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| Boilerpipe Text | XXIV Olympic Winter Games
Emblem of the 2022 Winter Olympics
Location
Beijing
, China
Motto
Together for a Shared Future
(
一起向未来
;
Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái
)
Nations
91
Athletes
2,880
Events
109 in 7
sports
(15 disciplines)
Opening
4 February 2022
Closing
20 February 2022
Opened by
President
Xi Jinping
Closed by
IOC President
Thomas Bach
Cauldron
Dilnigar Ilhamjan
and
Zhao Jiawen
Stadium
Beijing National Stadium
Winter
←
PyeongChang 2018
Milano Cortina 2026
→
Summer
←
Tokyo 2020
Paris 2024
→
2022 Winter Paralympics
The
2022 Winter Olympics
, officially called the
XXIV Olympic Winter Games
(
Chinese
:
第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会
;
pinyin
:
Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì
) and commonly known as
Beijing 2022
(
北京
2022), were an international winter
multi-sport event
held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in
Beijing
, China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.
[
1
]
It was the 24th edition of the
Winter Olympic Games
.
[
2
]
These were the final winter games to take place under the IOC presidency of
Thomas Bach
.
Beijing was selected as the host city on 31 July 2015 during the
128th IOC Session
in
Kuala Lumpur
, Malaysia, marking its second time hosting the Olympics and the last of three consecutive Games held in
East Asia
, following the
2018 Winter Olympics
in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and the
2020 Summer Olympics
in Tokyo, Japan, held six months earlier which was postponed by a year due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
. Having previously hosted the
2008 Summer Olympics
, Beijing became the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The venues for the Games were concentrated around Beijing, its suburb
Yanqing District
, and
Zhangjiakou
, with some events (including the ceremonies and curling) repurposing venues originally built for Beijing 2008 (such as
Beijing National Stadium
and the
Beijing National Aquatics Centre
).
The Games featured a record 109 medal events across 15 disciplines, with
big air freestyle skiing
and
women's monobob
making their Olympic debuts as medal events, as well as several new mixed competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, snowboard cross and short track speed skating. A total of 2,880 athletes representing 91 teams competed in the Games, with
Haiti
and
Saudi Arabia
making their Winter Olympic debut.
Similar to the 2008 Games, Beijing's hosting of the 2022 Games was subject to various
concerns and controversies
including those related to
human rights violations in China
, such as the
persecution of Uyghurs in China
. This led to ten countries participating in a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics, sending athletes but no government officials. Several other countries also did not send officials but cited its decision as due to COVID-19 precautions.
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
The Chinese government's
internet troll networks
were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging, including campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad.
[
7
]
[
8
]
Controversies over the Games were
censored on the press and internet
,
[
9
]
[
10
]
while foreign journalists were harassed.
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
[
14
]
Like the 2020 Summer Olympics, the 2022 Winter Olympics took place during the pandemic and were largely closed to the public, with only selected events open to invited guests at a reduced capacity. To minimise the risk of virus transmission, China implemented strict health and safety measures, including a closed-loop system, frequent testing, and quarantine protocols for participants. Consequently, no major outbreaks were reported during the Games.
[
15
]
China's
mass surveillance practices
led to espionage concerns among Games attendees, including unauthorized collection of data from the required
smartphone app
.
[
16
]
[
17
]
[
18
]
Norway
finished at the top of the
medal table
for the third successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics.
Germany
finished second with 12 golds and 27 medals overall. The
United States
finished third with 9 golds and 25 medals overall, and the host nation
China
finished fourth with nine gold medals and also eleventh place by total medals won (15), marking its most successful performance in Winter Olympics history.
Sweden
finished fifth with 8 golds and 18 medals overall, which is that nation's most successful Winter Olympics of all time in terms of both gold and total number of medals. The team representing the
ROC
ended up with the second largest number of medals won at the Games, with 32, but finished ninth on the medal table, as only five gold medals were won by the delegation. Although traditional Winter powerhouse
Canada
won 26 medals, only four of them were gold, resulting in a finish outside the top ten in the medal table for the first time since
1988
(34 years).
[
19
]
[
20
]
[
21
]
[
22
]
[
23
]
The bidding calendar was announced by the
International Olympic Committee
(IOC) in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013.
[
24
]
The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014 and selected three cities,
Oslo
(Norway),
Almaty
(Kazakhstan), and
Beijing
(China), as the final candidates.
[
25
]
Several
bid cities
withdrew their bids during the process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support and funding for hosting the Games.
[
26
]
The
Oslo bid
, considered the clear frontrunner, was canceled in the wake of a series of revelations about the IOC's demands for luxury treatment of IOC members that strongly turned public opinion and the parliamentary majority against the bid. The city withdrew its application for government funding after a majority of the
Norwegian parliament
had stated their intention to decline the application. In the days before the decision, Norwegian media had revealed the IOC's "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. The IOC also "demanded control over all advertising space throughout Oslo" to be used exclusively by IOC's sponsors, something that is not possible in Norway because the government doesn't own or control "all advertising space throughout Oslo" and has no authority to give a foreign private organisation exclusive use of a city and the private property within it.
[
27
]
Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy;
Slate
described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."
[
28
]
[
29
]
[
30
]
[
31
]
Ole Berget, deputy minister in the Finance Ministry, said "the IOC's arrogance was an argument held high by a lot of people."
[
32
]
The country's largest newspaper commented that "Norway is a rich country, but we don't want to spend money on wrong things, like satisfying the crazy demands from IOC apparatchiks. These insane demands that they should be treated like the king of Saudi Arabia just won't fly with the Norwegian public."
[
32
]
Beijing was selected as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the
128th
IOC Session
in
Kuala Lumpur
, Malaysia.
2022 Winter Olympics bidding results
City
Nation
Votes
Beijing
China
44
Almaty
Kazakhstan
40
Development and preparations
[
edit
]
Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
Beijing National Stadium
National Aquatics Center
Beijing National Speed Skating Oval
Shougang
Big Air Venue
In February 2021, Beijing announced that the 26 venues (including training venues) for these sports would be running on entirely
renewable energy
.
[
33
]
[
34
]
There were three different clusters of venues designed and constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics, each respectively known as the Beijing Zone, the Zhangjiakou Zone, and the Yanqing Zone.
[
35
]
Venues in the Beijing Zone exist in different conditions; some were recently constructed exclusively for the 2022 games, while the rest were renovated from
the 2008 Summer Olympics
or other existing sites.
[
36
]
The Beijing Zone of the 2022 Winter Olympics consisted of six competition venues and was where the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, for both the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, would take place.
[
36
]
Five ice events were held at the
Olympic Green
, the
Capital Indoor Stadium
and the Beijing
Wukesong Sports Center
, which had been some of the main venues of the
2008 Summer Olympics
. The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events were held in a former industrial area in
Shijingshan District
, in
Western Hills
area.
[
37
]
Since the end of 2009, the
Beijing Olympic Village
apartments on the Olympic Green had been transformed into a residential area. There was therefore a need to build another Olympic Village on a smaller scale for the Winter Olympics. These new buildings are located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the neighbourhood of the
National Olympic Sports Center
and served as a
Chinese Olympic Committee
residential complex for those athletes who underwent training at the nearby venues.
[
38
]
The
Beijing National Stadium
(
Chinese
:
国家体育场
) is an iconic venue in the Beijing Zone, also known as the
Bird's Nest
(
鸟巢
). The Beijing National Stadium was the site that hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but it did not host any competition in 2022.
[
39
]
The
National Aquatics Center
(
国家游泳中心
), also known as the
Water Cube
(
水立方
), was the venue for
Curling
competition.
[
40
]
In the 2022 Winter Olympics, the National Aquatics Center became the first Olympic venue to incorporate a curling track in the swimming pool.
[
41
]
The
Shougang Big Air
(
首钢滑雪大跳台中心
) was newly constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
[
42
]
The Shougang Big Air hosted the
freestyle skiing
and
snowboarding
events.
The
Wukesong Sports Centre
(
五棵松体育馆
) was under an 8-month renovation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In February 2022, the Wukesong Sports Centre hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics Men's and Women's
ice hockey
tournaments.
[
43
]
The
National Indoor Stadium
(
国家体育馆
) was the second venue for the
ice hockey
tournament for the 2022 Winter Olympics, besides the Wukesong Sports Centre.
[
44
]
The
National Speed Skating Oval
(
国家速滑馆
) has the nickname "Ice Ribbon" due to its exterior design. The National Speed Skating Oval was the venue for
speed skating
in the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The
Capital Indoor Stadium
(
首都体育馆
), also known as the Capital Gymnasium, was a venue adapted from the 2008 Summer Olympics and was reconstructed for
short-track speed skating
and
figure skating
competitions in the 2022 Winter Olympics.
[
45
]
Beijing National Stadium
–
opening
, awarding and
closing
ceremonies /
80,000
existing
Beijing National Aquatics Centre
–
curling
/
3,795
renovated
Beijing National Indoor Stadium
–
ice hockey
/
19,418
existing
Beijing National Speed Skating Oval
–
speed skating
/
11,950
new
Capital Indoor Stadium
–
figure skating
,
short track speed skating
/
13,289
existing
Wukesong Sports Centre
–
ice hockey
/
15,384
existing
Big Air Shougang
–
snowboarding
(Big Air),
freestyle skiing
(Big Air) –
4,912
new
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village –
new
Yanqing District
is a suburban district localised at the
Beijing
's far north. Competitions for
luge
,
skeleton
,
bobsleigh
and
alpine skiing
were held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the
West Dazhuangke
village
[
a
]
of
Zhangshanying
in
Yanqing District
, northwest of the urban area of Beijing, 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 miles) away from the town of
Yanqing
, using
artificial snow
because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.
[
46
]
[
47
]
National Alpine Ski Centre
(
Rock
,
Ice River
) –
alpine skiing
4,800
new
National Sliding Centre
–
bobsleigh
,
luge
,
skeleton
/
7,400
new
Yanqing Olympic Village /
new
All other skiing events were held in
Taizicheng
Area in
Chongli District
,
Zhangjiakou
city,
Hebei province
. It is 220 km (140 mi) from downtown Beijing and 130 km (81 mi) away from
Xiaohaituo Mountain Area
. The ski resort earned over
¥
1.54 billion (US$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 winter season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All the venues construction started in November 2016 and was finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.
[
48
]
[
needs update
]
Snow Ruyi
–
ski jumping
,
Nordic combined
(ski jumping)
6,000
National Biathlon Centre –
biathlon
6,024
Genting Snow Park
Park A – Ski and snowboard cross
1,774
Park B – Halfpipe and Slopestyle (freestyle skiing and snowboard)
2,550
Park C – Aerials and Moguls
1,597
National Cross-Country Centre –
Nordic combined
(cross-country),
cross-country
6,023
Zhangjiakou Olympic Village
Zhangjiakou Medals Plaza
The design for the Games' medals was unveiled on 26 October 2021. The concept is based on the 2008 Summer Olympics medals and Chinese astronomy and astrology as the games were held coinciding with the
Chinese New Year
festivities.
[
49
]
The uniforms for medal presenters at medal ceremonies were unveiled in January 2022.
[
50
]
The uniforms have been designed in a joint project by the
Central Academy of Fine Arts
and
Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology
.
[
50
]
A torch serves as the cauldron in Yanqing
The torch relay started on 18 October 2021 in Greece. On 20 October 2021, it was announced that the local leg would start on 2 February and end on 4 February 2022 during the Opening Ceremonies. The local leg only visited two cities:
Beijing
and
Zhangjiakou
.
[
51
]
Activists staged a protest at the Olympic torch lighting ceremony in Greece.
[
52
]
The inclusion and television appearance of Qi Fabao, a
People's Liberation Army
commander well known in China for his involvement in the
2020–2021 China–India skirmishes
, as one of 1,200 torchbearers have been controversial, with India launching a diplomatic boycott of the Games as a result.
[
53
]
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
[
edit
]
Buses serving the Olympic bubble have red stickers on front and rear
The
COVID-19 pandemic
resulted in changes in the qualifying process for
curling
and
women's ice hockey
due to the
cancellation of tournaments
in 2020. Qualification for curling was based on placement in the 2021 World Curling Championships and an
Olympic Qualification Event
that completed the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 World Curling Championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing
IIHF World Rankings
, without holding the
2020 Women's World Championship
.
[
54
]
[
55
]
On 29 September 2021, the IOC announced biosecurity protocols for the Games; all athletes were required to remain within the
bio-secure bubble
(referred to as a "closed-loop management system") for the duration of their participation, which included daily
COVID-19 testing
, and only being allowed to travel to and from Games-related venues. Unless they are fully-
vaccinated
or have a valid medical exemption, all athletes were required to quarantine for 21 days upon their arrival. Mirroring a protocol adopted for the 2020 Summer Olympics before they were moved
behind closed doors
, the IOC also announced that only residents of the People's Republic of China would be permitted to attend the Games as spectators.
[
56
]
[
57
]
On 23 December 2021, the
National Hockey League
(NHL) and its labor union, the
National Hockey League Players' Association
(NHLPA), announced the withdrawal of their players' participation in the Games' men's hockey tournament, citing concerns over COVID-19 and the need to make up games that had been postponed due to COVID-19 outbreak.
[
58
]
[
59
]
[
60
]
As part of their latest
collective agreement
with the NHLPA, the NHL had agreed to accommodate a break for player participation in the Olympics for the first time since
2014
.
[
61
]
The NHL had until 10 January 2022 to opt out of Olympic participation without financial penalty.
[
62
]
On 17 January 2022, amid increasing lockdowns across China and the first detected case of the
Omicron variant
in Beijing, it was announced that ticket sales to the general public were cancelled, and that limited numbers of spectators would be admitted by invitation only. These, therefore, became the second Olympics in a row that were closed to the general public.
[
63
]
In the lead-up to the Games, organisers stated that they had aimed for at least 30% capacity at each venue, divided equally between spectators from within the "closed loop" (including dignitaries, delegations, and the press), and invited guests from outside of it (including local residents, school students, winter sports enthusiasts, and marketing partners). At least 150,000 spectators from outside the "closed loop" were expected to attend. Spectators were only present at events held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou; all events in Yanqing were held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted.
[
64
]
[
65
]
Everyone present at the Games, including athletes, staff, and attendees, were required to use the My2022
mobile app
as part of the biosecurity protocols, which was used for submissions of
customs declarations
and health records for travel to the Games, daily health self-reporting, and records of COVID-19 vaccination and testing. The app also provided news and information relating to the Games, and
messaging
functions. Concerns were raised about the security of the My2022 app and how information collected by it would be used, so several delegations advised their athletes to bring
burner phones
and laptops for the duration of the games.
[
17
]
[
18
]
Because of the strict COVID-19 protocol, some top athletes, considered to be medal contenders, were not able to travel to China after having tested positive, even if asymptomatic. The cases included Austrian ski jumper
Marita Kramer
, the leader of the World Cup ranking,
[
66
]
and Russian skeletonist
Nikita Tregubov
, silver medalist of the 2018 Winter Olympics.
[
67
]
G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway
and
Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway
connect Beijing with Zhangjiakou.
CR400BF-C-5162
had been converted to a dedicated train for the Winter Olympics.
The new
Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway
opened in late 2019, starting from
Beijing North railway station
and ending at
Zhangjiakou railway station
. It was built for speeds of up to 350 km/h (220 mph); with this new road system, the travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was decreased to around 50 minutes. A dedicated train for the Winter Olympics began to run on this line in January 2022, featuring a mobile television studio that supports live broadcast on the train.
[
68
]
On 31 December 2021, the
Beijing Subway
reached the planned 783 km (487 mi) at the bid book.
[
69
]
Planned before the city was awarded the rights to the Games, the
Beijing Daxing International Airport
opened in 2019, and due to the strategic location, it would be the main focus for the arrival and entry of delegations on Chinese soil. Chinese officials had hoped that this airport would replace Beijing Capital International Airport as the country's main hub for arrivals and departures between its opening and the Winter Games and reduce the international and domestic demands of the older airport. This airport replaced the old
Beijing Nanyuan Airport
which was out of date and was on the list of the most dangerous airports in the world because of its location and since its opening, it has been sharing the local and international demands of the city and the country with the older
Beijing Capital International Airport
.
[
70
]
However, according to the COVID-19 pandemic security protocol manual issued by
BOCWOG
and International Olympic Committee, all foreign delegations could only enter and leave Beijing via
the Capital International Airport
due to its smaller size and the fact that it is closer to the city center and Olympic Green and has specific isolation areas and a better health protocols.
[
71
]
The original estimated budget for the Games was US$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the $43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.
[
72
]
Although there were reports that the games might cost more than US$38.5 billion,
[
73
]
the final official budget was US$2.24 billion and turning a profit of $52 million, of which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) donated $10.4 million of that surplus to the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) to help with the development of sport in China.
[
74
]
[
75
]
The 2022 Winter Olympics was promoted as a carbon neutral games that had a 100% green energy policy, where all competition venues were to be powered entirely by
renewable energy
, delivered through the specially constructed Zhangbei direct current (DC) grid, that transferred wind and solar energy from Zhangjiakou to Beijing. Five of the seven ice venues had been reused from the previous 2008 Summer Olympics. The 2022 Winter Games was also the first to use natural CO2 refrigerants to reduce carbon emissions from the cooling process to near zero. To offset remaining emissions, 80,000 hectares of forest were planted in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. All passenger cars and 85% of official vehicles were clean energy or fuel efficient, including 816
hydrogen-fueled
vehicles.
[
76
]
[
77
]
[
78
]
[
79
]
[
80
]
Some researchers commended Beijing’s mitigation of a wide range of emissions, but cautioned that future Olympic Games should rely less on carbon offsetting to risk creating junk assets that cannot be maintained after the games are completed. Critics had argued that the use of afforestation and grid-connected renewable energy projects, might also have existed regardless of the Olympics, and that it was questionable on whether those carbon offsets can be fairly counted as a result of the Winter Olympics and termed it as "green-washing".
[
81
]
Winter Olympics countdown clock at Wangfujing Dept Store (26 December 2021)
A scene from the opening ceremony; in lieu of a
cauldron
, the Olympic torch was mounted in the centre of a large snowflake sculpture
The opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 4 February 2022 at
Beijing National Stadium
.
Amid the political controversies and tensions impacting the Games, IOC president
Thomas Bach
instructed athletes to "show how the world would look like, if we all respect the same rules and each other", and pledged that "there [would] be no discrimination for any reason whatsoever."
[
82
]
The final seven torchbearers reflected multiple decades of Chinese athletes, beginning with the 1950s, and concluding with two skiers competing in the Games—21 year-old skier Zhao Jiawen from
Shanxi
(the first Chinese athlete to compete in
Nordic combined
), and 20-year-old
Dinigeer Yilamujiang
from the
Xinjiang
autonomous region (
cross-country
, and the first Chinese cross-country skier to win a medal in an
ISF
event).
[
83
]
[
84
]
For the first time in Olympic history, the final torchbearers did not light a cauldron: instead, they fitted the torch into the centre of a large stylised
snowflake
, constructed from placards bearing the names of the delegations competing in the Games.
[
84
]
Three similar snowflakes were also erected as public flames, with one outside of the stadium lit by a volunteer, one in Yanqing District lit by speed skater
Yu Jongjun
, and the third in Zhangjiakou lit by skier
Wang Wezhuo
.
[
83
]
The closing ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at Beijing National Stadium on 20 February 2022; it included a cultural presentation, closing remarks, and the formal handover to
Milan
and
Cortina d'Ampezzo
as co-hosts of the
2026 Winter Olympics
.
[
85
]
The 2022 Winter Olympics included a record 109 medal events over 15 disciplines in seven sports.
[
86
]
There are seven new medal events, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's
monobob
, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.
[
87
]
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each discipline.
In October 2016, the
International Ski Federation
(FIS) announced plans to begin permitting women's competitions in
Nordic combined
, to contest the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.
[
88
]
In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a
ski jumping
mixed team competition and men's and women's
big air
in
freestyle skiing
.
[
89
]
At their May 2018
Congress
at the Costa Navarino resort in
Messenia
,
Greece
, the FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make
telemark skiing
an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the
aerials
mixed team event, and several new
snowboarding
events: the men and women's
snowboard cross
team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.
[
90
]
The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the
2014 Winter Olympics
in
Sochi
,
Russia
, but were dropped from the Olympic program in
2018
to make way for the snowboarding
big air
competitions.
[
citation needed
]
The
International Luge Federation
(FIL) proposed the addition of six new events, including
natural track luge
(men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.
[
91
]
[
92
]
The
International Skating Union
(ISU) continued to campaign for the addition of
synchronised skating
as a new event within the discipline of
figure skating
.
[
93
]
The ISU also proposed a new mixed team event in
short track speed skating
.
[
91
]
In
biathlon
, a single mixed relay was proposed by the
International Biathlon Union
(IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
[
91
]
Also, the
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
(IBSF) proposed a new team event, but there was no plan to introduce a four-woman bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.
[
91
]
In July 2018, the IOC announced changes to the program for the 2022 Winter Olympics as part of a goal to increase the participation of women, and appeal to younger audiences. Seven new medal events were added (expanding the total program to 109 events), including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's
monobob
, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.
[
94
]
Women's Nordic combined was not added; Nordic combined remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men.
[
95
]
Participating National Olympic Committees
[
edit
]
On December 9, 2019, the
World Anti-Doping Agency
(WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the
Russian Anti-Doping Agency
being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared
Russian athletes
to take part in the
2020 Summer Olympics
under a neutral banner, as instigated at the
2018 Winter Olympics
, but they were not permitted to compete in team sports. WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "
Olympic Athletes from Russia
" (OAR) again, as it did in 2018, emphasising that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.
[
96
]
[
97
]
[
98
]
Russia later filed an appeal to the
Court of Arbitration for Sport
(CAS) against the WADA decision.
[
99
]
After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 to reduce the penalty WADA had placed on Russia. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate in the Olympics and other international events, but for two years, the team could not use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team." The ruling did allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.
[
100
]
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the
Russian Olympic Committee
, although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. Russia would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.
[
101
]
On September 8, 2021, the IOC Executive Board suspended the
Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
(North Korea) through at least the end of 2022 for violations of the
Olympic Charter
, over its refusal to send athletes to the
2020 Summer Olympics
in Tokyo due to COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns. North Korean athletes would be allowed to participate under the Olympic flag.
[
102
]
[
103
]
[
104
]
[
105
]
However, the North Korean Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee said in a letter to the
2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee
, the
Chinese Olympic Committee
, and the
General Administration of Sport of China
on January 7, 2022, that due to "hostile forces' moves" and the COVID-19 pandemic, they would not be able to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
[
106
]
In addition, the North Korean Olympic Committee said it would "give full support to all the work of the Chinese comrades to hold a grand and wonderful Olympic festival" but accused the "US and its followers" of being increasingly "vicious" with the aim of hampering the Games, indirectly referencing the diplomatic boycott.
[
107
]
The following 91
National Olympic Committees
had qualified athletes (two fewer than four years earlier), with
Haiti
and
Saudi Arabia
making their Winter Olympic débuts.
[
108
]
[
109
]
Kenya qualified one athlete, but withdrew.
[
110
]
Participating countries at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Countries making their debuts at the Winter Olympics
Country by team size
Participating
National Olympic Committees
Albania
(1)
[
111
]
American Samoa
(1)
[
112
]
Andorra
(5)
[
113
]
Argentina
(6)
[
114
]
Armenia
(6)
[
115
]
Australia
(43)
[
116
]
Austria
(106)
[
117
]
Azerbaijan
(2)
[
118
]
Belarus
(26)
[
119
]
Belgium
(19)
[
120
]
Bolivia
(2)
[
121
]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(6)
[
122
]
Brazil
(10)
[
123
]
Bulgaria
(15)
[
124
]
Canada
(215)
[
125
]
Chile
(4)
[
126
]
China
(182)
[
127
]
(Hosts)
Chinese Taipei
(4)
[
128
]
Colombia
(3)
[
129
]
Croatia
(11)
[
130
]
Cyprus
(1)
[
131
]
Czech Republic
(114)
[
132
]
Denmark
(62)
[
133
]
Ecuador
(1)
[
134
]
Eritrea
(1)
[
135
]
Estonia
(26)
[
136
]
Finland
(95)
[
137
]
France
(86)
[
138
]
Georgia
(9)
[
139
]
Germany
(149)
[
140
]
Ghana
(1)
[
141
]
Great Britain
(50)
[
142
]
Greece
(5)
[
143
]
Haiti
(1)
[
144
]
Hong Kong
(3)
[
145
]
Hungary
(14)
[
146
]
Iceland
(5)
[
147
]
India
(1)
[
148
]
Iran
(3)
[
149
]
Ireland
(6)
[
150
]
Israel
(6)
[
151
]
Italy
(118)
[
152
]
Jamaica
(7)
[
153
]
Japan
(124)
[
154
]
Kazakhstan
(34)
[
155
]
Kosovo
(2)
[
156
]
Kyrgyzstan
(1)
[
157
]
Latvia
(60)
Lebanon
(3)
[
158
]
Liechtenstein
(2)
[
159
]
Lithuania
(13)
[
160
]
Luxembourg
(2)
[
161
]
Madagascar
(2)
[
162
]
Malaysia
(2)
[
163
]
Malta
(1)
[
164
]
Mexico
(4)
[
165
]
Moldova
(5)
[
166
]
Monaco
(3)
[
167
]
Mongolia
(2)
[
168
]
Montenegro
(3)
[
169
]
Morocco
(1)
[
170
]
Netherlands
(41)
[
171
]
New Zealand
(15)
[
172
]
Nigeria
(1)
[
173
]
North Macedonia
(3)
[
174
]
Norway
(84)
[
175
]
Pakistan
(1)
[
176
]
Peru
(1)
[
177
]
Philippines
(1)
[
178
]
Poland
(57)
[
179
]
Portugal
(3)
[
180
]
Puerto Rico
(2)
[
181
]
ROC
(212)
[
b
]
[
182
]
Romania
(21)
[
183
]
San Marino
(2)
[
184
]
Saudi Arabia
(1)
[
185
]
Serbia
(2)
[
186
]
Slovakia
(50)
[
187
]
Slovenia
(42)
[
188
]
South Korea
(64)
[
189
]
Spain
(14)
[
190
]
Sweden
(116)
[
191
]
Switzerland
(167)
[
192
]
Thailand
(4)
[
193
]
Timor-Leste
(1)
[
194
]
Trinidad and Tobago
(2)
[
195
]
Turkey
(7)
[
196
]
Ukraine
(45)
[
197
]
United States
(224)
[
198
]
Uzbekistan
(1)
[
199
]
Virgin Islands
(1)
[
200
]
NOCs that participated in 2018, but did not in 2022.
[
201
]
NOCs that participated in 2022, but did not in 2018.
Bermuda
[
202
]
Kenya
[
110
]
North Korea
[
c
]
[
203
]
Singapore
South Africa
Togo
Tonga
[
204
]
American Samoa
[
112
]
Haiti
[
109
]
Peru
[
177
]
Saudi Arabia
[
109
]
Trinidad and Tobago
[
195
]
Virgin Islands
[
200
]
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
[
edit
]
2,871
athletes
from 91
NOCs
:
Ranking
NOC
Athletes
1
United States
224
2
Canada
215
3
ROC
212
4
China
182
5
Switzerland
167
6
Germany
149
7
Japan
124
8
Italy
118
9
Sweden
116
10
Czech Republic
114
11
Austria
106
12
Finland
95
13
France
86
14
Norway
84
15
South Korea
64
16
Denmark
62
17
Latvia
60
18
Poland
57
19
Great Britain
50
20
Slovakia
50
21
Ukraine
45
23
Australia
43
22
Slovenia
42
24
Netherlands
41
25
Kazakhstan
34
26
Belarus
26
Estonia
26
28
Romania
21
29
Belgium
19
30
Bulgaria
15
New Zealand
15
32
Hungary
14
Spain
14
34
Lithuania
13
35
Croatia
11
36
Brazil
10
37
Georgia
9
38
Turkey
7
Jamaica
7
40
Argentina
6
Armenia
6
Bosnia and Herzegovina
6
Ireland
6
Israel
6
45
Andorra
5
Greece
5
Iceland
5
Moldova
5
49
Chile
4
Chinese Taipei
4
Mexico
4
Thailand
4
53
Colombia
3
Hong Kong
3
Iran
3
Lebanon
3
Monaco
3
Montenegro
3
North Macedonia
3
Portugal
3
61
Azerbaijan
2
Bolivia
2
Kosovo
2
Liechtenstein
2
Luxembourg
2
Madagascar
2
Malaysia
2
Mongolia
2
Puerto Rico
2
San Marino
2
Serbia
2
Trinidad and Tobago
2
73
Albania
1
American Samoa
1
Cyprus
1
Ecuador
1
Eritrea
1
Ghana
1
Haiti
1
India
1
Kyrgyzstan
1
Malta
1
Morocco
1
Nigeria
1
Pakistan
1
Peru
1
Philippines
1
Saudi Arabia
1
Timor-Leste
1
Uzbekistan
1
Virgin Islands
1
Total
2,871
Competition began two days before the opening ceremony on 2 February, and ended on 20 February 2022.
[
205
]
Organizers went through several revisions of the schedule, and each edition needed to be approved by the IOC.
[
206
]
All times and dates use
China Standard Time
(
UTC+8
)
OC
Opening ceremony
●
Event competitions
1
Event finals
EG
Exhibition gala
CC
Closing ceremony
February 2022
2nd
Wed
3rd
Thu
4th
Fri
5th
Sat
6th
Sun
7th
Mon
8th
Tue
9th
Wed
10th
Thu
11th
Fri
12th
Sat
13th
Sun
14th
Mon
15th
Tue
16th
Wed
17th
Thu
18th
Fri
19th
Sat
20th
Sun
Events
Ceremonies
OC
CC
N/a
Alpine skiing
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
Biathlon
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
11
Bobsleigh
●
1
1
●
1
1
4
Cross-country skiing
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
12
Curling
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
3
Figure skating
●
●
1
●
1
●
1
●
1
●
1
EG
5
Freestyle skiing
●
1
1
●
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
13
Ice hockey
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
●
●
1
2
Luge
●
1
●
1
1
1
4
Nordic combined
1
1
1
3
Short track speed skating
1
2
1
1
2
2
9
Skeleton
●
1
1
2
Ski jumping
1
1
1
●
1
1
5
Snowboarding
●
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
●
2
11
Speed skating
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
14
Daily medal events
0
0
0
6
6
9
10
6
8
7
6
7
4
9
8
6
5
7
5
109
Cumulative total
0
0
0
6
12
21
31
37
45
52
58
65
69
78
86
92
97
104
109
February 2022
2nd
Wed
3rd
Thu
4th
Fri
5th
Sat
6th
Sun
7th
Mon
8th
Tue
9th
Wed
10th
Thu
11th
Fri
12th
Sat
13th
Sun
14th
Mon
15th
Tue
16th
Wed
17th
Thu
18th
Fri
19th
Sat
20th
Sun
Total events
Medals of 2022 Winter Olympics
‡ Change in medal table
*
Host nation (
China
)
Date
Sport
Event
Team
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Ref
15 February
Bobsleigh
Two-man bob
Germany
Francesco Friedrich
Thorsten Margis
Johannes Lochner
Florian Bauer
Christoph Hafer
Matthias Sommer
[
208
]
Changes in medal standings
[
edit
]
On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified
Kamila Valieva
, a Russian figure skater, for four years (retroactive to 25 December 2021) for an anti-doping rule violation.
[
209
]
On 30 January 2024, the ISU reallocated medals in the
figure skating team event
to upgrade the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.
[
210
]
Flower bed along
Chang'an Avenue
.
The emblem for the 2022 Winter Olympics, "Winter Dream" (冬梦), was unveiled on 15 December 2017 at the
Beijing National Aquatics Center
. Designed by Lin Cunzhen (who previously designed the emblem of the
2014 Summer Youth Olympics
in
Nanjing
), the emblem is a stylised rendition of the Chinese character for winter (冬) as a multi-coloured ribbon, reflecting upon the landscapes of the host region. The beginning of the ribbon symbolises an ice skater, while the end of the ribbon symbolises a skier. The emblem carries a blue, red, and yellow colour scheme: the latter two colours represent both the
flag of China
, and "passion, youth, and vitality".
[
211
]
Bing Dwen Dwen
was the mascot of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from thousands of Chinese designs in 35 countries worldwide. "Bing" (冰) means ice in Chinese, and was meant to suggest purity and strength. "Dwen Dwen" (墩墩) was meant to suggest robustness, liveliness, and youth. Bing Dwen Dwen's astronaut-like clothes implied that the Winter Olympics embraced new technologies and created possibilities.
[
212
]
The Games' official slogan, "Together for a Shared Future" (
Chinese
:
一起向未来
;
pinyin
:
Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái
), was announced on 17 September 2021; organisers stated that the slogan was intended to reflect "the power of the Games to overcome global challenges as a community".
[
213
]
The slogan was compared in media with
Chinese leader
Xi Jinping
's policy slogan: 'Building the Common Future of Humanity'.
[
214
]
Independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recorded 2.01 billion viewers across television and digital platforms.
[
215
]
[
216
]
A total of 713 billion minutes of coverage was watched on various Olympic Media Rights Partners' channels, which represents an 18 per cent increase when comparing with the last Winter Olympics.
[
215
]
In China, domestic rights to these Games were owned by
China Media Group
(CMG), with rights being sublicensed by
China Mobile
's Migu streaming service.
[
217
]
These Games confirmed an ongoing trend in U.S. viewership of the Olympics; while television viewership had seen a further decline, they were offset by increases in
social media
engagement and
streaming
viewership of the Games. Similar trends were seen in Europe, where amidst falling TV ratings Eurosport reported an eight-fold increase in streaming viewership on its platforms and
Discovery+
over Pyeongchang 2018.
[
218
]
[
219
]
[
220
]
Concerns and controversies
[
edit
]
Demonstration of Tibetans and Uyghurs in front of the
Brandenburg Gate
in
Berlin
against the Olympic Games in Beijing 2022
Protest by Tibetan independence groups against Chinese Winter Olympics (2022) held in Lausanne at the headquarters of the IOC
During the bidding process, critics questioned the Beijing bid, arguing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.
[
221
]
[
222
]
Additional concerns about weather conditions were raised during certain events. Swedish athlete
Frida Karlsson
nearly collapsed after the
women's skiathlon
due to low temperatures.
[
223
]
Afterwards, the Swedes considered putting in a request for races to be moved to earlier in the day, stating that the afternoons and early evenings scheduled for European TV audiences were hurting the performance of the athletes.
[
224
]
As in 2008, activists, human rights groups, and diplomats made calls to boycott the Olympic Games when hosted by China. In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the
Xinjiang papers
, the
2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
, and the
persecution of Uyghurs in China
,
[
225
]
[
226
]
calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.
[
227
]
[
228
]
[
229
]
Because of these issues, the selection of an athlete from Xinjiang as part of the final torchbearers received a mixed reaction.
[
230
]
[
231
]
[
84
]
In February 2021, the
Chinese Communist Party
-owned tabloid
Global Times
warned that China could "seriously sanction any country that follows a boycott."
[
232
]
[
233
]
In March 2021, Chinese spokesperson Guo Weimin stated that any attempt to boycott the Olympics would be doomed to fail.
[
234
]
China's Foreign Minister
Wang Yi
also told the
EU
's foreign policy chief
Josep Borrell
that they should attend the games to "enhance exchanges on winter sport", and to "foster new highlights" in bilateral cooperation.
[
235
]
The IOC stated that it remains neutral in all global political issues and that the award of hosting the games does not signal agreement with the host country's political or social situation or its human rights standards. The committee's response to
Agence France-Presse
read: "We've repeatedly said it: the IOC isn't responsible for the government. It only gives the rights and opportunity for the staging of the Olympic Games. That doesn't mean we agree with all the politics, all the social or human rights issues in the country. And it doesn't mean we approve of all the human rights violations of a person or people." The statement attracted criticism, with
Pacific University
professor
Jules Boykoff
accusing the IOC of "hypocrisy".
[
235
]
On 19 November 2021, a group of 17 members of the Lithuanian national parliament
Seimas
released an official letter encouraging
Lithuania
to withdraw from the 2022 Winter Olympics due to human rights violations in China.
[
236
]
On 3 December 2021, Lithuania was the first nation to announce a diplomatic boycott of the games.
[
237
]
After the
Russian invasion of Ukraine
in late February 2022,
The New York Times
published a report alleging that China requested Russia to delay the invasion until after the Olympics to avoid damaging the Games' public image.
[
238
]
Russia invaded
Ukraine
just four days after the Games' Closing Ceremony. Liu Pengyu, spokesperson for the
Chinese Embassy in Washington
, has rejected the claims as "speculations without any basis, and intended to blame-shift and smear China".
[
239
]
The United States boycott of China's
Winter Olympics
was predominantly due to
China's human rights issues
on topics such as the systematic oppression of the Uyghurs,
Tibetans
and the
protests in Hong Kong
in 2019.
[
240
]
The Chinese government implemented many coercive activities in those regions, such as the
reeducation camps
, mass detention camps of allegedly over a million uyghurs,
[
241
]
and
restricted access to social media
.
Following the United States' announcement of a diplomatic boycott, a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, India, Estonia, and Kosovo, also participated. Meanwhile, Austria, Latvia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the Netherlands opted not to send government officials to the event but did not explicitly cite human rights concerns. Instead, they attributed their decisions to factors such as COVID-19 precautions. However, several U.S. allies, including South Korea, Germany, Italy, and France, did not join the boycott.
[
242
]
[
5
]
[
243
]
[
244
]
[
245
]
Unlike the US and other boycotting countries, the Japanese government did not use the term "diplomatic boycott" but announced it would not send any senior officials or Cabinet ministers. Japanese Olympic and Paralympic Committee leaders, along with senior lawmaker
Seiko Hashimoto
, however attended in non-governmental capacities. China welcomed the representatives, and Tokyo's decision was seen as a compromise to balance domestic and international considerations, including appeasing conservative lawmakers and allies in Washington.
[
246
]
[
5
]
The IOC remained relatively neutral regarding the letter from CECC or the boycott.
[
247
]
The IOC negotiated with the Chinese government on specific protocols to ensure the Olympic Games ran smoothly, such as providing unrestricted internet access to foreign journalists.
[
242
]
In October 2018, American senator
Marco Rubio
,
Senator Jeff Merkley
, and Congressmen
Jim McGovern
and
Chris Smith
sent a letter, on behalf of the
Congressional-Executive Commission on China
(CECC), to the
International Olympic Committee
(IOC) requesting the revocation of China's host right on the 2022 Winter Olympics.
[
248
]
The letter stated that "no Olympics should be held in a country whose government is committing genocide and crimes against humanity."
In November 2021,
President Biden
proposed "a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics."
[
242
]
The Biden administration was aware of the prospective sanctions by the National Olympic Committee and was careful regarding the scale and severity of the boycott.
[
242
]
In December 2021, the
Biden administration
officially initiated a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, restricting United States government officials' presence at the games.
[
249
]
The attendance of
Team USA
athletes was not affected by the diplomatic boycott.
China declared that the United States was "politicizing sports" with the diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
[
250
]
The
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
spokesperson,
Zhao Lijian
, accused the United States of violating the spirit of political neutrality endorsed in the
Olympic Charter
, stating that the Olympic Games "should not be a place for political posturing and manipulation".
[
251
]
China announced that the United States was not yet officially invited by the host committee; thus, the United States "should not have initiated the boycott in the first place".
[
252
]
According to analysis by
CNN’s
Beijing Bureau
, no athletes or attendees publicly protested China's human rights record during the Games. Susan Brownell, a scholar of Chinese sports and the Olympics at the
University of Missouri–St. Louis
, said, "You can't write stories about people who aren't in Beijing - that's the problem with the diplomatic boycott. There's no story once the Games start." She added that she had anticipated political controversies would fade into the background as sporting events took prominence, which she notes what "has largely happened."
[
253
]
Propaganda and information operations
[
edit
]
The Chinese government's internet troll networks were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging. This has included campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad. The
Ministry of Public Security
's
Spamouflage
disinformation
network transitioned to primarily push Olympic messaging in December 2021.
[
254
]
In the run up to the Olympics, thousands of fake Twitter accounts pushed the Government's position in the
Peng Shuai scandal
and the IOC's involvement
[
8
]
as well as attacking foreign journalists.
[
255
]
The New York Times
and
ProPublica
identified a network of more than 3,000 inauthentic-looking Twitter accounts that appeared to be coordinating. Such accounts appeared to operate solely to amplify state media, as most of these accounts were recently created with very few followers, and their activity consisted solely of reposting China comments including from one account called "Spicy Panda" whose cartoons and videos rallied against the Olympic boycott.
[
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]
A Twitter spokesperson said that hundreds of accounts included in the investigation's findings have since been suspended for violating the "platform manipulation and spam policy," which prohibits "coordinated activity that attempts to artificially influence conversations through the use of multiple accounts, fake accounts and automation."
[
257
]
American freestyle skier
Aaron Blunck
said that he had his Twitter account suspended after praising the Games. Internet archives indicate that his account was suspended in September 2021; Twitter said this account was “suspended in error and has since been recovered”. Blunck criticized what he referred to as biased media coverage of the games. Speaking to reporters in the room, Blunck said China had "honestly done a stellar job with the whole Covid protocol.. I didn’t really know what to expect, being stateside you’ve kind of heard some pretty bad media, and that is completely false – it’s actually been phenomenal".
[
258
]
Press freedom has been a concern before and during the Games, despite assurances from the International Olympic Committee. In January 2022, Yang Shu, deputy director general of Beijing 2022's International Relations Department, "explicitly threatened the world’s athletes", saying that "if they act, protest or speak in a way that is offensive to Chinese law and the Chinese government, there will be certain punishment.”
[
259
]
John MacAloon, a professor in the Social Sciences Graduate Division at the
University of Chicago
said “If the IOC simply ignores what’s happening in Xinjiang, then for many people, while it does its duty in providing a Games for the athletes, the IOC is effectively resigning from leadership of the Olympic movement, a social movement enshrining common humanity, human dignity, and human rights.”
[
260
]
Human Rights Watch
stated that censorship has seriously marred the 2022 Games.
[
261
]
The Citizen Lab report on the My2022 app (see below) discovered a "censorship keywords" list built into the app, and a feature that allows people to flag other "politically sensitive" expressions. The list of words included the names of Chinese leaders and government agencies, as well as references to the 1989 killing of pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square, and the religious group Falun Gong.
[
262
]
Negative news censored during the games
[
edit
]
On 28 January 2022, a few days before the opening ceremony, the
Xuzhou chained woman incident
was exposed on Chinese social media. Several media figures, including Han Song from the state-controlled
Xinhua News Agency
argued that people should be more concerned about the incident than the Winter Olympics.
[
263
]
However, to avoid any negative news that could divert the public's attention from the Olympics, Chinese news media outlets were order by authorities to avoid reporting such cases, with many social media posts related to the incident censored.
[
264
]
[
265
]
Some people who tried to dig into the story by investigating the case in Feng County were even detained by the police.
[
266
]
Harassment of journalists
[
edit
]
The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China, in its annual report released prior to the Games, cited “unprecedented” challenges for reporting in and about the country.
[
267
]
After the Games concluded, the FCCC listed a number of claims of intimidation, obstruction and harassment, including reporters being tailed and manhandled by security despite assurances from Games officials. The FCCC also reported extensive online trolling and abuse of journalists and states that "some cases" were "fuelled by Chinese state media accounts and Chinese diplomats", describing it as an observed aspect of state-backed online harassment and propaganda campaigns.
[
268
]
On February 4, 2022, a Dutch journalist, Sjoerd den Daas was dragged away by a Chinese security guard while reporting live on the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony, stating "We have just been expelled from another area, so I'm afraid we'll have to come back to you later". His employer, the Dutch broadcaster
NOS
later addressed the incident on Twitter, stating: "Our correspondent [den Daas] was pulled away from the camera by security guards at 12:00 p.m. [6:00 a.m. ET] live in the NOS Journaal. Unfortunately, this is increasingly becoming a daily reality for journalists in China. He is fine and was able to finish his story a few minutes later".
[
269
]
[
270
]
[
271
]
IOC spokesman Mark Adams said that he thinks the security guard may have been "overzealous" and that the incident is a one-off and reassured that journalists could continue their work freely as long as they remained within the closed loop.
[
272
]
[
273
]
[
274
]
[
271
]
Officials defended the strict COVID-19 measures, requiring all participants including athletes, officials, and media to remain within a "closed loop" system that included competition venues, the media center, and designated accommodations to limit virus transmission.
[
275
]
[
276
]
Yan Jiarong, spokeswoman for the Beijing Olympics, said "we welcome all the international media to cover the Beijing 2022 Games and we will also protect the legal rights of the international journalists".
[
277
]
Den Daas pushed back against the IOC's characterization of the incident as an "isolated" case, noting that he and other foreign journalists had been “hindered or stopped multiple times” by police while covering topics related to the Games.
[
278
]
[
279
]
Espionage directed at athletes
[
edit
]
China's espionage of athletes serves its political interests as well as addresses safety and COVID concerns. The
smartphone app
associated with the games, My2022, has been a particular subject of espionage concern.
[
280
]
All attendees to the Games, including athletes, audience members, and media, are required to use the My2022 app purportedly for daily COVID monitoring. The cybersecurity group
Citizen Lab
, a research institute at the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, warned that the My2022 app fails to provide encryption on many of its files, and has security weaknesses that leave users exposed to
data breaches
. The Citizen Lab disclosed the concerns about the app on 3 December 2021, giving the organizing 15 days to respond and 45 days to fix the issues. A new iOS version of MY2022 was released on 6 January 2022, which failed to fix these problems, while adding a new "Green Health Code", feature that collects more medical data and also lacks
SSL certificate
validation making it vulnerable to attacks.
[
281
]
Numerous Olympic committees, including the
British Olympic Association
, the
Australian Olympic Committee
,
Canadian Olympic Committee
,
NOC*NSF
, and
United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee
, have recommended that attendees use
burner phones
,
virtual private networks
(VPNs), and create email accounts for their time in China, while leaving personal smartphones and laptops at home.
[
262
]
[
282
]
[
283
]
Cyber security firm Internet 2.0 has also warned of potential security risks during the Olympics, when it examined the technology sponsors of the Games and their products that show "the sophisticated and broad surveillance culture that exists in China". Internet 2.0 noted that "China's national data security laws are not designed with the Western values of
privacy
and liberty and do not offer the same level of protection" as the laws allow the government to request access to the user data captured by these products.
[
262
]
Environmental impact
[
edit
]
An estimated 49 million US gallons (190,000,000 L; 41,000,000 imp gal) of water was expected to be used to
create snow
at the various venues.
Pyeongchang
, South Korea, which held the
previous Winter Olympics
, also had a cold but similarly arid climate that required vast quantities of
artificial snow
. Professor Carmen de Jong, a geographer at the
University of Strasbourg
, argued that these would be the "most unsustainable" Winter Olympics in history. The IOC stated that "a series of water-conserving and recycling designs have been put into place to optimise water usage for snowmaking, human consumption, and other purposes.
[
284
]
[
needs update
]
Artificial snow forms a harder piste compared to real snow. It is often favoured by professionals for being fast and "hyper-grippy" but also raises their fear of falling on it.
[
284
]
[
285
]
American snowboarder
Jamie Anderson
compared it to "pretty bulletproof ice" while her teammate Courtney Rummel compared it to the man-made snow in
Wisconsin
.
[
285
]
According to
Jules Boykoff
in February 2022, Beijing's electricity came largely from coal and this coal power was what supported the construction of some Olympic venues. To offset emissions from construction and air travel, China had planted roughly 60 million trees.
[
286
]
Sporting controversies
[
edit
]
There were concerns about decisions and disqualification in several events during the games. These issues included the following:
An official appeal to the
Court of Arbitration for Sport
over the disqualification of two South Korean athletes from the men's 1000 metres short track speed skating event filed by the
Korean Sport & Olympic Committee
, after having their protests rejected by the
International Skating Union
.
[
287
]
[
288
]
[
289
]
Controversy surrounding a ruling of an obstruction in the
5000 metres relay event
.
[
290
]
A potential missed call by judges during the
men's snowboard slopestyle
and
men's half pipe event
events.
[
291
]
[
292
]
[
293
]
[
294
]
A ruling of a false start in the men's
500 metres speed skating event
.
[
295
]
The disqualification of racers for their uniforms during the
mixed team normal hill event
of ski jumping.
The continued participation of the figure skater
Kamila Valieva
in the
women's singles competition
after a preliminary positive drug test from a sample 2 months prior.
[
296
]
Three athletes failed the doping test during the Olympics and were suspended: Iranian alpine skier
Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki
, Ukrainian cross-country skier
Valiantsina Kaminskaya
, and Ukrainian bobsledder
Lidiia Hunko
.
[
297
]
The positive test of the Spanish figure skater
Laura Barquero
was announced after the Olympics.
[
298
]
[
299
]
U.S. skater
Joey Mantia
alleged that South Korean skater
Lee Seung-hoon
made contact with him and pulled him back, preventing him from winning a bronze medal in the
Mass Start
final. Mantia lost by a 0.002-second margin. Team USA challenged the result, but Lee was awarded the bronze medal.
[
300
]
[
301
]
[
302
]
Athlete and officials complaints
[
edit
]
Compared to previous games, the 2022 Winter Games was notable in having strict protocols to prevent a disruptive outbreak while hosting competitive events. These include mandatory health monitoring apps and daily checks for all journalists and athletes and a "closed loop" system that segregated participants from the general public. There were mixed reactions towards the necessity of the measures being used to contain
COVID-19
at the games.
The Times
reported that many athletes had welcomed the infection control protocols however some athletes have pushed back. Overall, the event had a 0.01% infection rate and was able to successfully keep
Omicron
variant at bay. Among athletes who had tested positive, many were able to recover in the loop and compete, but a few were unable to. Due to the measures, there were no outbreaks at the games.
[
303
]
The food and overall conditions in
quarantine
hotels given to athletes testing positive for COVID-19 were criticised early on.
[
304
]
[
305
]
Team officials from delegations including Belgium, Germany, Poland, Finland and the Russian Olympic Committee all brought up issues their athletes faced in quarantine hotels, among them were the lack of internet connections, low-quality food, insufficient facilities and no training equipment.
[
306
]
[
307
]
[
308
]
With China's
Zero-COVID
policy, there were issues raised about the process of quarantine at the games.
[
304
]
On 2 February, Belgian skeleton athlete
Kim Meylemans
posted on social media and was in tears about the conditions she faced while in quarantine.
[
309
]
[
310
]
According to
Newsweek
and
Time
, the hotels' conditions appeared to have improved after the athletes' complaints were made public.
[
305
]
[
311
]
There were some complaints about the food served outside of quarantine. Germany's
alpine
coach Christian Schweiger called the catering "extremely questionable" for not having hot meals but he echoed athletes from several nations that the food at the nearby Athletes' Village was great.
[
312
]
The US and South Korean teams elected to bring their own food.
[
313
]
Austrian skier
Matthias Mayer
said that
Kitzbuehel
would have offered "the best of the best" but also that a hot meal right before a race might not bring out top performances.
[
312
]
[
314
]
Other complaints included low temperatures and related safety concerns. Sweden's
Frida Karlsson
nearly collapsed at the conclusion of the
women's skiathlon cross-country race
. Afterwards, her team considered requesting that races held in afternoons and evenings for European TV audiences be moved to earlier during the day.
[
224
]
[
223
]
Some athletes resorted to putting tape on their faces and noses to protect them from the bitter cold.
[
315
]
Heavy snowfall disrupted a number of competition and training events on 13 February. Thirty-three skiers did not finish their first run of the
men's giant slalom
.
Henrik Kristoffersen
of Norway said that he "couldn't see shit." Switzerland's
Loic Meillard
said, "It's not what I was hoping for but it's part of the game ... we've raced in conditions like that before."
[
316
]
2022 Winter Paralympics
Olympic Games held in China
2008 Summer Olympics
– Beijing
2014 Summer Youth Olympics
– Nanjing
2022 Winter Olympics
– Beijing
List of IOC country codes
List of Olympic Games boycotts
^
Originally simply
Zhuangke
. It is said that the village
Dazhuangke
has been officially renamed
Xidazhuangke
/
West Dazhuangke
to avoid confusion with the other
Dazhuangke
[
Wikidata
]
, also in
Yanqing District
.
Zhuangke
(庄窠) approximately means peasant dwellings/households in certain dialects of
Jin Chinese
;
Zhuangke
(庄科) is a Mandarin corruption of Jin Chinese
Zhuangke
(庄窠).
^
Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the
Russian Olympic Committee
.
^
NOC suspended.
^
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics)
- [1 Bidding process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Bidding_process)
- [2 Development and preparations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Development_and_preparations)
Toggle Development and preparations subsection
- [2\.1 Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Venues)
- [2\.1.1 Beijing Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Beijing_Zone)
- [2\.1.2 Zhangjiakou Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Zhangjiakou_Zone)
- [2\.2 Medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Medals)
- [2\.3 Torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Torch_relay)
- [2\.4 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic)
- [2\.5 Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Transportation)
- [2\.6 Budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Budget)
- [2\.7 Carbon Neutrality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Carbon_Neutrality)
- [3 Ceremonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Ceremonies)
Toggle Ceremonies subsection
- [3\.1 Opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Opening_ceremony)
- [3\.2 Closing ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Closing_ceremony)
- [4 Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Sports)
Toggle Sports subsection
- [4\.1 New events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#New_events)
- [5 Participating National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Participating_National_Olympic_Committees)
Toggle Participating National Olympic Committees subsection
- [5\.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee)
- [6 Calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Calendar)
- [7 Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Medal_table)
Toggle Medal table subsection
- [7\.1 Podium sweeps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Podium_sweeps)
- [7\.2 Changes in medal standings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Changes_in_medal_standings)
- [8 Marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Marketing)
Toggle Marketing subsection
- [8\.1 Emblem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Emblem)
- [8\.2 Mascot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Mascot)
- [8\.3 Slogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Slogan)
- [9 Viewership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Viewership)
- [10 Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Broadcasting)
- [11 Concerns and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Concerns_and_controversies)
Toggle Concerns and controversies subsection
- [11\.1 Diplomatic boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Diplomatic_boycott)
- [11\.1.1 Key event timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Key_event_timeline)
- [11\.1.2 Reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Reactions)
- [11\.2 Propaganda and information operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Propaganda_and_information_operations)
- [11\.3 Censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Censorship)
- [11\.3.1 Negative news censored during the games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Negative_news_censored_during_the_games)
- [11\.3.2 Harassment of journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Harassment_of_journalists)
- [11\.4 Espionage directed at athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Espionage_directed_at_athletes)
- [11\.5 Environmental impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Environmental_impact)
- [11\.6 Sporting controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Sporting_controversies)
- [11\.7 Athlete and officials complaints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Athlete_and_officials_complaints)
- [12 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#See_also)
- [13 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Notes)
- [14 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#References)
- [15 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# 2022 Winter Olympics
88 languages
- [Аԥсшәа](https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_2022 "Пекин 2022 – Abkhazian")
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Winterspele_2022 "Olimpiese Winterspele 2022 – Afrikaans")
- [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_d%27hibierno_de_2022 "Chuegos Olimpicos d'hibierno de 2022 – Aragonese")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_2022 "الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2022 – Arabic")
- [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7_2022 "اوليمبياد شتا 2022 – Egyptian Arabic")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Q%C4%B1%C5%9F_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1 "2022 Qış Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani")
- [Башҡортса](https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%A1%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_2022 "Ҡышҡы Олимпия уйындары 2022 – Bashkir")
- [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Dingin_2022 "Olimpiade Masan Dingin 2022 – Balinese")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_2022_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83 "Зімовыя Алімпійскія гульні 2022 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_2022 "Зімовыя Алімпійскія гульні 2022 – Belarusian")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2022 "Зимни олимпийски игри 2022 – Bulgarian")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95 "২০২২ শীতকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimske_olimpijske_igre_2022. "Zimske olimpijske igre 2022. – Bosnian")
- [Буряад](https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D2%AE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD "2022 оной Үбэлэй Олимпиин наадан – Russia Buriat")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Hivern_de_2022 "Jocs Olímpics d'Hivern de 2022 – Catalan")
- [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A2 "ئۆڵۆمپیادی زستانەی ٢٠٢٢ – Central Kurdish")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2022 "Zimní olympijské hry 2022 – Czech")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemau_Olympaidd_y_Gaeaf_2022 "Gemau Olympaidd y Gaeaf 2022 – Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinter-OL_2022 "Vinter-OL 2022 – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Winterspiele_2022 "Olympische Winterspiele 2022 – German")
- [Zazaki](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiyat%C3%AA_Z%C4%B1m%C4%B1stani_2022 "Olimpiyatê Zımıstani 2022 – Dimli")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_2022 "Χειμερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2022 – Greek")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintra_Olimpiko_2022 "Vintra Olimpiko 2022 – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Pek%C3%ADn_2022 "Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2022 – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022._aasta_taliol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud "2022. aasta taliolümpiamängud – Estonian")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022ko_Neguko_Olinpiar_Jokoak "2022ko Neguko Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2 "المپیک زمستانی ۲۰۲۲ – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talviolympialaiset_2022 "Talviolympialaiset 2022 – Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27hiver_de_2022 "Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 – French")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Winterspullen_2022 "Olympyske Winterspullen 2022 – Western Frisian")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluich%C3%AD_Oilimpeacha_an_Gheimhridh_2022 "Cluichí Oilimpeacha an Gheimhridh 2022 – Irish")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_2022 "Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 – Galician")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_\(2022\) "אולימפיאדת בייג'ינג (2022) – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 "2022 शीतकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXIV._Zimske_olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Peking_2022. "XXIV. Zimske olimpijske igre – Peking 2022. – Croatian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022._%C3%A9vi_t%C3%A9li_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok "2022. évi téli olimpiai játékok – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80_2022 "Ձմեռային օլիմպիական խաղեր 2022 – Armenian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Dingin_2022 "Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2022 – Indonesian")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintrala_Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Beijing,_2022 "Vintrala Olimpiala Ludi en Beijing, 2022 – Ido")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetrar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_2022 "Vetrarólympíuleikarnir 2022 – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXIV_Giochi_olimpici_invernali "XXIV Giochi olimpici invernali – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF "2022年北京オリンピック – Japanese")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_2022 "ზამთრის ოლიმპიური თამაშები 2022 – Georgian")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B "2022 жылғы Қысқы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh")
- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A0%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A2 "កីឡាអូឡាំពិករដូវរងាឆ្នាំ២០២២ – Khmer")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%EB%85%84_%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD "2022년 동계 올림픽 – Korean")
- [کٲشُر](https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF%D9%95_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3 "2022 وَنٛدٕ اولمپکس – Kashmiri")
- [Коми](https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A7%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A7%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81_\(2022\) "Тӧвся Олимпиада ворсӧмъяс (2022) – Komi")
- [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Wanterspiller_2022 "Olympesch Wanterspiller 2022 – Luxembourgish")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_m._%C5%BEiemos_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s "2022 m. žiemos olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022._gada_ziemas_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les "2022. gada ziemas olimpiskās spēles – Latvian")
- [Олык марий](https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_2022 "Теле Олимпий модмаш - Пекин 2022 – Eastern Mari")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2022 "Зимски олимписки игри 2022 – Macedonian")
- [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D3%A8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF "2022 оны Өвлийн Олимп – Mongolian")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Sejuk_2022 "Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2022 – Malay")
- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%82%E1%81%82_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2 "၂၀၂၂ ဆောင်းရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ – Burmese")
- [مازِرونی](https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9 "۲۰۲۲ زمستونی المپیک – Mazanderani")
- [Napulitano](https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXIV_Juoche_olimpiche_viernale "XXIV Juoche olimpiche viernale – Neapolitan")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Winterspelen_2022 "Olympische Winterspelen 2022 – Dutch")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinter-OL_2022 "Vinter-OL 2022 – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinter-OL_2022 "Vinter-OL 2022 – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Chi-Chewa](https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masewera_a_Olimpiki_Ozizira_a_2022 "Masewera a Olimpiki Ozizira a 2022 – Nyanja")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimowe_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_2022 "Zimowe Igrzyska Olimpijskie 2022 – Polish")
- [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3 "2022ء سرمائی اولمپکس – Western Punjabi")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_2022 "Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_iarn%C4%83_din_2022 "Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2022 – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_2022 "Зимние Олимпийские игры 2022 – Russian")
- [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%D0%9A%D1%8Bh%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0 "2022 Кыhыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2022 "Zimné olympijské hry 2022 – Slovak")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimske_olimpijske_igre_2022 "Zimske olimpijske igre 2022 – Slovenian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_2022. "Зимске олимпијске игре 2022. – Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_vinterspelen_2022 "Olympiska vinterspelen 2022 – Swedish")
- [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D "2022 குளிர்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_2022 "Бозиҳои олимпии зимистона 2022 – Tajik")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7_2022 "โอลิมปิกฤดูหนาว 2022 – Thai")
- [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Olimpiko_sa_Taglamig_2022 "Palarong Olimpiko sa Taglamig 2022 – Tagalog")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_K%C4%B1%C5%9F_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1 "2022 Kış Olimpiyatları – Turkish")
- [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_2022 "Кышкы Олимпия уеннары 2022 – Tatar")
- [Удмурт](https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81_2022 "Тол Олимпи шудонъёс 2022 – Udmurt")
- [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022-%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%83 "2022-يىللىق قىشلىق ئولىمپىك – Uyghur")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2022 "Зимові Олімпійські ігри 2022 – Ukrainian")
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Multi-sport event in Beijing, China
"Beijing 2022" redirects here. For the Winter Paralympics, see [2022 Winter Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics").
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_official_logo-en.svg)Emblem of the 2022 Winter Olympics | |
| Location | [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China |
| Motto | *Together for a Shared Future* (一起向未来; *Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái*) |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | 91 |
| Athletes | 2,880 |
| Events | 109 in 7 [sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") (15 disciplines) |
| [Opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony") | 4 February 2022 |
| [Closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony") | 20 February 2022 |
| [Opened by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") | [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_China "President of China") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") |
| Closed by | [IOC President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee "President of the International Olympic Committee") [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") |
| [Cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") | [Dilnigar Ilhamjan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilnigar_Ilhamjan "Dilnigar Ilhamjan") and [Zhao Jiawen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Jiawen "Zhao Jiawen") |
| [Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") | [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") |
| **Winter**← [PyeongChang 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [Milano Cortina 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics") → **Summer**← [Tokyo 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") [Paris 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") → [2022 Winter Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics") | |
| |
|---|
|  |
| Part of a series on |
| [2022 Winter Olympics]() |
| [Bid process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics") ([bid details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Beijing bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics")) Development ([venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics"), [torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay "2022 Winter Olympics torch relay")) [Marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_marketing "2022 Winter Olympics marketing") ([mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Dwen_Dwen_and_Shuey_Rhon_Rhon "Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon")) [Broadcasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_broadcasters "List of 2022 Winter Olympics broadcasters") [Opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony") ([flag bearers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_Parade_of_Nations "2022 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations")) [Chronological summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Event calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Calendar) [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_table "2022 Winter Olympics medal table") ([medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_winners "List of 2022 Winter Olympics medal winners")) [Concerns and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics") ([Russian doping scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Participating_National_Olympic_Committees), [withdrawals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_not_attending_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_due_to_COVID-19_concerns "List of athletes not attending the 2022 Winter Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns"), [COVID-19 cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics")) [World and Olympic records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_and_Olympic_records_set_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "World and Olympic records set at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Closing ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony") ([flag bearers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony_flag_bearers "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers")) [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics") **[IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee")** **[COC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee")** **[BOCOWG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games "Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games")** |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2022_Winter_Olympics "Template:2022 Winter Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2022_Winter_Olympics "Template talk:2022 Winter Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2022_Winter_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:2022 Winter Olympics") |
The **2022 Winter Olympics**, officially called the **XXIV Olympic Winter Games** ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì*) and commonly known as **Beijing 2022** (北京2022\), were an international winter [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-1) It was the 24th edition of the [Winter Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-2) These were the final winter games to take place under the IOC presidency of [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach").
Beijing was selected as the host city on 31 July 2015 during the [128th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_IOC_Session "128th IOC Session") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia, marking its second time hosting the Olympics and the last of three consecutive Games held in [East Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia"), following the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") in Tokyo, Japan, held six months earlier which was postponed by a year due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"). Having previously hosted the [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"), Beijing became the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The venues for the Games were concentrated around Beijing, its suburb [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"), and [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou"), with some events (including the ceremonies and curling) repurposing venues originally built for Beijing 2008 (such as [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") and the [Beijing National Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre")).
The Games featured a record 109 medal events across 15 disciplines, with [big air freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") and [women's monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_monobob "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's monobob") making their Olympic debuts as medal events, as well as several new mixed competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, snowboard cross and short track speed skating. A total of 2,880 athletes representing 91 teams competed in the Games, with [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") and [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") making their Winter Olympic debut.
Similar to the 2008 Games, Beijing's hosting of the 2022 Games was subject to various [concerns and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics") including those related to [human rights violations in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_China "Human rights in China"), such as the [persecution of Uyghurs in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China "Persecution of Uyghurs in China"). This led to ten countries participating in a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics, sending athletes but no government officials. Several other countries also did not send officials but cited its decision as due to COVID-19 precautions.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-6) The Chinese government's [internet troll networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare "Chinese information operations and information warfare") were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging, including campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-7) [\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Inside_the_Games-8) Controversies over the Games were [censored on the press and internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_China "Censorship in China"),[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-10) while foreign journalists were harassed. [\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-14)
Like the 2020 Summer Olympics, the 2022 Winter Olympics took place during the pandemic and were largely closed to the public, with only selected events open to invited guests at a reduced capacity. To minimise the risk of virus transmission, China implemented strict health and safety measures, including a closed-loop system, frequent testing, and quarantine protocols for participants. Consequently, no major outbreaks were reported during the Games.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-15) China's [mass surveillance practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China "Mass surveillance in China") led to espionage concerns among Games attendees, including unauthorized collection of data from the required [smartphone app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_app "Smartphone app").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-16) [\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:0-18)
[Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished at the top of the [medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_table "2022 Winter Olympics medal table") for the third successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished second with 12 golds and 27 medals overall. The [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished third with 9 golds and 25 medals overall, and the host nation [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished fourth with nine gold medals and also eleventh place by total medals won (15), marking its most successful performance in Winter Olympics history. [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished fifth with 8 golds and 18 medals overall, which is that nation's most successful Winter Olympics of all time in terms of both gold and total number of medals. The team representing the [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") ended up with the second largest number of medals won at the Games, with 32, but finished ninth on the medal table, as only five gold medals were won by the delegation. Although traditional Winter powerhouse [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") won 26 medals, only four of them were gold, resulting in a finish outside the top ten in the medal table for the first time since [1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics "1988 Winter Olympics") (34 years).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-medl-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-medalpe-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-23)
## Bidding process
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Bidding process")\]
Main article: [Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics")
The bidding calendar was announced by the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-24) The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014 and selected three cities, [Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo") (Norway), [Almaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty "Almaty") (Kazakhstan), and [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") (China), as the final candidates.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-25)
Several [bid cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") withdrew their bids during the process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support and funding for hosting the Games.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-26) The [Oslo bid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Oslo bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics"), considered the clear frontrunner, was canceled in the wake of a series of revelations about the IOC's demands for luxury treatment of IOC members that strongly turned public opinion and the parliamentary majority against the bid. The city withdrew its application for government funding after a majority of the [Norwegian parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_parliament "Norwegian parliament") had stated their intention to decline the application. In the days before the decision, Norwegian media had revealed the IOC's "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. The IOC also "demanded control over all advertising space throughout Oslo" to be used exclusively by IOC's sponsors, something that is not possible in Norway because the government doesn't own or control "all advertising space throughout Oslo" and has no authority to give a foreign private organisation exclusive use of a city and the private property within it.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-27) Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy; *[Slate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_\(magazine\) "Slate (magazine)")* described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-28)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-slate-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-31) Ole Berget, deputy minister in the Finance Ministry, said "the IOC's arrogance was an argument held high by a lot of people."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-aposlo-32) The country's largest newspaper commented that "Norway is a rich country, but we don't want to spend money on wrong things, like satisfying the crazy demands from IOC apparatchiks. These insane demands that they should be treated like the king of Saudi Arabia just won't fly with the Norwegian public."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-aposlo-32)
Beijing was selected as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the [128th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_IOC_Session "128th IOC Session") [IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC_Session "IOC Session") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia.
| City | Nation | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| **[Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Beijing bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics")** | ** China** | **44** |
| [Almaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Almaty bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics") |  Kazakhstan | 40 |
## Development and preparations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Development and preparations")\]
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### Venues
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Venues")\]
Main article: [Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_clusters_location_map-en.svg)
Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beijing_national_stadium.jpg)
Beijing National Stadium
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_Cube_Ice_Cube_Beijing_2.jpg)
National Aquatics Center
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_Speed_Skating_Oval_Beijing_2.jpg)
[Beijing National Speed Skating Oval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shougang_Big_Air_Venue_\(20210905144528\).jpg)
[Shougang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang") Big Air Venue
In February 2021, Beijing announced that the 26 venues (including training venues) for these sports would be running on entirely [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy "Renewable energy").[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-34)
There were three different clusters of venues designed and constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics, each respectively known as the Beijing Zone, the Zhangjiakou Zone, and the Yanqing Zone.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-35)
#### Beijing Zone
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Beijing Zone")\]
Venues in the Beijing Zone exist in different conditions; some were recently constructed exclusively for the 2022 games, while the rest were renovated from [the 2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") or other existing sites.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto4-36) The Beijing Zone of the 2022 Winter Olympics consisted of six competition venues and was where the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, for both the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, would take place.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto4-36)
Five ice events were held at the [Olympic Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Green "Olympic Green"), the [Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium") and the Beijing [Wukesong Sports Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Sports_Center "Wukesong Sports Center"), which had been some of the main venues of the [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"). The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events were held in a former industrial area in [Shijingshan District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shijingshan_District "Shijingshan District"), in [Western Hills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hills "Western Hills") area.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-37) Since the end of 2009, the [Beijing Olympic Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Olympic_Village "Beijing Olympic Village") apartments on the Olympic Green had been transformed into a residential area. There was therefore a need to build another Olympic Village on a smaller scale for the Winter Olympics. These new buildings are located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the neighbourhood of the [National Olympic Sports Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Sports_Center "National Olympic Sports Center") and served as a [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee") residential complex for those athletes who underwent training at the nearby venues.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-38)
The **[Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium")** ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 国家体育场) is an iconic venue in the Beijing Zone, also known as the **Bird's Nest** (鸟巢). The Beijing National Stadium was the site that hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but it did not host any competition in 2022.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-39)
The **[National Aquatics Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre")** (国家游泳中心), also known as the **Water Cube** (水立方), was the venue for [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling "Curling") competition.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-40) In the 2022 Winter Olympics, the National Aquatics Center became the first Olympic venue to incorporate a curling track in the swimming pool.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-41)
The **[Shougang Big Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang")** (首钢滑雪大跳台中心) was newly constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-42) The Shougang Big Air hosted the [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing") and [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") events.
The [**Wukesong Sports Centre**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Arena "Wukesong Arena") (五棵松体育馆) was under an 8-month renovation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In February 2022, the Wukesong Sports Centre hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics Men's and Women's [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") tournaments.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-43)
The [**National Indoor Stadium**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium "Beijing National Indoor Stadium") (国家体育馆) was the second venue for the [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") tournament for the 2022 Winter Olympics, besides the Wukesong Sports Centre.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-44)
The [**National Speed Skating Oval**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval") (国家速滑馆) has the nickname "Ice Ribbon" due to its exterior design. The National Speed Skating Oval was the venue for [speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating "Speed skating") in the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The **[Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium")** (首都体育馆), also known as the Capital Gymnasium, was a venue adapted from the 2008 Summer Olympics and was reconstructed for [short-track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating "Short-track speed skating") and [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating "Figure skating") competitions in the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-45)
- [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") – [opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_ceremony "Opening ceremony"), awarding and [closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_ceremony "Closing ceremony") ceremonies / *80,000* **existing**
- [Beijing National Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre") – [curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling "Curling") / *3,795* **renovated**
- [Beijing National Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium "Beijing National Indoor Stadium") – [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") / *19,418* **existing**
- [Beijing National Speed Skating Oval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval") – [speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating "Speed skating") / *11,950* **new**
- [Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium") – [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating "Figure skating"), [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating "Short track speed skating") / *13,289* **existing**
- [Wukesong Sports Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Sports_Centre "Wukesong Sports Centre") – [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") / *15,384* **existing**
- [Big Air Shougang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang") – [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") (Big Air), [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing") (Big Air) – *4,912* **new**
- Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village – **new**
[Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District") is a suburban district localised at the [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing")'s far north. Competitions for [luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge "Luge"), [skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_\(sport\) "Skeleton (sport)"), [bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh "Bobsleigh") and [alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing "Alpine skiing") were held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the [West Dazhuangke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Dazhuangke&action=edit&redlink=1 "West Dazhuangke (page does not exist)") village[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-46) of [Zhangshanying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangshanying "Zhangshanying") in [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"), northwest of the urban area of Beijing, 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 miles) away from the town of [Yanqing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_\(town\) "Yanqing (town)"), using [artificial snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_snow "Artificial snow") because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Phillips2015-47)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Mills2015-48)
- [National Alpine Ski Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaohaituo_Alpine_Skiing_Field "Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field") ([Rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_\(ski_course\) "Rock (ski course)"), [Ice River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_River_\(ski_course\) "Ice River (ski course)")) – [alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing "Alpine skiing") *4,800* **new**
- [National Sliding Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Sliding_Centre "National Sliding Centre") – [bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh "Bobsleigh"), [luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge "Luge"), [skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_\(sport\) "Skeleton (sport)") / *7,400* **new**
- Yanqing Olympic Village / **new**
#### Zhangjiakou Zone
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Zhangjiakou Zone")\]
All other skiing events were held in [Taizicheng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taizicheng "Taizicheng") Area in [Chongli District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongli_District "Chongli District"), [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou") city, [Hebei province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebei_province "Hebei province"). It is 220 km (140 mi) from downtown Beijing and 130 km (81 mi) away from [Xiaohaituo Mountain Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiaohaituo_Mountain_Area&action=edit&redlink=1 "Xiaohaituo Mountain Area (page does not exist)"). The ski resort earned over [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A5 "¥") 1.54 billion (US\$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 winter season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All the venues construction started in November 2016 and was finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-49)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
- [Snow Ruyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Ruyi_National_Ski_Jumping_Centre "Snow Ruyi National Ski Jumping Centre") – [ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping "Ski jumping"), [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined") (ski jumping) *6,000*
- National Biathlon Centre – [biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon "Biathlon") *6,024*
- [Genting Snow Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Snow_Park "Genting Snow Park")
- Park A – Ski and snowboard cross *1,774*
- Park B – Halfpipe and Slopestyle (freestyle skiing and snowboard) *2,550*
- Park C – Aerials and Moguls *1,597*
- National Cross-Country Centre – [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined") (cross-country), [cross-country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_\(sport\) "Cross-country skiing (sport)") *6,023*
- Zhangjiakou Olympic Village
- Zhangjiakou Medals Plaza
### Medals
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Medals")\]
Further information: [Olympic medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal "Olympic medal")
The design for the Games' medals was unveiled on 26 October 2021. The concept is based on the 2008 Summer Olympics medals and Chinese astronomy and astrology as the games were held coinciding with the [Chinese New Year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") festivities.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-50)
The uniforms for medal presenters at medal ceremonies were unveiled in January 2022.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-beijing_2022_reveals_uniforms_for_medal_ceremonies_heavily_influenced_by_snow_2022-51) The uniforms have been designed in a joint project by the [Central Academy of Fine Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Academy_of_Fine_Arts "Central Academy of Fine Arts") and [Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology "Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-beijing_2022_reveals_uniforms_for_medal_ceremonies_heavily_influenced_by_snow_2022-51)
### Torch relay
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Torch relay")\]
Main article: [2022 Winter Olympics torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay "2022 Winter Olympics torch relay")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_cauldron_at_Yanqing_Winter_Olympic_Cultural_Square_\(20220219133706\).jpg)
A torch serves as the cauldron in Yanqing
The torch relay started on 18 October 2021 in Greece. On 20 October 2021, it was announced that the local leg would start on 2 February and end on 4 February 2022 during the Opening Ceremonies. The local leg only visited two cities: [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") and [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-52) Activists staged a protest at the Olympic torch lighting ceremony in Greece.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-NBC_Chicago_2022-53)
The inclusion and television appearance of Qi Fabao, a [People's Liberation Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army "People's Liberation Army") commander well known in China for his involvement in the [2020–2021 China–India skirmishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes "2020–2021 China–India skirmishes"), as one of 1,200 torchbearers have been controversial, with India launching a diplomatic boycott of the Games as a result.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-54)
### Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic")\]
See also: [2020 Summer Olympics § Biosecurity protocols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Biosecurity_protocols "2020 Summer Olympics"), [COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China"), and [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winter_olympic_bubble_vehicle_sign_on_the_rear_of_a_bus_\(20220201124650\).jpg)
Buses serving the Olympic bubble have red stickers on front and rear
The [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") resulted in changes in the qualifying process for [curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") and [women's ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification") due to the [cancellation of tournaments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") in 2020. Qualification for curling was based on placement in the 2021 World Curling Championships and an [Olympic Qualification Event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Olympic_Qualification_Event_%E2%80%93_Curling "2021 Olympic Qualification Event – Curling") that completed the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 World Curling Championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing [IIHF World Rankings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF_World_Ranking "IIHF World Ranking"), without holding the [2020 Women's World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship "2020 IIHF Women's World Championship").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-55)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-56)
On 29 September 2021, the IOC announced biosecurity protocols for the Games; all athletes were required to remain within the [bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") (referred to as a "closed-loop management system") for the duration of their participation, which included daily [COVID-19 testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing"), and only being allowed to travel to and from Games-related venues. Unless they are fully-[vaccinated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") or have a valid medical exemption, all athletes were required to quarantine for 21 days upon their arrival. Mirroring a protocol adopted for the 2020 Summer Olympics before they were moved [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)"), the IOC also announced that only residents of the People's Republic of China would be permitted to attend the Games as spectators.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-58)
On 23 December 2021, the [National Hockey League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League "National Hockey League") (NHL) and its labor union, the [National Hockey League Players' Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League_Players%27_Association "National Hockey League Players' Association") (NHLPA), announced the withdrawal of their players' participation in the Games' men's hockey tournament, citing concerns over COVID-19 and the need to make up games that had been postponed due to COVID-19 outbreak.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-59)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-61) As part of their latest [collective agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_agreement "Collective agreement") with the NHLPA, the NHL had agreed to accommodate a break for player participation in the Olympics for the first time since [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics").[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-62) The NHL had until 10 January 2022 to opt out of Olympic participation without financial penalty.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-63)
On 17 January 2022, amid increasing lockdowns across China and the first detected case of the [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_variant "Omicron variant") in Beijing, it was announced that ticket sales to the general public were cancelled, and that limited numbers of spectators would be admitted by invitation only. These, therefore, became the second Olympics in a row that were closed to the general public.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-64) In the lead-up to the Games, organisers stated that they had aimed for at least 30% capacity at each venue, divided equally between spectators from within the "closed loop" (including dignitaries, delegations, and the press), and invited guests from outside of it (including local residents, school students, winter sports enthusiasts, and marketing partners). At least 150,000 spectators from outside the "closed loop" were expected to attend. Spectators were only present at events held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou; all events in Yanqing were held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-65)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-66)
Everyone present at the Games, including athletes, staff, and attendees, were required to use the My2022 [mobile app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app "Mobile app") as part of the biosecurity protocols, which was used for submissions of [customs declarations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_declaration "Customs declaration") and health records for travel to the Games, daily health self-reporting, and records of COVID-19 vaccination and testing. The app also provided news and information relating to the Games, and [messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messaging_app "Messaging app") functions. Concerns were raised about the security of the My2022 app and how information collected by it would be used, so several delegations advised their athletes to bring [burner phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burner_phone "Burner phone") and laptops for the duration of the games.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:0-18)
Because of the strict COVID-19 protocol, some top athletes, considered to be medal contenders, were not able to travel to China after having tested positive, even if asymptomatic. The cases included Austrian ski jumper [Marita Kramer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marita_Kramer "Marita Kramer"), the leader of the World Cup ranking,[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-67) and Russian skeletonist [Nikita Tregubov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Tregubov "Nikita Tregubov"), silver medalist of the 2018 Winter Olympics.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-68)
### Transportation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Transportation")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guantingreservoirandbridges.jpg)
[G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G6_Beijing%E2%80%93Lhasa_Expressway "G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway") and [Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Zhangjiakou_intercity_railway "Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway") connect Beijing with Zhangjiakou.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CR400BF-C-5162_at_Chengjiayao_\(20220110145226\).jpg)
[CR400BF-C-5162](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Railway_CR400BF "China Railway CR400BF") had been converted to a dedicated train for the Winter Olympics.
The new [Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Zhangjiakou_intercity_railway "Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway") opened in late 2019, starting from [Beijing North railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_North_railway_station "Beijing North railway station") and ending at [Zhangjiakou railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou_railway_station_\(Opened_in_1957\) "Zhangjiakou railway station (Opened in 1957)"). It was built for speeds of up to 350 km/h (220 mph); with this new road system, the travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was decreased to around 50 minutes. A dedicated train for the Winter Olympics began to run on this line in January 2022, featuring a mobile television studio that supports live broadcast on the train.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-69)
On 31 December 2021, the [Beijing Subway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Subway "Beijing Subway") reached the planned 783 km (487 mi) at the bid book.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-70)
Planned before the city was awarded the rights to the Games, the [Beijing Daxing International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Daxing_International_Airport "Beijing Daxing International Airport") opened in 2019, and due to the strategic location, it would be the main focus for the arrival and entry of delegations on Chinese soil. Chinese officials had hoped that this airport would replace Beijing Capital International Airport as the country's main hub for arrivals and departures between its opening and the Winter Games and reduce the international and domestic demands of the older airport. This airport replaced the old [Beijing Nanyuan Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Nanyuan_Airport "Beijing Nanyuan Airport") which was out of date and was on the list of the most dangerous airports in the world because of its location and since its opening, it has been sharing the local and international demands of the city and the country with the older [Beijing Capital International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport "Beijing Capital International Airport").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-71) However, according to the COVID-19 pandemic security protocol manual issued by [BOCWOG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games "Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games") and International Olympic Committee, all foreign delegations could only enter and leave Beijing via [the Capital International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport "Beijing Capital International Airport") due to its smaller size and the fact that it is closer to the city center and Olympic Green and has specific isolation areas and a better health protocols.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-covmanual-72)
### Budget
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Budget")\]
The original estimated budget for the Games was US\$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the \$43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-73) Although there were reports that the games might cost more than US\$38.5 billion,[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-74) the final official budget was US\$2.24 billion and turning a profit of \$52 million, of which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) donated \$10.4 million of that surplus to the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) to help with the development of sport in China.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-76)
### Carbon Neutrality
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Carbon Neutrality")\]
The 2022 Winter Olympics was promoted as a carbon neutral games that had a 100% green energy policy, where all competition venues were to be powered entirely by [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy "Renewable energy"), delivered through the specially constructed Zhangbei direct current (DC) grid, that transferred wind and solar energy from Zhangjiakou to Beijing. Five of the seven ice venues had been reused from the previous 2008 Summer Olympics. The 2022 Winter Games was also the first to use natural CO2 refrigerants to reduce carbon emissions from the cooling process to near zero. To offset remaining emissions, 80,000 hectares of forest were planted in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. All passenger cars and 85% of official vehicles were clean energy or fuel efficient, including 816 [hydrogen-fueled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle "Hydrogen vehicle") vehicles.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-77)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-79)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-81)
Some researchers commended Beijing’s mitigation of a wide range of emissions, but cautioned that future Olympic Games should rely less on carbon offsetting to risk creating junk assets that cannot be maintained after the games are completed. Critics had argued that the use of afforestation and grid-connected renewable energy projects, might also have existed regardless of the Olympics, and that it was questionable on whether those carbon offsets can be fairly counted as a result of the Winter Olympics and termed it as "green-washing".[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-82)
## Ceremonies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Ceremonies")\]
### Opening ceremony
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Opening ceremony")\]
Main article: [2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winter_Olympics_countdown_clock_at_Wangfujing_Dept_Store_\(20211226163703\).jpg)
Winter Olympics countdown clock at Wangfujing Dept Store (26 December 2021)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin_attended_the_opening_ceremony_of_2022_Beijing_Winter_Olympics_\(2\).jpg)
A scene from the opening ceremony; in lieu of a [cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_cauldron "Olympic cauldron"), the Olympic torch was mounted in the centre of a large snowflake sculpture
The opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 4 February 2022 at [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium").
Amid the political controversies and tensions impacting the Games, IOC president [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") instructed athletes to "show how the world would look like, if we all respect the same rules and each other", and pledged that "there \[would\] be no discrimination for any reason whatsoever."[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-83)
The final seven torchbearers reflected multiple decades of Chinese athletes, beginning with the 1950s, and concluding with two skiers competing in the Games—21 year-old skier Zhao Jiawen from [Shanxi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi "Shanxi") (the first Chinese athlete to compete in [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics")), and 20-year-old [Dinigeer Yilamujiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinigeer_Yilamujiang "Dinigeer Yilamujiang") from the [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang "Xinjiang") autonomous region ([cross-country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics"), and the first Chinese cross-country skier to win a medal in an [ISF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation "International Ski Federation") event).[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Uyghur_lighting-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85)
For the first time in Olympic history, the final torchbearers did not light a cauldron: instead, they fitted the torch into the centre of a large stylised [snowflake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake "Snowflake"), constructed from placards bearing the names of the delegations competing in the Games.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85) Three similar snowflakes were also erected as public flames, with one outside of the stadium lit by a volunteer, one in Yanqing District lit by speed skater [Yu Jongjun](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yu_Jongjun&action=edit&redlink=1 "Yu Jongjun (page does not exist)"), and the third in Zhangjiakou lit by skier [Wang Wezhuo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Wezhuo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Wang Wezhuo (page does not exist)").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Uyghur_lighting-84)
### Closing ceremony
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Closing ceremony")\]
Main article: [2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony")
The closing ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at Beijing National Stadium on 20 February 2022; it included a cultural presentation, closing remarks, and the formal handover to [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan "Milan") and [Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo "Cortina d'Ampezzo") as co-hosts of the [2026 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics").[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ceremonieswp-86)
## Sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Sports")\]
The 2022 Winter Olympics included a record 109 medal events over 15 disciplines in seven sports.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-sports2022-87) There are seven new medal events, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's [monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobob "Monobob"), mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-88)
*Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each discipline.*
-  [Alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing "Alpine skiing")
(11)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon "Biathlon")
(11)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh "Bobsleigh")
(4)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Cross-country skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_\(sport\) "Cross-country skiing (sport)")
(12)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling "Curling")
(3)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating "Figure skating")
(5)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing")
(13)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey")
(2)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge "Luge")
(4)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined")
(3)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Short-track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating "Short-track speed skating")
(9)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Short-track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_\(sport\) "Skeleton (sport)")
(2)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping "Ski jumping")
(5)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding")
(11)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
-  [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating "Speed skating")
(14)
([details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics"))
### New events
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: New events")\]
In October 2016, the [International Ski Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation "International Ski Federation") (FIS) announced plans to begin permitting women's competitions in [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined"), to contest the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-89) In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a [ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping "Ski jumping") mixed team competition and men's and women's [big air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_air "Big air") in [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing").[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-90) At their May 2018 [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation#FIS_Congress_history "International Ski Federation") at the Costa Navarino resort in [Messenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenia "Messenia"), [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece "Greece"), the FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make [telemark skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemark_skiing "Telemark skiing") an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the [aerials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_Skiing#Aerial_skiing "Freestyle Skiing") mixed team event, and several new [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") events: the men and women's [snowboard cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboard_cross "Snowboard cross") team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-91) The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the [2014 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics") in [Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi "Sochi"), [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"), but were dropped from the Olympic program in [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") to make way for the snowboarding [big air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_air "Big air") competitions.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
The [International Luge Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Luge_Federation "International Luge Federation") (FIL) proposed the addition of six new events, including [natural track luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_track_luge "Natural track luge") (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-93)
The [International Skating Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union "International Skating Union") (ISU) continued to campaign for the addition of [synchronised skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronized_skating "Synchronized skating") as a new event within the discipline of [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympics "Figure skating at the Olympics").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-94) The ISU also proposed a new mixed team event in [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating "Short track speed skating").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)
In [biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon "Biathlon"), a single mixed relay was proposed by the [International Biathlon Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Biathlon_Union "International Biathlon Union") (IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92) Also, the [International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bobsleigh_and_Skeleton_Federation "International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation") (IBSF) proposed a new team event, but there was no plan to introduce a four-woman bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)
In July 2018, the IOC announced changes to the program for the 2022 Winter Olympics as part of a goal to increase the participation of women, and appeal to younger audiences. Seven new medal events were added (expanding the total program to 109 events), including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's [monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobob "Monobob"), mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-95) Women's Nordic combined was not added; Nordic combined remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-96)
## Participating National Olympic Committees
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees")\]
On December 9, 2019, the [World Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency "World Anti-Doping Agency") (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the [Russian Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anti-Doping_Agency "Russian Anti-Doping Agency") being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared [Russian athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") to take part in the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") under a neutral banner, as instigated at the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics"), but they were not permitted to compete in team sports. WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "[Olympic Athletes from Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics")" (OAR) again, as it did in 2018, emphasising that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-97)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-98)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-99) Russia later filed an appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") (CAS) against the WADA decision.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-100)
After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 to reduce the penalty WADA had placed on Russia. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate in the Olympics and other international events, but for two years, the team could not use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team." The ruling did allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-101)
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. Russia would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-102)
On September 8, 2021, the IOC Executive Board suspended the [Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea "Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea") (North Korea) through at least the end of 2022 for violations of the [Olympic Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter"), over its refusal to send athletes to the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") in Tokyo due to COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns. North Korean athletes would be allowed to participate under the Olympic flag.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-103)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-104)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-105)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-106) However, the North Korean Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee said in a letter to the [2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games "Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games"), the [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee"), and the [General Administration of Sport of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Administration_of_Sport_of_China "General Administration of Sport of China") on January 7, 2022, that due to "hostile forces' moves" and the COVID-19 pandemic, they would not be able to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-107) In addition, the North Korean Olympic Committee said it would "give full support to all the work of the Chinese comrades to hold a grand and wonderful Olympic festival" but accused the "US and its followers" of being increasingly "vicious" with the aim of hampering the Games, indirectly referencing the diplomatic boycott.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-108)
The following 91 [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") had qualified athletes (two fewer than four years earlier), with [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti "Haiti") and [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") making their Winter Olympic débuts.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-109)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110) Kenya qualified one athlete, but withdrew.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ken-111)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympic_games_countries.svg)
Participating countries at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Countries making their debuts at the Winter Olympics
Host city ([Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"))
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_team_numbers.svg)
Country by team size
| Participating [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Category:Nations at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | |
|---|---|
|  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Albania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-112)  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-as-113)  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Andorra at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-114)  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Argentina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-115)  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-116)  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Australia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (43)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-117)  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (106)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-118)  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-119)  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belarus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (26)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-120)  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (19)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-121)  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-122)  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-123)  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (10)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-124)  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (15)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-125)  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (215)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-126)  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chile at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-127)  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (182)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-128) **(Hosts)**  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-129)  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Colombia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-130)  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Croatia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (11)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-131)  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-132)  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (114)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-133)  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Denmark at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (62)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-134)  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-135)  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-136)  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (26)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-137)  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (95)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-138)  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (86)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-139)  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Georgia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (9)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-140)  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (149)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-141)  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ghana at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-142)  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (50)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-143)  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-144)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-hai-145)  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-146)  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (14)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-147)  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iceland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-148)  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "India at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-149)  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iran at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-150)  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ireland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-151)  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Israel at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-152)  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (118)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-153)  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (7)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-154)  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (124)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-155)  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (34)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-156)  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-157)  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-158)  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Latvia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (60)  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-159)  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-160)  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (13)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-161)  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-162)  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-163)  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-164)  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malta at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-165)  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mexico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-166)  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Moldova at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-167)  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-168)  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-169)  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-170)  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Morocco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-171)  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (41)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-172)  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (15)[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-173)  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-174)  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-175)  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (84)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-176)  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-177)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-per-178)  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Philippines at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-179)  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Poland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (57)[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-180)  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Portugal at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-181)  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-182)  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (212)[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-183)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-184)  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Romania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (21)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-185)  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "San Marino at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-186)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ksa-187)  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Serbia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-188)  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (50)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-189)  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (42)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-190)  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "South Korea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (64)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-191)  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Spain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (14)[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-192)  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (116)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-193)  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (167)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-194)  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-195)  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-196)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-tto-197)  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Turkey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (7)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-198)  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (45)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-199)  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (224)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-200)  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-201)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-isv-202) | |
| NOCs that participated in 2018, but did not in 2022.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-203) | NOCs that participated in 2022, but did not in 2018. |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-204)  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Kenya at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ken-111)  [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-205)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-206)  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Singapore at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "South Africa at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Togo at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Tonga at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-207) |  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-as-113)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-per-178)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-tto-197)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-isv-202) |
### Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee")\]
2,871 [athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlete "Athlete") from 91 [NOCs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee"):
| [Ranking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking "Ranking") | [NOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") | [Athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletes "Athletes") |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 224 |
| 2 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 215 |
| 3 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 212 |
| 4 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 182 |
| 5 |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 167 |
| 6 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 149 |
| 7 |  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 124 |
| 8 |  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 118 |
| 9 |  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 116 |
| 10 |  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 114 |
| 11 |  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 106 |
| 12 |  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 95 |
| 13 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 86 |
| 14 |  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 84 |
| 15 |  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "South Korea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 64 |
| 16 |  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Denmark at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 62 |
| 17 |  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Latvia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 60 |
| 18 |  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Poland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 57 |
| 19 |  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 50 |
| 20 |  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 50 |
| 21 |  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 45 |
| 23 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Australia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 43 |
| 22 |  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 42 |
| 24 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 41 |
| 25 |  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 34 |
| 26 |  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belarus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 26 |
|  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 26 | |
| 28 |  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Romania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 21 |
| 29 |  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 19 |
| 30 |  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 15 |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 15 | |
| 32 |  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 14 |
|  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Spain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 14 | |
| 34 |  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 13 |
| 35 |  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Croatia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 11 |
| 36 |  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 10 |
| 37 |  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Georgia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 9 |
| 38 |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Turkey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 |
|  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 | |
| 40 |  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Argentina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 |
|  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ireland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Israel at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
| 45 |  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Andorra at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 |
|  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
|  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iceland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
|  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Moldova at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
| 49 |  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chile at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 |
|  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
|  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mexico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
|  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
| 53 |  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Colombia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 |
|  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iran at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Portugal at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
| 61 |  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 |
|  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "San Marino at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Serbia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
| 73 |  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Albania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 |
|  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ghana at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "India at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malta at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Morocco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Philippines at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
| Total | 2,871 | |
## Calendar
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Calendar")\]
See also: [Chronological summary of the 2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2022 Winter Olympics")
Competition began two days before the opening ceremony on 2 February, and ended on 20 February 2022.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-208) Organizers went through several revisions of the schedule, and each edition needed to be approved by the IOC.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-209)
*All times and dates use [China Standard Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Standard_Time "China Standard Time") ([UTC+8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B8 "UTC+8"))*
| | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[OC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony")** | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | **1** | Event finals | **EG** | Exhibition gala | **[CC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony")** | Closing ceremony |
| February 2022 | 2nd Wed | 3rd Thu | 4th Fri | 5th Sat | 6th Sun | 7th Mon | 8th Tue | 9th Wed | 10th Thu | 11th Fri | 12th Sat | 13th Sun | 14th Mon | 15th Tue | 16th Wed | 17th Thu | 18th Fri | 19th Sat | 20th Sun | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Rings_Icon.svg) Ceremonies | | | **OC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **CC** | —N/a |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **1** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **1** | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biathlon_pictogram.svg) [Biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | | **1** | **1** | | | **1** | **1** | **2** | | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bobsleigh_pictogram.svg) [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Cross-country skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | | | **1** | **1** | **12** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curling_pictogram.svg) [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **3** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_skating_pictogram.svg) [Figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | ● | | ● | **1** | ● | | **1** | | ● | | **1** | ● | | **1** | ● | **1** | **EG** | **5** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freestyle_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | ● | | **1** | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | **1** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | | **13** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg) [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | **2** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luge_pictogram.svg) [Luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | ● | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nordic_combined_pictogram.svg) [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | **1** | | | | | | **1** | | **1** | | | | **3** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_track_speed_skating_pictogram.svg) [Short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | | **1** | | **2** | | | **2** | | | | | **9** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skeleton_pictogram.svg) [Skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **2** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg) [Ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | ● | **1** | | **1** | | | | | | | **5** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snowboarding_pictogram.svg) [Snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **1** | | ● | **2** | | | | | | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Speed_skating_pictogram.svg) [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | **1** | **2** | | **14** |
| Daily medal events | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 109 |
| Cumulative total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 21 | 31 | 37 | 45 | 52 | 58 | 65 | 69 | 78 | 86 | 92 | 97 | 104 | 109 | |
| February 2022 | 2nd Wed | 3rd Thu | 4th Fri | 5th Sat | 6th Sun | 7th Mon | 8th Tue | 9th Wed | 10th Thu | 11th Fri | 12th Sat | 13th Sun | 14th Mon | 15th Tue | 16th Wed | 17th Thu | 18th Fri | 19th Sat | 20th Sun | Total events |
## Medal table
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Medal table")\]
For a more comprehensive list, see [2022 Winter Olympics medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_table "2022 Winter Olympics medal table").
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medals_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_on_exhibit_\(20220905115734\).jpg)
Medals of 2022 Winter Olympics
‡ Change in medal table
\* Host nation ([China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"))
| Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 16 | 8 | 13 | 37 |
| 2 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 12 | 10 | 5 | 27 |
| 3 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics")‡ | 9 | 9 | 7 | 25 |
| 4 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics")\* | 9 | 4 | 2 | 15 |
| 5 |  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 8 | 5 | 5 | 18 |
| 6 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 8 | 5 | 4 | 17 |
| 7 |  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 | 7 | 4 | 18 |
| 8 |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 | 2 | 6 | 15 |
| 9 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics")‡ | 5 | 12 | 15 | 32 |
| 10 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | 7 | 2 | 14 |
| 11–29 | Remaining | 23 | 40 | 47 | 110 |
| Totals (29 entries) | 109 | 109 | 110 | 328 | |
### Podium sweeps
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Podium sweeps")\]
| Date | Sport | Event | Team | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 February | [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | [Two-man bob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Two-man "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Two-man") |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | [Francesco Friedrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Friedrich "Francesco Friedrich") [Thorsten Margis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorsten_Margis "Thorsten Margis") | [Johannes Lochner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Lochner "Johannes Lochner") [Florian Bauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_Bauer "Florian Bauer") | [Christoph Hafer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Hafer "Christoph Hafer") [Matthias Sommer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sommer "Matthias Sommer") | [\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-211) |
### Changes in medal standings
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Changes in medal standings")\]
See also: [List of stripped Olympic medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals "List of stripped Olympic medals")
On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified [Kamila Valieva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamila_Valieva "Kamila Valieva"), a Russian figure skater, for four years (retroactive to 25 December 2021) for an anti-doping rule violation.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-212) On 30 January 2024, the ISU reallocated medals in the [figure skating team event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Team_event "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Team event") to upgrade the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-213)
## Marketing
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Marketing")\]
Main article: [2022 Winter Olympics marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_marketing "2022 Winter Olympics marketing")
### Emblem
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[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A5%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%8A%B1%E5%9D%9B_%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A5.jpg)
Flower bed along [Chang'an Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27an_Avenue "Chang'an Avenue").
The emblem for the 2022 Winter Olympics, "Winter Dream" (冬梦), was unveiled on 15 December 2017 at the [Beijing National Aquatics Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Center "Beijing National Aquatics Center"). Designed by Lin Cunzhen (who previously designed the emblem of the [2014 Summer Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") in [Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing "Nanjing")), the emblem is a stylised rendition of the Chinese character for winter (冬) as a multi-coloured ribbon, reflecting upon the landscapes of the host region. The beginning of the ribbon symbolises an ice skater, while the end of the ribbon symbolises a skier. The emblem carries a blue, red, and yellow colour scheme: the latter two colours represent both the [flag of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China "Flag of China"), and "passion, youth, and vitality".[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-214)
### Mascot
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Main article: [Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Dwen_Dwen_and_Shuey_Rhon_Rhon "Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon")
[Bing Dwen Dwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Dwen_Dwen_and_Shuey_Rhon_Rhon "Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon") was the mascot of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from thousands of Chinese designs in 35 countries worldwide. "Bing" (冰) means ice in Chinese, and was meant to suggest purity and strength. "Dwen Dwen" (墩墩) was meant to suggest robustness, liveliness, and youth. Bing Dwen Dwen's astronaut-like clothes implied that the Winter Olympics embraced new technologies and created possibilities.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-215)
### Slogan
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The Games' official slogan, "Together for a Shared Future" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 一起向未来; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái*), was announced on 17 September 2021; organisers stated that the slogan was intended to reflect "the power of the Games to overcome global challenges as a community".[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-216)
The slogan was compared in media with [Chinese leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping")'s policy slogan: 'Building the Common Future of Humanity'.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-217)
## Viewership
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- Independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recorded 2.01 billion viewers across television and digital platforms.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto6-218)[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-219)
- A total of 713 billion minutes of coverage was watched on various Olympic Media Rights Partners' channels, which represents an 18 per cent increase when comparing with the last Winter Olympics.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto6-218)
## Broadcasting
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Main article: [List of 2022 Winter Olympics broadcasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_broadcasters "List of 2022 Winter Olympics broadcasters")
In China, domestic rights to these Games were owned by [China Media Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Media_Group "China Media Group") (CMG), with rights being sublicensed by [China Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Mobile "China Mobile")'s Migu streaming service.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-220)
These Games confirmed an ongoing trend in U.S. viewership of the Olympics; while television viewership had seen a further decline, they were offset by increases in [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") engagement and [streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") viewership of the Games. Similar trends were seen in Europe, where amidst falling TV ratings Eurosport reported an eight-fold increase in streaming viewership on its platforms and [Discovery+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%2B "Discovery+") over Pyeongchang 2018.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-221)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-222)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-223)
## Concerns and controversies
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Main article: [Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protest_von_Tibetern_und_Uiguren_vor_dem_Brandenburger_Tor_gegen_die_Olympischen_Spiele_Beiing_2022_05_\(cropped\).jpg)
Demonstration of Tibetans and Uyghurs in front of the [Brandenburg Gate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate "Brandenburg Gate") in [Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin "Berlin") against the Olympic Games in Beijing 2022
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boycott_Chinese_Winter_Olympics_Protest.jpg)
Protest by Tibetan independence groups against Chinese Winter Olympics (2022) held in Lausanne at the headquarters of the IOC
During the bidding process, critics questioned the Beijing bid, arguing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-224)[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-225)
Additional concerns about weather conditions were raised during certain events. Swedish athlete [Frida Karlsson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Karlsson "Frida Karlsson") nearly collapsed after the [women's skiathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_15_kilometre_skiathlon "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon") due to low temperatures.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc20220208-226) Afterwards, the Swedes considered putting in a request for races to be moved to earlier in the day, stating that the afternoons and early evenings scheduled for European TV audiences were hurting the performance of the athletes.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto5-227)
As in 2008, activists, human rights groups, and diplomats made calls to boycott the Olympic Games when hosted by China. In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the [Xinjiang papers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_papers "Xinjiang papers"), the [2019–2020 Hong Kong protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests"), and the [persecution of Uyghurs in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China "Persecution of Uyghurs in China"),[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-228)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-jerusalempost-229) calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-230)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-231)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-wash_Beij-232) Because of these issues, the selection of an athlete from Xinjiang as part of the final torchbearers received a mixed reaction.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-233)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-234)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85)
In February 2021, the [Chinese Communist Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party "Chinese Communist Party")\-owned tabloid *[Global Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Times "Global Times")* warned that China could "seriously sanction any country that follows a boycott."[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-235)[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-236) In March 2021, Chinese spokesperson Guo Weimin stated that any attempt to boycott the Olympics would be doomed to fail.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-237) China's Foreign Minister [Wang Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Yi_\(politician\) "Wang Yi (politician)") also told the [EU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU "EU")'s foreign policy chief [Josep Borrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Borrell "Josep Borrell") that they should attend the games to "enhance exchanges on winter sport", and to "foster new highlights" in bilateral cooperation.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-politico.eu-238)
The IOC stated that it remains neutral in all global political issues and that the award of hosting the games does not signal agreement with the host country's political or social situation or its human rights standards. The committee's response to [Agence France-Presse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse "Agence France-Presse") read: "We've repeatedly said it: the IOC isn't responsible for the government. It only gives the rights and opportunity for the staging of the Olympic Games. That doesn't mean we agree with all the politics, all the social or human rights issues in the country. And it doesn't mean we approve of all the human rights violations of a person or people." The statement attracted criticism, with [Pacific University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_University "Pacific University") professor [Jules Boykoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Boykoff "Jules Boykoff") accusing the IOC of "hypocrisy".[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-politico.eu-238)
On 19 November 2021, a group of 17 members of the Lithuanian national parliament [Seimas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seimas "Seimas") released an official letter encouraging [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania "Lithuania") to withdraw from the 2022 Winter Olympics due to human rights violations in China.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-239) On 3 December 2021, Lithuania was the first nation to announce a diplomatic boycott of the games.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-240)
After the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine") in late February 2022, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* published a report alleging that China requested Russia to delay the invasion until after the Olympics to avoid damaging the Games' public image.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-241) Russia invaded [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine "Ukraine") just four days after the Games' Closing Ceremony. Liu Pengyu, spokesperson for the [Chinese Embassy in Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_China,_Washington,_D.C. "Embassy of China, Washington, D.C."), has rejected the claims as "speculations without any basis, and intended to blame-shift and smear China".[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-242)
### Diplomatic boycott
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See also: [Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics § Diplomatic boycotts or non-attendance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics#Diplomatic_boycotts_or_non-attendance "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics")
The United States boycott of China's [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") was predominantly due to [China's human rights issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_human_rights_issues "Chinese human rights issues") on topics such as the systematic oppression of the Uyghurs, [Tibetans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Tibetans "Chinese Tibetans") and the [protests in Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests") in 2019.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-243) The Chinese government implemented many coercive activities in those regions, such as the [reeducation camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps "Xinjiang internment camps"), mass detention camps of allegedly over a million uyghurs,[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-244) and [restricted access to social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Firewall "Great Firewall").
Following the United States' announcement of a diplomatic boycott, a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, India, Estonia, and Kosovo, also participated. Meanwhile, Austria, Latvia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the Netherlands opted not to send government officials to the event but did not explicitly cite human rights concerns. Instead, they attributed their decisions to factors such as COVID-19 precautions. However, several U.S. allies, including South Korea, Germany, Italy, and France, did not join the boycott.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-246)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-247)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-248)
Unlike the US and other boycotting countries, the Japanese government did not use the term "diplomatic boycott" but announced it would not send any senior officials or Cabinet ministers. Japanese Olympic and Paralympic Committee leaders, along with senior lawmaker [Seiko Hashimoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Hashimoto "Seiko Hashimoto"), however attended in non-governmental capacities. China welcomed the representatives, and Tokyo's decision was seen as a compromise to balance domestic and international considerations, including appeasing conservative lawmakers and allies in Washington.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-249)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)
The IOC remained relatively neutral regarding the letter from CECC or the boycott.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-250) The IOC negotiated with the Chinese government on specific protocols to ensure the Olympic Games ran smoothly, such as providing unrestricted internet access to foreign journalists.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)
#### Key event timeline
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In October 2018, American senator [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio"), [Senator Jeff Merkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Merkley "Jeff Merkley"), and Congressmen [Jim McGovern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_McGovern_\(American_politician\) "Jim McGovern (American politician)") and [Chris Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Smith_\(New_Jersey_politician\) "Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)") sent a letter, on behalf of the [Congressional-Executive Commission on China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China "Congressional-Executive Commission on China") (CECC), to the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) requesting the revocation of China's host right on the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-251) The letter stated that "no Olympics should be held in a country whose government is committing genocide and crimes against humanity."
In November 2021, [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") proposed "a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics."[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245) The Biden administration was aware of the prospective sanctions by the National Olympic Committee and was careful regarding the scale and severity of the boycott.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)
In December 2021, the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") officially initiated a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, restricting United States government officials' presence at the games.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-252) The attendance of [Team USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_Olympics "United States at the Olympics") athletes was not affected by the diplomatic boycott.
#### Reactions
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China declared that the United States was "politicizing sports" with the diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-253) The [Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China") spokesperson, [Zhao Lijian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Lijian "Zhao Lijian"), accused the United States of violating the spirit of political neutrality endorsed in the [Olympic Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter"), stating that the Olympic Games "should not be a place for political posturing and manipulation".[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-254) China announced that the United States was not yet officially invited by the host committee; thus, the United States "should not have initiated the boycott in the first place".[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-255)
According to analysis by *CNN’s* *Beijing Bureau*, no athletes or attendees publicly protested China's human rights record during the Games. Susan Brownell, a scholar of Chinese sports and the Olympics at the [University of Missouri–St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis "University of Missouri–St. Louis"), said, "You can't write stories about people who aren't in Beijing - that's the problem with the diplomatic boycott. There's no story once the Games start." She added that she had anticipated political controversies would fade into the background as sporting events took prominence, which she notes what "has largely happened."[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-256)
### Propaganda and information operations
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Further information: [Propaganda in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_in_China "Propaganda in China"), [Chinese information operations and information warfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare "Chinese information operations and information warfare"), and [Wolf warrior diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy "Wolf warrior diplomacy")
The Chinese government's internet troll networks were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging. This has included campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad. The [Ministry of Public Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_\(China\) "Ministry of Public Security (China)")'s [Spamouflage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamouflage "Spamouflage") [disinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation "Disinformation") network transitioned to primarily push Olympic messaging in December 2021.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Why_the_US_Must_Take_China's_Disinf-257)
In the run up to the Olympics, thousands of fake Twitter accounts pushed the Government's position in the [Peng Shuai scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Peng_Shuai "Disappearance of Peng Shuai") and the IOC's involvement[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Inside_the_Games-8) as well as attacking foreign journalists.[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-258) *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* and [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica") identified a network of more than 3,000 inauthentic-looking Twitter accounts that appeared to be coordinating. Such accounts appeared to operate solely to amplify state media, as most of these accounts were recently created with very few followers, and their activity consisted solely of reposting China comments including from one account called "Spicy Panda" whose cartoons and videos rallied against the Olympic boycott.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-propublica.org-259) A Twitter spokesperson said that hundreds of accounts included in the investigation's findings have since been suspended for violating the "platform manipulation and spam policy," which prohibits "coordinated activity that attempts to artificially influence conversations through the use of multiple accounts, fake accounts and automation."[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-260)
American freestyle skier [Aaron Blunck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Blunck "Aaron Blunck") said that he had his Twitter account suspended after praising the Games. Internet archives indicate that his account was suspended in September 2021; Twitter said this account was “suspended in error and has since been recovered”. Blunck criticized what he referred to as biased media coverage of the games. Speaking to reporters in the room, Blunck said China had "honestly done a stellar job with the whole Covid protocol.. I didn’t really know what to expect, being stateside you’ve kind of heard some pretty bad media, and that is completely false – it’s actually been phenomenal".[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-261)
### Censorship
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Further information: [Censorship in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_China "Censorship in China") and [Internet censorship in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China "Internet censorship in China")
Press freedom has been a concern before and during the Games, despite assurances from the International Olympic Committee. In January 2022, Yang Shu, deputy director general of Beijing 2022's International Relations Department, "explicitly threatened the world’s athletes", saying that "if they act, protest or speak in a way that is offensive to Chinese law and the Chinese government, there will be certain punishment.”[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-262) John MacAloon, a professor in the Social Sciences Graduate Division at the [University of Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago "University of Chicago") said “If the IOC simply ignores what’s happening in Xinjiang, then for many people, while it does its duty in providing a Games for the athletes, the IOC is effectively resigning from leadership of the Olympic movement, a social movement enshrining common humanity, human dignity, and human rights.” [\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-263) [Human Rights Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch "Human Rights Watch") stated that censorship has seriously marred the 2022 Games.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-264)
The Citizen Lab report on the My2022 app (see below) discovered a "censorship keywords" list built into the app, and a feature that allows people to flag other "politically sensitive" expressions. The list of words included the names of Chinese leaders and government agencies, as well as references to the 1989 killing of pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square, and the religious group Falun Gong.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)
#### Negative news censored during the games
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On 28 January 2022, a few days before the opening ceremony, the [Xuzhou chained woman incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzhou_chained_woman_incident "Xuzhou chained woman incident") was exposed on Chinese social media. Several media figures, including Han Song from the state-controlled [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency") argued that people should be more concerned about the incident than the Winter Olympics.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-266) However, to avoid any negative news that could divert the public's attention from the Olympics, Chinese news media outlets were order by authorities to avoid reporting such cases, with many social media posts related to the incident censored.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-267)[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-268) Some people who tried to dig into the story by investigating the case in Feng County were even detained by the police.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-269)
#### Harassment of journalists
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: Harassment of journalists")\]
The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China, in its annual report released prior to the Games, cited “unprecedented” challenges for reporting in and about the country.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-270) After the Games concluded, the FCCC listed a number of claims of intimidation, obstruction and harassment, including reporters being tailed and manhandled by security despite assurances from Games officials. The FCCC also reported extensive online trolling and abuse of journalists and states that "some cases" were "fuelled by Chinese state media accounts and Chinese diplomats", describing it as an observed aspect of state-backed online harassment and propaganda campaigns.[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-271)
On February 4, 2022, a Dutch journalist, Sjoerd den Daas was dragged away by a Chinese security guard while reporting live on the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony, stating "We have just been expelled from another area, so I'm afraid we'll have to come back to you later". His employer, the Dutch broadcaster [NOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting "Nederlandse Omroep Stichting") later addressed the incident on Twitter, stating: "Our correspondent \[den Daas\] was pulled away from the camera by security guards at 12:00 p.m. \[6:00 a.m. ET\] live in the NOS Journaal. Unfortunately, this is increasingly becoming a daily reality for journalists in China. He is fine and was able to finish his story a few minutes later".[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-272)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-273)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Dutch_reporter-274)
IOC spokesman Mark Adams said that he thinks the security guard may have been "overzealous" and that the incident is a one-off and reassured that journalists could continue their work freely as long as they remained within the closed loop.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-275)[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-276)[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-277)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Dutch_reporter-274) Officials defended the strict COVID-19 measures, requiring all participants including athletes, officials, and media to remain within a "closed loop" system that included competition venues, the media center, and designated accommodations to limit virus transmission.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-278)[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:1-279) Yan Jiarong, spokeswoman for the Beijing Olympics, said "we welcome all the international media to cover the Beijing 2022 Games and we will also protect the legal rights of the international journalists".[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-280)
Den Daas pushed back against the IOC's characterization of the incident as an "isolated" case, noting that he and other foreign journalists had been “hindered or stopped multiple times” by police while covering topics related to the Games.[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-281)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-282)
### Espionage directed at athletes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: Espionage directed at athletes")\]
Further information: [Mass surveillance in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China "Mass surveillance in China")
China's espionage of athletes serves its political interests as well as addresses safety and COVID concerns. The [smartphone app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_app "Smartphone app") associated with the games, My2022, has been a particular subject of espionage concern.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-283)
All attendees to the Games, including athletes, audience members, and media, are required to use the My2022 app purportedly for daily COVID monitoring. The cybersecurity group [Citizen Lab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Lab "Citizen Lab"), a research institute at the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, warned that the My2022 app fails to provide encryption on many of its files, and has security weaknesses that leave users exposed to [data breaches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_breach "Data breach"). The Citizen Lab disclosed the concerns about the app on 3 December 2021, giving the organizing 15 days to respond and 45 days to fix the issues. A new iOS version of MY2022 was released on 6 January 2022, which failed to fix these problems, while adding a new "Green Health Code", feature that collects more medical data and also lacks [SSL certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSL_certificate "SSL certificate") validation making it vulnerable to attacks.[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ReferenceD-284)
Numerous Olympic committees, including the [British Olympic Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Olympic_Association "British Olympic Association"), the [Australian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee "Australian Olympic Committee"), [Canadian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Committee "Canadian Olympic Committee"), [NOC\*NSF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Olympic_Committee "Dutch Olympic Committee"), and [United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Committee "United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee"), have recommended that attendees use [burner phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burner_phones "Burner phones"), [virtual private networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_networks "Virtual private networks") (VPNs), and create email accounts for their time in China, while leaving personal smartphones and laptops at home.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-cbc.ca-285)[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-usatoday.com-286)
Cyber security firm Internet 2.0 has also warned of potential security risks during the Olympics, when it examined the technology sponsors of the Games and their products that show "the sophisticated and broad surveillance culture that exists in China". Internet 2.0 noted that "China's national data security laws are not designed with the Western values of [privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy "Privacy") and liberty and do not offer the same level of protection" as the laws allow the government to request access to the user data captured by these products.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)
### Environmental impact
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=38 "Edit section: Environmental impact")\]
See also: [Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics § Environmental and health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics#Environmental_and_health_issues "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics")
An estimated 49 million US gallons (190,000,000 L; 41,000,000 imp gal) of water was expected to be used to [create snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmaking "Snowmaking") at the various venues. [Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang "Pyeongchang"), South Korea, which held the [previous Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics"), also had a cold but similarly arid climate that required vast quantities of [artificial snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_snow "Artificial snow"). Professor Carmen de Jong, a geographer at the [University of Strasbourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg "University of Strasbourg"), argued that these would be the "most unsustainable" Winter Olympics in history. The IOC stated that "a series of water-conserving and recycling designs have been put into place to optimise water usage for snowmaking, human consumption, and other purposes.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-guardian2022nov6-287)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
Artificial snow forms a harder piste compared to real snow. It is often favoured by professionals for being fast and "hyper-grippy" but also raises their fear of falling on it.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-guardian2022nov6-287)[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-afp2022feb2-288) American snowboarder [Jamie Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Anderson_\(snowboarder\) "Jamie Anderson (snowboarder)") compared it to "pretty bulletproof ice" while her teammate Courtney Rummel compared it to the man-made snow in [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin").[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-afp2022feb2-288)
According to [Jules Boykoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Boykoff "Jules Boykoff") in February 2022, Beijing's electricity came largely from coal and this coal power was what supported the construction of some Olympic venues. To offset emissions from construction and air travel, China had planted roughly 60 million trees.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-289)
### Sporting controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=39 "Edit section: Sporting controversies")\]
See also: [Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics § Sporting controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics#Sporting_controversies "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics")
There were concerns about decisions and disqualification in several events during the games. These issues included the following:
- An official appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") over the disqualification of two South Korean athletes from the men's 1000 metres short track speed skating event filed by the [Korean Sport & Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sport_%26_Olympic_Committee "Korean Sport & Olympic Committee"), after having their protests rejected by the [International Skating Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union "International Skating Union").[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-290)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-291)[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto2-292)
- Controversy surrounding a ruling of an obstruction in the [5000 metres relay event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_5000_metre_relay "Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metre relay").[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-293)
- A potential missed call by judges during the [men's snowboard slopestyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_slopestyle "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle") and [men's half pipe event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_halfpipe "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's halfpipe") events.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-294)[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-295)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-296)[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-297)
- A ruling of a false start in the men's [500 metres speed skating event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_500_metres "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's 500 metres").[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-298)
- The disqualification of racers for their uniforms during the [mixed team normal hill event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_team "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Mixed team") of ski jumping.
- The continued participation of the figure skater [Kamila Valieva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamila_Valieva "Kamila Valieva") in the [women's singles competition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_singles "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles") after a preliminary positive drug test from a sample 2 months prior.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-299)
- Three athletes failed the doping test during the Olympics and were suspended: Iranian alpine skier [Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Saveh-Shemshaki "Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki"), Ukrainian cross-country skier [Valiantsina Kaminskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiantsina_Kaminskaya "Valiantsina Kaminskaya"), and Ukrainian bobsledder [Lidiia Hunko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidiia_Hunko "Lidiia Hunko").[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-300) The positive test of the Spanish figure skater [Laura Barquero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Barquero "Laura Barquero") was announced after the Olympics.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-301)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-302)
- U.S. skater [Joey Mantia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Mantia "Joey Mantia") alleged that South Korean skater [Lee Seung-hoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Seung-hoon_\(speed_skater\) "Lee Seung-hoon (speed skater)") made contact with him and pulled him back, preventing him from winning a bronze medal in the [Mass Start](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_mass_start "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's mass start") final. Mantia lost by a 0.002-second margin. Team USA challenged the result, but Lee was awarded the bronze medal.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-sports.yahoo.com-303)[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-304)[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-305)
### Athlete and officials complaints
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=40 "Edit section: Athlete and officials complaints")\]
See also: [Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics § Athletes and team officials complaints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics#Athletes_and_team_officials_complaints "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics")
Compared to previous games, the 2022 Winter Games was notable in having strict protocols to prevent a disruptive outbreak while hosting competitive events. These include mandatory health monitoring apps and daily checks for all journalists and athletes and a "closed loop" system that segregated participants from the general public. There were mixed reactions towards the necessity of the measures being used to contain [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") at the games. *[The Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times "The Times")* reported that many athletes had welcomed the infection control protocols however some athletes have pushed back. Overall, the event had a 0.01% infection rate and was able to successfully keep [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_covid "Omicron covid") variant at bay. Among athletes who had tested positive, many were able to recover in the loop and compete, but a few were unable to. Due to the measures, there were no outbreaks at the games.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-306)
The food and overall conditions in [quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine "Quarantine") hotels given to athletes testing positive for COVID-19 were criticised early on.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:3-307)[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:7-308) Team officials from delegations including Belgium, Germany, Poland, Finland and the Russian Olympic Committee all brought up issues their athletes faced in quarantine hotels, among them were the lack of internet connections, low-quality food, insufficient facilities and no training equipment.[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-309)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-310)[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-311)
With China's [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") policy, there were issues raised about the process of quarantine at the games.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:3-307) On 2 February, Belgian skeleton athlete [Kim Meylemans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Meylemans "Kim Meylemans") posted on social media and was in tears about the conditions she faced while in quarantine.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-312)[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-313) According to *[Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek")* and [*Time*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)"), the hotels' conditions appeared to have improved after the athletes' complaints were made public.[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:7-308)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:4-314)
There were some complaints about the food served outside of quarantine. Germany's [alpine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_downhill "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's downhill") coach Christian Schweiger called the catering "extremely questionable" for not having hot meals but he echoed athletes from several nations that the food at the nearby Athletes' Village was great.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:6-315) The US and South Korean teams elected to bring their own food.[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:5-316) Austrian skier [Matthias Mayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Mayer "Matthias Mayer") said that [Kitzbuehel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzb%C3%BChel#Sport "Kitzbühel") would have offered "the best of the best" but also that a hot meal right before a race might not bring out top performances.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:6-315)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-317)
Other complaints included low temperatures and related safety concerns. Sweden's [Frida Karlsson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Karlsson "Frida Karlsson") nearly collapsed at the conclusion of the [women's skiathlon cross-country race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_15_kilometre_skiathlon "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon"). Afterwards, her team considered requesting that races held in afternoons and evenings for European TV audiences be moved to earlier during the day.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto5-227)[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc20220208-226) Some athletes resorted to putting tape on their faces and noses to protect them from the bitter cold.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-318) Heavy snowfall disrupted a number of competition and training events on 13 February. Thirty-three skiers did not finish their first run of the [men's giant slalom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_giant_slalom "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's giant slalom"). [Henrik Kristoffersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Kristoffersen "Henrik Kristoffersen") of Norway said that he "couldn't see shit." Switzerland's [Loic Meillard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loic_Meillard "Loic Meillard") said, "It's not what I was hoping for but it's part of the game ... we've raced in conditions like that before."[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-319)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=41 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [Olympic Games portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games")
- [2022 Winter Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics")
- Olympic Games held in China
- [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") – Beijing
- [2014 Summer Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") – Nanjing
- [2022 Winter Olympics]() – Beijing
- [List of IOC country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes")
- [List of Olympic Games boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_boycotts "List of Olympic Games boycotts")
## Notes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=42 "Edit section: Notes")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-46)** Originally simply **Zhuangke**. It is said that the village *Dazhuangke* has been officially renamed *Xidazhuangke*/*West Dazhuangke* to avoid confusion with the other [Dazhuangke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dazhuangke,_Dazhuangke_Township&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dazhuangke, Dazhuangke Township (page does not exist)") \[[Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13666226#sitelinks-wikipedia "d:Special:EntityPage/Q13666226")\], also in [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"). *Zhuangke* (庄窠) approximately means peasant dwellings/households in certain dialects of [Jin Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Chinese "Jin Chinese"); *Zhuangke* (庄科) is a Mandarin corruption of Jin Chinese *Zhuangke* (庄窠).
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-183)** Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee").
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-205)** NOC suspended.
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=43 "Edit section: References")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-1)**
["SuperSport"](https://supersport.com/news/cd6663a2-8236-44d8-a8b9-4fa192190da7/%7B%7B%20url\(\)-%3Ecurrent\(\)%20%7D%7D). *supersport.com* (in Zhuang). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220225173447/https://supersport.com/news/cd6663a2-8236-44d8-a8b9-4fa192190da7/%7B%7B%20url\(\)-%3Ecurrent\(\)%20%7D%7D) from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-2)**
Sport, ARCHIVE (17 December 2024). ["Beijing 2022 - OBS Broadcast Opening Sequence"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEHw1qQiVkA). *YouTube*. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-3)**
Reyes, Yacob (8 December 2021). ["Beijing Olympics: These countries have announced diplomatic boycotts"](https://www.axios.com/diplomatic-boycott-beijing-olympics-list-countries-73e1240f-b925-40bf-ae67-648e774971c8.html). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220204210817/https://www.axios.com/diplomatic-boycott-beijing-olympics-list-countries-73e1240f-b925-40bf-ae67-648e774971c8.html) from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-4)**
Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany; Baker, Kendall (1 February 2022). ["The IOC stays silent on human rights in China"](https://www.axios.com/winter-olympics-beijing-ioc-silence-human-rights-31ec1273-d894-4a67-993b-4b4156d42d44.html). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220205020342/https://www.axios.com/winter-olympics-beijing-ioc-silence-human-rights-31ec1273-d894-4a67-993b-4b4156d42d44.html) from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
5. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-:8_5-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-:8_5-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-:8_5-2)
Member, Asia Newsweek Is A. Trust Project (8 December 2021). ["Full List of Every Country Boycotting China's Winter Olympics"](https://www.newsweek.com/every-country-staging-diplomatic-boycott-chinas-winter-olympics-1657177). *Newsweek*. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-6)**
["Who's boycotting the Winter Olympics?"](https://www.politico.eu/article/boycott-winter-olympics-beijing-2022/). *POLITICO*. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-7)**
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## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=44 "Edit section: External links")\]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to [2022 Winter Olympics](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2022_Winter_Olympics "commons:Category:2022 Winter Olympics").
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for ***[2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#Q193074 "wikivoyage:2022 Winter Olympics")***.
- [Organizing Committee Website](https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191210174041/https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/) 10 December 2019 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- [Beijing 2022](https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/beijing-2022) on the IOC Website
| [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") | | |
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by[Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") | **XXIV Olympic Winter Games [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing")** 2022 | Succeeded by[Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Olympic_Games "Template:Olympic Games") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Games "Template talk:Olympic Games") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Games "Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Games")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") | |
|---|---|
| **[Olympic sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports")** **[Olympism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympism "Olympism")** | |
| | |
| [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") | [Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter") [Olympic Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Congress "Olympic Congress") [IOC meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings "List of IOC meetings") [International sports federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations "List of international sports federations") |
| [Medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal "Olympic medal") | [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal_table "Olympic medal table") [All-time medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table "All-time Olympic Games medal table") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table "All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table") [Medal table leaders by Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won "List of Olympic teams by medals won") [Medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists "Lists of Olympic medalists") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists "Lists of Youth Olympic medalists") [Medal ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics "List of ties for medals at the Olympics") [Incentives by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country "Incentives for Olympic medalists by country") [Stripped medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals "List of stripped Olympic medals") [Olympic diploma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_diploma "Olympic diploma") [Olive wreath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath "Olive wreath") |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | [Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games "List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games") [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games "List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games") [tropical nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics "Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics") [Country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") |
| [Host cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities "List of Olympic Games host cities") | [Bids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games "Bids for Olympic Games") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games "Bids for the Youth Olympic Games") [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues "List of Olympic venues") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues "List of Youth Olympic venues") [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") |
| [Ceremonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony "Olympic Games ceremony") | [People who opened the Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") [Torch relays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays "List of Olympic torch relays") [Torch designs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_and_Paralympic_torch_designs "List of Olympic and Paralympic torch designs") [lighters of the Olympic cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") [Olympic Mass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Mass "Olympic Mass") |
| Media | [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympics_on_television "Olympics on television") [Olympic Broadcasting Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services "Olympic Broadcasting Services") [Olympic Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Channel "Olympic Channel") [American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Channel_\(American_TV_channel\) "Olympic Channel (American TV channel)") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics "Social media coverage of the Olympics") Films [summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films "List of Summer Olympic documentary films") [winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films "List of Winter Olympic documentary films") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games "List of Olympic video games") |
| [Symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols "Olympic symbols") | [Flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame "Olympic flame") [Olympiad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad "Olympiad") [Oath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Oath "Olympic Oath") [Songs and anthems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems "List of Olympic songs and anthems") [Hymn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Hymn "Olympic Hymn") [Emblem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_emblem "Olympic emblem") [Poster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_poster "Olympic poster") [Mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_mascots "Olympic mascots") [Tattoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_tattoo "Olympic tattoo") Coins [summer (pre-2000)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins "Summer Olympic coins") [summer (2000-present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)") [winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins "Winter Olympic coins") [Pierre de Coubertin Medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal "Pierre de Coubertin Medal") [Olympic Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Cup "Olympic Cup") [Olympic Diploma of Merit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit "Olympic Diploma of Merit") [Olympic Laurel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Laurel "Olympic Laurel") [Olympic Order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Order "Olympic Order") [Olive wreath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath "Olive wreath") |
| Other | [Art competitions at the Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics") [medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions "List of Olympic medalists in art competitions") [Scandals and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents "List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents") [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games "Antisemitism in the Olympic Games") [colonialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games "Colonialism and the Olympic Games") [doping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games "Doping at the Olympic Games") [Deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths "Olympic and Paralympic deaths") [WWI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I "List of Olympians killed in World War I") [WWII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II "List of Olympians killed in World War II") [Participation of women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics "Participation of women in the Olympics") |
| Related | [Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games "Paralympic Games") Continental [African](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Games "African Games") [Asian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games "Asian Games") [European](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Games "European Games") [Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Games "Pacific Games") [Pan-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_Games "Pan American Games") [Olympic Esports Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series "Olympic Esports Series") [Olympic Esports Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Games "Olympic Esports Games") [Deaflympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaflympics "Deaflympics") [Special Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics "Special Olympics") [1906 Intercalated Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games "1906 Intercalated Games") [Ancient Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games "Ancient Olympic Games") [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") |
| Olympic Games | |
| [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") | [1896 Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics "1896 Summer Olympics") [1900 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics "1900 Summer Olympics") [1904 St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics "1904 Summer Olympics") [1908 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics "1908 Summer Olympics") [1912 Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics "1912 Summer Olympics") [1916 Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics "1916 Summer Olympics")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-WW1-320) [1920 Antwerp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics "1920 Summer Olympics") [1924 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics "1924 Summer Olympics") [1928 Amsterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics "1928 Summer Olympics") [1932 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics "1932 Summer Olympics") [1936 Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics "1936 Summer Olympics") [1940 Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-321) [1944 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics "1944 Summer Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-321) [1948 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics "1948 Summer Olympics") [1952 Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics "1952 Summer Olympics") [1956 Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics "1956 Summer Olympics") [1960 Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics "1960 Summer Olympics") [1964 Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") [1968 Mexico City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics "1968 Summer Olympics") [1972 Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics "1972 Summer Olympics") [1976 Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics "1976 Summer Olympics") [1980 Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics "1980 Summer Olympics") [1984 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics "1984 Summer Olympics") [1988 Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics "1988 Summer Olympics") [1992 Barcelona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics "1992 Summer Olympics") [1996 Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics "1996 Summer Olympics") [2000 Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics "2000 Summer Olympics") [2004 Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics "2004 Summer Olympics") [2008 Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") [2012 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics") [2016 Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") [2020 Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-COVID2021-322) [2024 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") *[2028 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics "2028 Summer Olympics")* *[2032 Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics "2032 Summer Olympics")* *[2036 TBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics "2036 Summer Olympics")* |
| [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") | [1924 Chamonix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics "1924 Winter Olympics") [1928 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics "1928 Winter Olympics") [1932 Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics "1932 Winter Olympics") [1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics "1936 Winter Olympics") [1940 Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics "1940 Winter Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-321) [1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics "1944 Winter Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-321) [1948 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics "1948 Winter Olympics") [1952 Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics "1952 Winter Olympics") [1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics "1956 Winter Olympics") [1960 Squaw Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics "1960 Winter Olympics") [1964 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics "1964 Winter Olympics") [1968 Grenoble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics "1968 Winter Olympics") [1972 Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") [1976 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics "1976 Winter Olympics") [1980 Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics "1980 Winter Olympics") [1984 Sarajevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics "1984 Winter Olympics") [1988 Calgary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics "1988 Winter Olympics") [1992 Albertville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics "1992 Winter Olympics") [1994 Lillehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics "1994 Winter Olympics") [1998 Nagano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") [2002 Salt Lake City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics "2002 Winter Olympics") [2006 Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics "2006 Winter Olympics") [2010 Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics "2010 Winter Olympics") [2014 Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics") [2018 Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [2022 Beijing]() [2026 Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics") *[2030 French Alps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics "2030 Winter Olympics")* *[2034 Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics "2034 Winter Olympics")* *[2038 TBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2038_Winter_Olympics "2038 Winter Olympics")* |
| [Youth Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games "Youth Olympic Games") | |
| Summer | [2010 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2010 Summer Youth Olympics") [2014 Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") [2018 Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2018 Summer Youth Olympics") *[2026 Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2026 Summer Youth Olympics")* *[2030](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2030 Summer Youth Olympics")* |
| Winter | [2012 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2012 Winter Youth Olympics") [2016 Lillehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2016 Winter Youth Olympics") [2020 Lausanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics") [2024 Gangwon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2024 Winter Youth Olympics") *[2028 Dolomites and Valtellina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2028 Winter Youth Olympics")* |
| **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-WW1_320-0)** Cancelled due to [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_321-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_321-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_321-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_321-3) Cancelled due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-COVID2021_322-0)** Postponed to 2021 due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| ** [Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games")**  [**Category**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games "Category:Summer Olympic Games") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [**Commons**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics "commons:Category:Summer Olympics") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template:Events at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Events_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template talk:Events at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Events at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Events_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Category:Events at the 2022 Winter Olympics") at the [2022 Winter Olympics]() ([Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China) |
|---|
| [Alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Cross-country skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Short-track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Short-track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| [Chronological summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_table "2022 Winter Olympics medal table") [List of medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_winners "List of 2022 Winter Olympics medal winners") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nations_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template:Nations at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nations_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template talk:Nations at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nations_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Nations at the 2022 Winter Olympics")Nations at the [2022 Winter Olympics]() in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China | |
|---|---|
| Africa | [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ghana at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Morocco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| Americas | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Argentina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chile at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Colombia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mexico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| Asia | [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "India at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iran at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Philippines at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "South Korea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| Europe | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Albania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Andorra at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belarus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Croatia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Denmark at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Georgia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iceland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ireland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Israel at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Latvia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malta at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Moldova at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Poland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Portugal at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Romania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "San Marino at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Serbia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Spain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Turkey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| Oceania | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Australia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| Other | [ROC athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Qualification_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template:Qualification for the 2022 Winter Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Qualification_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Template talk:Qualification for the 2022 Winter Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Qualification_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Qualification for the 2022 Winter Olympics")[Qualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Qualification_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Category:Qualification for the 2022 Winter Olympics") for the [2022 Winter Olympics]() ([Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China")) |
|---|
| [Alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Cross-country skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") Ice hockey [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification") [Luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Short-track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Short-track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2022_Winter_Olympic_venues "Template:2022 Winter Olympic venues") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2022_Winter_Olympic_venues "Template talk:2022 Winter Olympic venues") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2022_Winter_Olympic_venues "Special:EditPage/Template:2022 Winter Olympic venues")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics") of the [2022 Winter Olympics]() ([Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China) | |
|---|---|
| [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") cluster | |
| | |
| [Olympic Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Green "Olympic Green") | [Beijing National Speed Skating Oval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval") [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") [Beijing National Aquatics Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Center "Beijing National Aquatics Center") [Beijing National Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium "Beijing National Indoor Stadium") |
| Others | [Big Air Shougang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang") [Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium") [Wukesong Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Arena "Wukesong Arena") |
| [Yanqing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District") cluster | [Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_National_Alpine_Skiing_Centre "Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Centre") [Yanqing National Sliding Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_National_Sliding_Centre "Yanqing National Sliding Centre") |
| [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou") cluster | [Kuyangshu Nordic Center and Biathlon Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuyangshu_Nordic_Center_and_Biathlon_Center "Kuyangshu Nordic Center and Biathlon Center") [Genting Snow Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Snow_Park "Genting Snow Park") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities "Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities "Template talk:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities "Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities")[Winter Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") [host cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities "List of Olympic Games host cities") |
|---|
| **[1924](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics "1924 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France") [Chamonix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamonix "Chamonix") **[1928](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics "1928 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") [St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz") **[1932](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics "1932 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York "Lake Placid, New York") **[1936](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics "1936 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany") [Garmisch-Partenkirchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen "Garmisch-Partenkirchen") **[1940](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics "1940 Winter Olympics"):** *None*\[c1\] **[1944](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics "1944 Winter Olympics"):** *None*\[c1\] **[1948](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics "1948 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") [St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Moritz "St. Moritz") **[1952](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics "1952 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway "Norway") [Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo") **[1956](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics "1956 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") [Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo "Cortina d'Ampezzo") **[1960](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics "1960 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Squaw Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Valley,_California "Olympic Valley, California") **[1964](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics "1964 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria "Austria") [Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsbruck "Innsbruck") **[1968](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics "1968 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France") [Grenoble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble "Grenoble") **[1972](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") [Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo "Sapporo") **[1976](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics "1976 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria "Austria") [Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsbruck "Innsbruck") **[1980](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics "1980 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York "Lake Placid, New York") **[1984](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics "1984 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia") [Sarajevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo "Sarajevo") **[1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics "1988 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") [Calgary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary "Calgary") **[1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics "1992 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France") [Albertville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertville "Albertville") **[1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics "1994 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway "Norway") [Lillehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehammer "Lillehammer") **[1998](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") [Nagano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano_\(city\) "Nagano (city)") **[2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics "2002 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [Salt Lake City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_City "Salt Lake City") **[2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics "2006 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") [Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin "Turin") **[2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics "2010 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada") [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") **[2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") [Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi "Sochi") **[2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") [Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang_County "Pyeongchang County") **[2022]():** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") **[2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan "Milan") and [Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo "Cortina d'Ampezzo") **[*2030*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics "2030 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France") *[French Alps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Alps "French Alps")* **[*2034*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics "2034 Winter Olympics"):** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") *[Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah "Utah")* |
| \[c1\] Cancelled due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II")  [Olympic Games portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games") |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193074#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/253147266750535481284) [2](https://viaf.org/viaf/2214158005993702100006) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/1203112378) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018033602) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0269493&CON_LNG=ENG) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007576374405171) |
[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):
-  [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games")
-  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:China "Portal:China")
-  [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sports "Portal:Sports")
-  [2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:2020s "Portal:2020s")
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&oldid=1346657996>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2022_Winter_Olympics "Category:2022 Winter Olympics")
- [2022 in Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2022_in_Beijing "Category:2022 in Beijing")
- [2022 in multi-sport events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2022_in_multi-sport_events "Category:2022 in multi-sport events")
- [2022 in winter sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2022_in_winter_sports "Category:2022 in winter sports")
- [February 2022 sports events in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:February_2022_sports_events_in_China "Category:February 2022 sports events in China")
- [Olympic Games in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Olympic_Games_in_China "Category:Olympic Games in China")
- [Sport in Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Zhangjiakou "Category:Sport in Zhangjiakou")
- [Sports competitions in Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_competitions_in_Beijing "Category:Sports competitions in Beijing")
- [Winter Olympics by year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Winter_Olympics_by_year "Category:Winter Olympics by year")
Hidden categories:
- [CS1 Zhuang-language sources (za)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_Zhuang-language_sources_\(za\) "Category:CS1 Zhuang-language sources (za)")
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- [CS1 Azerbaijani-language sources (az)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_Azerbaijani-language_sources_\(az\) "Category:CS1 Azerbaijani-language sources (az)")
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2022 Winter Olympics
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) |
| Readable Markdown | | | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_official_logo-en.svg)Emblem of the 2022 Winter Olympics | |
| Location | [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China |
| Motto | *Together for a Shared Future* (一起向未来; *Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái*) |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | 91 |
| Athletes | 2,880 |
| Events | 109 in 7 [sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") (15 disciplines) |
| [Opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony") | 4 February 2022 |
| [Closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony") | 20 February 2022 |
| [Opened by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") | [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_China "President of China") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") |
| Closed by | [IOC President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee "President of the International Olympic Committee") [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") |
| [Cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") | [Dilnigar Ilhamjan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilnigar_Ilhamjan "Dilnigar Ilhamjan") and [Zhao Jiawen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Jiawen "Zhao Jiawen") |
| [Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") | [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") |
| **Winter**← [PyeongChang 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [Milano Cortina 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics") → **Summer**← [Tokyo 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") [Paris 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") → [2022 Winter Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics") | |
The **2022 Winter Olympics**, officially called the **XXIV Olympic Winter Games** ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì*) and commonly known as **Beijing 2022** (北京2022\), were an international winter [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-1) It was the 24th edition of the [Winter Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-2) These were the final winter games to take place under the IOC presidency of [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach").
Beijing was selected as the host city on 31 July 2015 during the [128th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_IOC_Session "128th IOC Session") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia, marking its second time hosting the Olympics and the last of three consecutive Games held in [East Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia"), following the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") in Tokyo, Japan, held six months earlier which was postponed by a year due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"). Having previously hosted the [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"), Beijing became the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The venues for the Games were concentrated around Beijing, its suburb [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"), and [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou"), with some events (including the ceremonies and curling) repurposing venues originally built for Beijing 2008 (such as [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") and the [Beijing National Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre")).
The Games featured a record 109 medal events across 15 disciplines, with [big air freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") and [women's monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_monobob "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's monobob") making their Olympic debuts as medal events, as well as several new mixed competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, snowboard cross and short track speed skating. A total of 2,880 athletes representing 91 teams competed in the Games, with [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") and [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") making their Winter Olympic debut.
Similar to the 2008 Games, Beijing's hosting of the 2022 Games was subject to various [concerns and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics") including those related to [human rights violations in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_China "Human rights in China"), such as the [persecution of Uyghurs in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China "Persecution of Uyghurs in China"). This led to ten countries participating in a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics, sending athletes but no government officials. Several other countries also did not send officials but cited its decision as due to COVID-19 precautions.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-6) The Chinese government's [internet troll networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare "Chinese information operations and information warfare") were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging, including campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-7) [\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Inside_the_Games-8) Controversies over the Games were [censored on the press and internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_China "Censorship in China"),[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-10) while foreign journalists were harassed. [\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-14)
Like the 2020 Summer Olympics, the 2022 Winter Olympics took place during the pandemic and were largely closed to the public, with only selected events open to invited guests at a reduced capacity. To minimise the risk of virus transmission, China implemented strict health and safety measures, including a closed-loop system, frequent testing, and quarantine protocols for participants. Consequently, no major outbreaks were reported during the Games.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-15) China's [mass surveillance practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China "Mass surveillance in China") led to espionage concerns among Games attendees, including unauthorized collection of data from the required [smartphone app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_app "Smartphone app").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-16) [\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:0-18)
[Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished at the top of the [medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_medal_table "2022 Winter Olympics medal table") for the third successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished second with 12 golds and 27 medals overall. The [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished third with 9 golds and 25 medals overall, and the host nation [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished fourth with nine gold medals and also eleventh place by total medals won (15), marking its most successful performance in Winter Olympics history. [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") finished fifth with 8 golds and 18 medals overall, which is that nation's most successful Winter Olympics of all time in terms of both gold and total number of medals. The team representing the [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") ended up with the second largest number of medals won at the Games, with 32, but finished ninth on the medal table, as only five gold medals were won by the delegation. Although traditional Winter powerhouse [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") won 26 medals, only four of them were gold, resulting in a finish outside the top ten in the medal table for the first time since [1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics "1988 Winter Olympics") (34 years).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-medl-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-medalpe-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-23)
The bidding calendar was announced by the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-24) The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014 and selected three cities, [Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo") (Norway), [Almaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty "Almaty") (Kazakhstan), and [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") (China), as the final candidates.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-25)
Several [bid cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") withdrew their bids during the process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support and funding for hosting the Games.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-26) The [Oslo bid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Oslo bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics"), considered the clear frontrunner, was canceled in the wake of a series of revelations about the IOC's demands for luxury treatment of IOC members that strongly turned public opinion and the parliamentary majority against the bid. The city withdrew its application for government funding after a majority of the [Norwegian parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_parliament "Norwegian parliament") had stated their intention to decline the application. In the days before the decision, Norwegian media had revealed the IOC's "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. The IOC also "demanded control over all advertising space throughout Oslo" to be used exclusively by IOC's sponsors, something that is not possible in Norway because the government doesn't own or control "all advertising space throughout Oslo" and has no authority to give a foreign private organisation exclusive use of a city and the private property within it.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-27) Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy; *[Slate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_\(magazine\) "Slate (magazine)")* described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-28)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-slate-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-31) Ole Berget, deputy minister in the Finance Ministry, said "the IOC's arrogance was an argument held high by a lot of people."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-aposlo-32) The country's largest newspaper commented that "Norway is a rich country, but we don't want to spend money on wrong things, like satisfying the crazy demands from IOC apparatchiks. These insane demands that they should be treated like the king of Saudi Arabia just won't fly with the Norwegian public."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-aposlo-32)
Beijing was selected as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the [128th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_IOC_Session "128th IOC Session") [IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC_Session "IOC Session") in [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur"), Malaysia.
| City | Nation | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| **[Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Beijing bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics")** | ** China** | **44** |
| [Almaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Almaty bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics") |  Kazakhstan | 40 |
## Development and preparations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Development and preparations")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_clusters_location_map-en.svg)
Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beijing_national_stadium.jpg)
Beijing National Stadium
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_Cube_Ice_Cube_Beijing_2.jpg)
National Aquatics Center
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_Speed_Skating_Oval_Beijing_2.jpg)
[Beijing National Speed Skating Oval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shougang_Big_Air_Venue_\(20210905144528\).jpg)
[Shougang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang") Big Air Venue
In February 2021, Beijing announced that the 26 venues (including training venues) for these sports would be running on entirely [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy "Renewable energy").[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-34)
There were three different clusters of venues designed and constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics, each respectively known as the Beijing Zone, the Zhangjiakou Zone, and the Yanqing Zone.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-35)
Venues in the Beijing Zone exist in different conditions; some were recently constructed exclusively for the 2022 games, while the rest were renovated from [the 2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") or other existing sites.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto4-36) The Beijing Zone of the 2022 Winter Olympics consisted of six competition venues and was where the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, for both the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, would take place.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto4-36)
Five ice events were held at the [Olympic Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Green "Olympic Green"), the [Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium") and the Beijing [Wukesong Sports Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Sports_Center "Wukesong Sports Center"), which had been some of the main venues of the [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"). The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events were held in a former industrial area in [Shijingshan District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shijingshan_District "Shijingshan District"), in [Western Hills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hills "Western Hills") area.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-37) Since the end of 2009, the [Beijing Olympic Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Olympic_Village "Beijing Olympic Village") apartments on the Olympic Green had been transformed into a residential area. There was therefore a need to build another Olympic Village on a smaller scale for the Winter Olympics. These new buildings are located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the neighbourhood of the [National Olympic Sports Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Sports_Center "National Olympic Sports Center") and served as a [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee") residential complex for those athletes who underwent training at the nearby venues.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-38)
The **[Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium")** ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 国家体育场) is an iconic venue in the Beijing Zone, also known as the **Bird's Nest** (鸟巢). The Beijing National Stadium was the site that hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but it did not host any competition in 2022.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-39)
The **[National Aquatics Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre")** (国家游泳中心), also known as the **Water Cube** (水立方), was the venue for [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling "Curling") competition.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-40) In the 2022 Winter Olympics, the National Aquatics Center became the first Olympic venue to incorporate a curling track in the swimming pool.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-41)
The **[Shougang Big Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang")** (首钢滑雪大跳台中心) was newly constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-42) The Shougang Big Air hosted the [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing") and [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") events.
The [**Wukesong Sports Centre**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Arena "Wukesong Arena") (五棵松体育馆) was under an 8-month renovation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In February 2022, the Wukesong Sports Centre hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics Men's and Women's [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") tournaments.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-43)
The [**National Indoor Stadium**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium "Beijing National Indoor Stadium") (国家体育馆) was the second venue for the [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") tournament for the 2022 Winter Olympics, besides the Wukesong Sports Centre.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-44)
The [**National Speed Skating Oval**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval") (国家速滑馆) has the nickname "Ice Ribbon" due to its exterior design. The National Speed Skating Oval was the venue for [speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating "Speed skating") in the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The **[Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium")** (首都体育馆), also known as the Capital Gymnasium, was a venue adapted from the 2008 Summer Olympics and was reconstructed for [short-track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating "Short-track speed skating") and [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating "Figure skating") competitions in the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-45)
- [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium") – [opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_ceremony "Opening ceremony"), awarding and [closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_ceremony "Closing ceremony") ceremonies / *80,000* **existing**
- [Beijing National Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre "Beijing National Aquatics Centre") – [curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling "Curling") / *3,795* **renovated**
- [Beijing National Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium "Beijing National Indoor Stadium") – [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") / *19,418* **existing**
- [Beijing National Speed Skating Oval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Speed_Skating_Oval "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval") – [speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating "Speed skating") / *11,950* **new**
- [Capital Indoor Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium "Capital Indoor Stadium") – [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating "Figure skating"), [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating "Short track speed skating") / *13,289* **existing**
- [Wukesong Sports Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukesong_Sports_Centre "Wukesong Sports Centre") – [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey "Ice hockey") / *15,384* **existing**
- [Big Air Shougang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Air_Shougang "Big Air Shougang") – [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") (Big Air), [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing") (Big Air) – *4,912* **new**
- Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village – **new**
[Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District") is a suburban district localised at the [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing")'s far north. Competitions for [luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge "Luge"), [skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_\(sport\) "Skeleton (sport)"), [bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh "Bobsleigh") and [alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing "Alpine skiing") were held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the [West Dazhuangke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Dazhuangke&action=edit&redlink=1 "West Dazhuangke (page does not exist)") village[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-46) of [Zhangshanying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangshanying "Zhangshanying") in [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"), northwest of the urban area of Beijing, 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 miles) away from the town of [Yanqing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_\(town\) "Yanqing (town)"), using [artificial snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_snow "Artificial snow") because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Phillips2015-47)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Mills2015-48)
- [National Alpine Ski Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaohaituo_Alpine_Skiing_Field "Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field") ([Rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_\(ski_course\) "Rock (ski course)"), [Ice River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_River_\(ski_course\) "Ice River (ski course)")) – [alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing "Alpine skiing") *4,800* **new**
- [National Sliding Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Sliding_Centre "National Sliding Centre") – [bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh "Bobsleigh"), [luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge "Luge"), [skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_\(sport\) "Skeleton (sport)") / *7,400* **new**
- Yanqing Olympic Village / **new**
All other skiing events were held in [Taizicheng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taizicheng "Taizicheng") Area in [Chongli District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongli_District "Chongli District"), [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou") city, [Hebei province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebei_province "Hebei province"). It is 220 km (140 mi) from downtown Beijing and 130 km (81 mi) away from [Xiaohaituo Mountain Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiaohaituo_Mountain_Area&action=edit&redlink=1 "Xiaohaituo Mountain Area (page does not exist)"). The ski resort earned over [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A5 "¥") 1.54 billion (US\$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 winter season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All the venues construction started in November 2016 and was finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-49)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
- [Snow Ruyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Ruyi_National_Ski_Jumping_Centre "Snow Ruyi National Ski Jumping Centre") – [ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping "Ski jumping"), [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined") (ski jumping) *6,000*
- National Biathlon Centre – [biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon "Biathlon") *6,024*
- [Genting Snow Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Snow_Park "Genting Snow Park")
- Park A – Ski and snowboard cross *1,774*
- Park B – Halfpipe and Slopestyle (freestyle skiing and snowboard) *2,550*
- Park C – Aerials and Moguls *1,597*
- National Cross-Country Centre – [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined") (cross-country), [cross-country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_\(sport\) "Cross-country skiing (sport)") *6,023*
- Zhangjiakou Olympic Village
- Zhangjiakou Medals Plaza
The design for the Games' medals was unveiled on 26 October 2021. The concept is based on the 2008 Summer Olympics medals and Chinese astronomy and astrology as the games were held coinciding with the [Chinese New Year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") festivities.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-50)
The uniforms for medal presenters at medal ceremonies were unveiled in January 2022.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-beijing_2022_reveals_uniforms_for_medal_ceremonies_heavily_influenced_by_snow_2022-51) The uniforms have been designed in a joint project by the [Central Academy of Fine Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Academy_of_Fine_Arts "Central Academy of Fine Arts") and [Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology "Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-beijing_2022_reveals_uniforms_for_medal_ceremonies_heavily_influenced_by_snow_2022-51)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_cauldron_at_Yanqing_Winter_Olympic_Cultural_Square_\(20220219133706\).jpg)
A torch serves as the cauldron in Yanqing
The torch relay started on 18 October 2021 in Greece. On 20 October 2021, it was announced that the local leg would start on 2 February and end on 4 February 2022 during the Opening Ceremonies. The local leg only visited two cities: [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") and [Zhangjiakou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou "Zhangjiakou").[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-52) Activists staged a protest at the Olympic torch lighting ceremony in Greece.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-NBC_Chicago_2022-53)
The inclusion and television appearance of Qi Fabao, a [People's Liberation Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army "People's Liberation Army") commander well known in China for his involvement in the [2020–2021 China–India skirmishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes "2020–2021 China–India skirmishes"), as one of 1,200 torchbearers have been controversial, with India launching a diplomatic boycott of the Games as a result.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-54)
### Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winter_olympic_bubble_vehicle_sign_on_the_rear_of_a_bus_\(20220201124650\).jpg)
Buses serving the Olympic bubble have red stickers on front and rear
The [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") resulted in changes in the qualifying process for [curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification") and [women's ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification") due to the [cancellation of tournaments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") in 2020. Qualification for curling was based on placement in the 2021 World Curling Championships and an [Olympic Qualification Event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Olympic_Qualification_Event_%E2%80%93_Curling "2021 Olympic Qualification Event – Curling") that completed the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 World Curling Championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing [IIHF World Rankings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF_World_Ranking "IIHF World Ranking"), without holding the [2020 Women's World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship "2020 IIHF Women's World Championship").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-55)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-56)
On 29 September 2021, the IOC announced biosecurity protocols for the Games; all athletes were required to remain within the [bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") (referred to as a "closed-loop management system") for the duration of their participation, which included daily [COVID-19 testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing"), and only being allowed to travel to and from Games-related venues. Unless they are fully-[vaccinated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") or have a valid medical exemption, all athletes were required to quarantine for 21 days upon their arrival. Mirroring a protocol adopted for the 2020 Summer Olympics before they were moved [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)"), the IOC also announced that only residents of the People's Republic of China would be permitted to attend the Games as spectators.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-58)
On 23 December 2021, the [National Hockey League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League "National Hockey League") (NHL) and its labor union, the [National Hockey League Players' Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League_Players%27_Association "National Hockey League Players' Association") (NHLPA), announced the withdrawal of their players' participation in the Games' men's hockey tournament, citing concerns over COVID-19 and the need to make up games that had been postponed due to COVID-19 outbreak.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-59)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-61) As part of their latest [collective agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_agreement "Collective agreement") with the NHLPA, the NHL had agreed to accommodate a break for player participation in the Olympics for the first time since [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics").[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-62) The NHL had until 10 January 2022 to opt out of Olympic participation without financial penalty.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-63)
On 17 January 2022, amid increasing lockdowns across China and the first detected case of the [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_variant "Omicron variant") in Beijing, it was announced that ticket sales to the general public were cancelled, and that limited numbers of spectators would be admitted by invitation only. These, therefore, became the second Olympics in a row that were closed to the general public.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-64) In the lead-up to the Games, organisers stated that they had aimed for at least 30% capacity at each venue, divided equally between spectators from within the "closed loop" (including dignitaries, delegations, and the press), and invited guests from outside of it (including local residents, school students, winter sports enthusiasts, and marketing partners). At least 150,000 spectators from outside the "closed loop" were expected to attend. Spectators were only present at events held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou; all events in Yanqing were held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-65)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-66)
Everyone present at the Games, including athletes, staff, and attendees, were required to use the My2022 [mobile app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app "Mobile app") as part of the biosecurity protocols, which was used for submissions of [customs declarations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_declaration "Customs declaration") and health records for travel to the Games, daily health self-reporting, and records of COVID-19 vaccination and testing. The app also provided news and information relating to the Games, and [messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messaging_app "Messaging app") functions. Concerns were raised about the security of the My2022 app and how information collected by it would be used, so several delegations advised their athletes to bring [burner phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burner_phone "Burner phone") and laptops for the duration of the games.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:0-18)
Because of the strict COVID-19 protocol, some top athletes, considered to be medal contenders, were not able to travel to China after having tested positive, even if asymptomatic. The cases included Austrian ski jumper [Marita Kramer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marita_Kramer "Marita Kramer"), the leader of the World Cup ranking,[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-67) and Russian skeletonist [Nikita Tregubov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Tregubov "Nikita Tregubov"), silver medalist of the 2018 Winter Olympics.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-68)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guantingreservoirandbridges.jpg)
[G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G6_Beijing%E2%80%93Lhasa_Expressway "G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway") and [Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Zhangjiakou_intercity_railway "Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway") connect Beijing with Zhangjiakou.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CR400BF-C-5162_at_Chengjiayao_\(20220110145226\).jpg)
[CR400BF-C-5162](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Railway_CR400BF "China Railway CR400BF") had been converted to a dedicated train for the Winter Olympics.
The new [Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Zhangjiakou_intercity_railway "Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway") opened in late 2019, starting from [Beijing North railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_North_railway_station "Beijing North railway station") and ending at [Zhangjiakou railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou_railway_station_\(Opened_in_1957\) "Zhangjiakou railway station (Opened in 1957)"). It was built for speeds of up to 350 km/h (220 mph); with this new road system, the travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was decreased to around 50 minutes. A dedicated train for the Winter Olympics began to run on this line in January 2022, featuring a mobile television studio that supports live broadcast on the train.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-69)
On 31 December 2021, the [Beijing Subway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Subway "Beijing Subway") reached the planned 783 km (487 mi) at the bid book.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-70)
Planned before the city was awarded the rights to the Games, the [Beijing Daxing International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Daxing_International_Airport "Beijing Daxing International Airport") opened in 2019, and due to the strategic location, it would be the main focus for the arrival and entry of delegations on Chinese soil. Chinese officials had hoped that this airport would replace Beijing Capital International Airport as the country's main hub for arrivals and departures between its opening and the Winter Games and reduce the international and domestic demands of the older airport. This airport replaced the old [Beijing Nanyuan Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Nanyuan_Airport "Beijing Nanyuan Airport") which was out of date and was on the list of the most dangerous airports in the world because of its location and since its opening, it has been sharing the local and international demands of the city and the country with the older [Beijing Capital International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport "Beijing Capital International Airport").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-71) However, according to the COVID-19 pandemic security protocol manual issued by [BOCWOG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games "Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games") and International Olympic Committee, all foreign delegations could only enter and leave Beijing via [the Capital International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport "Beijing Capital International Airport") due to its smaller size and the fact that it is closer to the city center and Olympic Green and has specific isolation areas and a better health protocols.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-covmanual-72)
The original estimated budget for the Games was US\$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the \$43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-73) Although there were reports that the games might cost more than US\$38.5 billion,[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-74) the final official budget was US\$2.24 billion and turning a profit of \$52 million, of which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) donated \$10.4 million of that surplus to the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) to help with the development of sport in China.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-76)
The 2022 Winter Olympics was promoted as a carbon neutral games that had a 100% green energy policy, where all competition venues were to be powered entirely by [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy "Renewable energy"), delivered through the specially constructed Zhangbei direct current (DC) grid, that transferred wind and solar energy from Zhangjiakou to Beijing. Five of the seven ice venues had been reused from the previous 2008 Summer Olympics. The 2022 Winter Games was also the first to use natural CO2 refrigerants to reduce carbon emissions from the cooling process to near zero. To offset remaining emissions, 80,000 hectares of forest were planted in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. All passenger cars and 85% of official vehicles were clean energy or fuel efficient, including 816 [hydrogen-fueled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle "Hydrogen vehicle") vehicles.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-77)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-79)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-81)
Some researchers commended Beijing’s mitigation of a wide range of emissions, but cautioned that future Olympic Games should rely less on carbon offsetting to risk creating junk assets that cannot be maintained after the games are completed. Critics had argued that the use of afforestation and grid-connected renewable energy projects, might also have existed regardless of the Olympics, and that it was questionable on whether those carbon offsets can be fairly counted as a result of the Winter Olympics and termed it as "green-washing".[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-82)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winter_Olympics_countdown_clock_at_Wangfujing_Dept_Store_\(20211226163703\).jpg)
Winter Olympics countdown clock at Wangfujing Dept Store (26 December 2021)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin_attended_the_opening_ceremony_of_2022_Beijing_Winter_Olympics_\(2\).jpg)
A scene from the opening ceremony; in lieu of a [cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_cauldron "Olympic cauldron"), the Olympic torch was mounted in the centre of a large snowflake sculpture
The opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 4 February 2022 at [Beijing National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium "Beijing National Stadium").
Amid the political controversies and tensions impacting the Games, IOC president [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") instructed athletes to "show how the world would look like, if we all respect the same rules and each other", and pledged that "there \[would\] be no discrimination for any reason whatsoever."[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-83)
The final seven torchbearers reflected multiple decades of Chinese athletes, beginning with the 1950s, and concluding with two skiers competing in the Games—21 year-old skier Zhao Jiawen from [Shanxi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi "Shanxi") (the first Chinese athlete to compete in [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics")), and 20-year-old [Dinigeer Yilamujiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinigeer_Yilamujiang "Dinigeer Yilamujiang") from the [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang "Xinjiang") autonomous region ([cross-country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics"), and the first Chinese cross-country skier to win a medal in an [ISF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation "International Ski Federation") event).[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Uyghur_lighting-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85)
For the first time in Olympic history, the final torchbearers did not light a cauldron: instead, they fitted the torch into the centre of a large stylised [snowflake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake "Snowflake"), constructed from placards bearing the names of the delegations competing in the Games.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85) Three similar snowflakes were also erected as public flames, with one outside of the stadium lit by a volunteer, one in Yanqing District lit by speed skater [Yu Jongjun](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yu_Jongjun&action=edit&redlink=1 "Yu Jongjun (page does not exist)"), and the third in Zhangjiakou lit by skier [Wang Wezhuo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Wezhuo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Wang Wezhuo (page does not exist)").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Uyghur_lighting-84)
The closing ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at Beijing National Stadium on 20 February 2022; it included a cultural presentation, closing remarks, and the formal handover to [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan "Milan") and [Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo "Cortina d'Ampezzo") as co-hosts of the [2026 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics").[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ceremonieswp-86)
The 2022 Winter Olympics included a record 109 medal events over 15 disciplines in seven sports.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-sports2022-87) There are seven new medal events, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's [monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobob "Monobob"), mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-88)
*Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each discipline.*
In October 2016, the [International Ski Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation "International Ski Federation") (FIS) announced plans to begin permitting women's competitions in [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined "Nordic combined"), to contest the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-89) In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a [ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping "Ski jumping") mixed team competition and men's and women's [big air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_air "Big air") in [freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing "Freestyle skiing").[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-90) At their May 2018 [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ski_Federation#FIS_Congress_history "International Ski Federation") at the Costa Navarino resort in [Messenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenia "Messenia"), [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece "Greece"), the FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make [telemark skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemark_skiing "Telemark skiing") an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the [aerials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_Skiing#Aerial_skiing "Freestyle Skiing") mixed team event, and several new [snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding "Snowboarding") events: the men and women's [snowboard cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboard_cross "Snowboard cross") team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-91) The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the [2014 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics") in [Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi "Sochi"), [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"), but were dropped from the Olympic program in [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") to make way for the snowboarding [big air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_air "Big air") competitions.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
The [International Luge Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Luge_Federation "International Luge Federation") (FIL) proposed the addition of six new events, including [natural track luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_track_luge "Natural track luge") (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-93)
The [International Skating Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union "International Skating Union") (ISU) continued to campaign for the addition of [synchronised skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronized_skating "Synchronized skating") as a new event within the discipline of [figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympics "Figure skating at the Olympics").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-94) The ISU also proposed a new mixed team event in [short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating "Short track speed skating").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)
In [biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon "Biathlon"), a single mixed relay was proposed by the [International Biathlon Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Biathlon_Union "International Biathlon Union") (IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92) Also, the [International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bobsleigh_and_Skeleton_Federation "International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation") (IBSF) proposed a new team event, but there was no plan to introduce a four-woman bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-itg2018-92)
In July 2018, the IOC announced changes to the program for the 2022 Winter Olympics as part of a goal to increase the participation of women, and appeal to younger audiences. Seven new medal events were added (expanding the total program to 109 events), including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's [monobob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobob "Monobob"), mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-95) Women's Nordic combined was not added; Nordic combined remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-96)
## Participating National Olympic Committees
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees")\]
On December 9, 2019, the [World Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency "World Anti-Doping Agency") (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the [Russian Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anti-Doping_Agency "Russian Anti-Doping Agency") being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared [Russian athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") to take part in the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") under a neutral banner, as instigated at the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics"), but they were not permitted to compete in team sports. WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "[Olympic Athletes from Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics")" (OAR) again, as it did in 2018, emphasising that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-97)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-98)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-99) Russia later filed an appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") (CAS) against the WADA decision.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-100)
After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 to reduce the penalty WADA had placed on Russia. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate in the Olympics and other international events, but for two years, the team could not use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team." The ruling did allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-101)
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. Russia would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-102)
On September 8, 2021, the IOC Executive Board suspended the [Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea "Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea") (North Korea) through at least the end of 2022 for violations of the [Olympic Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter"), over its refusal to send athletes to the [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics") in Tokyo due to COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns. North Korean athletes would be allowed to participate under the Olympic flag.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-103)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-104)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-105)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-106) However, the North Korean Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee said in a letter to the [2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games "Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games"), the [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee"), and the [General Administration of Sport of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Administration_of_Sport_of_China "General Administration of Sport of China") on January 7, 2022, that due to "hostile forces' moves" and the COVID-19 pandemic, they would not be able to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-107) In addition, the North Korean Olympic Committee said it would "give full support to all the work of the Chinese comrades to hold a grand and wonderful Olympic festival" but accused the "US and its followers" of being increasingly "vicious" with the aim of hampering the Games, indirectly referencing the diplomatic boycott.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-108)
The following 91 [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") had qualified athletes (two fewer than four years earlier), with [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti "Haiti") and [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") making their Winter Olympic débuts.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-109)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110) Kenya qualified one athlete, but withdrew.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ken-111)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympic_games_countries.svg)
Participating countries at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Countries making their debuts at the Winter Olympics
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2022_Winter_Olympics_team_numbers.svg)
Country by team size
| Participating [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Category:Nations at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | |
|---|---|
|  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Albania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-112)  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-as-113)  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Andorra at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-114)  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Argentina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-115)  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-116)  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Australia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (43)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-117)  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (106)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-118)  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-119)  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belarus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (26)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-120)  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (19)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-121)  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-122)  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-123)  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (10)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-124)  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (15)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-125)  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (215)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-126)  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chile at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-127)  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (182)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-128) **(Hosts)**  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-129)  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Colombia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-130)  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Croatia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (11)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-131)  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-132)  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (114)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-133)  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Denmark at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (62)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-134)  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-135)  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-136)  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (26)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-137)  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (95)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-138)  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (86)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-139)  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Georgia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (9)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-140)  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (149)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-141)  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ghana at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-142)  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (50)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-143)  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-144)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-hai-145)  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-146)  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (14)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-147)  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iceland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-148)  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "India at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-149)  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iran at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-150)  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ireland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-151)  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Israel at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (6)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-152)  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (118)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-153)  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (7)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-154)  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (124)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-155)  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (34)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-156)  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-157)  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-158)  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Latvia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (60)  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-159)  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-160)  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (13)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-161)  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-162)  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-163)  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-164)  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malta at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-165)  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mexico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-166)  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Moldova at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (5)[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-167)  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-168)  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-169)  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-170)  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Morocco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-171)  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (41)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-172)  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (15)[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-173)  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-174)  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-175)  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (84)[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-176)  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-177)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-per-178)  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Philippines at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-179)  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Poland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (57)[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-180)  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Portugal at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (3)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-181)  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-182)  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (212)[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-183)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-184)  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Romania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (21)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-185)  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "San Marino at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-186)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ksa-187)  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Serbia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-188)  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (50)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-189)  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (42)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-190)  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "South Korea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (64)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-191)  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Spain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (14)[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-192)  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (116)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-193)  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (167)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-194)  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (4)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-195)  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-196)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (2)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-tto-197)  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Turkey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (7)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-198)  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (45)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-199)  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (224)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-200)  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-201)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") (1)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-isv-202) | |
| NOCs that participated in 2018, but did not in 2022.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-203) | NOCs that participated in 2022, but did not in 2018. |
|  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-204)  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Kenya at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ken-111)  [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-205)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-206)  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Singapore at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "South Africa at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Togo at the 2018 Winter Olympics")  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Tonga at the 2018 Winter Olympics")[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-207) |  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-as-113)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-per-178)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-debut-110)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-tto-197)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics")[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-isv-202) |
### Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee")\]
2,871 [athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlete "Athlete") from 91 [NOCs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee"):
| [Ranking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking "Ranking") | [NOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") | [Athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletes "Athletes") |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 224 |
| 2 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 215 |
| 3 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 212 |
| 4 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "China at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 182 |
| 5 |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 167 |
| 6 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 149 |
| 7 |  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 124 |
| 8 |  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 118 |
| 9 |  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 116 |
| 10 |  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 114 |
| 11 |  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Austria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 106 |
| 12 |  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 95 |
| 13 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "France at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 86 |
| 14 |  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Norway at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 84 |
| 15 |  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "South Korea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 64 |
| 16 |  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Denmark at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 62 |
| 17 |  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Latvia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 60 |
| 18 |  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Poland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 57 |
| 19 |  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 50 |
| 20 |  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 50 |
| 21 |  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 45 |
| 23 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Australia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 43 |
| 22 |  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 42 |
| 24 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 41 |
| 25 |  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 34 |
| 26 |  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belarus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 26 |
|  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 26 | |
| 28 |  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Romania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 21 |
| 29 |  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 19 |
| 30 |  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 15 |
|  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 15 | |
| 32 |  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hungary at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 14 |
|  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Spain at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 14 | |
| 34 |  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 13 |
| 35 |  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Croatia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 11 |
| 36 |  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 10 |
| 37 |  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Georgia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 9 |
| 38 |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Turkey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 |
|  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 7 | |
| 40 |  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Argentina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 |
|  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ireland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
|  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Israel at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 6 | |
| 45 |  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Andorra at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 |
|  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
|  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iceland at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
|  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Moldova at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 5 | |
| 49 |  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chile at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 |
|  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
|  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mexico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
|  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 4 | |
| 53 |  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Colombia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 |
|  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Iran at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
|  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Portugal at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 3 | |
| 61 |  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 |
|  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "San Marino at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Serbia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
|  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 2 | |
| 73 |  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Albania at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 |
|  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ghana at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "India at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Malta at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Morocco at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Peru at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Philippines at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
|  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | 1 | |
| Total | 2,871 | |
Competition began two days before the opening ceremony on 2 February, and ended on 20 February 2022.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-208) Organizers went through several revisions of the schedule, and each edition needed to be approved by the IOC.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-209)
*All times and dates use [China Standard Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Standard_Time "China Standard Time") ([UTC+8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B8 "UTC+8"))*
| | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[OC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony")** | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | **1** | Event finals | **EG** | Exhibition gala | **[CC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony")** | Closing ceremony |
| February 2022 | 2nd Wed | 3rd Thu | 4th Fri | 5th Sat | 6th Sun | 7th Mon | 8th Tue | 9th Wed | 10th Thu | 11th Fri | 12th Sat | 13th Sun | 14th Mon | 15th Tue | 16th Wed | 17th Thu | 18th Fri | 19th Sat | 20th Sun | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Rings_Icon.svg) Ceremonies | | | **OC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **CC** | N/a |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **1** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **1** | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biathlon_pictogram.svg) [Biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | | **1** | **1** | | | **1** | **1** | **2** | | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bobsleigh_pictogram.svg) [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Cross-country skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | | | **1** | **1** | **12** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curling_pictogram.svg) [Curling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **3** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_skating_pictogram.svg) [Figure skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | ● | | ● | **1** | ● | | **1** | | ● | | **1** | ● | | **1** | ● | **1** | **EG** | **5** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freestyle_skiing_pictogram.svg) [Freestyle skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | ● | | **1** | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | **1** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | | **13** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg) [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | **2** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luge_pictogram.svg) [Luge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | ● | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nordic_combined_pictogram.svg) [Nordic combined](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | **1** | | | | | | **1** | | **1** | | | | **3** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_track_speed_skating_pictogram.svg) [Short track speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | | **1** | | **2** | | | **2** | | | | | **9** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skeleton_pictogram.svg) [Skeleton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **2** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg) [Ski jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | ● | **1** | | **1** | | | | | | | **5** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snowboarding_pictogram.svg) [Snowboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **1** | | ● | **2** | | | | | | **11** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Speed_skating_pictogram.svg) [Speed skating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **2** | | **1** | **1** | **2** | | **14** |
| Daily medal events | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 109 |
| Cumulative total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 21 | 31 | 37 | 45 | 52 | 58 | 65 | 69 | 78 | 86 | 92 | 97 | 104 | 109 | |
| February 2022 | 2nd Wed | 3rd Thu | 4th Fri | 5th Sat | 6th Sun | 7th Mon | 8th Tue | 9th Wed | 10th Thu | 11th Fri | 12th Sat | 13th Sun | 14th Mon | 15th Tue | 16th Wed | 17th Thu | 18th Fri | 19th Sat | 20th Sun | Total events |
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medals_of_2022_Winter_Olympics_on_exhibit_\(20220905115734\).jpg)
Medals of 2022 Winter Olympics
‡ Change in medal table
\* Host nation ([China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"))
| Date | Sport | Event | Team | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 February | [Bobsleigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | [Two-man bob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Two-man "Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Two-man") |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Germany at the 2022 Winter Olympics") | [Francesco Friedrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Friedrich "Francesco Friedrich") [Thorsten Margis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorsten_Margis "Thorsten Margis") | [Johannes Lochner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Lochner "Johannes Lochner") [Florian Bauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_Bauer "Florian Bauer") | [Christoph Hafer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Hafer "Christoph Hafer") [Matthias Sommer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sommer "Matthias Sommer") | [\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-211) |
### Changes in medal standings
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Changes in medal standings")\]
On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified [Kamila Valieva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamila_Valieva "Kamila Valieva"), a Russian figure skater, for four years (retroactive to 25 December 2021) for an anti-doping rule violation.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-212) On 30 January 2024, the ISU reallocated medals in the [figure skating team event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Team_event "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Team event") to upgrade the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-213)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A5%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%8A%B1%E5%9D%9B_%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A5.jpg)
Flower bed along [Chang'an Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27an_Avenue "Chang'an Avenue").
The emblem for the 2022 Winter Olympics, "Winter Dream" (冬梦), was unveiled on 15 December 2017 at the [Beijing National Aquatics Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Center "Beijing National Aquatics Center"). Designed by Lin Cunzhen (who previously designed the emblem of the [2014 Summer Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") in [Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing "Nanjing")), the emblem is a stylised rendition of the Chinese character for winter (冬) as a multi-coloured ribbon, reflecting upon the landscapes of the host region. The beginning of the ribbon symbolises an ice skater, while the end of the ribbon symbolises a skier. The emblem carries a blue, red, and yellow colour scheme: the latter two colours represent both the [flag of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China "Flag of China"), and "passion, youth, and vitality".[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-214)
[Bing Dwen Dwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Dwen_Dwen_and_Shuey_Rhon_Rhon "Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon") was the mascot of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from thousands of Chinese designs in 35 countries worldwide. "Bing" (冰) means ice in Chinese, and was meant to suggest purity and strength. "Dwen Dwen" (墩墩) was meant to suggest robustness, liveliness, and youth. Bing Dwen Dwen's astronaut-like clothes implied that the Winter Olympics embraced new technologies and created possibilities.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-215)
The Games' official slogan, "Together for a Shared Future" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 一起向未来; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *Yīqǐ xiàng wèilái*), was announced on 17 September 2021; organisers stated that the slogan was intended to reflect "the power of the Games to overcome global challenges as a community".[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-216)
The slogan was compared in media with [Chinese leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping")'s policy slogan: 'Building the Common Future of Humanity'.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-217)
- Independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recorded 2.01 billion viewers across television and digital platforms.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto6-218)[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-219)
- A total of 713 billion minutes of coverage was watched on various Olympic Media Rights Partners' channels, which represents an 18 per cent increase when comparing with the last Winter Olympics.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto6-218)
In China, domestic rights to these Games were owned by [China Media Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Media_Group "China Media Group") (CMG), with rights being sublicensed by [China Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Mobile "China Mobile")'s Migu streaming service.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-220)
These Games confirmed an ongoing trend in U.S. viewership of the Olympics; while television viewership had seen a further decline, they were offset by increases in [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") engagement and [streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") viewership of the Games. Similar trends were seen in Europe, where amidst falling TV ratings Eurosport reported an eight-fold increase in streaming viewership on its platforms and [Discovery+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%2B "Discovery+") over Pyeongchang 2018.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-221)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-222)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-223)
## Concerns and controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Concerns and controversies")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protest_von_Tibetern_und_Uiguren_vor_dem_Brandenburger_Tor_gegen_die_Olympischen_Spiele_Beiing_2022_05_\(cropped\).jpg)
Demonstration of Tibetans and Uyghurs in front of the [Brandenburg Gate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate "Brandenburg Gate") in [Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin "Berlin") against the Olympic Games in Beijing 2022
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boycott_Chinese_Winter_Olympics_Protest.jpg)
Protest by Tibetan independence groups against Chinese Winter Olympics (2022) held in Lausanne at the headquarters of the IOC
During the bidding process, critics questioned the Beijing bid, arguing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-224)[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-225)
Additional concerns about weather conditions were raised during certain events. Swedish athlete [Frida Karlsson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Karlsson "Frida Karlsson") nearly collapsed after the [women's skiathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_15_kilometre_skiathlon "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon") due to low temperatures.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc20220208-226) Afterwards, the Swedes considered putting in a request for races to be moved to earlier in the day, stating that the afternoons and early evenings scheduled for European TV audiences were hurting the performance of the athletes.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto5-227)
As in 2008, activists, human rights groups, and diplomats made calls to boycott the Olympic Games when hosted by China. In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the [Xinjiang papers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_papers "Xinjiang papers"), the [2019–2020 Hong Kong protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests"), and the [persecution of Uyghurs in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China "Persecution of Uyghurs in China"),[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-228)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-jerusalempost-229) calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-230)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-231)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-wash_Beij-232) Because of these issues, the selection of an athlete from Xinjiang as part of the final torchbearers received a mixed reaction.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-233)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-234)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:2-85)
In February 2021, the [Chinese Communist Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party "Chinese Communist Party")\-owned tabloid *[Global Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Times "Global Times")* warned that China could "seriously sanction any country that follows a boycott."[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-235)[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-236) In March 2021, Chinese spokesperson Guo Weimin stated that any attempt to boycott the Olympics would be doomed to fail.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-237) China's Foreign Minister [Wang Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Yi_\(politician\) "Wang Yi (politician)") also told the [EU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU "EU")'s foreign policy chief [Josep Borrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Borrell "Josep Borrell") that they should attend the games to "enhance exchanges on winter sport", and to "foster new highlights" in bilateral cooperation.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-politico.eu-238)
The IOC stated that it remains neutral in all global political issues and that the award of hosting the games does not signal agreement with the host country's political or social situation or its human rights standards. The committee's response to [Agence France-Presse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse "Agence France-Presse") read: "We've repeatedly said it: the IOC isn't responsible for the government. It only gives the rights and opportunity for the staging of the Olympic Games. That doesn't mean we agree with all the politics, all the social or human rights issues in the country. And it doesn't mean we approve of all the human rights violations of a person or people." The statement attracted criticism, with [Pacific University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_University "Pacific University") professor [Jules Boykoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Boykoff "Jules Boykoff") accusing the IOC of "hypocrisy".[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-politico.eu-238)
On 19 November 2021, a group of 17 members of the Lithuanian national parliament [Seimas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seimas "Seimas") released an official letter encouraging [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania "Lithuania") to withdraw from the 2022 Winter Olympics due to human rights violations in China.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-239) On 3 December 2021, Lithuania was the first nation to announce a diplomatic boycott of the games.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-240)
After the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine") in late February 2022, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* published a report alleging that China requested Russia to delay the invasion until after the Olympics to avoid damaging the Games' public image.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-241) Russia invaded [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine "Ukraine") just four days after the Games' Closing Ceremony. Liu Pengyu, spokesperson for the [Chinese Embassy in Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_China,_Washington,_D.C. "Embassy of China, Washington, D.C."), has rejected the claims as "speculations without any basis, and intended to blame-shift and smear China".[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-242)
The United States boycott of China's [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") was predominantly due to [China's human rights issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_human_rights_issues "Chinese human rights issues") on topics such as the systematic oppression of the Uyghurs, [Tibetans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Tibetans "Chinese Tibetans") and the [protests in Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests") in 2019.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-243) The Chinese government implemented many coercive activities in those regions, such as the [reeducation camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps "Xinjiang internment camps"), mass detention camps of allegedly over a million uyghurs,[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-244) and [restricted access to social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Firewall "Great Firewall").
Following the United States' announcement of a diplomatic boycott, a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, India, Estonia, and Kosovo, also participated. Meanwhile, Austria, Latvia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the Netherlands opted not to send government officials to the event but did not explicitly cite human rights concerns. Instead, they attributed their decisions to factors such as COVID-19 precautions. However, several U.S. allies, including South Korea, Germany, Italy, and France, did not join the boycott.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-246)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-247)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-248)
Unlike the US and other boycotting countries, the Japanese government did not use the term "diplomatic boycott" but announced it would not send any senior officials or Cabinet ministers. Japanese Olympic and Paralympic Committee leaders, along with senior lawmaker [Seiko Hashimoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Hashimoto "Seiko Hashimoto"), however attended in non-governmental capacities. China welcomed the representatives, and Tokyo's decision was seen as a compromise to balance domestic and international considerations, including appeasing conservative lawmakers and allies in Washington.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-249)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:8-5)
The IOC remained relatively neutral regarding the letter from CECC or the boycott.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-250) The IOC negotiated with the Chinese government on specific protocols to ensure the Olympic Games ran smoothly, such as providing unrestricted internet access to foreign journalists.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)
In October 2018, American senator [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio"), [Senator Jeff Merkley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Merkley "Jeff Merkley"), and Congressmen [Jim McGovern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_McGovern_\(American_politician\) "Jim McGovern (American politician)") and [Chris Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Smith_\(New_Jersey_politician\) "Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)") sent a letter, on behalf of the [Congressional-Executive Commission on China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China "Congressional-Executive Commission on China") (CECC), to the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) requesting the revocation of China's host right on the 2022 Winter Olympics.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-251) The letter stated that "no Olympics should be held in a country whose government is committing genocide and crimes against humanity."
In November 2021, [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") proposed "a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics."[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245) The Biden administration was aware of the prospective sanctions by the National Olympic Committee and was careful regarding the scale and severity of the boycott.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto1-245)
In December 2021, the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") officially initiated a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, restricting United States government officials' presence at the games.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-252) The attendance of [Team USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_Olympics "United States at the Olympics") athletes was not affected by the diplomatic boycott.
China declared that the United States was "politicizing sports" with the diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-253) The [Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China") spokesperson, [Zhao Lijian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Lijian "Zhao Lijian"), accused the United States of violating the spirit of political neutrality endorsed in the [Olympic Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter"), stating that the Olympic Games "should not be a place for political posturing and manipulation".[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-254) China announced that the United States was not yet officially invited by the host committee; thus, the United States "should not have initiated the boycott in the first place".[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-255)
According to analysis by *CNN’s* *Beijing Bureau*, no athletes or attendees publicly protested China's human rights record during the Games. Susan Brownell, a scholar of Chinese sports and the Olympics at the [University of Missouri–St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis "University of Missouri–St. Louis"), said, "You can't write stories about people who aren't in Beijing - that's the problem with the diplomatic boycott. There's no story once the Games start." She added that she had anticipated political controversies would fade into the background as sporting events took prominence, which she notes what "has largely happened."[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-256)
### Propaganda and information operations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=33 "Edit section: Propaganda and information operations")\]
The Chinese government's internet troll networks were mobilized before the Games to support government messaging. This has included campaigns of intimidation against human rights activists abroad. The [Ministry of Public Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_\(China\) "Ministry of Public Security (China)")'s [Spamouflage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamouflage "Spamouflage") [disinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation "Disinformation") network transitioned to primarily push Olympic messaging in December 2021.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Why_the_US_Must_Take_China's_Disinf-257)
In the run up to the Olympics, thousands of fake Twitter accounts pushed the Government's position in the [Peng Shuai scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Peng_Shuai "Disappearance of Peng Shuai") and the IOC's involvement[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Inside_the_Games-8) as well as attacking foreign journalists.[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-258) *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* and [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica") identified a network of more than 3,000 inauthentic-looking Twitter accounts that appeared to be coordinating. Such accounts appeared to operate solely to amplify state media, as most of these accounts were recently created with very few followers, and their activity consisted solely of reposting China comments including from one account called "Spicy Panda" whose cartoons and videos rallied against the Olympic boycott.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-propublica.org-259) A Twitter spokesperson said that hundreds of accounts included in the investigation's findings have since been suspended for violating the "platform manipulation and spam policy," which prohibits "coordinated activity that attempts to artificially influence conversations through the use of multiple accounts, fake accounts and automation."[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-260)
American freestyle skier [Aaron Blunck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Blunck "Aaron Blunck") said that he had his Twitter account suspended after praising the Games. Internet archives indicate that his account was suspended in September 2021; Twitter said this account was “suspended in error and has since been recovered”. Blunck criticized what he referred to as biased media coverage of the games. Speaking to reporters in the room, Blunck said China had "honestly done a stellar job with the whole Covid protocol.. I didn’t really know what to expect, being stateside you’ve kind of heard some pretty bad media, and that is completely false – it’s actually been phenomenal".[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-261)
Press freedom has been a concern before and during the Games, despite assurances from the International Olympic Committee. In January 2022, Yang Shu, deputy director general of Beijing 2022's International Relations Department, "explicitly threatened the world’s athletes", saying that "if they act, protest or speak in a way that is offensive to Chinese law and the Chinese government, there will be certain punishment.”[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-262) John MacAloon, a professor in the Social Sciences Graduate Division at the [University of Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago "University of Chicago") said “If the IOC simply ignores what’s happening in Xinjiang, then for many people, while it does its duty in providing a Games for the athletes, the IOC is effectively resigning from leadership of the Olympic movement, a social movement enshrining common humanity, human dignity, and human rights.” [\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-263) [Human Rights Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch "Human Rights Watch") stated that censorship has seriously marred the 2022 Games.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-264)
The Citizen Lab report on the My2022 app (see below) discovered a "censorship keywords" list built into the app, and a feature that allows people to flag other "politically sensitive" expressions. The list of words included the names of Chinese leaders and government agencies, as well as references to the 1989 killing of pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square, and the religious group Falun Gong.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)
#### Negative news censored during the games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: Negative news censored during the games")\]
On 28 January 2022, a few days before the opening ceremony, the [Xuzhou chained woman incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzhou_chained_woman_incident "Xuzhou chained woman incident") was exposed on Chinese social media. Several media figures, including Han Song from the state-controlled [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency") argued that people should be more concerned about the incident than the Winter Olympics.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-266) However, to avoid any negative news that could divert the public's attention from the Olympics, Chinese news media outlets were order by authorities to avoid reporting such cases, with many social media posts related to the incident censored.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-267)[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-268) Some people who tried to dig into the story by investigating the case in Feng County were even detained by the police.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-269)
#### Harassment of journalists
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: Harassment of journalists")\]
The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China, in its annual report released prior to the Games, cited “unprecedented” challenges for reporting in and about the country.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-270) After the Games concluded, the FCCC listed a number of claims of intimidation, obstruction and harassment, including reporters being tailed and manhandled by security despite assurances from Games officials. The FCCC also reported extensive online trolling and abuse of journalists and states that "some cases" were "fuelled by Chinese state media accounts and Chinese diplomats", describing it as an observed aspect of state-backed online harassment and propaganda campaigns.[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-271)
On February 4, 2022, a Dutch journalist, Sjoerd den Daas was dragged away by a Chinese security guard while reporting live on the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony, stating "We have just been expelled from another area, so I'm afraid we'll have to come back to you later". His employer, the Dutch broadcaster [NOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting "Nederlandse Omroep Stichting") later addressed the incident on Twitter, stating: "Our correspondent \[den Daas\] was pulled away from the camera by security guards at 12:00 p.m. \[6:00 a.m. ET\] live in the NOS Journaal. Unfortunately, this is increasingly becoming a daily reality for journalists in China. He is fine and was able to finish his story a few minutes later".[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-272)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-273)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Dutch_reporter-274)
IOC spokesman Mark Adams said that he thinks the security guard may have been "overzealous" and that the incident is a one-off and reassured that journalists could continue their work freely as long as they remained within the closed loop.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-275)[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-276)[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-277)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-Dutch_reporter-274) Officials defended the strict COVID-19 measures, requiring all participants including athletes, officials, and media to remain within a "closed loop" system that included competition venues, the media center, and designated accommodations to limit virus transmission.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-278)[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:1-279) Yan Jiarong, spokeswoman for the Beijing Olympics, said "we welcome all the international media to cover the Beijing 2022 Games and we will also protect the legal rights of the international journalists".[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-280)
Den Daas pushed back against the IOC's characterization of the incident as an "isolated" case, noting that he and other foreign journalists had been “hindered or stopped multiple times” by police while covering topics related to the Games.[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-281)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-282)
### Espionage directed at athletes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: Espionage directed at athletes")\]
China's espionage of athletes serves its political interests as well as addresses safety and COVID concerns. The [smartphone app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_app "Smartphone app") associated with the games, My2022, has been a particular subject of espionage concern.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-283)
All attendees to the Games, including athletes, audience members, and media, are required to use the My2022 app purportedly for daily COVID monitoring. The cybersecurity group [Citizen Lab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Lab "Citizen Lab"), a research institute at the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, warned that the My2022 app fails to provide encryption on many of its files, and has security weaknesses that leave users exposed to [data breaches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_breach "Data breach"). The Citizen Lab disclosed the concerns about the app on 3 December 2021, giving the organizing 15 days to respond and 45 days to fix the issues. A new iOS version of MY2022 was released on 6 January 2022, which failed to fix these problems, while adding a new "Green Health Code", feature that collects more medical data and also lacks [SSL certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSL_certificate "SSL certificate") validation making it vulnerable to attacks.[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-ReferenceD-284)
Numerous Olympic committees, including the [British Olympic Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Olympic_Association "British Olympic Association"), the [Australian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee "Australian Olympic Committee"), [Canadian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Committee "Canadian Olympic Committee"), [NOC\*NSF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Olympic_Committee "Dutch Olympic Committee"), and [United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Committee "United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee"), have recommended that attendees use [burner phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burner_phones "Burner phones"), [virtual private networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_networks "Virtual private networks") (VPNs), and create email accounts for their time in China, while leaving personal smartphones and laptops at home.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-cbc.ca-285)[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-usatoday.com-286)
Cyber security firm Internet 2.0 has also warned of potential security risks during the Olympics, when it examined the technology sponsors of the Games and their products that show "the sophisticated and broad surveillance culture that exists in China". Internet 2.0 noted that "China's national data security laws are not designed with the Western values of [privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy "Privacy") and liberty and do not offer the same level of protection" as the laws allow the government to request access to the user data captured by these products.[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc.com-265)
### Environmental impact
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=38 "Edit section: Environmental impact")\]
An estimated 49 million US gallons (190,000,000 L; 41,000,000 imp gal) of water was expected to be used to [create snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmaking "Snowmaking") at the various venues. [Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang "Pyeongchang"), South Korea, which held the [previous Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics"), also had a cold but similarly arid climate that required vast quantities of [artificial snow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_snow "Artificial snow"). Professor Carmen de Jong, a geographer at the [University of Strasbourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg "University of Strasbourg"), argued that these would be the "most unsustainable" Winter Olympics in history. The IOC stated that "a series of water-conserving and recycling designs have been put into place to optimise water usage for snowmaking, human consumption, and other purposes.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-guardian2022nov6-287)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
Artificial snow forms a harder piste compared to real snow. It is often favoured by professionals for being fast and "hyper-grippy" but also raises their fear of falling on it.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-guardian2022nov6-287)[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-afp2022feb2-288) American snowboarder [Jamie Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Anderson_\(snowboarder\) "Jamie Anderson (snowboarder)") compared it to "pretty bulletproof ice" while her teammate Courtney Rummel compared it to the man-made snow in [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin").[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-afp2022feb2-288)
According to [Jules Boykoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Boykoff "Jules Boykoff") in February 2022, Beijing's electricity came largely from coal and this coal power was what supported the construction of some Olympic venues. To offset emissions from construction and air travel, China had planted roughly 60 million trees.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-289)
### Sporting controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=39 "Edit section: Sporting controversies")\]
There were concerns about decisions and disqualification in several events during the games. These issues included the following:
- An official appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") over the disqualification of two South Korean athletes from the men's 1000 metres short track speed skating event filed by the [Korean Sport & Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sport_%26_Olympic_Committee "Korean Sport & Olympic Committee"), after having their protests rejected by the [International Skating Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union "International Skating Union").[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-290)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-291)[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto2-292)
- Controversy surrounding a ruling of an obstruction in the [5000 metres relay event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_5000_metre_relay "Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metre relay").[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-293)
- A potential missed call by judges during the [men's snowboard slopestyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_slopestyle "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle") and [men's half pipe event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_halfpipe "Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's halfpipe") events.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-294)[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-295)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-296)[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-297)
- A ruling of a false start in the men's [500 metres speed skating event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_500_metres "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's 500 metres").[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-298)
- The disqualification of racers for their uniforms during the [mixed team normal hill event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_team "Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Mixed team") of ski jumping.
- The continued participation of the figure skater [Kamila Valieva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamila_Valieva "Kamila Valieva") in the [women's singles competition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_singles "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles") after a preliminary positive drug test from a sample 2 months prior.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-299)
- Three athletes failed the doping test during the Olympics and were suspended: Iranian alpine skier [Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Saveh-Shemshaki "Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki"), Ukrainian cross-country skier [Valiantsina Kaminskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiantsina_Kaminskaya "Valiantsina Kaminskaya"), and Ukrainian bobsledder [Lidiia Hunko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidiia_Hunko "Lidiia Hunko").[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-300) The positive test of the Spanish figure skater [Laura Barquero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Barquero "Laura Barquero") was announced after the Olympics.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-301)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-302)
- U.S. skater [Joey Mantia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Mantia "Joey Mantia") alleged that South Korean skater [Lee Seung-hoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Seung-hoon_\(speed_skater\) "Lee Seung-hoon (speed skater)") made contact with him and pulled him back, preventing him from winning a bronze medal in the [Mass Start](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_mass_start "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's mass start") final. Mantia lost by a 0.002-second margin. Team USA challenged the result, but Lee was awarded the bronze medal.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-sports.yahoo.com-303)[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-304)[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-305)
### Athlete and officials complaints
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit§ion=40 "Edit section: Athlete and officials complaints")\]
Compared to previous games, the 2022 Winter Games was notable in having strict protocols to prevent a disruptive outbreak while hosting competitive events. These include mandatory health monitoring apps and daily checks for all journalists and athletes and a "closed loop" system that segregated participants from the general public. There were mixed reactions towards the necessity of the measures being used to contain [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") at the games. *[The Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times "The Times")* reported that many athletes had welcomed the infection control protocols however some athletes have pushed back. Overall, the event had a 0.01% infection rate and was able to successfully keep [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_covid "Omicron covid") variant at bay. Among athletes who had tested positive, many were able to recover in the loop and compete, but a few were unable to. Due to the measures, there were no outbreaks at the games.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-306)
The food and overall conditions in [quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine "Quarantine") hotels given to athletes testing positive for COVID-19 were criticised early on.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:3-307)[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:7-308) Team officials from delegations including Belgium, Germany, Poland, Finland and the Russian Olympic Committee all brought up issues their athletes faced in quarantine hotels, among them were the lack of internet connections, low-quality food, insufficient facilities and no training equipment.[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-309)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-310)[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-311)
With China's [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") policy, there were issues raised about the process of quarantine at the games.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:3-307) On 2 February, Belgian skeleton athlete [Kim Meylemans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Meylemans "Kim Meylemans") posted on social media and was in tears about the conditions she faced while in quarantine.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-312)[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-313) According to *[Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek")* and [*Time*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)"), the hotels' conditions appeared to have improved after the athletes' complaints were made public.[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:7-308)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:4-314)
There were some complaints about the food served outside of quarantine. Germany's [alpine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_downhill "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's downhill") coach Christian Schweiger called the catering "extremely questionable" for not having hot meals but he echoed athletes from several nations that the food at the nearby Athletes' Village was great.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:6-315) The US and South Korean teams elected to bring their own food.[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:5-316) Austrian skier [Matthias Mayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Mayer "Matthias Mayer") said that [Kitzbuehel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzb%C3%BChel#Sport "Kitzbühel") would have offered "the best of the best" but also that a hot meal right before a race might not bring out top performances.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-:6-315)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-317)
Other complaints included low temperatures and related safety concerns. Sweden's [Frida Karlsson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Karlsson "Frida Karlsson") nearly collapsed at the conclusion of the [women's skiathlon cross-country race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_15_kilometre_skiathlon "Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon"). Afterwards, her team considered requesting that races held in afternoons and evenings for European TV audiences be moved to earlier during the day.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-auto5-227)[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-bbc20220208-226) Some athletes resorted to putting tape on their faces and noses to protect them from the bitter cold.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-318) Heavy snowfall disrupted a number of competition and training events on 13 February. Thirty-three skiers did not finish their first run of the [men's giant slalom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_giant_slalom "Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's giant slalom"). [Henrik Kristoffersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Kristoffersen "Henrik Kristoffersen") of Norway said that he "couldn't see shit." Switzerland's [Loic Meillard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loic_Meillard "Loic Meillard") said, "It's not what I was hoping for but it's part of the game ... we've raced in conditions like that before."[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_note-319)
- [2022 Winter Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics "2022 Winter Paralympics")
- Olympic Games held in China
- [2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") – Beijing
- [2014 Summer Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") – Nanjing
- [2022 Winter Olympics]() – Beijing
- [List of IOC country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes")
- [List of Olympic Games boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_boycotts "List of Olympic Games boycotts")
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-46)** Originally simply **Zhuangke**. It is said that the village *Dazhuangke* has been officially renamed *Xidazhuangke*/*West Dazhuangke* to avoid confusion with the other [Dazhuangke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dazhuangke,_Dazhuangke_Township&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dazhuangke, Dazhuangke Township (page does not exist)") \[[Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13666226#sitelinks-wikipedia "d:Special:EntityPage/Q13666226")\], also in [Yanqing District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqing_District "Yanqing District"). *Zhuangke* (庄窠) approximately means peasant dwellings/households in certain dialects of [Jin Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Chinese "Jin Chinese"); *Zhuangke* (庄科) is a Mandarin corruption of Jin Chinese *Zhuangke* (庄窠).
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-183)** Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee").
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics#cite_ref-205)** NOC suspended.
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- [Organizing Committee Website](https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191210174041/https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/) 10 December 2019 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- [Beijing 2022](https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/beijing-2022) on the IOC Website |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics s443 |