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| Boilerpipe Text | A 2024 poll by
Ipsos
indicated increased concern about Trump's age and fitness for office between 2023 and 2024.
[
1
]
Trump in March 2026
At 79 years old,
Donald Trump
, the 45th and 47th
president of the United States
, became the oldest person in American history to become president upon
his second inauguration
in 2025. In July 2024, five weeks after his 78th birthday, he became the oldest presidential nominee of a major party.
[
2
]
[
3
]
Should he serve as president until at least August 15, 2028, he would be the oldest sitting president in American history. On January 20, 2029, the end of his second term, he would be 82 years, seven months, and six days old.
[
2
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
Since the early days of
Trump's 2016 presidential campaign
, his physical and mental health have been debated. Trump was 70 years old when he first took office, surpassing
Ronald Reagan
as the
oldest person to assume the presidency
.
[
7
]
Trump's age, weight, lifestyle, and history of
heart disease
raised questions about his physical health.
[
2
]
Some
psychiatrists
and reporters have speculated that Trump may have
mental health
impairments, such as
dementia
(which
his father
had) or
narcissistic personality disorder
.
[
8
]
[
9
]
Such claims have prompted discussion about the ethics and applicability of the
Goldwater rule
, which prohibits mental health professionals from publicly diagnosing or discussing the diagnosis of public figures without their consent and direct examination.
[
10
]
Public opinion polling from July 2024 indicated an increase in the percentage of Americans concerned about his fitness for a second term.
[
1
]
[
11
]
Trump's 2024 presidential campaign
refused to release basic medical records on Trump's health for a significant period, with the most recent release being in 2015.
[
4
]
[
12
]
[
2
]
[
13
]
[
14
]
[
15
]
A number of official reports have since been made, concluding that Trump was in "excellent health" and "fully fit" to serve as president.
[
16
]
Overall concerns have nonetheless continued to abound throughout his second presidency, with both Trump insiders and outside critics directly discussing supposed health risks and their future impacts,
[
17
]
up to and including a
presidential succession
by Vice President
JD Vance
.
[
18
]
[
19
]
Background and lifestyle
Coverage of Trump's mental acuity has generated discussion of whether the media has been "
sanewashing
" Trump by selecting more coherent clips or quotes from his speeches that give a false impression of mental acuity without balancing that coverage by also focusing on the parts of his speeches that might raise concerns about his mental fitness to be president.
[
20
]
[
21
]
[
22
]
[
23
]
As of 2018
, Trump does
not drink alcohol
;
[
24
]
this decision arose in part from watching his older brother
Fred Jr.
suffer from alcoholism that contributed to his early death in 1981.
[
25
]
[
26
]
He also said that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed drugs, including
marijuana
.
[
27
]
Trump, in his personal life, subscribes to the fringe and pseudoscientific view of
battery theory
, positing that a human is born with only a finite amount of energy, which is depleted by physical activity.
[
28
]
Trump therefore avoids most types of exercise
apart from golf
in the belief that this would cause him to die sooner.
[
29
]
[
30
]
The concept has been widely debunked by mainstream medical science.
[
31
]
[
32
]
[
33
]
2016 presidential campaign (2015–2016)
In December 2015, Trump's personal physician,
Harold Bornstein
, released a letter praising Trump for "extraordinary physical strength and stamina". The letter asserted that Trump would be "the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency" and said that a recent medical exam yielded "only positive results".
[
34
]
Before Bornstein's death in 2021, he told CNN that Trump had dictated the entire letter.
[
2
]
[
35
]
The language used was in Trump's style and not typical of a medical doctor; in particular, the American journalist
Kurt Eichenwald
noted that
positive test
results do not necessarily mean a favorable outcome for the patient.
[
36
]
A follow-up medical report by Bornstein claimed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid functions were within the normal range, and that he takes a
statin
. At 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and 236 pounds (107 kg), Trump's
body mass index
of 29.5 registered on the higher end of
overweight
BMIs.
[
37
]
[
38
]
[
39
]
During the
2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
, presidential candidate and primary opponent
Jeb Bush
speculated in February 2016 that Trump had mental health issues, stating, "I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but the guy needs therapy."
[
40
]
[
41
]
First presidency and 2020 presidential campaign (2017–2020)
2017
The "
Duty to Warn
" movement was founded by medical professionals concerned about Trump's cognitive health in his first year in office.
[
42
]
In 2016 and 2017, a number of psychiatrists and
clinical psychologists
faced criticism for violating the
Goldwater rule
; despite having never examined him, they maintained that Donald Trump displayed "an assortment of
personality problems
, including
grandiosity
, a lack of
empathy
, and '
malignant narcissism
'", and that he had a "dangerous mental illness".
[
43
]
[
44
]
[
45
]
In 2017, psychologist
John Gartner
collected more than 41,000 signatures of mental health professionals on a petition, directed to then-Senate Minority Leader
Chuck Schumer
.
[
46
]
[
47
]
The petition asserted that Trump suffered from a serious mental illness and was "psychologically incapable of competently discharging the duties" of the presidency. Gartner asserted that Trump's mental handicaps are a mix of
narcissism
,
paranoia
,
sociopathy
, and
sadism
.
[
46
]
In February 2017, psychiatrist
Allen Frances
wrote a letter to the editor of
The New York Times
regarding Trump and
narcissistic personality disorder
. Frances said, "I wrote the criteria that define this disorder, and Mr. Trump doesn't meet them."
[
48
]
[
49
]
According to the American Psychiatric Association, "saying that a person does not have an illness is also a professional opinion."
[
50
]
On April 14, 2017, Representatives
Jamie Raskin
and
Earl Blumenauer
introduced the
Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act
.
[
51
]
The bill, if passed, would have allowed Congress, by a
concurrent resolution
, to require an 11-member commission to conduct an examination of the president and report the findings.
[
52
]
[
53
]
In April 2017,
forensic psychiatrist
Bandy X. Lee
hosted a meeting at Yale University medical school regarding the ethics of discussing Trump's mental health.
[
54
]
[
55
]
In October 2017, Lee published
The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump
, containing essays from 27 psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health professionals on the "clear and present danger" that Trump's mental health poses to the "nation and individual well being". They argued that the president's issues affected the mental health of the United States population,
[
56
]
and that he placed the country at grave risk of war because of his pathological traits.
[
57
]
They asserted that Trump exhibited narcissistic personality disorder, "extreme present
hedonism
", and bullying.
[
9
]
Carlos Lozada
, writing for
The Washington Post
, considered these conclusions "compelling", but also noted that the book contributors were writing from their own political perspectives and that other mental health professionals held differing views.
[
9
]
Lee and others contended that Trump's presidency represented an emergency allowing, or even requiring, psychiatrists to make an exception to the APA's
Goldwater rule
, which holds that it is unethical for members of the APA to give professional opinions about public figures without having examined them in person and without having obtained their
consent
.
[
58
]
[
57
]
Proponents of such an exception have asserted that there is
precedent
in allowing psychiatrists to speak out when someone presents a
clear and present danger
.
[
9
]
In September 2017, Jeanne Suk Gerson wrote in
The New Yorker
: "A strange consensus does appear to be forming around Trump's mental state", including Democrats and Republicans who doubt Trump's fitness for office.
[
57
]
Also in September 2017, journalist
Bill Moyers
interviewed psychiatrist
Robert Jay Lifton
and said that Trump "makes increasingly bizarre statements that are contradicted by irrefutable evidence to the contrary". Lifton replied, "He doesn't have clear contact with reality, though I'm not sure it qualifies as a
bona fide
delusion
." As an example, Lifton said, when Trump claimed that
former president Barack Obama was born in Kenya
, "he was manipulating that lie as well as undoubtedly believing it in part."
[
59
]
In September 2017, psychiatrist
Jeffrey Lieberman
published an article commenting on Donald Trump's mental health. He said that, in accordance with the
Goldwater rule
, no diagnosis should be made of public figures, but also stated that assessing the president's fitness for government should not be left to politicians alone. He arrived at a diagnosis of "
incipient dementia
",
[
60
]
but faced no sanctions from the APA.
[
61
]
2018
In 2018, Trump dismissed then-prevalent questions regarding his mental health, stating that he is a "very stable genius".
[
62
]
As evidence of his mental capacities, he pointed to his business success, his victory over Republican competitors, and his election to the presidency against
Hillary Clinton
.
[
63
]
Trump has also disputed claims he couldn't remember the name of a fallen soldier while talking to the widow, stating he has "one of the great memories of all time".
[
64
]
In January 2018, Trump was examined by White House physician
Ronny Jackson
, who stated that he was in excellent health, although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended,
[
24
]
and that his cardiac assessment revealed no medical issues.
[
65
]
Several independent cardiologists commented that Trump's weight, lifestyle, and
LDL cholesterol
ought to have raised serious concerns about his cardiac health.
[
66
]
Trump's 2018
coronary CT calcium scan
score indicates he has a form of heart disease called
coronary artery disease
, which is common for white males at his age.
[
67
]
In January 2018, after North Korea's leader
Kim Jong Un
and Trump publicly exchanged claims about their respective "nuclear buttons",
Richard Painter
, a former adviser to President
George W. Bush
, deemed Trump "psychologically unfit" and supported transferring his powers to Vice President
Mike Pence
under the
25th Amendment
.
[
62
]
In April 2018,
Vanity Fair
reported that Trump's advisers "worry about his mental health" when he is outside the controls available in the White House environment.
[
69
]
In response to speculation about his cognitive abilities, Trump voluntarily took the
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
(MoCA) as part of his January 2018 health checkup. He reported receiving a score of 30/30, indicating a normal level of cognitive function, although the results have not been released.
[
2
]
Critics have contended that the MoCA test is too basic to diagnose the problems asserted.
[
70
]
[
71
]
Trump used the phrase "
person, woman, man, camera, TV
" several times during a July 2020
Fox News
interview with
Marc Siegel
, a professor of medicine at
New York University
,
[
72
]
[
73
]
while describing part of the 2018 MoCA test and praising his own performance on it.
[
74
]
Trump has not publicly revealed the results of any subsequent cognitive tests but, as late as 2024, continued to praise his performance in the 2018 cognitive test.
[
75
]
Ziad Nasreddine
, the
neurologist
who created the test, noted that 2018 results would be too outdated to be relevant in 2024.
[
2
]
2019
An academic consensus across multiple studies was made in 2019, characterizing Trump as having "very high
extraversion
, very low
agreeableness
,
conscientiousness
, and
emotional stability
, and sky-high
narcissism
".
[
76
]
In 2019, amid continued speculation, the
American Psychiatric Association
and
Alzheimer's Society
requested that professionals other than Trump's doctors adhere to the Goldwater rule and refrain from giving armchair diagnoses of Trump.
[
77
]
[
78
]
A growing number of individuals in academia have continued to call for a relaxation of the Goldwater rule.
[
76
]
In February 2019, Trump was examined by White House physician
Sean Conley
. Conley stated Trump was in "very good health overall", although Trump was now slightly clinically
obese
, at 243 pounds (110 kg) with a BMI of 30.4.
[
79
]
In a July 4, 2019, speech, Trump said that during the
American Revolutionary War
, the
Continental Army
"took over the airports" from the British (airplanes were not invented until 1903, 120 years after the war ended).
[
80
]
2020
Clinical psychologist
Mary L. Trump
, who is Trump's niece, published a book in 2020 identifying the disorders she believed him to have.
[
4
]
[
81
]
Trump appeared unsteady while walking down a ramp at the
United States Air Force Academy
on June 15, 2020. He also had difficulty raising a glass of water to his mouth. These episodes raised questions about his health.
[
82
]
Trump boards
Marine One
for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the
White House Rose Garden
announcing
Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court
following the
death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg
.
[
83
]
According to a 2021 book by Trump's
Chief of Staff
Mark Meadows
, hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for
COVID-19
, although a subsequent test returned negative. Meadows recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".
[
84
]
Trump later traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the
Harrisburg International Airport
in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.
[
85
]
After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's
contact tracing
program.
[
86
]
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result
[
87
]
on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a
PCR test
when he did a live phone interview on
Hannity
.
[
88
]
On October 2, 2020, Trump tweeted that he and his wife
Melania Trump
had both tested positive for
COVID-19
,
[
88
]
part of a White House outbreak.
[
89
]
[
90
]
Later that day,
Trump was hospitalized
at
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
,
[
91
]
reportedly due to fever and labored breathing. He was treated with antivirals, an experimental antibody drug (
REGN-COV2
[
92
]
), and a steroid. He returned to the White House on October 5, still infectious and unwell.
[
89
]
[
93
]
In 2021, it was revealed that his condition had been far more serious than he had previously indicated; he had dangerously low blood oxygen levels, a high fever, and lung infiltrates, indicating a severe case of COVID-19.
[
93
]
Between presidencies and 2024 presidential campaign (2021–2024)
2021–2023
In 2022,
MSNBC
described Trump as "notoriously secretive about sharing his health records with the public" and "deliberately misleading and even dishonest about his health".
[
12
]
In an incident in October 2023, Trump referred to Hungarian prime minister
Viktor Orbán
as "the leader of Turkey", and said that Orbán shares a border with Russia, which neither Turkey nor Hungary does.
[
94
]
2024
During his 2024 campaign, polls generally showed that a majority of Americans believed that Trump was too old to serve as president.
[
4
]
A February 2024 Ipsos poll finding that Joe Biden's age and health were major or moderate concerns for 86% of voters also found that 59% similarly thought Trump was too old to hold the office.
[
11
]
During the course of the 2024 primary campaign, Trump made several gaffes, including confusing
Nikki Haley
for
Nancy Pelosi
, claiming he was running against
Barack Obama
(the Democratic candidate at the time was Joe Biden), and fearing the nation may enter World War II.
[
95
]
A shift in Trump's speeches by 2024 towards shorter sentences, more tangents, more repetition, more
all-or-nothing thinking
, and more confusion of words and phrases could indicate cognitive decline.
[
30
]
[
8
]
[
96
]
[
2
]
Basil Smikle of Columbia University argued in January 2024 that one reason Trump has not seen as much of the age criticism as Biden is that his rallies seem loud and vibrant, whereas Biden has a more old-school approach to politics.
[
42
]
In January 2024, Dr.
Jay Olshansky
gave Donald Trump less than a 75% chance of living through a second term based on publicly available information about his health.
[
97
]
[
98
]
Also in January 2024, red spots or sores were spotted on Donald Trump's hands.
[
99
]
[
100
]
On June 14, 2024, Trump said that his longtime acquaintance
Joan Rivers
had told him that she had voted for him in the 2016 election, although Rivers had died in September 2014.
[
101
]
A few days later, on June 16, 2024, while praising his own performance on a cognitive test administered in 2018, Trump "confused the name of his former White House physician" who had administered the test.
[
75
]
A July 2024 poll, taken shortly after the first presidential debate, found that 60% of voters saw Trump as too old for a second term.
[
1
]
This represented a steady and constant increase in voters polled by this pollster sharing this concern, and paralleled the progression of the larger number of voters who had the same concern about Biden.
[
1
]
Trump in July 2024
On July 13, 2024, Trump survived
an assassination attempt
while addressing a campaign rally near
Butler, Pennsylvania
.
[
102
]
Trump was shot at
[
103
]
by
Thomas Crooks
, a 20-year-old man from
Bethel Park, Pennsylvania
,
[
104
]
[
105
]
who fired eight rounds with an
AR-15–style rifle
from the roof of a building located approximately 400 feet (120 meters) from the stage.
According to the FBI, Trump was hit by a bullet,
[
106
]
and injured in his upper right ear.
[
107
]
He raised a hand to his ear before dropping down on his podium behind the
lectern
for cover.
[
108
]
[
109
]
[
110
]
[
111
]
Secret Service agents lunged toward Trump and shielded him. After the assailant was declared "down", agents helped Trump get up. Blood was visible on his ear and face. He asked the Secret Service agents to let him get his shoes.
[
112
]
According to Trump, the agents "hit me so hard that my shoes fell off, and my shoes are tight."
[
113
]
As of October 12, 2024, none of the medical records pertaining to his wounds had been released.
[
114
]
In July 2024, psychologist Simon McCarthy-Jones of
Trinity College Dublin
said in
The Conversation
that "the potential effect of the attempted assassination of Trump upon Trump's mental health – whether negligible, negative or positive – cannot be ignored". McCarthy-Jones stated that Trump being an
extrovert
might improve his ability to deal with the psychological impact of the event. However, he also asserted that "other personality traits, including low agreeableness, low conscientiousness and low emotional stability, also attributed to Trump, are associated with greater levels of
PTSD
", as are "high levels of narcissism", which can also "cause people to react to even limited threats with aggression".
[
115
]
On July 22, 2024, the
Washington Post
reported interviews with medical experts who believed Trump likely has an elevated genetic risk of dementia.
[
2
]
Nephew
Fred Trump III
said that he sees signs of the dementia that he saw in Trump's father,
Fred Trump Sr.
,
[
8
]
who was diagnosed with
Alzheimer's disease
in October 1991, at the age of 86, eight years before he died.
[
8
]
In August 2024, Gabriel Sherman reported in
Vanity Fair
suggestions that Trump was in fact "experiencing
trauma
from his
near-death experience
"; a campaign insider reportedly claimed that Trump was "watching that seven-second clip of how close he was to getting shot right in the head – over and over and over again".
[
116
]
An August 2024
Morning Consult
poll found that the number of respondents who thought Trump was too old to run jumped by seven percent, to 51%, from their previous poll once Trump's opponent changed from
Joe Biden
to
Kamala Harris
, and the number of respondents who thought Trump was in good health correspondingly fell by six percent.
[
117
]
[
118
]
The poll further reported that nearly 80% of respondents "were unsure he'd be up for serving a full second term".
[
117
]
A
Marquette University
poll released the same day reported that 57% of respondents felt that Trump was too old.
[
96
]
In September 2024, Trump said the audience "went crazy" for him at the presidential debate the preceding week, although the debate had no audience.
[
119
]
[
4
]
On October 6, 2024,
The New York Times
reported that Trump had maintained a far less active campaign schedule in 2024 than in 2016; the report added that Trump had held only 61 rallies through 2024, compared with 283 in all of 2016. In this same report, they analyzed Trump's speeches, writing, "with the passage of time, the 78-year-old former president's speeches have grown darker, harsher, longer, angrier, less focused, more profane and increasingly fixated on the past, according to a review of his public appearances over the years." The paper commented that Trump has lately seemed "confused, forgetful, incoherent or disconnected from reality" but that it does not get covered much because it is so common. It highlighted an average rally length of 82 minutes compared with 45 minutes in 2016, and a 13% increase in the use of all-or-nothing terms such as "always" and "never". It also found 32% more negative words than positive words compared with 21% in 2016, and a 69% increase in swear words. It cited experts who considered this increase in
tangential speech
and
behavioral disinhibition
the potential result of advancing age and cognitive decline.
[
4
]
As of October 12, 2024, Trump had declined to release health information going back to 2015 when he first started running for president, despite a promise he made in August 2024 to release records from a recent examination.
[
13
]
[
14
]
Releasing detailed medical reports is typical of presidential candidates.
[
15
]
Second presidency (2025–present)
2025
Between December 2024 and March 2025, bruises were spotted on multiple occasions on Trump's hands, which generated speculation about his health.
[
120
]
[
121
]
[
122
]
On April 13, 2025, three months after
Trump's second inauguration
, the
White House
released the results of his
physical examination
conducted at
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
by
White House Physician
Dr.
Sean Barbabella
.
[
123
]
[
124
]
The neurological exam included the
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
test (MoCA).
[
123
]
The report revealed that Trump had at one time had
cataract surgery
. His reported height was 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and his weight was 224 pounds (102 kg). It mentioned scarring on his right ear from a bullet wound and his "frequent victories in
golf events
".
[
125
]
In July 2025,
Karoline Leavitt
, the
White House press secretary
, stated that Trump had been diagnosed with
chronic venous insufficiency
. Trump's physician, Dr. Barbabella, wrote in a statement that bruising on Trump's right hand was attributed to his use of
aspirin
and
frequent hand-shaking
.
[
126
]
It was later noted, however, that vascular tests confirmed that Trump in fact had swelling in his legs at the time of his diagnosis.
[
127
]
Large bruises continued to appear on Trump's hands in August 2025.
[
128
]
On August 27, 2025, Vice President
JD Vance
stated that he was ready to become president; this led to speculation that Trump was seriously ill or dead.
[
129
]
[
130
]
[
131
]
That day, he was seen leaving for golf,
[
132
]
[
133
]
but a photo which Trump shared of himself on August 31 was determined to have potentially been taken on August 23, fueling further speculation of continuing health concerns.
[
134
]
[
135
]
[
136
]
Increased discussion about his mental health occurred in August.
[
137
]
A photograph of Trump leaving the White House on September 1 confirmed he was still alive, but led to more speculation about his health due to seeming changes in his appearance.
[
138
]
Theories alleging that Trump suffered an ischemic
stroke
grew following the photos' release; Trump disputed suggestions that he suffered ill health, asserting that he "never felt better in [his] life" in an all-caps
Truth Social
post.
[
139
]
On September 11, during a
9/11
commemoration at
the Pentagon
, the right side of Trump's face was said to droop down heavily, once again sparking concerns of a stroke.
[
140
]
On taking the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
We have a great group of people, which
they
don't. They have
Jasmine Crockett
— a low IQ person. They have, uh...
AOC
is low IQ. You give her an IQ test... have her pass the exams I decided to take when I was at Walter Reed. I took... Those are very hard, uh... They're really aptitude test, I guess, in a certain way, but they're cognitive tests. Let AOC go against Trump. Let Jasmine go against Trump. I don't think Jasmine... The first couple questions are easy — a
tiger
, an
elephant
, a
giraffe
, you know.
[
a
]
When you get up to five or six, and then when you get up to ten, and twenty, and twenty-five — they couldn't come close to answering any of those questions."
On October 10, Trump received another visit to Walter Reed. Leavitt described the visit as a "routine yearly checkup", despite it being Trump's second at the facility in a six-month-period.
[
143
]
[
144
]
Dr. Barbabella did not elaborate on the imaging or "preventive assessments" that he performed, but added that Trump's laboratory results were "exceptional," and that his cardiac age is "approximately 14 years younger than his chronological age."
[
145
]
On October 27, Trump told reporters that he had undergone an undisclosed
MRI
scan during a previous visit to Walter Reed, which, despite his claim that it gave "some of the best reports for the age" and "some of the best reports they've ever seen", led to further speculation about his health due to the undisclosed nature of why he had the procedure done.
[
146
]
Trump also bragged about his taking of the MoCA test, again misidentifying the
screening assessment
for detecting
cognitive impairment
as a "very hard [...] IQ test" and claiming that younger Democratic political opponents do not have the intelligence to pass it.
[
145
]
[
147
]
Whether a third MoCA test was conducted during the October visit or if Trump was referring to his April 2025 and/or January 2018 assessments was not clarified.
[
145
]
On October 28, new concerns about Trump's mental state emerged when a video emerged of him wandering off while walking alongside
Sanae Takaichi
, the first female prime minister of Japan, while at
Akasaka Palace
in
Tokyo
, Japan.
[
148
]
On November 2,
Simon Tisdall
alleged in
The Guardian
that "the first signs of the battle over Trump's succession" were now showing, stating that Trump's Vice President J.D. Vance will be "President JD Vance" by the time of the 2028 U.S. presidential election, and describing "President JD Vance or Marco Rubio" as the current frontrunners to run for the Republican nomination in 2028.
[
149
]
On December 2, Trump appeared to fall asleep during a Cabinet meeting, which prompted additional concerns over his health.
[
150
]
California representative
Sydney Kamlager-Dove
speculated in response that Trump was taking
Leqembi
, used to treat Alzheimer's, stating that his MRI, hand bruises, and apparent drowsiness aligned with the drug's side effects.
[
151
]
2026
On January 1, 2026,
The Daily Beast
described Trump as "sick and sleepy," noting his recent history of dozing during public appearances and a recent report revealing how he was requesting to now attend "fewer, more important meetings.
[
152
]
Trump would also concede in an interview with
The Wall Street Journal
that he was now taking a larger dosage of aspirin and ignoring medical advice.
[
153
]
[
154
]
United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
described Trump's diet as "unhinged" and highly unhealthy in a January interview. Kennedy claimed the president ate high-price premium meals when living at
Mar-a-Lago
or the White House, but switched to a heavy diet of fast food and candy when travelling. The president apparently had a preference for
McDonald's
and other major American chains, as he considered corporate restaurants more trustworthy. Kennedy concluded that Trump would need an inhuman constitution to maintain such a lifestyle, stating "I don't know how he's alive, but he is".
[
17
]
The
Greenland Crisis
has brought particular attention to Trump's fitness and stability regarding his international conduct. Following the publicizing of the "
Dear Jonas
" letter, in which Trump demanded "complete and total control of Greenland" and cited his perceived snub of the
2025 Nobel Peace Prize
as a deciding factor in his escalation of the crisis, Democratic lawmakers widely questioned Trump's mental fitness for office. Senator
Andy Kim
of New Jersey described it as "unhinged and embarrassing", and
Chris Murphy
, a member of the
Senate Foreign Affairs Committee
, as "the ramblings of a man who has lost touch with reality".
[
155
]
Vin Gupta
, the medical analyst for NBC News, said the letter "crossed a line of proper adult behavior" and should have had a "more thorough public assessment of his neurological fitness," stating that Trump's behavior including his letter to Støre could be signs of early
Alzheimer's
or
frontotemporal dementia
.
[
156
]
Trump in March 2026
On January 22, 2026, Trump spoke before world leaders at a summit in
Davos
, and photographers captured photos of him with a large bruise on his left hand, unlike the bruise on his other hand, which the administration had to address publicly. Trump has publicly attributed the bruising to shaking hands, but he is accustomed to using his right hand, not his left.
[
157
]
On January 29, 2026, shortly after the signing of Executive Order
14379
[ws]
"Addressing Addiction through the Great American Recovery Initiative", Trump and his cabinet dismissed news reporters from the Oval Office without an interview. Some social media users, including
Rebekah Jones
, speculated that the press conference ended abruptly due to Trump defecating himself.
[
158
]
[
159
]
These accusations cited an unidentified sound and apparent reactions from
Pam Bondi
and
Doug Burgum
's wife Kathryn heard and seen in
Forbes
'
s live coverage. In correspondence with
Snopes
, White House spokesman
Steven Cheung
denied the rumor that Trump had defecated at the event.
[
158
]
On March 2, Trump was photographed with a dark red rash on his neck.
[
160
]
Trump's physician
Sean Barbabella
issued a statement saying that the president was using a medicated cream as a “preventative” treatment of the skin condition which was expected to last "a few weeks"; he did not explain the skin condition or disclose what the medication was.
[
161
]
On March 12, during at a White House gathering for
Women's History Month
, Trump referred to his current White House Press Secretary
Karoline Leavitt
as "Kellyanne," appearing to mistake her for the former senior counselor from his first presidency
Kellyanne Conway
.
[
162
]
[
163
]
See also
Age and health concerns about Joe Biden
Make America Healthy Again
Term limits in the United States
Notes
^
The standard MoCA asks the examinee to identify a
lion
, a
rhinoceros
, and a
camel
.
[
141
]
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. |
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- [1 Background and lifestyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#Background_and_lifestyle)
- [2 2016 presidential campaign (2015–2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2016_presidential_campaign_\(2015%E2%80%932016\))
- [3 First presidency and 2020 presidential campaign (2017–2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#First_presidency_and_2020_presidential_campaign_\(2017%E2%80%932020\))
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- [3\.1 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2017)
- [3\.2 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2018)
- [3\.3 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2019)
- [3\.4 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2020)
- [4 Between presidencies and 2024 presidential campaign (2021–2024)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#Between_presidencies_and_2024_presidential_campaign_\(2021%E2%80%932024\))
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- [4\.2 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#2024)
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- [6 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#See_also)
- [7 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#Notes)
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# Age and health concerns about Donald Trump
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|  | This article **may lend [undue weight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight "Wikipedia:Neutral point of view") to minor or irrelevant events rather than an encyclopedic summary**. Please help [improve it](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump&action=edit) by rewriting it in a [balanced fashion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance "Wikipedia:Neutral point of view") that contextualises different points of view. *(February 2026)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))* |
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_Too_Old_poll.png)
A 2024 poll by [Ipsos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsos "Ipsos") indicated increased concern about Trump's age and fitness for office between 2023 and 2024.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_oversees_Operation_Epic_Fury_at_Mar-a-Lago_\(55124355922\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in March 2026
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| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\)_\(3x4_close_cropped\).jpg) | This article is part of a series about[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") |
| Life and business [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") [bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump "Family of Donald Trump") [Age and health]() [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") [Eponyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Indictments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Handshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes") [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") [Views and ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") ["Make America Great Again"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") [Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_movement "MAGA movement") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Nicknames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of endorsements by Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") ["Trump always chickens out"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") ["Trump derangement syndrome"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") 45th and 47th President of the United States Presidencies [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") Transitions [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") Inaugurations [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") Tenure First 100 days [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_executive_orders_\(disambiguation\) "Trump executive orders (disambiguation)") [proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Opinion polling on the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [TikTok controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy "Donald Trump–TikTok controversy") [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") Domestic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") Economic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") tariffs [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") Environment [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the second Trump administration") Foreign [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") Immigration [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") Social [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Social policy of the second Trump administration") cannabis [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") Space [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Political appointments of the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Cabinet of Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_by_Donald_Trump "Executive Office appointments by Donald Trump") [U.S. Attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Presidential campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") 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[debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* tape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") [Spygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spygate_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Spygate (conspiracy theory)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [GOP reactions to election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Trump–Raffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "Trump–Raffensperger phone call") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") assassination attempts [PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks "Thomas Matthew Crooks") [photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Wesley_Routh "Ryan Wesley Routh") Impeachments [Efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [First impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [Trump–Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "Trump–Ukraine scandal") [House inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") Civil and criminal prosecutions [2020 election federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Classified documents federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Plasmic Echo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)")* [New York indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [Karen McDougal affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump "Karen McDougal") [financial fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Georgia election indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Georgia election investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation "2020 Georgia election investigation") [mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies "Trump administration political interference with science agencies") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump's signature")  | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Template:Donald Trump series") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump_series "Template talk:Donald Trump series") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump series") | |
At 79 years old, [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), the 45th and 47th [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States"), became the oldest person in American history to become president upon [his second inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") in 2025. In July 2024, five weeks after his 78th birthday, he became the oldest presidential nominee of a major party.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_Trump_Now_Old-3) Should he serve as president until at least August 15, 2028, he would be the oldest sitting president in American history. On January 20, 2029, the end of his second term, he would be 82 years, seven months, and six days old.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-6)
Since the early days of [Trump's 2016 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign"), his physical and mental health have been debated. Trump was 70 years old when he first took office, surpassing [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") as the [oldest person to assume the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-7) Trump's age, weight, lifestyle, and history of [heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease "Heart disease") raised questions about his physical health.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Some [psychiatrists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatrists "Psychiatrists") and reporters have speculated that Trump may have [mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health "Mental health") impairments, such as [dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia "Dementia") (which [his father](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") had) or [narcissistic personality disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder "Narcissistic personality disorder").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) Such claims have prompted discussion about the ethics and applicability of the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"), which prohibits mental health professionals from publicly diagnosing or discussing the diagnosis of public figures without their consent and direct examination.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-10) Public opinion polling from July 2024 indicated an increase in the percentage of Americans concerned about his fitness for a second term.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140852-11)
[Trump's 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") refused to release basic medical records on Trump's health for a significant period, with the most recent release being in 2015.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MSNBC_22-12)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baumgaertner-2024-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schneid-2024-14)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Alba-2024-15) A number of official reports have since been made, concluding that Trump was in "excellent health" and "fully fit" to serve as president.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-16) Overall concerns have nonetheless continued to abound throughout his second presidency, with both Trump insiders and outside critics directly discussing supposed health risks and their future impacts,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CockburnJan26-17) up to and including a [presidential succession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession "United States presidential line of succession") by Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-19)
## Background and lifestyle
Coverage of Trump's mental acuity has generated discussion of whether the media has been "[sanewashing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanewashing "Sanewashing")" Trump by selecting more coherent clips or quotes from his speeches that give a false impression of mental acuity without balancing that coverage by also focusing on the parts of his speeches that might raise concerns about his mental fitness to be president.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-23)
As of 2018[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump&action=edit), Trump does [not drink alcohol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teetotalism "Teetotalism");[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-time-20180117-24) this decision arose in part from watching his older brother [Fred Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr.") suffer from alcoholism that contributed to his early death in 1981.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nytimesalc-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-26) He also said that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed drugs, including [marijuana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_\(drug\) "Cannabis (drug)").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-27)
Trump, in his personal life, subscribes to the fringe and pseudoscientific view of **battery theory**, positing that a human is born with only a finite amount of energy, which is depleted by physical activity.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-28) Trump therefore avoids most types of exercise [apart from golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") in the belief that this would cause him to die sooner.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-30) The concept has been widely debunked by mainstream medical science.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thomson_10/2/2025-31)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-33)
## 2016 presidential campaign (2015–2016)
In December 2015, Trump's personal physician, [Harold Bornstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bornstein "Harold Bornstein"), released a letter praising Trump for "extraordinary physical strength and stamina". The letter asserted that Trump would be "the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency" and said that a recent medical exam yielded "only positive results".[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-34) Before Bornstein's death in 2021, he told CNN that Trump had dictated the entire letter.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-35) The language used was in Trump's style and not typical of a medical doctor; in particular, the American journalist [Kurt Eichenwald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Eichenwald "Kurt Eichenwald") noted that [positive test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_test "Positive test") results do not necessarily mean a favorable outcome for the patient.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-36) A follow-up medical report by Bornstein claimed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid functions were within the normal range, and that he takes a [statin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statin "Statin"). At 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and 236 pounds (107 kg), Trump's [body mass index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index "Body mass index") of 29.5 registered on the higher end of [overweight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweight "Overweight") BMIs.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-39)
During the [2016 Republican Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries"), presidential candidate and primary opponent [Jeb Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb_Bush "Jeb Bush") speculated in February 2016 that Trump had mental health issues, stating, "I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but the guy needs therapy."[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-41)
## First presidency and 2020 presidential campaign (2017–2020)
### 2017
The "[Duty to Warn](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duty_to_Warn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Duty to Warn (page does not exist)")" movement was founded by medical professionals concerned about Trump's cognitive health in his first year in office.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Milligan-2024-42)
In 2016 and 2017, a number of psychiatrists and [clinical psychologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_psychology "Clinical psychology") faced criticism for violating the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"); despite having never examined him, they maintained that Donald Trump displayed "an assortment of [personality problems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder "Personality disorder"), including [grandiosity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiosity "Grandiosity"), a lack of [empathy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy "Empathy"), and '[malignant narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_narcissism "Malignant narcissism")'", and that he had a "dangerous mental illness".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Carey2016-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-goldwatertrump-44)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-LeeUSAToday-45)
In 2017, psychologist [John Gartner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gartner_\(psychologist\) "John Gartner (psychologist)") collected more than 41,000 signatures of mental health professionals on a petition, directed to then-Senate Minority Leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Willingham-2017-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) The petition asserted that Trump suffered from a serious mental illness and was "psychologically incapable of competently discharging the duties" of the presidency. Gartner asserted that Trump's mental handicaps are a mix of [narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism "Narcissism"), [paranoia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia "Paranoia"), [sociopathy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopathy "Sociopathy"), and [sadism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder "Sadistic personality disorder").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Willingham-2017-46)
In February 2017, psychiatrist [Allen Frances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Frances "Allen Frances") wrote a letter to the editor of *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* regarding Trump and [narcissistic personality disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder "Narcissistic personality disorder"). Frances said, "I wrote the criteria that define this disorder, and Mr. Trump doesn't meet them."[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-49) According to the American Psychiatric Association, "saying that a person does not have an illness is also a professional opinion."[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-50)
On April 14, 2017, Representatives [Jamie Raskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Raskin "Jamie Raskin") and [Earl Blumenauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Blumenauer "Earl Blumenauer") introduced the [Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_Commission_on_Presidential_Capacity_Act "Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-51) The bill, if passed, would have allowed Congress, by a [concurrent resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_resolution "Concurrent resolution"), to require an 11-member commission to conduct an examination of the president and report the findings.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Marcos-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-53)
In April 2017, [forensic psychiatrist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_psychiatrist "Forensic psychiatrist") [Bandy X. Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy_X._Lee "Bandy X. Lee") hosted a meeting at Yale University medical school regarding the ethics of discussing Trump's mental health.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In October 2017, Lee published *[The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dangerous_Case_of_Donald_Trump "The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump")*, containing essays from 27 psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health professionals on the "clear and present danger" that Trump's mental health poses to the "nation and individual well being". They argued that the president's issues affected the mental health of the United States population,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-56) and that he placed the country at grave risk of war because of his pathological traits.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57) They asserted that Trump exhibited narcissistic personality disorder, "extreme present [hedonism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonism "Hedonism")", and bullying.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) [Carlos Lozada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Lozada_\(journalist\) "Carlos Lozada (journalist)"), writing for *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*, considered these conclusions "compelling", but also noted that the book contributors were writing from their own political perspectives and that other mental health professionals held differing views.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) Lee and others contended that Trump's presidency represented an emergency allowing, or even requiring, psychiatrists to make an exception to the APA's [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule#Donald_Trump "Goldwater rule"), which holds that it is unethical for members of the APA to give professional opinions about public figures without having examined them in person and without having obtained their [consent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consent "Consent").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-58)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57) Proponents of such an exception have asserted that there is [precedent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarasoff_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California "Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California") in allowing psychiatrists to speak out when someone presents a [clear and present danger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger "Clear and present danger").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9)
In September 2017, Jeanne Suk Gerson wrote in *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")*: "A strange consensus does appear to be forming around Trump's mental state", including Democrats and Republicans who doubt Trump's fitness for office.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57)
Also in September 2017, journalist [Bill Moyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers "Bill Moyers") interviewed psychiatrist [Robert Jay Lifton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Jay_Lifton "Robert Jay Lifton") and said that Trump "makes increasingly bizarre statements that are contradicted by irrefutable evidence to the contrary". Lifton replied, "He doesn't have clear contact with reality, though I'm not sure it qualifies as a *bona fide* [delusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion "Delusion")." As an example, Lifton said, when Trump claimed that [former president Barack Obama was born in Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"), "he was manipulating that lie as well as undoubtedly believing it in part."[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-59)
In September 2017, psychiatrist [Jeffrey Lieberman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Lieberman "Jeffrey Lieberman") published an article commenting on Donald Trump's mental health. He said that, in accordance with the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"), no diagnosis should be made of public figures, but also stated that assessing the president's fitness for government should not be left to politicians alone. He arrived at a diagnosis of "[incipient dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incipient_dementia "Incipient dementia")",[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-60) but faced no sanctions from the APA.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-61)
### 2018
In 2018, Trump dismissed then-prevalent questions regarding his mental health, stating that he is a "very stable genius".[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_1-6-18-62) As evidence of his mental capacities, he pointed to his business success, his victory over Republican competitors, and his election to the presidency against [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-63) Trump has also disputed claims he couldn't remember the name of a fallen soldier while talking to the widow, stating he has "one of the great memories of all time".[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-64)
In January 2018, Trump was examined by White House physician [Ronny Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronny_Jackson "Ronny Jackson"), who stated that he was in excellent health, although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended,[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-time-20180117-24) and that his cardiac assessment revealed no medical issues.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-65) Several independent cardiologists commented that Trump's weight, lifestyle, and [LDL cholesterol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein "Low-density lipoprotein") ought to have raised serious concerns about his cardiac health.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nyt-20180117-66) Trump's 2018 [coronary CT calcium scan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_CT_calcium_scan "Coronary CT calcium scan") score indicates he has a form of heart disease called [coronary artery disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease "Coronary artery disease"), which is common for white males at his age.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-67)
| |
|---|
| **Donald J. Trump** (@realDonaldTrump ) tweeted: |
> North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un just stated that the "Nuclear Button is on his desk at all times". Will someone from his depleted and food starved regime please inform him that I too have a Nuclear Button, but it is a much bigger & more powerful one than his, and my Button works\!
January 3, 2018[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-TweetrealDonaldTrump-68)
In January 2018, after North Korea's leader [Kim Jong Un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un "Kim Jong Un") and Trump publicly exchanged claims about their respective "nuclear buttons", [Richard Painter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Painter "Richard Painter"), a former adviser to President [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush"), deemed Trump "psychologically unfit" and supported transferring his powers to Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") under the [25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_1-6-18-62) In April 2018, *Vanity Fair* reported that Trump's advisers "worry about his mental health" when he is outside the controls available in the White House environment.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-69)
In response to speculation about his cognitive abilities, Trump voluntarily took the [Montreal Cognitive Assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment "Montreal Cognitive Assessment") (MoCA) as part of his January 2018 health checkup. He reported receiving a score of 30/30, indicating a normal level of cognitive function, although the results have not been released.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Critics have contended that the MoCA test is too basic to diagnose the problems asserted.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kolata-70)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hamblin-71) Trump used the phrase "[person, woman, man, camera, TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person,_woman,_man,_camera,_TV "Person, woman, man, camera, TV")" several times during a July 2020 [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") interview with [Marc Siegel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Siegel "Marc Siegel"), a professor of medicine at [New York University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University "New York University"),[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WaPo-73) while describing part of the 2018 MoCA test and praising his own performance on it.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-defend-74) Trump has not publicly revealed the results of any subsequent cognitive tests but, as late as 2024, continued to praise his performance in the 2018 cognitive test.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Confuses_Ronny_Jackson's_Name-75) [Ziad Nasreddine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziad_Nasreddine "Ziad Nasreddine"), the [neurologist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology "Neurology") who created the test, noted that 2018 results would be too outdated to be relevant in 2024.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)
### 2019
An academic consensus across multiple studies was made in 2019, characterizing Trump as having "very high [extraversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion "Extraversion and introversion"), very low [agreeableness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreeableness "Agreeableness"), [conscientiousness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness "Conscientiousness"), and [emotional stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equanimity "Equanimity"), and sky-high [narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism "Narcissism")".[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nai_2021-76)
In 2019, amid continued speculation, the [American Psychiatric Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association "American Psychiatric Association") and [Alzheimer's Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_Society "Alzheimer's Society") requested that professionals other than Trump's doctors adhere to the Goldwater rule and refrain from giving armchair diagnoses of Trump.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-77)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-78) A growing number of individuals in academia have continued to call for a relaxation of the Goldwater rule.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nai_2021-76)
In February 2019, Trump was examined by White House physician [Sean Conley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Conley "Sean Conley"). Conley stated Trump was in "very good health overall", although Trump was now slightly clinically [obese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obese "Obese"), at 243 pounds (110 kg) with a BMI of 30.4.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN2019-79)
In a July 4, 2019, speech, Trump said that during the [American Revolutionary War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War "American Revolutionary War"), the [Continental Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army "Continental Army") "took over the airports" from the British (airplanes were not invented until 1903, 120 years after the war ended).[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-80)
### 2020
Main article: [White House COVID-19 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak")
[Clinical psychologist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_psychologist "Clinical psychologist") [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump"), who is Trump's niece, published a book in 2020 identifying the disorders she believed him to have.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-81)
Trump appeared unsteady while walking down a ramp at the [United States Air Force Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy "United States Air Force Academy") on June 15, 2020. He also had difficulty raising a glass of water to his mouth. These episodes raised questions about his health.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-82)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Boards_Marine_One_\(50436803733\).jpg)
Trump boards [Marine One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_One "Marine One") for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") announcing [Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") following the [death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg "Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-kim26-83) According to a 2021 book by Trump's [Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows"), hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19"), although a subsequent test returned negative. Meadows recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guardian1dec21-84)
Trump later traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the [Harrisburg International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_International_Airport "Harrisburg International Airport") in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing") program.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-87) on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a [PCR test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction "Polymerase chain reaction") when he did a live phone interview on *[Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannity "Hannity")*.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-88) On October 2, 2020, Trump tweeted that he and his wife [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") had both tested positive for [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019"),[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-88) part of a White House outbreak.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-downplay-89)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-drug-90) Later that day, [Trump was hospitalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_COVID-19_infection "Donald Trump's COVID-19 infection") at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center"),[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-91) reportedly due to fever and labored breathing. He was treated with antivirals, an experimental antibody drug ([REGN-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REGN-COV2 "REGN-COV2")[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-92)), and a steroid. He returned to the White House on October 5, still infectious and unwell.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-downplay-89)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sicker-93) In 2021, it was revealed that his condition had been far more serious than he had previously indicated; he had dangerously low blood oxygen levels, a high fever, and lung infiltrates, indicating a severe case of COVID-19.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sicker-93)
## Between presidencies and 2024 presidential campaign (2021–2024)
### 2021–2023
In 2022, *MSNBC* described Trump as "notoriously secretive about sharing his health records with the public" and "deliberately misleading and even dishonest about his health".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MSNBC_22-12)
In an incident in October 2023, Trump referred to Hungarian prime minister [Viktor Orbán](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n "Viktor Orbán") as "the leader of Turkey", and said that Orbán shares a border with Russia, which neither Turkey nor Hungary does.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-94)
### 2024
During his 2024 campaign, polls generally showed that a majority of Americans believed that Trump was too old to serve as president.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4) A February 2024 Ipsos poll finding that Joe Biden's age and health were major or moderate concerns for 86% of voters also found that 59% similarly thought Trump was too old to hold the office.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140852-11)
During the course of the 2024 primary campaign, Trump made several gaffes, including confusing [Nikki Haley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Haley "Nikki Haley") for [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi"), claiming he was running against [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") (the Democratic candidate at the time was Joe Biden), and fearing the nation may enter World War II.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140503-95)
A shift in Trump's speeches by 2024 towards shorter sentences, more tangents, more repetition, more [all-or-nothing thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-or-nothing_thinking "All-or-nothing thinking"), and more confusion of words and phrases could indicate cognitive decline.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-30)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Boomeranging-96)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Basil Smikle of Columbia University argued in January 2024 that one reason Trump has not seen as much of the age criticism as Biden is that his rallies seem loud and vibrant, whereas Biden has a more old-school approach to politics.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Milligan-2024-42)
In January 2024, Dr. [Jay Olshansky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Jay_Olshansky "S. Jay Olshansky") gave Donald Trump less than a 75% chance of living through a second term based on publicly available information about his health.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-98) Also in January 2024, red spots or sores were spotted on Donald Trump's hands.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-100)
On June 14, 2024, Trump said that his longtime acquaintance [Joan Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Rivers "Joan Rivers") had told him that she had voted for him in the 2016 election, although Rivers had died in September 2014.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-101)
A few days later, on June 16, 2024, while praising his own performance on a cognitive test administered in 2018, Trump "confused the name of his former White House physician" who had administered the test.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Confuses_Ronny_Jackson's_Name-75)
A July 2024 poll, taken shortly after the first presidential debate, found that 60% of voters saw Trump as too old for a second term.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1) This represented a steady and constant increase in voters polled by this pollster sharing this concern, and paralleled the progression of the larger number of voters who had the same concern about Biden.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_\(53910427147\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in July 2024
On July 13, 2024, Trump survived [an assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") while addressing a campaign rally near [Butler, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania "Butler, Pennsylvania").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-102) Trump was shot at[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-103) by [Thomas Crooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks"), a 20-year-old man from [Bethel Park, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania "Bethel Park, Pennsylvania"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-gunman_dead-104)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters-2024-2-105) who fired eight rounds with an [AR-15–style rifle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AR-15%E2%80%93style_rifle "AR-15–style rifle") from the roof of a building located approximately 400 feet (120 meters) from the stage.
According to the FBI, Trump was hit by a bullet,[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-z383-106) and injured in his upper right ear.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-107) He raised a hand to his ear before dropping down on his podium behind the [lectern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectern "Lectern") for cover.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-moment_shot-108)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-109)[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Watson-2024-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-111) Secret Service agents lunged toward Trump and shielded him. After the assailant was declared "down", agents helped Trump get up. Blood was visible on his ear and face. He asked the Secret Service agents to let him get his shoes.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters-2024-112) According to Trump, the agents "hit me so hard that my shoes fell off, and my shoes are tight."[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_York_Post-2024-113) As of October 12, 2024, none of the medical records pertaining to his wounds had been released.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-114)
In July 2024, psychologist Simon McCarthy-Jones of [Trinity College Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin "Trinity College Dublin") said in *[The Conversation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_\(website\) "The Conversation (website)")* that "the potential effect of the attempted assassination of Trump upon Trump's mental health – whether negligible, negative or positive – cannot be ignored". McCarthy-Jones stated that Trump being an [extrovert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion "Extraversion and introversion") might improve his ability to deal with the psychological impact of the event. However, he also asserted that "other personality traits, including low agreeableness, low conscientiousness and low emotional stability, also attributed to Trump, are associated with greater levels of [PTSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder "Post-traumatic stress disorder")", as are "high levels of narcissism", which can also "cause people to react to even limited threats with aggression".[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-115) On July 22, 2024, the *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* reported interviews with medical experts who believed Trump likely has an elevated genetic risk of dementia.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Nephew [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III") said that he sees signs of the dementia that he saw in Trump's father, [Fred Trump Sr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8) who was diagnosed with [Alzheimer's disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease "Alzheimer's disease") in October 1991, at the age of 86, eight years before he died.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)
In August 2024, Gabriel Sherman reported in *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")* suggestions that Trump was in fact "experiencing [trauma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_trauma "Psychological trauma") from his [near-death experience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-death_experience "Near-death experience")"; a campaign insider reportedly claimed that Trump was "watching that seven-second clip of how close he was to getting shot right in the head – over and over and over again".[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-116)
An August 2024 *[Morning Consult](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Consult "Morning Consult")* poll found that the number of respondents who thought Trump was too old to run jumped by seven percent, to 51%, from their previous poll once Trump's opponent changed from [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") to [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), and the number of respondents who thought Trump was in good health correspondingly fell by six percent.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Independent_8-7-24-117)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-118) The poll further reported that nearly 80% of respondents "were unsure he'd be up for serving a full second term".[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Independent_8-7-24-117) A [Marquette University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquette_University "Marquette University") poll released the same day reported that 57% of respondents felt that Trump was too old.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Boomeranging-96)
In September 2024, Trump said the audience "went crazy" for him at the presidential debate the preceding week, although the debate had no audience.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)
On October 6, 2024, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reported that Trump had maintained a far less active campaign schedule in 2024 than in 2016; the report added that Trump had held only 61 rallies through 2024, compared with 283 in all of 2016. In this same report, they analyzed Trump's speeches, writing, "with the passage of time, the 78-year-old former president's speeches have grown darker, harsher, longer, angrier, less focused, more profane and increasingly fixated on the past, according to a review of his public appearances over the years." The paper commented that Trump has lately seemed "confused, forgetful, incoherent or disconnected from reality" but that it does not get covered much because it is so common. It highlighted an average rally length of 82 minutes compared with 45 minutes in 2016, and a 13% increase in the use of all-or-nothing terms such as "always" and "never". It also found 32% more negative words than positive words compared with 21% in 2016, and a 69% increase in swear words. It cited experts who considered this increase in [tangential speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_speech "Tangential speech") and [behavioral disinhibition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition "Disinhibition") the potential result of advancing age and cognitive decline.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)
As of October 12, 2024, Trump had declined to release health information going back to 2015 when he first started running for president, despite a promise he made in August 2024 to release records from a recent examination.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baumgaertner-2024-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schneid-2024-14) Releasing detailed medical reports is typical of presidential candidates.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Alba-2024-15)
## Second presidency (2025–present)
### 2025
Between December 2024 and March 2025, bruises were spotted on multiple occasions on Trump's hands, which generated speculation about his health.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-121)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-122)
On April 13, 2025, three months after [Trump's second inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump"), the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") released the results of his [physical examination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination "Physical examination") conducted at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center") by [White House Physician](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Physician "White House Physician") Dr. [Sean Barbabella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Barbabella "Sean Barbabella").[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_records_released-123)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_results_released-124) The neurological exam included the [Montreal Cognitive Assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment "Montreal Cognitive Assessment") test (MoCA).[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_records_released-123) The report revealed that Trump had at one time had [cataract surgery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract_surgery "Cataract surgery"). His reported height was 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and his weight was 224 pounds (102 kg). It mentioned scarring on his right ear from a bullet wound and his "frequent victories in [golf events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf")".[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-2025exam-125)
In July 2025, [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt"), the [White House press secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary "White House Press Secretary"), stated that Trump had been diagnosed with [chronic venous insufficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_venous_insufficiency "Chronic venous insufficiency"). Trump's physician, Dr. Barbabella, wrote in a statement that bruising on Trump's right hand was attributed to his use of [aspirin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin "Aspirin") and [frequent hand-shaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-126) It was later noted, however, that vascular tests confirmed that Trump in fact had swelling in his legs at the time of his diagnosis.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-127) Large bruises continued to appear on Trump's hands in August 2025.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-128)
On August 27, 2025, Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") stated that he was ready to become president; this led to speculation that Trump was seriously ill or dead.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-129)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-131) That day, he was seen leaving for golf,[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-132)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-133) but a photo which Trump shared of himself on August 31 was determined to have potentially been taken on August 23, fueling further speculation of continuing health concerns.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-134)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-135)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-136) Increased discussion about his mental health occurred in August.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-137) A photograph of Trump leaving the White House on September 1 confirmed he was still alive, but led to more speculation about his health due to seeming changes in his appearance.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-baldrumors-138) Theories alleging that Trump suffered an ischemic [stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke "Stroke") grew following the photos' release; Trump disputed suggestions that he suffered ill health, asserting that he "never felt better in \[his\] life" in an all-caps [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") post.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Mitra_2025-139) On September 11, during a [9/11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11 "9/11") commemoration at [the Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon"), the right side of Trump's face was said to droop down heavily, once again sparking concerns of a stroke.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-140)
On taking the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
> We have a great group of people, which [they](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") don't. They have [Jasmine Crockett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett "Jasmine Crockett") — a low IQ person. They have, uh... [AOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOC "AOC") is low IQ. You give her an IQ test... have her pass the exams I decided to take when I was at Walter Reed. I took... Those are very hard, uh... They're really aptitude test, I guess, in a certain way, but they're cognitive tests. Let AOC go against Trump. Let Jasmine go against Trump. I don't think Jasmine... The first couple questions are easy — a [tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger "Tiger"), an [elephant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant "Elephant"), a [giraffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffe "Giraffe"), you know.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-142) When you get up to five or six, and then when you get up to ten, and twenty, and twenty-five — they couldn't come close to answering any of those questions."
Trump aboard [Air Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One "Air Force One")[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-143)
October 27, 2025
On October 10, Trump received another visit to Walter Reed. Leavitt described the visit as a "routine yearly checkup", despite it being Trump's second at the facility in a six-month-period.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-144)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-145) Dr. Barbabella did not elaborate on the imaging or "preventive assessments" that he performed, but added that Trump's laboratory results were "exceptional," and that his cardiac age is "approximately 14 years younger than his chronological age."[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)
On October 27, Trump told reporters that he had undergone an undisclosed [MRI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI "MRI") scan during a previous visit to Walter Reed, which, despite his claim that it gave "some of the best reports for the age" and "some of the best reports they've ever seen", led to further speculation about his health due to the undisclosed nature of why he had the procedure done.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-147) Trump also bragged about his taking of the MoCA test, again misidentifying the [screening assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening_\(medicine\) "Screening (medicine)") for detecting [cognitive impairment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment "Cognitive impairment") as a "very hard \[...\] IQ test" and claiming that younger Democratic political opponents do not have the intelligence to pass it.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-148) Whether a third MoCA test was conducted during the October visit or if Trump was referring to his April 2025 and/or January 2018 assessments was not clarified.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)
On October 28, new concerns about Trump's mental state emerged when a video emerged of him wandering off while walking alongside [Sanae Takaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi "Sanae Takaichi"), the first female prime minister of Japan, while at [Akasaka Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akasaka_Palace "Akasaka Palace") in [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-149)
On November 2, [Simon Tisdall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Tisdall "Simon Tisdall") alleged in *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* that "the first signs of the battle over Trump's succession" were now showing, stating that Trump's Vice President J.D. Vance will be "President JD Vance" by the time of the 2028 U.S. presidential election, and describing "President JD Vance or Marco Rubio" as the current frontrunners to run for the Republican nomination in 2028.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-150)
On December 2, Trump appeared to fall asleep during a Cabinet meeting, which prompted additional concerns over his health.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-151) California representative [Sydney Kamlager-Dove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Kamlager-Dove "Sydney Kamlager-Dove") speculated in response that Trump was taking [Leqembi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecanemab "Lecanemab"), used to treat Alzheimer's, stating that his MRI, hand bruises, and apparent drowsiness aligned with the drug's side effects.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-152)
### 2026
On January 1, 2026, *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* described Trump as "sick and sleepy," noting his recent history of dozing during public appearances and a recent report revealing how he was requesting to now attend "fewer, more important meetings.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-153) Trump would also concede in an interview with *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")* that he was now taking a larger dosage of aspirin and ignoring medical advice.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-154)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-155)
[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") described Trump's diet as "unhinged" and highly unhealthy in a January interview. Kennedy claimed the president ate high-price premium meals when living at [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") or the White House, but switched to a heavy diet of fast food and candy when travelling. The president apparently had a preference for [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's") and other major American chains, as he considered corporate restaurants more trustworthy. Kennedy concluded that Trump would need an inhuman constitution to maintain such a lifestyle, stating "I don't know how he's alive, but he is".[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CockburnJan26-17)
The [Greenland Crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_Crisis "Greenland Crisis") has brought particular attention to Trump's fitness and stability regarding his international conduct. Following the publicizing of the "[Dear Jonas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Jonas "Dear Jonas")" letter, in which Trump demanded "complete and total control of Greenland" and cited his perceived snub of the [2025 Nobel Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") as a deciding factor in his escalation of the crisis, Democratic lawmakers widely questioned Trump's mental fitness for office. Senator [Andy Kim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kim "Andy Kim") of New Jersey described it as "unhinged and embarrassing", and [Chris Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Murphy "Chris Murphy"), a member of the [Senate Foreign Affairs Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Affairs_Committee "Senate Foreign Affairs Committee"), as "the ramblings of a man who has lost touch with reality".[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-156) [Vin Gupta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_Gupta_\(pulmonologist\) "Vin Gupta (pulmonologist)"), the medical analyst for NBC News, said the letter "crossed a line of proper adult behavior" and should have had a "more thorough public assessment of his neurological fitness," stating that Trump's behavior including his letter to Støre could be signs of early [Alzheimer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease "Alzheimer's disease") or [frontotemporal dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontotemporal_dementia "Frontotemporal dementia").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-157)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20260312JB-1149_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in March 2026
On January 22, 2026, Trump spoke before world leaders at a summit in [Davos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davos "Davos"), and photographers captured photos of him with a large bruise on his left hand, unlike the bruise on his other hand, which the administration had to address publicly. Trump has publicly attributed the bruising to shaking hands, but he is accustomed to using his right hand, not his left.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-158)
On January 29, 2026, shortly after the signing of Executive Order 14379[\[ws\]](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14379 "s:Executive Order 14379") "Addressing Addiction through the Great American Recovery Initiative", Trump and his cabinet dismissed news reporters from the Oval Office without an interview. Some social media users, including [Rebekah Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Jones "Rebekah Jones"), speculated that the press conference ended abruptly due to Trump defecating himself.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Snopes3Feb26-159)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HT31Jan26-160) These accusations cited an unidentified sound and apparent reactions from [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") and [Doug Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum")'s wife Kathryn heard and seen in *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*'s live coverage. In correspondence with *[Snopes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes "Snopes")*, White House spokesman [Steven Cheung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Cheung "Steven Cheung") denied the rumor that Trump had defecated at the event.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Snopes3Feb26-159)
On March 2, Trump was photographed with a dark red rash on his neck.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-161) Trump's physician [Sean Barbabella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Barbabella "Sean Barbabella") issued a statement saying that the president was using a medicated cream as a “preventative” treatment of the skin condition which was expected to last "a few weeks"; he did not explain the skin condition or disclose what the medication was.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-162)
On March 12, during at a White House gathering for [Women's History Month](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month "Women's History Month"), Trump referred to his current White House Press Secretary [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt") as "Kellyanne," appearing to mistake her for the former senior counselor from his first presidency [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway").[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-163)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)
## See also
- [Age and health concerns about Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden "Age and health concerns about Joe Biden")
- [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again")
- [Term limits in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_limits_in_the_United_States "Term limits in the United States")
## Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-142)** The standard MoCA asks the examinee to identify a [lion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion "Lion"), a [rhinoceros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros "Rhinoceros"), and a [camel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel "Camel").[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-PsychDB_MoCA-141)
## References
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-3)
Langer, Gary (July 11, 2024). ["Biden and Trump tied despite debate, as 67% call for president to drop out: POLL"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-age-campaign-poll/story?id=111825221). *[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250424091547/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-age-campaign-poll/story?id=111825221) from the original on April 24, 2025. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-7) [***i***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Renewed_scrutiny_2-8)
Kranish, Michael (July 22, 2024). ["Trump's age and health under renewed scrutiny after Biden's exit"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/22/trump-age-health/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240723001043/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/22/trump-age-health/) from the original on July 23, 2024.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Politico_Trump_Now_Old_3-0)**
Mathur, Anusha (September 24, 2024). ["Trump Is Now the 'Old' Candidate. It Might Matter"](https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/24/mathur-age-attacks-listicle-00174375). *Politico*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250226191224/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/24/mathur-age-attacks-listicle-00174375) from the original on February 26, 2025. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
4. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYT_Reignite_4-5)
[Baker, Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Baker_\(journalist\) "Peter Baker (journalist)"); Freedman, Dylan (October 6, 2024). ["Trump's Speeches, Increasingly Angry and Rambling, Reignite the Question of Age"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/06/us/politics/trump-speeches-age-cognitive-decline.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250502191740/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/06/us/politics/trump-speeches-age-cognitive-decline.html) from the original on May 2, 2025. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-5)**
Applebaum, Anne (July 22, 2024). ["Suddenly Trump Looks Older and More Deranged"](https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/07/trump-looks-older-and-more-deranged/679186/). *The Atlantic*. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-6)**
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Ashley Soebroto (August 30, 2025). ["Social media speculated that President Trump was dead. It's not true"](https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/article/trump-dead-social-media-trend-21023168.php). *Houston Chronicle*. [Houston Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Chronicle "Houston Chronicle"). Retrieved September 1, 2025. "Reports also were fueled by an interview Wednesday with USA Today in which Vice President JD Vance said that although the 79-year-old president was in good health, he was prepared to take over the role of commander in chief should a 'terrible tragedy' strike. 'Yes, terrible tragedies happen,' Vance said to USA Today. 'But I feel very confident the president of the United States is in good shape, is going to serve out the remainder of his term and do great things for the American people. And if, God forbid, there's a terrible tragedy, I can't think of better on-the-job training than what I've gotten over the last 200 days.'"
131. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-131)**
Rogers, Katie (September 2, 2025). ["President Trump Is Alive. The Internet Was Convinced Otherwise"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/02/us/politics/trump-health-bruise-conspiracies.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
132. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-132)**
Ty Roush (August 30, 2025). ["'Is Trump Dead?' Rumors Debunked As Trump Seen Leaving For Golf"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2025/08/30/is-trump-dead-rumors-debunked-as-trump-seen-leaving-for-golf/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved September 1, 2025. "President Donald Trump on Saturday was photographed leaving for his golf course in Virginia, dispelling rumors spread on social media that Trump had died in recent days after not being seen publicly."
133. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-133)**
James Bickerton (August 30, 2025). ["Trump Pictured Heading to Play Golf After Baseless Viral Death Speculation"](https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-playing-golf-baseless-viral-death-rumors-2122068). [Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek"). Retrieved September 1, 2025. "\[Updated Sep 01, 2025 at 10:46 AM EDT\]"
134. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-134)**
Donald Trump (August 31, 2025). ["Great playing Golf with Jon Gruden — A really nice guy, and true character!"](https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115124166787814415). [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social"). Retrieved September 1, 2025 – via [Roll Call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_Call "Roll Call").
135. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-135)**
Banerjee, Shamik (September 1, 2025). ["When did Trump play golf with Jon Gruden? Photo sparks row amid health speculations"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/when-did-donald-trump-play-golf-with-jon-gruden-photo-sparks-row-amid-health-speculations-101756671258299.html). Hindustan Times. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
136. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-136)**
Kate Plummer (September 1, 2025). ["Donald Trump Posting Week-Old Photo Raises Eyebrows Amid Health Speculation"](https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-health-photos-2122478). [Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek"). Retrieved September 1, 2025.
137. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-137)**
Multiple sources.
- Chris Truax (August 1, 2025). ["Trump's mental decline is undeniable — so what now?"](https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/5429516-trump-confabulation-dementia-signs/). *[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)")*. Retrieved September 1, 2025. "(...) If you aren't comfortable with labeling this as dementia, that's fine. But there is no question that the president — the man tasked with making critical life and death decisions for both the country and the world — is struggling with mathematical concepts, has vivid "memories" that are not rooted in reality and has an increasingly foggy grasp of past events that did happen. That's not a medical diagnosis. These are facts we can see for ourselves and we all know, even those of us who voted for Trump three times, that this can't be allowed to continue. (...)"
- Adam Gabbatt (August 3, 2025). ["'He has trouble completing a thought': bizarre public appearances again cast doubt on Trump's mental acuity. Joe Biden was hounded for his age-related gaffes, but Trump's increasingly strange behavior has largely been ignored"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/03/donald-trump-mental-fitness). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved September 1, 2025. "(...) The abrupt changes in conversation are an example of Trump "digressing without thinking – he'll just switch topics without self-regulation, without having a coherent narrative", said Harry Segal, a senior lecturer in the psychology department at Cornell University and in the psychiatry department at Weill Cornell Medicine. (...) The White House removed official transcripts of Trump's remarks from its website in May, claiming it was part of an effort to "maintain consistency". It is worth reading Trump's remarks in full, however, to get a sense of how the president speaks on a day-to-day basis. (...)"
- Harry Mok (August 7, 2025). ["Is Trump getting a pass on his mental decline?"](https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/article/trump-biden-journalists-20805777.php). [San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle"). Retrieved September 1, 2025. "How should journalists do their jobs when there are suspicions or signs that presidents and other elected officials are losing it? That's what UC Berkeley journalism professor Edward Wasserman focuses on in his Open Forum on Thursday."
- Rex Huppke (August 11, 2025). ["Nobody knows what Trump is talking about anymore and no one seems to care. Opinion"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2025/08/11/trump-dc-crime-national-guard-putin-us/85614586007/). [USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today"). Retrieved September 1, 2025. "For starters, on two occasions, Trump told reporters he will be meeting later this week with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Russia. The meeting will be held in Alaska."
- Shweta Kukreti (August 30, 2025). ["Psychologists raise alarm over Donald Trump's 'worsening' health, cite signs of serious brain disorder"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/psychologists-raise-alarm-over-trumps-worsening-health-citing-signs-of-serious-brain-disorder-101756204813473.html). [Hindustan Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Times "Hindustan Times"). Retrieved September 1, 2025. "Two psychologists \[Dr. Harry Segal and Dr. John Gartner\] have warned that Trump shows signs of dementia, specifically frontotemporal dementia, linked to deteriorating psychomotor functioning."
138. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-baldrumors_138-0)**
Mitra, Anwesha (September 1, 2025). ["'Trump seems bald from medical treatment,' unrecogniable new images of US president raise questions"](https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/us-news/trump-seems-bald-from-medical-treatment-unrecognisable-new-images-of-us-president-raise-questions/3963937/). *financialexpress.com*. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
139. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Mitra_2025_139-0)**
Mitra, Anwesha (September 1, 2025). ["'Trump had an ischemic stroke this week': Conspiracy theories allege White House cover-up after 'death' rumours"](https://www.financialexpress.com/trending/trump-had-an-ischemic-stroke-this-week-conspiracy-theories-allege-white-house-cover-up-after-death-rumours/3963525/). *[The Financial Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Financial_Express_\(India\) "The Financial Express (India)")*. [Indian Express Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Express_Limited "Indian Express Limited"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250901220023/https://www.financialexpress.com/trending/trump-had-an-ischemic-stroke-this-week-conspiracy-theories-allege-white-house-cover-up-after-death-rumours/3963525/) from the original on September 1, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
140. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-140)**
Das Biswas, Shuvrajit (September 12, 2025). ["Trump's 'droopy' face at 9/11 event renews health concerns: 'What's wrong with him?'"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/donald-trumps-droopy-face-at-9-11-event-renews-health-concerns-what-s-wrong-with-him-101757626581778.html). *Hindustan Times*. Retrieved September 15, 2025.
141. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-PsychDB_MoCA_141-0)**
["Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)"](https://www.psychdb.com/cognitive-testing/moca). *PsychDB*. December 17, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
142. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-143)**
Demianyk, Graeme (October 27, 2025). ["Trump Ripped For Bragging About Passing Dementia Test"](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-iq-dementia-test-aoc-crockett_n_68ff9fade4b0fb1b9515815e). *[HuffPost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost "HuffPost")*. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
143. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-144)**
Walker, Josephine (October 11, 2025). ["Trump's second checkup describes "exceptional health""](https://www.axios.com/2025/10/11/trump-health-annual-exam-hand-bruising). *Axios*. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
144. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-145)**
Dean, Sarah; Richards, Zoë (October 9, 2025). ["Trump to get a 'routine yearly' medical check-up — his second in 6 months"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-get-routine-yearly-medical-check-second-6-months-rcna236538). *[NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News")*. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
145. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MoCA2025_146-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MoCA2025_146-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MoCA2025_146-2)
Bjornson, Greta (October 28, 2025). ["Donald Trump Confuses Dementia Screening for 'Very Hard' IQ Test as He Brags About Results"](https://people.com/donald-trump-mistakes-dementia-screening-for-iq-test-11837935). *[People.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People.com "People.com")*. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
146. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-147)**
Lotz, Avery (October 27, 2025). ["Trump underwent previously undisclosed MRI during Walter Reed visit"](https://www.axios.com/2025/10/27/trump-mri-health-walter-reed-visit). [Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)").
147. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-148)**
Ferguson, Malcolm (October 27, 2025). ["Trump Brags About Taking Dementia Test as Shutdown Has No End in Sight"](https://newrepublic.com/post/202291/trump-dementia-test-shutdown). *[The New Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Republic "The New Republic")*. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
148. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-149)**
["Trump wanders off during walk with Japanese Prime Minister"](https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/news/donald-trump-japan-prime-minister-wanders-b2853874.html). The Independent. October 28, 2025. Retrieved October 28, 2025.
149. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-150)**
Tisdall, Simon (November 2, 2025). ["President JD Vance or Marco Rubio? We're seeing the first signs of the battle over Trump's succession"](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/nov/02/president-jd-vance-marco-rubio-leader-us). *The Guardian*. Retrieved February 25, 2026.
150. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-151)**
Blake, Aaron (December 4, 2025). ["Trump said he was 'sharper than I was 25 years ago.' Then he spent an hour appearing to doze off – again"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/02/politics/sleep-trump-biden). CNN. Retrieved December 10, 2025.
151. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-152)**
Koplowitz, Howard (December 5, 2025). ["Trump showing signs he's battling major medical crisis, Democrat claims"](https://www.al.com/politics/2025/12/trump-showing-signs-hes-battling-major-medical-crisis-democrat-claims.html). al.com. Retrieved December 10, 2025.
152. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-153)**
Downer, Adam (January 1, 2026). ["Sick and Sleepy Trump, 79, Is Begging Staff for Easier Schedule"](https://www.thedailybeast.com/sick-and-sleepy-trump-79-is-begging-staff-for-easier-schedule/). The Daily Beast. Retrieved January 1, 2026.
153. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-154)**
Linskey, Annie; [Dawsey, Josh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Dawsey "Josh Dawsey"); McGraw, Meredith (January 1, 2026). ["As Signs of Aging Emerge, Trump Responds With Defiance"](https://www.wsj.com/us-news/as-signs-of-aging-emerge-trump-responds-with-defiance-769c5dcd). [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal"). Retrieved January 1, 2026.
154. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-155)**
Ward, Jasper (January 1, 2026). ["Trump tells WSJ he is taking more aspirin than doctors recommend"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-tells-wsj-he-is-taking-more-aspirin-than-doctors-recommend-2026-01-01/). Reuters. Retrieved January 1, 2026.
155. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-156)**
["Democrats hammer Trump over Greenland-Nobel letter: 'Unhinged and embarrassing'"](https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5695808-democrats-slam-trump-greenland-letter/). *The Hill*. Retrieved January 19, 2026.
156. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-157)**
["'Trump's Health Is Getting Worse' — Top Doctor Highlights Prez's Medical Troubles as 'Dementia' Rumors Intensify"](https://www.aol.com/articles/trumps-health-getting-worse-top-182106716.html). *Aol*. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
157. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-158)**
Stunson, Mike (January 22, 2026). ["Purple Bruise Appears On Trump's Left Hand After Similar Marks On Right Hand"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikestunson/2026/01/22/purple-bruise-appears-on-trumps-left-hand-after-similar-marks-on-right-hand/). *Forbes.com*. Retrieved January 22, 2026.
158. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Snopes3Feb26_159-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Snopes3Feb26_159-1)
Esposito, Joey (February 3, 2026). ["Did Trump poop himself during executive order signing? Rumor isn't backed up by credible evidence"](https://www.snopes.com/news/2026/02/02/trump-poop-executive-order/). *[Snopes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes "Snopes")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
159. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-HT31Jan26_160-0)**
Bajaj, Yash Nitish (January 31, 2026). ["'Trump pooped his pants...': Climate activist's big claim after Oval Event ends abruptly"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/trump-pooped-his-pants-climate-activists-big-claim-after-oval-event-ends-abruptly-101769805884560.html). *[Hindustan Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Times "Hindustan Times")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
160. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-161)**
Tomazin, Farrah (March 2, 2026). ["Trump, 79, displays worrying new skin condition"](https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/ar-AA1Xnsyi). The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 2, 2026.
161. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-162)**
Cameron, Chris (March 2, 2026). ["Latest Question on Trump's Health: What Is That Neck Rash?"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/02/us/politics/trump-rash-neck.html). The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2026.
162. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-163)**
Abravanel, Lesley (March 13, 2026). ["'Grandpa' Donald Trump Confuses Karoline Leavitt for Ex-Staffer Kellyanne Conway as Dementia Rumors Swirl"](https://okmagazine.com/p/donald-trump-confuses-karoline-leavitt-kellyanne-conway-dementia/). OK! Magazine. Retrieved March 15, 2026.
163. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-164)**
Singh, Dimple (March 15, 2026). ["Fact-Check: Is Trump Sick? Viral Video Of White House Speech Mix-Up Sparks Health Concerns"](https://www.timesnownews.com/world/us/us-news/is-donald-trump-sick-viral-video-of-white-house-speech-mix-up-sparks-health-concerns-article-153841038). Times Now. Retrieved March 16, 2026.
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump "Template:Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump "Template talk:Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump")[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | |
|---|---|
| [45th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") (2017–2021) and [47th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") (2025–present) [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
| Life and politics | |
| | |
| [Early life and education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_education_of_Donald_Trump "Early life and education of Donald Trump") [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace") [Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas "Shield of the Americas") ([United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")) [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)")* [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors and awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Makeup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeup_of_Donald_Trump "Makeup of Donald Trump") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Relationship to fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Relationship to antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of political endorsements by Donald Trump") [False or misleading statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") [first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [between terms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(between_terms\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (between terms)") [second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)") [promotion of conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump "Timeline of protests against Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Age and health concerns]() [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") | |
| [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") | [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [business projects in Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") |
| [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") | [2016 Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [July 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [raised-fist photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks") [September 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Routh "Ryan Routh") |
| [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") | |
| | |
| Children | [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Tiffany Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") [Barron Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") |
| [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") (wife) [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") (father) [Mary Anne MacLeod Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump "Mary Anne MacLeod Trump") (mother) [Maryanne Trump Barry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry "Maryanne Trump Barry") (sister) [Fred Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr.") (brother) [Robert Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trump "Robert Trump") (brother) [Frederick Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Trump "Frederick Trump") (grandfather) [Elizabeth Christ Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump "Elizabeth Christ Trump") (grandmother) [John G. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Trump "John G. Trump") (uncle) [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump") (niece) [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III") (nephew) [John W. Walter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Walter "John W. Walter") (cousin) | |
| Campaigns | |
| | |
| [2000 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") "[Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again")" [hat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again#MAGA_hat "Make America Great Again") [Republican opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Accountability "Republican Accountability") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Mitt Romney speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech "Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* recording](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") "[Kamala is for they/them](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them "Kamala is for they/them")" (attack ad) [Trump Bible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible "God Bless the U.S.A. Bible") "[God Bless the U.S.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A. "God Bless the U.S.A.")" (campaign song) "[Y.M.C.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y.M.C.A._\(song\) "Y.M.C.A. (song)")" (campaign song) | |
| [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Links between campaign officials and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") | [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") [Tulsa rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tulsa_Trump_rally "2020 Tulsa Trump rally") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [attempts to overturn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro#Legal_work "Kenneth Chesebro") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") |
| [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| Legal affairs | [FBI investigation into handling of government documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") [Gulf of Mexico naming controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico_naming_controversy "Gulf of Mexico naming controversy") [New York investigations of the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [civil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization") [criminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization#Criminal_investigation "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") *[Carroll v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump")* [*Trump v. United States* (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") State prosecutions [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") Federal prosecution [classified documents case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [election obstruction case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Trump mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States "Trump v. United States")* |
| Related | [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") "[Best Sex I've Ever Had](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Sex_I%27ve_Ever_Had "Best Sex I've Ever Had")" [Trump dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_dance "Trump dance") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [in music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music "Donald Trump in music") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [85-15 Wareham Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump#Queens "Residences of Donald Trump") [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") [penthouse apartment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_penthouse_of_Donald_Trump "Trump Tower penthouse of Donald Trump") [Bedminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster") [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") *[The Visionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visionary "The Visionary")* [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") Social media [media use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [Feud with Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud "Trump–Musk feud") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") *[Real News Update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_News_Update "Real News Update")* *[covfefe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covfefe "Covfefe")* [Donald J. Trump State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_State_Park "Donald J. Trump State Park") [Nicknames used](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Trump Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Force_One "Trump Force One") [Trump derangement syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") [Fort Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Trump "Fort Trump") [Official portraits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump "Official portraits of Donald Trump") Support groups [Bikers for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikers_for_Trump "Bikers for Trump") [Blacks for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_the_Black_Man "Michael the Black Man") [Black Voices for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Voices_for_Trump "Black Voices for Trump") [Gays for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Trump "Gays for Trump") [Trumpettes USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpettes_USA "Trumpettes USA") [Women for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_for_Trump "Women for Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [Wikipedia coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump "Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump") |
| **[← Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")** **[← Joe Biden →](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden")**  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump "Category:Donald Trump") | |
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Age and health concerns about Donald Trump
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| Readable Markdown | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_Too_Old_poll.png)
A 2024 poll by [Ipsos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsos "Ipsos") indicated increased concern about Trump's age and fitness for office between 2023 and 2024.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_oversees_Operation_Epic_Fury_at_Mar-a-Lago_\(55124355922\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in March 2026
At 79 years old, [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), the 45th and 47th [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States"), became the oldest person in American history to become president upon [his second inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") in 2025. In July 2024, five weeks after his 78th birthday, he became the oldest presidential nominee of a major party.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_Trump_Now_Old-3) Should he serve as president until at least August 15, 2028, he would be the oldest sitting president in American history. On January 20, 2029, the end of his second term, he would be 82 years, seven months, and six days old.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-6)
Since the early days of [Trump's 2016 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign"), his physical and mental health have been debated. Trump was 70 years old when he first took office, surpassing [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") as the [oldest person to assume the presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-7) Trump's age, weight, lifestyle, and history of [heart disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease "Heart disease") raised questions about his physical health.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Some [psychiatrists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatrists "Psychiatrists") and reporters have speculated that Trump may have [mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health "Mental health") impairments, such as [dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia "Dementia") (which [his father](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") had) or [narcissistic personality disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder "Narcissistic personality disorder").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) Such claims have prompted discussion about the ethics and applicability of the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"), which prohibits mental health professionals from publicly diagnosing or discussing the diagnosis of public figures without their consent and direct examination.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-10) Public opinion polling from July 2024 indicated an increase in the percentage of Americans concerned about his fitness for a second term.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140852-11)
[Trump's 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") refused to release basic medical records on Trump's health for a significant period, with the most recent release being in 2015.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MSNBC_22-12)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baumgaertner-2024-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schneid-2024-14)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Alba-2024-15) A number of official reports have since been made, concluding that Trump was in "excellent health" and "fully fit" to serve as president.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-16) Overall concerns have nonetheless continued to abound throughout his second presidency, with both Trump insiders and outside critics directly discussing supposed health risks and their future impacts,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CockburnJan26-17) up to and including a [presidential succession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession "United States presidential line of succession") by Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-19)
Background and lifestyle
Coverage of Trump's mental acuity has generated discussion of whether the media has been "[sanewashing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanewashing "Sanewashing")" Trump by selecting more coherent clips or quotes from his speeches that give a false impression of mental acuity without balancing that coverage by also focusing on the parts of his speeches that might raise concerns about his mental fitness to be president.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-23)
As of 2018, Trump does [not drink alcohol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teetotalism "Teetotalism");[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-time-20180117-24) this decision arose in part from watching his older brother [Fred Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr.") suffer from alcoholism that contributed to his early death in 1981.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nytimesalc-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-26) He also said that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed drugs, including [marijuana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_\(drug\) "Cannabis (drug)").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-27)
Trump, in his personal life, subscribes to the fringe and pseudoscientific view of **battery theory**, positing that a human is born with only a finite amount of energy, which is depleted by physical activity.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-28) Trump therefore avoids most types of exercise [apart from golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") in the belief that this would cause him to die sooner.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-30) The concept has been widely debunked by mainstream medical science.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thomson_10/2/2025-31)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-33)
2016 presidential campaign (2015–2016)
In December 2015, Trump's personal physician, [Harold Bornstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bornstein "Harold Bornstein"), released a letter praising Trump for "extraordinary physical strength and stamina". The letter asserted that Trump would be "the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency" and said that a recent medical exam yielded "only positive results".[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-34) Before Bornstein's death in 2021, he told CNN that Trump had dictated the entire letter.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-35) The language used was in Trump's style and not typical of a medical doctor; in particular, the American journalist [Kurt Eichenwald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Eichenwald "Kurt Eichenwald") noted that [positive test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_test "Positive test") results do not necessarily mean a favorable outcome for the patient.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-36) A follow-up medical report by Bornstein claimed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid functions were within the normal range, and that he takes a [statin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statin "Statin"). At 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and 236 pounds (107 kg), Trump's [body mass index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index "Body mass index") of 29.5 registered on the higher end of [overweight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweight "Overweight") BMIs.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-39)
During the [2016 Republican Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries"), presidential candidate and primary opponent [Jeb Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb_Bush "Jeb Bush") speculated in February 2016 that Trump had mental health issues, stating, "I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but the guy needs therapy."[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-41)
First presidency and 2020 presidential campaign (2017–2020)
2017
The "[Duty to Warn](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duty_to_Warn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Duty to Warn (page does not exist)")" movement was founded by medical professionals concerned about Trump's cognitive health in his first year in office.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Milligan-2024-42)
In 2016 and 2017, a number of psychiatrists and [clinical psychologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_psychology "Clinical psychology") faced criticism for violating the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"); despite having never examined him, they maintained that Donald Trump displayed "an assortment of [personality problems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder "Personality disorder"), including [grandiosity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiosity "Grandiosity"), a lack of [empathy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy "Empathy"), and '[malignant narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_narcissism "Malignant narcissism")'", and that he had a "dangerous mental illness".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Carey2016-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-goldwatertrump-44)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-LeeUSAToday-45)
In 2017, psychologist [John Gartner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gartner_\(psychologist\) "John Gartner (psychologist)") collected more than 41,000 signatures of mental health professionals on a petition, directed to then-Senate Minority Leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Willingham-2017-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) The petition asserted that Trump suffered from a serious mental illness and was "psychologically incapable of competently discharging the duties" of the presidency. Gartner asserted that Trump's mental handicaps are a mix of [narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism "Narcissism"), [paranoia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia "Paranoia"), [sociopathy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopathy "Sociopathy"), and [sadism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder "Sadistic personality disorder").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Willingham-2017-46)
In February 2017, psychiatrist [Allen Frances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Frances "Allen Frances") wrote a letter to the editor of *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* regarding Trump and [narcissistic personality disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder "Narcissistic personality disorder"). Frances said, "I wrote the criteria that define this disorder, and Mr. Trump doesn't meet them."[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-49) According to the American Psychiatric Association, "saying that a person does not have an illness is also a professional opinion."[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-50)
On April 14, 2017, Representatives [Jamie Raskin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Raskin "Jamie Raskin") and [Earl Blumenauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Blumenauer "Earl Blumenauer") introduced the [Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_Commission_on_Presidential_Capacity_Act "Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-51) The bill, if passed, would have allowed Congress, by a [concurrent resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_resolution "Concurrent resolution"), to require an 11-member commission to conduct an examination of the president and report the findings.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Marcos-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-53)
In April 2017, [forensic psychiatrist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_psychiatrist "Forensic psychiatrist") [Bandy X. Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy_X._Lee "Bandy X. Lee") hosted a meeting at Yale University medical school regarding the ethics of discussing Trump's mental health.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In October 2017, Lee published *[The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dangerous_Case_of_Donald_Trump "The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump")*, containing essays from 27 psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health professionals on the "clear and present danger" that Trump's mental health poses to the "nation and individual well being". They argued that the president's issues affected the mental health of the United States population,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-56) and that he placed the country at grave risk of war because of his pathological traits.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57) They asserted that Trump exhibited narcissistic personality disorder, "extreme present [hedonism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonism "Hedonism")", and bullying.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) [Carlos Lozada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Lozada_\(journalist\) "Carlos Lozada (journalist)"), writing for *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*, considered these conclusions "compelling", but also noted that the book contributors were writing from their own political perspectives and that other mental health professionals held differing views.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9) Lee and others contended that Trump's presidency represented an emergency allowing, or even requiring, psychiatrists to make an exception to the APA's [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule#Donald_Trump "Goldwater rule"), which holds that it is unethical for members of the APA to give professional opinions about public figures without having examined them in person and without having obtained their [consent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consent "Consent").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-58)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57) Proponents of such an exception have asserted that there is [precedent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarasoff_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California "Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California") in allowing psychiatrists to speak out when someone presents a [clear and present danger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger "Clear and present danger").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-IsTrump-9)
In September 2017, Jeanne Suk Gerson wrote in *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")*: "A strange consensus does appear to be forming around Trump's mental state", including Democrats and Republicans who doubt Trump's fitness for office.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_Yorker-57)
Also in September 2017, journalist [Bill Moyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers "Bill Moyers") interviewed psychiatrist [Robert Jay Lifton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Jay_Lifton "Robert Jay Lifton") and said that Trump "makes increasingly bizarre statements that are contradicted by irrefutable evidence to the contrary". Lifton replied, "He doesn't have clear contact with reality, though I'm not sure it qualifies as a *bona fide* [delusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion "Delusion")." As an example, Lifton said, when Trump claimed that [former president Barack Obama was born in Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"), "he was manipulating that lie as well as undoubtedly believing it in part."[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-59)
In September 2017, psychiatrist [Jeffrey Lieberman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Lieberman "Jeffrey Lieberman") published an article commenting on Donald Trump's mental health. He said that, in accordance with the [Goldwater rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule "Goldwater rule"), no diagnosis should be made of public figures, but also stated that assessing the president's fitness for government should not be left to politicians alone. He arrived at a diagnosis of "[incipient dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incipient_dementia "Incipient dementia")",[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-60) but faced no sanctions from the APA.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-61)
2018
In 2018, Trump dismissed then-prevalent questions regarding his mental health, stating that he is a "very stable genius".[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_1-6-18-62) As evidence of his mental capacities, he pointed to his business success, his victory over Republican competitors, and his election to the presidency against [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-63) Trump has also disputed claims he couldn't remember the name of a fallen soldier while talking to the widow, stating he has "one of the great memories of all time".[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-64)
In January 2018, Trump was examined by White House physician [Ronny Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronny_Jackson "Ronny Jackson"), who stated that he was in excellent health, although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended,[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-time-20180117-24) and that his cardiac assessment revealed no medical issues.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-65) Several independent cardiologists commented that Trump's weight, lifestyle, and [LDL cholesterol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein "Low-density lipoprotein") ought to have raised serious concerns about his cardiac health.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nyt-20180117-66) Trump's 2018 [coronary CT calcium scan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_CT_calcium_scan "Coronary CT calcium scan") score indicates he has a form of heart disease called [coronary artery disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease "Coronary artery disease"), which is common for white males at his age.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-67)
In January 2018, after North Korea's leader [Kim Jong Un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un "Kim Jong Un") and Trump publicly exchanged claims about their respective "nuclear buttons", [Richard Painter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Painter "Richard Painter"), a former adviser to President [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush"), deemed Trump "psychologically unfit" and supported transferring his powers to Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") under the [25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_1-6-18-62) In April 2018, *Vanity Fair* reported that Trump's advisers "worry about his mental health" when he is outside the controls available in the White House environment.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-69)
In response to speculation about his cognitive abilities, Trump voluntarily took the [Montreal Cognitive Assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment "Montreal Cognitive Assessment") (MoCA) as part of his January 2018 health checkup. He reported receiving a score of 30/30, indicating a normal level of cognitive function, although the results have not been released.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Critics have contended that the MoCA test is too basic to diagnose the problems asserted.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kolata-70)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hamblin-71) Trump used the phrase "[person, woman, man, camera, TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person,_woman,_man,_camera,_TV "Person, woman, man, camera, TV")" several times during a July 2020 [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") interview with [Marc Siegel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Siegel "Marc Siegel"), a professor of medicine at [New York University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University "New York University"),[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WaPo-73) while describing part of the 2018 MoCA test and praising his own performance on it.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-defend-74) Trump has not publicly revealed the results of any subsequent cognitive tests but, as late as 2024, continued to praise his performance in the 2018 cognitive test.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Confuses_Ronny_Jackson's_Name-75) [Ziad Nasreddine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziad_Nasreddine "Ziad Nasreddine"), the [neurologist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology "Neurology") who created the test, noted that 2018 results would be too outdated to be relevant in 2024.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2)
2019
An academic consensus across multiple studies was made in 2019, characterizing Trump as having "very high [extraversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion "Extraversion and introversion"), very low [agreeableness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreeableness "Agreeableness"), [conscientiousness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness "Conscientiousness"), and [emotional stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equanimity "Equanimity"), and sky-high [narcissism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism "Narcissism")".[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nai_2021-76)
In 2019, amid continued speculation, the [American Psychiatric Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association "American Psychiatric Association") and [Alzheimer's Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_Society "Alzheimer's Society") requested that professionals other than Trump's doctors adhere to the Goldwater rule and refrain from giving armchair diagnoses of Trump.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-77)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-78) A growing number of individuals in academia have continued to call for a relaxation of the Goldwater rule.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nai_2021-76)
In February 2019, Trump was examined by White House physician [Sean Conley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Conley "Sean Conley"). Conley stated Trump was in "very good health overall", although Trump was now slightly clinically [obese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obese "Obese"), at 243 pounds (110 kg) with a BMI of 30.4.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN2019-79)
In a July 4, 2019, speech, Trump said that during the [American Revolutionary War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War "American Revolutionary War"), the [Continental Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army "Continental Army") "took over the airports" from the British (airplanes were not invented until 1903, 120 years after the war ended).[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-80)
2020
[Clinical psychologist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_psychologist "Clinical psychologist") [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump"), who is Trump's niece, published a book in 2020 identifying the disorders she believed him to have.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-81)
Trump appeared unsteady while walking down a ramp at the [United States Air Force Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy "United States Air Force Academy") on June 15, 2020. He also had difficulty raising a glass of water to his mouth. These episodes raised questions about his health.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-82)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Boards_Marine_One_\(50436803733\).jpg)
Trump boards [Marine One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_One "Marine One") for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") announcing [Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") following the [death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg "Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-kim26-83) According to a 2021 book by Trump's [Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows "Mark Meadows"), hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19"), although a subsequent test returned negative. Meadows recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guardian1dec21-84)
Trump later traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the [Harrisburg International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_International_Airport "Harrisburg International Airport") in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing") program.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-87) on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a [PCR test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction "Polymerase chain reaction") when he did a live phone interview on *[Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannity "Hannity")*.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-88) On October 2, 2020, Trump tweeted that he and his wife [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") had both tested positive for [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019"),[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-88) part of a White House outbreak.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-downplay-89)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-drug-90) Later that day, [Trump was hospitalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_COVID-19_infection "Donald Trump's COVID-19 infection") at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center"),[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-91) reportedly due to fever and labored breathing. He was treated with antivirals, an experimental antibody drug ([REGN-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REGN-COV2 "REGN-COV2")[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-92)), and a steroid. He returned to the White House on October 5, still infectious and unwell.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-downplay-89)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sicker-93) In 2021, it was revealed that his condition had been far more serious than he had previously indicated; he had dangerously low blood oxygen levels, a high fever, and lung infiltrates, indicating a severe case of COVID-19.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sicker-93)
Between presidencies and 2024 presidential campaign (2021–2024)
2021–2023
In 2022, *MSNBC* described Trump as "notoriously secretive about sharing his health records with the public" and "deliberately misleading and even dishonest about his health".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MSNBC_22-12)
In an incident in October 2023, Trump referred to Hungarian prime minister [Viktor Orbán](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n "Viktor Orbán") as "the leader of Turkey", and said that Orbán shares a border with Russia, which neither Turkey nor Hungary does.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-94)
2024
During his 2024 campaign, polls generally showed that a majority of Americans believed that Trump was too old to serve as president.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4) A February 2024 Ipsos poll finding that Joe Biden's age and health were major or moderate concerns for 86% of voters also found that 59% similarly thought Trump was too old to hold the office.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140852-11)
During the course of the 2024 primary campaign, Trump made several gaffes, including confusing [Nikki Haley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Haley "Nikki Haley") for [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi"), claiming he was running against [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") (the Democratic candidate at the time was Joe Biden), and fearing the nation may enter World War II.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-P00140503-95)
A shift in Trump's speeches by 2024 towards shorter sentences, more tangents, more repetition, more [all-or-nothing thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-or-nothing_thinking "All-or-nothing thinking"), and more confusion of words and phrases could indicate cognitive decline.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-30)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Boomeranging-96)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Basil Smikle of Columbia University argued in January 2024 that one reason Trump has not seen as much of the age criticism as Biden is that his rallies seem loud and vibrant, whereas Biden has a more old-school approach to politics.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Milligan-2024-42)
In January 2024, Dr. [Jay Olshansky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Jay_Olshansky "S. Jay Olshansky") gave Donald Trump less than a 75% chance of living through a second term based on publicly available information about his health.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-98) Also in January 2024, red spots or sores were spotted on Donald Trump's hands.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-100)
On June 14, 2024, Trump said that his longtime acquaintance [Joan Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Rivers "Joan Rivers") had told him that she had voted for him in the 2016 election, although Rivers had died in September 2014.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-101)
A few days later, on June 16, 2024, while praising his own performance on a cognitive test administered in 2018, Trump "confused the name of his former White House physician" who had administered the test.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_Confuses_Ronny_Jackson's_Name-75)
A July 2024 poll, taken shortly after the first presidential debate, found that 60% of voters saw Trump as too old for a second term.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1) This represented a steady and constant increase in voters polled by this pollster sharing this concern, and paralleled the progression of the larger number of voters who had the same concern about Biden.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_July_2024_poll-1)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_\(53910427147\)_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in July 2024
On July 13, 2024, Trump survived [an assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") while addressing a campaign rally near [Butler, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania "Butler, Pennsylvania").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-102) Trump was shot at[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-103) by [Thomas Crooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks"), a 20-year-old man from [Bethel Park, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania "Bethel Park, Pennsylvania"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-gunman_dead-104)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters-2024-2-105) who fired eight rounds with an [AR-15–style rifle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AR-15%E2%80%93style_rifle "AR-15–style rifle") from the roof of a building located approximately 400 feet (120 meters) from the stage.
According to the FBI, Trump was hit by a bullet,[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-z383-106) and injured in his upper right ear.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-107) He raised a hand to his ear before dropping down on his podium behind the [lectern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectern "Lectern") for cover.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-moment_shot-108)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-109)[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Watson-2024-110)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-111) Secret Service agents lunged toward Trump and shielded him. After the assailant was declared "down", agents helped Trump get up. Blood was visible on his ear and face. He asked the Secret Service agents to let him get his shoes.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters-2024-112) According to Trump, the agents "hit me so hard that my shoes fell off, and my shoes are tight."[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-New_York_Post-2024-113) As of October 12, 2024, none of the medical records pertaining to his wounds had been released.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-114)
In July 2024, psychologist Simon McCarthy-Jones of [Trinity College Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin "Trinity College Dublin") said in *[The Conversation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_\(website\) "The Conversation (website)")* that "the potential effect of the attempted assassination of Trump upon Trump's mental health – whether negligible, negative or positive – cannot be ignored". McCarthy-Jones stated that Trump being an [extrovert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion "Extraversion and introversion") might improve his ability to deal with the psychological impact of the event. However, he also asserted that "other personality traits, including low agreeableness, low conscientiousness and low emotional stability, also attributed to Trump, are associated with greater levels of [PTSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder "Post-traumatic stress disorder")", as are "high levels of narcissism", which can also "cause people to react to even limited threats with aggression".[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-115) On July 22, 2024, the *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* reported interviews with medical experts who believed Trump likely has an elevated genetic risk of dementia.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Renewed_scrutiny-2) Nephew [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III") said that he sees signs of the dementia that he saw in Trump's father, [Fred Trump Sr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8) who was diagnosed with [Alzheimer's disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease "Alzheimer's disease") in October 1991, at the age of 86, eight years before he died.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Nephew_Reveals-8)
In August 2024, Gabriel Sherman reported in *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")* suggestions that Trump was in fact "experiencing [trauma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_trauma "Psychological trauma") from his [near-death experience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-death_experience "Near-death experience")"; a campaign insider reportedly claimed that Trump was "watching that seven-second clip of how close he was to getting shot right in the head – over and over and over again".[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-116)
An August 2024 *[Morning Consult](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Consult "Morning Consult")* poll found that the number of respondents who thought Trump was too old to run jumped by seven percent, to 51%, from their previous poll once Trump's opponent changed from [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") to [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), and the number of respondents who thought Trump was in good health correspondingly fell by six percent.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Independent_8-7-24-117)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-118) The poll further reported that nearly 80% of respondents "were unsure he'd be up for serving a full second term".[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Independent_8-7-24-117) A [Marquette University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquette_University "Marquette University") poll released the same day reported that 57% of respondents felt that Trump was too old.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Boomeranging-96)
In September 2024, Trump said the audience "went crazy" for him at the presidential debate the preceding week, although the debate had no audience.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)
On October 6, 2024, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reported that Trump had maintained a far less active campaign schedule in 2024 than in 2016; the report added that Trump had held only 61 rallies through 2024, compared with 283 in all of 2016. In this same report, they analyzed Trump's speeches, writing, "with the passage of time, the 78-year-old former president's speeches have grown darker, harsher, longer, angrier, less focused, more profane and increasingly fixated on the past, according to a review of his public appearances over the years." The paper commented that Trump has lately seemed "confused, forgetful, incoherent or disconnected from reality" but that it does not get covered much because it is so common. It highlighted an average rally length of 82 minutes compared with 45 minutes in 2016, and a 13% increase in the use of all-or-nothing terms such as "always" and "never". It also found 32% more negative words than positive words compared with 21% in 2016, and a 69% increase in swear words. It cited experts who considered this increase in [tangential speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_speech "Tangential speech") and [behavioral disinhibition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition "Disinhibition") the potential result of advancing age and cognitive decline.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_Reignite-4)
As of October 12, 2024, Trump had declined to release health information going back to 2015 when he first started running for president, despite a promise he made in August 2024 to release records from a recent examination.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baumgaertner-2024-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schneid-2024-14) Releasing detailed medical reports is typical of presidential candidates.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Alba-2024-15)
Second presidency (2025–present)
2025
Between December 2024 and March 2025, bruises were spotted on multiple occasions on Trump's hands, which generated speculation about his health.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-121)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-122)
On April 13, 2025, three months after [Trump's second inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump"), the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") released the results of his [physical examination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination "Physical examination") conducted at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center") by [White House Physician](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Physician "White House Physician") Dr. [Sean Barbabella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Barbabella "Sean Barbabella").[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_records_released-123)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_results_released-124) The neurological exam included the [Montreal Cognitive Assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment "Montreal Cognitive Assessment") test (MoCA).[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Medical_records_released-123) The report revealed that Trump had at one time had [cataract surgery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract_surgery "Cataract surgery"). His reported height was 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) and his weight was 224 pounds (102 kg). It mentioned scarring on his right ear from a bullet wound and his "frequent victories in [golf events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf")".[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-2025exam-125)
In July 2025, [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt"), the [White House press secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary "White House Press Secretary"), stated that Trump had been diagnosed with [chronic venous insufficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_venous_insufficiency "Chronic venous insufficiency"). Trump's physician, Dr. Barbabella, wrote in a statement that bruising on Trump's right hand was attributed to his use of [aspirin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin "Aspirin") and [frequent hand-shaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-126) It was later noted, however, that vascular tests confirmed that Trump in fact had swelling in his legs at the time of his diagnosis.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-127) Large bruises continued to appear on Trump's hands in August 2025.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-128)
On August 27, 2025, Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") stated that he was ready to become president; this led to speculation that Trump was seriously ill or dead.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-129)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-131) That day, he was seen leaving for golf,[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-132)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-133) but a photo which Trump shared of himself on August 31 was determined to have potentially been taken on August 23, fueling further speculation of continuing health concerns.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-134)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-135)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-136) Increased discussion about his mental health occurred in August.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-137) A photograph of Trump leaving the White House on September 1 confirmed he was still alive, but led to more speculation about his health due to seeming changes in his appearance.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-baldrumors-138) Theories alleging that Trump suffered an ischemic [stroke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke "Stroke") grew following the photos' release; Trump disputed suggestions that he suffered ill health, asserting that he "never felt better in \[his\] life" in an all-caps [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") post.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Mitra_2025-139) On September 11, during a [9/11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11 "9/11") commemoration at [the Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon"), the right side of Trump's face was said to droop down heavily, once again sparking concerns of a stroke.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-140)
On taking the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
> We have a great group of people, which [they](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") don't. They have [Jasmine Crockett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett "Jasmine Crockett") — a low IQ person. They have, uh... [AOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOC "AOC") is low IQ. You give her an IQ test... have her pass the exams I decided to take when I was at Walter Reed. I took... Those are very hard, uh... They're really aptitude test, I guess, in a certain way, but they're cognitive tests. Let AOC go against Trump. Let Jasmine go against Trump. I don't think Jasmine... The first couple questions are easy — a [tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger "Tiger"), an [elephant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant "Elephant"), a [giraffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffe "Giraffe"), you know.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-142) When you get up to five or six, and then when you get up to ten, and twenty, and twenty-five — they couldn't come close to answering any of those questions."
On October 10, Trump received another visit to Walter Reed. Leavitt described the visit as a "routine yearly checkup", despite it being Trump's second at the facility in a six-month-period.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-144)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-145) Dr. Barbabella did not elaborate on the imaging or "preventive assessments" that he performed, but added that Trump's laboratory results were "exceptional," and that his cardiac age is "approximately 14 years younger than his chronological age."[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)
On October 27, Trump told reporters that he had undergone an undisclosed [MRI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI "MRI") scan during a previous visit to Walter Reed, which, despite his claim that it gave "some of the best reports for the age" and "some of the best reports they've ever seen", led to further speculation about his health due to the undisclosed nature of why he had the procedure done.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-147) Trump also bragged about his taking of the MoCA test, again misidentifying the [screening assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening_\(medicine\) "Screening (medicine)") for detecting [cognitive impairment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment "Cognitive impairment") as a "very hard \[...\] IQ test" and claiming that younger Democratic political opponents do not have the intelligence to pass it.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-148) Whether a third MoCA test was conducted during the October visit or if Trump was referring to his April 2025 and/or January 2018 assessments was not clarified.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoCA2025-146)
On October 28, new concerns about Trump's mental state emerged when a video emerged of him wandering off while walking alongside [Sanae Takaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi "Sanae Takaichi"), the first female prime minister of Japan, while at [Akasaka Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akasaka_Palace "Akasaka Palace") in [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-149)
On November 2, [Simon Tisdall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Tisdall "Simon Tisdall") alleged in *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* that "the first signs of the battle over Trump's succession" were now showing, stating that Trump's Vice President J.D. Vance will be "President JD Vance" by the time of the 2028 U.S. presidential election, and describing "President JD Vance or Marco Rubio" as the current frontrunners to run for the Republican nomination in 2028.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-150)
On December 2, Trump appeared to fall asleep during a Cabinet meeting, which prompted additional concerns over his health.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-151) California representative [Sydney Kamlager-Dove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Kamlager-Dove "Sydney Kamlager-Dove") speculated in response that Trump was taking [Leqembi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecanemab "Lecanemab"), used to treat Alzheimer's, stating that his MRI, hand bruises, and apparent drowsiness aligned with the drug's side effects.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-152)
2026
On January 1, 2026, *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* described Trump as "sick and sleepy," noting his recent history of dozing during public appearances and a recent report revealing how he was requesting to now attend "fewer, more important meetings.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-153) Trump would also concede in an interview with *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")* that he was now taking a larger dosage of aspirin and ignoring medical advice.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-154)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-155)
[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") described Trump's diet as "unhinged" and highly unhealthy in a January interview. Kennedy claimed the president ate high-price premium meals when living at [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") or the White House, but switched to a heavy diet of fast food and candy when travelling. The president apparently had a preference for [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's") and other major American chains, as he considered corporate restaurants more trustworthy. Kennedy concluded that Trump would need an inhuman constitution to maintain such a lifestyle, stating "I don't know how he's alive, but he is".[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CockburnJan26-17)
The [Greenland Crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_Crisis "Greenland Crisis") has brought particular attention to Trump's fitness and stability regarding his international conduct. Following the publicizing of the "[Dear Jonas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Jonas "Dear Jonas")" letter, in which Trump demanded "complete and total control of Greenland" and cited his perceived snub of the [2025 Nobel Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") as a deciding factor in his escalation of the crisis, Democratic lawmakers widely questioned Trump's mental fitness for office. Senator [Andy Kim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kim "Andy Kim") of New Jersey described it as "unhinged and embarrassing", and [Chris Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Murphy "Chris Murphy"), a member of the [Senate Foreign Affairs Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Affairs_Committee "Senate Foreign Affairs Committee"), as "the ramblings of a man who has lost touch with reality".[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-156) [Vin Gupta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_Gupta_\(pulmonologist\) "Vin Gupta (pulmonologist)"), the medical analyst for NBC News, said the letter "crossed a line of proper adult behavior" and should have had a "more thorough public assessment of his neurological fitness," stating that Trump's behavior including his letter to Støre could be signs of early [Alzheimer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease "Alzheimer's disease") or [frontotemporal dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontotemporal_dementia "Frontotemporal dementia").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-157)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20260312JB-1149_\(cropped\).jpg)
Trump in March 2026
On January 22, 2026, Trump spoke before world leaders at a summit in [Davos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davos "Davos"), and photographers captured photos of him with a large bruise on his left hand, unlike the bruise on his other hand, which the administration had to address publicly. Trump has publicly attributed the bruising to shaking hands, but he is accustomed to using his right hand, not his left.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-158)
On January 29, 2026, shortly after the signing of Executive Order 14379[\[ws\]](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14379 "s:Executive Order 14379") "Addressing Addiction through the Great American Recovery Initiative", Trump and his cabinet dismissed news reporters from the Oval Office without an interview. Some social media users, including [Rebekah Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Jones "Rebekah Jones"), speculated that the press conference ended abruptly due to Trump defecating himself.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Snopes3Feb26-159)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HT31Jan26-160) These accusations cited an unidentified sound and apparent reactions from [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") and [Doug Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum")'s wife Kathryn heard and seen in *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*'s live coverage. In correspondence with *[Snopes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes "Snopes")*, White House spokesman [Steven Cheung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Cheung "Steven Cheung") denied the rumor that Trump had defecated at the event.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Snopes3Feb26-159)
On March 2, Trump was photographed with a dark red rash on his neck.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-161) Trump's physician [Sean Barbabella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Barbabella "Sean Barbabella") issued a statement saying that the president was using a medicated cream as a “preventative” treatment of the skin condition which was expected to last "a few weeks"; he did not explain the skin condition or disclose what the medication was.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-162)
On March 12, during at a White House gathering for [Women's History Month](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month "Women's History Month"), Trump referred to his current White House Press Secretary [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt") as "Kellyanne," appearing to mistake her for the former senior counselor from his first presidency [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway").[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-163)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)
See also
- [Age and health concerns about Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden "Age and health concerns about Joe Biden")
- [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again")
- [Term limits in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_limits_in_the_United_States "Term limits in the United States")
Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-142)** The standard MoCA asks the examinee to identify a [lion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion "Lion"), a [rhinoceros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros "Rhinoceros"), and a [camel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel "Camel").[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_note-PsychDB_MoCA-141)
References
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_July_2024_poll_1-3)
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[Baker, Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Baker_\(journalist\) "Peter Baker (journalist)"); Freedman, Dylan (October 6, 2024). ["Trump's Speeches, Increasingly Angry and Rambling, Reignite the Question of Age"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/06/us/politics/trump-speeches-age-cognitive-decline.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250502191740/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/06/us/politics/trump-speeches-age-cognitive-decline.html) from the original on May 2, 2025. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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8. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Nephew_Reveals_8-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Nephew_Reveals_8-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Nephew_Reveals_8-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Nephew_Reveals_8-3)
Rashid, Hafiz (August 19, 2024). ["Trump Nephew Reveals Family's Dementia History—And His Uncle's Signs"](https://newrepublic.com/post/185016/trump-nephew-family-dementia-history-warning-signs). *The New Republic*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0028-6583](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6583). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250329221658/https://newrepublic.com/post/185016/trump-nephew-family-dementia-history-warning-signs) from the original on March 29, 2025. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
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Lozada, Carlos (September 22, 2017). ["Is Trump Mentally Ill? Or Is America? Psychiatrists Weigh In"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2017/09/22/is-trump-mentally-ill-or-is-america-psychiatrists-weigh-in/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180726022623/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2017/09/22/is-trump-mentally-ill-or-is-america-psychiatrists-weigh-in/) from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
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Garrity, Kelly (February 11, 2024). ["Poll: Overwhelming majority of Americans think Biden is too old for another term"](https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/11/poll-biden-too-old-for-another-term-00140852). *[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240213044558/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/11/poll-biden-too-old-for-another-term-00140852) from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MSNBC_22_12-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MSNBC_22_12-1)
Wierson, Arick (April 14, 2022). ["Why Trump's offhand comment about his health could be a watershed moment"](https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/trumps-comment-health-watershed-moment-2024-election-rcna24298). *NBC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250303234314/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/trumps-comment-health-watershed-moment-2024-election-rcna24298) from the original on March 3, 2025. Retrieved October 14, 2024. "'notoriously secretive about sharing his health records with the public...deliberately misleading and even dishonest about his health'"
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Baumgaertner-2024_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Baumgaertner-2024_13-1)
Baumgaertner, Emily; Haberman, Maggie (October 3, 2024). ["Trump Promised to Release His Medical Records. He Still Won't Do It"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/03/health/trump-health-records.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
14. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Schneid-2024_14-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Schneid-2024_14-1)
Schneid, Rebecca (October 12, 2024). ["Kamala Harris' Medical Report Made Public. What About Trump?"](https://time.com/7086331/kamala-harris-medical-report-revelations-donald-trump-health-updates-contrast/). *TIME*. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
15. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Alba-2024_15-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Alba-2024_15-1)
Alba, Monica; Uribe, Raquel Coronell; Marquez, Alexandra (October 12, 2024). ["Harris releases medical report saying she's fit for office; Trump has yet to provide his"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/harris-releases-medical-report-saying-fit-office-trump-yet-provide-spe-rcna175129). *NBC News*. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
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["Memorandum from the White House Physician on President Donald J. Trump's Annual Physical Examination Results \| The American Presidency Project"](https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/memorandum-from-the-white-house-physician-president-donald-j-trumps-annual-physical). *www.presidency.ucsb.edu*. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
17. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CockburnJan26_17-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CockburnJan26_17-1) Cockburn, Harry. ["Even RFK Jr doesn't know how Trump is still alive with his diet of candy and McDonald's"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-diet-health-mcdonalds-rfk-jr-b2900591.html), *Independent*, January 14, 2026. Retrieved January 21.
18. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-18)**
["Trump dead rumours: When White House offered head-scratching excuse for President's new bruise amid health concerns"](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/us-news-trump-dead-rumours-when-white-house-offered-head-scratching-excuse-for-presidents-new-bruise-amid-health-concerns/articleshow/123601254.cms?from=mdr). *The Economic Times*. August 30, 2025. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0013-0389](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389). Retrieved August 30, 2025.
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-19)**
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