:BMW\").\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.bmw.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q26678#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\")\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW \"Template:BMW\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW \"Template talk:BMW\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW\")[BMW]() |   |\n|---|---|\n| Current brands | [BMW]() [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\") [BMW i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\") [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") [Mini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\") [Rolls-Royce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\") [Zinoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zinoro \"Zinoro\") [Riley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riley_Motor \"Riley Motor\") (inactive) [Triumph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triumph_Motor_Company \"Triumph Motor Company\") (inactive) |\n| Previous brands | [Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\") [Automobilwerk Eisenach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") [BMW Marine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Marine \"BMW Marine\") [Dixi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Dixi \"BMW Dixi\") [Glas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_\$company\$ \"Glas (company)\") [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik \"Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik\") [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Husqvarna_Motorcycles \"Husqvarna Motorcycles\") [Rover Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rover_Group \"Rover Group\") [Standard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Motor_Company#BMW \"Standard Motor Company\") |\n| Divisions and subsidiaries | [BMW Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Bank \"BMW Bank\") [BMW M Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M_Motorsport \"BMW M Motorsport\") [BMW in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_the_United_States \"BMW in the United States\") [BMW Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Mexico \"BMW Mexico\") [BMW South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_South_Africa \"BMW South Africa\") [BMW Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Manufacturing_\$Thailand\$ \"BMW Manufacturing (Thailand)\") [BMW India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_India \"BMW India\") [Designworks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Designworks \"Designworks\") |\n| Joint ventures | [BMW Brilliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Brilliance \"BMW Brilliance\") (75%) [Zinoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zinoro \"Zinoro\") [Spotlight Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spotlight_Automotive \"Spotlight Automotive\") (50%) [Here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Here_Technologies \"Here Technologies\") [Share Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Share_Now \"Share Now\") |\n| Vehicles | [List of BMW vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_vehicles \"List of BMW vehicles\") [List of Rolls-Royce motor cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars \"List of Rolls-Royce motor cars\") |\n| Technologies | [BMW Assist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Assist \"BMW Assist\") [ConnectedDrive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ConnectedDrive \"ConnectedDrive\") [iDrive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IDrive \"IDrive\") [Valvetronic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valvetronic \"Valvetronic\") [VANOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VANOS \"VANOS\") [xDrive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_xDrive \"BMW xDrive\") |\n| Motorsport | [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\") [BMW in motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_motorsport \"BMW in motorsport\") [BMW in Formula One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_Formula_One \"BMW in Formula One\") [BMW M1 Procar Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1_Procar_Championship \"BMW M1 Procar Championship\") [Kumho BMW Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kumho_BMW_Championship \"Kumho BMW Championship\") [Team RMG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Team_RMG \"Team RMG\") [Team Schnitzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schnitzer_Motorsport \"Schnitzer Motorsport\") [Team RBM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racing_Bart_Mampaey \"Racing Bart Mampaey\") [Team MTEK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Team_MTEK \"Team MTEK\") [Team RLL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rahal_Letterman_Lanigan_Racing \"Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing\") [Team Schubert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schubert_Motorsport \"Schubert Motorsport\") [Turner Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turner_Motorsport \"Turner Motorsport\") |\n| Buildings | [BMW Headquarters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") [BMW Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Museum \"BMW Museum\") [BMW Welt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Welt \"BMW Welt\") [BMW Group Plant Dingolfing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing \"BMW Group Plant Dingolfing\") [BMW Central Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Central_Building \"BMW Central Building\") [BMW FIZ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_FIZ \"BMW FIZ\") |\n| Other | [History of BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW \"History of BMW\") [History of BMW motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles \"History of BMW motorcycles\") [BMW Art Car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Art_Car \"BMW Art Car\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BMW \"Category:BMW\") |   |\n\n| BMW navigational boxes |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_series \"Template:BMW series\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_series \"Template talk:BMW series\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_series \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW series\")[BMW]() automobile series and sub brands |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Series | [1 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series \"BMW 1 Series\") [2 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series \"BMW 2 Series\") [3 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") [4 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\") [5 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") [6 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\") [7 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") [8 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Model families | [X models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X \"BMW X\") [Z models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\") [GT models](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_GT \"BMW GT\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Sub brands | [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\") [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") [BMW i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_motorcycles \"Template:BMW motorcycles\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_motorcycles \"Template talk:BMW motorcycles\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_motorcycles \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW motorcycles\")[BMW motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| C series |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Petrol | [C1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_C1 \"BMW C1\") [C600 Sport & C650GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_C600_Sport_and_C650GT \"BMW C600 Sport and C650GT\") BMW C400X & C400GT |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Electric | [C evolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_C_evolution \"BMW C evolution\") [CE 02](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_CE_02 \"BMW CE 02\") [CE 04](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_CE_04 \"BMW CE 04\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| F series |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Single cylinder | [F650 Funduro, F650ST Strada, F650GS (single) & F650GS Dakar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F_series_single-cylinder \"BMW F series single-cylinder\") [F650CS Scarver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F650CS \"BMW F650CS\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Twin cylinder | [F650GS (twin), F700GS, F800GS & F800GSA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F_series_parallel-twin \"BMW F series parallel-twin\") [F750GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F750GS \"BMW F750GS\") [F850GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F850GS \"BMW F850GS\") [F800GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F800GT \"BMW F800GT\") [F800R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F800R \"BMW F800R\") [F800S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F800S \"BMW F800S\") [F800ST](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F800ST \"BMW F800ST\") [F900R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F900R \"BMW F900R\") [F900XR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_F900XR&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW F900XR (page does not exist)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| G series | [G310GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G310GS \"BMW G310GS\") [G310R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G310R \"BMW G310R\") [G310RR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_G310RR&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW G310RR (page does not exist)\") [G450X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G450X \"BMW G450X\") [BMW G650X series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G650X_series \"BMW G650X series\") [G650GS & G650 Sertão](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G650GS \"BMW G650GS\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| HP series | [HP2 Enduro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_HP2_Enduro \"BMW HP2 Enduro\") [HP2 Megamoto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_HP2_Megamoto&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW HP2 Megamoto (page does not exist)\") [HP2 Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_HP2_Sport \"BMW HP2 Sport\") [HP4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_HP4 \"BMW HP4\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| K series | [K1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1 \"BMW K1\") [K75](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K75 \"BMW K75\") [K100](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K100 \"BMW K100\") [K1100RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RT&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW K1100RT (page does not exist)\") [K1100LT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_K1100LT&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW K1100LT (page does not exist)\") [K1100RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RS&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW K1100RS (page does not exist)\") [K1200GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200GT \"BMW K1200GT\") [K1200LT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_K1200LT&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW K1200LT (page does not exist)\") [K1200R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200R \"BMW K1200R\") [K1200RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200RS \"BMW K1200RS\") [K1200S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200S \"BMW K1200S\") [K1300R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1300R \"BMW K1300R\") [K1300S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1300S \"BMW K1300S\") [K1300GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1300GT \"BMW K1300GT\") [K1600 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1600 \"BMW K1600\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| R series | [R2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R2 \"BMW R2\") [R11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R11 \"BMW R11\") [R12 (1935)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R12_and_R17 \"BMW R12 and R17\") [R12 (2024)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R12_\$2024\$ \"BMW R12 (2024)\") [R18](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R18 \"BMW R18\") [R27](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R27 \"BMW R27\") [R32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R32 \"BMW R32\") [R45](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R45 \"BMW R45\") [R51\/3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R51\/3 \"BMW R51\/3\") [R60\/2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R60\/2 \"BMW R60\/2\") [R65](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R65 \"BMW R65\") [R68](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R68 \"BMW R68\") [R69S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R69S \"BMW R69S\") [R71](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R71&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R71 (page does not exist)\") [R75](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R75 \"BMW R75\") [\/5 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_\/5_motorcycles \"BMW \/5 motorcycles\") [\/6 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_\/6_motorcycles \"BMW \/6 motorcycles\") [\/7 series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R100 \"BMW R100\") R80 [R80G\/S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R80G\/S \"BMW R80G\/S\") [R90S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R90S \"BMW R90S\") [R100RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R100 \"BMW R100\") [R100S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R100 \"BMW R100\") [R850RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R850RT \"BMW R850RT\") [R900RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200RT#Authorities_models \"BMW R1200RT\") [R1100GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1100GS \"BMW R1100GS\") [R1100R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1100R \"BMW R1100R\") [R1100RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1100RS \"BMW R1100RS\") [R1100RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1100RT \"BMW R1100RT\") [R1100S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1100S \"BMW R1100S\") [R1150GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1150GS \"BMW R1150GS\") [R1150R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1150R \"BMW R1150R\") [R1150RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1150RS&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1150RS (page does not exist)\") [R1150RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1150RT \"BMW R1150RT\") [R1150S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1150S&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1150S (page does not exist)\") [R1150ST](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1150ST&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1150ST (page does not exist)\") [R1200GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200GS \"BMW R1200GS\") [R1200R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200R \"BMW R1200R\") [R1200RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200RS \"BMW R1200RS\") [R1200RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200RT \"BMW R1200RT\") [R1200S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200S \"BMW R1200S\") [R1200ST](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200ST \"BMW R1200ST\") [R1200C](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200C \"BMW R1200C\") [R1200CL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200C \"BMW R1200C\") [R1250GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1250GS \"BMW R1250GS\") [R1250R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1250R&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1250R (page does not exist)\") [R1250RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1250RS \"BMW R1250RS\") [R1250RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1250RT&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1250RT (page does not exist)\") [R1300GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1300GS \"BMW R1300GS\") [R1300R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1300R&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1300R (page does not exist)\") [R1300RS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1300RS&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1300RS (page does not exist)\") [R1300RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_R1300RT&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW R1300RT (page does not exist)\") [R nineT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R_nineT \"BMW R nineT\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Other motorcycles | [GS series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_GS \"BMW GS\") [S1000RR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_S1000RR \"BMW S1000RR\") [S1000R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_S1000R \"BMW S1000R\") [S1000XR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_S1000XR \"BMW S1000XR\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| People | [Max Friz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Friz \"Max Friz\") [Ernst Jakob Henne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Jakob_Henne \"Ernst Jakob Henne\") [Ernst Loof](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Loof \"Ernst Loof\") [David Robb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Robb_\$motorcycling\$ \"David Robb (motorcycling)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Miscellaneous | [247 engine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_247_engine \"BMW 247 engine\") [BMW Motorcycle Owners of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorcycle_Owners_of_America \"BMW Motorcycle Owners of America\") [History of BMW motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles \"History of BMW motorcycles\") [List of BMW motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Motorcycles \"List of BMW vehicles\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s \"Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s \"Template talk:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s\")BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s — [next »](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s \"Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| **Type** | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [straight-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straight-four_engine \"Straight-four engine\") | [Dixi 3\/15\/Dixi 3\/15 DA\/Dixi 3\/15 DA1\/](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Dixi \"BMW Dixi\") | [3\/15 DA2\/ 3\/15 DA4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3\/15 \"BMW 3\/15\") | [3\/20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3\/20 \"BMW 3\/20\") | [309](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_303#309 \"BMW 303\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [straight-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straight-six_engine \"Straight-six engine\") |   |   | [303](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_303 \"BMW 303\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [315, 319](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329 \"BMW 303\") | [329](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329 \"BMW 303\") | [320](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_320 \"BMW 320\") | [321](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_321 \"BMW 321\") |   | [321](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_321 \"BMW 321\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [326](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_326 \"BMW 326\") |   | [326](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_326 \"BMW 326\") |   | [340](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_340 \"BMW 340\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [327](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_327 \"BMW 327\") |   | [327](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_327 \"BMW 327\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [335](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_335 \"BMW 335\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [sports car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_car \"Sports car\") |   | [DA-3 Wartburg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3\/15#3.2F15_DA-3_Wartburg \"BMW 3\/15\") |   | [315\/1, 319\/1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_303#315\/1_and_319\/1_roadsters \"BMW 303\") | [328](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_328 \"BMW 328\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Legend | made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the [Soviet Military Administration in Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany \"Soviet Military Administration in Germany\") and [Avtovelo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#Awtowelo \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s \"Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s \"Template talk:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s\")[« previous](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s \"Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s\") — BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s — [next »](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s \"Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| **Type** | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |\n| [Microcar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microcar \"Microcar\") |   |   | [Isetta 250, 300](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isetta \"Isetta\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [600](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_600 \"BMW 600\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Supermini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermini \"Supermini\") |   |   | [LS, 700](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_700 \"BMW 700\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Compact executive car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_executive_car \"Compact executive car\") (pre-[3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\")\/[4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") |   |   |   | [02 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") |   |   |   | [1600GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_GT \"Glas GT\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Executive car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_car \"Executive car\") (pre-[5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\")\/[6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") | [321](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_321 \"BMW 321\") |   | [321](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_321 \"BMW 321\") |   |   | [New Class sedans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans \"BMW New Class\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") |   |   |   | [2000 C, 2000 CS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coup%C3%A9s \"BMW New Class\") | [E9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E9 \"BMW E9\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Luxury car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luxury_car \"Luxury car\") (pre-[7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\")\/[8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") | [326](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_326 \"BMW 326\") |   | [326](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_326 \"BMW 326\") |   | [340](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_340 \"BMW 340\")\\* |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [501 - 2.6 - 2600](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_501 \"BMW 501\") |   | [E3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Six \"BMW New Six\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [335](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_335_\$1939_-_1941\$ \"BMW 335 (1939 - 1941)\") |   |   | [502 - 2.6Luxus, 3.2(S) - 2600L, 3200L\/S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_501 \"BMW 501\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") | [327](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_327 \"BMW 327\") |   | [327](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_327 \"BMW 327\")\\* | [503](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_503 \"BMW 503\") |   | [3200 CS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3200_CS \"BMW 3200 CS\") |   | [3000 V8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_V8 \"Glas V8\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Roadster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roadster_\$automobile\$ \"Roadster (automobile)\") ([pre-Z-series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\")) | [328](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_328 \"BMW 328\") |   |   | [507](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_507 \"BMW 507\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Legend | Made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the [Soviet Military Administration in Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany \"Soviet Military Administration in Germany\") and [Avtovelo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#After_the_War:_EMW\/BMW \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\"), [EMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk \"Eisenacher Motorenwerk\") and [AWE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#VEB_Automobilwerk_Eisenach \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") \\| \\* changed to EMW in 1952 Developed by [Iso SpA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iso_\$automobile\$ \"Iso (automobile)\") Developed by [Hans Glas GmbH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_\$company\$ \"Glas (company)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s \"Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s \"Template talk:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s\")[« previous](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s \"Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s\") — BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s — [next »](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s \"Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| **Type** | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |\n| [Microcar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microcar \"Microcar\") | [Isetta 250, 300](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isetta \"Isetta\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Supermini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermini \"Supermini\") | [LS, 700](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_700 \"BMW 700\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Compact executive car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_executive_car \"Compact executive car\") (pre-[3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\")\/[4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") |   | [02 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\") | [E21](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E21\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E21)\") | [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E30)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") |   | [1600GT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_GT \"Glas GT\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Executive car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_car \"Executive car\") (pre-[5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\")\/[6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") |   | [New Class sedans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class \"BMW New Class\") | [E12](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E12\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E12)\") | [E28](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E28\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E28)\") | [E34](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E34\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E34)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") |   | [2000 C, 2000 CS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coup%C3%A9s \"BMW New Class\") | [E9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E9 \"BMW E9\") | [E24](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$E24\$ \"BMW 6 Series (E24)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Luxury car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luxury_car \"Luxury car\") (pre-[7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\")\/[8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\")\\-series) | [Sedan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedan_\$automobile\$ \"Sedan (automobile)\") | [501, 502](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_501 \"BMW 501\") |   | [E3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Six \"BMW New Six\") | [E23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E23\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E23)\") | [E32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E32\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E32)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Coupé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup%C3%A9 \"Coupé\") |   | [3200 CS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3200_CS \"BMW 3200 CS\") |   | [3000 V8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_V8 \"Glas V8\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Roadster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roadster_\$automobile\$ \"Roadster (automobile)\") |   |   |   | [Z1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z1 \"BMW Z1\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Sports car](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_car \"Sports car\") |   |   | [E26](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Legend | developed by [Iso SpA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iso_\$automobile\$ \"Iso (automobile)\") developed by [Hans Glas GmbH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_\$company\$ \"Glas (company)\") developed by [BMW Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s \"Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s \"Template talk:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s\")[« previous](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s \"Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s\") — BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s — [next »](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s \"Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| **Series** | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |\n| [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series \"BMW 1 Series\") |   |   |   | [E87](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$E87\$ \"BMW 1 Series (E87)\")\\>\\> |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") | [E21](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E21\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E21)\") | [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E30)\") | [E36](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E36\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E36)\") | [E46](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E46\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E46)\") | [E90](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E90\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E90)\")\\>\\> |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") | [E12](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E12\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E12)\") | [E28](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E28\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E28)\") | [E34](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E34\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E34)\") | [E39](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E39\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E39)\") | [E60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E60)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [6 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\") | [E24](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$E24\$ \"BMW 6 Series (E24)\") |   |   | [E63](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$E63\$ \"BMW 6 Series (E63)\")\\>\\> |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") | [E23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E23\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E23)\") | [E32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E32\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E32)\") | [E38](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E38\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E38)\") | [E65](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E65\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E65)\") | [F01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\")\\>\\> |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [8 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\") |   | [E31](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$E31\$ \"BMW 8 Series (E31)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Z Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\") |   | [Z1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z1 \"BMW Z1\") |   | [Z3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z3 \"BMW Z3\") | [Z4 (E85)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$E85\$ \"BMW Z4 (E85)\") | [Z4 (E89)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$E89\$ \"BMW Z4 (E89)\")\\>\\> |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [Z8 (E52)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z8_\$E52\$ \"BMW Z8 (E52)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s \"Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s \"Template talk:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s\")[« previous](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s \"Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s\") — BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| **Series** | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |   |   |   |\n| [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series \"BMW 1 Series\") |   | [E87](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$E87\$ \"BMW 1 Series (E87)\") | [F20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F20\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F20)\") | [F40](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F40\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F40)\") | [F70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F70\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F70)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [F52](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F52\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F52)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [2 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series \"BMW 2 Series\") |   |   | [F22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$F22\$ \"BMW 2 Series (F22)\") | [G42](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$G42\$ \"BMW 2 Series (G42)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [F44](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$F44\$ \"BMW 2 Series (F44)\") | [F74](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$F74\$ \"BMW 2 Series (F74)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   | [F45](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") \/ [F46](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#BMW_2_Series_Gran_Tourer_\$F46\$ \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") | [U06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#Second_generation_\$U06;_2021\$ \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") | [E46](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E46\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E46)\") | [E90](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E90\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E90)\") | [F30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$F30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (F30)\") | [G20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [4 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\") |   |   | [F32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$F32\$ \"BMW 4 Series (F32)\") | [G22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") | [E39](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E39\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E39)\") | [E60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E60)\") | [F10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$F10\$ \"BMW 5 Series (F10)\") | [G30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G30\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G30)\") | [G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [6 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\") |   | [E63](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$E63\$ \"BMW 6 Series (E63)\") | [F12](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$F06\/F12\/F13\$ \"BMW 6 Series (F06\/F12\/F13)\") | [G32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series_\$G32\$ \"BMW 6 Series (G32)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") | [E38](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E38\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E38)\") | [E65](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$E65\$ \"BMW 7 Series (E65)\") | [F01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\") | [G11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G11\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G11)\") | [G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [8 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\") |   |   | [G15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Z Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\") | [Z3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z3 \"BMW Z3\") | [E85](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$E85\$ \"BMW Z4 (E85)\") | [E89](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$E89\$ \"BMW Z4 (E89)\") |   | [G29](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Z8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z8 \"BMW Z8\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i3 \"BMW i3\") |   |   | [I01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i3_\$hatchback\$ \"BMW i3 (hatchback)\") | [G28](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$#BMW_i3_\$G28_BEV\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [i4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i4 \"BMW i4\") |   |   |   | [G26](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i4 \"BMW i4\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [i5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#BMW_i5 \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\") |   |   |   | [G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#BMW_i5 \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [i7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$#BMW_i7 \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\") |   |   |   | [G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$#BMW_i7 \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [i8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i8 \"BMW i8\") |   |   | [I12](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i8 \"BMW i8\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BMW_aeroengines \"Template:BMW aeroengines\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BMW_aeroengines \"Template talk:BMW aeroengines\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW_aeroengines \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BMW aeroengines\")[BMW]() [aircraft engines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_engine \"Aircraft engine\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Piston engines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reciprocating_engine \"Reciprocating engine\") | [BMW IIIa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_IIIa \"BMW IIIa\") [BMW IV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_IV \"BMW IV\") [BMW V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_V \"BMW V\") [BMW VI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_VI \"BMW VI\") [BMW VII](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_VII \"BMW VII\") [BMW X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X_\$engine\$ \"BMW X (engine)\") [BMW 114](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_114 \"BMW 114\") [BMW 116](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_116 \"BMW 116\") [BMW 117](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_117 \"BMW 117\") [BMW 132](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_132 \"BMW 132\") [BMW 139](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_139 \"BMW 139\") [BMW 801](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_801 \"BMW 801\") [BMW 802](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_802 \"BMW 802\") [BMW 803](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_803 \"BMW 803\") [Bramo 323](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bramo_323 \"Bramo 323\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Turbojets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turbojet \"Turbojet\") | [BMW 003](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_003 \"BMW 003\") [BMW 018](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_018 \"BMW 018\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Turbofans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turbofan \"Turbofan\") | [BR700](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_BR700 \"Rolls-Royce BR700\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Turboprops](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turboprop \"Turboprop\") | [BMW 028](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW_028&action=edit&redlink=1 \"BMW 028 (page does not exist)\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Turboshafts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turboshaft \"Turboshaft\") | [6012](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6012 \"BMW 6012\") [6022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAN_Turbo_6022 \"MAN Turbo 6022\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Rockets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocket \"Rocket\") | [BMW 109-718](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_109-718 \"BMW 109-718\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Aeroderivatives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeroderivative_gas_turbine \"Aeroderivative gas turbine\") | [BMW GT 101](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_GT_101 \"BMW GT 101\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies \"Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies \"Template talk:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies\")[![European Union](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b7\/Flag_of_Europe.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\") [EURO STOXX 50](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EURO_STOXX_50 \"EURO STOXX 50\") companies of the [Euro Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone \"Eurozone\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Last updated: 22 September 2025 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Adidas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adidas \"Adidas\") [Adyen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adyen \"Adyen\") [Ahold Delhaize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahold_Delhaize \"Ahold Delhaize\") [Air Liquide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Liquide \"Air Liquide\") [Airbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airbus \"Airbus\") [Allianz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allianz \"Allianz\") [Anheuser-Busch InBev](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AB_InBev \"AB InBev\") [Argenx](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Argenx&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Argenx (page does not exist)\") [ASML](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASML_Holding \"ASML Holding\") [Axa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axa \"Axa\") [BASF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BASF \"BASF\") [Bayer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayer \"Bayer\") [BBVA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria \"Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria\") [BMW]() [BNP Paribas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BNP_Paribas \"BNP Paribas\") [Danone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danone \"Danone\") [Deutsche Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Bank \"Deutsche Bank\") [Deutsche Börse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse \"Deutsche Börse\") [Deutsche Telekom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Telekom \"Deutsche Telekom\") [DHL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DHL_Group \"DHL Group\") [Enel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enel \"Enel\") [Eni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eni \"Eni\") [EssilorLuxottica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EssilorLuxottica \"EssilorLuxottica\") [Ferrari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrari \"Ferrari\") [Hermès](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herm%C3%A8s \"Hermès\") [Iberdrola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iberdrola \"Iberdrola\") [Inditex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inditex \"Inditex\") [Infineon Technologies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infineon_Technologies \"Infineon Technologies\") [ING Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ING_Group \"ING Group\") [Intesa Sanpaolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intesa_Sanpaolo \"Intesa Sanpaolo\") [L'Oréal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\") [LVMH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LVMH \"LVMH\") [Mercedes-Benz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz_Group \"Mercedes-Benz Group\") [Munich Re](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Re \"Munich Re\") [Nordea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nordea \"Nordea\") [Prosus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prosus \"Prosus\") [Rheinmetall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rheinmetall \"Rheinmetall\") [Safran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safran \"Safran\") [Saint-Gobain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-Gobain \"Saint-Gobain\") [Sanofi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi \"Sanofi\") [Santander](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banco_Santander \"Banco Santander\") [SAP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAP \"SAP\") [Schneider Electric](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schneider_Electric \"Schneider Electric\") [Siemens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens \"Siemens\") [Siemens Energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens_Energy \"Siemens Energy\") [TotalEnergies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TotalEnergies \"TotalEnergies\") [UniCredit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UniCredit \"UniCredit\") [Vinci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vinci_SA \"Vinci SA\") [Volkswagen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volkswagen_Group \"Volkswagen Group\") [Wolters Kluwer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolters_Kluwer \"Wolters Kluwer\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:DAX_companies \"Template:DAX companies\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:DAX_companies \"Template talk:DAX companies\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:DAX_companies \"Special:EditPage\/Template:DAX companies\")![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Flag_of_Germany.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png) [DAX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DAX \"DAX\") companies of [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany \"Germany\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Adidas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adidas \"Adidas\") [Airbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airbus \"Airbus\") [Allianz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allianz \"Allianz\") [BASF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BASF \"BASF\") [Bayer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayer \"Bayer\") [Beiersdorf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beiersdorf \"Beiersdorf\") [BMW]() [Brenntag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brenntag \"Brenntag\") [Commerzbank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commerzbank \"Commerzbank\") [Continental](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continental_AG \"Continental AG\") [Covestro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covestro \"Covestro\") [Daimler Truck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daimler_Truck \"Daimler Truck\") [Deutsche Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Bank \"Deutsche Bank\") [Deutsche Börse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse \"Deutsche Börse\") [Deutsche Telekom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Telekom \"Deutsche Telekom\") [DHL Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DHL_Group \"DHL Group\") [E.ON](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E.ON \"E.ON\") [Fresenius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fresenius_\$company\$ \"Fresenius (company)\") [Hannover Rück](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannover_Re \"Hannover Re\") [Heidelberg Materials](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heidelberg_Materials \"Heidelberg Materials\") [Henkel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henkel \"Henkel\") [Infineon Technologies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infineon_Technologies \"Infineon Technologies\") [Mercedes-Benz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz_Group \"Mercedes-Benz Group\") [Merck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merck_Group \"Merck Group\") [MTU Aero Engines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MTU_Aero_Engines \"MTU Aero Engines\") [Munich Re](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Re \"Munich Re\") [Porsche AG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porsche \"Porsche\") [Porsche SE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porsche_SE \"Porsche SE\") [Qiagen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qiagen \"Qiagen\") [RWE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RWE \"RWE\") [Rheinmetall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rheinmetall \"Rheinmetall\") [SAP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAP \"SAP\") [Sartorius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sartorius_AG \"Sartorius AG\") [Siemens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens \"Siemens\") [Siemens Energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens_Energy \"Siemens Energy\") [Siemens Healthineers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens_Healthineers \"Siemens Healthineers\") [Symrise](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symrise \"Symrise\") [Volkswagen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volkswagen_Group \"Volkswagen Group\") [Vonovia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vonovia \"Vonovia\") [Zalando](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zalando \"Zalando\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany \"Template:Automotive industry in Germany\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany \"Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Automotive industry in Germany\")[Automotive industry in Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry_in_Germany \"Automotive industry in Germany\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Automotive industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry \"Automotive industry\") [Economy of Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Germany \"Economy of Germany\") [Transport in Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transport_in_Germany \"Transport in Germany\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Companies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany \"Category:Automotive companies of Germany\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Active  vehicle  producers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany \"List of automobile manufacturers of Germany\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Foreign owned | [Apollo Automobil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_Automobil \"Apollo Automobil\") [Gumpert Aiways Automobile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile \"Aiways\") [Ford of Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_of_Europe \"Ford of Europe\") [Ford-Werke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Germany \"Ford Germany\") [Magirus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magirus \"Magirus\") [Opel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opel \"Opel\") [Hyundai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyundai_Motor_Europe \"Hyundai Motor Europe\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [Defunct  vehicle  producers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers \"List of automobile manufacturers of Germany\") | [Adler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adler_\$cars_and_motorcycle\$ \"Adler (cars and motorcycle)\") AGA (Autogen-Gas-Akkumulator AG) Alan Alfi Amor Apollo Arego Arimofa Atlantic [Automobilwerk Eisenach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") [Auto Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auto_Union \"Auto Union\") Badenia Bär [Baijah Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baijah_Automotive \"Baijah Automotive\") B.A.W. [Beaufort](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beaufort_\$automobiles\$ \"Beaufort (automobiles)\") BEB Beckmann Bergmann B.F. Bleichert Bob [Borgward](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borgward \"Borgward\") [Borgward Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borgward_Group \"Borgward Group\") [Brennabor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brennabor \"Brennabor\") [Brütsch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Br%C3%BCtsch \"Brütsch\") [Büssing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BCssing \"Büssing\") B.Z. (Bootswerft Zeppelinhafen GmbH) Certus Club Cyclon D.A.K. (Deutsche Automobil Konzern GmbH) Diabolo Dinos Dörner [DKW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DKW \"DKW\") Dürkopp Dux D-Wagen [Edelsbrunner Automobile München](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen \"Edelsbrunner Automobile München\") Ego [Ehrhardt-Szawe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ehrhardt-Szawe \"Ehrhardt-Szawe\") [Eisenacher Motorenwerk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk \"Eisenacher Motorenwerk\") Elite Elitewagen Ercos Fadag Fafag Fafnir Falcon Fendt Faun Framo Freia [Fuldamobil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuldamobil \"Fuldamobil\") Fulminant Garbaty [Glas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glas_\$company\$ \"Glas (company)\") [Goggomobil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goggomobil \"Goggomobil\") [Goliath](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goliath_\$company\$ \"Goliath (company)\") Grade [Gutbrod](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gutbrod \"Gutbrod\") HAG (Hessische Automobil Gesellschaft) [Hartge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartge \"Hartge\") [Hanomag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanomag#Cars \"Hanomag\") [Hansa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hansa_\$car\$ \"Hansa (car)\") Hataz Hawa Heim Helios Hildebrand [Horch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horch \"Horch\") H.T. [Isdera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isdera \"Isdera\") Joswin Kaelble Kenter [Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten \"Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten\") [Kleinschnittger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kleinschnittger \"Kleinschnittger\") Koco Komet Komnick [Kühlstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%BChlstein \"Kühlstein\") Ley Leila Lipsia [Loremo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loremo \"Loremo\") L.W.D. ( Lippische Werke Detmold) Mannesmann [Markranstädter Automobilfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik \"Markranstädter Automobilfabrik\") [Maurer-Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maurer-Union \"Maurer-Union\") Mauser Maf Maja [Melkus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melkus \"Melkus\") Moll [Neue Automobil Gesellschaft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft \"Neue Automobil Gesellschaft\") [North German Automobile and Engine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine \"North German Automobile and Engine\") Nowa [NSU](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NSU_Motorenwerke \"NSU Motorenwerke\") Omikron Phänomen Pilot Presto [Protos of Nonnendamm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protos_of_Nonnendamm \"Protos of Nonnendamm\") Rabag Bugatti Rex-Simplex Röhr Rumpler Schebera [Selve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selve \"Selve\") [Simson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simson_\$company\$ \"Simson (company)\") Standard [Steiger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steiger_\$automobile_company\$ \"Steiger (automobile company)\") [Stoewer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stoewer \"Stoewer\") Szawe [Tempo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tempo_\$automobile\$ \"Tempo (automobile)\") Tornax [Veritas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veritas_\$automobile\$ \"Veritas (automobile)\") Voran [Wanderer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wanderer_\$car\$ \"Wanderer (car)\") Wittekind [Zündapp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Z%C3%BCndapp \"Zündapp\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Components | [ATR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ATR_\$company\$ \"ATR (company)\") [Bosch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosch_\$company\$ \"Bosch (company)\") [ETAS Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ETAS_Group \"ETAS Group\") [Continental](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continental_AG \"Continental AG\") [Dräxlmaier Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group \"Dräxlmaier Group\") [Dürr Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%BCrr_Group \"Dürr Group\") [Eibach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eibach_\$company\$ \"Eibach (company)\") [Getrag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Getrag \"Getrag\") [H\\&R](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%26R_\$company\$ \"H&R (company)\") [Hella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hella_\$company\$ \"Hella (company)\") [Hermann Peters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermann_Peters \"Hermann Peters\") [HQM Sachsenring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH \"HQM Sachsenring GmbH\") [KW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KW_Automotive \"KW Automotive\") [Löwe Automobil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%B6we_Automobil \"Löwe Automobil\") [Mahle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahle_GmbH \"Mahle GmbH\") [Mahle Behr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahle_Behr \"Mahle Behr\") [Mann+Hummel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mann%2BHummel \"Mann+Hummel\") [Petri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petri_AG \"Petri AG\") [Renk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renk \"Renk\") [Rheinmetall Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rheinmetall_Automotive \"Rheinmetall Automotive\") [Schaeffler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schaeffler_Group \"Schaeffler Group\") [Voith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voith \"Voith\") [ZF Friedrichshafen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF_Friedrichshafen \"ZF Friedrichshafen\") [ZF Sachs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF_Sachs \"ZF Sachs\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Motorsport  and tuners | [9ff](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9ff \"9ff\") [Abt Sportsline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abt_Sportsline \"Abt Sportsline\") [AC Schnitzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AC_Schnitzer \"AC Schnitzer\") [Schnitzer Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schnitzer_Motorsport \"Schnitzer Motorsport\") [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\") [APR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audi_Performance_and_Racing \"Audi Performance and Racing\") [Audi Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audi_Sport_GmbH \"Audi Sport GmbH\") [AMG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-AMG \"Mercedes-AMG\") [BBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBS_Autotechnik \"BBS Autotechnik\") [Bitter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bitter_Cars \"Bitter Cars\") [Brabus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brabus \"Brabus\") [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") [Carlsson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlsson_\$car_company\$ \"Carlsson (car company)\") [Dinan Cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dinan_Cars \"Dinan Cars\") [G-Power](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G-Power \"G-Power\") [Gemballa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gemballa \"Gemballa\") Kleemann [Lorinser](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lorinser \"Lorinser\") [Lotec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lotec \"Lotec\") [Hamann Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamann_Motorsport \"Hamann Motorsport\") [Hartge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartge \"Hartge\") [Hofele-Design](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hofele-Design \"Hofele-Design\") [HWA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HWA_Team \"HWA Team\") [Irmscher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irmscher \"Irmscher\") [Joest Racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joest_Racing \"Joest Racing\") [Karosserie Baur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karosserie_Baur \"Karosserie Baur\") [Koenig Specials](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koenig_Specials \"Koenig Specials\") [Mansory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mansory \"Mansory\") [Melkus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melkus \"Melkus\") [MK-Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MK-Motorsport \"MK-Motorsport\") [Motoren Technik Mayer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motoren_Technik_Mayer \"Motoren Technik Mayer\") [Novitec Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novitec_Group \"Novitec Group\") [Opel Performance Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opel_Performance_Center \"Opel Performance Center\") [Renntech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renntech \"Renntech\") [Rieger Tuning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rieger_Tuning \"Rieger Tuning\") [Rowe Racing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowe_Racing \"Rowe Racing\") [Ruf Automobile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruf_Automobile \"Ruf Automobile\") [Schubert Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schubert_Motorsport \"Schubert Motorsport\") [Singer Vehicle Design](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singer_Vehicle_Design \"Singer Vehicle Design\") [Startech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brabus \"Brabus\") [CRD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brabus \"Brabus\") [Steinmetz Opel Tuning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steinmetz_Opel_Tuning \"Steinmetz Opel Tuning\") [Styling Garage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Styling_Garage \"Styling Garage\") [Team Rosberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Team_Rosberg \"Team Rosberg\") [TechArt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TechArt \"TechArt\") [Zakspeed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zakspeed \"Zakspeed\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Services | [Mercedes-Benz Mobility](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz_Mobility \"Mercedes-Benz Mobility\") [Mercedes-Benz Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz_Bank \"Mercedes-Benz Bank\") [Sixt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sixt \"Sixt\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Related topics | [German Association of the Automotive Industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie \"Verband der Automobilindustrie\") [AMI Leipzig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auto_Mobil_International \"Auto Mobil International\") [Frankfurt Motor Show](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankfurt_Motor_Show \"Frankfurt Motor Show\") [Automechanika](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automechanika \"Automechanika\") [IZ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)\") [Euro NCAP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro_NCAP \"Euro NCAP\") [ADAC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ADAC \"ADAC\") [ASAM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems \"Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems\") [TÜV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C3%9CV \"TÜV\") [DTM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters \"Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters\") [Nürburgring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/N%C3%BCrburgring \"Nürburgring\") |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q26678#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [ISNI](https:\/\/isni.org\/isni\/000000012308257X) [VIAF](https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/129013645) [GND](https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/2005475-0) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/n81052383) [France](https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb12001551z) [BnF data](https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb12001551z) [Czech Republic](https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2011641868&CON_LNG=ENG) [2](https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20100810003&CON_LNG=ENG) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007451667505171) |\n| Other | [IdRef](https:\/\/www.idref.fr\/02811681X) [MusicBrainz label](https:\/\/musicbrainz.org\/label\/27be0ff9-0320-4748-8d2d-fb9ba7e41700) [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/group\/d057c605-477c-42c3-95ac-f5246165def5) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&oldid=1346768780>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BMW \"Category:BMW\")\n- [1916 establishments in 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For other uses, see [BMW (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_\$disambiguation\$ \"BMW (disambiguation)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg\/250px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg)Corporate logotype since 2021 |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg\/250px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:4_cilindros_de_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania1.jpg)[BMW Headquarters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") in Munich, Germany |   |\n| Company type | [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_company \"Public company\") |\n| [Traded as](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_symbol \"Ticker symbol\") | [FWB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange \"Frankfurt Stock Exchange\"): [BMW](https:\/\/www.boerse-frankfurt.de\/global-search\/BMW) [DAX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DAX \"DAX\") component |\n| Industry | [Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry \"Automotive industry\") |\n| Predecessors | [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik \"Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik\") [Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\") [Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobilwerk_Eisenach \"Automobilwerk Eisenach\") |\n| Founded | March 7, 1916; 110 years ago (official date)1922; 104 years ago (*de facto* date) |\n| Founders | [Camillo Castiglioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camillo_Castiglioni \"Camillo Castiglioni\") [Franz Josef Popp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Josef_Popp \"Franz Josef Popp\") [\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-1) |\n| Headquarters | Germany |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Key people | [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") (chairman of management board) [Nicolas Peter](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas%20Peter) (chairman of supervisory board) |\n| Products | [Cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Car \"Car\") [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") [bicycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bicycle \"Bicycle\") |\n| Production output | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 2,661,922 cars (2023) ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 221,988 motorcycles (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| Brands | **Automobiles** [BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#Automobiles) ([i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\"), [M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\"), [X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X \"BMW X\"), [Z](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\"), [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\")) [Mini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\") [Rolls-Royce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\") **Motorcycles** [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") |\n| Services | Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services |\n| Revenue | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) [€](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro \"Euro\")155\\.50 [billion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Billion_\$short_scale\$ \"Billion (short scale)\") (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Operating income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes \"Earnings before interest and taxes\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €17.096 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €12.165 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Total assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €250.89 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| [Total equity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equity_\$finance\$ \"Equity (finance)\") | ![Increase](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Increase2.svg\/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €92.923 billion (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) |\n| Owners | [Stefan Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stefan_Quandt \"Stefan Quandt\") (25.8%) [Susanne Klatten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susanne_Klatten \"Susanne Klatten\") (20.9%) [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public \"Public\") (53.4%)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-3) |\n| Number of employees | 157,000 (2024)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html-4) |\n| Website | [bmwgroup.com](http:\/\/bmwgroup.com\/) (corporate) [bmw.com](http:\/\/bmw.com\/) (brand) |\n\n**Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft** (**BMW AG**),[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-5) trading as **BMW Group** (commonly abbreviated to **BMW** (German pronunciation: [\\[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Standard_German \"Help:IPA\/Standard German\") [ⓘ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:De-BMW.ogg \"File:De-BMW.ogg\")), sometimes anglicised as **Bavarian Motor Works**), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of [luxury vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luxury_car \"Luxury car\") and [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") headquartered in [Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich \"Munich\"), Germany. The moniker, \"*BMW* \", first came into use when the German firm *[Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\")* changed its name to *Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH* (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer *Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG* (formerly *[Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik \"Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik\")*), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lewin2016-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-History-7)\n\nBMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, [Mini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_\$marque\$ \"Mini (marque)\"), and [Rolls-Royce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars \"Rolls-Royce Motor Cars\") brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\") brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's [ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_automotive_manufacturers_by_production \"List of automotive manufacturers by production\") (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-8) as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-9) In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the [*Forbes* Global 2000](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes_Global_2000 \"Forbes Global 2000\").[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-10) The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in [touring cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Touring_car_racing \"Touring car racing\"), [sports cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_car_racing \"Sports car racing\"), and the [Isle of Man TT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isle_of_Man_TT \"Isle of Man TT\"). BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry.\n\nBMW AG is [headquartered in Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-11) The [Quandt family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Quandt_\$family\$&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Quandt (family) (page does not exist)\") \\[[de](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quandt_\$Familie\$ \"de:Quandt (Familie)\")\\] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers [Herbert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Quandt \"Herbert Quandt\") and [Harald Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Quandt \"Harald Quandt\") in 1959 which saved BMW from [bankruptcy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy \"Bankruptcy\"), with remaining shares owned by [the public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_float \"Public float\").\n\nSports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world.\n\nHistoric sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954).\n\nTop-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition.\n\nTeam managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers.\n\nBMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).\n\nThe name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year.\n\nBMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32.\n\nBMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3\/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles.\n\nAircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the [BMW 801](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_801 \"BMW 801\") aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) These consisted primarily of prisoners from [Nazi concentration camps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps \"Nazi concentration camps\"), most prominently [Dachau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dachau \"Dachau\"). Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.\n\nBMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the [BMW 501](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_501 \"BMW 501\") luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper [Isetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isetta \"Isetta\") microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-14)\n\nA large investment in BMW by [Herbert Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Quandt \"Herbert Quandt\") and [Harald Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Quandt \"Harald Quandt\") resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. [Günther Quandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCnther_Quandt \"Günther Quandt\") was a well-known German industrialist and joined the [Nazi Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Party \"Nazi Party\") in 1933; he made a fortune arming the *[Wehrmacht](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wehrmacht \"Wehrmacht\")*, manufacturing weapons and batteries.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-15) Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16) One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16)[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-17) While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the [Nazi era](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany \"Nazi Germany\") by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12)\n\nThe relative success of the small [BMW 700](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_700 \"BMW 700\") assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans.\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg\/250px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)\n\n1972 [BMW 5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$E12\$ \"BMW 5 Series (E12)\") (1st generation)\n\nThe 1962 introduction of the [BMW New Class](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_New_Class \"BMW New Class\") compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The [BMW 5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the [BMW 3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") compact sedans in 1975, the [BMW 6 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_6_Series \"BMW 6 Series\") luxury coupés in 1976 and the [BMW 7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") large luxury sedans in 1978.\n\nThe [BMW M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M \"BMW M\") division released its first road car, the [M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\"), a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the [BMW M5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M5 \"BMW M5\") in 1984 and the [BMW M3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M3 \"BMW M3\") in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 [BMW Z1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z1 \"BMW Z1\") marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 [BMW Z3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z3 \"BMW Z3\") was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 [BMW X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$E53\$ \"BMW X5 (E53)\") was the company's first entry into the SUV market.\n\nThe company purchased the [Rover Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rover_Group \"Rover Group\") in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from [Vickers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vickers \"Vickers\").\n\nBMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-18) of a turbocharged [BMW M10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M10 \"BMW M10\") engine for the [BMW 02 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\")), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 [BMW ActiveHybrid 7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\"), and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the [BMW i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i3_\$hatchback\$ \"BMW i3 (hatchback)\") city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric [BMW 1602 Elektro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_02_Series \"BMW 02 Series\") saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-19) After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first [front-wheel drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Front-wheel_drive \"Front-wheel drive\") car was the 2014 [BMW 2 Series Active Tourer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") [multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minivan \"Minivan\").\n\nIn March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-20)\n\nIn August 2019, [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") replaced [Harald Krüger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger \"Harald Krüger\") as the head of the BMW Group.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-21)\n\nIn January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-22) This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-24) Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)\n\nOn 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called \"The Final V12\",[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Road-25)\n\nOn 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-26)\n\nIn September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-27)\n\nIn January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in [research and development (R\\&D)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") in 2025.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-28)\n\nBMW is an abbreviation for *Bayerische Motoren Werke*. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, *Bayerische Motorenwerke* (German pronunciation: [\\[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Standard_German \"Help:IPA\/Standard German\") [ⓘ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:GT_BMW-AG.ogg \"File:GT BMW-AG.ogg\")) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-30) *Bayerische Motorenwerke* translates into English as *Bavarian Motor Works*.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-31) The suffix AG, short for *[Aktiengesellschaft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aktiengesellschaft \"Aktiengesellschaft\")*, signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., \"Incorporated\" (US) or PLC, \"Public Limited Company\" (UK).\n\nThe terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as [slang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slang \"Slang\") for BMW in the English language[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-32)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-33) and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lighter1-34)[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Lighter2-35)[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-36)\n\nThe circular blue and white BMW logo or [roundel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roundel#Corporate_use \"Roundel\") evolved from the circular *[Rapp Motorenwerke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapp_Motorenwerke \"Rapp Motorenwerke\")* company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the [coat of arms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coat_of_arms_of_Bavaria \"Coat of arms of Bavaria\") and [flag of Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Bavaria \"Flag of Bavaria\") (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic [House of Wittelsbach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Wittelsbach \"House of Wittelsbach\"), which [ruled Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria \"List of rulers of Bavaria\") for many centuries).[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-38)\n\nA persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-39)\n\nThe current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-40) removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-41)[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-42)\n\n- [![Logo used in vehicles since 1997](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/BMW.svg\/250px-BMW.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW.svg \"Logo used in vehicles since 1997\")\n  Logo used in vehicles since 1997\n- [![The logo on a BMW car](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg\/250px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Squircle_\$120290377\$.jpg \"The logo on a BMW car\")\n  The logo on a BMW car\n- [![Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg\/250px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_logo_\$gray\$.svg \"Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020\")\n  Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020\n\nThe slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-43)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-44) and first used in ads celebrating their win at the [1975 12 Hours of Sebring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1975_12_Hours_of_Sebring \"1975 12 Hours of Sebring\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-45) In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-46)\n\nIn 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization \"World Intellectual Property Organization\")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid_Protocol \"Madrid Protocol\") as 2nd in the world, with 124 [trademarks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trademarks \"Trademarks\") applications submitted during 2023.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-47)\n\n- Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942)\n- Fritz Hille (1942–1945)\n- Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952)\n- Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960)\n- Herbert Quandt (1960–1970)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-48)\n- [Eberhard von Kuenheim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eberhard_von_Kuenheim \"Eberhard von Kuenheim\") (1970–1993)[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-49)\n- [Bernd Pischetsrieder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernd_Pischetsrieder \"Bernd Pischetsrieder\") (1993–1999)\n- [Joachim Milberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joachim_Milberg \"Joachim Milberg\") (1999–2002)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-50)\n- [Helmut Panke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Panke \"Helmut Panke\") (2002–2006)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-51)\n- [Norbert Reithofer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norbert_Reithofer \"Norbert Reithofer\") (2006–2015)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-52)\n- [Harald Krüger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger \"Harald Krüger\") (2015–2019)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:0-53)\n- [Oliver Zipse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oliver_Zipse \"Oliver Zipse\") (2019–2026)[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-54)\n- Milan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-55)\n\n| Region | share |\n|---|---|\n| Rest of Europe | 28\\.8% |\n| China | 22\\.3% |\n| United States | 19\\.0% |\n| Germany | 13\\.9% |\n| Rest of Asia | 10\\.4% |\n| Rest of Americas | 3\\.4% |\n| Rest of the World | 2\\.2% |\n\n| Region | share |\n|---|---|\n| Automotive | 75\\.0% |\n| Financial services | 23\\.1% |\n| Motorcycles | 1\\.9% |\n\nThe key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-57)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-58)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-59)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-60)\n\n| Year | Revenue (€ bn) | Net income (€ bn) | Total assets (€ bn) | Number of sold cars (m)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-61) | Employees (k) |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 2007 | 56\\.0 | 3\\.1 | 88\\.9 | 1\\.5 | 107 |\n| 2008 | 53\\.1 | 0\\.32 | 101 | 1\\.4 | 100 |\n| 2009 | 50\\.6 | 0\\.20 | 101 | 1\\.2 | 96\\.2 |\n| 2010 | 60\\.4 | 3\\.2 | 108 | 1\\.4 | 95\\.4 |\n| 2011 | 68\\.8 | 4\\.8 | 123 | 1\\.6 | 100 |\n| 2012 | 76\\.8 | 5\\.0 | 131 | 1\\.8 | 105 |\n| 2013 | 76\\.0 | 5\\.3 | 138 | 1\\.9 | 110 |\n| 2014 | 80\\.4 | 5\\.7 | 154 | 2\\.1 | 116 |\n| 2015 | 92\\.1 | 6\\.3 | 172 | 2\\.2 | 122 |\n| 2016 | 94\\.1 | 6\\.8 | 188 | 2\\.3 | 124 |\n| 2017 | 98\\.6 | 8\\.6 | 193 | 2\\.4 | 129 |\n| 2018 | 97\\.4 | 7\\.1 | 208 | 2\\.4 | 134 |\n| 2019 | 104 | 4\\.9 | 241 | 2\\.5 | 133 |\n| 2020 | 98\\.9 | 3\\.7 | 216 | 2\\.3 | 120 |\n| 2021 | 111 | 12\\.3 | 229 | 2\\.5 | 118 |\n| 2022 | 142 | 17\\.9 | 246 | 2\\.3 | 146 |\n| 2023 | 155 | 11\\.2 | 250 | 2\\.5 | 152 |\n| 2024 | 142 | 7\\.3 | 268 | 2\\.5 | 157 |\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/R32-pn.jpg\/250px-R32-pn.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:R32-pn.jpg)\n\nThe [R32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R32 \"BMW R32\") [motorcycle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\"), the first BMW [motor vehicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_vehicle \"Motor vehicle\"), at the [BMW Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Museum \"BMW Museum\") in [Munich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich \"Munich\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e7\/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg\/250px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)\n\nThe 2015 [BMW R1200RT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200RT \"BMW R1200RT\")\n\nBMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-artof-62) Its motorcycle brand is now known as [BMW Motorrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorrad \"BMW Motorrad\"). Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the \"[R32](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R32 \"BMW R32\")\" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-63) This had a \"[boxer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flat-twin_engine \"Flat-twin engine\")\" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the [R Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#R_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\").\n\nThe entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory.\n\nDuring the Second World War, BMW produced the [BMW R75](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R75 \"BMW R75\") motorcycle with a motor-driven [sidecar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sidecar \"Sidecar\") attached. Combined with a lockable [differential](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differential_\$mechanics\$ \"Differential (mechanics)\"), the vehicle was very capable off-road.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-64)\n\nIn 1982 came the [K Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_K1200S \"BMW K1200S\"), with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven [F](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#F_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\") and [G](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#G_series \"History of BMW motorcycles\") series with single and parallel twin [Rotax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rotax \"Rotax\") engines.\n\nIn the early 1990s, BMW updated the [airhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airhead_\$motorcycle\$ \"Airhead (motorcycle)\") Boxer engine which became known as the [oilhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oilhead \"Oilhead\"). In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the [R1200GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200GS \"BMW R1200GS\"), compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous [R1150GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1150GS \"BMW R1150GS\"). More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively.\n\nIn 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.\n\nBMW introduced [anti-lock brakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-lock_braking_system \"Anti-lock braking system\") on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of [electronic stability control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_stability_control \"Electronic stability control\"), or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.\n\nBMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an [Earles fork](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earles_fork \"Earles fork\"), front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called [swinging arm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swinging_arm \"Swinging arm\")). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-65)\n\nBMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Husqvarna_Motorcycles \"Husqvarna Motorcycles\") for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.\n\nIn September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-66) The design of the [bike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycle \"Motorcycle\") was inspired by the company's [BMW R1200 GS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_R1200GS \"BMW R1200GS\") model.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-67)\n\nThe current model lines of BMW cars are:\n\n- [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series \"BMW 1 Series\") five-door hatchbacks (model code [F70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F70\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F70)\")).\n- [2 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series \"BMW 2 Series\") two-door coupes (model code [G42](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$G42\$ \"BMW 2 Series (G42)\")), \"Active Tourer\" five-seat MPVs ([U06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\")), four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans (model code [F74](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([F78](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\")).\n- [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\")), five-door station wagons ([G21](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G28](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G20 \"BMW G20\")).\n- [4 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series \"BMW 4 Series\") two-door coupes (model code [G22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")), two-door convertibles (model code [G23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")) and five-door \"Gran Coupe\" fastbacks (model code [G26](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\")).\n- [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")), five-door station wagons ([G61](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G68](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_G60 \"BMW G60\")).\n- [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series \"BMW 7 Series\") four-door sedans (model code [G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\")).\n- [8 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series \"BMW 8 Series\") two-door convertibles (model code [G14](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G14\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G14)\")), two-door coupes ([G15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\")) and four-door \"Gran Coupe\" sedans ([G16](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\")).\n\n- [![1 Series (F70)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg\/500px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_120_\$F70\$_IMG_0362.jpg \"1 Series (F70)\")\n  1 Series ([F70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F70\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F70)\"))\n- [![2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg\/330px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_220d_\$F74\$_DSC_7359.jpg \"2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)\")\n  2 Series Gran Coupé ([F74](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\"))\n- [![2 Series (G42)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg\/500px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg \"2 Series (G42)\")\n  2 Series ([G42](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_\$G42\$ \"BMW 2 Series (G42)\"))\n- [![3 Series (G20)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg\/500px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg \"3 Series (G20)\")\n  3 Series ([G20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\"))\n- [![4 Series (G22)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg\/500px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg \"4 Series (G22)\")\n  4 Series ([G22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_4_Series_\$G22\$ \"BMW 4 Series (G22)\"))\n- [![5 Series (G60)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg\/500px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg \"5 Series (G60)\")\n  5 Series ([G60](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\"))\n- [![7 Series (G70)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg\/500px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg \"7 Series (G70)\")\n  7 Series ([G70](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\"))\n- [![8 Series (G15)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg\/500px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg \"8 Series (G15)\")\n  8 Series ([G15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_8_Series_\$G15\$ \"BMW 8 Series (G15)\"))\n\nThe current model lines of the [X Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X \"BMW X\") SUVs and crossovers are:\n\n- [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1 \"BMW X1\") ([U11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$U11\$ \"BMW X1 (U11)\"))\n- [X2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2 \"BMW X2\") ([U10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2 \"BMW X2\"))\n- [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\") ([G45](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"))\n- [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5 \"BMW X5\") ([G05](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\"))\n- [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\") ([G06](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\"))\n- [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\") ([G07](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7_\$G07\$ \"BMW X7 (G07)\"))\n- [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") ([G09](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM_\$G09\$ \"BMW XM (G09)\"))\n\n- [![X1 (U11)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg\/330px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg \"X1 (U11)\")\n- [![X2 (U10)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e9\/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg\/500px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg \"X2 (U10)\")\n- [![X3 (G45)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/72\/BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg\/330px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg \"X3 (G45)\")\n- [![X5 (G05)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f1\/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg\/330px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg \"X5 (G05)\")\n- [![X6 (G06)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b1\/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg\/330px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg \"X6 (G06)\")\n- [![X7 (G07)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg\/330px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G07_\$2022\$_1X7A6450.jpg \"X7 (G07)\")\n- [![XM (G09)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg\/330px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_XM_\$G09\$_IMG_7778.jpg \"XM (G09)\")\n\nThe current model line of the [Z Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z \"BMW Z\") two-door roadsters is the **Z4** (model code [G29](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\")).\n\n- [![Z4 (G29)](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg\/330px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg \"Z4 (G29)\")\n\n[All-electric vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All-electric_vehicle \"All-electric vehicle\") and [plug-in hybrid vehicles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle \"Plug-in hybrid vehicle\") are sold under the *[BMW i](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i \"BMW i\")* sub-brand. The current model range consists of:\n\n- [i3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$#BMW_i3_\$G28_BEV\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) sedan, exclusive to China\n- [i4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i4 \"BMW i4\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) liftback\n- [i5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i5 \"BMW i5\") [E-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E-segment \"E-segment\") (executive) sedan\n- [i7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_i7 \"BMW i7\") [F-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-segment \"F-segment\") (full-size) sedan\n- [iX1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX1 \"BMW iX1\") [C-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C-segment \"C-segment\") (subcompact) SUV\n- [iX2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX2 \"BMW iX2\") [C-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C-segment \"C-segment\") (subcompact) SUV\n- [iX3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX3_\$NA5\$ \"BMW iX3 (NA5)\") [D-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-segment \"D-segment\") (compact) SUV\n- [iX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_iX \"BMW iX\") [E-segment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E-segment \"E-segment\") (mid-size) SUV\n\n- [![i3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0f\/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg\/500px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i3_\$G28\$_China_\$2\$_\$cropped\$.jpg \"i3\")\n- [![i4](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg\/500px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg \"i4\")\n- [![i5](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg\/500px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg \"i5\")\n- [![i7](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg\/330px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg \"i7\")\n- [![iX1](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg\/500px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg \"iX1\")\n- [![iX2](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg\/330px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg \"iX2\")\n- [![iX3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg\/330px-BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg \"iX3\")\n- [![iX](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg\/500px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg \"iX\")\n\nIn addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as *iPerformance* models. Examples include the [225xe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer \"BMW 2 Series Active Tourer\") using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the [330e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$F30\$#330e_iPerformance \"BMW 3 Series (F30)\")\/[530e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#Powertrain \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\") using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-68)[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:1-69) and the [550e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G60\$#Specifications \"BMW 5 Series (G60)\")\/[750e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$#Specifications \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\") using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:1-69)[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-70) Also, [crossover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crossover_\$automobile\$ \"Crossover (automobile)\") and [SUV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SUV \"SUV\") plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: [X1 xDrive25e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_xDrive25e \"BMW X1 xDrive25e\"), [X2 xDrive25e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X2_xDrive25e \"BMW X2 xDrive25e\"), [X3 xDrive30e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3_xDrive30e \"BMW X3 xDrive30e\"), and [X5 xDrive40e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_xDrive40e \"BMW X5 xDrive40e\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-71)\n\nThe *BMW M GmbH* subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978.\n\nAs of November 2024, the M lineup is:[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-72)\\[*[failed verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")*\\]\n\n- [M2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M2 \"BMW M2\") two-door coupe\n- [M3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M3 \"BMW M3\") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon\n- [M4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M4 \"BMW M4\") two-door coupe\/convertible\n- [M5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M5 \"BMW M5\") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon\n- [M8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M8 \"BMW M8\") two-door coupe\/convertible and four-door sedan\n- [X5 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\") mid-size SUV[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-73)\n- [X6 M](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6_\$G06\$ \"BMW X6 (G06)\") mid-size coupe SUV[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-74)\n- [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") Large SUV[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-75)\n\n- [![M2](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg\/330px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg \"M2\")\n- [![M3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/39\/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg\/500px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg \"M3\")\n- [![M4](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg\/500px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M4_\$G82\$_IMG_4183.jpg \"M4\")\n- [![M5](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d5\/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg\/330px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg \"M5\")\n- [![M8](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bd\/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg\/500px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg \"M8\")\n- [![X5 M](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg\/330px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_X5_M_\$G05\$_IMG_3370.jpg \"X5 M\")\n- [![X6 M](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/98\/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg\/330px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_X6_M_Competition_\$G06\$_IMG_3572.jpg \"X6 M\")\n\nThe letter \"M\" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the [F20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F20\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F20)\") M140i model, the [G11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G11\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G11)\") M760Li model and various optional extras called \"M Sport\", \"M Performance\" or similar.\n\n### Naming convention for models\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Naming convention for models\")\\]\n\nBMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:\n\n- [Touring cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Touring_cars \"Touring cars\"), such as [DTM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Meisterschaft \"Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft\"), [WTCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Touring_Car_Championship \"World Touring Car Championship\"), [ETCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Touring_Car_Championship \"European Touring Car Championship\") and [BTCC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Touring_Car_Championship \"British Touring Car Championship\")\n- [Formula One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_Formula_One \"BMW in Formula One\")\n- Endurance racing, such as [24 Hours Nürburgring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgring \"24 Hours Nürburgring\"), [24 Hours of Le Mans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans \"24 Hours of Le Mans\"), [24 Hours of Daytona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/24_Hours_of_Daytona \"24 Hours of Daytona\") and [Spa 24 Hours](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spa_24_Hours \"Spa 24 Hours\")\n- [Isle of Man TT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isle_of_Man_TT \"Isle of Man TT\")\n- [Dakar Rally](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakar_Rally \"Dakar Rally\")\n- [American Le Mans Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Le_Mans_Series \"American Le Mans Series\")\n- [IMSA SportsCar Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship \"IMSA SportsCar Championship\")\n- [Formula BMW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_BMW \"Formula BMW\"), a junior racing [Formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_racing \"Formula racing\") category\n- [Formula Two](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_Two \"Formula Two\")\n- [Formula E](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_E \"Formula E\")\n- [Superbike World Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superbike_World_Championship \"Superbike World Championship\")\n\n- [![2016 BMW M4 DTM](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg\/330px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:16_Timo_Glock_\$27860673816\$.jpg \"2016 BMW M4 DTM\")\n- [![2016 BMW M6 GT3](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg\/330px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg \"2016 BMW M6 GT3\")\n- [![2016 BMW S1000RR](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg\/330px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg \"2016 BMW S1000RR\")\n- [![2007 BMW Sauber F1.07](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg\/500px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg \"2007 BMW Sauber F1.07\")\n\n## Involvement in the arts\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: Involvement in the arts\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG\/250px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_02.JPG)\n\nBMW Headquarters\n\nThe global [BMW Headquarters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Headquarters \"BMW Headquarters\") in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a [four-cylinder engine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straight-four_engine \"Straight-four engine\"). It was designed by [Karl Schwanzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schwanzer \"Karl Schwanzer\") and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower.\n\n[BMW Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Museum \"BMW Museum\") is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-77) The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.\n\n[BMW Welt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Welt \"BMW Welt\"), the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by [Coop Himmelb(l)au](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coop_Himmelb\$l\$au \"Coop Himmelb(l)au\") and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-78)\n\n- [![BMW Museum](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg\/250px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg \"BMW Museum\")\n  BMW Museum\n- [![BMW Welt](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg\/330px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Welt,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania,_2013-04-22,_DD_03.jpg \"BMW Welt\")\n  BMW Welt\n\nIn 1975, sculptor [Alexander Calder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Calder \"Alexander Calder\") was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [Hervé Poulain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herv%C3%A9_Poulain \"Hervé Poulain\") at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [David Hockney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Hockney \"David Hockney\"), [Jenny Holzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Holzer \"Jenny Holzer\"), [Roy Lichtenstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roy_Lichtenstein \"Roy Lichtenstein\"), [Robert Rauschenberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Rauschenberg \"Robert Rauschenberg\"), [Frank Stella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Stella \"Frank Stella\"), and [Andy Warhol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Warhol \"Andy Warhol\").[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.\n\n- [![1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Calder_CSL.jpg\/330px-Calder_CSL.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Calder_CSL.jpg \"1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder\")\n  1975 [3\\.0 CSL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3.0_CSL \"BMW 3.0 CSL\") Art Car by Alexander Calder\n- [![1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/BMW_M1.jpg\/250px-BMW_M1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_M1.jpg \"1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol\")\n  1979 [M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\") Art Car by Andy Warhol\n\nBMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with [Art Basel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Basel \"Art Basel\"), and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-79)[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-80)\n\nBMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 *[The Art of the Motorcycle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Art_of_the_Motorcycle \"The Art of the Motorcycle\")* exhibition at various [Guggenheim museums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Guggenheim_Museums \"List of Guggenheim Museums\"), though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-81)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-82)\n\nIn 2012, BMW began sponsoring [Independent Collectors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_Collectors \"Independent Collectors\") production of the *BMW Art Guide*, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-83) The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-Borowik_Collection-84)\n\n## Production and sales\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: Production and sales\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/67\/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg\/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)\n\n[Spot welding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spot_welding \"Spot welding\") 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany\n\nBMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:\n\n- Germany: Munich, [Dingolfing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing \"BMW Group Plant Dingolfing\"), Regensburg and Leipzig\n- United States: [Spartanburg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_in_the_United_States#Spartanburg_manufacturing_plant \"BMW in the United States\")[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-85)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-86)\n- Mexico: San Luis Potosí[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-87)\n- China: [Shenyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shenyang \"Shenyang\")\n- South Africa: Rosslyn\n\nBMW also has local assembly operation using [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-88)\n\nIn the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-89)\n\nThe BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-90)[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.\n\nBy 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-92) On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-alcl1-93)\n\nAnnual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91)\n\nAnnual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports:\n\n\\* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include [Husqvarna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Husqvarna_Motorcycles \"Husqvarna Motorcycles\") models.  \n \\*\\* Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.\n\nIn November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-94)\n\nIn 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-95) Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-96) This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-97) leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-98)\n\n## Industry collaboration\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=23 \"Edit section: Industry collaboration\")\\]\n\nBMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:\n\n- [McLaren Automotive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McLaren_Automotive \"McLaren Automotive\"): BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the [McLaren F1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McLaren_F1 \"McLaren F1\").[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-99)[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-100)\n- [Groupe PSA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groupe_PSA \"Groupe PSA\") (predecessor to [Stellantis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stellantis \"Stellantis\")): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-101)\n- [Daimler Benz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daimler_Benz \"Daimler Benz\"): Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the [ActiveHybrid 7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$F01\$#ActiveHybrid_7_\$F04\$ \"BMW 7 Series (F01)\").[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-102)[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-103) Development of automated driving technology.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-104)\n- [Toyota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toyota \"Toyota\"): Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop [fuel cell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuel_cell \"Fuel cell\") technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 [BMW Z4 (G29)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Z4_\$G29\$ \"BMW Z4 (G29)\") and [Toyota Supra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toyota_Supra \"Toyota Supra\")) and research [lithium-air batteries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery \"Lithium–air battery\").[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-106)[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-107)\n- [Audi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audi \"Audi\") and [Mercedes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz \"Mercedes-Benz\"): Joint purchase of Nokia's [Here WeGo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Here_WeGo \"Here WeGo\") (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-108)\n- In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-109)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6d\/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg\/250px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)\n\nBMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics\n\nBMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the [United States Olympic Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Olympic_Committee \"United States Olympic Committee\") in July 2010.[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-110)[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-111)\n\nIn golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-112) including the [PGA Championship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_PGA_Championship \"BMW PGA Championship\") since 2007,[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-113)[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-114) the [Italian Open](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Open_\$golf\$ \"Italian Open (golf)\") from 2009 to 2012, the [BMW Masters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Masters \"BMW Masters\") in China from 2012 to 2015[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-116) and the [BMW International Open](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_International_Open \"BMW International Open\") in Munich since 1989.[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-117)\n\nIn [rugby](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rugby_football \"Rugby football\"), BMW sponsored the [South Africa national rugby union team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team \"South Africa national rugby union team\") from 2011 to 2015.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-118)[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-119)\n\n## Car-sharing services\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=25 \"Edit section: Car-sharing services\")\\]\n\n[DriveNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DriveNow \"DriveNow\") was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-120) DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-121)\n\nIn 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-122)[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-123)\n\nThe [ReachNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ReachNow \"ReachNow\") car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-124) ReachNow currently operates in [Seattle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle,_Washington \"Seattle, Washington\"), [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portland,_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") and [Brooklyn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brooklyn,_New_York \"Brooklyn, New York\").\n\nIn 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car [subscription service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subscription_service \"Subscription service\") for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in [Nashville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nashville \"Nashville\"), Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was \"suspended\".[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-125)\n\n## Overseas subsidiaries\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=26 \"Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries\")\\]\n\n### Production facilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=27 \"Edit section: Production facilities\")\\]\n\nThe first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and [Brilliance Auto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brilliance_Auto \"Brilliance Auto\").[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-126)[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-127) The plant was opened in the [Shenyang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shenyang \"Shenyang\") industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-bmw_sub-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-129) In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-130)\n\nBetween January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-131)\n\nOn 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-:0-53)\n\nIn February 2022, BMW invested an additional \\$4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-132)\n\nIn June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-133) The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US\\$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor [Olaf Scholz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olaf_Scholz \"Olaf Scholz\")'s visit to China.[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-134)\n\nOn 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near [Debrecen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Debrecen \"Debrecen\"), will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-135)\n\nIn July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of [San Luis Potosí](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD \"San Luis Potosí\") involving an investment of \\$1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-MexicoBMW-136)\n\nThe Mini Convertible, [Mini Countryman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\") and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the [VDL Nedcar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VDL_Nedcar \"VDL Nedcar\") factory in [Born](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Born,_Netherlands \"Born, Netherlands\") up until its closure on February 16, 2024.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-137)[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-138)[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-139) The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-140) Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-141)\n\nBMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-142) when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in [Rosslyn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosslyn,_Gauteng \"Rosslyn, Gauteng\"), near [Pretoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pretoria \"Pretoria\"). BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became *BMW South Africa*, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as [Ford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") and [GM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors \"General Motors\"), which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.\n\nFollowing the end of [apartheid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid \"Apartheid\") in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to [right hand drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right_hand_drive \"Right hand drive\") markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as [Sub-Saharan Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sub-Saharan_Africa \"Sub-Saharan Africa\"). Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in [left-hand drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Left-hand_drive \"Left-hand drive\") for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.\n\nThree unique models that [BMW Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Motorsport \"BMW Motorsport\") created for the South African market were the [E23](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E23 \"BMW E23\") M745i (1983), which used the [M88](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M88 \"BMW M88\") engine from the [BMW M1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M1 \"BMW M1\"), the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre [M30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_M30 \"BMW M30\") engine to the [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_E30 \"BMW E30\"),[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-143) and the [E30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$E30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (E30)\") BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an [Alpina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpina \"Alpina\")\\-derived 2.7-litre engine.\n\nThe plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is \"N\".[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-144)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg\/250px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)\n\nBMW Zentrum museum in [Spartanburg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spartanburg_County \"Spartanburg County\"), South Carolina\n\nBMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-145) and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-146) The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-147) In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-148)\n\nThe manufacturing plant in [Greer, South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greer,_South_Carolina \"Greer, South Carolina\") has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-roundel201504-149) currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-BMWfactory-150) The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"), [X4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X4 \"BMW X4\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5 \"BMW X5\"), [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\"), [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\") and [XM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_XM \"BMW XM\") SUV models.\n\nIn addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.\n\n### Complete knock-down assembly facilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=34 \"Edit section: Complete knock-down assembly facilities\")\\]\n\nOn 9 October 2014, BMW's new [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Araquari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Araquari \"Araquari\"), assembled its first car— an [F30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F30 \"BMW F30\") 3 Series.[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-151)[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-152)\n\nThe cars assembled at Araquari are the [F20](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F20 \"BMW F20\") 1 Series, [F30](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F30 \"BMW F30\") 3 Series, [F48](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F48 \"BMW F48\") X1, [F25](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_F25 \"BMW F25\") X3 and Mini Countryman.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)\n\n[Bavarian Auto Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bavarian_Auto_Group \"Bavarian Auto Group\") became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003.\n\nSince 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") components at the BMW plant in Cairo.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)\n\nBMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in [Gurugram](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gurugram \"Gurugram\").\n\nA BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in [Chennai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chennai \"Chennai\") in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-154) The 20 Million [Euro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro \"Euro\") plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year.\n\nPT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in [Central Jakarta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Jakarta \"Central Jakarta\"). It was managed by [PT. Astra International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astra_International \"Astra International\").\n\n10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion [Indonesian rupiah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_rupiah \"Indonesian rupiah\") to expand its production, by establish the [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Gaya Motor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astra_International \"Astra International\")'s production facility in [Sunter, Jakarta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunter,_Jakarta \"Sunter, Jakarta\"). the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market [2 Series (gran coupé)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 \"BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé\"), [3 Series (sedan)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$G20\$ \"BMW 3 Series (G20)\"), [5 Series (sedan)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series_\$G30\$ \"BMW 5 Series (G30)\"), [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G70\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G70)\"), [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$U11\$ \"BMW X1 (U11)\"), [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3_\$G01\$ \"BMW X3 (G01)\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$G05\$ \"BMW X5 (G05)\"), [X7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X7 \"BMW X7\"), and [Mini Countryman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\").\n\nBMW's [complete knock-down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock-down_kit \"Knock-down kit\") (CKD) assembly plant in [Kedah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kedah \"Kedah\"). Assembled Malaysia-market [1 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1_Series_\$F20\$ \"BMW 1 Series (F20)\"), [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series_\$F30\$ \"BMW 3 Series (F30)\"), [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\"), [7 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_7_Series_\$G11\$ \"BMW 7 Series (G11)\"), [X1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X1_\$F48\$ \"BMW X1 (F48)\"), [X3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X3 \"BMW X3\"), [X4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X4_\$F26\$ \"BMW X4 (F26)\"), [X5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X5_\$F15\$ \"BMW X5 (F15)\"), [X6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_X6 \"BMW X6\") and Mini Countryman since 2008.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-155)\n\nRussian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in [Kaliningrad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaliningrad \"Kaliningrad\") beginning in 1999.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-156) In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine\").[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-157)\n\nIn Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the [1600](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_1600 \"BMW 1600\"), [2002](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_2002 \"BMW 2002\"), [3 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_3_Series \"BMW 3 Series\") and [5 Series](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_5_Series \"BMW 5 Series\"), totalling 12,000 units.[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-158)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-159)\n\nBMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa \"Ottawa\"), was opened in 1969.[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-160) In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-161)\n\nBMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-162)\n\nBMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-163)\n\nBMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of [San Miguel Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Miguel_Corporation \"San Miguel Corporation\"), is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-164)\n\nBMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-165)\n\nBMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near [Incheon International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incheon_International_Airport \"Incheon International Airport\").[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-166)\n\nBMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-167)\n\nBMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for [Apple Car Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Car_Play \"Apple Car Play\"). After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-168)[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-169) In 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners \\$18 a month to use heated seats.[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-170) They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.[\\[171\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_note-171)\n\n- [BMW Group Classic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Group_Classic \"BMW Group Classic\")\n- [List of BMW engines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_BMW_engines \"List of BMW engines\")\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-1)**\n   Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [*The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. p. 10. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-7603-5017-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1\")\n   \n   .\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-5)\n   [\"BMW Group Report 2023\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/report\/2023\/downloads\/BMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf) (PDF). BMW AG. pp. 328–329. Retrieved 2 September 2024.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/bmw-shares.html). *www.bmwgroup.com*. Retrieved 11 July 2023.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html_4-0)**  Cite error: The named reference `<https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/investor-relations\/company-reports.html>` was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Cite_errors\/Cite_error_references_no_text \"Help:Cite errors\/Cite error references no text\")).\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft\"](https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/de\/D2601V_HRB42243). *[OpenCorporates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenCorporates \"OpenCorporates\")*. 12 December 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2025.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lewin2016_6-0)**\n   Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [*The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. pp. 9–10\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-7603-5017-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-5017-1\")\n   \n   .\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-History_7-0)**\n   [\"History\"](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/en\/company\/history.html). *BMW AG*. Retrieved 10 August 2021.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer\"](https:\/\/www.factorywarrantylist.com\/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html). F\\&I Tools USA. 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller\"](https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/30723\/umfrage\/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller\/). *Statista*.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-10)**\n    [\"The Global 2000 2023\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240129031905\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). *Forbes*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born\"](https:\/\/nos.nl\/artikel\/2352434-tegenslag-voor-nedcar-bmw-stopt-in-2023-met-de-productie-in-born). *nos.nl*. 15 October 2020.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-1)\n    [\"Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years\"](https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/horsepower-under-the-hood-and-skeletons-in-the-closet-bmw-celebrates-100-years\/a-19095189). *Deutsche Welle*. 2016.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era\"](https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/auto\/miscellaneous\/bmw-mercedes-pivot-from-enemies-to-partners-in-new-auto-era\/articleshow\/67176867.cms). *The Times of India*. 20 December 2018. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0971-8257](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0971-8257). Retrieved 17 December 2024.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW\"](https:\/\/www.motor1.com\/news\/699865\/mercedes-owned-audi-almost-bought-bmw\/). *Motor1.com*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"BMW and the Holocaust\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221231192214\/https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/bmw-and-the-holocaust). *Jewish Virtual Library*. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/bmw-and-the-holocaust) on 31 December 2022.\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-1)\n    [\"Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221230130131\/https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/varta-battery-factories). *Jewish Virtual Library*. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/varta-battery-factories) on 30 December 2022.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-17)** [\"BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich\"](https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/germany\/breaking-the-silence-bmw-s-quandt-family-to-investigate-wealth-amassed-in-third-reich-a-511193.html). *Der Spiegel*. 2007.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-18)** [\"BMW 2002 turbo\"](https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3826800). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230425132944\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3826800) 25 April 2023 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-19)** [\"BMW 1602 Elektro\"](https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3921907). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220428080131\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/detail\/index.xhtml?id=3921907) 28 April 2022 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-20)**\n    Digitale, Usine (28 March 2018). [\"BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité\"](https:\/\/www.usine-digitale.fr\/article\/bmw-et-daimler-regroupent-leurs-services-mobilites.N673254). *usine digitale*.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG\"](https:\/\/www.press.bmwgroup.com\/global\/article\/detail\/T0298910EN\/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en). *press bmw group*.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7). *Reuters*. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-1)\n    Haider, Martin (30 June 2020). [\"Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group\"](https:\/\/ojs.mtak.hu\/index.php\/hungeobull\/article\/view\/3209). *Hungarian Geographical Bulletin*. **69** (2): 119–135\\. [Bibcode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_\$identifier\$ \"Bibcode (identifier)\"):[2020HuGBu..69..119H](https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2020HuGBu..69..119H). [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.15201\/hungeobull.69.2.3](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15201%2Fhungeobull.69.2.3).\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-24)**\n    Kukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (7 July 2021). [\"The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader\"](https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JBS-02-2020-0021\/full\/html). *Journal of Business Strategy*. **42** (4): 268–277\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1108\/JBS-02-2020-0021](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108%2FJBS-02-2020-0021). [hdl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_\$identifier\$ \"Hdl (identifier)\"):[10256\/19355](https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10256%2F19355). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0275-6668](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0275-6668).\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-1)\n    Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). [\"BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li\"](https:\/\/www.roadandtrack.com\/news\/a38803898\/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12\/). *Road & Track*. Hearst Communications.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-26)**\n    Sergeev, Angel (5 October 2023). [\"Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss\"](https:\/\/www.motor1.com\/news\/690049\/rolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement\/). *motor1*. Retrieved 5 October 2023.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-27)**\n    Kharpal, Arjun (10 September 2025). [\"Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers\"](https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2025\/09\/10\/qualcomm-bmw-launch-driverless-tech-ceo-says-other-carmakers-next.html). *CNBC*. Retrieved 9 December 2025.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"Growth in EU private R\\&D investment slows \\| Science\\|Business\"](https:\/\/sciencebusiness.net\/news\/eu-budget\/growth-eu-private-rd-investment-slows). *sciencebusiness.net*. Retrieved 1 April 2026.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-29)**\n    Hans List: *Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine*, Springer, Wien, 1949. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9783662294888](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783662294888 \"Special:BookSources\/9783662294888\")\n    \n    . *Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen*\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-30)**\n    Roland Löwisch: *BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar*. HEEL, 2016, [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9783958434066](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783958434066 \"Special:BookSources\/9783958434066\")\n    \n    . p 7.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"BMW 1970s brochure for the United States\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180114021349\/https:\/\/bmw-grouparchiv.de\/research\/media\/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417\/web). *www.bmw-grouparchiv.de*. 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Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.bangkokpost.com\/auto\/autoreview\/24915\/no-toupees-allowed) on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter1_34-0)**\n    Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [*Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/126). Vol. 1. Random House. pp. [126–27](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/126). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-394-54427-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4\")\n    \n    . \"**Beemer** *n.* \\[BMW + ''er''\\] a BMW automobile. Also **Beamer.**\"\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter2_35-0)**\n    Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [*Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/159). Vol. 1. Random House. p. [159](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/randomhousehisto01ligh\/page\/159). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-394-54427-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-54427-4\")\n    \n    . \"**Bimmer** *n.* Beemer.\"\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-36)** **1982** S. Black *Totally Awesome* 83 BMW (\"Beemer\").  \n    **1985** *L.A. Times* (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.  \n    **1989** L. Roberts *Full Cleveland* 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.  \n    **1990** *Hull High* (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.  \n     **1991** *Cathy* (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... \\[ground\\] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer\\!  \n    **1992** *Time* (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.\n37. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-bmw.com_37-2)\n    [\"The BMW Logo – meaning and history\"](https:\/\/www.bmw.com\/en\/automotive-life\/bmw-logo-meaning-history1.html). BMW. Retrieved 20 August 2021.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-38)**\n    BMW (5 June 2010). 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[\"BMW pays \\$4.2 BLN to take control of Chinese JV\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/bmw-receives-license-take-75-stake-china-joint-venture-bmw-brilliance-automotive-2022-02-11\/). *Reuters*.\n133. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-133)**\n     [\"BMW to open a new factory in Shenyang\"](https:\/\/www.electrive.com\/2022\/06\/23\/bmw-to-open-a-new-factory-in-shenyang\/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Munich-based,paint%20shop%20to%20final%20assembly). 23 June 2022.\n134. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-134)**\n     [\"BMW confirms it will invest another US\\$1.4 billion in Chinese EV battery plant\"](https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/business\/companies\/article\/3199580\/bmw-confirms-it-will-invest-another-us14-billion-chinese-ev-battery-plant). 14 November 2022.\n135. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-135)**\n     [\"BMW to build 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bmw-production-factory\/bmw-to-build-1-billion-euro-car-factory-in-hungary-idUSKBN1KL12X). *Reuters*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180731120013\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bmw-production-factory\/bmw-to-build-1-billion-euro-car-factory-in-hungary-idUSKBN1KL12X) from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.\n136. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-MexicoBMW_136-0)**\n     [\"Joining rivals, BMW to set up \\$1bn plant in Mexico\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140809120810\/http:\/\/www.mexicostar.com\/index.php\/sid\/223478259\/scat\/4b980140662cfc90\/ht\/Joining-rivals-BMW-to-set-up-1bn-plant-in-Mexico). *Mexico Star*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.mexicostar.com\/index.php\/sid\/223478259\/scat\/4b980140662cfc90\/ht\/Joining-rivals-BMW-to-set-up-1bn-plant-in-Mexico) on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.\n137. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-137)**\n     [\"BMW Group Report 2020\"](https:\/\/report.bmwgroup.com\/data\/pdf\/en\/BMW-Group-Bericht-2020-EN.pdf) (PDF). *BMW Group*. 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Retrieved 26 October 2017.\n149. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-roundel201504_149-0)**\n     \"BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports\". *[Roundel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roundel_\$magazine\$ \"Roundel (magazine)\")*. [BMW Car Club of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW_Car_Club_of_America \"BMW Car Club of America\"): 30. April 2015. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0889-3225](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0889-3225).\n150. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-BMWfactory_150-0)**\n     [\"Production\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191227225722\/https:\/\/www.bmwgroup-plants.com\/spartanburg\/en\/our-plant\/site-infos.html). BMW Manufacturing Co. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bmwgroup-plants.com\/spartanburg\/en\/our-plant\/site-infos.html) on 27 December 2019. 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[Интерфакс](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81 \"Интерфакс\"). 1 March 2022.\n158. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-158)**\n     [\"Los 50 del 2002\"](https:\/\/motorsports.com.uy\/2018\/11\/los-50-del-2002.html). *Motorsports El País* (in Spanish). 8 November 2018.\n159. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-159)**\n     [\"Primer aniversario de la partida física de José Arijón Rama\"](https:\/\/www.elpais.com.uy\/informacion\/primer-aniversario-de-la-partida-fisica-de-jose-arijon-rama). *El País* (in Spanish). 29 April 2019.\n160. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-160)**\n     [\"The Otto's Story\"](http:\/\/www.bmwottos.ca\/en\/ottos_story.php). *www.bmwottos.ca*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171028093821\/http:\/\/www.bmwottos.ca\/en\/ottos_story.php) from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.\n161. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-161)**\n     [\"In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100\"](https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/globe-drive\/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw\/article29032892\/). *www.theglobeandmail.com*. 7 March 2016. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180319230610\/https:\/\/beta.theglobeandmail.com\/globe-drive\/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw\/article29032892\/) from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2017.\n162. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-162)**\n     [\"History of BMW Canada\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171028094453\/https:\/\/www.bmwlondon.ca\/history-bmw-canada\/). *www.bmwlondon.ca*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bmwlondon.ca\/history-bmw-canada\/) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.\n163. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-163)**\n     [\"About BMW Japan Corp\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171028093401\/http:\/\/bmwcareer.jp\/en\/bmwjapan\/). *www.bmwcareer.jp*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/bmwcareer.jp\/en\/bmwjapan\/) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.\n164. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-164)**\n     [\"BMW Philippines\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200304103746\/https:\/\/www.bmw.com.ph\/en\/index.html). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bmw.com.ph\/en\/index.html) on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.\n165. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-165)**\n     [\"Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019\"](https:\/\/www.autoindustriya.com\/auto-industry-news\/philippine-auto-industry-sold-416-637-units-in-2019.html). autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.\n166. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-166)**\n     [\"Introduction to BMW Korea\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190811181456\/https:\/\/www.bmw.co.kr\/ko\/discover\/corporation\/BMW-korea-introduction.html). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bmw.co.kr\/ko\/discover\/corporation\/BMW-korea-introduction.html) on 11 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.\n167. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-167)**\n     [\"BYD cements lead as Singapore's top-selling car brand as EV sales surge to 45% of new registrations\"](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/singapore\/byd-top-selling-car-brand-ev-sales-5878551). *CNA*. Retrieved 12 March 2026.\n168. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-168)**\n     [\"BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)\"](https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2019-12-04-bmw-apple-carplay-waives-subscription-fee.html). *Engadget*. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n169. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-169)**\n     Estrada, Zac (16 January 2018). [\"Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2018\/1\/16\/16897326\/bmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n170. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-170)**\n     Vincent, James (12 July 2022). [\"BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for \\$18 a month\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2022\/7\/12\/23204950\/bmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n171. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BMW#cite_ref-171)**\n     Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023). [\"BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/9\/7\/23863258\/bmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction). *The Verge*. Retrieved 14 January 2025.\n\n- Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006). *Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916* \\[*The BMW Company since 1916*\\] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3932169468](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3932169468 \"Special:BookSources\/3932169468\")\n  \n  .\n- Hodges, David (2000). *BMW*. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [0750921447](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0750921447 \"Special:BookSources\/0750921447\")\n  \n  .\n- Kiley, David (2004). [*Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0\/mode\/2up). John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-0-471-26920-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-26920-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-26920-5\")\n  \n  .\n- Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). *BMW: Typen und Geschichte* \\[*BMW: Types and History*\\] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3768814203](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3768814203 \"Special:BookSources\/3768814203\")\n  \n  .\n- Lewin, Tony (2022). *BMW Century* (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9780760373774](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780760373774 \"Special:BookSources\/9780760373774\")\n  \n  .\n- Noakes, Andrew (2010). *The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo*. Bath: Parragon Books. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9781407549781](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781407549781 \"Special:BookSources\/9781407549781\")\n  \n  .\n- [Schrader, Halwart](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halwart_Schrader \"de:Halwart Schrader\") \\[in German\\] (2011). *BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion* \\[*BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection*\\] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9783613033788](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783613033788 \"Special:BookSources\/9783613033788\")\n  \n  .\n- ———————— (2016). *BMW: Von 1981 bis heute* \\[*BMW: From 1981 to today*\\]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9783613038721](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9783613038721 \"Special:BookSources\/9783613038721\")\n  \n  .\n- Werner, Constanze (2006). *Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW* \\[*War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW*\\] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [3486577921](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3486577921 \"Special:BookSources\/3486577921\")\n  \n  .\n\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [BMW](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BMW \"commons:Category:BMW\").\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.bmw.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q26678#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\")","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW
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Boilerpipe Text	This article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see BMW (disambiguation) . Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Corporate logotype since 2021 BMW Headquarters in Munich, Germany Company type Public Traded as FWB : BMW DAX component Industry Automotive Predecessors Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik Rapp Motorenwerke Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach Founded March 7, 1916 ; 110 years ago (official date) 1922 ; 104 years ago ( de facto date) Founders Camillo Castiglioni Franz Josef Popp [ 1 ] Headquarters Germany Area served Worldwide Key people Oliver Zipse (chairman of management board) Nicolas Peter (chairman of supervisory board) Products Cars motorcycles bicycles Production output 2,661,922 cars (2023) 221,988 motorcycles (2023) [ 2 ] Brands Automobiles BMW ( i , M , X , Z , Alpina ) Mini Rolls-Royce Motorcycles BMW Motorrad Services Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services Revenue € 155.50 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Operating income €17.096 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Net income €12.165 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Total assets €250.89 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Total equity €92.923 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Owners Stefan Quandt (25.8%) Susanne Klatten (20.9%) Public (53.4%) [ 3 ] Number of employees 157,000 (2024) [ 4 ] Website bmwgroup .com (corporate) bmw .com (brand) Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft ( BMW AG ), [ 5 ] trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW ( German pronunciation: [ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː] ⓘ ), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works ), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich , Germany. The moniker, " BMW ", first came into use when the German firm Rapp Motorenwerke changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (formerly Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik ), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] BMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, Mini , and Rolls-Royce brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the BMW Motorrad brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone) [ 8 ] as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue. [ 9 ] In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the Forbes Global 2000 . [ 10 ] The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in touring cars , sports cars , and the Isle of Man TT . BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry. BMW AG is headquartered in Munich and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China. [ 11 ] The Quandt family [ de ] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers Herbert and Harald Quandt in 1959 which saved BMW from bankruptcy , with remaining shares owned by the public . Sports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world. Historic sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954). Top-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition. Team managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers. BMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW). The name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year. BMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the BMW 801 aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers. [ 12 ] These consisted primarily of prisoners from Nazi concentration camps , most prominently Dachau . Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether. BMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the BMW 501 luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper Isetta microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] A large investment in BMW by Herbert Quandt and Harald Quandt resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. Günther Quandt was a well-known German industrialist and joined the Nazi Party in 1933; he made a fortune arming the Wehrmacht , manufacturing weapons and batteries. [ 15 ] Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all. [ 16 ] One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the Nazi era by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW. [ 12 ] The relative success of the small BMW 700 assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans. 1972 BMW 5 Series (1st generation) The 1962 introduction of the BMW New Class compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The BMW 5 Series mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the BMW 3 Series compact sedans in 1975, the BMW 6 Series luxury coupés in 1976 and the BMW 7 Series large luxury sedans in 1978. The BMW M division released its first road car, the M1 , a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the BMW M5 in 1984 and the BMW M3 in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 BMW Z1 marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 BMW Z3 was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 BMW X5 was the company's first entry into the SUV market. The company purchased the Rover Group in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from Vickers . BMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units [ 18 ] of a turbocharged BMW M10 engine for the BMW 02 Series ), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 , and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the BMW i3 city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric BMW 1602 Elektro saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games). [ 19 ] After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) . In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services. [ 20 ] In August 2019, Oliver Zipse replaced Harald Krüger as the head of the BMW Group. [ 21 ] In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands. [ 22 ] This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns. [ 23 ] On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12", [ 25 ] the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine. [ 25 ] On 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring. [ 26 ] In September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3. [ 27 ] In January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in research and development (R&D) in 2025. [ 28 ] BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke . This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, Bayerische Motorenwerke ( German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɪʃə moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə] ⓘ ) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Bayerische Motorenwerke translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works . [ 31 ] The suffix AG, short for Aktiengesellschaft , signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., "Incorporated" (US) or PLC, "Public Limited Company" (UK). The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as slang for BMW in the English language [ 32 ] [ 33 ] and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] [ 36 ] The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo, [ 37 ] an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the coat of arms and flag of Bavaria (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic House of Wittelsbach , which ruled Bavaria for many centuries). [ 37 ] The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos. [ 38 ] A persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years. [ 37 ] [ 39 ] The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020, [ 40 ] removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Logo used in vehicles since 1997 The logo on a BMW car Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020 The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974, [ 43 ] [ 44 ] and first used in ads celebrating their win at the 1975 12 Hours of Sebring . [ 45 ] In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'. [ 46 ] In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the Madrid System as 2nd in the world, with 124 trademarks applications submitted during 2023. [ 47 ] Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942) Fritz Hille (1942–1945) Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952) Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960) Herbert Quandt (1960–1970) [ 48 ] Eberhard von Kuenheim (1970–1993) [ 49 ] Bernd Pischetsrieder (1993–1999) Joachim Milberg (1999–2002) [ 50 ] Helmut Panke (2002–2006) [ 51 ] Norbert Reithofer (2006–2015) [ 52 ] Harald Krüger (2015–2019) [ 53 ] Oliver Zipse (2019–2026) [ 54 ] Milan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026) [ 55 ] Sales by region (2024) [ 56 ] Region share Rest of Europe 28.8% China 22.3% United States 19.0% Germany 13.9% Rest of Asia 10.4% Rest of Americas 3.4% Rest of the World 2.2% Sales by business unit (2024) [ 56 ] Region share Automotive 75.0% Financial services 23.1% Motorcycles 1.9% The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31): [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] Year Revenue (€ bn) Net income (€ bn) Total assets (€ bn) Number of sold cars (m) [ 61 ] Employees (k) 2007 56.0 3.1 88.9 1.5 107 2008 53.1 0.32 101 1.4 100 2009 50.6 0.20 101 1.2 96.2 2010 60.4 3.2 108 1.4 95.4 2011 68.8 4.8 123 1.6 100 2012 76.8 5.0 131 1.8 105 2013 76.0 5.3 138 1.9 110 2014 80.4 5.7 154 2.1 116 2015 92.1 6.3 172 2.2 122 2016 94.1 6.8 188 2.3 124 2017 98.6 8.6 193 2.4 129 2018 97.4 7.1 208 2.4 134 2019 104 4.9 241 2.5 133 2020 98.9 3.7 216 2.3 120 2021 111 12.3 229 2.5 118 2022 142 17.9 246 2.3 146 2023 155 11.2 250 2.5 152 2024 142 7.3 268 2.5 157 The R32 motorcycle , the first BMW motor vehicle , at the BMW Museum in Munich The 2015 BMW R1200RT BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I. [ 62 ] Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad . Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the " R32 " in 1923, though production originally began in 1921. [ 63 ] This had a " boxer " twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series . The entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory. During the Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle with a motor-driven sidecar attached. Combined with a lockable differential , the vehicle was very capable off-road. [ 64 ] In 1982 came the K Series , with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax engines. In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became known as the oilhead . In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the R1200GS , compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous R1150GS . More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively. In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of electronic stability control , or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an Earles fork , front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called swinging arm ). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking. [ 65 ] BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna Motorcycles for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety. [ 66 ] The design of the bike was inspired by the company's BMW R1200 GS model. [ 67 ] The current model lines of BMW cars are: 1 Series five-door hatchbacks (model code F70 ). 2 Series two-door coupes (model code G42 ), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs ( U06 ), four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans (model code F74 ) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ( F78 ). 3 Series four-door sedans (model code G20 ), five-door station wagons ( G21 ) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ( G28 ). 4 Series two-door coupes (model code G22 ), two-door convertibles (model code G23 ) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code G26 ). 5 Series four-door sedans (model code G60 ), five-door station wagons ( G61 ) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ( G68 ). 7 Series four-door sedans (model code G70 ). 8 Series two-door convertibles (model code G14 ), two-door coupes ( G15 ) and four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans ( G16 ). 1 Series ( F70 ) 2 Series Gran Coupé ( F74 ) 2 Series ( G42 ) 3 Series ( G20 ) 4 Series ( G22 ) 5 Series ( G60 ) 7 Series ( G70 ) 8 Series ( G15 ) The current model lines of the X Series SUVs and crossovers are: X1 ( U11 ) X2 ( U10 ) X3 ( G45 ) X5 ( G05 ) X6 ( G06 ) X7 ( G07 ) XM ( G09 ) The current model line of the Z Series two-door roadsters is the Z4 (model code G29 ). All-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are sold under the BMW i sub-brand. The current model range consists of: i3 D-segment (compact) sedan, exclusive to China i4 D-segment (compact) liftback i5 E-segment (executive) sedan i7 F-segment (full-size) sedan iX1 C-segment (subcompact) SUV iX2 C-segment (subcompact) SUV iX3 D-segment (compact) SUV iX E-segment (mid-size) SUV In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as iPerformance models. Examples include the 225xe using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the 330e / 530e using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor, [ 68 ] [ 69 ] and the 550e / 750e using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor. [ 69 ] [ 70 ] Also, crossover and SUV plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: X1 xDrive25e , X2 xDrive25e , X3 xDrive30e , and X5 xDrive40e . [ 71 ] The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978. As of November 2024 , the M lineup is: [ 72 ] [ failed verification ] M2 two-door coupe M3 four-door sedan and five-door station wagon M4 two-door coupe/convertible M5 four-door sedan and five-door station wagon M8 two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan X5 M mid-size SUV [ 73 ] X6 M mid-size coupe SUV [ 74 ] XM Large SUV [ 75 ] The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the F20 M140i model, the G11 M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar. Naming convention for models [ edit ] BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including: Touring cars , such as DTM , WTCC , ETCC and BTCC Formula One Endurance racing, such as 24 Hours Nürburgring , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Daytona and Spa 24 Hours Isle of Man TT Dakar Rally American Le Mans Series IMSA SportsCar Championship Formula BMW , a junior racing Formula category Formula Two Formula E Superbike World Championship Involvement in the arts [ edit ] BMW Headquarters The global BMW Headquarters in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a four-cylinder engine . It was designed by Karl Schwanzer and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon [ 76 ] and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower. BMW Museum is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972. [ 77 ] The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo. BMW Welt , the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer. [ 78 ] BMW Museum BMW Welt In 1975, sculptor Alexander Calder was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including David Hockney , Jenny Holzer , Roy Lichtenstein , Robert Rauschenberg , Frank Stella , and Andy Warhol . [ 76 ] To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created. 1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder 1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol BMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with Art Basel , and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work. [ 79 ] [ 80 ] BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at various Guggenheim museums , though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] In 2012, BMW began sponsoring Independent Collectors production of the BMW Art Guide , which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide. [ 83 ] The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries. [ 84 ] Production and sales [ edit ] Spot welding 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries: Germany: Munich, Dingolfing , Regensburg and Leipzig United States: Spartanburg [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Mexico: San Luis Potosí [ 87 ] China: Shenyang South Africa: Rosslyn BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock-down (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India. [ 88 ] In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak. [ 89 ] The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens. By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes. [ 92 ] On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail. [ 93 ] Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports: [ 91 ] Annual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports: * In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include Husqvarna models. ** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units. In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues. [ 94 ] In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe. [ 95 ] Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads. [ 96 ] This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers, [ 97 ] leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company. [ 98 ] Industry collaboration [ edit ] BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions: McLaren Automotive : BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the McLaren F1 . [ 99 ] [ 100 ] Groupe PSA (predecessor to Stellantis ): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004. [ 101 ] Daimler Benz : Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the ActiveHybrid 7 . [ 102 ] [ 103 ] Development of automated driving technology. [ 104 ] Toyota : Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop fuel cell technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 BMW Z4 (G29) and Toyota Supra ) and research lithium-air batteries . [ 105 ] [ 106 ] [ 107 ] Audi and Mercedes : Joint purchase of Nokia's Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps) in 2015. [ 108 ] In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions. [ 109 ] BMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the United States Olympic Committee in July 2010. [ 110 ] [ 111 ] In golf, BMW has sponsored various events, [ 112 ] including the PGA Championship since 2007, [ 113 ] [ 114 ] the Italian Open from 2009 to 2012, the BMW Masters in China from 2012 to 2015 [ 115 ] [ 116 ] and the BMW International Open in Munich since 1989. [ 117 ] In rugby , BMW sponsored the South Africa national rugby union team from 2011 to 2015. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] Car-sharing services [ edit ] DriveNow was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012, [ 120 ] DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers. [ 121 ] In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity. [ 122 ] [ 123 ] The ReachNow car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016. [ 124 ] ReachNow currently operates in Seattle , Portland and Brooklyn . In 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car subscription service for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in Nashville , Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was "suspended". [ 125 ] Overseas subsidiaries [ edit ] Production facilities [ edit ] The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and Brilliance Auto . [ 126 ] [ 127 ] The plant was opened in the Shenyang industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang. [ 130 ] Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores. [ 131 ] On 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China. [ 53 ] In February 2022, BMW invested an additional $4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China. [ 132 ] In June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros). [ 133 ] The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor Olaf Scholz 's visit to China. [ 134 ] On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near Debrecen , will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year. [ 135 ] In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of San Luis Potosí involving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually. [ 136 ] The Mini Convertible, Mini Countryman and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the VDL Nedcar factory in Born up until its closure on February 16, 2024. [ 137 ] [ 138 ] [ 139 ] The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar. [ 140 ] Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020. [ 141 ] BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968, [ 142 ] when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn , near Pretoria . BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa , the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as Ford and GM , which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa . Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left-hand drive for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America. Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created for the South African market were the E23 M745i (1983), which used the M88 engine from the BMW M1 , the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre M30 engine to the E30 , [ 143 ] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an Alpina -derived 2.7-litre engine. The plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is "N". [ 144 ] BMW Zentrum museum in Spartanburg , South Carolina BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956 [ 145 ] and manufactured in the United States since 1994. [ 146 ] The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975. [ 147 ] In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States. [ 148 ] The manufacturing plant in Greer, South Carolina has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide, [ 149 ] currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day. [ 150 ] The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the X3 , X4 , X5 , X6 , X7 and XM SUV models. In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America. Complete knock-down assembly facilities [ edit ] On 9 October 2014, BMW's new complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Araquari , assembled its first car— an F30 3 Series. [ 151 ] [ 152 ] The cars assembled at Araquari are the F20 1 Series, F30 3 Series, F48 X1, F25 X3 and Mini Countryman. [ 153 ] Bavarian Auto Group became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from complete knock-down components at the BMW plant in Cairo. [ 153 ] BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in Gurugram . A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in Chennai in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models. [ 153 ] [ 154 ] The 20 Million Euro plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year. PT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in Central Jakarta . It was managed by PT. Astra International . 10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion Indonesian rupiah to expand its production, by establish the complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Gaya Motor 's production facility in Sunter, Jakarta . the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market 2 Series (gran coupé) , 3 Series (sedan) , 5 Series (sedan) , 7 Series , X1 , X3 , X5 , X7 , and Mini Countryman . BMW's complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Kedah . Assembled Malaysia-market 1 Series , 3 Series , 5 Series , 7 Series , X1 , X3 , X4 , X5 , X6 and Mini Countryman since 2008. [ 155 ] Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in Kaliningrad beginning in 1999. [ 156 ] In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine . [ 157 ] In Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the 1600 , 2002 , 3 Series and 5 Series , totalling 12,000 units. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa , was opened in 1969. [ 160 ] In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada. [ 161 ] BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008. [ 162 ] BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan. [ 163 ] BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation , is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines. [ 164 ] BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019. [ 165 ] BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near Incheon International Airport . 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Retrieved 26 October 2017 . ^ "Company - History" . www.bmwgroup.com . Archived from the original on 26 October 2017 . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . ^ "This is how BMW became the top selling luxury car company in the U.S." www.fortune.com . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "Sales by Manufacturer" . www.edmunds.com . Archived from the original on 26 October 2017 . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . ^ "BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports". Roundel . BMW Car Club of America : 30. April 2015. ISSN 0889-3225 . ^ "Production" . BMW Manufacturing Co. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019 . Retrieved 27 December 2019 . ^ "BMW Group assembles first car in Brazil" . press.bmwgroup.com. 9 October 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014 . Retrieved 21 December 2014 . ^ "BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US" . www.just-auto.com . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ a b c "BMW: Global growth" . www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "International BMW website" . Bmw.in. 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ "BMW: Global growth" . Automotive Manufacturing Solutions . Archived from the original on 11 October 2019 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "Production of new BMW 5 series begins in Kaliningrad" . Pravda.Ru . 29 March 2004. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. ^ "BMW приостанавливает производство и импорт автомобилей в Россию" (in Russian). Интерфакс . 1 March 2022. ^ "Los 50 del 2002" . Motorsports El País (in Spanish). 8 November 2018. ^ "Primer aniversario de la partida física de José Arijón Rama" . El País (in Spanish). 29 April 2019. ^ "The Otto's Story" . www.bmwottos.ca . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100" . www.theglobeandmail.com . 7 March 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "History of BMW Canada" . www.bmwlondon.ca . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "About BMW Japan Corp" . www.bmwcareer.jp . Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . ^ "BMW Philippines" . Archived from the original on 4 March 2020 . Retrieved 8 March 2020 . ^ "Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019" . autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020 . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ "Introduction to BMW Korea" . Archived from the original on 11 August 2019 . Retrieved 12 August 2019 . ^ "BYD cements lead as Singapore's top-selling car brand as EV sales surge to 45% of new registrations" . CNA . Retrieved 12 March 2026 . ^ "BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)" . Engadget . 4 December 2019 . Retrieved 14 January 2025 . ^ Estrada, Zac (16 January 2018). "Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?" . The Verge . Retrieved 14 January 2025 . ^ Vincent, James (12 July 2022). "BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for $18 a month" . The Verge . Retrieved 14 January 2025 . ^ Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023). "BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats" . The Verge . Retrieved 14 January 2025 . Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006). Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916 [ The BMW Company since 1916 ] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3932169468 . Hodges, David (2000). BMW . Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0750921447 . Kiley, David (2004). Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-26920-5 . Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). BMW: Typen und Geschichte [ BMW: Types and History ] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768814203 . Lewin, Tony (2022). BMW Century (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. ISBN 9780760373774 . Noakes, Andrew (2010). The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo . Bath: Parragon Books. ISBN 9781407549781 . Schrader, Halwart [in German] (2011). BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion [ BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection ] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613033788 . ———————— (2016). BMW: Von 1981 bis heute [ BMW: From 1981 to today ]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613038721 . Werner, Constanze (2006). Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW [ War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW ] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. ISBN 3486577921 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to BMW . Official website
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=BMW "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=BMW "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") Personal tools - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=BMW "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=BMW "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW) - [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#History) Toggle History subsection - [1\.1 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#21st_century) - [2 Branding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Branding) Toggle Branding subsection - [2\.1 Company name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Company_name) - [2\.2 Logo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Logo) - [2\.3 Slogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Slogan) - [2\.4 Marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Marks) - [3 Leadership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Leadership) - [4 Corporate affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Corporate_affairs) - [5 Motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Motorcycles) - [6 Automobiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Automobiles) Toggle Automobiles subsection - [6\.1 Current models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Current_models) - [6\.1.1 i models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#i_models) - [6\.1.2 M models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#M_models) - [6\.2 Naming convention for models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Naming_convention_for_models) - [7 Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Motorsport) - [8 Involvement in the arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Involvement_in_the_arts) Toggle Involvement in the arts subsection - [8\.1 Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Architecture) - [8\.2 Art Cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Art_Cars) - [8\.3 Visual arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Visual_arts) - [9 Production and sales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Production_and_sales) - [10 Recalls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Recalls) - [11 Industry collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Industry_collaboration) - [12 Sponsorships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Sponsorships) - [13 Car-sharing services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Car-sharing_services) - [14 Overseas subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Overseas_subsidiaries) Toggle Overseas subsidiaries subsection - [14\.1 Production facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Production_facilities) - [14\.1.1 China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#China) - [14\.1.2 Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Hungary) - [14\.1.3 Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Mexico) - [14\.1.4 Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Netherlands) - [14\.1.5 South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#South_Africa) - [14\.1.6 United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#United_States) - [14\.2 Complete knock-down assembly facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities) - [14\.2.1 Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Brazil) - [14\.2.2 Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Egypt) - [14\.2.3 India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#India) - [14\.2.4 Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Indonesia) - [14\.2.5 Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Malaysia) - [14\.2.6 Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Russia) - [14\.2.7 Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Uruguay) - [14\.3 Vehicle importers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Vehicle_importers) - [14\.3.1 Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Canada) - [14\.3.2 Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Japan) - [14\.3.3 Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Philippines) - [14\.3.4 Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Korea) - [14\.3.5 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Singapore) - [15 Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Criticism) - [16 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#See_also) - [17 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#References) - [18 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Further_reading) - [19 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # BMW 107 languages - [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Afrikaans") - [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Aragonese") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88 "بي إم دبليو – Arabic") - [الدارجة](https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%A4%D9%8A "بي إم دوبلڤي – Moroccan Arabic") - [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88 "بى ام دبليو – Egyptian Arabic") - [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Asturian") - [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Azerbaijani") - [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88 "بی ام و – South Azerbaijani") - [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Bavarian") - [Žemaitėška](https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Samogitian") - [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 "БМВ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Belarusian") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 "БМВ – Bulgarian") - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89 "বিএমডব্লিউ – Bangla") - [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Bosnian") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Catalan") - [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88 "بی ئێم دەبلیوو – Central Kurdish") - [Corsu](https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Corsican") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Czech") - [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Welsh") - [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Danish") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – German") - [Zazaki](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Dimli") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Greek") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Estonian") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%88 "ب‌ام‌و – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Finnish") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_BMW "Groupe BMW – French") - [Nordfriisk](https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Northern Frisian") - [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Irish") - [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Galician") - [Hausa](https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Hausa") - [客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî](https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Hakka Chinese") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Hebrew") - [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82_$BMW$ "बीएमडब्लू (BMW) – Hindi") - [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Croatian") - [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Hungarian") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Armenian") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Indonesian") - [Interlingue](https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Interlingue") - [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Icelandic") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Japanese") - [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Javanese") - [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Georgian") - [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Kara-Kalpak") - [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Kazakh") - [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82 "ಬಿಎಂಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ – Kannada") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Korean") - [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Kurdish") - [Кыргызча](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Kyrgyz") - [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Luxembourgish") - [Ladin](https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Ladin") - [Lingála](https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Lingala") - [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Lithuanian") - [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Latvian") - [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Malagasy") - [Minangkabau](https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Minangkabau") - [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92 "БМВ – Macedonian") - [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81. "ബി.എം.ഡബ്ല്യു. – Malayalam") - [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Mongolian") - [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82 "बीएमडब्ल्यू – Marathi") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Malay") - [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0 "ဘီအမ်ဒဗလျူ – Burmese") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Dutch") - [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Norwegian Nynorsk") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Polish") - [Piemontèis](https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Piedmontese") - [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88 "بی ایم ڈبلیو – Western Punjabi") - [پښتو](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88 "ب ام و – Pashto") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Portuguese") - [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Quechua") - [Rumantsch](https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Romansh") - [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Romanian") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Russian") - [संस्कृतम्](https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82 "बि एम् डब्ल्यू – Sanskrit") - [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Yakut") - [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Scots") - [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Serbo-Croatian") - [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A "බී එම් ඩබ්ලිව් – Sinhala") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Simple English") - [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Slovak") - [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Slovenian") - [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Albanian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Serbian") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Swedish") - [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Swahili") - [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82 "பி.எம்.டபிள்யூ – Tamil") - [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Tajik") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9 "บีเอ็มดับเบิลยู – Thai") - [Tolışi](https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Talysh") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Turkish") - [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Tatar") - [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8_%D9%85_%DB%8B "ب م ۋ – Uyghur") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Ukrainian") - [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88 "بی ایم ڈبلیو – Urdu") - [Vèneto](https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Venetian") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Vietnamese") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E9%A9%AC "宝马 – Wu") - [Zeêuws](https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Zeelandic") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E9%A6%AC_$%E8%BB%8A$ "寶馬 (車) – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "BMW – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26678#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:BMW "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/BMW "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/BMW "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]") - [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&oldid=1346768780 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") - [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=info "More information about this page") - [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=BMW&id=1346768780&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") - [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBMW) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=BMW&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BMW_Group) - [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/BMW) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26678 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia German automotive manufacturer This article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see [BMW (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_$disambiguation$ "BMW (disambiguation)"). \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg/250px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg)Corporate logotype since 2021 \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg/250px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4_cilindros_de_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania1.jpg)[BMW Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") in Munich, Germany \| \| \| Company type \| [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") \| \| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") \| [FWB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange "Frankfurt Stock Exchange"): [BMW](https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/BMW) [DAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX "DAX") component \| \| Industry \| [Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry "Automotive industry") \| \| Predecessors \| [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik "Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik") [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") [Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach "Automobilwerk Eisenach") \| \| Founded \| March 7, 1916; 110 years ago (1916-03-07) (official date)1922; 104 years ago (1922) (de facto date) \| \| Founders \| [Camillo Castiglioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Castiglioni "Camillo Castiglioni") [Franz Josef Popp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Josef_Popp "Franz Josef Popp") [\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-1) \| \| Headquarters \| Germany \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Key people \| [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") (chairman of management board) [Nicolas Peter](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Peter) (chairman of supervisory board) \| \| Products \| [Cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car "Car") [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") [bicycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle "Bicycle") \| \| Production output \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 2,661,922 cars (2023) ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 221,988 motorcycles (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| Brands \| Automobiles [BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Automobiles) ([i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i"), [M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M"), [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X "BMW X"), [Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z"), [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina")) [Mini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)") [Rolls-Royce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") Motorcycles [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") \| \| Services \| Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services \| \| Revenue \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) [€](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro "Euro")155\.50 [billion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_$short_scale$ "Billion (short scale)") (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €17.096 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €12.165 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €250.89 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_$finance$ "Equity (finance)") \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €92.923 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| Owners \| [Stefan Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Quandt "Stefan Quandt") (25.8%) [Susanne Klatten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Klatten "Susanne Klatten") (20.9%) [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public "Public") (53.4%)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-3) \| \| Number of employees \| 157,000 (2024)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html-4) \| \| Website \| [bmwgroup.com](http://bmwgroup.com/) (corporate) [bmw.com](http://bmw.com/) (brand) \| Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW AG),[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-5) trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (German pronunciation: [\[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German "Help:IPA/Standard German") [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De-BMW.ogg "File:De-BMW.ogg")), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of [luxury vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_car "Luxury car") and [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") headquartered in [Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich "Munich"), Germany. The moniker, "BMW ", first came into use when the German firm [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (formerly [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik "Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik")), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lewin2016-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-History-7) BMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, [Mini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)"), and [Rolls-Royce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's [ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automotive_manufacturers_by_production "List of automotive manufacturers by production") (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-8) as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-9) In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the [Forbes Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-10) The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in [touring cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_car_racing "Touring car racing"), [sports cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car_racing "Sports car racing"), and the [Isle of Man TT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT "Isle of Man TT"). BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry. BMW AG is [headquartered in Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-11) The [Quandt family](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quandt_$family$&action=edit&redlink=1 "Quandt (family) (page does not exist)") \[[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quandt_$Familie$ "de:Quandt (Familie)")\] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers [Herbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Quandt "Herbert Quandt") and [Harald Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Quandt "Harald Quandt") in 1959 which saved BMW from [bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy "Bankruptcy"), with remaining shares owned by [the public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_float "Public float"). ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\] Main article: [History of BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW "History of BMW") Sports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world. Historic sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954). Top-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition. Team managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers. BMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW). The name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year. BMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the [BMW 801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_801 "BMW 801") aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) These consisted primarily of prisoners from [Nazi concentration camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps "Nazi concentration camps"), most prominently [Dachau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachau "Dachau"). Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether. BMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the [BMW 501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_501 "BMW 501") luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper [Isetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isetta "Isetta") microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-14) A large investment in BMW by [Herbert Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Quandt "Herbert Quandt") and [Harald Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Quandt "Harald Quandt") resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. [Günther Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Quandt "Günther Quandt") was a well-known German industrialist and joined the [Nazi Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party "Nazi Party") in 1933; he made a fortune arming the [Wehrmacht](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht "Wehrmacht"), manufacturing weapons and batteries.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-15) Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16) One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-17) While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the [Nazi era](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany "Nazi Germany") by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) The relative success of the small [BMW 700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_700 "BMW 700") assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/250px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg) 1972 [BMW 5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E12$ "BMW 5 Series (E12)") (1st generation) The 1962 introduction of the [BMW New Class](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class "BMW New Class") compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The [BMW 5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the [BMW 3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") compact sedans in 1975, the [BMW 6 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series") luxury coupés in 1976 and the [BMW 7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") large luxury sedans in 1978. The [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") division released its first road car, the [M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1"), a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the [BMW M5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M5 "BMW M5") in 1984 and the [BMW M3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3 "BMW M3") in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 [BMW Z1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z1 "BMW Z1") marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 [BMW Z3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z3 "BMW Z3") was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 [BMW X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$E53$ "BMW X5 (E53)") was the company's first entry into the SUV market. The company purchased the [Rover Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_Group "Rover Group") in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from [Vickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers "Vickers"). ### 21st century \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: 21st century")\] BMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-18) of a turbocharged [BMW M10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M10 "BMW M10") engine for the [BMW 02 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series")), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 [BMW ActiveHybrid 7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)"), and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the [BMW i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i3_$hatchback$ "BMW i3 (hatchback)") city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric [BMW 1602 Elektro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series") saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-19) After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first [front-wheel drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-wheel_drive "Front-wheel drive") car was the 2014 [BMW 2 Series Active Tourer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") [multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivan "Minivan"). In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-20) In August 2019, [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") replaced [Harald Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger "Harald Krüger") as the head of the BMW Group.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-21) In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-22) This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-24) Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23) On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12",[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) On 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-26) In September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-27) In January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in [research and development (R\&D)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development") in 2025.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-28) ## Branding \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Branding")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg/250px-BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg) BMW badge on a 1931 [Dixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Dixi "BMW Dixi") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bavaria_$lozengy$.svg) [Flag of Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bavaria "Flag of Bavaria") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg/250px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg) 1970 [Garmisch concept](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Garmisch "BMW Garmisch") ### Company name \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Company name")\] BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, Bayerische Motorenwerke (German pronunciation: [\[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German "Help:IPA/Standard German") [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GT_BMW-AG.ogg "File:GT BMW-AG.ogg")) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-30) Bayerische Motorenwerke translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-31) The suffix AG, short for [Aktiengesellschaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft "Aktiengesellschaft"), signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., "Incorporated" (US) or PLC, "Public Limited Company" (UK). The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as [slang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang "Slang") for BMW in the English language[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-33) and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lighter1-34)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lighter2-35)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-36) ### Logo \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Logo")\] The circular blue and white BMW logo or [roundel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundel#Corporate_use "Roundel") evolved from the circular [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the [coat of arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bavaria "Coat of arms of Bavaria") and [flag of Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bavaria "Flag of Bavaria") (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic [House of Wittelsbach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach "House of Wittelsbach"), which [ruled Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria "List of rulers of Bavaria") for many centuries).[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-38) A persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-39) The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-40) removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-41)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-42) - [![Logo used in vehicles since 1997](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BMW.svg/250px-BMW.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW.svg "Logo used in vehicles since 1997") Logo used in vehicles since 1997 - [![The logo on a BMW car](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg/250px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Squircle_$120290377$.jpg "The logo on a BMW car") The logo on a BMW car - [![Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg/250px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_logo_$gray$.svg "Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020") Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020 ### Slogan \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Slogan")\] The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-44) and first used in ads celebrating their win at the [1975 12 Hours of Sebring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_12_Hours_of_Sebring "1975 12 Hours of Sebring").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-45) In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-46) ### Marks \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Marks")\] In 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization "World Intellectual Property Organization")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Protocol "Madrid Protocol") as 2nd in the world, with 124 [trademarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarks "Trademarks") applications submitted during 2023.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-47) ## Leadership \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Leadership")\] - Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942) - Fritz Hille (1942–1945) - Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952) - Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960) - Herbert Quandt (1960–1970)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-48) - [Eberhard von Kuenheim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberhard_von_Kuenheim "Eberhard von Kuenheim") (1970–1993)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-49) - [Bernd Pischetsrieder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder "Bernd Pischetsrieder") (1993–1999) - [Joachim Milberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Milberg "Joachim Milberg") (1999–2002)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-50) - [Helmut Panke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Panke "Helmut Panke") (2002–2006)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-51) - [Norbert Reithofer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Reithofer "Norbert Reithofer") (2006–2015)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-52) - [Harald Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger "Harald Krüger") (2015–2019)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:0-53) - [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") (2019–2026)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-54) - Milan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-55) ## Corporate affairs \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Corporate affairs")\] \| Region \| share \| \|---\|---\| \| Rest of Europe \| 28\.8% \| \| China \| 22\.3% \| \| United States \| 19\.0% \| \| Germany \| 13\.9% \| \| Rest of Asia \| 10\.4% \| \| Rest of Americas \| 3\.4% \| \| Rest of the World \| 2\.2% \| \| Region \| share \| \|---\|---\| \| Automotive \| 75\.0% \| \| Financial services \| 23\.1% \| \| Motorcycles \| 1\.9% \| The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-57)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-60) \| Year \| Revenue (€ bn) \| Net income (€ bn) \| Total assets (€ bn) \| Number of sold cars (m)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-61) \| Employees (k) \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2007 \| 56\.0 \| 3\.1 \| 88\.9 \| 1\.5 \| 107 \| \| 2008 \| 53\.1 \| 0\.32 \| 101 \| 1\.4 \| 100 \| \| 2009 \| 50\.6 \| 0\.20 \| 101 \| 1\.2 \| 96\.2 \| \| 2010 \| 60\.4 \| 3\.2 \| 108 \| 1\.4 \| 95\.4 \| \| 2011 \| 68\.8 \| 4\.8 \| 123 \| 1\.6 \| 100 \| \| 2012 \| 76\.8 \| 5\.0 \| 131 \| 1\.8 \| 105 \| \| 2013 \| 76\.0 \| 5\.3 \| 138 \| 1\.9 \| 110 \| \| 2014 \| 80\.4 \| 5\.7 \| 154 \| 2\.1 \| 116 \| \| 2015 \| 92\.1 \| 6\.3 \| 172 \| 2\.2 \| 122 \| \| 2016 \| 94\.1 \| 6\.8 \| 188 \| 2\.3 \| 124 \| \| 2017 \| 98\.6 \| 8\.6 \| 193 \| 2\.4 \| 129 \| \| 2018 \| 97\.4 \| 7\.1 \| 208 \| 2\.4 \| 134 \| \| 2019 \| 104 \| 4\.9 \| 241 \| 2\.5 \| 133 \| \| 2020 \| 98\.9 \| 3\.7 \| 216 \| 2\.3 \| 120 \| \| 2021 \| 111 \| 12\.3 \| 229 \| 2\.5 \| 118 \| \| 2022 \| 142 \| 17\.9 \| 246 \| 2\.3 \| 146 \| \| 2023 \| 155 \| 11\.2 \| 250 \| 2\.5 \| 152 \| \| 2024 \| 142 \| 7\.3 \| 268 \| 2\.5 \| 157 \| ## Motorcycles \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Motorcycles")\] See also: [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") and [History of BMW motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles "History of BMW motorcycles") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/R32-pn.jpg/250px-R32-pn.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R32-pn.jpg) The [R32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32 "BMW R32") [motorcycle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle"), the first BMW [motor vehicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle "Motor vehicle"), at the [BMW Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Museum "BMW Museum") in [Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich "Munich") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg/250px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_R1200RT_right.jpg) The 2015 [BMW R1200RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200RT "BMW R1200RT") BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-artof-62) Its motorcycle brand is now known as [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad"). Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "[R32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32 "BMW R32")" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-63) This had a "[boxer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-twin_engine "Flat-twin engine")" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the [R Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#R_series "History of BMW motorcycles"). The entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory. During the Second World War, BMW produced the [BMW R75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R75 "BMW R75") motorcycle with a motor-driven [sidecar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar "Sidecar") attached. Combined with a lockable [differential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_$mechanics$ "Differential (mechanics)"), the vehicle was very capable off-road.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-64) In 1982 came the [K Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200S "BMW K1200S"), with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven [F](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#F_series "History of BMW motorcycles") and [G](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#G_series "History of BMW motorcycles") series with single and parallel twin [Rotax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax "Rotax") engines. In the early 1990s, BMW updated the [airhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhead_$motorcycle$ "Airhead (motorcycle)") Boxer engine which became known as the [oilhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhead "Oilhead"). In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the [R1200GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200GS "BMW R1200GS"), compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous [R1150GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1150GS "BMW R1150GS"). More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively. In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. BMW introduced [anti-lock brakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system "Anti-lock braking system") on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of [electronic stability control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control "Electronic stability control"), or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an [Earles fork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earles_fork "Earles fork"), front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called [swinging arm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_arm "Swinging arm")). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-65) BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles "Husqvarna Motorcycles") for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-66) The design of the [bike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") was inspired by the company's [BMW R1200 GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200GS "BMW R1200GS") model.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-67) ## Automobiles \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Automobiles")\] ### Current models \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Current models")\] See also: [List of BMW vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles "List of BMW vehicles"), [Mini (marque)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)"), and [Rolls-Royce Motor Cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") The current model lines of BMW cars are: - [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series "BMW 1 Series") five-door hatchbacks (model code [F70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F70$ "BMW 1 Series (F70)")). - [2 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series "BMW 2 Series") two-door coupes (model code [G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$G42$ "BMW 2 Series (G42)")), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs ([U06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer")), four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans (model code [F74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([F78](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")). - [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")), five-door station wagons ([G21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G20 "BMW G20")). - [4 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series") two-door coupes (model code [G22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")), two-door convertibles (model code [G23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code [G26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")). - [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")), five-door station wagons ([G61](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G68](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G60 "BMW G60")). - [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)")). - [8 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series") two-door convertibles (model code [G14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G14$ "BMW 8 Series (G14)")), two-door coupes ([G15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")) and four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans ([G16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")). - [![1 Series (F70)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg/500px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_120_$F70$_IMG_0362.jpg "1 Series (F70)") 1 Series ([F70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F70$ "BMW 1 Series (F70)")) - [![2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg/330px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_220d_$F74$_DSC_7359.jpg "2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)") 2 Series Gran Coupé ([F74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")) - [![2 Series (G42)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg/500px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg "2 Series (G42)") 2 Series ([G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$G42$ "BMW 2 Series (G42)")) - [![3 Series (G20)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg "3 Series (G20)") 3 Series ([G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")) - [![4 Series (G22)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg/500px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg "4 Series (G22)") 4 Series ([G22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")) - [![5 Series (G60)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg/500px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg "5 Series (G60)") 5 Series ([G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")) - [![7 Series (G70)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg/500px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg "7 Series (G70)") 7 Series ([G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)")) - [![8 Series (G15)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg/500px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg "8 Series (G15)") 8 Series ([G15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")) The current model lines of the [X Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X "BMW X") SUVs and crossovers are: - [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1 "BMW X1") ([U11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$U11$ "BMW X1 (U11)")) - [X2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2 "BMW X2") ([U10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2 "BMW X2")) - [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3") ([G45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3")) - [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5 "BMW X5") ([G05](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)")) - [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6") ([G06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)")) - [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7") ([G07](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7_$G07$ "BMW X7 (G07)")) - [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") ([G09](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM_$G09$ "BMW XM (G09)")) - [![X1 (U11)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg/330px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg "X1 (U11)") X1 ([U11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$U11$ "BMW X1 (U11)")) - [![X2 (U10)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg/500px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg "X2 (U10)") X2 ([U10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2 "BMW X2")) - [![X3 (G45)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg/330px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg "X3 (G45)") X3 ([G45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3")) - [![X5 (G05)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg "X5 (G05)") X5 ([G05](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)")) - [![X6 (G06)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg/330px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg "X6 (G06)") X6 ([G06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)")) - [![X7 (G07)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg/330px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G07_$2022$_1X7A6450.jpg "X7 (G07)") X7 ([G07](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7_$G07$ "BMW X7 (G07)")) - [![XM (G09)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg/330px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_XM_$G09$_IMG_7778.jpg "XM (G09)") XM ([G09](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM")) The current model line of the [Z Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z") two-door roadsters is the Z4 (model code [G29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)")). - [![Z4 (G29)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg "Z4 (G29)") Z4 ([G29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)")) #### i models \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: i models")\] Main article: [BMW i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i") [All-electric vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-electric_vehicle "All-electric vehicle") and [plug-in hybrid vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle "Plug-in hybrid vehicle") are sold under the [BMW i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i") sub-brand. The current model range consists of: - [i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$#BMW_i3_$G28_BEV$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) sedan, exclusive to China - [i4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i4 "BMW i4") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) liftback - [i5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i5 "BMW i5") [E-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-segment "E-segment") (executive) sedan - [i7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i7 "BMW i7") [F-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-segment "F-segment") (full-size) sedan - [iX1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX1 "BMW iX1") [C-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-segment "C-segment") (subcompact) SUV - [iX2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX2 "BMW iX2") [C-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-segment "C-segment") (subcompact) SUV - [iX3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX3_$NA5$ "BMW iX3 (NA5)") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) SUV - [iX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX "BMW iX") [E-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-segment "E-segment") (mid-size) SUV - [![i3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i3_$G28$_China_$2$_$cropped$.jpg "i3") [i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$#BMW_i3_$G28_BEV$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)") - [![i4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg/500px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg "i4") [i4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i4 "BMW i4") - [![i5](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg/500px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg "i5") [i5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i5 "BMW i5") - [![i7](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg/330px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg "i7") [i7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i7 "BMW i7") - [![iX1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg/500px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg "iX1") [iX1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX1 "BMW iX1") - [![iX2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg/330px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg "iX2") [iX2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX2 "BMW iX2") - [![iX3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg/330px-BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg "iX3") [iX3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX3_$NA5$ "BMW iX3 (NA5)") - [![iX](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg/500px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg "iX") [iX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX "BMW iX") In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as iPerformance models. Examples include the [225xe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the [330e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$F30$#330e_iPerformance "BMW 3 Series (F30)")/[530e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#Powertrain "BMW 5 Series (G60)") using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-68)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:1-69) and the [550e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#Specifications "BMW 5 Series (G60)")/[750e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$#Specifications "BMW 7 Series (G70)") using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:1-69)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-70) Also, [crossover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_$automobile$ "Crossover (automobile)") and [SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV "SUV") plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: [X1 xDrive25e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_xDrive25e "BMW X1 xDrive25e"), [X2 xDrive25e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2_xDrive25e "BMW X2 xDrive25e"), [X3 xDrive30e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3_xDrive30e "BMW X3 xDrive30e"), and [X5 xDrive40e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_xDrive40e "BMW X5 xDrive40e").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-71) #### M models \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: M models")\] Main article: [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978. As of November 2024[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit), the M lineup is:[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-72)\[[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")\] - [M2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M2 "BMW M2") two-door coupe - [M3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3 "BMW M3") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon - [M4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M4 "BMW M4") two-door coupe/convertible - [M5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M5 "BMW M5") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon - [M8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M8 "BMW M8") two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan - [X5 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)") mid-size SUV[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-73) - [X6 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)") mid-size coupe SUV[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-74) - [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") Large SUV[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-75) - [![M2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg/330px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg "M2") [M2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M2 "BMW M2") - [![M3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/500px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg "M3") [M3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3 "BMW M3") - [![M4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg/500px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M4_$G82$_IMG_4183.jpg "M4") [M4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M4 "BMW M4") - [![M5](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg/330px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg "M5") [M5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M5 "BMW M5") - [![M8](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg/500px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg "M8") [M8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M8 "BMW M8") - [![X5 M](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg/330px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_X5_M_$G05$_IMG_3370.jpg "X5 M") [X5 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)") - [![X6 M](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg/330px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_X6_M_Competition_$G06$_IMG_3572.jpg "X6 M") [X6 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)") The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the [F20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F20$ "BMW 1 Series (F20)") M140i model, the [G11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G11$ "BMW 7 Series (G11)") M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar. ### Naming convention for models \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Naming convention for models")\] Main article: [List of BMW vehicles § Nomenclature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Nomenclature "List of BMW vehicles") ## Motorsport \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Motorsport")\] Further information: [BMW in motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport "BMW in motorsport") See also: [BMW M Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M_Motorsport "BMW M Motorsport") BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including: - [Touring cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_cars "Touring cars"), such as [DTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Meisterschaft "Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft"), [WTCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Touring_Car_Championship "World Touring Car Championship"), [ETCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Touring_Car_Championship "European Touring Car Championship") and [BTCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Touring_Car_Championship "British Touring Car Championship") - [Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One "BMW in Formula One") - Endurance racing, such as [24 Hours Nürburgring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgring "24 Hours Nürburgring"), [24 Hours of Le Mans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans "24 Hours of Le Mans"), [24 Hours of Daytona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Daytona "24 Hours of Daytona") and [Spa 24 Hours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa_24_Hours "Spa 24 Hours") - [Isle of Man TT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT "Isle of Man TT") - [Dakar Rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar_Rally "Dakar Rally") - [American Le Mans Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series "American Le Mans Series") - [IMSA SportsCar Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship "IMSA SportsCar Championship") - [Formula BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_BMW "Formula BMW"), a junior racing [Formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_racing "Formula racing") category - [Formula Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Two "Formula Two") - [Formula E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_E "Formula E") - [Superbike World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superbike_World_Championship "Superbike World Championship") - [![2016 BMW M4 DTM](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg/330px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:16_Timo_Glock_$27860673816$.jpg "2016 BMW M4 DTM") 2016 [BMW M4 DTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M4_DTM "BMW M4 DTM") - [![2016 BMW M6 GT3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg/330px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg "2016 BMW M6 GT3") 2016 [BMW M6 GT3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M6_GT3 "BMW M6 GT3") - [![2016 BMW S1000RR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg/330px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg "2016 BMW S1000RR") 2016 [BMW S1000RR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S1000RR "BMW S1000RR") - [![2007 BMW Sauber F1.07](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg/500px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg "2007 BMW Sauber F1.07") 2007 [BMW Sauber F1.07](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Sauber_F1.07 "BMW Sauber F1.07") ## Involvement in the arts \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: Involvement in the arts")\] ### Architecture \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: Architecture")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG/250px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_02.JPG) BMW Headquarters The global [BMW Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a [four-cylinder engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-four_engine "Straight-four engine"). It was designed by [Karl Schwanzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Schwanzer "Karl Schwanzer") and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower. [BMW Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Museum "BMW Museum") is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-77) The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo. [BMW Welt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Welt "BMW Welt"), the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by [Coop Himmelb(l)au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coop_Himmelb$l$au "Coop Himmelb(l)au") and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-78) - [![BMW Museum](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg/250px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg "BMW Museum") BMW Museum - [![BMW Welt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg/330px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Welt,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania,_2013-04-22,_DD_03.jpg "BMW Welt") BMW Welt ### Art Cars \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: Art Cars")\] Main article: [BMW Art Car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Art_Car "BMW Art Car") In 1975, sculptor [Alexander Calder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder "Alexander Calder") was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [Hervé Poulain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Poulain "Hervé Poulain") at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [David Hockney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hockney "David Hockney"), [Jenny Holzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Holzer "Jenny Holzer"), [Roy Lichtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein "Roy Lichtenstein"), [Robert Rauschenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg "Robert Rauschenberg"), [Frank Stella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Stella "Frank Stella"), and [Andy Warhol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol "Andy Warhol").[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created. - [![1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Calder_CSL.jpg/330px-Calder_CSL.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calder_CSL.jpg "1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder") 1975 [3\.0 CSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3.0_CSL "BMW 3.0 CSL") Art Car by Alexander Calder - [![1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BMW_M1.jpg/250px-BMW_M1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M1.jpg "1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol") 1979 [M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1") Art Car by Andy Warhol ### Visual arts \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: Visual arts")\] BMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with [Art Basel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Basel "Art Basel"), and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-80) BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 [The Art of the Motorcycle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Motorcycle "The Art of the Motorcycle") exhibition at various [Guggenheim museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Museums "List of Guggenheim Museums"), though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-82) In 2012, BMW began sponsoring [Independent Collectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Collectors "Independent Collectors") production of the BMW Art Guide, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-83) The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Borowik_Collection-84) ## Production and sales \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: Production and sales")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg) [Spot welding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_welding "Spot welding") 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries: - Germany: Munich, [Dingolfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing "BMW Group Plant Dingolfing"), Regensburg and Leipzig - United States: [Spartanburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States#Spartanburg_manufacturing_plant "BMW in the United States")[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-85)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-86) - Mexico: San Luis Potosí[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-87) - China: [Shenyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang "Shenyang") - South Africa: Rosslyn BMW also has local assembly operation using [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-88) In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-89) The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-90)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens. By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-92) On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-alcl1-93) Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) \| Year \| BMW \| MINI \| Rolls-Royce \| Motorcycle\* \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2005 \| 1,122,308 \| 200,119 \| 692 \| 92,013 \| \| 2006 \| 1,179,317 \| 186,674 \| 847 \| 103,759 \| \| 2007 \| 1,302,774 \| 237,700 \| 1,029 \| 104,396 \| \| 2008 \| 1,203,482 \| 235,019 \| 1,417 \| 118,452 \| \| 2009 \| 1,043,829 \| 213,670 \| 918 \| 93,243 \| \| 2010 \| 1,236,989 \| 241,043 \| 3,221 \| 112,271 \| \| 2011 \| 1,440,315 \| 294,120 \| 3,725 \| 110,360 \| \| 2012 \| 1,547,057 \| 311,490 \| 3,279 \| 113,811 \| \| 2013 \| 1,699,835 \| 303,177 \| 3,354 \| 110,127 \| \| 2014 \| 1,838,268 \| 322,803 \| 4,495 \| 133,615 \| \| 2015 \| 1,933,647 \| 342,008 \| 3,848 \| 151,004 \| \| 2016 \| 2,002,997 \| 352,580 \| 4,179 \| 145,555 \| \| 2017 \| 2,123,947 \| 378,486 \| 3,308 \| 185,682 \| \| 2018 \| 2,168,496 \| 368,685 \| 4,353 \| 162,687 \| \| 2019 \| 2,205,841 \| 352,729 \| 5,455 \| 187,116 \| \| 2020 \| 1,980,740 \| 271,121 \| 3,776 \| 168,104 \| \| 2021 \| 2,166,644 \| 288,713 \| 5,912 \| 187,500 \| \| 2022 \| 2,089,801 \| 286,265 \| 6,239 \| 215,932 \| \| 2023 \| 2,340,547 \| 315,196 \| 6,179 \| 221,988 \| Annual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports: \| Year \| BMW \| MINI \| Rolls-Royce \| Motorcycle\* \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 1972 \| 182,858 \| \| \| \| \| 1973 \| 197,446 \| \| \| \| \| 1974 \| 184,330 \| \| \| \| \| 1975 \| 226,688 \| \| \| \| \| 1976 \| 275,596 \| \| \| \| \| 1977 \| 288,260 \| \| \| \| \| 1978 \| 321,196 \| \| \| \| \| 1979 \| 335,132 \| \| \| \| \| 1980 \| 339,232 \| \| \| \| \| 1981 \| 348,946 \| \| \| \| \| 1982 \| 377,684 \| \| \| \| \| 1983 \| 422,500 \| \| \| \| \| 1984 \| 434,300 \| \| \| \| \| 1985 \| 440,700 \| \| \| \| \| 1986 \| 446,100 \| \| \| \| \| 1987 \| 459,500 \| \| \| \| \| 1988 \| 495,800 \| \| \| \| \| 1989 \| 523,000 \| \| \| \| \| 1990 \| 525,900 \| \| \| \| \| 1991 \| 552,700 \| \| \| \| \| 1992 \| 582,493 \| \| \| \| \| 1993 \| 534,397 \| \| \| \| \| 1994 \| 573,000 \| \| \| \| \| 1995 \| 595,000 \| \| \| \| \| 1996 \| 644,107 \| \| \| \| \| 1997 \| 675,076 \| \| \| \| \| 1998 \| 699,378 \| \| \| \| \| 1999 \| 751,272 \| \| \| \| \| 2000 \| 822,181 \| \| \| \| \| 2001 \| 880,677 \| \| \| \| \| 2002 \| 913,225 \| \| \| \| \| 2003 \| 928,000 \| \| \| \| \| 2004 \| 1,023,583 \| \| \| \| \| 2005 \| 1,126,798 \| 200,428 \| 797 \| 97,474 \| \| 2006 \| 1,185,088 \| 188,077 \| 805 \| 100,064 \| \| 2007 \| 1,276,793 \| 222,875 \| 1,010 \| 102,467 \| \| 2008 \| 1,202,239 \| 232,425 \| 1,212 \| 115,196 \| \| 2009 \| 1,068,770 \| 216,538 \| 1,002 \| 100,358 \| \| 2010 \| 1,224,280 \| 234,175 \| 2,711 \| 110,113 \| \| 2011 \| 1,380,384 \| 285,060 \| 3,538 \| 113,572 \| \| 2012 \| 1,540,085 \| 301,525 \| 3,575 \| 117,109 \| \| 2013 \| 1,655,138 \| 305,030 \| 3,630 \| 115,215\\ \| \| 2014 \| 1,811,719 \| 302,183 \| 4,063 \| 123,495 \| \| 2015 \| 1,905,234 \| 338,466 \| 3,785 \| 136,963 \| \| 2016 \| 2,003,359 \| 360,233 \| 4,011 \| 145,032 \| \| 2017 \| 2,088,283 \| 371,881 \| 3,362 \| 164,153 \| \| 2018 \| 2,114,963 \| 364,135 \| 4,194 \| 165,566 \| \| 2019 \| 2,185,793 \| 347,474 \| 5,100 \| 175,162 \| \| 2020 \| 2,028,841 \| 292,582 \| 3,756 \| 169,272 \| \| 2021 \| 2,213,379 \| 302,138 \| 5,586 \| 194,261 \| \| 2022 \| 2,100,689 \| 292,922 \| 6,021 \| 202,895 \| \| 2023 \| 2,225,793 \| 295,358 \| 6,032 \| 209,066 \| \* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include [Husqvarna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles "Husqvarna Motorcycles") models. \\ Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units. ## Recalls \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Recalls")\] In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-94) In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-95) Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-96) This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-97) leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-98) ## Industry collaboration \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: Industry collaboration")\] BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions: - [McLaren Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_Automotive "McLaren Automotive"): BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the [McLaren F1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_F1 "McLaren F1").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-100) - [Groupe PSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_PSA "Groupe PSA") (predecessor to [Stellantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis "Stellantis")): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-101) - [Daimler Benz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Benz "Daimler Benz"): Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the [ActiveHybrid 7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$#ActiveHybrid_7_$F04$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-102)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-103) Development of automated driving technology.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-104) - [Toyota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota "Toyota"): Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop [fuel cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell "Fuel cell") technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 [BMW Z4 (G29)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)") and [Toyota Supra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Supra "Toyota Supra")) and research [lithium-air batteries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery "Lithium–air battery").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-106)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-107) - [Audi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi "Audi") and [Mercedes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz "Mercedes-Benz"): Joint purchase of Nokia's [Here WeGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_WeGo "Here WeGo") (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-108) - In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-109) ## Sponsorships \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=24 "Edit section: Sponsorships")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg/250px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg) BMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the [United States Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee "United States Olympic Committee") in July 2010.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-111) In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-112) including the [PGA Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_PGA_Championship "BMW PGA Championship") since 2007,[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-114) the [Italian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Open_$golf$ "Italian Open (golf)") from 2009 to 2012, the [BMW Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Masters "BMW Masters") in China from 2012 to 2015[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-116) and the [BMW International Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_International_Open "BMW International Open") in Munich since 1989.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-117) In [rugby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football "Rugby football"), BMW sponsored the [South Africa national rugby union team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team "South Africa national rugby union team") from 2011 to 2015.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-119) ## Car-sharing services \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=25 "Edit section: Car-sharing services")\] [DriveNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DriveNow "DriveNow") was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-120) DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-121) In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-123) The [ReachNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReachNow "ReachNow") car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-124) ReachNow currently operates in [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle,_Washington "Seattle, Washington"), [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon "Portland, Oregon") and [Brooklyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York "Brooklyn, New York"). In 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car [subscription service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscription_service "Subscription service") for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in [Nashville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville "Nashville"), Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was "suspended".[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-125) ## Overseas subsidiaries \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=26 "Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries")\] ### Production facilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=27 "Edit section: Production facilities")\] #### China \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=28 "Edit section: China")\] Main article: [BMW Brilliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Brilliance "BMW Brilliance") The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and [Brilliance Auto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliance_Auto "Brilliance Auto").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-126)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-127) The plant was opened in the [Shenyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang "Shenyang") industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw_sub-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-129) In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-130) Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-131) On 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:0-53) In February 2022, BMW invested an additional \$4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-132) In June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-133) The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US\$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor [Olaf Scholz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Scholz "Olaf Scholz")'s visit to China.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-134) #### Hungary \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=29 "Edit section: Hungary")\] On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near [Debrecen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrecen "Debrecen"), will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-135) #### Mexico \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=30 "Edit section: Mexico")\] In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of [San Luis Potosí](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD "San Luis Potosí") involving an investment of \$1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-MexicoBMW-136) #### Netherlands \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=31 "Edit section: Netherlands")\] The Mini Convertible, [Mini Countryman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_Countryman "Mini Countryman") and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the [VDL Nedcar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDL_Nedcar "VDL Nedcar") factory in [Born](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born,_Netherlands "Born, Netherlands") up until its closure on February 16, 2024.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-137)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-138)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-139) The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-140) Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-141) #### South Africa \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=32 "Edit section: South Africa")\] Main article: [BMW South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_South_Africa "BMW South Africa") BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-142) when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in [Rosslyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosslyn,_Gauteng "Rosslyn, Gauteng"), near [Pretoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria "Pretoria"). BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company "Ford Motor Company") and [GM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors "General Motors"), which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to [right hand drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_hand_drive "Right hand drive") markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as [Sub-Saharan Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa "Sub-Saharan Africa"). Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in [left-hand drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-hand_drive "Left-hand drive") for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America. Three unique models that [BMW Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorsport "BMW Motorsport") created for the South African market were the [E23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E23 "BMW E23") M745i (1983), which used the [M88](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M88 "BMW M88") engine from the [BMW M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1"), the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre [M30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M30 "BMW M30") engine to the [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E30 "BMW E30"),[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-143) and the [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E30$ "BMW 3 Series (E30)") BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina")\-derived 2.7-litre engine. The plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is "N".[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-144) #### United States \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=33 "Edit section: United States")\] Main article: [BMW in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States "BMW in the United States") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg/250px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg) BMW Zentrum museum in [Spartanburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartanburg_County "Spartanburg County"), South Carolina BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-145) and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-146) The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-147) In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-148) The manufacturing plant in [Greer, South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greer,_South_Carolina "Greer, South Carolina") has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-roundel201504-149) currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-BMWfactory-150) The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3"), [X4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X4 "BMW X4"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5 "BMW X5"), [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6"), [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7") and [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") SUV models. In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America. ### Complete knock-down assembly facilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=34 "Edit section: Complete knock-down assembly facilities")\] #### Brazil \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=35 "Edit section: Brazil")\] On 9 October 2014, BMW's new [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Araquari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araquari "Araquari"), assembled its first car— an [F30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F30 "BMW F30") 3 Series.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-151)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-152) The cars assembled at Araquari are the [F20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F20 "BMW F20") 1 Series, [F30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F30 "BMW F30") 3 Series, [F48](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F48 "BMW F48") X1, [F25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F25 "BMW F25") X3 and Mini Countryman.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153) #### Egypt \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=36 "Edit section: Egypt")\] [Bavarian Auto Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Auto_Group "Bavarian Auto Group") became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") components at the BMW plant in Cairo.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153) #### India \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=37 "Edit section: India")\] Main article: [BMW India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_India "BMW India") BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in [Gurugram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurugram "Gurugram"). A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in [Chennai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai "Chennai") in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-154) The 20 Million [Euro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro "Euro") plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year. #### Indonesia \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=38 "Edit section: Indonesia")\] PT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in [Central Jakarta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Jakarta "Central Jakarta"). It was managed by [PT. Astra International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_International "Astra International"). 10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion [Indonesian rupiah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah "Indonesian rupiah") to expand its production, by establish the [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Gaya Motor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_International "Astra International")'s production facility in [Sunter, Jakarta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunter,_Jakarta "Sunter, Jakarta"). the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market [2 Series (gran coupé)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé"), [3 Series (sedan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)"), [5 Series (sedan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G30$ "BMW 5 Series (G30)"), [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)"), [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$U11$ "BMW X1 (U11)"), [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3_$G01$ "BMW X3 (G01)"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)"), [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7"), and [Mini Countryman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_Countryman "Mini Countryman"). #### Malaysia \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=39 "Edit section: Malaysia")\] BMW's [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Kedah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah "Kedah"). Assembled Malaysia-market [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F20$ "BMW 1 Series (F20)"), [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$F30$ "BMW 3 Series (F30)"), [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series"), [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G11$ "BMW 7 Series (G11)"), [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$F48$ "BMW X1 (F48)"), [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3"), [X4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X4_$F26$ "BMW X4 (F26)"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$F15$ "BMW X5 (F15)"), [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6") and Mini Countryman since 2008.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-155) #### Russia \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=40 "Edit section: Russia")\] Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in [Kaliningrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad "Kaliningrad") beginning in 1999.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-156) In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-157) #### Uruguay \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=41 "Edit section: Uruguay")\] In Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the [1600](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1600 "BMW 1600"), [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2002 "BMW 2002"), [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") and [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series"), totalling 12,000 units.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-159) ### Vehicle importers \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=42 "Edit section: Vehicle importers")\] #### Canada \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=43 "Edit section: Canada")\] BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa"), was opened in 1969.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-160) In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-161) BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-162) #### Japan \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=44 "Edit section: Japan")\] BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-163) #### Philippines \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=45 "Edit section: Philippines")\] BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of [San Miguel Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel_Corporation "San Miguel Corporation"), is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-164) BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-165) #### Korea \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=46 "Edit section: Korea")\] BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near [Incheon International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport "Incheon International Airport").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-166) #### Singapore \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=47 "Edit section: Singapore")\] BMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-167) ## Criticism \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=48 "Edit section: Criticism")\] BMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for [Apple Car Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Car_Play "Apple Car Play"). After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-168)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-169) In 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners \$18 a month to use heated seats.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-170) They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-171) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=49 "Edit section: See also")\] - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png)[Germany portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Germany "Portal:Germany") - [BMW Group Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Group_Classic "BMW Group Classic") - [List of BMW engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_engines "List of BMW engines") ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=50 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-1) Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines](https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. p. 10. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-5017-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1") . 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-5) ["BMW Group Report 2023"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2023/downloads/BMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf) (PDF). BMW AG. pp. 328–329. Retrieved 2 September 2024. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-3)* ["BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/bmw-shares.html). www.bmwgroup.com. Retrieved 11 July 2023. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html_4-0) Cite error: The named reference `<https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html>` was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text "Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text")). 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-5) ["Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft"](https://opencorporates.com/companies/de/D2601V_HRB42243). [OpenCorporates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCorporates "OpenCorporates"). 12 December 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2025. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Lewin2016_6-0) Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines](https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. pp. 9–10\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-5017-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1") . 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-History_7-0) ["History"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/company/history.html). BMW AG. Retrieved 10 August 2021. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-8) ["2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer"](https://www.factorywarrantylist.com/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html). F\&I Tools USA. 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-9) ["Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller"](https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/30723/umfrage/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller/). Statista. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-10) ["The Global 2000 2023"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). Forbes. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-11) ["Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born"](https://nos.nl/artikel/2352434-tegenslag-voor-nedcar-bmw-stopt-in-2023-met-de-productie-in-born). nos.nl. 15 October 2020. 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-1) ["Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years"](https://www.dw.com/en/horsepower-under-the-hood-and-skeletons-in-the-closet-bmw-celebrates-100-years/a-19095189). Deutsche Welle. 2016. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-13)* ["BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/miscellaneous/bmw-mercedes-pivot-from-enemies-to-partners-in-new-auto-era/articleshow/67176867.cms). The Times of India. 20 December 2018. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0971-8257](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257). Retrieved 17 December 2024. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-14) ["Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW"](https://www.motor1.com/news/699865/mercedes-owned-audi-almost-bought-bmw/). Motor1.com. Retrieved 14 January 2025. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-15) ["BMW and the Holocaust"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221231192214/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust). Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust) on 31 December 2022. 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-1) ["Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221230130131/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/varta-battery-factories). Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/varta-battery-factories) on 30 December 2022. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-17)* ["BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich"](https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/breaking-the-silence-bmw-s-quandt-family-to-investigate-wealth-amassed-in-third-reich-a-511193.html). Der Spiegel. 2007. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-18) ["BMW 2002 turbo"](https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230425132944/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800) 25 April 2023 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-19) ["BMW 1602 Elektro"](https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220428080131/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907) 28 April 2022 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-20) Digitale, Usine (28 March 2018). ["BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité"](https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/bmw-et-daimler-regroupent-leurs-services-mobilites.N673254). usine digitale. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-21) ["Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG"](https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0298910EN/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en). press bmw group. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-22) ["BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7). Reuters. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021. 23. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-1) Haider, Martin (30 June 2020). ["Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group"](https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/hungeobull/article/view/3209). Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 69* (2): 119–135\. [Bibcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_$identifier$ "Bibcode (identifier)"):[2020HuGBu..69..119H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020HuGBu..69..119H). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.15201/hungeobull.69.2.3](https://doi.org/10.15201%2Fhungeobull.69.2.3). 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-24) Kukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (7 July 2021). ["The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader"](https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021/full/html). Journal of Business Strategy. 42 (4): 268–277\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021](https://doi.org/10.1108%2FJBS-02-2020-0021). [hdl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_$identifier$ "Hdl (identifier)"):[10256/19355](https://hdl.handle.net/10256%2F19355). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0275-6668](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0275-6668). 25. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-1) Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). ["BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li"](https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a38803898/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12/). Road & Track. Hearst Communications. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-26)* Sergeev, Angel (5 October 2023). ["Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss"](https://www.motor1.com/news/690049/rolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement/). motor1. Retrieved 5 October 2023. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-27) Kharpal, Arjun (10 September 2025). ["Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/qualcomm-bmw-launch-driverless-tech-ceo-says-other-carmakers-next.html). CNBC. Retrieved 9 December 2025. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-28) ["Growth in EU private R\&D investment slows \\| Science\\|Business"](https://sciencebusiness.net/news/eu-budget/growth-eu-private-rd-investment-slows). sciencebusiness.net. Retrieved 1 April 2026. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-29) Hans List: Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Springer, Wien, 1949. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783662294888](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783662294888 "Special:BookSources/9783662294888") . Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-30) Roland Löwisch: BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar. HEEL, 2016, [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783958434066](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783958434066 "Special:BookSources/9783958434066") . p 7. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-31) ["BMW 1970s brochure for the United States"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021349/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417/web). www.bmw-grouparchiv.de. Archived from [the original](https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417/web) on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-32) [Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc](http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069). [National Library of Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia "National Library of Australia"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110728125152/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069) from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2009. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-33) ["No Toupees allowed"](https://web.archive.org/web/20091006040514/http://www.bangkokpost.com/auto/autoreview/24915/no-toupees-allowed). [Bangkok Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok_Post "Bangkok Post"). 2 October 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.bangkokpost.com/auto/autoreview/24915/no-toupees-allowed) on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter1_34-0) Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G](https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/126). Vol. 1. Random House. pp. [126–27](https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/126). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-394-54427-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4") . "Beemer n. \[BMW + ''er''\] a BMW automobile. Also Beamer." 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Lighter2_35-0) Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). [Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G](https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/159). Vol. 1. Random House. p. [159](https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/159). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-394-54427-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4") . "Bimmer n. Beemer." 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-36) 1982 S. Black Totally Awesome 83 BMW ("Beemer"). 1985 L.A. Times (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck. 1989 L. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-152) ["BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US"](https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144957/https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx). www.just-auto.com. Archived from [the original](https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 153. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_153-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_153-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_153-2) ["BMW: Global growth"](https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144647/https://automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/focus/bmw-globally-german). www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com. Archived from [the original](https://automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/focus/bmw-globally-german) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 154. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-154)* ["International BMW website"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090417153657/http://www.bmw.in/in/en/index_narrowband.html). Bmw.in. 11 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://www.bmw.in/in/en/index_narrowband.html) on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009. 155. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-155) ["BMW: Global growth"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191011130653/https://www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/bmw-global-growth/33962.article). Automotive Manufacturing Solutions. Archived from [the original](https://www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/bmw-global-growth/33962.article) on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 156. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-156) ["Production of new BMW 5 series begins in Kaliningrad"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090215095144/http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2004/03/29/53072.html). Pravda.Ru. 29 March 2004. Archived from [the original](http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2004/03/29/53072.html) on 15 February 2009. 157. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-157) ["BMW приостанавливает производство и импорт автомобилей в Россию"](https://www.interfax.ru/business/825576) (in Russian). [Интерфакс](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81 "Интерфакс"). 1 March 2022. 158. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-158) ["Los 50 del 2002"](https://motorsports.com.uy/2018/11/los-50-del-2002.html). Motorsports El País (in Spanish). 8 November 2018. 159. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-159) ["Primer aniversario de la partida física de José Arijón Rama"](https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/primer-aniversario-de-la-partida-fisica-de-jose-arijon-rama). El País (in Spanish). 29 April 2019. 160. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-160) ["The Otto's Story"](http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php). www.bmwottos.ca. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093821/http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php) from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 161. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-161) ["In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100"](https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/). www.theglobeandmail.com. 7 March 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180319230610/https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/) from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 162. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-162) ["History of BMW Canada"](https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094453/https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/). www.bmwlondon.ca. Archived from [the original](https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 163. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-163) ["About BMW Japan Corp"](https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093401/http://bmwcareer.jp/en/bmwjapan/). www.bmwcareer.jp. Archived from [the original](http://bmwcareer.jp/en/bmwjapan/) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 164. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-164) ["BMW Philippines"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200304103746/https://www.bmw.com.ph/en/index.html). Archived from [the original](https://www.bmw.com.ph/en/index.html) on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 165. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-165) ["Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019"](https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/philippine-auto-industry-sold-416-637-units-in-2019.html). autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020. 166. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-166) ["Introduction to BMW Korea"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190811181456/https://www.bmw.co.kr/ko/discover/corporation/BMW-korea-introduction.html). Archived from [the original](https://www.bmw.co.kr/ko/discover/corporation/BMW-korea-introduction.html) on 11 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019. 167. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-167) ["BYD cements lead as Singapore's top-selling car brand as EV sales surge to 45% of new registrations"](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/byd-top-selling-car-brand-ev-sales-5878551). CNA. Retrieved 12 March 2026. 168. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-168) ["BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)"](https://www.engadget.com/2019-12-04-bmw-apple-carplay-waives-subscription-fee.html). Engadget. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2025. 169. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-169) Estrada, Zac (16 January 2018). ["Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?"](https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/16/16897326/bmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018). The Verge. Retrieved 14 January 2025. 170. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-170) Vincent, James (12 July 2022). ["BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for \$18 a month"](https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/12/23204950/bmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature). The Verge. Retrieved 14 January 2025. 171. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-171) Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023). ["BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats"](https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/7/23863258/bmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction). The Verge. Retrieved 14 January 2025. ## Further reading \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=51 "Edit section: Further reading")\] - Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006). Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916 \[The BMW Company since 1916\] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3932169468](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3932169468 "Special:BookSources/3932169468") . - Hodges, David (2000). BMW. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [0750921447](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921447 "Special:BookSources/0750921447") . - Kiley, David (2004). [Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World](https://archive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/mode/2up). John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-471-26920-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5") . - Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). BMW: Typen und Geschichte \[BMW: Types and History\] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3768814203](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3768814203 "Special:BookSources/3768814203") . - Lewin, Tony (2022). BMW Century (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780760373774](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760373774 "Special:BookSources/9780760373774") . - Noakes, Andrew (2010). The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo. Bath: Parragon Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781407549781](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781407549781 "Special:BookSources/9781407549781") . - [Schrader, Halwart](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwart_Schrader "de:Halwart Schrader") \[in German\] (2011). BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion \[BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection\] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783613033788](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613033788 "Special:BookSources/9783613033788") . - ———————— (2016). BMW: Von 1981 bis heute \[BMW: From 1981 to today\]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783613038721](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613038721 "Special:BookSources/9783613038721") . - Werner, Constanze (2006). Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW \[War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW\] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3486577921](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3486577921 "Special:BookSources/3486577921") . ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=52 "Edit section: External links")\] [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [BMW](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BMW "commons:Category:BMW"). - [Official website](https://www.bmw.com/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26678#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW "Template:BMW") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW "Template talk:BMW") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW")[BMW]() \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Current brands \| [BMW]() [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina") [BMW i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i") [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") [Mini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)") [Rolls-Royce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") [Zinoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinoro "Zinoro") [Riley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Motor "Riley Motor") (inactive) [Triumph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company "Triumph Motor Company") (inactive) \| \| Previous brands \| [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") [Automobilwerk Eisenach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach "Automobilwerk Eisenach") [BMW Marine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Marine "BMW Marine") [Dixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Dixi "BMW Dixi") [Glas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_$company$ "Glas (company)") [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik "Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik") [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles "Husqvarna Motorcycles") [Rover Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_Group "Rover Group") [Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company#BMW "Standard Motor Company") \| \| Divisions and subsidiaries \| [BMW Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Bank "BMW Bank") [BMW M Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M_Motorsport "BMW M Motorsport") [BMW in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States "BMW in the United States") [BMW Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Mexico "BMW Mexico") [BMW South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_South_Africa "BMW South Africa") [BMW Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Manufacturing_$Thailand$ "BMW Manufacturing (Thailand)") [BMW India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_India "BMW India") [Designworks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designworks "Designworks") \| \| Joint ventures \| [BMW Brilliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Brilliance "BMW Brilliance") (75%) [Zinoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinoro "Zinoro") [Spotlight Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotlight_Automotive "Spotlight Automotive") (50%) [Here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_Technologies "Here Technologies") [Share Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_Now "Share Now") \| \| Vehicles \| [List of BMW vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles "List of BMW vehicles") [List of Rolls-Royce motor cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars "List of Rolls-Royce motor cars") \| \| Technologies \| [BMW Assist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Assist "BMW Assist") [ConnectedDrive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConnectedDrive "ConnectedDrive") [iDrive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDrive "IDrive") [Valvetronic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvetronic "Valvetronic") [VANOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VANOS "VANOS") [xDrive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_xDrive "BMW xDrive") \| \| Motorsport \| [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina") [BMW in motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport "BMW in motorsport") [BMW in Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One "BMW in Formula One") [BMW M1 Procar Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1_Procar_Championship "BMW M1 Procar Championship") [Kumho BMW Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumho_BMW_Championship "Kumho BMW Championship") [Team RMG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_RMG "Team RMG") [Team Schnitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport "Schnitzer Motorsport") [Team RBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_Bart_Mampaey "Racing Bart Mampaey") [Team MTEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_MTEK "Team MTEK") [Team RLL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahal_Letterman_Lanigan_Racing "Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing") [Team Schubert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport "Schubert Motorsport") [Turner Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_Motorsport "Turner Motorsport") \| \| Buildings \| [BMW Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") [BMW Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Museum "BMW Museum") [BMW Welt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Welt "BMW Welt") [BMW Group Plant Dingolfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing "BMW Group Plant Dingolfing") [BMW Central Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Central_Building "BMW Central Building") [BMW FIZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_FIZ "BMW FIZ") \| \| Other \| [History of BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW "History of BMW") [History of BMW motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles "History of BMW motorcycles") [BMW Art Car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Art_Car "BMW Art Car") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:BMW "Category:BMW") \| \| \| BMW navigational boxes \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_series "Template:BMW series") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_series "Template talk:BMW series") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_series "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW series")[BMW]() automobile series and sub brands \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Series \| [1 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series "BMW 1 Series") [2 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series "BMW 2 Series") [3 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") [4 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series") [5 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") [6 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series") [7 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") [8 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Model families \| [X models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X "BMW X") [Z models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z") [GT models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_GT "BMW GT") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Sub brands \| [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina") [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") [BMW i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_motorcycles "Template:BMW motorcycles") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_motorcycles "Template talk:BMW motorcycles") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_motorcycles "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW motorcycles")[BMW motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| C series \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Petrol \| [C1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_C1 "BMW C1") [C600 Sport & C650GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_C600_Sport_and_C650GT "BMW C600 Sport and C650GT") BMW C400X & C400GT \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Electric \| [C evolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_C_evolution "BMW C evolution") [CE 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_CE_02 "BMW CE 02") [CE 04](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_CE_04 "BMW CE 04") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| F series \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Single cylinder \| [F650 Funduro, F650ST Strada, F650GS (single) & F650GS Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F_series_single-cylinder "BMW F series single-cylinder") [F650CS Scarver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F650CS "BMW F650CS") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Twin cylinder \| [F650GS (twin), F700GS, F800GS & F800GSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F_series_parallel-twin "BMW F series parallel-twin") [F750GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F750GS "BMW F750GS") [F850GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F850GS "BMW F850GS") [F800GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F800GT "BMW F800GT") [F800R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F800R "BMW F800R") [F800S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F800S "BMW F800S") [F800ST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F800ST "BMW F800ST") [F900R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F900R "BMW F900R") [F900XR](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_F900XR&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW F900XR (page does not exist)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| G series \| [G310GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G310GS "BMW G310GS") [G310R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G310R "BMW G310R") [G310RR](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_G310RR&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW G310RR (page does not exist)") [G450X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G450X "BMW G450X") [BMW G650X series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G650X_series "BMW G650X series") [G650GS & G650 Sertão](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G650GS "BMW G650GS") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| HP series \| [HP2 Enduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_HP2_Enduro "BMW HP2 Enduro") [HP2 Megamoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_HP2_Megamoto&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW HP2 Megamoto (page does not exist)") [HP2 Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_HP2_Sport "BMW HP2 Sport") [HP4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_HP4 "BMW HP4") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| K series \| [K1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1 "BMW K1") [K75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K75 "BMW K75") [K100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K100 "BMW K100") [K1100RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RT&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW K1100RT (page does not exist)") [K1100LT](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100LT&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW K1100LT (page does not exist)") [K1100RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RS&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW K1100RS (page does not exist)") [K1200GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200GT "BMW K1200GT") [K1200LT](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1200LT&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW K1200LT (page does not exist)") [K1200R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200R "BMW K1200R") [K1200RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200RS "BMW K1200RS") [K1200S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200S "BMW K1200S") [K1300R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1300R "BMW K1300R") [K1300S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1300S "BMW K1300S") [K1300GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1300GT "BMW K1300GT") [K1600 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1600 "BMW K1600") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| R series \| [R2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R2 "BMW R2") [R11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R11 "BMW R11") [R12 (1935)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R12_and_R17 "BMW R12 and R17") [R12 (2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R12_$2024$ "BMW R12 (2024)") [R18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R18 "BMW R18") [R27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R27 "BMW R27") [R32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32 "BMW R32") [R45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R45 "BMW R45") [R51/3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R51/3 "BMW R51/3") [R60/2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R60/2 "BMW R60/2") [R65](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R65 "BMW R65") [R68](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R68 "BMW R68") [R69S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R69S "BMW R69S") [R71](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R71&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R71 (page does not exist)") [R75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R75 "BMW R75") [/5 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_/5_motorcycles "BMW /5 motorcycles") [/6 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_/6_motorcycles "BMW /6 motorcycles") [/7 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R100 "BMW R100") R80 [R80G/S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R80G/S "BMW R80G/S") [R90S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R90S "BMW R90S") [R100RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R100 "BMW R100") [R100S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R100 "BMW R100") [R850RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R850RT "BMW R850RT") [R900RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200RT#Authorities_models "BMW R1200RT") [R1100GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1100GS "BMW R1100GS") [R1100R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1100R "BMW R1100R") [R1100RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1100RS "BMW R1100RS") [R1100RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1100RT "BMW R1100RT") [R1100S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1100S "BMW R1100S") [R1150GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1150GS "BMW R1150GS") [R1150R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1150R "BMW R1150R") [R1150RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150RS&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1150RS (page does not exist)") [R1150RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1150RT "BMW R1150RT") [R1150S](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150S&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1150S (page does not exist)") [R1150ST](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150ST&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1150ST (page does not exist)") [R1200GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200GS "BMW R1200GS") [R1200R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200R "BMW R1200R") [R1200RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200RS "BMW R1200RS") [R1200RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200RT "BMW R1200RT") [R1200S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200S "BMW R1200S") [R1200ST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200ST "BMW R1200ST") [R1200C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200C "BMW R1200C") [R1200CL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200C "BMW R1200C") [R1250GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1250GS "BMW R1250GS") [R1250R](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1250R&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1250R (page does not exist)") [R1250RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1250RS "BMW R1250RS") [R1250RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1250RT&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1250RT (page does not exist)") [R1300GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1300GS "BMW R1300GS") [R1300R](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1300R&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1300R (page does not exist)") [R1300RS](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1300RS&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1300RS (page does not exist)") [R1300RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1300RT&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW R1300RT (page does not exist)") [R nineT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R_nineT "BMW R nineT") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other motorcycles \| [GS series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_GS "BMW GS") [S1000RR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S1000RR "BMW S1000RR") [S1000R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S1000R "BMW S1000R") [S1000XR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S1000XR "BMW S1000XR") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| People \| [Max Friz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Friz "Max Friz") [Ernst Jakob Henne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Jakob_Henne "Ernst Jakob Henne") [Ernst Loof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Loof "Ernst Loof") [David Robb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Robb_$motorcycling$ "David Robb (motorcycling)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Miscellaneous \| [247 engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_247_engine "BMW 247 engine") [BMW Motorcycle Owners of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorcycle_Owners_of_America "BMW Motorcycle Owners of America") [History of BMW motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles "History of BMW motorcycles") [List of BMW motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Motorcycles "List of BMW vehicles") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s "Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s "Template talk:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s")BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s — [next »](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s "Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Type \| 1920s \| 1930s \| 1940s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [straight-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-four_engine "Straight-four engine") \| [Dixi 3/15/Dixi 3/15 DA/Dixi 3/15 DA1/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Dixi "BMW Dixi") \| [3/15 DA2/ 3/15 DA4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3/15 "BMW 3/15") \| [3/20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3/20 "BMW 3/20") \| [309](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_303#309 "BMW 303") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [straight-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-six_engine "Straight-six engine") \| \| \| [303](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_303 "BMW 303") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [315, 319](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329 "BMW 303") \| [329](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329 "BMW 303") \| [320](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_320 "BMW 320") \| [321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_321 "BMW 321") \| \| [321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_321 "BMW 321") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [326](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_326 "BMW 326") \| \| [326](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_326 "BMW 326") \| \| [340](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_340 "BMW 340") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_327 "BMW 327") \| \| [327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_327 "BMW 327") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [335](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_335 "BMW 335") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [sports car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car "Sports car") \| \| [DA-3 Wartburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3/15#3.2F15_DA-3_Wartburg "BMW 3/15") \| \| [315/1, 319/1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_303#315/1_and_319/1_roadsters "BMW 303") \| [328](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_328 "BMW 328") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Legend \| made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the [Soviet Military Administration in Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany "Soviet Military Administration in Germany") and [Avtovelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#Awtowelo "Automobilwerk Eisenach") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s "Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s "Template talk:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s")[« previous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s "Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s") — BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s — [next »](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s "Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Type \| 1940s \| 1950s \| 1960s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| \| [Microcar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcar "Microcar") \| \| \| [Isetta 250, 300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isetta "Isetta") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [600](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_600 "BMW 600") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Supermini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermini "Supermini") \| \| \| [LS, 700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_700 "BMW 700") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Compact executive car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_executive_car "Compact executive car") (pre-[3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series")/[4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| \| \| \| [02 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| \| \| \| [1600GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_GT "Glas GT") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Executive car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_car "Executive car") (pre-[5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series")/[6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| [321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_321 "BMW 321") \| \| [321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_321 "BMW 321") \| \| \| [New Class sedans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans "BMW New Class") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| \| \| \| [2000 C, 2000 CS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coup%C3%A9s "BMW New Class") \| [E9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E9 "BMW E9") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Luxury car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_car "Luxury car") (pre-[7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series")/[8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| [326](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_326 "BMW 326") \| \| [326](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_326 "BMW 326") \| \| [340](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_340 "BMW 340")\* \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [501 - 2.6 - 2600](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_501 "BMW 501") \| \| [E3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Six "BMW New Six") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [335](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_335_$1939_-_1941$ "BMW 335 (1939 - 1941)") \| \| \| [502 - 2.6Luxus, 3.2(S) - 2600L, 3200L/S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_501 "BMW 501") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| [327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_327 "BMW 327") \| \| [327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_327 "BMW 327")\* \| [503](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_503 "BMW 503") \| \| [3200 CS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3200_CS "BMW 3200 CS") \| \| [3000 V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_V8 "Glas V8") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Roadster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadster_$automobile$ "Roadster (automobile)") ([pre-Z-series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z")) \| [328](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_328 "BMW 328") \| \| \| [507](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_507 "BMW 507") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Legend \| Made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the [Soviet Military Administration in Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany "Soviet Military Administration in Germany") and [Avtovelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#After_the_War:_EMW/BMW "Automobilwerk Eisenach"), [EMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk "Eisenacher Motorenwerk") and [AWE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#VEB_Automobilwerk_Eisenach "Automobilwerk Eisenach") \\| \* changed to EMW in 1952 Developed by [Iso SpA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso_$automobile$ "Iso (automobile)") Developed by [Hans Glas GmbH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_$company$ "Glas (company)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s "Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s "Template talk:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s")[« previous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s "Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s") — BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s — [next »](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s "Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Type \| 1960s \| 1970s \| 1980s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| \| [Microcar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcar "Microcar") \| [Isetta 250, 300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isetta "Isetta") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Supermini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermini "Supermini") \| [LS, 700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_700 "BMW 700") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Compact executive car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_executive_car "Compact executive car") (pre-[3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series")/[4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| \| [02 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series") \| [E21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E21$ "BMW 3 Series (E21)") \| [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E30$ "BMW 3 Series (E30)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| \| [1600GT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_GT "Glas GT") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Executive car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_car "Executive car") (pre-[5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series")/[6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| \| [New Class sedans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class "BMW New Class") \| [E12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E12$ "BMW 5 Series (E12)") \| [E28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E28$ "BMW 5 Series (E28)") \| [E34](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E34$ "BMW 5 Series (E34)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| \| [2000 C, 2000 CS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coup%C3%A9s "BMW New Class") \| [E9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E9 "BMW E9") \| [E24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$E24$ "BMW 6 Series (E24)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Luxury car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_car "Luxury car") (pre-[7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series")/[8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series")\-series) \| [Sedan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_$automobile$ "Sedan (automobile)") \| [501, 502](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_501 "BMW 501") \| \| [E3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Six "BMW New Six") \| [E23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E23$ "BMW 7 Series (E23)") \| [E32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E32$ "BMW 7 Series (E32)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Coupé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9 "Coupé") \| \| [3200 CS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3200_CS "BMW 3200 CS") \| \| [3000 V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_V8 "Glas V8") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Roadster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadster_$automobile$ "Roadster (automobile)") \| \| \| \| [Z1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z1 "BMW Z1") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Sports car](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car "Sports car") \| \| \| [E26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Legend \| developed by [Iso SpA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso_$automobile$ "Iso (automobile)") developed by [Hans Glas GmbH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_$company$ "Glas (company)") developed by [BMW Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s "Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s "Template talk:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s")[« previous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s "Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s") — BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s — [next »](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s "Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Series \| 1980s \| 1990s \| 2000s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| \| [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series "BMW 1 Series") \| \| \| \| [E87](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$E87$ "BMW 1 Series (E87)")\>\> \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") \| [E21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E21$ "BMW 3 Series (E21)") \| [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E30$ "BMW 3 Series (E30)") \| [E36](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E36$ "BMW 3 Series (E36)") \| [E46](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E46$ "BMW 3 Series (E46)") \| [E90](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E90$ "BMW 3 Series (E90)")\>\> \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") \| [E12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E12$ "BMW 5 Series (E12)") \| [E28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E28$ "BMW 5 Series (E28)") \| [E34](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E34$ "BMW 5 Series (E34)") \| [E39](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E39$ "BMW 5 Series (E39)") \| [E60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E60$ "BMW 5 Series (E60)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [6 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series") \| [E24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$E24$ "BMW 6 Series (E24)") \| \| \| [E63](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$E63$ "BMW 6 Series (E63)")\>\> \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") \| [E23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E23$ "BMW 7 Series (E23)") \| [E32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E32$ "BMW 7 Series (E32)") \| [E38](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E38$ "BMW 7 Series (E38)") \| [E65](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E65$ "BMW 7 Series (E65)") \| [F01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)")\>\> \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [8 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series") \| \| [E31](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$E31$ "BMW 8 Series (E31)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Z Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z") \| \| [Z1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z1 "BMW Z1") \| \| [Z3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z3 "BMW Z3") \| [Z4 (E85)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$E85$ "BMW Z4 (E85)") \| [Z4 (E89)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$E89$ "BMW Z4 (E89)")\>\> \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Z8 (E52)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z8_$E52$ "BMW Z8 (E52)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s "Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s "Template talk:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s")[« previous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s "Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s") — BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Series \| 2000s \| 2010s \| 2020s \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series "BMW 1 Series") \| \| [E87](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$E87$ "BMW 1 Series (E87)") \| [F20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F20$ "BMW 1 Series (F20)") \| [F40](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F40$ "BMW 1 Series (F40)") \| [F70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F70$ "BMW 1 Series (F70)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [F52](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F52$ "BMW 1 Series (F52)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [2 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series "BMW 2 Series") \| \| \| [F22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$F22$ "BMW 2 Series (F22)") \| [G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$G42$ "BMW 2 Series (G42)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [F44](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$F44$ "BMW 2 Series (F44)") \| [F74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$F74$ "BMW 2 Series (F74)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [F45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") / [F46](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#BMW_2_Series_Gran_Tourer_$F46$ "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") \| [U06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#Second_generation_$U06;_2021$ "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") \| [E46](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E46$ "BMW 3 Series (E46)") \| [E90](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E90$ "BMW 3 Series (E90)") \| [F30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$F30$ "BMW 3 Series (F30)") \| [G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [4 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series") \| \| \| [F32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$F32$ "BMW 4 Series (F32)") \| [G22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") \| [E39](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E39$ "BMW 5 Series (E39)") \| [E60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E60$ "BMW 5 Series (E60)") \| [F10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$F10$ "BMW 5 Series (F10)") \| [G30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G30$ "BMW 5 Series (G30)") \| [G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [6 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series") \| \| [E63](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$E63$ "BMW 6 Series (E63)") \| [F12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$F06/F12/F13$ "BMW 6 Series (F06/F12/F13)") \| [G32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_$G32$ "BMW 6 Series (G32)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") \| [E38](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E38$ "BMW 7 Series (E38)") \| [E65](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$E65$ "BMW 7 Series (E65)") \| [F01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)") \| [G11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G11$ "BMW 7 Series (G11)") \| [G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [8 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series") \| \| \| [G15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Z Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z") \| [Z3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z3 "BMW Z3") \| [E85](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$E85$ "BMW Z4 (E85)") \| [E89](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$E89$ "BMW Z4 (E89)") \| \| [G29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Z8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z8 "BMW Z8") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i3 "BMW i3") \| \| \| [I01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i3_$hatchback$ "BMW i3 (hatchback)") \| [G28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$#BMW_i3_$G28_BEV$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [i4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i4 "BMW i4") \| \| \| \| [G26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i4 "BMW i4") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [i5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#BMW_i5 "BMW 5 Series (G60)") \| \| \| \| [G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#BMW_i5 "BMW 5 Series (G60)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [i7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$#BMW_i7 "BMW 7 Series (G70)") \| \| \| \| [G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$#BMW_i7 "BMW 7 Series (G70)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [i8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i8 "BMW i8") \| \| \| [I12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i8 "BMW i8") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BMW_aeroengines "Template:BMW aeroengines") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_aeroengines "Template talk:BMW aeroengines") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_aeroengines "Special:EditPage/Template:BMW aeroengines")[BMW]() [aircraft engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_engine "Aircraft engine") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Piston engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine "Reciprocating engine") \| [BMW IIIa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_IIIa "BMW IIIa") [BMW IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_IV "BMW IV") [BMW V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_V "BMW V") [BMW VI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_VI "BMW VI") [BMW VII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_VII "BMW VII") [BMW X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X_$engine$ "BMW X (engine)") [BMW 114](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_114 "BMW 114") [BMW 116](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_116 "BMW 116") [BMW 117](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_117 "BMW 117") [BMW 132](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_132 "BMW 132") [BMW 139](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_139 "BMW 139") [BMW 801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_801 "BMW 801") [BMW 802](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_802 "BMW 802") [BMW 803](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_803 "BMW 803") [Bramo 323](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramo_323 "Bramo 323") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Turbojets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet "Turbojet") \| [BMW 003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_003 "BMW 003") [BMW 018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_018 "BMW 018") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Turbofans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan "Turbofan") \| [BR700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_BR700 "Rolls-Royce BR700") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Turboprops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop "Turboprop") \| [BMW 028](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_028&action=edit&redlink=1 "BMW 028 (page does not exist)") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Turboshafts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshaft "Turboshaft") \| [6012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6012 "BMW 6012") [6022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAN_Turbo_6022 "MAN Turbo 6022") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Rockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket "Rocket") \| [BMW 109-718](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_109-718 "BMW 109-718") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Aeroderivatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroderivative_gas_turbine "Aeroderivative gas turbine") \| [BMW GT 101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_GT_101 "BMW GT 101") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies "Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies "Template talk:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies")[![European Union](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") [EURO STOXX 50](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EURO_STOXX_50 "EURO STOXX 50") companies of the [Euro Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone "Eurozone") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Last updated: 22 September 2025 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Adidas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas "Adidas") [Adyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adyen "Adyen") [Ahold Delhaize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahold_Delhaize "Ahold Delhaize") [Air Liquide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Liquide "Air Liquide") [Airbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus "Airbus") [Allianz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianz "Allianz") [Anheuser-Busch InBev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB_InBev "AB InBev") [Argenx](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argenx&action=edit&redlink=1 "Argenx (page does not exist)") [ASML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASML_Holding "ASML Holding") [Axa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axa "Axa") [BASF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASF "BASF") [Bayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer "Bayer") [BBVA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria "Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria") [BMW]() [BNP Paribas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNP_Paribas "BNP Paribas") [Danone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone "Danone") [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank") [Deutsche Börse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse "Deutsche Börse") [Deutsche Telekom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom "Deutsche Telekom") [DHL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHL_Group "DHL Group") [Enel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enel "Enel") [Eni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eni "Eni") [EssilorLuxottica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EssilorLuxottica "EssilorLuxottica") [Ferrari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari "Ferrari") [Hermès](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s "Hermès") [Iberdrola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberdrola "Iberdrola") [Inditex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inditex "Inditex") [Infineon Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infineon_Technologies "Infineon Technologies") [ING Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ING_Group "ING Group") [Intesa Sanpaolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo "Intesa Sanpaolo") [L'Oréal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al "L'Oréal") [LVMH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVMH "LVMH") [Mercedes-Benz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group "Mercedes-Benz Group") [Munich Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Re "Munich Re") [Nordea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordea "Nordea") [Prosus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosus "Prosus") [Rheinmetall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinmetall "Rheinmetall") [Safran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safran "Safran") [Saint-Gobain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Gobain "Saint-Gobain") [Sanofi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi "Sanofi") [Santander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_Santander "Banco Santander") [SAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP "SAP") [Schneider Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider_Electric "Schneider Electric") [Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens "Siemens") [Siemens Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Energy "Siemens Energy") [TotalEnergies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TotalEnergies "TotalEnergies") [UniCredit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniCredit "UniCredit") [Vinci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinci_SA "Vinci SA") [Volkswagen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group "Volkswagen Group") [Wolters Kluwer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer "Wolters Kluwer") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:DAX_companies "Template:DAX companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:DAX_companies "Template talk:DAX companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DAX_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:DAX companies")![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png) [DAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX "DAX") companies of [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Adidas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas "Adidas") [Airbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus "Airbus") [Allianz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianz "Allianz") [BASF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASF "BASF") [Bayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer "Bayer") [Beiersdorf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiersdorf "Beiersdorf") [BMW]() [Brenntag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenntag "Brenntag") [Commerzbank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerzbank "Commerzbank") [Continental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_AG "Continental AG") [Covestro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covestro "Covestro") [Daimler Truck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Truck "Daimler Truck") [Deutsche Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank "Deutsche Bank") [Deutsche Börse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse "Deutsche Börse") [Deutsche Telekom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom "Deutsche Telekom") [DHL Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHL_Group "DHL Group") [E.ON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.ON "E.ON") [Fresenius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresenius_$company$ "Fresenius (company)") [Hannover Rück](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannover_Re "Hannover Re") [Heidelberg Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Materials "Heidelberg Materials") [Henkel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henkel "Henkel") [Infineon Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infineon_Technologies "Infineon Technologies") [Mercedes-Benz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group "Mercedes-Benz Group") [Merck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_Group "Merck Group") [MTU Aero Engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engines "MTU Aero Engines") [Munich Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Re "Munich Re") [Porsche AG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche "Porsche") [Porsche SE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_SE "Porsche SE") [Qiagen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiagen "Qiagen") [RWE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWE "RWE") [Rheinmetall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinmetall "Rheinmetall") [SAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP "SAP") [Sartorius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartorius_AG "Sartorius AG") [Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens "Siemens") [Siemens Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Energy "Siemens Energy") [Siemens Healthineers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Healthineers "Siemens Healthineers") [Symrise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symrise "Symrise") [Volkswagen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group "Volkswagen Group") [Vonovia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vonovia "Vonovia") [Zalando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalando "Zalando") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany "Template:Automotive industry in Germany") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany "Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany "Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Germany")[Automotive industry in Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany "Automotive industry in Germany") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Automotive industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry "Automotive industry") [Economy of Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Germany "Economy of Germany") [Transport in Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Germany "Transport in Germany") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany "Category:Automotive companies of Germany") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Active vehicle producers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany "List of automobile manufacturers of Germany") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Foreign owned \| [Apollo Automobil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Automobil "Apollo Automobil") [Gumpert Aiways Automobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile "Aiways") [Ford of Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_of_Europe "Ford of Europe") [Ford-Werke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Germany "Ford Germany") [Magirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magirus "Magirus") [Opel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel "Opel") [Hyundai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Europe "Hyundai Motor Europe") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Defunct vehicle producers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers "List of automobile manufacturers of Germany") \| [Adler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adler_$cars_and_motorcycle$ "Adler (cars and motorcycle)") AGA (Autogen-Gas-Akkumulator AG) Alan Alfi Amor Apollo Arego Arimofa Atlantic [Automobilwerk Eisenach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach "Automobilwerk Eisenach") [Auto Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Union "Auto Union") Badenia Bär [Baijah Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijah_Automotive "Baijah Automotive") B.A.W. [Beaufort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_$automobiles$ "Beaufort (automobiles)") BEB Beckmann Bergmann B.F. Bleichert Bob [Borgward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgward "Borgward") [Borgward Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgward_Group "Borgward Group") [Brennabor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennabor "Brennabor") [Brütsch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCtsch "Brütsch") [Büssing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCssing "Büssing") B.Z. (Bootswerft Zeppelinhafen GmbH) Certus Club Cyclon D.A.K. (Deutsche Automobil Konzern GmbH) Diabolo Dinos Dörner [DKW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKW "DKW") Dürkopp Dux D-Wagen [Edelsbrunner Automobile München](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen "Edelsbrunner Automobile München") Ego [Ehrhardt-Szawe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrhardt-Szawe "Ehrhardt-Szawe") [Eisenacher Motorenwerk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk "Eisenacher Motorenwerk") Elite Elitewagen Ercos Fadag Fafag Fafnir Falcon Fendt Faun Framo Freia [Fuldamobil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldamobil "Fuldamobil") Fulminant Garbaty [Glas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_$company$ "Glas (company)") [Goggomobil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goggomobil "Goggomobil") [Goliath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath_$company$ "Goliath (company)") Grade [Gutbrod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutbrod "Gutbrod") HAG (Hessische Automobil Gesellschaft) [Hartge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartge "Hartge") [Hanomag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanomag#Cars "Hanomag") [Hansa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansa_$car$ "Hansa (car)") Hataz Hawa Heim Helios Hildebrand [Horch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horch "Horch") H.T. [Isdera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isdera "Isdera") Joswin Kaelble Kenter [Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten "Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten") [Kleinschnittger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinschnittger "Kleinschnittger") Koco Komet Komnick [Kühlstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlstein "Kühlstein") Ley Leila Lipsia [Loremo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loremo "Loremo") L.W.D. ( Lippische Werke Detmold) Mannesmann [Markranstädter Automobilfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik "Markranstädter Automobilfabrik") [Maurer-Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurer-Union "Maurer-Union") Mauser Maf Maja [Melkus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkus "Melkus") Moll [Neue Automobil Gesellschaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft "Neue Automobil Gesellschaft") [North German Automobile and Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine "North German Automobile and Engine") Nowa [NSU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke "NSU Motorenwerke") Omikron Phänomen Pilot Presto [Protos of Nonnendamm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protos_of_Nonnendamm "Protos of Nonnendamm") Rabag Bugatti Rex-Simplex Röhr Rumpler Schebera [Selve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selve "Selve") [Simson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simson_$company$ "Simson (company)") Standard [Steiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steiger_$automobile_company$ "Steiger (automobile company)") [Stoewer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoewer "Stoewer") Szawe [Tempo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo_$automobile$ "Tempo (automobile)") Tornax [Veritas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritas_$automobile$ "Veritas (automobile)") Voran [Wanderer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanderer_$car$ "Wanderer (car)") Wittekind [Zündapp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp "Zündapp") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Components \| [ATR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATR_$company$ "ATR (company)") [Bosch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_$company$ "Bosch (company)") [ETAS Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETAS_Group "ETAS Group") [Continental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_AG "Continental AG") [Dräxlmaier Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group "Dräxlmaier Group") [Dürr Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCrr_Group "Dürr Group") [Eibach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eibach_$company$ "Eibach (company)") [Getrag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getrag "Getrag") [H\&R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%26R_$company$ "H&R (company)") [Hella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hella_$company$ "Hella (company)") [Hermann Peters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Peters "Hermann Peters") [HQM Sachsenring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH "HQM Sachsenring GmbH") [KW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KW_Automotive "KW Automotive") [Löwe Automobil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6we_Automobil "Löwe Automobil") [Mahle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahle_GmbH "Mahle GmbH") [Mahle Behr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahle_Behr "Mahle Behr") [Mann+Hummel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%2BHummel "Mann+Hummel") [Petri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_AG "Petri AG") [Renk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renk "Renk") [Rheinmetall Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinmetall_Automotive "Rheinmetall Automotive") [Schaeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaeffler_Group "Schaeffler Group") [Voith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voith "Voith") [ZF Friedrichshafen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen "ZF Friedrichshafen") [ZF Sachs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF_Sachs "ZF Sachs") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Motorsport and tuners \| [9ff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9ff "9ff") [Abt Sportsline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abt_Sportsline "Abt Sportsline") [AC Schnitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Schnitzer "AC Schnitzer") [Schnitzer Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport "Schnitzer Motorsport") [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina") [APR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_Performance_and_Racing "Audi Performance and Racing") [Audi Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH "Audi Sport GmbH") [AMG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-AMG "Mercedes-AMG") [BBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBS_Autotechnik "BBS Autotechnik") [Bitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_Cars "Bitter Cars") [Brabus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabus "Brabus") [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") [Carlsson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsson_$car_company$ "Carlsson (car company)") [Dinan Cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinan_Cars "Dinan Cars") [G-Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-Power "G-Power") [Gemballa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemballa "Gemballa") Kleemann [Lorinser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorinser "Lorinser") [Lotec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotec "Lotec") [Hamann Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamann_Motorsport "Hamann Motorsport") [Hartge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartge "Hartge") [Hofele-Design](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofele-Design "Hofele-Design") [HWA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HWA_Team "HWA Team") [Irmscher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irmscher "Irmscher") [Joest Racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joest_Racing "Joest Racing") [Karosserie Baur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karosserie_Baur "Karosserie Baur") [Koenig Specials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koenig_Specials "Koenig Specials") [Mansory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansory "Mansory") [Melkus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkus "Melkus") [MK-Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MK-Motorsport "MK-Motorsport") [Motoren Technik Mayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoren_Technik_Mayer "Motoren Technik Mayer") [Novitec Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novitec_Group "Novitec Group") [Opel Performance Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel_Performance_Center "Opel Performance Center") [Renntech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renntech "Renntech") [Rieger Tuning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rieger_Tuning "Rieger Tuning") [Rowe Racing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowe_Racing "Rowe Racing") [Ruf Automobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruf_Automobile "Ruf Automobile") [Schubert Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport "Schubert Motorsport") [Singer Vehicle Design](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Vehicle_Design "Singer Vehicle Design") [Startech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabus "Brabus") [CRD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabus "Brabus") [Steinmetz Opel Tuning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinmetz_Opel_Tuning "Steinmetz Opel Tuning") [Styling Garage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styling_Garage "Styling Garage") [Team Rosberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_Rosberg "Team Rosberg") [TechArt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechArt "TechArt") [Zakspeed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakspeed "Zakspeed") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Services \| [Mercedes-Benz Mobility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Mobility "Mercedes-Benz Mobility") [Mercedes-Benz Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Bank "Mercedes-Benz Bank") [Sixt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixt "Sixt") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Related topics \| [German Association of the Automotive Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie "Verband der Automobilindustrie") [AMI Leipzig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Mobil_International "Auto Mobil International") [Frankfurt Motor Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show "Frankfurt Motor Show") [Automechanika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automechanika "Automechanika") [IZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1 "Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)") [Euro NCAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_NCAP "Euro NCAP") 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Readable Markdown	This article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see [BMW (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_$disambiguation$ "BMW (disambiguation)"). \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg/250px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg)Corporate logotype since 2021 \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg/250px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4_cilindros_de_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania1.jpg)[BMW Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") in Munich, Germany \| \| \| Company type \| [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") \| \| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") \| [FWB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange "Frankfurt Stock Exchange"): [BMW](https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/BMW) [DAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX "DAX") component \| \| Industry \| [Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry "Automotive industry") \| \| Predecessors \| [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik "Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik") [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") [Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach "Automobilwerk Eisenach") \| \| Founded \| March 7, 1916; 110 years ago (official date)1922; 104 years ago (de facto date) \| \| Founders \| [Camillo Castiglioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Castiglioni "Camillo Castiglioni") [Franz Josef Popp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Josef_Popp "Franz Josef Popp") [\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-1) \| \| Headquarters \| Germany \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Key people \| [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") (chairman of management board) [Nicolas Peter](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Peter) (chairman of supervisory board) \| \| Products \| [Cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car "Car") [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") [bicycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle "Bicycle") \| \| Production output \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 2,661,922 cars (2023) ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) 221,988 motorcycles (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| Brands \| Automobiles [BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#Automobiles) ([i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i"), [M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M"), [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X "BMW X"), [Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z"), [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina")) [Mini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)") [Rolls-Royce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") Motorcycles [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") \| \| Services \| Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services \| \| Revenue \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) [€](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro "Euro")155\.50 [billion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_$short_scale$ "Billion (short scale)") (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €17.096 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) €12.165 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €250.89 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_$finance$ "Equity (finance)") \| ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) €92.923 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2023-2) \| \| Owners \| [Stefan Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Quandt "Stefan Quandt") (25.8%) [Susanne Klatten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Klatten "Susanne Klatten") (20.9%) [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public "Public") (53.4%)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-3) \| \| Number of employees \| 157,000 (2024)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html-4) \| \| Website \| [bmwgroup.com](http://bmwgroup.com/) (corporate) [bmw.com](http://bmw.com/) (brand) \| Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW AG),[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-5) trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (German pronunciation: [\[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German "Help:IPA/Standard German") [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De-BMW.ogg "File:De-BMW.ogg")), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of [luxury vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_car "Luxury car") and [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") headquartered in [Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich "Munich"), Germany. The moniker, "BMW ", first came into use when the German firm [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (formerly [Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik "Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik")), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lewin2016-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-History-7) BMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, [Mini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_$marque$ "Mini (marque)"), and [Rolls-Royce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars "Rolls-Royce Motor Cars") brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad") brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's [ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automotive_manufacturers_by_production "List of automotive manufacturers by production") (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-8) as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-9) In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the [Forbes Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-10) The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in [touring cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_car_racing "Touring car racing"), [sports cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car_racing "Sports car racing"), and the [Isle of Man TT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT "Isle of Man TT"). BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry. BMW AG is [headquartered in Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-11) The [Quandt family](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quandt_$family$&action=edit&redlink=1 "Quandt (family) (page does not exist)") \[[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quandt_$Familie$ "de:Quandt (Familie)")\] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers [Herbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Quandt "Herbert Quandt") and [Harald Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Quandt "Harald Quandt") in 1959 which saved BMW from [bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy "Bankruptcy"), with remaining shares owned by [the public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_float "Public float"). Sports car racing is a form of circuit racing that features sports prototype and grand tourer (GT) cars. It combines elements of open-wheel racing with touring car racing. The discipline is commonly associated with endurance racing events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which has been held annually since 1923 and is one of the longest-running motor races in the world. Historic sports car races include the Targa Florio (1906-1977), the Mille Miglia (1927-1957), and the Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954). Top-level sports car racing typically emphasizes endurance, strategy, and reliability rather than outright speed alone. Longer races often involve complex pit strategies, vehicle maintenance, and multiple driver changes during the race. As a result, sports car racing is generally considered a team-oriented sport rather than an individual competition. Team managers and constructors such as John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber, and Reinhold Joest became well known for their contributions to sports car racing teams and manufacturers. BMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW). The name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year. BMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the [BMW 801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_801 "BMW 801") aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) These consisted primarily of prisoners from [Nazi concentration camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps "Nazi concentration camps"), most prominently [Dachau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachau "Dachau"). Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether. BMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the [BMW 501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_501 "BMW 501") luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper [Isetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isetta "Isetta") microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-14) A large investment in BMW by [Herbert Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Quandt "Herbert Quandt") and [Harald Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Quandt "Harald Quandt") resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. [Günther Quandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Quandt "Günther Quandt") was a well-known German industrialist and joined the [Nazi Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party "Nazi Party") in 1933; he made a fortune arming the [Wehrmacht](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht "Wehrmacht"), manufacturing weapons and batteries.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-15) Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16) One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-VartaJVL-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-17) While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the [Nazi era](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany "Nazi Germany") by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-dw.com-12) The relative success of the small [BMW 700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_700 "BMW 700") assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans. [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/250px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg) 1972 [BMW 5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$E12$ "BMW 5 Series (E12)") (1st generation) The 1962 introduction of the [BMW New Class](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_New_Class "BMW New Class") compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The [BMW 5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the [BMW 3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") compact sedans in 1975, the [BMW 6 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series "BMW 6 Series") luxury coupés in 1976 and the [BMW 7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") large luxury sedans in 1978. The [BMW M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M "BMW M") division released its first road car, the [M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1"), a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the [BMW M5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M5 "BMW M5") in 1984 and the [BMW M3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3 "BMW M3") in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 [BMW Z1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z1 "BMW Z1") marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 [BMW Z3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z3 "BMW Z3") was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 [BMW X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$E53$ "BMW X5 (E53)") was the company's first entry into the SUV market. The company purchased the [Rover Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_Group "Rover Group") in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from [Vickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers "Vickers"). BMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-18) of a turbocharged [BMW M10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M10 "BMW M10") engine for the [BMW 02 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series")), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 [BMW ActiveHybrid 7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)"), and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the [BMW i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i3_$hatchback$ "BMW i3 (hatchback)") city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric [BMW 1602 Elektro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_02_Series "BMW 02 Series") saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-19) After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first [front-wheel drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-wheel_drive "Front-wheel drive") car was the 2014 [BMW 2 Series Active Tourer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") [multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivan "Minivan"). In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-20) In August 2019, [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") replaced [Harald Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger "Harald Krüger") as the head of the BMW Group.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-21) In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-22) This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-24) Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Haider_119%E2%80%93135-23) On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12",[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Road-25) On 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-26) In September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-27) In January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in [research and development (R\&D)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development") in 2025.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-28) BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, Bayerische Motorenwerke (German pronunciation: [\[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German "Help:IPA/Standard German") [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GT_BMW-AG.ogg "File:GT BMW-AG.ogg")) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-30) Bayerische Motorenwerke translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-31) The suffix AG, short for [Aktiengesellschaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft "Aktiengesellschaft"), signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., "Incorporated" (US) or PLC, "Public Limited Company" (UK). The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as [slang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang "Slang") for BMW in the English language[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-33) and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lighter1-34)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Lighter2-35)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-36) The circular blue and white BMW logo or [roundel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundel#Corporate_use "Roundel") evolved from the circular [Rapp Motorenwerke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke "Rapp Motorenwerke") company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the [coat of arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bavaria "Coat of arms of Bavaria") and [flag of Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bavaria "Flag of Bavaria") (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic [House of Wittelsbach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach "House of Wittelsbach"), which [ruled Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria "List of rulers of Bavaria") for many centuries).[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37) The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-38) A persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw.com-37)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-39) The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-40) removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-41)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-42) - [![Logo used in vehicles since 1997](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BMW.svg/250px-BMW.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW.svg "Logo used in vehicles since 1997") Logo used in vehicles since 1997 - [![The logo on a BMW car](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg/250px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Squircle_$120290377$.jpg "The logo on a BMW car") The logo on a BMW car - [![Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg/250px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_logo_$gray$.svg "Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020") Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020 The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-44) and first used in ads celebrating their win at the [1975 12 Hours of Sebring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_12_Hours_of_Sebring "1975 12 Hours of Sebring").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-45) In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-46) In 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization "World Intellectual Property Organization")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Protocol "Madrid Protocol") as 2nd in the world, with 124 [trademarks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarks "Trademarks") applications submitted during 2023.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-47) - Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942) - Fritz Hille (1942–1945) - Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952) - Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960) - Herbert Quandt (1960–1970)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-48) - [Eberhard von Kuenheim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberhard_von_Kuenheim "Eberhard von Kuenheim") (1970–1993)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-49) - [Bernd Pischetsrieder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder "Bernd Pischetsrieder") (1993–1999) - [Joachim Milberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Milberg "Joachim Milberg") (1999–2002)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-50) - [Helmut Panke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Panke "Helmut Panke") (2002–2006)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-51) - [Norbert Reithofer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Reithofer "Norbert Reithofer") (2006–2015)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-52) - [Harald Krüger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger "Harald Krüger") (2015–2019)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:0-53) - [Oliver Zipse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Zipse "Oliver Zipse") (2019–2026)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-54) - Milan Nedeljkovic (starting from May 2026)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-55) \| Region \| share \| \|---\|---\| \| Rest of Europe \| 28\.8% \| \| China \| 22\.3% \| \| United States \| 19\.0% \| \| Germany \| 13\.9% \| \| Rest of Asia \| 10\.4% \| \| Rest of Americas \| 3\.4% \| \| Rest of the World \| 2\.2% \| \| Region \| share \| \|---\|---\| \| Automotive \| 75\.0% \| \| Financial services \| 23\.1% \| \| Motorcycles \| 1\.9% \| The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-57)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-60) \| Year \| Revenue (€ bn) \| Net income (€ bn) \| Total assets (€ bn) \| Number of sold cars (m)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-61) \| Employees (k) \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2007 \| 56\.0 \| 3\.1 \| 88\.9 \| 1\.5 \| 107 \| \| 2008 \| 53\.1 \| 0\.32 \| 101 \| 1\.4 \| 100 \| \| 2009 \| 50\.6 \| 0\.20 \| 101 \| 1\.2 \| 96\.2 \| \| 2010 \| 60\.4 \| 3\.2 \| 108 \| 1\.4 \| 95\.4 \| \| 2011 \| 68\.8 \| 4\.8 \| 123 \| 1\.6 \| 100 \| \| 2012 \| 76\.8 \| 5\.0 \| 131 \| 1\.8 \| 105 \| \| 2013 \| 76\.0 \| 5\.3 \| 138 \| 1\.9 \| 110 \| \| 2014 \| 80\.4 \| 5\.7 \| 154 \| 2\.1 \| 116 \| \| 2015 \| 92\.1 \| 6\.3 \| 172 \| 2\.2 \| 122 \| \| 2016 \| 94\.1 \| 6\.8 \| 188 \| 2\.3 \| 124 \| \| 2017 \| 98\.6 \| 8\.6 \| 193 \| 2\.4 \| 129 \| \| 2018 \| 97\.4 \| 7\.1 \| 208 \| 2\.4 \| 134 \| \| 2019 \| 104 \| 4\.9 \| 241 \| 2\.5 \| 133 \| \| 2020 \| 98\.9 \| 3\.7 \| 216 \| 2\.3 \| 120 \| \| 2021 \| 111 \| 12\.3 \| 229 \| 2\.5 \| 118 \| \| 2022 \| 142 \| 17\.9 \| 246 \| 2\.3 \| 146 \| \| 2023 \| 155 \| 11\.2 \| 250 \| 2\.5 \| 152 \| \| 2024 \| 142 \| 7\.3 \| 268 \| 2\.5 \| 157 \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/R32-pn.jpg/250px-R32-pn.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R32-pn.jpg) The [R32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32 "BMW R32") [motorcycle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle"), the first BMW [motor vehicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle "Motor vehicle"), at the [BMW Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Museum "BMW Museum") in [Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich "Munich") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg/250px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_R1200RT_right.jpg) The 2015 [BMW R1200RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200RT "BMW R1200RT") BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-artof-62) Its motorcycle brand is now known as [BMW Motorrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad "BMW Motorrad"). Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "[R32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32 "BMW R32")" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-63) This had a "[boxer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-twin_engine "Flat-twin engine")" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the [R Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#R_series "History of BMW motorcycles"). The entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory. During the Second World War, BMW produced the [BMW R75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R75 "BMW R75") motorcycle with a motor-driven [sidecar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar "Sidecar") attached. Combined with a lockable [differential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_$mechanics$ "Differential (mechanics)"), the vehicle was very capable off-road.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-64) In 1982 came the [K Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_K1200S "BMW K1200S"), with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven [F](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#F_series "History of BMW motorcycles") and [G](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#G_series "History of BMW motorcycles") series with single and parallel twin [Rotax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax "Rotax") engines. In the early 1990s, BMW updated the [airhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhead_$motorcycle$ "Airhead (motorcycle)") Boxer engine which became known as the [oilhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhead "Oilhead"). In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the [R1200GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200GS "BMW R1200GS"), compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous [R1150GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1150GS "BMW R1150GS"). More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively. In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. BMW introduced [anti-lock brakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system "Anti-lock braking system") on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of [electronic stability control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control "Electronic stability control"), or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an [Earles fork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earles_fork "Earles fork"), front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called [swinging arm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_arm "Swinging arm")). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-65) BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought [Husqvarna Motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles "Husqvarna Motorcycles") for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-66) The design of the [bike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle "Motorcycle") was inspired by the company's [BMW R1200 GS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R1200GS "BMW R1200GS") model.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-67) The current model lines of BMW cars are: - [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series "BMW 1 Series") five-door hatchbacks (model code [F70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F70$ "BMW 1 Series (F70)")). - [2 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series "BMW 2 Series") two-door coupes (model code [G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$G42$ "BMW 2 Series (G42)")), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs ([U06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer")), four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans (model code [F74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([F78](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")). - [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")), five-door station wagons ([G21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G20 "BMW G20")). - [4 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series "BMW 4 Series") two-door coupes (model code [G22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")), two-door convertibles (model code [G23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code [G26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")). - [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")), five-door station wagons ([G61](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China ([G68](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_G60 "BMW G60")). - [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series "BMW 7 Series") four-door sedans (model code [G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)")). - [8 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series "BMW 8 Series") two-door convertibles (model code [G14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G14$ "BMW 8 Series (G14)")), two-door coupes ([G15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")) and four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans ([G16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")). - [![1 Series (F70)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg/500px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_120_$F70$_IMG_0362.jpg "1 Series (F70)") 1 Series ([F70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F70$ "BMW 1 Series (F70)")) - [![2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg/330px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_220d_$F74$_DSC_7359.jpg "2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)") 2 Series Gran Coupé ([F74](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé")) - [![2 Series (G42)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg/500px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg "2 Series (G42)") 2 Series ([G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_$G42$ "BMW 2 Series (G42)")) - [![3 Series (G20)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg "3 Series (G20)") 3 Series ([G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)")) - [![4 Series (G22)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg/500px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg "4 Series (G22)") 4 Series ([G22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_4_Series_$G22$ "BMW 4 Series (G22)")) - [![5 Series (G60)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg/500px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg "5 Series (G60)") 5 Series ([G60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$ "BMW 5 Series (G60)")) - [![7 Series (G70)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg/500px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg "7 Series (G70)") 7 Series ([G70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)")) - [![8 Series (G15)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg/500px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg "8 Series (G15)") 8 Series ([G15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_8_Series_$G15$ "BMW 8 Series (G15)")) The current model lines of the [X Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X "BMW X") SUVs and crossovers are: - [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1 "BMW X1") ([U11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$U11$ "BMW X1 (U11)")) - [X2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2 "BMW X2") ([U10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2 "BMW X2")) - [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3") ([G45](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3")) - [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5 "BMW X5") ([G05](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)")) - [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6") ([G06](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)")) - [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7") ([G07](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7_$G07$ "BMW X7 (G07)")) - [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") ([G09](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM_$G09$ "BMW XM (G09)")) - [![X1 (U11)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg/330px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg "X1 (U11)") - [![X2 (U10)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg/500px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg "X2 (U10)") - [![X3 (G45)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg/330px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G45_20_IMG_3794.jpg "X3 (G45)") - [![X5 (G05)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg "X5 (G05)") - [![X6 (G06)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg/330px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg "X6 (G06)") - [![X7 (G07)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg/330px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G07_$2022$_1X7A6450.jpg "X7 (G07)") - [![XM (G09)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg/330px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_XM_$G09$_IMG_7778.jpg "XM (G09)") The current model line of the [Z Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z "BMW Z") two-door roadsters is the Z4 (model code [G29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)")). - [![Z4 (G29)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg "Z4 (G29)") [All-electric vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-electric_vehicle "All-electric vehicle") and [plug-in hybrid vehicles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle "Plug-in hybrid vehicle") are sold under the [BMW i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i "BMW i") sub-brand. The current model range consists of: - [i3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$#BMW_i3_$G28_BEV$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) sedan, exclusive to China - [i4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i4 "BMW i4") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) liftback - [i5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i5 "BMW i5") [E-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-segment "E-segment") (executive) sedan - [i7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i7 "BMW i7") [F-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-segment "F-segment") (full-size) sedan - [iX1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX1 "BMW iX1") [C-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-segment "C-segment") (subcompact) SUV - [iX2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX2 "BMW iX2") [C-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-segment "C-segment") (subcompact) SUV - [iX3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX3_$NA5$ "BMW iX3 (NA5)") [D-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-segment "D-segment") (compact) SUV - [iX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_iX "BMW iX") [E-segment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-segment "E-segment") (mid-size) SUV - [![i3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i3_$G28$_China_$2$_$cropped$.jpg "i3") - [![i4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg/500px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg "i4") - [![i5](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg/500px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg "i5") - [![i7](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg/330px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg "i7") - [![iX1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg/500px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg "iX1") - [![iX2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg/330px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg "iX2") - [![iX3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg/330px-BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX3_NA5_IAA_2025_DSC_1285.jpg "iX3") - [![iX](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg/500px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg "iX") In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as iPerformance models. Examples include the [225xe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer "BMW 2 Series Active Tourer") using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the [330e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$F30$#330e_iPerformance "BMW 3 Series (F30)")/[530e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#Powertrain "BMW 5 Series (G60)") using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-68)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:1-69) and the [550e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G60$#Specifications "BMW 5 Series (G60)")/[750e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$#Specifications "BMW 7 Series (G70)") using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:1-69)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-70) Also, [crossover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_$automobile$ "Crossover (automobile)") and [SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV "SUV") plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: [X1 xDrive25e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_xDrive25e "BMW X1 xDrive25e"), [X2 xDrive25e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X2_xDrive25e "BMW X2 xDrive25e"), [X3 xDrive30e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3_xDrive30e "BMW X3 xDrive30e"), and [X5 xDrive40e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_xDrive40e "BMW X5 xDrive40e").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-71) The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978. As of November 2024, the M lineup is:[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-72)\[[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")\] - [M2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M2 "BMW M2") two-door coupe - [M3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3 "BMW M3") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon - [M4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M4 "BMW M4") two-door coupe/convertible - [M5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M5 "BMW M5") four-door sedan and five-door station wagon - [M8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M8 "BMW M8") two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan - [X5 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)") mid-size SUV[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-73) - [X6 M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6_$G06$ "BMW X6 (G06)") mid-size coupe SUV[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-74) - [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") Large SUV[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-75) - [![M2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg/330px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg "M2") - [![M3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/500px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg "M3") - [![M4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg/500px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M4_$G82$_IMG_4183.jpg "M4") - [![M5](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg/330px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg "M5") - [![M8](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg/500px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg "M8") - [![X5 M](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg/330px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_X5_M_$G05$_IMG_3370.jpg "X5 M") - [![X6 M](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg/330px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_X6_M_Competition_$G06$_IMG_3572.jpg "X6 M") The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the [F20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F20$ "BMW 1 Series (F20)") M140i model, the [G11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G11$ "BMW 7 Series (G11)") M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar. ### Naming convention for models \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Naming convention for models")\] BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including: - [Touring cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_cars "Touring cars"), such as [DTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Meisterschaft "Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft"), [WTCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Touring_Car_Championship "World Touring Car Championship"), [ETCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Touring_Car_Championship "European Touring Car Championship") and [BTCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Touring_Car_Championship "British Touring Car Championship") - [Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One "BMW in Formula One") - Endurance racing, such as [24 Hours Nürburgring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgring "24 Hours Nürburgring"), [24 Hours of Le Mans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans "24 Hours of Le Mans"), [24 Hours of Daytona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Daytona "24 Hours of Daytona") and [Spa 24 Hours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa_24_Hours "Spa 24 Hours") - [Isle of Man TT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT "Isle of Man TT") - [Dakar Rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar_Rally "Dakar Rally") - [American Le Mans Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series "American Le Mans Series") - [IMSA SportsCar Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship "IMSA SportsCar Championship") - [Formula BMW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_BMW "Formula BMW"), a junior racing [Formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_racing "Formula racing") category - [Formula Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Two "Formula Two") - [Formula E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_E "Formula E") - [Superbike World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superbike_World_Championship "Superbike World Championship") - [![2016 BMW M4 DTM](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg/330px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:16_Timo_Glock_$27860673816$.jpg "2016 BMW M4 DTM") - [![2016 BMW M6 GT3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg/330px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg "2016 BMW M6 GT3") - [![2016 BMW S1000RR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg/330px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg "2016 BMW S1000RR") - [![2007 BMW Sauber F1.07](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg/500px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg "2007 BMW Sauber F1.07") ## Involvement in the arts \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: Involvement in the arts")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG/250px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_02.JPG) BMW Headquarters The global [BMW Headquarters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquarters "BMW Headquarters") in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a [four-cylinder engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-four_engine "Straight-four engine"). It was designed by [Karl Schwanzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Schwanzer "Karl Schwanzer") and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower. [BMW Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Museum "BMW Museum") is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-77) The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo. [BMW Welt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Welt "BMW Welt"), the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by [Coop Himmelb(l)au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coop_Himmelb$l$au "Coop Himmelb(l)au") and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-78) - [![BMW Museum](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg/250px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg "BMW Museum") BMW Museum - [![BMW Welt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg/330px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Welt,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania,_2013-04-22,_DD_03.jpg "BMW Welt") BMW Welt In 1975, sculptor [Alexander Calder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder "Alexander Calder") was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [Hervé Poulain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Poulain "Hervé Poulain") at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [David Hockney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hockney "David Hockney"), [Jenny Holzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Holzer "Jenny Holzer"), [Roy Lichtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein "Roy Lichtenstein"), [Robert Rauschenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg "Robert Rauschenberg"), [Frank Stella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Stella "Frank Stella"), and [Andy Warhol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol "Andy Warhol").[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Patton2009-76) To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created. - [![1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Calder_CSL.jpg/330px-Calder_CSL.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calder_CSL.jpg "1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder") 1975 [3\.0 CSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3.0_CSL "BMW 3.0 CSL") Art Car by Alexander Calder - [![1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BMW_M1.jpg/250px-BMW_M1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_M1.jpg "1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol") 1979 [M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1") Art Car by Andy Warhol BMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with [Art Basel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Basel "Art Basel"), and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-80) BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 [The Art of the Motorcycle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Motorcycle "The Art of the Motorcycle") exhibition at various [Guggenheim museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Museums "List of Guggenheim Museums"), though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-82) In 2012, BMW began sponsoring [Independent Collectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Collectors "Independent Collectors") production of the BMW Art Guide, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-83) The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-Borowik_Collection-84) ## Production and sales \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: Production and sales")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg) [Spot welding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_welding "Spot welding") 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries: - Germany: Munich, [Dingolfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing "BMW Group Plant Dingolfing"), Regensburg and Leipzig - United States: [Spartanburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States#Spartanburg_manufacturing_plant "BMW in the United States")[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-85)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-86) - Mexico: San Luis Potosí[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-87) - China: [Shenyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang "Shenyang") - South Africa: Rosslyn BMW also has local assembly operation using [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-88) In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-89) The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-90)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens. By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-92) On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-alcl1-93) Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-AR2010-91) Annual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports: \* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include [Husqvarna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles "Husqvarna Motorcycles") models. \\ Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units. In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-94) In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-95) Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-96) This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-97) leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-98) ## Industry collaboration \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: Industry collaboration")\] BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions: - [McLaren Automotive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_Automotive "McLaren Automotive"): BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the [McLaren F1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_F1 "McLaren F1").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-100) - [Groupe PSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_PSA "Groupe PSA") (predecessor to [Stellantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis "Stellantis")): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-101) - [Daimler Benz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Benz "Daimler Benz"): Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the [ActiveHybrid 7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$F01$#ActiveHybrid_7_$F04$ "BMW 7 Series (F01)").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-102)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-103) Development of automated driving technology.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-104) - [Toyota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota "Toyota"): Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop [fuel cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell "Fuel cell") technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 [BMW Z4 (G29)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Z4_$G29$ "BMW Z4 (G29)") and [Toyota Supra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Supra "Toyota Supra")) and research [lithium-air batteries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery "Lithium–air battery").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-106)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-107) - [Audi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi "Audi") and [Mercedes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz "Mercedes-Benz"): Joint purchase of Nokia's [Here WeGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_WeGo "Here WeGo") (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-108) - In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-109) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg/250px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg) BMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the [United States Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee "United States Olympic Committee") in July 2010.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-111) In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-112) including the [PGA Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_PGA_Championship "BMW PGA Championship") since 2007,[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-114) the [Italian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Open_$golf$ "Italian Open (golf)") from 2009 to 2012, the [BMW Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Masters "BMW Masters") in China from 2012 to 2015[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-116) and the [BMW International Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_International_Open "BMW International Open") in Munich since 1989.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-117) In [rugby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football "Rugby football"), BMW sponsored the [South Africa national rugby union team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team "South Africa national rugby union team") from 2011 to 2015.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-119) ## Car-sharing services \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=25 "Edit section: Car-sharing services")\] [DriveNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DriveNow "DriveNow") was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-120) DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-121) In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-122)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-123) The [ReachNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReachNow "ReachNow") car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-124) ReachNow currently operates in [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle,_Washington "Seattle, Washington"), [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon "Portland, Oregon") and [Brooklyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York "Brooklyn, New York"). In 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car [subscription service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscription_service "Subscription service") for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in [Nashville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville "Nashville"), Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was "suspended".[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-125) ## Overseas subsidiaries \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=26 "Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries")\] ### Production facilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=27 "Edit section: Production facilities")\] The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and [Brilliance Auto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliance_Auto "Brilliance Auto").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-126)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-127) The plant was opened in the [Shenyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang "Shenyang") industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-bmw_sub-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-129) In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-130) Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-131) On 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-:0-53) In February 2022, BMW invested an additional \$4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-132) In June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-133) The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US\$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor [Olaf Scholz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Scholz "Olaf Scholz")'s visit to China.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-134) On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near [Debrecen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrecen "Debrecen"), will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-135) In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of [San Luis Potosí](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD "San Luis Potosí") involving an investment of \$1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-MexicoBMW-136) The Mini Convertible, [Mini Countryman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_Countryman "Mini Countryman") and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the [VDL Nedcar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDL_Nedcar "VDL Nedcar") factory in [Born](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born,_Netherlands "Born, Netherlands") up until its closure on February 16, 2024.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-137)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-138)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-139) The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-140) Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-141) BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-142) when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in [Rosslyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosslyn,_Gauteng "Rosslyn, Gauteng"), near [Pretoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria "Pretoria"). BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company "Ford Motor Company") and [GM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors "General Motors"), which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of [apartheid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid "Apartheid") in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to [right hand drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_hand_drive "Right hand drive") markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as [Sub-Saharan Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa "Sub-Saharan Africa"). Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in [left-hand drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-hand_drive "Left-hand drive") for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America. Three unique models that [BMW Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorsport "BMW Motorsport") created for the South African market were the [E23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E23 "BMW E23") M745i (1983), which used the [M88](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M88 "BMW M88") engine from the [BMW M1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M1 "BMW M1"), the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre [M30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M30 "BMW M30") engine to the [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E30 "BMW E30"),[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-143) and the [E30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$E30$ "BMW 3 Series (E30)") BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an [Alpina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina "Alpina")\-derived 2.7-litre engine. The plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is "N".[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-144) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg/250px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg) BMW Zentrum museum in [Spartanburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartanburg_County "Spartanburg County"), South Carolina BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-145) and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-146) The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-147) In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-148) The manufacturing plant in [Greer, South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greer,_South_Carolina "Greer, South Carolina") has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-roundel201504-149) currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-BMWfactory-150) The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3"), [X4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X4 "BMW X4"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5 "BMW X5"), [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6"), [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7") and [XM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_XM "BMW XM") SUV models. In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America. ### Complete knock-down assembly facilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=34 "Edit section: Complete knock-down assembly facilities")\] On 9 October 2014, BMW's new [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Araquari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araquari "Araquari"), assembled its first car— an [F30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F30 "BMW F30") 3 Series.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-151)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-152) The cars assembled at Araquari are the [F20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F20 "BMW F20") 1 Series, [F30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F30 "BMW F30") 3 Series, [F48](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F48 "BMW F48") X1, [F25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_F25 "BMW F25") X3 and Mini Countryman.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153) [Bavarian Auto Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Auto_Group "Bavarian Auto Group") became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") components at the BMW plant in Cairo.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153) BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in [Gurugram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurugram "Gurugram"). A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in [Chennai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai "Chennai") in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-153)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-154) The 20 Million [Euro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro "Euro") plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year. PT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in [Central Jakarta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Jakarta "Central Jakarta"). It was managed by [PT. Astra International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_International "Astra International"). 10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion [Indonesian rupiah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah "Indonesian rupiah") to expand its production, by establish the [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Gaya Motor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_International "Astra International")'s production facility in [Sunter, Jakarta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunter,_Jakarta "Sunter, Jakarta"). the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market [2 Series (gran coupé)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9 "BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé"), [3 Series (sedan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$G20$ "BMW 3 Series (G20)"), [5 Series (sedan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series_$G30$ "BMW 5 Series (G30)"), [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G70$ "BMW 7 Series (G70)"), [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$U11$ "BMW X1 (U11)"), [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3_$G01$ "BMW X3 (G01)"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$G05$ "BMW X5 (G05)"), [X7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X7 "BMW X7"), and [Mini Countryman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_Countryman "Mini Countryman"). BMW's [complete knock-down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-down_kit "Knock-down kit") (CKD) assembly plant in [Kedah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah "Kedah"). Assembled Malaysia-market [1 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1_Series_$F20$ "BMW 1 Series (F20)"), [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series_$F30$ "BMW 3 Series (F30)"), [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series"), [7 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_7_Series_$G11$ "BMW 7 Series (G11)"), [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X1_$F48$ "BMW X1 (F48)"), [X3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X3 "BMW X3"), [X4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X4_$F26$ "BMW X4 (F26)"), [X5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X5_$F15$ "BMW X5 (F15)"), [X6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_X6 "BMW X6") and Mini Countryman since 2008.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-155) Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in [Kaliningrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad "Kaliningrad") beginning in 1999.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-156) In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-157) In Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the [1600](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_1600 "BMW 1600"), [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_2002 "BMW 2002"), [3 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_3_Series "BMW 3 Series") and [5 Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Series "BMW 5 Series"), totalling 12,000 units.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-159) BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa"), was opened in 1969.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-160) In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-161) BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-162) BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-163) BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of [San Miguel Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel_Corporation "San Miguel Corporation"), is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-164) BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-165) BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near [Incheon International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport "Incheon International Airport").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-166) BMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-167) BMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for [Apple Car Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Car_Play "Apple Car Play"). After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-168)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-169) In 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners \$18 a month to use heated seats.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-170) They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_note-171) - [BMW Group Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Group_Classic "BMW Group Classic") - [List of BMW engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BMW_engines "List of BMW engines") 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-1) Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines](https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. p. 10. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-5017-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1") . 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-AR2023_2-5) ["BMW Group Report 2023"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2023/downloads/BMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf) (PDF). BMW AG. pp. 328–329. Retrieved 2 September 2024. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-3)* ["BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/bmw-shares.html). www.bmwgroup.com. Retrieved 11 July 2023. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html_4-0) Cite error: The named reference `<https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html>` was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text "Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text")). 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-5) ["Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft"](https://opencorporates.com/companies/de/D2601V_HRB42243). [OpenCorporates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCorporates "OpenCorporates"). 12 December 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2025. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Lewin2016_6-0) Lewin, Tony (November 2016). [The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines](https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Motorbooks. pp. 9–10\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-5017-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-5017-1") . 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-History_7-0) ["History"](https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/company/history.html). BMW AG. Retrieved 10 August 2021. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-8) ["2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer"](https://www.factorywarrantylist.com/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html). F\&I Tools USA. 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-9) ["Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller"](https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/30723/umfrage/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller/). Statista. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-10) ["The Global 2000 2023"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). Forbes. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-11) ["Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born"](https://nos.nl/artikel/2352434-tegenslag-voor-nedcar-bmw-stopt-in-2023-met-de-productie-in-born). nos.nl. 15 October 2020. 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-dw.com_12-1) ["Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years"](https://www.dw.com/en/horsepower-under-the-hood-and-skeletons-in-the-closet-bmw-celebrates-100-years/a-19095189). Deutsche Welle. 2016. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-13)* ["BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/miscellaneous/bmw-mercedes-pivot-from-enemies-to-partners-in-new-auto-era/articleshow/67176867.cms). The Times of India. 20 December 2018. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0971-8257](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257). Retrieved 17 December 2024. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-14) ["Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW"](https://www.motor1.com/news/699865/mercedes-owned-audi-almost-bought-bmw/). Motor1.com. Retrieved 14 January 2025. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-15) ["BMW and the Holocaust"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221231192214/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust). Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust) on 31 December 2022. 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-VartaJVL_16-1) ["Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221230130131/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/varta-battery-factories). Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from [the original](https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/varta-battery-factories) on 30 December 2022. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-17)* ["BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich"](https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/breaking-the-silence-bmw-s-quandt-family-to-investigate-wealth-amassed-in-third-reich-a-511193.html). Der Spiegel. 2007. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-18) ["BMW 2002 turbo"](https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230425132944/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800) 25 April 2023 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-19) ["BMW 1602 Elektro"](https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220428080131/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907) 28 April 2022 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-20) Digitale, Usine (28 March 2018). ["BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité"](https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/bmw-et-daimler-regroupent-leurs-services-mobilites.N673254). usine digitale. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-21) ["Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG"](https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0298910EN/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en). press bmw group. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-22) ["BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7). Reuters. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021. 23. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Haider_119%E2%80%93135_23-1) Haider, Martin (30 June 2020). ["Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group"](https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/hungeobull/article/view/3209). Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 69* (2): 119–135\. [Bibcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_$identifier$ "Bibcode (identifier)"):[2020HuGBu..69..119H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020HuGBu..69..119H). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.15201/hungeobull.69.2.3](https://doi.org/10.15201%2Fhungeobull.69.2.3). 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-24) Kukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (7 July 2021). ["The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader"](https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021/full/html). Journal of Business Strategy. 42 (4): 268–277\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021](https://doi.org/10.1108%2FJBS-02-2020-0021). [hdl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_$identifier$ "Hdl (identifier)"):[10256/19355](https://hdl.handle.net/10256%2F19355). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0275-6668](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0275-6668). 25. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-Road_25-1) Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). ["BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li"](https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a38803898/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12/). Road & Track. Hearst Communications. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-26)* Sergeev, Angel (5 October 2023). ["Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss"](https://www.motor1.com/news/690049/rolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement/). motor1. Retrieved 5 October 2023. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-27) Kharpal, Arjun (10 September 2025). ["Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/qualcomm-bmw-launch-driverless-tech-ceo-says-other-carmakers-next.html). CNBC. Retrieved 9 December 2025. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-28) ["Growth in EU private R\&D investment slows \\| Science\\|Business"](https://sciencebusiness.net/news/eu-budget/growth-eu-private-rd-investment-slows). sciencebusiness.net. Retrieved 1 April 2026. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-29) Hans List: Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Springer, Wien, 1949. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783662294888](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783662294888 "Special:BookSources/9783662294888") . Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW#cite_ref-30) Roland Löwisch: BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar. 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[ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3932169468](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3932169468 "Special:BookSources/3932169468") . - Hodges, David (2000). BMW. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [0750921447](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921447 "Special:BookSources/0750921447") . - Kiley, David (2004). [Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World](https://archive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/mode/2up). John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-471-26920-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5") . - Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). BMW: Typen und Geschichte \[BMW: Types and History\] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3768814203](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3768814203 "Special:BookSources/3768814203") . - Lewin, Tony (2022). BMW Century (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780760373774](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760373774 "Special:BookSources/9780760373774") . - Noakes, Andrew (2010). The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo. Bath: Parragon Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781407549781](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781407549781 "Special:BookSources/9781407549781") . - [Schrader, Halwart](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwart_Schrader "de:Halwart Schrader") \[in German\] (2011). BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion \[BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection\] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783613033788](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613033788 "Special:BookSources/9783613033788") . - ———————— (2016). BMW: Von 1981 bis heute \[BMW: From 1981 to today\]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9783613038721](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613038721 "Special:BookSources/9783613038721") . - Werner, Constanze (2006). Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW \[War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW\] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [3486577921](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3486577921 "Special:BookSources/3486577921") . 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