🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa071)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter","crawl_time":1774448204,"first_indexed_time":1456167944,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"All Lives Matter - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\"All Lives Matter\" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017\nAll Lives Matter\nis a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the\nBlack Lives Matter\n(BLM) movement,\n[\n1\n]\n[\n2\n]\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\ninitially popularized on social media following the police killings of\nMichael Brown\nand\nEric Garner\nin 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that\npolice violence\nand discrimination disproportionately affect\nBlack Americans\n, or that it misinterprets \"Black Lives Matter\" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it.\nHistory\nThe All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the\nBlack Lives Matter\nmovement.\n[\n5\n]\nThe use of the All Lives Matter slogan on\nTwitter\nfollowing the killings of\nMichael Brown\nand\nEric Garner\nbegan in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of\nracial violence\nagainst\nAfrican Americans\n, and spread as a\nconservative\nrejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of\npolice brutality\nand\nethnic violence\n.\n[\n1\n]\n[\n6\n]\n[\n7\n]\nSome supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely.\n[\n8\n]\nThe All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the\n2016 United States presidential election\n.\n[\n5\n]\nIn June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate\nHillary Clinton\nfaced backlash after using the phrase \"all lives matter\" at an African-American church in\nMissouri\nduring her presidential campaign.\n[\n9\n]\nMartin O'Malley\n, another 2016\nDemocratic\npresidential candidate, was booed when he said: \"\nWhite lives matter\n. All lives matter.\"\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nSeveral\nRepublican\ncandidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said \"All lives matter\" at one of his rallies,\n[\n12\n]\nand claimed that \"Black Lives Matter\" is a divisive and racist term.\n[\n13\n]\nUnited States Republican\nSenator\nTim Scott\nhas used the term when calling for racial equality and unity.\n[\n14\n]\nBen Carson\n, former\nSecretary of Housing and Urban Development\nunder\nDonald Trump\n, is a proponent of All Lives Matter,\n[\n15\n]\nas is Senator\nRand Paul\n, who has claimed that Black Lives Matter \"focused on the wrong targets\". Paul stated that \"I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter.\"\n[\n16\n]\nOther Republican supporters include\nMike Pence\n[\n17\n]\nand\nRudy Giuliani\n.\n[\n18\n]\nOn February 24, 2016,\nMark Zuckerberg\n, CEO of\nFacebook\n, sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten \"Black Lives Matter\" phrases on the company walls and had written \"All Lives Matter\" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but \"malicious as well\".\n[\n19\n]\nAccording to Zuckerberg's memo, \"\nBlack Lives Matter\ndoesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve.\" The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, \"means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's.\"\n[\n20\n]\n[\n21\n]\n[\n22\n]\nIn July 2016, American football player\nRichard Sherman\nsupported the All Lives Matter message, saying \"I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings.\" He wanted African Americans to be \"treated like human beings\" and did not want innocent police officers being killed.\n[\n23\n]\n[\n24\n]\nOn October 2, 2016, a fan at a\nChicago Bears\nNFL\ngame ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read \"All Lives Matter\" on the front.\n[\n25\n]\nAt a performance during the\n2016 MLB All-Star Game\nin July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of\nThe Tenors\n, held up an \"All Lives Matter\" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem \"\nO Canada\n\".\n[\n26\n]\nPereira sang, \"We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great,\" instead of the lines, \"With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free.\"\n[\n26\n]\nEven after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting \"I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose.\"\n[\n26\n]\nActivists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in\nDallas\n, stating: \"We're all brothers and sisters.\"\n[\n27\n]\nAmerican\nrapper\nXXXTentacion\ncame under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song \"\nLook at Me!\n\". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that \"[Y]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder,\" in similar fashion to his song \"\nRiot\n\", which criticized many rioters associated with the\nBlack Lives Matter\nmovement.\n[\n28\n]\nOn June 11, 2020, Australian senator and\nOne Nation\nleader\nPauline Hanson\nput forward a bid to pass an \"all lives matter\" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2.\n[\n29\n]\n[\n30\n]\nIn July 2020,\nCisco Systems\nfired \"a handful\" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured\nDarren Walker\nand\nBryan Stevenson\nspeaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase \"All Lives Matter\".\n[\n31\n]\nOn September 11, 2020, the phrase \"All Buildings Matter\" became a trending topic on\nTwitter\n. The phrase was popularized by comedian\nMichael Che\nas a parody of \"All Lives Matter\", in reference to the\nSeptember 11th attacks\n.\n[\n32\n]\n[\n33\n]\nMotivation and beliefs\nThe motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the\nBritish Journal Of Social Psychology\n, measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against\nBlack people\nare correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support\nracial color blindness\nas a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic.\n[\n5\n]\nSupport for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements.\n[\n5\n]\nCriticisms\n\"What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?\", a sign at a\nprotest against Donald Trump\nExternal image\n\"All Houses Matter\"\n,\nChainsawsuit\n,\nKris Straub\n, July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see \"All Lives Matter\" as problematic.\n[\n34\n]\nAccording to professor of\ncritical race theory\n,\nDavid Theo Goldberg\n, \"All Lives Matter\" reflects a view of \"racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial\".\n[\n35\n]\nPhilosopher Chris Lebron describes \"All Lives Matter\" as a \"disingenuous retort\" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents.\n[\n36\n]\nOn\nReal Time with Bill Maher\n,\nBill Maher\nexpressed support for use of the \"Black Lives Matter\" phrase, stating that \"'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not\".\n[\n37\n]\nFounders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, \"#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within\nwhite supremacy\n, are important to your liberation.\"\n[\n38\n]\nBlack Lives Matter movement co-founder\nAlicia Garza\nargues that \"all lives matter\" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: \"When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy.\"\n[\n38\n]\nIn a video interview with\nLaura Flanders\n, Garza said that \"changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand\nstructural racism\nin this country\".\n[\n39\n]\nPresident\nBarack Obama\nspoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.\n[\n40\n]\nObama said, \"I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities.\" He also said \"that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address.\"\n[\n41\n]\nIn July 2016,\nUSA Today\nconcluded from the thoughts of\nColumbia University\nsociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase\nAll Lives Matter\ncould \"be interpreted as racist\". It also cited professor\nJoe Feagin\n, who said that\nwhite people\nuse the phrase \"All Lives Matter\" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as \"already about liberty and justice for all.\"\nUSA Today\nreported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag #AllLivesMatter, including\nJennifer Lopez\nand\nFetty Wap\n, had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag.\n[\n42\n]\nIt also mentioned cartoonist\nKris Straub\n, who tweeted a cartoon titled \"All Houses Matter\", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term.\n[\n34\n]\nAndrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the\nUniversity of Colorado Boulder\n, has provided a criticism of \"All Lives Matter\" from the perspective of\nphilosophy of language\n. According to Chapman, while both \"Black Lives Matter\" and \"All Lives Matter\" are\ntrue\n(and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan \"All Lives Matter\" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial\npragmatic\ncomponent, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, \"all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means).\"\n[\n43\n]\nSee also\nBlue Lives Matter\nReverse racism\nReferences\n^\na\nb\nEdgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018).\nThe struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter\n.\nLexington Books\n. pp. \nxxi–\nxxii.\nISBN\n \n978-1-4985-7206-4\n.\n^\nLopez, German (July 11, 2016).\n\"Why you should stop saying \"all lives matter,\" explained in 9 different ways\"\n.\nVox\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 26, 2019\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 19,\n2019\n.\n^\nTownes, Carimah (October 22, 2015).\n\"Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'\n\"\n.\nThinkProgress\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 4, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 6,\n2016\n.\n^\nYancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015).\n\"What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?\"\n.\nOpinionator\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nWest, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021).\n\"Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'\n\"\n.\nBritish Journal of Social Psychology\n.\n60\n(4):\n1136–\n1153.\ndoi\n:\n10.1111\/bjso.12458\n.\nPMID\n \n33977556\n.\nS2CID\n \n234474038\n.\n^\nGallagher, Ryan J.; Reagan, Andrew J.; Danforth, Christopher M.; Dodds, Peter Sheridan (April 18, 2018).\n\"Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter\"\n.\nPLOS ONE\n.\n13\n(4) e0195644.\narXiv\n:\n1606.06820\n.\nBibcode\n:\n2018PLoSO..1395644G\n.\ndoi\n:\n10.1371\/journal.pone.0195644\n.\nISSN\n \n1932-6203\n.\nPMC\n \n5906010\n.\nPMID\n \n29668754\n.\n^\nAlexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). \"Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere\".\nBreaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere\n. Cambridge University Press. pp. \n70–\n91.\nISBN\n \n978-1-108-42723-4\n– via Google Books.\n^\nCarney, Nikita (May 2016). \"All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media\".\nHumanity & Society\n.\n40\n(2):\n180–\n199.\ndoi\n:\n10.1177\/0160597616643868\n.\nS2CID\n \n147003489\n.\n^\nRappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015).\n\"Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash\"\n.\nFirst Draft News\n.\n^\nWagner, John (July 18, 2015).\n\"O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.'\n\"\n.\nWashington Post\n. Archived from\nthe original\non December 5, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nHensch, Mark (July 18, 2015).\n\"\n'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events\"\n.\nThe Hill\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 28, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nSwan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016).\n\"Trump to protesters: All lives matter\"\n.\nThe Hill\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 18,\n2021\n.\n^\nWeigel, David (July 12, 2016).\n\"Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'\n\"\n.\nWashington Post\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 2, 2018\n. Retrieved\nNovember 20,\n2016\n.\n^\nScott, Eugene (September 3, 2015).\n\"Tim Scott defends use of \"all lives matter\"\n\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 12, 2019\n. Retrieved\nOctober 24,\n2015\n.\n^\nSherfinski, David (October 15, 2015).\n\"Ben Carson: 'Of course all lives matter — and all lives includes black lives'\n\"\n.\nThe Washington Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 22, 2019\n. Retrieved\nNovember 20,\n2016\n.\n^\nMarino, Gordon (September 2, 2015).\n\"All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter\"\n.\nCommonweal\n.\n15\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 4, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 2,\n2020\n.\n^\nQuinn, Melissa (June 6, 2020).\n\"Pence on Black Lives Matter: \"I really believe all lives matter\"\n\"\n.\nCBS News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 18,\n2021\n.\n^\nLim, Naomi (July 11, 2016).\n\"Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist'\n\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 18,\n2021\n.\n^\nSelyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016).\n\"Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'\n\"\n.\nNPR\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 17, 2016\n. Retrieved\nJune 18,\n2016\n.\n^\nKing, Shaun (February 25, 2016).\n\"Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases\"\n. New York.\nNew York Daily News\n. Archived from\nthe original\non February 2, 2019\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 26,\n2016\n.\n^\nJessica, Guynn (February 25, 2016).\n\"Zuckerberg reprimands Facebook staff defacing 'Black Lives Matter' slogan\"\n.\nUSA Today\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 18, 2020\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 26,\n2016\n.\n^\nSnyder, Benjamin (February 25, 2016).\n\"Mark Zuckerberg Takes Facebook Workers to Task Over 'All Lives Matter' Graffiti\"\n.\nFortune\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on January 29, 2020\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 26,\n2016\n.\n^\nFoxworthy, Dominique (July 26, 2016).\n\"RICHARD SHERMAN: AS HUMAN BEINGS, ALL LIVES MATTER\"\n.\nAndscape\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 3, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 7,\n2020\n.\n^\nSamuel, Ebenezer (July 27, 2016).\n\"Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman explains why he stands by that All Lives Matter\"\n.\nNew York Daily News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 1, 2019\n. Retrieved\nAugust 6,\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game\"\n.\nChicago Sun-Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 12, 2020\n. Retrieved\nOctober 18,\n2016\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nShepherd, Ken (July 13, 2016).\n\"Remigio Pereira, who worked 'All Lives Matter' into Canadian anthem, suspended from singing group\"\n.\nThe Washington Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on August 17, 2016\n. Retrieved\nAugust 6,\n2016\n.\n^\nGauthier, Brendan (July 12, 2016).\n\"WATCH: \"We're all brothers and sisters\": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas\"\n.\nSalon\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 12, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 10,\n2016\n.\n^\nA, Aron (September 14, 2017).\n\"XXXTENTACION Says \"Look at Me\" Video Is \"All Lives Matter\"\n\"\n.\nHotNewHipHop\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 18, 2017\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 28,\n2020\n.\n^\nYoung, Evan (June 12, 2020).\n\"Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate\"\n.\nSBS World News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 18,\n2021\n.\n^\nHurst, Daniel (June 11, 2020).\n\"Senators unite to block Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 18, 2021\n. Retrieved\nDecember 18,\n2021\n.\n^\nGrant, Nico; King, Ian (July 17, 2020).\n\"Cisco fires workers for racial comments during diversity forum\"\n.\nBloomberg News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 28, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 31,\n2020\n.\n^\nSeren Morris (September 11, 2020).\n\"Why \"All Buildings Matter\" is trending on 9\/11 anniversary\"\n.\nNewsweek.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2020\n.\n^\nFarrell, Paul (September 11, 2020).\n\"\n'All Buildings Matter' Becomes Top Twitter Trend on 9\/11 Anniversary\"\n.\nHeavy\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on January 19, 2021\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 11,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nMay, Ashley (July 13, 2016).\n\"#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say\"\n.\nUSA Today\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 7, 2016\n. Retrieved\nMay 25,\n2025\n.\n^\nGoldberg, David Theo\n(September 25, 2015).\n\"Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America\"\n.\nHuffPost\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 31, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 18,\n2015\n.\n^\nLebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018).\nThe Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea\n. Oxford University Press.\nISBN\n \n978-0-19-091075-4\n.\nOCLC\n \n1059579720\n.\n^\nBill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?\n. YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from\nthe original\non March 10, 2016\n. Retrieved\nNovember 19,\n2015\n.\n^\na\nb\nGarza, Alicia (October 7, 2014).\n\"A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement\"\n.\nThe Feminist Wire\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 2, 2015\n. Retrieved\nOctober 2,\n2015\n.\n^\nFlanders, Laura\n(March 24, 2015).\n\"Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of #BlackLivesMatter\"\n. Truthout.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 24, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 25,\n2015\n.\n^\n\"President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement\"\n.\nCBS News\n. CBS\/AP. October 23, 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 23, 2015\n. Retrieved\nOctober 24,\n2015\n.\n^\nTucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen.\n\"Tactics of Black Lives Matter\"\n.\nKCTS-TV\n. Archived from\nthe original\non November 2, 2015.\n^\nVictor, Daniel (July 15, 2016).\n\"Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\n^\n\"The Pragmatics of Saying \"All Lives Matter\": A Critique\"\n.\nAgainstprofphil.org\n. June 26, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 19, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 20,\n2021\n.\nFurther reading\nAtkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019).\n\"\nBlack Lives Matter\nor\nAll Lives Matter\n? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice\"\n.\nSocial Epistemology\n.\n33\n(1):\n1–\n22.\ndoi\n:\n10.1080\/02691728.2018.1483879\n.\nS2CID\n \n149718854\n.\nAgozino, Biko (April 2018). \"Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter\".\nAfrican Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies\n.\n11\n(1):\n1–\n11.\nGale\n \n676106490\nProQuest\n \n2046674973\n.\nKil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). \"Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of \"All Lives Matter\"\n\".\nCommunication Theory\n.\n30\n(1):\n21–\n40.\ndoi\n:\n10.1093\/ct\/qtz019\n.\nTawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). \"\n'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks\".\nRace and Social Problems\n.\n8\n(2):\n196–\n208.\ndoi\n:\n10.1007\/s12552-016-9171-z\n.\nS2CID\n \n255613498\n.\nKeiser, Jessica (December 2021).\n\"The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice\"\n.\nSynthese\n.\n199\n(\n3–\n4):\n8465–\n8483.\ndoi\n:\n10.1007\/s11229-021-03171-y\n.\nS2CID\n \n235556011\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=All+Lives+Matter \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=All+Lives+Matter \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#History)\n- [2 Motivation and beliefs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#Motivation_and_beliefs)\n- [3 Criticisms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#Criticisms)\n- [4 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#See_also)\n- [5 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#References)\n- [6 Further reading](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#Further_reading)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# All Lives Matter\n11 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9 \"حياة الجميع مهمة – Arabic\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Belarusian\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – German\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Estonian\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – French\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Indonesian\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Portuguese\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Russian\")\n- [Kiswahili](https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Swahili\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"All Lives Matter – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q28130581#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:All_Lives_Matter \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=edit)\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/All_Lives_Matter \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/All_Lives_Matter \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&oldid=1324183272 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=All_Lives_Matter&id=1324183272&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAll_Lives_Matter)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=All_Lives_Matter&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_Lives_Matter)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q28130581 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nCounterslogan to Black Lives Matter\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg\/250px-Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Defending_Portland_\\(34939466302\\)_\\(cropped\\).jpg)\n\n\"All Lives Matter\" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017\n\n**All Lives Matter** is a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") (BLM) movement,[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-4) initially popularized on social media following the police killings of [Michael Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Michael_Brown \"Killing of Michael Brown\") and [Eric Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Garner \"Killing of Eric Garner\") in 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that [police violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality \"Police brutality\") and discrimination disproportionately affect [Black Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), or that it misinterprets \"Black Lives Matter\" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it.\n\n## History\nThe All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") movement.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) The use of the All Lives Matter slogan on [Twitter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter \"Twitter\") following the killings of [Michael Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown \"Shooting of Michael Brown\") and [Eric Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Garner \"Killing of Eric Garner\") began in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of [racial violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_violence \"Racial violence\") against [African Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), and spread as a [conservative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conservatism \"Conservatism\") rejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of [police brutality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality \"Police brutality\") and [ethnic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_violence \"Ethnic violence\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-7) Some supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:3-8)\n\nThe All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the [2016 United States presidential election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_United_States_presidential_election \"2016 United States presidential election\").[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) In June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate [Hillary Clinton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hillary_Clinton \"Hillary Clinton\") faced backlash after using the phrase \"all lives matter\" at an African-American church in [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Missouri \"Missouri\") during her presidential campaign.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-9) [Martin O'Malley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_O%27Malley \"Martin O'Malley\"), another 2016 [Democratic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Party_\\(United_States\\) \"Democratic Party (United States)\") presidential candidate, was booed when he said: \"[White lives matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Lives_Matter \"White Lives Matter\"). All lives matter.\"[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-11) Several [Republican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republican_Party_\\(United_States\\) \"Republican Party (United States)\") candidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said \"All lives matter\" at one of his rallies,[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-12) and claimed that \"Black Lives Matter\" is a divisive and racist term.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-13) United States Republican [Senator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate \"United States Senate\") [Tim Scott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Scott \"Tim Scott\") has used the term when calling for racial equality and unity.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-14) [Ben Carson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ben_Carson \"Ben Carson\"), former [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development \"United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development\") under [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"), is a proponent of All Lives Matter,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-15) as is Senator [Rand Paul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rand_Paul \"Rand Paul\"), who has claimed that Black Lives Matter \"focused on the wrong targets\". Paul stated that \"I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter.\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:4-16) Other Republican supporters include [Mike Pence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Pence \"Mike Pence\")[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-17) and [Rudy Giuliani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-18)\n\nOn February 24, 2016, [Mark Zuckerberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_Zuckerberg \"Mark Zuckerberg\"), CEO of [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\"), sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten \"Black Lives Matter\" phrases on the company walls and had written \"All Lives Matter\" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but \"malicious as well\".[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-npr_zuckerberg-19) According to Zuckerberg's memo, \"*Black Lives Matter* doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve.\" The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, \"means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's.\"[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-shaunking-zuckerberg-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-guynn-21)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-benjaminsnyder-22)\n\nIn July 2016, American football player [Richard Sherman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Sherman_\\(American_football\\) \"Richard Sherman (American football)\") supported the All Lives Matter message, saying \"I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings.\" He wanted African Americans to be \"treated like human beings\" and did not want innocent police officers being killed.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-24) On October 2, 2016, a fan at a [Chicago Bears](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Bears \"Chicago Bears\") [NFL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") game ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read \"All Lives Matter\" on the front.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-25)\n\nAt a performance during the [2016 MLB All-Star Game](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_MLB_All-Star_Game \"2016 MLB All-Star Game\") in July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of [The Tenors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Tenors \"The Tenors\"), held up an \"All Lives Matter\" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem \"[O Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O_Canada \"O Canada\")\".[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Pereira sang, \"We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great,\" instead of the lines, \"With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free.\"[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Even after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting \"I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose.\"[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26)\n\nActivists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in [Dallas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dallas \"Dallas\"), stating: \"We're all brothers and sisters.\"[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-27)\n\nAmerican [rapper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapper \"Rapper\") [XXXTentacion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XXXTentacion \"XXXTentacion\") came under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song \"[Look at Me\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Look_at_Me_\\(XXXTentacion_song\\) \"Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)\")\". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that \"\\[Y\\]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder,\" in similar fashion to his song \"[Riot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riot_\\(XXXTentacion_song\\) \"Riot (XXXTentacion song)\")\", which criticized many rioters associated with the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") movement.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-28)\n\nOn June 11, 2020, Australian senator and [One Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation \"Pauline Hanson's One Nation\") leader [Pauline Hanson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pauline_Hanson \"Pauline Hanson\") put forward a bid to pass an \"all lives matter\" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-30) In July 2020, [Cisco Systems](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cisco_Systems \"Cisco Systems\") fired \"a handful\" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured [Darren Walker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darren_Walker \"Darren Walker\") and [Bryan Stevenson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bryan_Stevenson \"Bryan Stevenson\") speaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase \"All Lives Matter\".[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-31) On September 11, 2020, the phrase \"All Buildings Matter\" became a trending topic on [Twitter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter \"Twitter\"). The phrase was popularized by comedian [Michael Che](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Che \"Michael Che\") as a parody of \"All Lives Matter\", in reference to the [September 11th attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\").[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-32)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-33)\n\n## Motivation and beliefs\nThe motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the [British Journal Of Social Psychology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology \"British Journal of Social Psychology\"), measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against [Black people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_people \"Black people\") are correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support [racial color blindness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_color_blindness \"Racial color blindness\") as a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) Support for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5)\n\n## Criticisms\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg\/250px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_\\(31797745824\\).jpg)\n\n\"What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?\", a sign at a [protest against Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_Donald_Trump \"Protests against Donald Trump\")\n\n| External image |\n|---|\n| [![image icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/6\/61\/Searchtool.svg\/20px-Searchtool.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Searchtool.svg) [\"All Houses Matter\"](https:\/\/chainsawsuit.krisstraub.com\/20160707.shtml), *Chainsawsuit*, [Kris Straub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kris_Straub \"Kris Straub\"), July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see \"All Lives Matter\" as problematic.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) |\n\nAccording to professor of [critical race theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Critical_race_theory \"Critical race theory\"), [David Theo Goldberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Theo_Goldberg \"David Theo Goldberg\"), \"All Lives Matter\" reflects a view of \"racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial\".[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-35) Philosopher Chris Lebron describes \"All Lives Matter\" as a \"disingenuous retort\" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:2-36) On *[Real Time with Bill Maher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher \"Real Time with Bill Maher\")*, [Bill Maher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Maher \"Bill Maher\") expressed support for use of the \"Black Lives Matter\" phrase, stating that \"'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not\".[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-37)\n\nFounders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, \"\\#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within [white supremacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_supremacy \"White supremacy\"), are important to your liberation.\"[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) Black Lives Matter movement co-founder [Alicia Garza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alicia_Garza \"Alicia Garza\") argues that \"all lives matter\" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: \"When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy.\"[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) In a video interview with [Laura Flanders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Flanders \"Laura Flanders\"), Garza said that \"changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand [structural racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Societal_racism \"Societal racism\") in this country\".[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-TruthOut-39)\n\nPresident [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-CBS-40) Obama said, \"I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities.\" He also said \"that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address.\"[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-tactics-41)\n\nIn July 2016, *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")* concluded from the thoughts of [Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\") sociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase *All Lives Matter* could \"be interpreted as racist\". It also cited professor [Joe Feagin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Feagin \"Joe Feagin\"), who said that [white people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_people \"White people\") use the phrase \"All Lives Matter\" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as \"already about liberty and justice for all.\" *USA Today* reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag \\#AllLivesMatter, including [Jennifer Lopez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jennifer_Lopez \"Jennifer Lopez\") and [Fetty Wap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fetty_Wap \"Fetty Wap\"), had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-42) It also mentioned cartoonist [Kris Straub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kris_Straub \"Kris Straub\"), who tweeted a cartoon titled \"All Houses Matter\", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34)\n\nAndrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the [University of Colorado Boulder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Colorado_Boulder \"University of Colorado Boulder\"), has provided a criticism of \"All Lives Matter\" from the perspective of [philosophy of language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philosophy_of_language \"Philosophy of language\"). According to Chapman, while both \"Black Lives Matter\" and \"All Lives Matter\" are *true* (and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan \"All Lives Matter\" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial [pragmatic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pragmatics \"Pragmatics\") component, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, \"all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means).\"[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-43)\n\n## See also\n- [Blue Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Lives_Matter \"Blue Lives Matter\")\n- [Reverse racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reverse_racism \"Reverse racism\")\n## References\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-1)\n   Edgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018). *The struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter*. [Lexington Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowman_%26_Littlefield \"Rowman & Littlefield\"). pp. xxi–xxii. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-4985-7206-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4985-7206-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4985-7206-4\")\n   \n   .\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-2)**\n   Lopez, German (July 11, 2016). [\"Why you should stop saying \"all lives matter,\" explained in 9 different ways\"](https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/7\/11\/12136140\/black-all-lives-matter). *[Vox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vox_\\(website\\) \"Vox (website)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190926015514\/https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/7\/11\/12136140\/black-all-lives-matter) from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-3)**\n   Townes, Carimah (October 22, 2015). [\"Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/archive.thinkprogress.org\/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888\/). *[ThinkProgress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ThinkProgress \"ThinkProgress\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200604192459\/https:\/\/archive.thinkprogress.org\/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888\/) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-4)**\n   Yancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015). [\"What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?\"](https:\/\/archive.nytimes.com\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/01\/12\/whats-wrong-with-all-lives-matter\/). *Opinionator*.\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-3)\n   West, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021). [\"Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/lirias.kuleuven.be\/handle\/123456789\/675841). *[British Journal of Social Psychology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology \"British Journal of Social Psychology\")*. **60** (4): 1136–1153\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1111\/bjso.12458](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fbjso.12458). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [33977556](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33977556). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [234474038](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:234474038).\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-6)**\n   Gallagher, Ryan J.; Reagan, Andrew J.; Danforth, Christopher M.; Dodds, Peter Sheridan (April 18, 2018). [\"Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: \\#BlackLivesMatter and \\#AllLivesMatter\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5906010). *PLOS ONE*. **13** (4) e0195644. [arXiv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ArXiv_\\(identifier\\) \"ArXiv (identifier)\"):[1606\\.06820](https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1606.06820). [Bibcode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_\\(identifier\\) \"Bibcode (identifier)\"):[2018PLoSO..1395644G](https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2018PLoSO..1395644G). [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1371\/journal.pone.0195644](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0195644). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1932-6203](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1932-6203). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [5906010](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5906010). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [29668754](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29668754).\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-7)**\n   Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). \"Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere\". [*Breaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=r_e3DwAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–91\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-108-42723-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-108-42723-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-108-42723-4\")\n   \n   – via Google Books.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:3_8-0)**\n   Carney, Nikita (May 2016). \"All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media\". *Humanity & Society*. **40** (2): 180–199\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1177\/0160597616643868](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0160597616643868). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [147003489](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:147003489).\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-9)**\n   Rappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015). [\"Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash\"](https:\/\/archive.nytimes.com\/www.nytimes.com\/politics\/first-draft\/2015\/06\/24\/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash\/). *[First Draft News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Draft_News \"First Draft News\")*.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-10)**\n    Wagner, John (July 18, 2015). [\"O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.'\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201205072418\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders\/2015\/07\/18\/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html). *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders\/2015\/07\/18\/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html) on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-11)**\n    Hensch, Mark (July 18, 2015). [\"'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news\/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\\(newspaper\\) \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201128083547\/https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news\/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event) from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-12)**\n    Swan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016). [\"Trump to protesters: All lives matter\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\\(newspaper\\) \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132634\/https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-13)**\n    Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). [\"Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter\/2016\/07\/12\/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html). *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180402224250\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter\/2016\/07\/12\/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html) from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2016.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-14)**\n    Scott, Eugene (September 3, 2015). [\"Tim Scott defends use of \"all lives matter\"\"](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/09\/03\/politics\/tim-scott-all-lives-matter\/). [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190512142400\/https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/09\/03\/politics\/tim-scott-all-lives-matter\/) from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2015.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-15)**\n    Sherfinski, David (October 15, 2015). [\"Ben Carson: 'Of course all lives matter — and all lives includes black lives'\"](https:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2015\/oct\/15\/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i\/). *[The Washington Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Times \"The Washington Times\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191122130206\/https:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2015\/oct\/15\/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i\/) from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2016.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:4_16-0)**\n    Marino, Gordon (September 2, 2015). [\"All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter\"](https:\/\/www.commonwealmagazine.org\/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter). *[Commonweal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonweal_\\(magazine\\) \"Commonweal (magazine)\")*. **15**. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200604192508\/https:\/\/www.commonwealmagazine.org\/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-17)**\n    Quinn, Melissa (June 6, 2020). [\"Pence on Black Lives Matter: \"I really believe all lives matter\"\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132631\/https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation\/) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-18)**\n    Lim, Naomi (July 11, 2016). [\"Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist'\"](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/11\/politics\/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist\/index.html). *[CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132639\/https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/11\/politics\/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist\/index.html) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-npr_zuckerberg_19-0)**\n    Selyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016). [\"Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/alltechconsidered\/2016\/02\/26\/467985384\/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160617154910\/http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/alltechconsidered\/2016\/02\/26\/467985384\/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-shaunking-zuckerberg_20-0)**\n    King, Shaun (February 25, 2016). [\"Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190202025559\/https:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/national\/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985). New York. [New York Daily News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Daily_News \"New York Daily News\"). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/national\/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985) on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2016.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-guynn_21-0)**\n    Jessica, Guynn (February 25, 2016). [\"Zuckerberg reprimands Facebook staff defacing 'Black Lives Matter' slogan\"](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/tech\/news\/2016\/02\/25\/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity\/80933694\/). *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200318170616\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/tech\/news\/2016\/02\/25\/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity\/80933694\/) from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2016.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-benjaminsnyder_22-0)**\n    Snyder, Benjamin (February 25, 2016). [\"Mark Zuckerberg Takes Facebook Workers to Task Over 'All Lives Matter' Graffiti\"](https:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/02\/25\/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter\/). *[Fortune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortune_\\(magazine\\) \"Fortune (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200129014049\/https:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/02\/25\/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter\/) from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2016.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-23)**\n    Foxworthy, Dominique (July 26, 2016). [\"RICHARD SHERMAN: AS HUMAN BEINGS, ALL LIVES MATTER\"](https:\/\/andscape.com\/features\/richard-sherman-as-human-beings-all-lives-matter\/). *[Andscape](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andscape \"Andscape\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200803234957\/https:\/\/theundefeated.com\/features\/richard-sherman-as-human-beings-all-lives-matter\/) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-24)**\n    Samuel, Ebenezer (July 27, 2016). [\"Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman explains why he stands by that All Lives Matter\"](http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/sports\/football\/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272). *[New York Daily News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Daily_News \"New York Daily News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190401204042\/https:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/sports\/football\/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272) from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2016.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game\"](https:\/\/chicago.suntimes.com\/2016\/10\/2\/18324183\/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game). *[Chicago Sun-Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Sun-Times \"Chicago Sun-Times\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200612154109\/https:\/\/chicago.suntimes.com\/2016\/10\/2\/18324183\/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game) from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2016.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-2)\n    Shepherd, Ken (July 13, 2016). [\"Remigio Pereira, who worked 'All Lives Matter' into Canadian anthem, suspended from singing group\"](https:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2016\/jul\/13\/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c\/). *[The Washington Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Times \"The Washington Times\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160817192456\/http:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2016\/jul\/13\/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c\/) from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-27)**\n    Gauthier, Brendan (July 12, 2016). [\"WATCH: \"We're all brothers and sisters\": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas\"](https:\/\/www.salon.com\/control\/2016\/07\/12\/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas\/). *[Salon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salon.com \"Salon.com\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200612154036\/https:\/\/www.salon.com\/control\/2016\/07\/12\/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas\/) from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2016.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-28)**\n    A, Aron (September 14, 2017). [\"XXXTENTACION Says \"Look at Me\" Video Is \"All Lives Matter\"\"](https:\/\/www.hotnewhiphop.com\/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html). *HotNewHipHop*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170918064646\/https:\/\/www.hotnewhiphop.com\/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html) from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2020.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-29)**\n    Young, Evan (June 12, 2020). [\"Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate\"](https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate\/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2). *[SBS World News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SBS_World_News \"SBS World News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132635\/https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate\/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-30)**\n    Hurst, Daniel (June 11, 2020). [\"Senators unite to block Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2020\/jun\/11\/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion). *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132638\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2020\/jun\/11\/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-31)**\n    Grant, Nico; King, Ian (July 17, 2020). [\"Cisco fires workers for racial comments during diversity forum\"](https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-07-17\/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum). *[Bloomberg News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomberg_News \"Bloomberg News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200728044354\/https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-07-17\/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-32)**\n    Seren Morris (September 11, 2020). [\"Why \"All Buildings Matter\" is trending on 9\/11 anniversary\"](https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278). *Newsweek.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200911191111\/https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278) from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-33)**\n    Farrell, Paul (September 11, 2020). [\"'All Buildings Matter' Becomes Top Twitter Trend on 9\/11 Anniversary\"](https:\/\/heavy.com\/news\/2020\/09\/all-buildings-matter\/). *[Heavy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heavy_\\(website\\) \"Heavy (website)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210119124845\/https:\/\/heavy.com\/news\/2020\/09\/all-buildings-matter\/) from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2020.\n34. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-1)\n    May, Ashley (July 13, 2016). [\"\\#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say\"](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation-now\/2016\/07\/13\/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter\/87025190\/). *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161207182644\/http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation-now\/2016\/07\/13\/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter\/87025190\/) from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2025.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-35)**\n    [Goldberg, David Theo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Theo_Goldberg \"David Theo Goldberg\") (September 25, 2015). [\"Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America\"](https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424). *[HuffPost](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HuffPost \"HuffPost\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200531114617\/https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424) from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2015.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:2_36-0)**\n    Lebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018). *The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-19-091075-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-091075-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-091075-4\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\\(identifier\\) \"OCLC (identifier)\") [1059579720](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1059579720).\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-37)**\n    [*Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160310095444\/https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk). YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk) on March 10, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015.\n38. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-1)\n    Garza, Alicia (October 7, 2014). [\"A Herstory of the \\#BlackLivesMatter Movement\"](https:\/\/www.thefeministwire.com\/2014\/10\/blacklivesmatter-2\/). *The Feminist Wire*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151002002856\/http:\/\/www.thefeministwire.com\/2014\/10\/blacklivesmatter-2\/) from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-TruthOut_39-0)**\n    [Flanders, Laura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Flanders \"Laura Flanders\") (March 24, 2015). [\"Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of \\#BlackLivesMatter\"](https:\/\/truthout.org\/video\/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza\/). Truthout. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200524021736\/https:\/\/truthout.org\/video\/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza\/) from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015.\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-CBS_40-0)**\n    [\"President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. CBS\/AP. October 23, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151023114806\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement\/) from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-tactics_41-0)**\n    Tucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen. [\"Tactics of Black Lives Matter\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151102024356\/https:\/\/www.kcts9.org\/programs\/in-close\/tactics-black-lives-matter). [KCTS-TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KCTS-TV \"KCTS-TV\"). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/in-close-tactics-black-lives-matter\/) on November 2, 2015.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-42)**\n    Victor, Daniel (July 15, 2016). [\"Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/07\/16\/us\/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-43)**\n    [\"The Pragmatics of Saying \"All Lives Matter\": A Critique\"](https:\/\/againstprofphil.org\/2020\/06\/26\/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique\/). *Againstprofphil.org*. June 26, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201219151531\/https:\/\/againstprofphil.org\/2020\/06\/26\/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique\/) from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021.\n## Further reading\n- Atkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019). [\"*Black Lives Matter* or *All Lives Matter*? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). *[Social Epistemology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Epistemology_\\(journal\\) \"Social Epistemology (journal)\")*. **33** (1): 1–22\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1080\/02691728.2018.1483879](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [149718854](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:149718854).\n- Agozino, Biko (April 2018). \"Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter\". *African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies*. **11** (1): 1–11\\.\n  \n  [Gale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gale_\\(publisher\\) \"Gale (publisher)\") [676106490](https:\/\/go.gale.com\/ps\/anonymous?id=GALE%7C676106490)\n  \n  [ProQuest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProQuest \"ProQuest\") [2046674973](https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/2046674973).\n- Kil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). \"Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of \"All Lives Matter\"\". *[Communication Theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_Theory_\\(journal\\) \"Communication Theory (journal)\")*. **30** (1): 21–40\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/ct\/qtz019](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fct%2Fqtz019).\n- Tawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). \"'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks\". *Race and Social Problems*. **8** (2): 196–208\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s12552-016-9171-z](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs12552-016-9171-z). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [255613498](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:255613498).\n- Keiser, Jessica (December 2021). [\"The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). *[Synthese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synthese \"Synthese\")*. **199** (3–4\\): 8465–8483\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s11229-021-03171-y](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [235556011](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:235556011).\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Black_Lives_Matter \"Template:Black Lives Matter\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter \"Template talk:Black Lives Matter\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Black_Lives_Matter \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Black Lives Matter\")[Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| People | [Melina Abdullah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melina_Abdullah \"Melina Abdullah\") [Tay Anderson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tay_Anderson \"Tay Anderson\") [Cicely Belle Blain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicely_Belle_Blain \"Cicely Belle Blain\") [Cat Brooks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cat_Brooks \"Cat Brooks\") [Cori Bush](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cori_Bush \"Cori Bush\") [Gwen Carr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gwen_Carr \"Gwen Carr\") [Benjamin Crump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjamin_Crump \"Benjamin Crump\") [Patrisse Cullors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrisse_Cullors \"Patrisse Cullors\") [Aalayah Eastmond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aalayah_Eastmond \"Aalayah Eastmond\") [Johnetta Elzie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johnetta_Elzie \"Johnetta Elzie\") [Bruce Franks Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruce_Franks_Jr. \"Bruce Franks Jr.\") [Darnella Frazier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darnella_Frazier \"Darnella Frazier\") [Erica Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erica_Garner \"Erica Garner\") [Alicia Garza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alicia_Garza \"Alicia Garza\") [Ja'Mal Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ja%27Mal_Green \"Ja'Mal Green\") [Tsion Gurmu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsion_Gurmu \"Tsion Gurmu\") [Demetria Hester](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demetria_Hester \"Demetria Hester\") [Sandy Hudson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandy_Hudson \"Sandy Hudson\") [Blair Imani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blair_Imani \"Blair Imani\") [Natalie Aleta Jackson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson \"Natalie Aleta Jackson\") [Marissa Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marissa_Johnson \"Marissa Johnson\") [Sasha Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sasha_Johnson \"Sasha Johnson\") [Jari Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jari_Jones \"Jari Jones\") [Tishaura Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tishaura_Jones \"Tishaura Jones\") [Mariame Kaba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariame_Kaba \"Mariame Kaba\") [Colin Kaepernick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colin_Kaepernick \"Colin Kaepernick\") [Brittany Kamai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brittany_Kamai \"Brittany Kamai\") [Mwende Katwiwa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mwende_Katwiwa \"Mwende Katwiwa\") [Janaya Khan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janaya_Khan \"Janaya Khan\") [Nupol Kiazolu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nupol_Kiazolu \"Nupol Kiazolu\") [Shaun King](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaun_King \"Shaun King\") [Nekima Levy Armstrong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong \"Nekima Levy Armstrong\") [Eva Lewis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eva_Lewis \"Eva Lewis\") [Tamika Mallory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamika_Mallory \"Tamika Mallory\") [Philip McHarris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_McHarris \"Philip McHarris\") [DeRay Mckesson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DeRay_Mckesson \"DeRay Mckesson\") [Elle Moxley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elle_Moxley \"Elle Moxley\") [Muhiyidin Moye](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhiyidin_Moye \"Muhiyidin Moye\") [Bree Newsome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bree_Newsome \"Bree Newsome\") [Nikkita Oliver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikkita_Oliver \"Nikkita Oliver\") [Ijeoma Oluo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ijeoma_Oluo \"Ijeoma Oluo\") [Chi Ossé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chi_Oss%C3%A9 \"Chi Ossé\") [Brittany Packnett Cunningham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham \"Brittany Packnett Cunningham\") [Eugene Puryear](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugene_Puryear \"Eugene Puryear\") [Teressa Raiford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teressa_Raiford \"Teressa Raiford\") [Jen Reid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jen_Reid \"Jen Reid\") [Linda Sarsour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linda_Sarsour \"Linda Sarsour\") [Al Sharpton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al_Sharpton \"Al Sharpton\") [Samuel Sinyangwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Sinyangwe \"Samuel Sinyangwe\") [Nova Stevens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nova_Stevens \"Nova Stevens\") [Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor \"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor\") [John Thompson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Thompson_\\(Minnesota_politician\\) \"John Thompson (Minnesota politician)\") [Ayọ Tometi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi \"Ayọ Tometi\") [Assa Traoré](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assa_Traor%C3%A9 \"Assa Traoré\") [Syrus Marcus Ware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrus_Marcus_Ware \"Syrus Marcus Ware\") |\n| Events |   |\n|   |   |\n| 2010s | [Ferguson unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson_unrest \"Ferguson unrest\") [2015 Baltimore protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015_Baltimore_protests \"2015 Baltimore protests\") [2015–2016 University of Missouri protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests \"2015–2016 University of Missouri protests\") [Dismissal of Robert Rialmo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo \"Dismissal of Robert Rialmo\") [2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest \"2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest\") [2017 St. Louis protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017_St._Louis_protests \"2017 St. Louis protests\") |\n| 2020s | [Breonna Taylor protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breonna_Taylor_protests \"Breonna Taylor protests\") [George Floyd protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") [changes made](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests \"List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests\") [name changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests \"List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests\") [removal of monuments and memorials](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests \"List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests\") [reactions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests \"Reactions to the George Floyd protests\") [trial of Derek Chauvin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin \"Trial of Derek Chauvin\") [violence and controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests \"Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests\") [Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church \"Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church\") [police violence incidents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests \"List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests\") [Buffalo police shoving incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident \"Buffalo police shoving incident\") [St. Louis gun-toting incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident \"St. Louis gun-toting incident\") [vehicle-ramming incidents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests \"List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests\") [Black Birders Week](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Birders_Week \"Black Birders Week\") [Blackout Tuesday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackout_Tuesday \"Blackout Tuesday\") [Capitol Hill Occupied Protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest \"Capitol Hill Occupied Protest\") [Academic strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strike_for_Black_Lives_\\(academic_protest\\) \"Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)\") [General strike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strike_for_Black_Lives_\\(coalition_protest\\) \"Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)\") [Kenosha unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenosha_unrest \"Kenosha unrest\") [shooting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenosha_unrest_shooting \"Kenosha unrest shooting\") [Athlete strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_American_athlete_strikes \"2020 American athlete strikes\") [2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot \"2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot\") [2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest \"2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest\") [Red House eviction defense](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_House_eviction_defense \"Red House eviction defense\") [Orisha Land](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orisha_Land \"Orisha Land\") [Daunte Wright protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daunte_Wright_protests \"Daunte Wright protests\") [2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest \"2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest\") [vehicle-ramming attack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek \"Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek\") [Tyre Nichols protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyre_Nichols_protests \"Tyre Nichols protests\") |\n| Locations | [Protests in New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City \"Black Lives Matter protests in New York City\") List of George Floyd protests [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States \"List of George Floyd protests in the United States\") [outside the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States \"List of George Floyd protests outside the United States\") [List of Daunte Wright protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests \"List of Daunte Wright protests\") |\n| [Deaths protested](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States \"List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| 2009–2011 | [Oscar Grant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant \"Killing of Oscar Grant\") [Aiyana Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones \"Killing of Aiyana Jones\") [James Anderson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson \"Murder of James Craig Anderson\") [Mark Duggan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan \"Killing of Mark Duggan\") [Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr. \"Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.\") [Anthony Lamar Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith \"Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith\") |\n| 2012–2013 | [Ramarley Graham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham \"Killing of Ramarley Graham\") [Trayvon Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin \"Killing of Trayvon Martin\") [Rekia Boyd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd \"Killing of Rekia Boyd\") [Jordan Davis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis \"Murder of Jordan Davis\") [Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams \"Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams\") [Tyrone West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Tyrone_West \"Death of Tyrone West\") [Larry Jackson Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr. \"Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.\") [Jonathan Ferrell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell \"Killing of Jonathan Ferrell\") [Miriam Carey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey \"Killing of Miriam Carey\") [Renisha McBride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride \"Murder of Renisha McBride\") |\n| 2014 | [Dontre Hamilton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton \"Killing of Dontre Hamilton\") [Eric Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Garner \"Killing of Eric Garner\") [Julieka Dhu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Ms_Dhu \"Death of Ms Dhu\") [John Crawford III](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III \"Killing of John Crawford III\") [Michael Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Michael_Brown \"Killing of Michael Brown\") [Ezell Ford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford \"Killing of Ezell Ford\") [Laquan McDonald](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald \"Murder of Laquan McDonald\") [Akai Gurley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley \"Killing of Akai Gurley\") [Tamir Rice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice \"Killing of Tamir Rice\") [Antonio Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin \"Killing of Antonio Martin\") [Jerame Reid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid \"Killing of Jerame Reid\") |\n| 2015 | [Natasha McKenna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna \"Death of Natasha McKenna\") [Charley Leundeu Keunang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang \"Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang\") [Tony Robinson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson \"Killing of Tony Robinson\") [Anthony Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill \"Killing of Anthony Hill\") [Meagan Hockaday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday \"Killing of Meagan Hockaday\") [Eric Harris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Harris \"Killing of Eric Harris\") [Walter Scott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Walter_Scott \"Killing of Walter Scott\") [Freddie Gray](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray \"Killing of Freddie Gray\") [William Chapman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_William_Chapman \"Killing of William Chapman\") [Charleston church shooting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charleston_church_shooting \"Charleston church shooting\") [Jonathan Sanders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders \"Death of Jonathan Sanders\") [Sandra Bland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Sandra_Bland \"Death of Sandra Bland\") [Samuel DuBose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose \"Killing of Samuel DuBose\") [Mansur Ball-Bey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey \"Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey\") [Jeremy McDole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole \"Killing of Jeremy McDole\") [Corey Jones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Corey_Jones \"Killing of Corey Jones\") [Jamar Clark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark \"Killing of Jamar Clark\") [Mario Woods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mario_Woods \"Mario Woods\") |\n| 2016 | [Greg Gunn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn \"Killing of Greg Gunn\") [Alton Sterling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling \"Killing of Alton Sterling\") [Philando Castile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Philando_Castile \"Killing of Philando Castile\") [Joseph Mann](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann \"Killing of Joseph Mann\") [Adama Traoré](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9 \"Death of Adama Traoré\") [Abdirahman Abdi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi \"Death of Abdirahman Abdi\") [Paul O'Neal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal \"Killing of Paul O'Neal\") [Korryn Gaines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines \"Killing of Korryn Gaines\") [Jamarion Robinson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson \"Killing of Jamarion Robinson\") [Sylville Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sylville_Smith \"Sylville Smith\") [Elijah Doughty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty \"Death of Elijah Doughty\") [Terence Crutcher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher \"Killing of Terence Crutcher\") [Keith Lamont Scott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott \"Killing of Keith Lamont Scott\") [Alfred Olango](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango \"Killing of Alfred Olango\") [Deborah Danner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner \"Killing of Deborah Danner\") |\n| 2017 | [Jocques Clemmons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons \"Killing of Jocques Clemmons\") [Jordan Edwards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards \"Murder of Jordan Edwards\") [Edson Da Costa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa \"Death of Edson Da Costa\") [Rashan Charles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Rashan_Charles \"Death of Rashan Charles\") [Patrick Harmon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon \"Killing of Patrick Harmon\") |\n| 2018 | [Anthony Weber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber \"Killing of Anthony Weber\") [Stephon Clark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark \"Killing of Stephon Clark\") [Marcus-David Peters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters \"Killing of Marcus-David Peters\") [Antwon Rose Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr. \"Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.\") [Markeis McGlockton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton \"Killing of Markeis McGlockton\") [Daniel Hambrick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick \"Killing of Daniel Hambrick\") [Botham Jean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Botham_Jean \"Murder of Botham Jean\") [Tamla Horsford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford \"Death of Tamla Horsford\") [Jemel Roberson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson \"Killing of Jemel Roberson\") [EJ Bradford Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr. \"Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.\") |\n| 2019 | [George Robinson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_George_Robinson \"Killing of George Robinson\") [Willie McCoy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy \"Killing of Willie McCoy\") [Danquirs Franklin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin \"Killing of Danquirs Franklin\") [Javier Ambler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler \"Killing of Javier Ambler\") [Lassana Cisse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse \"Murder of Lassana Cisse\") [Ronald Greene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene \"Killing of Ronald Greene\") [Pamela Turner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner \"Killing of Pamela Turner\") [Layleen Polanco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco \"Death of Layleen Polanco\") [Shukri Abdi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi \"Death of Shukri Abdi\") [Christopher Kapessa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa \"Death of Christopher Kapessa\") [Elijah McClain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain \"Killing of Elijah McClain\") [Atatiana Jefferson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson \"Killing of Atatiana Jefferson\") |\n| 2020 | [Alvin Cole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole \"Killing of Alvin Cole\") [Ahmaud Arbery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery \"Murder of Ahmaud Arbery\") [Manuel Ellis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis \"Killing of Manuel Ellis\") [Breonna Taylor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor \"Killing of Breonna Taylor\") [Daniel Prude](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude \"Killing of Daniel Prude\") [Belly Mujinga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Belly_Mujinga \"Death of Belly Mujinga\") [Nina Pop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Nina_Pop \"Killing of Nina Pop\") [George Floyd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_George_Floyd \"Murder of George Floyd\") [Dion Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson \"Killing of Dion Johnson\") [Tony McDade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Tony_McDade \"Killing of Tony McDade\") [Regis Korchinski-Paquet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet \"Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet\") [James Scurlock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_James_Scurlock \"Killing of James Scurlock\") [David McAtee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_David_McAtee \"Killing of David McAtee\") [Oluwatoyin Salau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims \"Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims\") [Carlos Carson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson \"Killing of Carlos Carson\") [Rayshard Brooks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks \"Killing of Rayshard Brooks\") [Julian Lewis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis \"Killing of Julian Lewis\") [Dijon Kizzee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee \"Killing of Dijon Kizzee\") [Marcellis Stinnette](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette \"Killing of Marcellis Stinnette\") [Chaniece Wallace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace \"Death of Chaniece Wallace\") [Walter Wallace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace \"Killing of Walter Wallace\") [João Alberto Freitas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jo%C3%A3o_Alberto_Silveira_Freitas \"Killing of João Alberto Silveira Freitas\") [Andre Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Andre_Hill \"Murder of Andre Hill\") [Dolal Idd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd \"Killing of Dolal Idd\") |\n| 2021 | [Marvin Scott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Marvin_Scott \"Death of Marvin Scott\") [Adam Toledo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo \"Killing of Adam Toledo\") [Daunte Wright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright \"Killing of Daunte Wright\") [Lindani Myeni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni \"Killing of Lindani Myeni\") [Ma'Khia Bryant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant \"Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant\") [Andrew Brown Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr. \"Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.\") [Winston Boogie Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith \"Killing of Winston Boogie Smith\") [Leneal Frazier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier \"Killing of Leneal Frazier\") |\n| 2022 | [Amir Locke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Amir_Locke \"Killing of Amir Locke\") [Patrick Lyoya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya \"Killing of Patrick Lyoya\") [Jayland Walker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker \"Killing of Jayland Walker\") [Donovan Lewis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis \"Killing of Donovan Lewis\") |\n| 2023 | [Keenan Anderson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson \"Death of Keenan Anderson\") [Tyre Nichols](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols \"Killing of Tyre Nichols\") [Irvo Otieno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno \"Killing of Irvo Otieno\") [Jordan Neely](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely \"Killing of Jordan Neely\") [Ricky Cobb II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II \"Killing of Ricky Cobb II\") [Johnny Hollman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman \"Killing of Johnny Hollman\") [Ta'Kiya Young](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young \"Killing of Ta'Kiya Young\") [Leonard Cure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure \"Killing of Leonard Cure\") |\n| 2024 | [Dexter Reed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed \"Killing of Dexter Reed\") [Roger Fortson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson \"Killing of Roger Fortson\") [Sonya Massey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Sonya_Massey \"Murder of Sonya Massey\") [Robert Brooks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Robert_Brooks \"Killing of Robert Brooks\") |\n| 2025 | [Messiah Nantwi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Messiah_Nantwi \"Killing of Messiah Nantwi\") |\n| Other cases protested | [Kalief Browder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kalief_Browder \"Kalief Browder\") [2015 Texas pool party incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident \"2015 Texas pool party incident\") [Charles Kinsey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey \"Shooting of Charles Kinsey\") [Jacob Blake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake \"Shooting of Jacob Blake\") [Ralph Yarl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl \"Shooting of Ralph Yarl\") [Rankin County torture incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rankin_County_torture_incident \"Rankin County torture incident\") |\n| [In popular culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture \"Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Art](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_art \"Black Lives Matter art\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Street murals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals \"List of Black Lives Matter street murals\") | [Cincinnati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Cincinnati\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)\") [Indianapolis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Indianapolis\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)\") [Portland, Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Portland,_Oregon\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)\") [Salt Lake City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Salt_Lake_City\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)\") [Santa Cruz, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Santa_Cruz,_California\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)\") Seattle [Capitol Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)\") [City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Seattle_City_Hall\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)\") [Springfield, Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\\(Springfield,_Massachusetts\\) \"Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)\") |\n| Books | *[All American Boys](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_American_Boys \"All American Boys\")* *[Black Software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Software \"Black Software\")* *[Blackout](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackout_\\(young_adult_novel\\) \"Blackout (young adult novel)\")* *[Brit(ish)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brit\\(ish\\) \"Brit(ish)\")* *[Dear Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dear_Martin \"Dear Martin\")* *[The Hate U Give](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hate_U_Give \"The Hate U Give\")* *[His Name Is George Floyd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd \"His Name Is George Floyd\")* *[I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street \"I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street\")* *[Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin \"Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin\")* *[Why We Kneel, How We Rise](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Why_We_Kneel,_How_We_Rise \"Why We Kneel, How We Rise\")* |\n| Film | *[16 Shots](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/16_Shots \"16 Shots\")* *[3 1\/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3_1\/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets \"3 1\/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets\")* *[American Son](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Son_\\(2019_film\\) \"American Son (2019 film)\")* *[Baltimore Rising](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltimore_Rising \"Baltimore Rising\")* *[Bars4Justice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bars4Justice \"Bars4Justice\")* *[The Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Force_\\(2017_film\\) \"The Force (2017 film)\")* *[Fruitvale Station](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fruitvale_Station \"Fruitvale Station\")* *[Generation Revolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Generation_Revolution \"Generation Revolution\")* *[The Hate U Give](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hate_U_Give_\\(film\\) \"The Hate U Give (film)\")* *[Night Call](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_Call_\\(film\\) \"Night Call (film)\")* *[Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story \"Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story\")* *[Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement \"Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement\")* *[Stranger Fruit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stranger_Fruit_\\(film\\) \"Stranger Fruit (film)\")* *[Two Distant Strangers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two_Distant_Strangers \"Two Distant Strangers\")* *[Whose Streets?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whose_Streets%3F \"Whose Streets?\")* |\n| Music | \"[Alright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alright_\\(Kendrick_Lamar_song\\) \"Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)\")\" \"[Angel Down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angel_Down_\\(song\\) \"Angel Down (song)\")\" \"[The Bigger Picture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bigger_Picture_\\(song\\) \"The Bigger Picture (song)\")\" \"[Black Parade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Parade_\\(song\\) \"Black Parade (song)\")\" \"[Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate \"Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate\")\" \"[Chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chains_\\(Usher_song\\) \"Chains (Usher song)\")\" \"[Cop vs. Phone Girl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl \"Cop vs. Phone Girl\")\" \"[Don't Shoot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_Shoot_\\(The_Game_song\\) \"Don't Shoot (The Game song)\")\" \"[Formation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formation_\\(song\\) \"Formation (song)\")\" \"[Freedom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_\\(Beyonc%C3%A9_song\\) \"Freedom (Beyoncé song)\")\" \"[Hell You Talmbout](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hell_You_Talmbout \"Hell You Talmbout\")\" \"[I Can't Breathe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I_Can%27t_Breathe_\\(H.E.R._song\\) \"I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)\")\" \"[I Cry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I_Cry_\\(Usher_song\\) \"I Cry (Usher song)\")\" \"[Lavender (Nightfall Remix)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lavender_\\(Nightfall_Remix\\) \"Lavender (Nightfall Remix)\")\" \"[Loyal Like Sid & Nancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy \"Loyal Like Sid & Nancy\")\" \"[Otherside of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otherside_of_America \"Otherside of America\")\" \"[Riot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riot_\\(XXXTentacion_song\\) \"Riot (XXXTentacion song)\")\" \"[Rockstar (BLM Remix)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockstar_\\(DaBaby_song\\) \"Rockstar (DaBaby song)\")\" *[The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed \"The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed\")* \"[Snow on tha Bluff](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_\\(song\\) \"Snow on tha Bluff (song)\")\" \"[This Is America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/This_Is_America_\\(song\\) \"This Is America (song)\")\" \"[What They'll Say About Us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us \"What They'll Say About Us\")\" \"[White Privilege II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Privilege_II \"White Privilege II\")\" |\n| Other | *[Colin in Black & White](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colin_in_Black_%26_White \"Colin in Black & White\")* *[8:46](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8:46_\\(special\\) \"8:46 (special)\")* \"[Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town \"Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town\")\" *[Our Lady of Ferguson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson \"Our Lady of Ferguson\")* *[Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge \"Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge\")* *[Time: The Kalief Browder Story](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time:_The_Kalief_Browder_Story \"Time: The Kalief Browder Story\")* [*Woke* (TV series)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woke_\\(TV_series\\) \"Woke (TV series)\") |\n| Activist groups | [8 to Abolition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8_to_Abolition \"8 to Abolition\") [Assata's Daughters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assata%27s_Daughters \"Assata's Daughters\") [BAMN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BAMN \"BAMN\") [Bird Names for Birds](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bird_Names_for_Birds \"Bird Names for Birds\") [Black Feminist Future](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Feminist_Future \"Black Feminist Future\") [Black Justice League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Justice_League \"Black Justice League\") [Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation \"Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation\") [Black Visions Collective](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Visions_Collective \"Black Visions Collective\") [BlackinChem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlackinChem \"BlackinChem\") [Black In Neuro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_In_Neuro \"Black In Neuro\") [BYP100](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BYP100 \"BYP100\") [Campaign Zero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campaign_Zero \"Campaign Zero\") [Don't Shoot Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland \"Don't Shoot Portland\") [Hands Up United](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hands_Up_United \"Hands Up United\") [Millennial Activists United](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Millennial_Activists_United \"Millennial Activists United\") [Moms United for Black Lives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moms_United_for_Black_Lives \"Moms United for Black Lives\") [Mothers of Gynecology Movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement \"Mothers of Gynecology Movement\") [Mothers of the Movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mothers_of_the_Movement \"Mothers of the Movement\") [Movement for Black Lives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movement_for_Black_Lives \"Movement for Black Lives\") [Peoples Power Assemblies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peoples_Power_Assemblies \"Peoples Power Assemblies\") [Project South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_South_\\(organization\\) \"Project South (organization)\") [\\#SayHerName](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SayHerName \"SayHerName\") [Stop Cop City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stop_Cop_City \"Stop Cop City\") [Street Riders NYC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Street_Riders_NYC \"Street Riders NYC\") [Taking the Initiative Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taking_the_Initiative_Party \"Taking the Initiative Party\") [Wall of Moms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wall_of_Moms \"Wall of Moms\") [White Coats for Black Lives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives \"White Coats for Black Lives\") |\n| Proposed legislation | [BREATHE Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BREATHE_Act \"BREATHE Act\") [Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm \"Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm\") [Ending Qualified Immunity Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act \"Ending Qualified Immunity Act\") [George Floyd Justice in Policing Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act \"George Floyd Justice in Policing Act\") [George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act \"George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act\") [Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAFE-T_Act \"SAFE-T Act\") [List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests \"List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests\") |\n| Groups associated with opposition | [All Lives Matter]() [Alt-right](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alt-right \"Alt-right\") [Black Guns Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Guns_Matter \"Black Guns Matter\") [Blue Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Lives_Matter \"Blue Lives Matter\") [Oath Keepers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oath_Keepers \"Oath Keepers\") [Patriot Front](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patriot_Front \"Patriot Front\") [Patriotic Alternative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patriotic_Alternative \"Patriotic Alternative\") [Proud Boys](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proud_Boys \"Proud Boys\") [Trump administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump \"First presidency of Donald Trump\") [United Citizens' Alarm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Citizens%27_Alarm \"United Citizens' Alarm\") [White Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Lives_Matter \"White Lives Matter\") |\n| Related | [2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States \"2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States\") [2020–2023 United States racial unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest \"2020–2023 United States racial unrest\") [list of incidents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest \"List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest\") [ACAB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ACAB \"ACAB\") [Black Lives Matter Memorial Fence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_Memorial_Fence \"Black Lives Matter Memorial Fence\") [Black Lives Matter Plaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza \"Black Lives Matter Plaza\") [Black maternal mortality in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States \"Black maternal mortality in the United States\") [Criminal stereotype of African Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans \"Criminal stereotype of African Americans\") [Defund the police](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defund_the_police \"Defund the police\") [Driving while black](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Driving_while_black \"Driving while black\") [Running while Black](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Running_while_Black \"Running while Black\") [shopping while black](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shopping_while_black \"Shopping while black\") [Ferguson effect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson_effect \"Ferguson effect\") [George Floyd Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Floyd_Square \"George Floyd Square\") [Hands up, don't shoot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot \"Hands up, don't shoot\") [I can't breathe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I_can%27t_breathe \"I can't breathe\") [National anthem protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests \"U.S. national anthem kneeling protests\") [Native Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter \"Police brutality against Native Americans\") [No justice, no peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No_justice,_no_peace \"No justice, no peace\") [Oklahoma House Bill 1674](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma_House_Bill_1674_\\(2021\\) \"Oklahoma House Bill 1674 (2021)\") [Police abolition movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_abolition_movement \"Police abolition movement\") [2021 Minneapolis Question 2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2 \"2021 Minneapolis Question 2\") [Police accountability](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_accountability \"Police accountability\") [blue wall of silence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_wall_of_silence \"Blue wall of silence\") [gypsy cops](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gypsy_cop \"Gypsy cop\") [police perjury](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_perjury \"Police perjury\") [qualified immunity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qualified_immunity \"Qualified immunity\") [Police brutality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States \"Police brutality in the United States\") [militarization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century \"Militarization of police\") [pain compliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pain_compliance \"Pain compliance\") [use of deadly force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States \"Police use of deadly force in the United States\") [use of torture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States \"Use of torture by police in the United States\") [Police misconduct](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_misconduct \"Police misconduct\") [false arrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/False_arrest#United_States \"False arrest\") [racial profiling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States \"Racial profiling in the United States\") [ticket quota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticket_quota \"Ticket quota\") [Racial bias in criminal news](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States \"Racial bias in criminal news in the United States\") [Rest in power](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rest_in_power \"Rest in power\") [Russia and Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter \"Russia and Black Lives Matter\") [Save the Boards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Save_the_Boards \"Save the Boards\") [Taking the knee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taking_the_knee \"Taking the knee\") [*Terry* stop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terry_stop \"Terry stop\") [The talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_talk_\\(racism_in_the_United_States\\) \"The talk (racism in the United States)\") [Woke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woke \"Woke\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) **[Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Black_Lives_Matter \"Category:Black Lives Matter\")** |   |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&oldid=1324183272>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [2010s controversies in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:2010s_controversies_in_the_United_States \"Category:2010s controversies in the United States\")\n- [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Black_Lives_Matter \"Category:Black Lives Matter\")\n- [Hashtags](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Hashtags \"Category:Hashtags\")\n- [African-American-related controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:African-American-related_controversies \"Category:African-American-related controversies\")\n- [Race-related controversies in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Race-related_controversies_in_the_United_States \"Category:Race-related controversies in the United States\")\n- [Mass media-related controversies in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Mass_media-related_controversies_in_the_United_States \"Category:Mass media-related controversies in the United States\")\n- [Law enforcement controversies in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Law_enforcement_controversies_in_the_United_States \"Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States\")\n- [Controversies of the 2016 United States presidential election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Controversies_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election \"Category:Controversies of the 2016 United States presidential election\")\n- [Race and crime in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Race_and_crime_in_the_United_States \"Category:Race and crime in the United States\")\n- [2010s in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:2010s_in_the_United_States \"Category:2010s in the United States\")\n- [Slogans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Slogans \"Category:Slogans\")\n- [American political catchphrases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:American_political_catchphrases \"Category:American political catchphrases\")\n- [2014 quotations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:2014_quotations \"Category:2014 quotations\")\n- [2014 neologisms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:2014_neologisms \"Category:2014 neologisms\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nAll Lives Matter\n\n11 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg\/250px-Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Defending_Portland_\\(34939466302\\)_\\(cropped\\).jpg)\n\n\"All Lives Matter\" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017\n\n**All Lives Matter** is a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") (BLM) movement,[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-4) initially popularized on social media following the police killings of [Michael Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Michael_Brown \"Killing of Michael Brown\") and [Eric Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Garner \"Killing of Eric Garner\") in 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that [police violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality \"Police brutality\") and discrimination disproportionately affect [Black Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), or that it misinterprets \"Black Lives Matter\" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it.\n\nHistory\n\nThe All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") movement.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) The use of the All Lives Matter slogan on [Twitter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter \"Twitter\") following the killings of [Michael Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown \"Shooting of Michael Brown\") and [Eric Garner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Eric_Garner \"Killing of Eric Garner\") began in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of [racial violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_violence \"Racial violence\") against [African Americans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Americans \"African Americans\"), and spread as a [conservative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conservatism \"Conservatism\") rejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of [police brutality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Police_brutality \"Police brutality\") and [ethnic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_violence \"Ethnic violence\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-7) Some supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:3-8)\n\nThe All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the [2016 United States presidential election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_United_States_presidential_election \"2016 United States presidential election\").[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) In June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate [Hillary Clinton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hillary_Clinton \"Hillary Clinton\") faced backlash after using the phrase \"all lives matter\" at an African-American church in [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Missouri \"Missouri\") during her presidential campaign.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-9) [Martin O'Malley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_O%27Malley \"Martin O'Malley\"), another 2016 [Democratic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Party_\\(United_States\\) \"Democratic Party (United States)\") presidential candidate, was booed when he said: \"[White lives matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Lives_Matter \"White Lives Matter\"). All lives matter.\"[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-11) Several [Republican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republican_Party_\\(United_States\\) \"Republican Party (United States)\") candidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said \"All lives matter\" at one of his rallies,[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-12) and claimed that \"Black Lives Matter\" is a divisive and racist term.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-13) United States Republican [Senator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate \"United States Senate\") [Tim Scott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Scott \"Tim Scott\") has used the term when calling for racial equality and unity.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-14) [Ben Carson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ben_Carson \"Ben Carson\"), former [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development \"United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development\") under [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"), is a proponent of All Lives Matter,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-15) as is Senator [Rand Paul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rand_Paul \"Rand Paul\"), who has claimed that Black Lives Matter \"focused on the wrong targets\". Paul stated that \"I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter.\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:4-16) Other Republican supporters include [Mike Pence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Pence \"Mike Pence\")[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-17) and [Rudy Giuliani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\").[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-18)\n\nOn February 24, 2016, [Mark Zuckerberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_Zuckerberg \"Mark Zuckerberg\"), CEO of [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\"), sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten \"Black Lives Matter\" phrases on the company walls and had written \"All Lives Matter\" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but \"malicious as well\".[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-npr_zuckerberg-19) According to Zuckerberg's memo, \"*Black Lives Matter* doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve.\" The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, \"means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's.\"[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-shaunking-zuckerberg-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-guynn-21)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-benjaminsnyder-22)\n\nIn July 2016, American football player [Richard Sherman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Sherman_\\(American_football\\) \"Richard Sherman (American football)\") supported the All Lives Matter message, saying \"I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings.\" He wanted African Americans to be \"treated like human beings\" and did not want innocent police officers being killed.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-23)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-24) On October 2, 2016, a fan at a [Chicago Bears](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Bears \"Chicago Bears\") [NFL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") game ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read \"All Lives Matter\" on the front.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-25)\n\nAt a performance during the [2016 MLB All-Star Game](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_MLB_All-Star_Game \"2016 MLB All-Star Game\") in July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of [The Tenors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Tenors \"The Tenors\"), held up an \"All Lives Matter\" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem \"[O Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O_Canada \"O Canada\")\".[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Pereira sang, \"We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great,\" instead of the lines, \"With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free.\"[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Even after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting \"I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose.\"[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26)\n\nActivists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in [Dallas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dallas \"Dallas\"), stating: \"We're all brothers and sisters.\"[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-27)\n\nAmerican [rapper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapper \"Rapper\") [XXXTentacion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XXXTentacion \"XXXTentacion\") came under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song \"[Look at Me\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Look_at_Me_\\(XXXTentacion_song\\) \"Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)\")\". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that \"\\[Y\\]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder,\" in similar fashion to his song \"[Riot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riot_\\(XXXTentacion_song\\) \"Riot (XXXTentacion song)\")\", which criticized many rioters associated with the [Black Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") movement.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-28)\n\nOn June 11, 2020, Australian senator and [One Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation \"Pauline Hanson's One Nation\") leader [Pauline Hanson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pauline_Hanson \"Pauline Hanson\") put forward a bid to pass an \"all lives matter\" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-29)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-30) In July 2020, [Cisco Systems](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cisco_Systems \"Cisco Systems\") fired \"a handful\" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured [Darren Walker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darren_Walker \"Darren Walker\") and [Bryan Stevenson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bryan_Stevenson \"Bryan Stevenson\") speaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase \"All Lives Matter\".[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-31) On September 11, 2020, the phrase \"All Buildings Matter\" became a trending topic on [Twitter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter \"Twitter\"). The phrase was popularized by comedian [Michael Che](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Che \"Michael Che\") as a parody of \"All Lives Matter\", in reference to the [September 11th attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\").[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-32)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-33)\n\nMotivation and beliefs\n\nThe motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the [British Journal Of Social Psychology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology \"British Journal of Social Psychology\"), measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against [Black people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_people \"Black people\") are correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support [racial color blindness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_color_blindness \"Racial color blindness\") as a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) Support for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5)\n\nCriticisms\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg\/250px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_\\(31797745824\\).jpg)\n\n\"What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?\", a sign at a [protest against Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_Donald_Trump \"Protests against Donald Trump\")\n\n| External image |\n|---|\n| [![image icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/6\/61\/Searchtool.svg\/20px-Searchtool.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Searchtool.svg) [\"All Houses Matter\"](https:\/\/chainsawsuit.krisstraub.com\/20160707.shtml), *Chainsawsuit*, [Kris Straub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kris_Straub \"Kris Straub\"), July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see \"All Lives Matter\" as problematic.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) |\n\nAccording to professor of [critical race theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Critical_race_theory \"Critical race theory\"), [David Theo Goldberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Theo_Goldberg \"David Theo Goldberg\"), \"All Lives Matter\" reflects a view of \"racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial\".[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-35) Philosopher Chris Lebron describes \"All Lives Matter\" as a \"disingenuous retort\" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:2-36) On *[Real Time with Bill Maher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher \"Real Time with Bill Maher\")*, [Bill Maher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Maher \"Bill Maher\") expressed support for use of the \"Black Lives Matter\" phrase, stating that \"'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not\".[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-37)\n\nFounders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, \"\\#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within [white supremacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_supremacy \"White supremacy\"), are important to your liberation.\"[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) Black Lives Matter movement co-founder [Alicia Garza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alicia_Garza \"Alicia Garza\") argues that \"all lives matter\" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: \"When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy.\"[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) In a video interview with [Laura Flanders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Flanders \"Laura Flanders\"), Garza said that \"changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand [structural racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Societal_racism \"Societal racism\") in this country\".[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-TruthOut-39)\n\nPresident [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-CBS-40) Obama said, \"I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities.\" He also said \"that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address.\"[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-tactics-41)\n\nIn July 2016, *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")* concluded from the thoughts of [Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\") sociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase *All Lives Matter* could \"be interpreted as racist\". It also cited professor [Joe Feagin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Feagin \"Joe Feagin\"), who said that [white people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_people \"White people\") use the phrase \"All Lives Matter\" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as \"already about liberty and justice for all.\" *USA Today* reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag \\#AllLivesMatter, including [Jennifer Lopez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jennifer_Lopez \"Jennifer Lopez\") and [Fetty Wap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fetty_Wap \"Fetty Wap\"), had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-42) It also mentioned cartoonist [Kris Straub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kris_Straub \"Kris Straub\"), who tweeted a cartoon titled \"All Houses Matter\", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34)\n\nAndrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the [University of Colorado Boulder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Colorado_Boulder \"University of Colorado Boulder\"), has provided a criticism of \"All Lives Matter\" from the perspective of [philosophy of language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philosophy_of_language \"Philosophy of language\"). According to Chapman, while both \"Black Lives Matter\" and \"All Lives Matter\" are *true* (and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan \"All Lives Matter\" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial [pragmatic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pragmatics \"Pragmatics\") component, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, \"all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means).\"[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-43)\n\nSee also\n\n- [Blue Lives Matter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Lives_Matter \"Blue Lives Matter\")\n- [Reverse racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reverse_racism \"Reverse racism\")\n\nReferences\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-1)\n   Edgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018). *The struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter*. [Lexington Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowman_%26_Littlefield \"Rowman & Littlefield\"). pp. xxi–xxii. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-4985-7206-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4985-7206-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4985-7206-4\")\n   \n   .\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-2)**\n   Lopez, German (July 11, 2016). [\"Why you should stop saying \"all lives matter,\" explained in 9 different ways\"](https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/7\/11\/12136140\/black-all-lives-matter). *[Vox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vox_\\(website\\) \"Vox (website)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190926015514\/https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/7\/11\/12136140\/black-all-lives-matter) from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-3)**\n   Townes, Carimah (October 22, 2015). [\"Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/archive.thinkprogress.org\/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888\/). *[ThinkProgress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ThinkProgress \"ThinkProgress\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200604192459\/https:\/\/archive.thinkprogress.org\/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888\/) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-4)**\n   Yancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015). [\"What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?\"](https:\/\/archive.nytimes.com\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/01\/12\/whats-wrong-with-all-lives-matter\/). *Opinionator*.\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-3)\n   West, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021). [\"Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/lirias.kuleuven.be\/handle\/123456789\/675841). *[British Journal of Social Psychology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology \"British Journal of Social Psychology\")*. **60** (4): 1136–1153\\. 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[Bibcode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_\\(identifier\\) \"Bibcode (identifier)\"):[2018PLoSO..1395644G](https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2018PLoSO..1395644G). [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1371\/journal.pone.0195644](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0195644). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1932-6203](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1932-6203). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [5906010](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5906010). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [29668754](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29668754).\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-7)**\n   Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). \"Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere\". [*Breaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=r_e3DwAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–91\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-108-42723-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-108-42723-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-108-42723-4\")\n   \n   – via Google Books.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:3_8-0)**\n   Carney, Nikita (May 2016). \"All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media\". *Humanity & Society*. **40** (2): 180–199\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1177\/0160597616643868](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0160597616643868). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [147003489](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:147003489).\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-9)**\n   Rappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015). [\"Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash\"](https:\/\/archive.nytimes.com\/www.nytimes.com\/politics\/first-draft\/2015\/06\/24\/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash\/). *[First Draft News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Draft_News \"First Draft News\")*.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-10)**\n    Wagner, John (July 18, 2015). [\"O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.'\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201205072418\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders\/2015\/07\/18\/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html). *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders\/2015\/07\/18\/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html) on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-11)**\n    Hensch, Mark (July 18, 2015). [\"'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news\/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\\(newspaper\\) \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201128083547\/https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news\/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event) from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-12)**\n    Swan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016). [\"Trump to protesters: All lives matter\"](https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter). *[The Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hill_\\(newspaper\\) \"The Hill (newspaper)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132634\/https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-13)**\n    Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). [\"Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter\/2016\/07\/12\/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html). *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180402224250\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter\/2016\/07\/12\/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html) from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2016.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-14)**\n    Scott, Eugene (September 3, 2015). [\"Tim Scott defends use of \"all lives matter\"\"](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/09\/03\/politics\/tim-scott-all-lives-matter\/). [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"). 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[\"All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter\"](https:\/\/www.commonwealmagazine.org\/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter). *[Commonweal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonweal_\\(magazine\\) \"Commonweal (magazine)\")*. **15**. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200604192508\/https:\/\/www.commonwealmagazine.org\/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-17)**\n    Quinn, Melissa (June 6, 2020). [\"Pence on Black Lives Matter: \"I really believe all lives matter\"\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132631\/https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation\/) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-18)**\n    Lim, Naomi (July 11, 2016). [\"Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist'\"](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/11\/politics\/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist\/index.html). *[CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211218132639\/https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/11\/politics\/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist\/index.html) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-npr_zuckerberg_19-0)**\n    Selyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016). [\"Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/alltechconsidered\/2016\/02\/26\/467985384\/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter). *[NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160617154910\/http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/alltechconsidered\/2016\/02\/26\/467985384\/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-shaunking-zuckerberg_20-0)**\n    King, Shaun (February 25, 2016). [\"Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190202025559\/https:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/national\/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985). New York. 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[\"\\#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say\"](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation-now\/2016\/07\/13\/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter\/87025190\/). *[USA Today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_Today \"USA Today\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161207182644\/http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation-now\/2016\/07\/13\/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter\/87025190\/) from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2025.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-35)**\n    [Goldberg, David Theo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Theo_Goldberg \"David Theo Goldberg\") (September 25, 2015). [\"Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America\"](https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424). *[HuffPost](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HuffPost \"HuffPost\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200531114617\/https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424) from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2015.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:2_36-0)**\n    Lebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018). *The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-19-091075-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-091075-4 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-091075-4\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\\(identifier\\) \"OCLC (identifier)\") [1059579720](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1059579720).\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-37)**\n    [*Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160310095444\/https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk). YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk) on March 10, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015.\n38. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-1)\n    Garza, Alicia (October 7, 2014). [\"A Herstory of the \\#BlackLivesMatter Movement\"](https:\/\/www.thefeministwire.com\/2014\/10\/blacklivesmatter-2\/). *The Feminist Wire*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151002002856\/http:\/\/www.thefeministwire.com\/2014\/10\/blacklivesmatter-2\/) from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-TruthOut_39-0)**\n    [Flanders, Laura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Flanders \"Laura Flanders\") (March 24, 2015). [\"Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of \\#BlackLivesMatter\"](https:\/\/truthout.org\/video\/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza\/). Truthout. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200524021736\/https:\/\/truthout.org\/video\/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza\/) from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015.\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-CBS_40-0)**\n    [\"President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. CBS\/AP. October 23, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151023114806\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement\/) from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-tactics_41-0)**\n    Tucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen. [\"Tactics of Black Lives Matter\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151102024356\/https:\/\/www.kcts9.org\/programs\/in-close\/tactics-black-lives-matter). [KCTS-TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KCTS-TV \"KCTS-TV\"). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/in-close-tactics-black-lives-matter\/) on November 2, 2015.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-42)**\n    Victor, Daniel (July 15, 2016). [\"Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/07\/16\/us\/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-43)**\n    [\"The Pragmatics of Saying \"All Lives Matter\": A Critique\"](https:\/\/againstprofphil.org\/2020\/06\/26\/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique\/). *Againstprofphil.org*. June 26, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201219151531\/https:\/\/againstprofphil.org\/2020\/06\/26\/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique\/) from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021.\n\nFurther reading\n\n- Atkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019). [\"*Black Lives Matter* or *All Lives Matter*? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). *[Social Epistemology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Epistemology_\\(journal\\) \"Social Epistemology (journal)\")*. **33** (1): 1–22\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1080\/02691728.2018.1483879](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [149718854](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:149718854).\n- Agozino, Biko (April 2018). \"Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter\". *African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies*. **11** (1): 1–11\\. [Gale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gale_\\(publisher\\) \"Gale (publisher)\") [676106490](https:\/\/go.gale.com\/ps\/anonymous?id=GALE%7C676106490) [ProQuest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProQuest \"ProQuest\") [2046674973](https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/2046674973).\n- Kil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). \"Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of \"All Lives Matter\"\". *[Communication Theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_Theory_\\(journal\\) \"Communication Theory (journal)\")*. **30** (1): 21–40\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/ct\/qtz019](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fct%2Fqtz019).\n- Tawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). \"'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks\". *Race and Social Problems*. **8** (2): 196–208\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s12552-016-9171-z](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs12552-016-9171-z). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [255613498](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:255613498).\n- Keiser, Jessica (December 2021). [\"The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). *[Synthese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synthese \"Synthese\")*. **199** (3–4\\): 8465–8483\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s11229-021-03171-y](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [235556011](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:235556011).","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter
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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "All Lives Matter" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017 All Lives Matter is a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] initially popularized on social media following the police killings of Michael Brown and Eric Garner in 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that police violence and discrimination disproportionately affect Black Americans , or that it misinterprets "Black Lives Matter" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it. History The All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the Black Lives Matter movement. [ 5 ] The use of the All Lives Matter slogan on Twitter following the killings of Michael Brown and Eric Garner began in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of racial violence against African Americans , and spread as a conservative rejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of police brutality and ethnic violence . [ 1 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Some supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely. [ 8 ] The All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the 2016 United States presidential election . [ 5 ] In June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton faced backlash after using the phrase "all lives matter" at an African-American church in Missouri during her presidential campaign. [ 9 ] Martin O'Malley , another 2016 Democratic presidential candidate, was booed when he said: " White lives matter . All lives matter." [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Several Republican candidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said "All lives matter" at one of his rallies, [ 12 ] and claimed that "Black Lives Matter" is a divisive and racist term. [ 13 ] United States Republican Senator Tim Scott has used the term when calling for racial equality and unity. [ 14 ] Ben Carson , former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Donald Trump , is a proponent of All Lives Matter, [ 15 ] as is Senator Rand Paul , who has claimed that Black Lives Matter "focused on the wrong targets". Paul stated that "I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter." [ 16 ] Other Republican supporters include Mike Pence [ 17 ] and Rudy Giuliani . [ 18 ] On February 24, 2016, Mark Zuckerberg , CEO of Facebook , sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten "Black Lives Matter" phrases on the company walls and had written "All Lives Matter" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but "malicious as well". [ 19 ] According to Zuckerberg's memo, " Black Lives Matter doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve." The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, "means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's." [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In July 2016, American football player Richard Sherman supported the All Lives Matter message, saying "I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings." He wanted African Americans to be "treated like human beings" and did not want innocent police officers being killed. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] On October 2, 2016, a fan at a Chicago Bears NFL game ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read "All Lives Matter" on the front. [ 25 ] At a performance during the 2016 MLB All-Star Game in July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of The Tenors , held up an "All Lives Matter" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem " O Canada ". [ 26 ] Pereira sang, "We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great," instead of the lines, "With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free." [ 26 ] Even after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting "I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose." [ 26 ] Activists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in Dallas , stating: "We're all brothers and sisters." [ 27 ] American rapper XXXTentacion came under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song " Look at Me! ". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that "[Y]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder," in similar fashion to his song " Riot ", which criticized many rioters associated with the Black Lives Matter movement. [ 28 ] On June 11, 2020, Australian senator and One Nation leader Pauline Hanson put forward a bid to pass an "all lives matter" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] In July 2020, Cisco Systems fired "a handful" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured Darren Walker and Bryan Stevenson speaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase "All Lives Matter". [ 31 ] On September 11, 2020, the phrase "All Buildings Matter" became a trending topic on Twitter . The phrase was popularized by comedian Michael Che as a parody of "All Lives Matter", in reference to the September 11th attacks . [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Motivation and beliefs The motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the British Journal Of Social Psychology , measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against Black people are correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support racial color blindness as a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic. [ 5 ] Support for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements. [ 5 ] Criticisms "What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?", a sign at a protest against Donald Trump External image "All Houses Matter" , Chainsawsuit , Kris Straub , July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see "All Lives Matter" as problematic. [ 34 ] According to professor of critical race theory , David Theo Goldberg , "All Lives Matter" reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial". [ 35 ] Philosopher Chris Lebron describes "All Lives Matter" as a "disingenuous retort" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents. [ 36 ] On Real Time with Bill Maher , Bill Maher expressed support for use of the "Black Lives Matter" phrase, stating that "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not". [ 37 ] Founders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, "#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within white supremacy , are important to your liberation." [ 38 ] Black Lives Matter movement co-founder Alicia Garza argues that "all lives matter" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: "When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy." [ 38 ] In a video interview with Laura Flanders , Garza said that "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand structural racism in this country". [ 39 ] President Barack Obama spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter. [ 40 ] Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address." [ 41 ] In July 2016, USA Today concluded from the thoughts of Columbia University sociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase All Lives Matter could "be interpreted as racist". It also cited professor Joe Feagin , who said that white people use the phrase "All Lives Matter" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as "already about liberty and justice for all." USA Today reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag #AllLivesMatter, including Jennifer Lopez and Fetty Wap , had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag. [ 42 ] It also mentioned cartoonist Kris Straub , who tweeted a cartoon titled "All Houses Matter", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term. [ 34 ] Andrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the University of Colorado Boulder , has provided a criticism of "All Lives Matter" from the perspective of philosophy of language . According to Chapman, while both "Black Lives Matter" and "All Lives Matter" are true (and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan "All Lives Matter" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial pragmatic component, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, "all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means)." [ 43 ] See also Blue Lives Matter Reverse racism References ^ a b Edgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018). The struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter . Lexington Books . pp. xxi– xxii. ISBN 978-1-4985-7206-4 . ^ Lopez, German (July 11, 2016). "Why you should stop saying "all lives matter," explained in 9 different ways" . Vox . Archived from the original on September 26, 2019 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Townes, Carimah (October 22, 2015). "Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter' " . ThinkProgress . Archived from the original on June 4, 2020 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Yancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015). "What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?" . Opinionator . ^ a b c d West, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021). "Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter' " . British Journal of Social Psychology . 60 (4): 1136– 1153. doi : 10.1111/bjso.12458 . PMID 33977556 . S2CID 234474038 . ^ Gallagher, Ryan J.; Reagan, Andrew J.; Danforth, Christopher M.; Dodds, Peter Sheridan (April 18, 2018). "Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter" . PLOS ONE . 13 (4) e0195644. arXiv : 1606.06820 . Bibcode : 2018PLoSO..1395644G . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0195644 . ISSN 1932-6203 . PMC 5906010 . PMID 29668754 . ^ Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). "Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere". Breaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere . Cambridge University Press. pp. 70– 91. ISBN 978-1-108-42723-4 – via Google Books. ^ Carney, Nikita (May 2016). "All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media". Humanity & Society . 40 (2): 180– 199. doi : 10.1177/0160597616643868 . S2CID 147003489 . ^ Rappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015). "Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash" . First Draft News . ^ Wagner, John (July 18, 2015). "O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.' " . Washington Post . Archived from the original on December 5, 2020 . Retrieved December 26, 2020 . ^ Hensch, Mark (July 18, 2015). " 'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events" . The Hill . Archived from the original on November 28, 2020 . Retrieved December 26, 2020 . ^ Swan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016). "Trump to protesters: All lives matter" . The Hill . 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Archived from the original on December 18, 2021 . Retrieved December 18, 2021 . ^ Lim, Naomi (July 11, 2016). "Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist' " . CNN . Archived from the original on December 18, 2021 . Retrieved December 18, 2021 . ^ Selyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016). "Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter' " . NPR . Archived from the original on June 17, 2016 . Retrieved June 18, 2016 . ^ King, Shaun (February 25, 2016). "Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases" . New York. New York Daily News . Archived from the original on February 2, 2019 . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ Jessica, Guynn (February 25, 2016). "Zuckerberg reprimands Facebook staff defacing 'Black Lives Matter' slogan" . USA Today . Archived from the original on March 18, 2020 . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ Snyder, Benjamin (February 25, 2016). "Mark Zuckerberg Takes Facebook Workers to Task Over 'All Lives Matter' Graffiti" . Fortune . Archived from the original on January 29, 2020 . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ Foxworthy, Dominique (July 26, 2016). "RICHARD SHERMAN: AS HUMAN BEINGS, ALL LIVES MATTER" . Andscape . Archived from the original on August 3, 2020 . Retrieved August 7, 2020 . ^ Samuel, Ebenezer (July 27, 2016). "Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman explains why he stands by that All Lives Matter" . New York Daily News . Archived from the original on April 1, 2019 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ "Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game" . Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on June 12, 2020 . Retrieved October 18, 2016 . ^ a b c Shepherd, Ken (July 13, 2016). "Remigio Pereira, who worked 'All Lives Matter' into Canadian anthem, suspended from singing group" . The Washington Times . Archived from the original on August 17, 2016 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Gauthier, Brendan (July 12, 2016). "WATCH: "We're all brothers and sisters": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas" . Salon . Archived from the original on June 12, 2020 . Retrieved August 10, 2016 . ^ A, Aron (September 14, 2017). "XXXTENTACION Says "Look at Me" Video Is "All Lives Matter" " . HotNewHipHop . Archived from the original on September 18, 2017 . Retrieved January 28, 2020 . ^ Young, Evan (June 12, 2020). "Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate" . SBS World News . Archived from the original on December 18, 2021 . Retrieved December 18, 2021 . ^ Hurst, Daniel (June 11, 2020). "Senators unite to block Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on December 18, 2021 . Retrieved December 18, 2021 . ^ Grant, Nico; King, Ian (July 17, 2020). "Cisco fires workers for racial comments during diversity forum" . Bloomberg News . Archived from the original on July 28, 2020 . Retrieved July 31, 2020 . ^ Seren Morris (September 11, 2020). "Why "All Buildings Matter" is trending on 9/11 anniversary" . Newsweek.com . Archived from the original on September 11, 2020 . Retrieved September 11, 2020 . ^ Farrell, Paul (September 11, 2020). " 'All Buildings Matter' Becomes Top Twitter Trend on 9/11 Anniversary" . Heavy . Archived from the original on January 19, 2021 . Retrieved September 11, 2020 . ^ a b May, Ashley (July 13, 2016). "#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say" . USA Today . Archived from the original on December 7, 2016 . Retrieved May 25, 2025 . ^ Goldberg, David Theo (September 25, 2015). "Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America" . HuffPost . Archived from the original on May 31, 2020 . Retrieved November 18, 2015 . ^ Lebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018). The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-091075-4 . OCLC 1059579720 . ^ Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie? . YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016 . Retrieved November 19, 2015 . ^ a b Garza, Alicia (October 7, 2014). "A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement" . The Feminist Wire . Archived from the original on October 2, 2015 . Retrieved October 2, 2015 . ^ Flanders, Laura (March 24, 2015). "Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of #BlackLivesMatter" . Truthout. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020 . Retrieved March 25, 2015 . ^ "President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement" . CBS News . CBS/AP. October 23, 2015. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015 . Retrieved October 24, 2015 . ^ Tucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen. "Tactics of Black Lives Matter" . KCTS-TV . Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. ^ Victor, Daniel (July 15, 2016). "Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase" . The New York Times . ^ "The Pragmatics of Saying "All Lives Matter": A Critique" . Againstprofphil.org . June 26, 2020. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020 . Retrieved December 20, 2021 . Further reading Atkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019). " Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter ? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice" . Social Epistemology . 33 (1): 1– 22. doi : 10.1080/02691728.2018.1483879 . S2CID 149718854 . Agozino, Biko (April 2018). "Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter". African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies . 11 (1): 1– 11. Gale 676106490 ProQuest 2046674973 . Kil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). "Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of "All Lives Matter" ". Communication Theory . 30 (1): 21– 40. doi : 10.1093/ct/qtz019 . Tawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). " 'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks". Race and Social Problems . 8 (2): 196– 208. doi : 10.1007/s12552-016-9171-z . S2CID 255613498 . Keiser, Jessica (December 2021). "The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice" . Synthese . 199 ( 3– 4): 8465– 8483. doi : 10.1007/s11229-021-03171-y . S2CID 235556011 .
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=All+Lives+Matter "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=All+Lives+Matter "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter) - [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#History) - [2 Motivation and beliefs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#Motivation_and_beliefs) - [3 Criticisms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#Criticisms) - [4 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#See_also) - [5 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#References) - [6 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#Further_reading) Toggle the table of contents # All Lives Matter 11 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9 "حياة الجميع مهمة – Arabic") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Belarusian") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – German") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Estonian") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – French") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Indonesian") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Portuguese") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Russian") - [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Swahili") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "All Lives Matter – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28130581#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:All_Lives_Matter "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&action=edit "This page is protected. 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Counterslogan to Black Lives Matter [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Defending_Portland_\(34939466302\)_\(cropped\).jpg) "All Lives Matter" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017 All Lives Matter is a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") (BLM) movement,[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-4) initially popularized on social media following the police killings of [Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown "Killing of Michael Brown") and [Eric Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner "Killing of Eric Garner") in 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that [police violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality "Police brutality") and discrimination disproportionately affect [Black Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), or that it misinterprets "Black Lives Matter" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it. ## History The All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") movement.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) The use of the All Lives Matter slogan on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter") following the killings of [Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown "Shooting of Michael Brown") and [Eric Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner "Killing of Eric Garner") began in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of [racial violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_violence "Racial violence") against [African Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), and spread as a [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism "Conservatism") rejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of [police brutality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality "Police brutality") and [ethnic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_violence "Ethnic violence").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-7) Some supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:3-8) The All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) In June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") faced backlash after using the phrase "all lives matter" at an African-American church in [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri") during her presidential campaign.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-9) [Martin O'Malley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley "Martin O'Malley"), another 2016 [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") presidential candidate, was booed when he said: "[White lives matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lives_Matter "White Lives Matter"). All lives matter."[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-11) Several [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") candidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said "All lives matter" at one of his rallies,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-12) and claimed that "Black Lives Matter" is a divisive and racist term.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-13) United States Republican [Senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") [Tim Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Scott "Tim Scott") has used the term when calling for racial equality and unity.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-14) [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"), former [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") under [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), is a proponent of All Lives Matter,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-15) as is Senator [Rand Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rand_Paul "Rand Paul"), who has claimed that Black Lives Matter "focused on the wrong targets". Paul stated that "I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter."[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:4-16) Other Republican supporters include [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence")[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-17) and [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-18) On February 24, 2016, [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), CEO of [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten "Black Lives Matter" phrases on the company walls and had written "All Lives Matter" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but "malicious as well".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-npr_zuckerberg-19) According to Zuckerberg's memo, "Black Lives Matter doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve." The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, "means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-shaunking-zuckerberg-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-guynn-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-benjaminsnyder-22) In July 2016, American football player [Richard Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sherman_\(American_football\) "Richard Sherman (American football)") supported the All Lives Matter message, saying "I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings." He wanted African Americans to be "treated like human beings" and did not want innocent police officers being killed.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-24) On October 2, 2016, a fan at a [Chicago Bears](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears "Chicago Bears") [NFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") game ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read "All Lives Matter" on the front.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-25) At a performance during the [2016 MLB All-Star Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_MLB_All-Star_Game "2016 MLB All-Star Game") in July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of [The Tenors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenors "The Tenors"), held up an "All Lives Matter" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem "[O Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Canada "O Canada")".[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Pereira sang, "We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great," instead of the lines, "With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free."[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Even after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting "I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose."[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Activists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in [Dallas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas "Dallas"), stating: "We're all brothers and sisters."[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-27) American [rapper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper "Rapper") [XXXTentacion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXTentacion "XXXTentacion") came under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song "[Look at Me\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_at_Me_\(XXXTentacion_song\) "Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)")". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that "\[Y\]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder," in similar fashion to his song "[Riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_\(XXXTentacion_song\) "Riot (XXXTentacion song)")", which criticized many rioters associated with the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") movement.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-28) On June 11, 2020, Australian senator and [One Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation "Pauline Hanson's One Nation") leader [Pauline Hanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Hanson "Pauline Hanson") put forward a bid to pass an "all lives matter" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-30) In July 2020, [Cisco Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems "Cisco Systems") fired "a handful" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured [Darren Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Walker "Darren Walker") and [Bryan Stevenson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Stevenson "Bryan Stevenson") speaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase "All Lives Matter".[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-31) On September 11, 2020, the phrase "All Buildings Matter" became a trending topic on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"). The phrase was popularized by comedian [Michael Che](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Che "Michael Che") as a parody of "All Lives Matter", in reference to the [September 11th attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-33) ## Motivation and beliefs The motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the [British Journal Of Social Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology "British Journal of Social Psychology"), measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against [Black people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people "Black people") are correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support [racial color blindness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_color_blindness "Racial color blindness") as a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) Support for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) ## Criticisms [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg/250px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_\(31797745824\).jpg) "What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?", a sign at a [protest against Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") \| External image \| \|---\| \| [![image icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/20px-Searchtool.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Searchtool.svg) ["All Houses Matter"](https://chainsawsuit.krisstraub.com/20160707.shtml), Chainsawsuit, [Kris Straub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Straub "Kris Straub"), July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see "All Lives Matter" as problematic.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) \| According to professor of [critical race theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_race_theory "Critical race theory"), [David Theo Goldberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Theo_Goldberg "David Theo Goldberg"), "All Lives Matter" reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial".[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-35) Philosopher Chris Lebron describes "All Lives Matter" as a "disingenuous retort" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:2-36) On [Real Time with Bill Maher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher "Real Time with Bill Maher"), [Bill Maher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Maher "Bill Maher") expressed support for use of the "Black Lives Matter" phrase, stating that "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not".[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-37) Founders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, "\#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within [white supremacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy "White supremacy"), are important to your liberation."[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) Black Lives Matter movement co-founder [Alicia Garza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia_Garza "Alicia Garza") argues that "all lives matter" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: "When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy."[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) In a video interview with [Laura Flanders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Flanders "Laura Flanders"), Garza said that "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand [structural racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_racism "Societal racism") in this country".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-TruthOut-39) President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-CBS-40) Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-tactics-41) In July 2016, [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today") concluded from the thoughts of [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University") sociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase All Lives Matter could "be interpreted as racist". It also cited professor [Joe Feagin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Feagin "Joe Feagin"), who said that [white people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people "White people") use the phrase "All Lives Matter" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as "already about liberty and justice for all." USA Today reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag \#AllLivesMatter, including [Jennifer Lopez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez "Jennifer Lopez") and [Fetty Wap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetty_Wap "Fetty Wap"), had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-42) It also mentioned cartoonist [Kris Straub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Straub "Kris Straub"), who tweeted a cartoon titled "All Houses Matter", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) Andrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the [University of Colorado Boulder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder "University of Colorado Boulder"), has provided a criticism of "All Lives Matter" from the perspective of [philosophy of language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language "Philosophy of language"). According to Chapman, while both "Black Lives Matter" and "All Lives Matter" are true (and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan "All Lives Matter" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial [pragmatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics "Pragmatics") component, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, "all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means)."[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-43) ## See also - [Blue Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter "Blue Lives Matter") - [Reverse racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_racism "Reverse racism") ## References 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-1) Edgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018). The struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter. [Lexington Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield "Rowman & Littlefield"). pp. xxi–xxii. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-4985-7206-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7206-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7206-4") . 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-2)* Lopez, German (July 11, 2016). ["Why you should stop saying "all lives matter," explained in 9 different ways"](https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter). [Vox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_\(website\) "Vox (website)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190926015514/https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter) from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-3) Townes, Carimah (October 22, 2015). ["Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'"](https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/). [ThinkProgress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThinkProgress "ThinkProgress"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192459/https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-4) Yancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015). ["What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?"](https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/12/whats-wrong-with-all-lives-matter/). Opinionator. 5. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-3) West, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021). ["Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/675841). [British Journal of Social Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology "British Journal of Social Psychology"). 60* (4): 1136–1153\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/bjso.12458](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbjso.12458). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [33977556](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977556). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [234474038](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234474038). 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-6) Gallagher, Ryan J.; Reagan, Andrew J.; Danforth, Christopher M.; Dodds, Peter Sheridan (April 18, 2018). ["Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: \#BlackLivesMatter and \#AllLivesMatter"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906010). PLOS ONE. 13 (4) e0195644. [arXiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_\(identifier\) "ArXiv (identifier)"):[1606\.06820](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06820). [Bibcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_\(identifier\) "Bibcode (identifier)"):[2018PLoSO..1395644G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PLoSO..1395644G). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1371/journal.pone.0195644](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0195644). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1932-6203](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [5906010](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906010). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [29668754](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668754). 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-7) Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). "Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere". [Breaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere](https://books.google.com/books?id=r_e3DwAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–91\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-108-42723-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42723-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42723-4") – via Google Books. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:3_8-0) Carney, Nikita (May 2016). "All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media". Humanity & Society. 40 (2): 180–199\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1177/0160597616643868](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0160597616643868). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [147003489](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147003489). 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-9) Rappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015). ["Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash"](https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/06/24/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash/). [First Draft News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_News "First Draft News"). 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-10) Wagner, John (July 18, 2015). ["O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201205072418/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders/2015/07/18/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html). [Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post"). Archived from [the original](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders/2015/07/18/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html) on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-11) Hensch, Mark (July 18, 2015). ["'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events"](https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event). [The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201128083547/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event) from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-12) Swan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016). ["Trump to protesters: All lives matter"](https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter). [The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132634/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-13) Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). ["Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html). [Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180402224250/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html) from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2016. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-14) Scott, Eugene (September 3, 2015). ["Tim Scott defends use of "all lives matter""](http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190512142400/https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/) from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-15) Sherfinski, David (October 15, 2015). ["Ben Carson: 'Of course all lives matter — and all lives includes black lives'"](https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/). [The Washington Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times "The Washington Times"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191122130206/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/) from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2016. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:4_16-0) Marino, Gordon (September 2, 2015). ["All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter"](https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter). [Commonweal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonweal_\(magazine\) "Commonweal (magazine)"). 15. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192508/https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-17) Quinn, Melissa (June 6, 2020). ["Pence on Black Lives Matter: "I really believe all lives matter""](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132631/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation/) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-18) Lim, Naomi (July 11, 2016). ["Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist'"](https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist/index.html). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132639/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist/index.html) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-npr_zuckerberg_19-0) Selyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016). ["Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter). [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160617154910/http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-shaunking-zuckerberg_20-0) King, Shaun (February 25, 2016). ["Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190202025559/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985). New York. [New York Daily News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News "New York Daily News"). Archived from [the original](http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985) on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2016. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-guynn_21-0) Jessica, Guynn (February 25, 2016). ["Zuckerberg reprimands Facebook staff defacing 'Black Lives Matter' slogan"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/02/25/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity/80933694/). [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200318170616/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/02/25/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity/80933694/) from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2016. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-benjaminsnyder_22-0) Snyder, Benjamin (February 25, 2016). ["Mark Zuckerberg Takes Facebook Workers to Task Over 'All Lives Matter' Graffiti"](https://fortune.com/2016/02/25/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter/). [Fortune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_\(magazine\) "Fortune (magazine)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200129014049/https://fortune.com/2016/02/25/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter/) from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2016. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-23) Foxworthy, Dominique (July 26, 2016). ["RICHARD SHERMAN: AS HUMAN BEINGS, ALL LIVES MATTER"](https://andscape.com/features/richard-sherman-as-human-beings-all-lives-matter/). [Andscape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andscape "Andscape"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803234957/https://theundefeated.com/features/richard-sherman-as-human-beings-all-lives-matter/) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-24) Samuel, Ebenezer (July 27, 2016). ["Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman explains why he stands by that All Lives Matter"](http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272). [New York Daily News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News "New York Daily News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190401204042/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272) from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2016. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-25) ["Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game"](https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game). [Chicago Sun-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times "Chicago Sun-Times"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154109/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game) from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2016. 26. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-canada_26-2) Shepherd, Ken (July 13, 2016). ["Remigio Pereira, who worked 'All Lives Matter' into Canadian anthem, suspended from singing group"](https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/13/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c/). [The Washington Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times "The Washington Times"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160817192456/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/13/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c/) from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-27)* Gauthier, Brendan (July 12, 2016). ["WATCH: "We're all brothers and sisters": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas"](https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/). [Salon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon.com "Salon.com"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154036/https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/) from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2016. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-28) A, Aron (September 14, 2017). ["XXXTENTACION Says "Look at Me" Video Is "All Lives Matter""](https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html). HotNewHipHop. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064646/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html) from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2020. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-29) Young, Evan (June 12, 2020). ["Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate"](https://www.sbs.com.au/news/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2). [SBS World News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_World_News "SBS World News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132635/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-30) Hurst, Daniel (June 11, 2020). ["Senators unite to block Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion"](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/11/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion). [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132638/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/11/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-31) Grant, Nico; King, Ian (July 17, 2020). ["Cisco fires workers for racial comments during diversity forum"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-17/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum). [Bloomberg News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200728044354/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-17/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-32) Seren Morris (September 11, 2020). ["Why "All Buildings Matter" is trending on 9/11 anniversary"](https://www.newsweek.com/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278). Newsweek.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200911191111/https://www.newsweek.com/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278) from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-33) Farrell, Paul (September 11, 2020). ["'All Buildings Matter' Becomes Top Twitter Trend on 9/11 Anniversary"](https://heavy.com/news/2020/09/all-buildings-matter/). [Heavy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_\(website\) "Heavy (website)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210119124845/https://heavy.com/news/2020/09/all-buildings-matter/) from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 34. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-1) May, Ashley (July 13, 2016). ["\#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/). [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161207182644/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/) from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2025. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-35)* [Goldberg, David Theo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Theo_Goldberg "David Theo Goldberg") (September 25, 2015). ["Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America"](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424). [HuffPost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost "HuffPost"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200531114617/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424) from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2015. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:2_36-0) Lebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018). The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-19-091075-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091075-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091075-4") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [1059579720](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1059579720). 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-37) [Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310095444/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk). YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from [the original](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk) on March 10, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015. 38. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-1) Garza, Alicia (October 7, 2014). ["A Herstory of the \#BlackLivesMatter Movement"](https://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/). The Feminist Wire. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151002002856/http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/) from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. 39. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-TruthOut_39-0)* [Flanders, Laura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Flanders "Laura Flanders") (March 24, 2015). ["Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of \#BlackLivesMatter"](https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/). Truthout. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200524021736/https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/) from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 40. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-CBS_40-0) ["President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). CBS/AP. October 23, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151023114806/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/) from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 41. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-tactics_41-0) Tucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen. ["Tactics of Black Lives Matter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024356/https://www.kcts9.org/programs/in-close/tactics-black-lives-matter). [KCTS-TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCTS-TV "KCTS-TV"). Archived from [the original](https://www.pbs.org/video/in-close-tactics-black-lives-matter/) on November 2, 2015. 42. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-42) Victor, Daniel (July 15, 2016). ["Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html). [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times"). 43. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-43) ["The Pragmatics of Saying "All Lives Matter": A Critique"](https://againstprofphil.org/2020/06/26/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique/). Againstprofphil.org. June 26, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201219151531/https://againstprofphil.org/2020/06/26/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique/) from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021. ## Further reading - Atkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019). ["Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [Social Epistemology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Epistemology_\(journal\) "Social Epistemology (journal)"). 33 (1): 1–22\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/02691728.2018.1483879](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [149718854](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149718854). - Agozino, Biko (April 2018). "Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter". African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 11 (1): 1–11\. [Gale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_\(publisher\) "Gale (publisher)") [676106490](https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7C676106490) [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [2046674973](https://www.proquest.com/docview/2046674973). - Kil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). "Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of "All Lives Matter"". [Communication Theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Theory_\(journal\) "Communication Theory (journal)"). 30 (1): 21–40\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/ct/qtz019](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fct%2Fqtz019). - Tawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). "'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks". Race and Social Problems. 8 (2): 196–208\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s12552-016-9171-z](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12552-016-9171-z). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [255613498](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255613498). - Keiser, Jessica (December 2021). ["The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [Synthese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthese "Synthese"). 199 (3–4\): 8465–8483\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s11229-021-03171-y](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [235556011](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235556011). \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter "Template:Black Lives Matter") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter "Template talk:Black Lives Matter") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter "Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter")[Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| People \| [Melina Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melina_Abdullah "Melina Abdullah") [Tay Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_Anderson "Tay Anderson") [Cicely Belle Blain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicely_Belle_Blain "Cicely Belle Blain") [Cat Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Brooks "Cat Brooks") [Cori Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_Bush "Cori Bush") [Gwen Carr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen_Carr "Gwen Carr") [Benjamin Crump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Crump "Benjamin Crump") [Patrisse Cullors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors "Patrisse Cullors") [Aalayah Eastmond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond "Aalayah Eastmond") [Johnetta Elzie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie "Johnetta Elzie") [Bruce Franks Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr. "Bruce Franks Jr.") [Darnella Frazier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnella_Frazier "Darnella Frazier") [Erica Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erica_Garner "Erica Garner") [Alicia Garza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia_Garza "Alicia Garza") [Ja'Mal Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27Mal_Green "Ja'Mal Green") [Tsion Gurmu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsion_Gurmu "Tsion Gurmu") [Demetria Hester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetria_Hester "Demetria Hester") [Sandy Hudson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Hudson "Sandy Hudson") [Blair Imani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_Imani "Blair Imani") [Natalie Aleta Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson "Natalie Aleta Jackson") [Marissa Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marissa_Johnson "Marissa Johnson") [Sasha Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasha_Johnson "Sasha Johnson") [Jari Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari_Jones "Jari Jones") [Tishaura Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishaura_Jones "Tishaura Jones") [Mariame Kaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariame_Kaba "Mariame Kaba") [Colin Kaepernick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick "Colin Kaepernick") [Brittany Kamai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Kamai "Brittany Kamai") [Mwende Katwiwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwende_Katwiwa "Mwende Katwiwa") [Janaya Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaya_Khan "Janaya Khan") [Nupol Kiazolu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nupol_Kiazolu "Nupol Kiazolu") [Shaun King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_King "Shaun King") [Nekima Levy Armstrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong "Nekima Levy Armstrong") [Eva Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Lewis "Eva Lewis") [Tamika Mallory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamika_Mallory "Tamika Mallory") [Philip McHarris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_McHarris "Philip McHarris") [DeRay Mckesson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson "DeRay Mckesson") [Elle Moxley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elle_Moxley "Elle Moxley") [Muhiyidin Moye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye "Muhiyidin Moye") [Bree Newsome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bree_Newsome "Bree Newsome") [Nikkita Oliver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver "Nikkita Oliver") [Ijeoma Oluo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo "Ijeoma Oluo") [Chi Ossé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Oss%C3%A9 "Chi Ossé") [Brittany Packnett Cunningham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham "Brittany Packnett Cunningham") [Eugene Puryear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Puryear "Eugene Puryear") [Teressa Raiford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teressa_Raiford "Teressa Raiford") [Jen Reid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen_Reid "Jen Reid") [Linda Sarsour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Sarsour "Linda Sarsour") [Al Sharpton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Sharpton "Al Sharpton") [Samuel Sinyangwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe "Samuel Sinyangwe") [Nova Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Stevens "Nova Stevens") [Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor "Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor") [John Thompson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thompson_\(Minnesota_politician\) "John Thompson (Minnesota politician)") [Ayọ Tometi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi "Ayọ Tometi") [Assa Traoré](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9 "Assa Traoré") [Syrus Marcus Ware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware "Syrus Marcus Ware") \| \| Events \| \| \| \| \| \| 2010s \| [Ferguson unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest "Ferguson unrest") [2015 Baltimore protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests "2015 Baltimore protests") [2015–2016 University of Missouri protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests "2015–2016 University of Missouri protests") [Dismissal of Robert Rialmo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo "Dismissal of Robert Rialmo") [2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest "2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest") [2017 St. Louis protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests "2017 St. Louis protests") \| \| 2020s \| [Breonna Taylor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests "Breonna Taylor protests") [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [changes made](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests") [name changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests") [removal of monuments and memorials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests "List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "Reactions to the George Floyd protests") [trial of Derek Chauvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin "Trial of Derek Chauvin") [violence and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests "Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests") [Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") [police violence incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests "List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests") [Buffalo police shoving incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident "Buffalo police shoving incident") [St. Louis gun-toting incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident "St. Louis gun-toting incident") [vehicle-ramming incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests "List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests") [Black Birders Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Birders_Week "Black Birders Week") [Blackout Tuesday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday "Blackout Tuesday") [Capitol Hill Occupied Protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest "Capitol Hill Occupied Protest") [Academic strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_\(academic_protest\) "Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)") [General strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_\(coalition_protest\) "Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)") [Kenosha unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosha_unrest "Kenosha unrest") [shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting "Kenosha unrest shooting") [Athlete strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes "2020 American athlete strikes") [2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot "2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot") [2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest "2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest") [Red House eviction defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_House_eviction_defense "Red House eviction defense") [Orisha Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orisha_Land "Orisha Land") [Daunte Wright protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests "Daunte Wright protests") [2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest "2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest") [vehicle-ramming attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek "Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek") [Tyre Nichols protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests "Tyre Nichols protests") \| \| Locations \| [Protests in New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City "Black Lives Matter protests in New York City") List of George Floyd protests [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests in the United States") [outside the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests outside the United States") [List of Daunte Wright protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests "List of Daunte Wright protests") \| \| [Deaths protested](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States "List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States") \| \| \| \| \| \| 2009–2011 \| [Oscar Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant "Killing of Oscar Grant") [Aiyana Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones "Killing of Aiyana Jones") [James Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson "Murder of James Craig Anderson") [Mark Duggan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan "Killing of Mark Duggan") [Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr. "Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.") [Anthony Lamar Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith "Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith") \| \| 2012–2013 \| [Ramarley Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham "Killing of Ramarley Graham") [Trayvon Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin "Killing of Trayvon Martin") [Rekia Boyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd "Killing of Rekia Boyd") [Jordan Davis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis "Murder of Jordan Davis") [Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams "Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams") [Tyrone West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West "Death of Tyrone West") [Larry Jackson Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr. "Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.") [Jonathan Ferrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell "Killing of Jonathan Ferrell") [Miriam Carey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey "Killing of Miriam Carey") [Renisha McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride "Murder of Renisha McBride") \| \| 2014 \| [Dontre Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton "Killing of Dontre Hamilton") [Eric Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner "Killing of Eric Garner") [Julieka Dhu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu "Death of Ms Dhu") [John Crawford III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III "Killing of John Crawford III") [Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown "Killing of Michael Brown") [Ezell Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford "Killing of Ezell Ford") [Laquan McDonald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald "Murder of Laquan McDonald") [Akai Gurley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley "Killing of Akai Gurley") [Tamir Rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice "Killing of Tamir Rice") [Antonio Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin "Killing of Antonio Martin") [Jerame Reid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid "Killing of Jerame Reid") \| \| 2015 \| [Natasha McKenna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna "Death of Natasha McKenna") [Charley Leundeu Keunang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang "Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang") [Tony Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson "Killing of Tony Robinson") [Anthony Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill "Killing of Anthony Hill") [Meagan Hockaday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday "Killing of Meagan Hockaday") [Eric Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris "Killing of Eric Harris") [Walter Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott "Killing of Walter Scott") [Freddie Gray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray "Killing of Freddie Gray") [William Chapman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman "Killing of William Chapman") [Charleston church shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting "Charleston church shooting") [Jonathan Sanders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders "Death of Jonathan Sanders") [Sandra Bland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland "Death of Sandra Bland") [Samuel DuBose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose "Killing of Samuel DuBose") [Mansur Ball-Bey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey "Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey") [Jeremy McDole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole "Killing of Jeremy McDole") [Corey Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones "Killing of Corey Jones") [Jamar Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark "Killing of Jamar Clark") [Mario Woods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Woods "Mario Woods") \| \| 2016 \| [Greg Gunn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn "Killing of Greg Gunn") [Alton Sterling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling "Killing of Alton Sterling") [Philando Castile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile "Killing of Philando Castile") [Joseph Mann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann "Killing of Joseph Mann") [Adama Traoré](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9 "Death of Adama Traoré") [Abdirahman Abdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi "Death of Abdirahman Abdi") [Paul O'Neal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal "Killing of Paul O'Neal") [Korryn Gaines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines "Killing of Korryn Gaines") [Jamarion Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson "Killing of Jamarion Robinson") [Sylville Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylville_Smith "Sylville Smith") [Elijah Doughty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty "Death of Elijah Doughty") [Terence Crutcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher "Killing of Terence Crutcher") [Keith Lamont Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott "Killing of Keith Lamont Scott") [Alfred Olango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango "Killing of Alfred Olango") [Deborah Danner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner "Killing of Deborah Danner") \| \| 2017 \| [Jocques Clemmons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons "Killing of Jocques Clemmons") [Jordan Edwards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards "Murder of Jordan Edwards") [Edson Da Costa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa "Death of Edson Da Costa") [Rashan Charles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles "Death of Rashan Charles") [Patrick Harmon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon "Killing of Patrick Harmon") \| \| 2018 \| [Anthony Weber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber "Killing of Anthony Weber") [Stephon Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark "Killing of Stephon Clark") [Marcus-David Peters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters "Killing of Marcus-David Peters") [Antwon Rose Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr. "Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.") [Markeis McGlockton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton "Killing of Markeis McGlockton") [Daniel Hambrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick "Killing of Daniel Hambrick") [Botham Jean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean "Murder of Botham Jean") [Tamla Horsford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford "Death of Tamla Horsford") [Jemel Roberson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson "Killing of Jemel Roberson") [EJ Bradford Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr. "Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.") \| \| 2019 \| [George Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson "Killing of George Robinson") [Willie McCoy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy "Killing of Willie McCoy") [Danquirs Franklin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin "Killing of Danquirs Franklin") [Javier Ambler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler "Killing of Javier Ambler") [Lassana Cisse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse "Murder of Lassana Cisse") [Ronald Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene "Killing of Ronald Greene") [Pamela Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner "Killing of Pamela Turner") [Layleen Polanco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco "Death of Layleen Polanco") [Shukri Abdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi "Death of Shukri Abdi") [Christopher Kapessa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa "Death of Christopher Kapessa") [Elijah McClain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain "Killing of Elijah McClain") [Atatiana Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson "Killing of Atatiana Jefferson") \| \| 2020 \| [Alvin Cole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole "Killing of Alvin Cole") [Ahmaud Arbery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery") [Manuel Ellis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis "Killing of Manuel Ellis") [Breonna Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor "Killing of Breonna Taylor") [Daniel Prude](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude "Killing of Daniel Prude") [Belly Mujinga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Belly_Mujinga "Death of Belly Mujinga") [Nina Pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop "Killing of Nina Pop") [George Floyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd "Murder of George Floyd") [Dion Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson "Killing of Dion Johnson") [Tony McDade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade "Killing of Tony McDade") [Regis Korchinski-Paquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet "Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet") [James Scurlock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock "Killing of James Scurlock") [David McAtee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee "Killing of David McAtee") [Oluwatoyin Salau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims "Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims") [Carlos Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson "Killing of Carlos Carson") [Rayshard Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks "Killing of Rayshard Brooks") [Julian Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis "Killing of Julian Lewis") [Dijon Kizzee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee "Killing of Dijon Kizzee") [Marcellis Stinnette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette "Killing of Marcellis Stinnette") [Chaniece Wallace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace "Death of Chaniece Wallace") [Walter Wallace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace "Killing of Walter Wallace") [João Alberto Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jo%C3%A3o_Alberto_Silveira_Freitas "Killing of João Alberto Silveira Freitas") [Andre Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill "Murder of Andre Hill") [Dolal Idd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd "Killing of Dolal Idd") \| \| 2021 \| [Marvin Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott "Death of Marvin Scott") [Adam Toledo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo "Killing of Adam Toledo") [Daunte Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright "Killing of Daunte Wright") [Lindani Myeni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni "Killing of Lindani Myeni") [Ma'Khia Bryant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant "Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant") [Andrew Brown Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr. "Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.") [Winston Boogie Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith "Killing of Winston Boogie Smith") [Leneal Frazier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier "Killing of Leneal Frazier") \| \| 2022 \| [Amir Locke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke "Killing of Amir Locke") [Patrick Lyoya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya "Killing of Patrick Lyoya") [Jayland Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker "Killing of Jayland Walker") [Donovan Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis "Killing of Donovan Lewis") \| \| 2023 \| [Keenan Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson "Death of Keenan Anderson") [Tyre Nichols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols "Killing of Tyre Nichols") [Irvo Otieno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno "Killing of Irvo Otieno") [Jordan Neely](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely "Killing of Jordan Neely") [Ricky Cobb II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II "Killing of Ricky Cobb II") [Johnny Hollman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman "Killing of Johnny Hollman") [Ta'Kiya Young](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young "Killing of Ta'Kiya Young") [Leonard Cure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure "Killing of Leonard Cure") \| \| 2024 \| [Dexter Reed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed "Killing of Dexter Reed") [Roger Fortson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson "Killing of Roger Fortson") [Sonya Massey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Sonya_Massey "Murder of Sonya Massey") [Robert Brooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Robert_Brooks "Killing of Robert Brooks") \| \| 2025 \| [Messiah Nantwi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Messiah_Nantwi "Killing of Messiah Nantwi") \| \| Other cases protested \| [Kalief Browder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalief_Browder "Kalief Browder") [2015 Texas pool party incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident "2015 Texas pool party incident") [Charles Kinsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey "Shooting of Charles Kinsey") [Jacob Blake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake "Shooting of Jacob Blake") [Ralph Yarl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl "Shooting of Ralph Yarl") [Rankin County torture incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident "Rankin County torture incident") \| \| [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture "Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art "Black Lives Matter art") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Street murals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals "List of Black Lives Matter street murals") \| [Cincinnati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Cincinnati\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)") [Indianapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Indianapolis\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)") [Portland, Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Portland,_Oregon\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)") [Salt Lake City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Salt_Lake_City\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)") [Santa Cruz, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Santa_Cruz,_California\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)") Seattle [Capitol Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)") [City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Seattle_City_Hall\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)") [Springfield, Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_\(Springfield,_Massachusetts\) "Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)") \| \| Books \| [All American Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_American_Boys "All American Boys") [Black Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Software "Black Software") [Blackout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackout_\(young_adult_novel\) "Blackout (young adult novel)") [Brit(ish)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit\(ish\) "Brit(ish)") [Dear Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Martin "Dear Martin") [The Hate U Give](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give "The Hate U Give") [His Name Is George Floyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd "His Name Is George Floyd") [I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street "I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street") [Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin "Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin") [Why We Kneel, How We Rise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_We_Kneel,_How_We_Rise "Why We Kneel, How We Rise") \| \| Film \| [16 Shots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Shots "16 Shots") [3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets "3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets") [American Son](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Son_\(2019_film\) "American Son (2019 film)") [Baltimore Rising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Rising "Baltimore Rising") [Bars4Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bars4Justice "Bars4Justice") [The Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Force_\(2017_film\) "The Force (2017 film)") [Fruitvale Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitvale_Station "Fruitvale Station") [Generation Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Revolution "Generation Revolution") [The Hate U Give](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_\(film\) "The Hate U Give (film)") [Night Call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Call_\(film\) "Night Call (film)") [Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story "Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story") [Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement "Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement") [Stranger Fruit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_\(film\) "Stranger Fruit (film)") [Two Distant Strangers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers "Two Distant Strangers") [Whose Streets?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F "Whose Streets?") \| \| Music \| "[Alright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alright_\(Kendrick_Lamar_song\) "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)")" "[Angel Down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Down_\(song\) "Angel Down (song)")" "[The Bigger Picture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_\(song\) "The Bigger Picture (song)")" "[Black Parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Parade_\(song\) "Black Parade (song)")" "[Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate "Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate")" "[Chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chains_\(Usher_song\) "Chains (Usher song)")" "[Cop vs. Phone Girl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl "Cop vs. Phone Girl")" "[Don't Shoot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_\(The_Game_song\) "Don't Shoot (The Game song)")" "[Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_\(song\) "Formation (song)")" "[Freedom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_\(Beyonc%C3%A9_song\) "Freedom (Beyoncé song)")" "[Hell You Talmbout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout "Hell You Talmbout")" "[I Can't Breathe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_\(H.E.R._song\) "I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)")" "[I Cry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Cry_\(Usher_song\) "I Cry (Usher song)")" "[Lavender (Nightfall Remix)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender_\(Nightfall_Remix\) "Lavender (Nightfall Remix)")" "[Loyal Like Sid & Nancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy "Loyal Like Sid & Nancy")" "[Otherside of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otherside_of_America "Otherside of America")" "[Riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_\(XXXTentacion_song\) "Riot (XXXTentacion song)")" "[Rockstar (BLM Remix)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockstar_\(DaBaby_song\) "Rockstar (DaBaby song)")" [The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed "The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed") "[Snow on tha Bluff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_\(song\) "Snow on tha Bluff (song)")" "[This Is America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_America_\(song\) "This Is America (song)")" "[What They'll Say About Us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us "What They'll Say About Us")" "[White Privilege II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Privilege_II "White Privilege II")" \| \| Other \| [Colin in Black & White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White "Colin in Black & White") [8:46](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8:46_\(special\) "8:46 (special)") "[Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town "Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town")" [Our Lady of Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson "Our Lady of Ferguson") [Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge "Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge") [Time: The Kalief Browder Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time:_The_Kalief_Browder_Story "Time: The Kalief Browder Story") [Woke (TV series)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke_\(TV_series\) "Woke (TV series)") \| \| Activist groups \| [8 to Abolition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_to_Abolition "8 to Abolition") [Assata's Daughters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters "Assata's Daughters") [BAMN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMN "BAMN") [Bird Names for Birds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_Names_for_Birds "Bird Names for Birds") [Black Feminist Future](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future "Black Feminist Future") [Black Justice League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Justice_League "Black Justice League") [Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation "Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation") [Black Visions Collective](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective "Black Visions Collective") [BlackinChem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackinChem "BlackinChem") [Black In Neuro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_In_Neuro "Black In Neuro") [BYP100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYP100 "BYP100") [Campaign Zero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_Zero "Campaign Zero") [Don't Shoot Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland "Don't Shoot Portland") [Hands Up United](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_Up_United "Hands Up United") [Millennial Activists United](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United "Millennial Activists United") [Moms United for Black Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moms_United_for_Black_Lives "Moms United for Black Lives") [Mothers of Gynecology Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement "Mothers of Gynecology Movement") [Mothers of the Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement "Mothers of the Movement") [Movement for Black Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives "Movement for Black Lives") [Peoples Power Assemblies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies "Peoples Power Assemblies") [Project South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_South_\(organization\) "Project South (organization)") [\#SayHerName](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SayHerName "SayHerName") [Stop Cop City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Cop_City "Stop Cop City") [Street Riders NYC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC "Street Riders NYC") [Taking the Initiative Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party "Taking the Initiative Party") [Wall of Moms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_of_Moms "Wall of Moms") [White Coats for Black Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives "White Coats for Black Lives") \| \| Proposed legislation \| [BREATHE Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BREATHE_Act "BREATHE Act") [Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm "Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm") [Ending Qualified Immunity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act "Ending Qualified Immunity Act") [George Floyd Justice in Policing Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act "George Floyd Justice in Policing Act") [George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act "George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act") [Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFE-T_Act "SAFE-T Act") [List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests") \| \| Groups associated with opposition \| [All Lives Matter]() [Alt-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right "Alt-right") [Black Guns Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter "Black Guns Matter") [Blue Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter "Blue Lives Matter") [Oath Keepers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Keepers "Oath Keepers") [Patriot Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Front "Patriot Front") [Patriotic Alternative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative "Patriotic Alternative") [Proud Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys "Proud Boys") [Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [United Citizens' Alarm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm "United Citizens' Alarm") [White Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lives_Matter "White Lives Matter") \| \| Related \| [2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States") [2020–2023 United States racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest "2020–2023 United States racial unrest") [list of incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest "List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest") [ACAB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAB "ACAB") [Black Lives Matter Memorial Fence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Memorial_Fence "Black Lives Matter Memorial Fence") [Black Lives Matter Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza "Black Lives Matter Plaza") [Black maternal mortality in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States "Black maternal mortality in the United States") [Criminal stereotype of African Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans "Criminal stereotype of African Americans") [Defund the police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defund_the_police "Defund the police") [Driving while black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_while_black "Driving while black") [Running while Black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_while_Black "Running while Black") [shopping while black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_while_black "Shopping while black") [Ferguson effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_effect "Ferguson effect") [George Floyd Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_Square "George Floyd Square") [Hands up, don't shoot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot "Hands up, don't shoot") [I can't breathe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe "I can't breathe") [National anthem protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests "U.S. national anthem kneeling protests") [Native Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter "Police brutality against Native Americans") [No justice, no peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace "No justice, no peace") [Oklahoma House Bill 1674](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_House_Bill_1674_\(2021\) "Oklahoma House Bill 1674 (2021)") [Police abolition movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_abolition_movement "Police abolition movement") [2021 Minneapolis Question 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2 "2021 Minneapolis Question 2") [Police accountability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_accountability "Police accountability") [blue wall of silence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence "Blue wall of silence") [gypsy cops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsy_cop "Gypsy cop") [police perjury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_perjury "Police perjury") [qualified immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualified_immunity "Qualified immunity") [Police brutality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States "Police brutality in the United States") [militarization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century "Militarization of police") [pain compliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_compliance "Pain compliance") [use of deadly force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States "Police use of deadly force in the United States") [use of torture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States "Use of torture by police in the United States") [Police misconduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_misconduct "Police misconduct") [false arrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_arrest#United_States "False arrest") [racial profiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States "Racial profiling in the United States") [ticket quota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_quota "Ticket quota") [Racial bias in criminal news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States "Racial bias in criminal news in the United States") [Rest in power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest_in_power "Rest in power") [Russia and Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter "Russia and Black Lives Matter") [Save the Boards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_the_Boards "Save the Boards") [Taking the knee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking_the_knee "Taking the knee") [Terry stop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_stop "Terry stop") [The talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_talk_\(racism_in_the_United_States\) "The talk (racism in the United States)") [Woke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke "Woke") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter "Category:Black Lives Matter") \| \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Lives_Matter&oldid=1324183272>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [2010s controversies in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_controversies_in_the_United_States "Category:2010s controversies in the United States") - [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter "Category:Black Lives Matter") - [Hashtags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hashtags "Category:Hashtags") - [African-American-related controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:African-American-related_controversies "Category:African-American-related controversies") - [Race-related controversies in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Race-related_controversies_in_the_United_States "Category:Race-related controversies in the United States") - [Mass media-related controversies in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_media-related_controversies_in_the_United_States "Category:Mass media-related controversies in the United States") - [Law enforcement controversies in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_controversies_in_the_United_States "Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States") - [Controversies of the 2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Controversies_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "Category:Controversies of the 2016 United States presidential election") - [Race and crime in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Race_and_crime_in_the_United_States "Category:Race and crime in the United States") - [2010s in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_in_the_United_States "Category:2010s in the United States") - [Slogans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Slogans "Category:Slogans") - [American political catchphrases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_political_catchphrases "Category:American political catchphrases") - [2014 quotations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2014_quotations "Category:2014 quotations") - [2014 neologisms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2014_neologisms "Category:2014 neologisms") Hidden categories: - [Articles with short description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description") - [Short description is different from 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Readable Markdown	[![Page semi-protected](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi "This article is semi-protected.") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Defending_Portland_%2834939466302%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Defending_Portland_\(34939466302\)_\(cropped\).jpg) "All Lives Matter" sign at a rally in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2017 All Lives Matter is a slogan that emerged as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") (BLM) movement,[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-4) initially popularized on social media following the police killings of [Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown "Killing of Michael Brown") and [Eric Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner "Killing of Eric Garner") in 2014. The phrase has been widely criticized as denying that [police violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality "Police brutality") and discrimination disproportionately affect [Black Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), or that it misinterprets "Black Lives Matter" as not a recognition of that disproportionate treatment but as meaning other lives mean less. The slogan received increased attention when used by several high-profile Republican politicians during the 2016 US presidential election, as well as some Democrats who were criticized for it. History The All Lives Matter movement was created as a negative response to the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") movement.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) The use of the All Lives Matter slogan on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter") following the killings of [Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown "Shooting of Michael Brown") and [Eric Garner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner "Killing of Eric Garner") began in 2014 and was used to deny recognition of [racial violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_violence "Racial violence") against [African Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans"), and spread as a [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism "Conservatism") rejection of the Black Live Matter movement's acknowledgement of [police brutality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_brutality "Police brutality") and [ethnic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_violence "Ethnic violence").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-edgar-1)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-7) Some supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement adopted the All Lives Matter slogan to shift debate away from semantics, while others avoided the term entirely.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:3-8) The All Lives Matter slogan gained prominence in national American politics during the [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) In June 2015, Democratic presidential candidate [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") faced backlash after using the phrase "all lives matter" at an African-American church in [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri") during her presidential campaign.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-9) [Martin O'Malley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley "Martin O'Malley"), another 2016 [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") presidential candidate, was booed when he said: "[White lives matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lives_Matter "White Lives Matter"). All lives matter."[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-11) Several [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") candidates supported the All Lives Matter movement in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump said "All lives matter" at one of his rallies,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-12) and claimed that "Black Lives Matter" is a divisive and racist term.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-13) United States Republican [Senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") [Tim Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Scott "Tim Scott") has used the term when calling for racial equality and unity.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-14) [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"), former [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") under [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), is a proponent of All Lives Matter,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-15) as is Senator [Rand Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rand_Paul "Rand Paul"), who has claimed that Black Lives Matter "focused on the wrong targets". Paul stated that "I think they should change their name maybe—if they were All Lives Matter, or Innocent Lives Matter."[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:4-16) Other Republican supporters include [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence")[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-17) and [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-18) On February 24, 2016, [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), CEO of [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten "Black Lives Matter" phrases on the company walls and had written "All Lives Matter" in their place. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but "malicious as well".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-npr_zuckerberg-19) According to Zuckerberg's memo, "Black Lives Matter doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve." The memo also said that the act of crossing something out in itself, "means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-shaunking-zuckerberg-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-guynn-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-benjaminsnyder-22) In July 2016, American football player [Richard Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sherman_\(American_football\) "Richard Sherman (American football)") supported the All Lives Matter message, saying "I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings." He wanted African Americans to be "treated like human beings" and did not want innocent police officers being killed.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-23)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-24) On October 2, 2016, a fan at a [Chicago Bears](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears "Chicago Bears") [NFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") game ran onto the field during a television timeout during the 4th quarter dressed in a gorilla costume, wearing a shirt that read "All Lives Matter" on the front.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-25) At a performance during the [2016 MLB All-Star Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_MLB_All-Star_Game "2016 MLB All-Star Game") in July 2016, Remigio Pereira, a member of [The Tenors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenors "The Tenors"), held up an "All Lives Matter" sign and altered some lyrics to the anthem "[O Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Canada "O Canada")".[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Pereira sang, "We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great," instead of the lines, "With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free."[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Even after criticism (and later removal from the group), he defended his statement, tweeting "I speak for the human race and the lives of all sentient beings. Love, peace, and harmony for ALL has always been my life's purpose."[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-canada-26) Activists from Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter made news in July 2016 when they embraced during a run-in in [Dallas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas "Dallas"), stating: "We're all brothers and sisters."[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-27) American [rapper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper "Rapper") [XXXTentacion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXTentacion "XXXTentacion") came under criticism in September 2017 when he supported the movement in the music video for his hit song "[Look at Me\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_at_Me_\(XXXTentacion_song\) "Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)")". The video depicted him – a black male – hanging a white child. After criticism, he said the goal of it was to show that "\[Y\]ou can't justify the fact that I murdered a child. ... I'm trying to show that murder is murder," in similar fashion to his song "[Riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_\(XXXTentacion_song\) "Riot (XXXTentacion song)")", which criticized many rioters associated with the [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter "Black Lives Matter") movement.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-28) On June 11, 2020, Australian senator and [One Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation "Pauline Hanson's One Nation") leader [Pauline Hanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Hanson "Pauline Hanson") put forward a bid to pass an "all lives matter" motion, but lost the vote by 51 to 2.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-30) In July 2020, [Cisco Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems "Cisco Systems") fired "a handful" of employees for comments made during a mandatory company meeting which featured [Darren Walker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Walker "Darren Walker") and [Bryan Stevenson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Stevenson "Bryan Stevenson") speaking about diversity. Some of the comments defended the phrase "All Lives Matter".[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-31) On September 11, 2020, the phrase "All Buildings Matter" became a trending topic on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"). The phrase was popularized by comedian [Michael Che](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Che "Michael Che") as a parody of "All Lives Matter", in reference to the [September 11th attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-33) Motivation and beliefs The motivations of the All Lives Matter movement are disputed and may vary between individuals. According to a study published in the [British Journal Of Social Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology "British Journal of Social Psychology"), measures of racial prejudice and racist sentiments against [Black people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people "Black people") are correlated with support for All Lives Matter. This racism may be explicitly acknowledged, or it may be implicit racism that is not apparent to those expressing it. Some advocates of All Lives Matter instead support [racial color blindness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_color_blindness "Racial color blindness") as a means to equality, favoring terms they argue are more inclusive like All Lives Matter over those that emphasize a particular demographic.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) Support for the All Lives Matter movement is also correlated with stricter definitions of discrimination; individuals that believe discrimination must be intentional are more likely to support All Lives Matter. Support for Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter have not been shown to be mutually exclusive, and some individuals may support or oppose both movements.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:1-5) Criticisms [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg/250px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_\(31797745824\).jpg) "What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?", a sign at a [protest against Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") \| External image \| \|---\| \| [![image icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/20px-Searchtool.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Searchtool.svg) ["All Houses Matter"](https://chainsawsuit.krisstraub.com/20160707.shtml), Chainsawsuit, [Kris Straub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Straub "Kris Straub"), July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see "All Lives Matter" as problematic.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) \| According to professor of [critical race theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_race_theory "Critical race theory"), [David Theo Goldberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Theo_Goldberg "David Theo Goldberg"), "All Lives Matter" reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial".[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-35) Philosopher Chris Lebron describes "All Lives Matter" as a "disingenuous retort" that misunderstands the problem raised by Black Lives Matter proponents.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:2-36) On [Real Time with Bill Maher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher "Real Time with Bill Maher"), [Bill Maher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Maher "Bill Maher") expressed support for use of the "Black Lives Matter" phrase, stating that "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not".[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-37) Founders of the Black Lives Matter movement have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, "\#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within [white supremacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy "White supremacy"), are important to your liberation."[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) Black Lives Matter movement co-founder [Alicia Garza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia_Garza "Alicia Garza") argues that "all lives matter" rhetoric has negative effects for racial justice: "When we deploy 'All Lives Matter' as to correct an intervention specifically created to address anti-blackness, we lose the ways in which the state apparatus has built a program of genocide and repression mostly on the backs of Black people—beginning with the theft of millions of people for free labor—and then adapted it to control, murder, and profit off of other communities of color and immigrant communities. . . When you drop 'Black' from the equation of whose lives matter, and then fail to acknowledge it came from somewhere, you further a legacy of erasing Black lives and Black contributions from our movement legacy."[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-:0-38) In a video interview with [Laura Flanders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Flanders "Laura Flanders"), Garza said that "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand [structural racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_racism "Societal racism") in this country".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-TruthOut-39) President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-CBS-40) Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African-American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-tactics-41) In July 2016, [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today") concluded from the thoughts of [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University") sociology professor Carla Shedd, that the phrase All Lives Matter could "be interpreted as racist". It also cited professor [Joe Feagin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Feagin "Joe Feagin"), who said that [white people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people "White people") use the phrase "All Lives Matter" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as "already about liberty and justice for all." USA Today reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag \#AllLivesMatter, including [Jennifer Lopez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez "Jennifer Lopez") and [Fetty Wap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetty_Wap "Fetty Wap"), had deleted the tweets and apologized. Wap stated that he did not fully understand the hashtag.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-42) It also mentioned cartoonist [Kris Straub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Straub "Kris Straub"), who tweeted a cartoon titled "All Houses Matter", showing a house fire, to illustrate what he saw as the problem with the term.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-34) Andrew D. Chapman, a philosopher at the [University of Colorado Boulder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder "University of Colorado Boulder"), has provided a criticism of "All Lives Matter" from the perspective of [philosophy of language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language "Philosophy of language"). According to Chapman, while both "Black Lives Matter" and "All Lives Matter" are true (and, in fact, the latter entails the former), the focus by proponents of the slogan "All Lives Matter" on mere truth or falsity of the slogan is either deceptively narrow or disingenuous. Linguistic meaning has a substantial [pragmatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics "Pragmatics") component, and the context of usage of a word or phrase cannot be ignored. Chapman concludes that, "all lives matter is being said as a challenge to the claim that black lives matter, as a way of pushing back against and drowning out the voices of those saying that black lives matter, as a way of...forcing listeners to choose whether it is all lives that matter or merely black lives (which, of course, is not what 'Black Lives Matter' means)."[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_note-43) See also - [Blue Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter "Blue Lives Matter") - [Reverse racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_racism "Reverse racism") References 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-edgar_1-1) Edgar, Amanda; Johnson, Andre (2018). The struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter. [Lexington Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield "Rowman & Littlefield"). pp. xxi–xxii. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-4985-7206-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7206-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7206-4") . 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-2)* Lopez, German (July 11, 2016). ["Why you should stop saying "all lives matter," explained in 9 different ways"](https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter). [Vox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_\(website\) "Vox (website)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190926015514/https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter) from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-3) Townes, Carimah (October 22, 2015). ["Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'"](https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/). [ThinkProgress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThinkProgress "ThinkProgress"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192459/https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-4) Yancy, George; Butler, Judith (January 13, 2015). ["What's Wrong With 'All Lives Matter'?"](https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/12/whats-wrong-with-all-lives-matter/). Opinionator. 5. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:1_5-3) West, Keon; Greenland, Katy; Laar, Colette (October 2021). ["Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/675841). [British Journal of Social Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology "British Journal of Social Psychology"). 60* (4): 1136–1153\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/bjso.12458](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbjso.12458). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [33977556](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977556). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [234474038](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234474038). 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-6) Gallagher, Ryan J.; Reagan, Andrew J.; Danforth, Christopher M.; Dodds, Peter Sheridan (April 18, 2018). ["Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: \#BlackLivesMatter and \#AllLivesMatter"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906010). PLOS ONE. 13 (4) e0195644. [arXiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_\(identifier\) "ArXiv (identifier)"):[1606\.06820](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06820). [Bibcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_\(identifier\) "Bibcode (identifier)"):[2018PLoSO..1395644G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PLoSO..1395644G). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1371/journal.pone.0195644](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0195644). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1932-6203](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [5906010](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906010). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [29668754](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668754). 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-7) Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Stack, Trevor; Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2019). "Antiracism movements and the US civil sphere". [Breaching the Civil Order: Radicalism and the Civil Sphere](https://books.google.com/books?id=r_e3DwAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–91\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-108-42723-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42723-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42723-4") – via Google Books. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:3_8-0) Carney, Nikita (May 2016). "All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media". Humanity & Society. 40 (2): 180–199\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1177/0160597616643868](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0160597616643868). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [147003489](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147003489). 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-9) Rappeport, Alan (June 24, 2015). ["Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash"](https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/06/24/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash/). [First Draft News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_News "First Draft News"). 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-10) Wagner, John (July 18, 2015). ["O'Malley booed as he points out: 'White lives matter. All lives matter.'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201205072418/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders/2015/07/18/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html). [Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post"). Archived from [the original](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/activists-disrupt-forum-featuring-candidates-omalley-sanders/2015/07/18/ca64eb34-2d60-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html) on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-11) Hensch, Mark (July 18, 2015). ["'Black Lives Matter' protesters halt Sanders, O'Malley events"](https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event). [The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201128083547/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/248430-black-lives-matter-protesters-halt-omalley-event) from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-12) Swan, Jonathan (February 29, 2016). ["Trump to protesters: All lives matter"](https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter). [The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132634/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/271159-trump-to-protesters-all-lives-matter) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-13) Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). ["Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html). [Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180402224250/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html) from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2016. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-14) Scott, Eugene (September 3, 2015). ["Tim Scott defends use of "all lives matter""](http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190512142400/https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/) from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-15) Sherfinski, David (October 15, 2015). ["Ben Carson: 'Of course all lives matter — and all lives includes black lives'"](https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/). [The Washington Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times "The Washington Times"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191122130206/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/) from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2016. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:4_16-0) Marino, Gordon (September 2, 2015). ["All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter"](https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter). [Commonweal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonweal_\(magazine\) "Commonweal (magazine)"). 15. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192508/https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-17) Quinn, Melissa (June 6, 2020). ["Pence on Black Lives Matter: "I really believe all lives matter""](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132631/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pence-black-lives-matter-race-face-the-nation/) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-18) Lim, Naomi (July 11, 2016). ["Rudy Giuliani: Black Lives Matter 'inherently racist'"](https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist/index.html). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132639/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/rudy-giuliani-black-lives-matter-inherently-racist/index.html) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-npr_zuckerberg_19-0) Selyukh, Alina (February 26, 2016). ["Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'"](https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter). [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160617154910/http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter) from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-shaunking-zuckerberg_20-0) King, Shaun (February 25, 2016). ["Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190202025559/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985). New York. [New York Daily News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News "New York Daily News"). Archived from [the original](http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985) on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2016. 21. 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[New York Daily News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News "New York Daily News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190401204042/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272) from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2016. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-25) ["Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game"](https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game). [Chicago Sun-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times "Chicago Sun-Times"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154109/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game) from the original on June 12, 2020. 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["WATCH: "We're all brothers and sisters": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas"](https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/). [Salon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon.com "Salon.com"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154036/https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/) from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2016. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-28) A, Aron (September 14, 2017). ["XXXTENTACION Says "Look at Me" Video Is "All Lives Matter""](https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html). HotNewHipHop. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064646/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html) from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2020. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-29) Young, Evan (June 12, 2020). ["Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate"](https://www.sbs.com.au/news/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2). [SBS World News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_World_News "SBS World News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132635/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/pauline-hanson-s-all-lives-matter-motion-overwhelmingly-defeated-in-the-senate/0419248e-972f-44aa-8628-e8b92a2dc6c2) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-30) Hurst, Daniel (June 11, 2020). ["Senators unite to block Pauline Hanson's 'all lives matter' motion"](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/11/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion). [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211218132638/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/11/senators-unite-to-block-pauline-hansons-all-lives-matter-motion) from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-31) Grant, Nico; King, Ian (July 17, 2020). ["Cisco fires workers for racial comments during diversity forum"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-17/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum). [Bloomberg News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200728044354/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-17/cisco-fires-workers-for-racial-comments-during-diversity-forum) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-32) Seren Morris (September 11, 2020). ["Why "All Buildings Matter" is trending on 9/11 anniversary"](https://www.newsweek.com/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278). Newsweek.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200911191111/https://www.newsweek.com/why-all-buildings-matter-trending-9-11-anniversary-1531278) from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-33) Farrell, Paul (September 11, 2020). ["'All Buildings Matter' Becomes Top Twitter Trend on 9/11 Anniversary"](https://heavy.com/news/2020/09/all-buildings-matter/). [Heavy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_\(website\) "Heavy (website)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210119124845/https://heavy.com/news/2020/09/all-buildings-matter/) from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 34. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-USAToday2016-07-13_34-1) May, Ashley (July 13, 2016). ["\#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/). [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161207182644/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/) from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2025. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-35)* [Goldberg, David Theo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Theo_Goldberg "David Theo Goldberg") (September 25, 2015). ["Why 'Black Lives Matter' Because All Lives Don't Matter in America"](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424). [HuffPost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost "HuffPost"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200531114617/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-black-lives-matter_b_8191424) from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2015. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:2_36-0) Lebron, Christopher J. (September 11, 2018). The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-19-091075-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091075-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091075-4") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [1059579720](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1059579720). 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-37) [Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310095444/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk). YouTube. August 22, 2015. Archived from [the original](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk) on March 10, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015. 38. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-:0_38-1) Garza, Alicia (October 7, 2014). ["A Herstory of the \#BlackLivesMatter Movement"](https://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/). The Feminist Wire. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151002002856/http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/) from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. 39. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-TruthOut_39-0)* [Flanders, Laura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Flanders "Laura Flanders") (March 24, 2015). ["Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of \#BlackLivesMatter"](https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/). Truthout. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200524021736/https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/) from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 40. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-CBS_40-0) ["President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). CBS/AP. October 23, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151023114806/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/) from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 41. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-tactics_41-0) Tucker, Bryan; Hegg, Stephen. ["Tactics of Black Lives Matter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024356/https://www.kcts9.org/programs/in-close/tactics-black-lives-matter). [KCTS-TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCTS-TV "KCTS-TV"). Archived from [the original](https://www.pbs.org/video/in-close-tactics-black-lives-matter/) on November 2, 2015. 42. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-42) Victor, Daniel (July 15, 2016). ["Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html). [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times"). 43. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Lives_Matter#cite_ref-43) ["The Pragmatics of Saying "All Lives Matter": A Critique"](https://againstprofphil.org/2020/06/26/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique/). Againstprofphil.org. June 26, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201219151531/https://againstprofphil.org/2020/06/26/the-pragmatics-of-saying-all-lives-matter-a-critique/) from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021. Further reading - Atkins, Ashley (January 2, 2019). ["Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [Social Epistemology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Epistemology_\(journal\) "Social Epistemology (journal)"). 33 (1): 1–22\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1080/02691728.2018.1483879](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02691728.2018.1483879). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [149718854](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149718854). - Agozino, Biko (April 2018). "Black Lives Matter Otherwise All Lives Do Not Matter". African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 11 (1): 1–11\. [Gale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_\(publisher\) "Gale (publisher)") [676106490](https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7C676106490) [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [2046674973](https://www.proquest.com/docview/2046674973). - Kil, Sang Hea (February 1, 2020). "Reporting From the Whites of Their Eyes: How Whiteness as Neoliberalism Promotes Racism in the News Coverage of "All Lives Matter"". [Communication Theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Theory_\(journal\) "Communication Theory (journal)"). 30 (1): 21–40\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/ct/qtz019](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fct%2Fqtz019). - Tawa, John; Ma, Ruqian; Katsumoto, Shinji (June 2016). "'All Lives Matter': The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks". Race and Social Problems. 8 (2): 196–208\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s12552-016-9171-z](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12552-016-9171-z). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [255613498](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255613498). - Keiser, Jessica (December 2021). ["The 'All Lives Matter' response: QUD-shifting as epistemic injustice"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [Synthese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthese "Synthese"). 199 (3–4\): 8465–8483\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1007/s11229-021-03171-y](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-021-03171-y). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [235556011](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235556011).
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