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| Boilerpipe Text | "2020 Olympics", "Tokyo 2020", "2021 Olympics", and "Tokyo 2021" redirect here. For the Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, see
2020 Winter Youth Olympics
. For the Summer Paralympics, see
2020 Summer Paralympics
.
Games of the XXXII Olympiad
Emblem of the 2020 Summer Olympics
[
a
]
Location
Tokyo, Japan
Motto
United by Emotion
[
b
]
Nations
206 (including
EOR
and
ROC
teams)
Athletes
11,319 (5,910 men, 5,409 women)
[
2
]
Events
339 in 33
sports
(51 disciplines)
Opening
23 July 2021
Closing
8 August 2021
Opened by
Emperor Naruhito
Closed by
IOC president
Thomas Bach
Cauldron
Naomi Osaka
Stadium
Japan National Stadium
[
c
]
Summer
←
Rio 2016
Paris 2024
→
Winter
←
Pyeongchang 2018
Beijing 2022
→
2020 Summer Paralympics
The
2020 Summer Olympics
,
[
d
]
officially the
Games of the XXXII Olympiad
[
e
]
and officially branded as
Tokyo 2020
,
[
f
]
were an international
multi-sport event
held from July 23 to August 8, 2021, in
Tokyo
, Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on July 21, 2021. Tokyo was selected as the
host city
during the
125th IOC Session
in
Buenos Aires
, Argentina on September 7, 2013.
[
3
]
Originally scheduled to take place from July 24 to August 9, 2020, the Tokyo Games were postponed until 2021 on March 24, 2020 as a result of the global
COVID-19 pandemic
, the first such postponement in the history of the
Olympic Games
(some previous editions had been cancelled but not rescheduled).
[
4
]
[
5
]
However, the
Tokyo 2020
branding was retained for marketing purposes.
[
6
]
The events were largely held
behind closed doors
with no public spectators permitted due to the declaration of a state of emergency in the
Greater Tokyo Area
in response to the pandemic, the only Olympic Games to be held without official spectators.
[
g
]
As a consequence of the postponement and the additional challenges caused by the pandemic, the 2020 Games were the most costly ever, with a total expenditure of over $20 billion.
[
8
]
The 2020 Games were the fourth Olympics to be held in Japan, following the
1964 Summer Olympics
(Tokyo), the
1972 Winter Olympics
(
Sapporo
), and the
1998 Winter Olympics
(
Nagano
). Tokyo became the first city in
Asia
to hold the
Summer Olympic Games
twice.
[
h
]
The 2020 Games were the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in
East Asia
, following the
2018 Winter Olympics
in
Pyeongchang, South Korea
and preceding the
2022 Winter Olympics
in
Beijing, China
. Because of the one-year postponement, Tokyo 2020 is the only Olympic Games to have taken place in an odd-numbered year.
[
10
]
New events were introduced in existing sports, including
3x3 basketball
,
freestyle BMX
, and mixed-gender team events in a number of existing sports, as well as the return of
madison cycling
for men and an introduction of the same event for women. New
IOC
policies allowed the host city's organizing committee to add new sports to the
Olympic program
for just one Games. The disciplines added by the
Japanese Olympic Committee
were
baseball
and
softball
,
karate
,
sport climbing
,
surfing
, and
skateboarding
; the last four of these were making their Olympic debuts, and the last three have remained on the Olympic program.
[
11
]
The
United States
topped the
medal table
both by gold (39) and total medals (113), with
China
finishing second (38 and 89, respectively). Host nation
Japan
finished third, setting a record for the most gold and overall medals won by their delegation at an Olympic Games with 27 and 58, respectively.
Great Britain
finished fourth, with 22 gold and 64 total medals. The
Russian delegation
, competing as the
ROC
, finished fifth with 20 gold medals and third in the overall medal count, with 71 medals.
Bermuda
, the
Philippines
, and
Qatar
won their first-ever Olympic gold medals.
[
12
]
[
13
]
[
14
]
Burkina Faso
,
San Marino
, and
Turkmenistan
also won their first-ever Olympic medals.
[
15
]
[
16
]
[
17
]
The three candidate cities were
Tokyo
,
Istanbul
, and
Madrid
. The applicant cities of
Baku
and
Doha
were not promoted to candidate status. A
bid from Rome
was withdrawn.
[
18
]
Host city selection
[
edit
]
The
International Olympic Committee
(IOC) voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on September 7, 2013, at the
125th IOC Session
in
Buenos Aires
, Argentina, using an
exhaustive ballot
system.
[
18
]
None of the candidate cities won more than 50% of the votes in the first round; Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place, so a runoff vote was held to determine which of the two cities would be eliminated. The final vote was a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul. Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, gaining at least the 49 votes required for a majority.
[
18
]
2020 Summer Olympics host city election
[
19
]
City
Team
Round 1
Runoff
Round 2
Tokyo
Japan
42
—
60
Istanbul
Turkey
26
49
36
Madrid
Spain
26
45
—
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
[
edit
]
Few pedestrians on the
Shibuya Crossing
during the state of emergency in the middle of Japan's
first wave
of the COVID-19 pandemic, early 2020
In January 2020, concerns were raised about the potential impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic
on athletes and visitors to the Summer Olympic Games.
[
20
]
Tokyo organizers and the International Olympic Committee insisted they were monitoring the spread of the disease to minimize its effects on preparations for the Olympics.
[
21
]
The IOC stated that in 2020, their Japanese partners and Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe
"made it very clear that Japan could not manage a postponement beyond next summer [2021] at the latest".
[
22
]
Unlike the
case for Zika virus
during the
2016 Summer Olympics
in Rio de Janeiro,
SARS-CoV-2
can be transmitted directly between humans, posing tougher challenges for the organizers to counteract the infectious disease and host a safe and secure event.
[
20
]
Also unlike the
case for H1N1 "swine flu"
during the
2010 Winter Olympics
in Vancouver, COVID-19 has a higher fatality rate, and there was no
effective vaccine
until December 2020.
[
23
]
In a February 2020 interview,
Conservative
London mayoral candidate
Shaun Bailey
argued that London would be able to host the Olympic Games at the former
2012 Olympic venues
should the Games need to be moved because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
[
24
]
Tokyo Governor
Yuriko Koike
criticized Bailey's comment as inappropriate.
[
25
]
In early 2021, officials in the US state of
Florida
offered to host the delayed Games in their state, while
John Coates
, the IOC vice president in charge of the Tokyo Olympics, said the Games would open even if the city and other parts of Japan were under a state of emergency because of COVID-19.
[
26
]
[
27
]
Estimates by the
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
and
Kyoto University
predicted that states of emergency might be required during the Games.
[
28
]
The reports published at the Ministry of Health experts' panel also showed new patients increasing to 10,000 if the Games were to allow spectators.
[
29
]
Qualifying event cancellation and postponement
[
edit
]
Concerns about the pandemic began to affect qualifying events in early 2020. Some that were due to take place in February were moved to alternative locations to address concerns about traveling to the affected areas, particularly China. For example, the
women's basketball qualification
was played in
Belgrade
, Serbia, instead of
Foshan
, China.
[
30
]
The
Asia & Oceania boxing qualification tournament
, which was originally planned to be held from February 3–14 in
Wuhan
, China (the location of the original outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic), instead took place in
Amman
, Jordan, at the beginning of March.
[
31
]
The third round of the
women's football qualification tournament
was also affected, as the group matches formerly scheduled to be held in China were moved to Australia.
[
32
]
The
European boxing qualification
began on March 14, 2020 in
London
, United Kingdom, but was suspended after two days of competition before being rescheduled for April 2021.
[
33
]
[
34
]
It eventually resumed in June 2021 but was moved to
Paris
, France,
[
35
]
because of renewed concerns over
travel to the UK
. Other qualifying events that were due to take place in March to June 2020 began to be postponed until later in the year and mid-2021 as part of a wider suspension of international sporting competitions in response to the pandemic. A multitude of Olympic sports were affected, including archery, baseball, cycling, handball, judo, rowing, sailing, volleyball, and water polo.
[
36
]
Effect on doping tests
[
edit
]
Mandatory doping tests were significantly restricted by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. European anti-doping organizations raised concerns that blood and urine tests could not be performed and that mobilizing the necessary staff before the pandemic's end would pose health risks. Despite the need for extensive testing ahead of the Games, the
World Anti-Doping Agency
(WADA) stated that public health and safety remained its top priority.
[
37
]
The
China Anti-Doping Agency
(CHINADA) temporarily suspended testing on February 3, 2020, with plans to resume phased testing later that month.
[
38
]
By the end of March, anti-doping organizations in the US, France, Great Britain, and Germany had also reduced their testing activities.
[
37
]
It was subsequently revealed that 23 Chinese swimmers had tested positive for the drug
trimetazidine
, but were permitted to compete, after CHINADA claimed they had ingested tiny amounts unawares from a kitchen. Some, including
Zhang Yufei
,
Wang Shun
, and
Qin Haiyang
, went on to win medals. The affair resulted in deep upset amongst the international athletic community.
[
39
]
Postponement to 2021
[
edit
]
The
Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
(TOCOG) released a statement on March 2, 2020, confirming that preparations for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics were "continuing as planned".
[
40
]
On March 23, both Canada and Australia indicated that they would withdraw from the Games if they were not postponed by a year.
[
41
]
On the same day, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe stated he would support a proposed postponement, citing that ensuring athlete safety was "paramount", and veteran IOC member and former vice president
Dick Pound
said he expected the Games to be postponed.
[
42
]
[
43
]
On March 24, 2020, 122 days to go for the planned start, the IOC, TOCOG, and prime minister Abe released a joint statement announcing that the 2020 Summer Olympics and
Paralympics
would be rescheduled to a date "beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021". They stated that the Games could "stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these troubled times", and that the
Olympic flame
could become "the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds itself at present".
[
44
]
Prime Minister Abe stated that IOC president
Thomas Bach
responded "with 100% agreement" to his proposal to delay the Games. For continuity and marketing purposes, it was agreed that the Games would still be branded as Tokyo 2020 despite the change in schedule.
[
6
]
On March 30, 2020, the IOC and TOCOG announced that they had reached an agreement on the new dates for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which would begin with the opening ceremony on July 23, 2021 and end with the closing ceremony on August 8, 2021, still to be held in Tokyo.
[
45
]
[
46
]
The subsequent
Winter Olympics in Beijing
were scheduled to begin on February 4, 2022, less than six months later. Shortly before the postponement was confirmed, the IOC and Tokyo 2020 organizers formed a task force named "Here We Go" with the remit to address any issues arising from postponing the Games, such as sponsorship and accommodation. The organizers confirmed that all athletes who had already qualified for Tokyo 2020 prior to March 24, 2020 would keep their qualification slots.
[
47
]
Calls for cancellation
[
edit
]
Health experts expressed concern in April 2020 that the Games might have to be cancelled if the pandemic should persist.
[
48
]
In an interview, the then president of TOCOG and former Japanese prime minister,
Yoshirō Mori
, asserted that the Games would be "scrapped" if they could not go ahead in 2021.
[
49
]
On April 29, 2020, Prime Minister Abe stated that the Games "must be held in a way that shows the world has won its battle against the coronavirus pandemic".
[
50
]
Thomas Bach acknowledged in an interview on May 20, 2020, that the job of reorganizing the Tokyo Games was "a mammoth task" and also admitted that the event would have to be cancelled altogether if it could not take place in the summer of 2021.
[
51
]
However, both Mori and Bach expressed optimism about the Games going ahead.
[
49
]
[
51
]
A member of the Japanese COVID-19 Advisory Committee on the basic action policy co-authored a
British Medical Journal
editorial, which stated, "holding Tokyo 2020 for domestic political and economic purposes—ignoring scientific and moral imperatives—is contradictory to Japan's commitment to global health and human security".
[
52
]
On January 21, 2021, multiple sources reported that the Japanese government had "privately concluded" that the Games would have to be cancelled.
[
53
]
The government dismissed the claims, stating the reports were "categorically untrue".
[
54
]
The new Japanese prime minister
Yoshihide Suga
confirmed on February 19 that the
G7
had given unanimous support for the postponed Games to go ahead as scheduled.
[
55
]
It was reported in April 2021, just three months before the start of the Games, that there was still the option to cancel the Tokyo Olympics with the country having vaccinated less than 1% of its population, with tens of thousands of volunteers expected to take part and athletes not being required to quarantine after arriving in Japan.
[
56
]
[
57
]
Public support for the Games in Japan decreased significantly amid a 2021 surge in
COVID-19 cases in the country
.
[
58
]
Multiple organizations of medical professionals voiced oppositions to the Games,
[
52
]
[
59
]
[
60
]
while an opinion poll in April 2021 saw 40% of participants support the cancellation of the Games and 33% support a second postponement.
[
61
]
In May 2021, 83% of those polled supported the cancellation or postponement of the Games.
[
62
]
The Tokyo Medical Practitioners Association called for cancellation, stating that hospitals in Tokyo "have their hands full and have almost no spare capacity" in an open letter to the prime minister.
[
63
]
At least nine out of 47 elected governors supported cancellation of the Games.
[
64
]
Nearly 37% of Japanese companies surveyed supported cancellation of the Games, and 32% supported postponement.
[
65
]
Kenji Utsunomiya
, who had previously run for Governor of Tokyo, collected more than 351,000 signatures on a petition calling for the organizers to "prioritize life" over the Olympics.
[
66
]
Japanese writers
Jiro Akagawa
[
67
]
[
68
]
and
Fuminori Nakamura
also called for the Games to be postponed or cancelled.
[
69
]
On May 26, 2021, the
Asahi Shimbun
newspaper, which was a local sponsor of the Games, published an editorial calling for Prime Minister Suga to "calmly and objectively assess the situation and decide on the cancellation of the event this summer."
[
70
]
On June 4, it was reported that Japanese sponsors proposed to the organizers for "the Games to be postponed for several months," citing a comment by a corporate sponsor senior executive: "It just makes much, much more sense from our perspective to hold the Games when there are more vaccinated people, the weather is cooler and maybe public opposition is lower."
[
71
]
In July 2021, it was announced that all events in Tokyo were to be held
behind closed doors
with no spectators due to a new state of emergency. A poll by the
Asahi Shimbun
found that 55% of those surveyed supported cancellation of the Olympics, and 68% felt that organizers would not be able to suitably control COVID-19 at the Games.
[
72
]
The decision was also detrimental to local sponsors, which had planned in-person presences to promote their products during the Games; an executive of official sponsor
Toyota
stated that the company had pulled a television advertising campaign it had planned for the Games in Japan, citing that the Olympics were "becoming an event that has not gained the public's understanding."
[
72
]
[
73
]
Had the Games been cancelled, it would have been the first time since
World War II
that an Olympic event had been called off and the first games to be scrapped due to circumstances unrelated to war.
[
i
]
A complete cancellation would have also cost Japan
¥4.52
trillion (
US$41.5
billion), based on operating expenses and
loss of tourism
activity to Japan, which had closed its international borders to foreign travelers since March 2020, did not reopen until October 2022, and was initially scheduled to end preventive border measures in May 2023 but had moved early at the end of April of that year, less than two years after the Games ended.
[
74
]
[
75
]
Costs and insurance
[
edit
]
According to an estimate conducted by professor emeritus Katsuhiro Miyamoto of
Kansai University
and reported by the
NHK
in March 2020, the cost of delaying the 2020 Olympics by one year would be 640.8 billion yen (
US$
5.8 billion), taking maintenance expenditures for the unused facilities into account.
[
74
]
The
Nomura Research Institute
estimated that cancelling the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2021 would cost around 1.81 trillion yen ($17 billion), less than the economic damages projected if another state of emergency is declared, noting that a decision to hold the games "should be made based on the impact on infection risks, not from the standpoint of economic loss".
[
76
]
The Tokyo Games were protected through the commercial insurance marketplace
Lloyd's of London
, by global reinsurers
Munich Re
and
Swiss Re
. The IOC takes out around $800 million of insurance for each Summer Olympics, with the total amount of loss insured for the 2020 Games likely to be more than $2 billion.
[
needs update
]
The disruption caused by postponing the Games was covered by the insurance policy, with those likely to make claims for their financial losses including local organizers, sponsors, hospitality firms, and travel providers.
[
77
]
[
78
]
[
needs update
]
Holders of tickets purchased from overseas prior to postponement were entitled to refunds for both Olympic and Paralympic ticket purchases, except for the costs of cancelled hotel bookings. Although about 600,000 Olympic tickets and 300,000 Paralympic tickets were eligible to be refunded, organizers said they would not release the total costs of the refunds.
[
79
]
Reuters quoted industry sources who estimated that the Tokyo Olympics Committee had taken out US$500–$800 million in insurance, and that after accounting for costs such as rebooking sporting venues and the Olympic Village, little of that payout would be available to recoup the proceeds of lost and refunded ticket sales.
[
80
]
The local organizers are responsible for ticket sales and use them to defray the costs of holding the games; ticket sales were expected to bring in approximately US$800 million, but actual sales were close to zero.
[
81
]
In June 2022, the Tokyo Organizing Committee revealed in the final budget report for the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics that the cost for the Olympic Games was 640.4 billion yen (US$5.8 billion
[
j
]
), which was higher than the cost for the
Rio 2016
.
[
83
]
[
2
]
The total, final cost of the delayed Games was 1.4 trillion yen (US$13 billion).
[
84
]
Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games
[
edit
]
Prior to the Tokyo Olympics being held, many Japanese people were negative about hosting the event, but their attitudes had become more positive toward the end of the Games. According to a public opinion poll conducted jointly by the
Nippon News Network
and the
Yomiuri Shimbun
newspaper, which targeted Japanese citizens at the end of the Olympics, 38% of respondents said it was possible to hold the Olympics in a safe manner against COVID-19, while 55% said it was not possible. However, 64% answered it was good that the Tokyo Games had gone ahead, while 28% answered that they wished the event had not been held. Of the respondents, 61% were glad the event had been held without spectators, and only 12% said that spectators should have been allowed.
[
85
]
On July 29, less than a week into the Games, journalist Masaki Kubota reported his analysis of the Japanese people's perspective on the Olympics, which he believed was greatly influenced by the change in the way the Japanese news media reported on the Games. He pointed out that many Japanese news media had insisted on canceling the Olympics, citing fears that COVID-19 would spread, but once Japanese athletes started winning medals, the media changed their reporting policy and began livening up the Olympics, which had the effect of altering public opinion in Japan.
[
86
]
Once the Tokyo Olympics were underway, followed by the
Tokyo Paralympics
, there was a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases in Japan, especially those caused by the
Delta variant
. On July 26, there were 60,157 cases detected in Japan, breaking the record of 44,961 cases recorded on May 10. On August 9, one day after the Olympics had ended, daily cases in Japan reached 100,000 for the first time, and new cases continued to increase until the peak on August 23, when 156,931 cases were recorded.
[
87
]
Development and preparations
[
edit
]
The
Olympic rings
on display at
Tokyo Bay
to promote the Games
The
Tokyo Organizing Committee
was originally headed by former Japanese prime minister Yoshirō Mori,
[
88
]
but he resigned in February 2021 due to backlash from sexist comments about women in meetings.
[
89
]
[
90
]
[
91
]
Seiko Hashimoto
was chosen to succeed him.
Tamayo Marukawa
, Minister for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, was responsible for overseeing the preparations on behalf of the Japanese government.
[
91
]
The
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
set aside a fund of ¥400 billion (more than US$3.67 billion) to cover the cost of hosting the Games. The
Japanese government
was considering easing airspace restrictions to allow an increased
slot
capacity at both
Haneda
and
Narita
airports. A new railway line was planned to link both airports through an expansion of
Tokyo Station
, cutting travel time from Tokyo Station to Haneda from 30 to 18 minutes, and from Tokyo Station to Narita from 55 to 36 minutes; funded primarily by private investors, the line would cost ¥400 billion. The
East Japan Railway Company
(JR East) was also planning a new route near
Tamachi
to Haneda Airport.
[
92
]
There were plans to fund the accelerated completion of the
Central Circular Route
,
Tokyo Gaikan Expressway
, and
Ken-Ō Expressway
, and the refurbishment of other major expressways in the area.
[
93
]
The
Yurikamome
automated transit line was also to be extended from its existing terminal at
Toyosu Station
to a new terminal at
Kachidoki Station
, passing the site of the Olympic Village, although the line was not expected to have adequate capacity to serve major events in the
Odaiba
area on its own.
[
94
]
In April 2018, the Tokyo Organizing Committee signed a partnership with the
International Labour Organization
to ensure
decent work
in the preparation of and during the 2020 Olympic Games.
[
95
]
In June 2020, the chief executive of the Organizing Committee,
Toshirō Mutō
, stated that the committee was exploring options for streamlining the Games to achieve cost savings.
[
96
]
On September 25, the IOC and Tokyo Organizing Committee agreed to a suite of measures to simplify the Games' logistics, including a cut to non-athlete staff, use of online meetings, and streamlined transport, among others. The committee also outlined areas it would be exploring to maintain the health and safety of all participants.
[
97
]
Venues and infrastructure
[
edit
]
The newly built
Japan National Stadium
in Tokyo was the venue for the ceremonies and the athletics events.
In February 2012, it was announced that Tokyo's former
National Stadium
, the central venue for the
1964 Summer Olympics
, would undergo a ¥100 billion renovation for the
2019 Rugby World Cup
and the 2020 Summer Olympics.
[
98
]
In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced it was taking bids for proposed stadium designs. Of the 46 finalists,
Zaha Hadid Architects
was awarded the project, which would replace the old stadium with
a new 80,000-seat stadium
. There was criticism of Hadid's design—which was compared to a
bicycle helmet
and regarded as clashing with the surrounding
Meiji Shrine
—and widespread disapproval of the costs, even with attempts to revise and "optimize" the design.
[
99
]
In June 2015, the government announced plans to reduce the new stadium's permanent capacity to 65,000 in its athletics configuration (although with the option to add up to 15,000 temporary seats for football) as a further cost-saving measure.
[
100
]
[
101
]
The original plan to build a retractable roof was also abandoned.
[
102
]
At the end of 2015, in response to public opposition to the increasing costs of the new stadium (which had reached ¥252 billion), the government chose to reject Hadid's design entirely and selected a new design by Japanese architect
Kengo Kuma
. Inspired by traditional temples and with a lower profile, Kuma's design had a budget of ¥149 billion. The changes meant the new stadium could not be completed in time for the
2019 Rugby World Cup
as originally intended.
[
103
]
The National Stadium, which was inaugurated on December 21, 2019, was named the Olympic Stadium for the duration of the Tokyo Games.
[
104
]
In October 2018, the
Board of Audit
issued a report stating that the total cost of the Olympic venues could exceed US$25 billion.
[
105
]
Of the 33 competition venues in Tokyo, 28 were within 8 kilometers (5 miles) of the Olympic Village, with eleven new venues to be constructed.
[
106
]
On October 16, 2019, the IOC announced plans to re-locate the marathon and racewalking events to
Sapporo
for heat concerns.
[
107
]
The plans were made official on November 1, 2019, after Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike accepted the IOC's decision, despite her belief that the events should have remained in Tokyo.
[
108
]
In general, as urban studies scholar Faure notes, "The Tokyo 2020–2021 Games had a relatively moderate impact on the city, compared to previous cases such as Rio and Sochi, or cases in which a major Olympic park was built in Barcelona in 1992, and in Beijing in 2008. The transport infrastructure has been marginally improved by facilitating access for people with mobility constraints and improving signage in other languages. Haneda Airport has been expanded, and a hydrogen-powered bus rapid transit system has been introduced. Several sports and event facilities were built, including the new Olympic Stadium. Finally, the Olympic Village has been built on the Harumi landfill."
[
109
]
Police patrolling and watching from a rooftop near the tennis venue
In December 2018, the Japanese government chose to ban drones from flying over venues being used for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. A similar ban was also imposed for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which Japan also hosted.
[
110
]
In January 2020, counterterrorism drills began in different parts where the Games would take place, after intelligence data showed that terrorist groups could have carried out an attack to seek worldwide attention.
[
111
]
In July 2021, prior to the start of the Games, the
Japan Coast Guard
conducted
counterterrorism
drills in the
Tokyo Bay
. The drill consisted of two
inflatable boats
trying to stop a suspicious ship from getting to shore.
[
112
]
Applications for volunteering at the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were accepted beginning on September 26, 2018. By January 18, 2019, a total of 204,680 applications had been received by the Tokyo Organizing Committee.
[
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]
Interviews to select the requisite number of volunteers began in February 2019, with training scheduled to take place in October 2019.
[
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]
Volunteers at the venues were to be known as "Field Cast", and volunteers in the city were to be known as "City Cast". These names were chosen from a
shortlist
of four from an original 150 pairs of names; the other three shortlisted names were "Shining Blue" and "Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor" and "City Anchor", and "Games Force" and "City Force". The names were chosen by people who had applied to be volunteers at the Games.
[
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]
As of early June 2021, approximately 10,000 out of the 80,000 registered volunteers resigned from the Games. Media attributed the rise in pandemic cases as the reason for massive quitting.
[
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]
More volunteer assignments were expected to be cancelled due to the spectator ban.
[
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]
Due to COVID-19 protocols, the medals were presented to the athletes on a tray and each athlete was asked to put on their own medal, rather than have it placed around their neck by a dignitary.
[
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]
In February 2017, the Tokyo Organizing Committee announced an
electronics recycling
program in partnership with Japan Environmental Sanitation Center and
NTT Docomo
, soliciting donations of electronics, such as mobile phones, to be reclaimed as materials for the medals. Aiming to collect eight tonnes of metals to produce the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, collection boxes were deployed at public locations and NTT Docomo retail shops in April 2017.
[
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]
[
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]
A design competition for the medals was launched in December of that year.
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]
In May 2018, the organizing committee reported that they had obtained half the required 2,700 kilograms of bronze but were struggling to obtain the required amount of silver; although bronze and silver medals purely utilize their respective materials, IOC requirements mandate that gold medals utilize silver as a base.
[
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]
The collection of bronze was completed in November 2018, with the remainder estimated to have been completed by March 2019.
[
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]
On July 24, 2019 (one year ahead of the originally scheduled opening ceremony), the designs of the medals were unveiled.
[
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]
[
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]
The medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games were designed by Junichi Kawanishi following a nationwide competition.
[
126
]
A new feature shared with the
Paralympic medals
is that the ribbons contain one, two, or three
silicone convex lines
to distinguish gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively.
[
125
]
Medals used in the games
The slogan of the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay was "Hope Lights Our Way".
[
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]
[
128
]
As determined by a 2009 IOC ruling that banned international torch relays for any future Olympic Games,
[
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]
the 2020 Summer Olympics torch was scheduled to only visit two countries: Greece and host nation Japan. The first phase of the relay began on March 12, 2020, with the traditional flame lighting ceremony at the
Temple of Hera
in
Olympia, Greece
. The torch then travelled to
Athens
, where the Greek leg of the relay culminated in a handover ceremony at the
Panathenaic Stadium
on March 19, during which the torch was transferred to the Japanese contingent.
[
127
]
The flame was placed inside a special lantern and transported from
Athens International Airport
on a chartered flight to
Higashimatsushima
in Japan. The torch was then expected to begin the second phase of its journey on March 20, as it traveled for one week around the three most affected areas of the
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
—
Miyagi
,
Iwate
and
Fukushima
—where it would go on display under the heading "Flame of Recovery". After leaving
Naraha
on March 26, the torch would commence its main relay around Japan, incorporating all 47
prefectural
capitals.
[
128
]
After the decision to postpone the Games, the torch was placed again in a special lantern on display in the city of Fukushima for a month. Then, the lantern was transferred to the Tokyo prefecture, where it was kept safe until the restart of the relay in 2021.
[
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]
On July 23, 2020 (one year ahead of the rescheduled opening ceremony), a promotional video was released featuring Japanese swimmer
Rikako Ikee
carrying the lantern inside Japan National Stadium, drawing comparisons between emergence from the pandemic and her own return to sport after being diagnosed with
leukemia
.
[
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]
On August 20, 2020, it was announced that the torch relay would begin again in Naraha, Fukushima on March 25, 2021, nearly a year later than originally planned.
[
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]
[
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]
The final course of the relay was altered due to concerns regarding public health concerns about gatherings along the route (e.g., the Miyakojima leg was canceled), and the relay was held without spectators due to states of emergency in some regions (e.g., Matsuyama, Hiroshima, Hyōgo, and Okayama).
[
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]
The relay ended at Tokyo's
National Stadium (Olympic Stadium)
on July 23, with tennis player
Naomi Osaka
lighting the Olympic cauldron at the finale of the
opening ceremony
.
[
135
]
The cauldron lit in the Olympic Stadium was only used during the opening and closing ceremonies: a separate cauldron was lit on the Tokyo waterfront for public view at the
Yume No Ohashi Bridge
in
Odaiba
, making it only the second time in Olympic history where the cauldron was not displayed in the athletics stadium, the other time being in 2016.
[
136
]
Biosecurity protocols
[
edit
]
Temperature check and COVID-19 countermeasures at the tennis venue
In February 2021, the IOC began releasing "playbooks" containing details on planned COVID-19
biosecurity
protocols for athletes, officials, the press, and other staff, including standard protocols such as practicing
social distancing
, hygiene, wearing face masks (outside of training and competition for athletes), and being restricted from visiting bars, restaurants, shops, and other tourist areas around
Greater Tokyo Area
, or using public transport unless otherwise permitted. Participants would be asked to use Japan's COCOA
Exposure Notification
app and would be tested at least every four days. Athletes who tested positive would be unable to compete and could be quarantined at a government facility (although leeway would be given in the event of false positives). Close contacts would also need to test negative to be cleared for competition. Athletes would be discouraged from "excessive" celebrations because the actions could spread infected droplets.
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]
[
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]
[
139
]
The playbooks were criticized in a paper published by
The New England Journal of Medicine
in May 2021, for lacking "scientifically rigorous risk assessment" and failing to "distinguish the various levels of risk faced by athletes". The playbook stated that athletes were required to arrive up to five days prior to the start of the competition and to leave within 48 hours of being eliminated from their sport or the conclusion of the competitions.
[
140
]
[
141
]
The IOC recommended the
vaccination
of athletes against COVID-19 if
vaccines
were available to them, but this was not a prerequisite for participation and the IOC advised against athletes "jumping the queue" to obtain priority over essential populations.
[
142
]
On March 12, 2021, Thomas Bach announced that in nations where they were approved for use, the
Chinese Olympic Committee
had offered to cover the costs of the Chinese
CoronaVac
and the
Sinopharm BIBP vaccine
for athletes competing in the 2020 Summer Olympics and
2022 Winter Olympics
, and would purchase two doses for their nation's general public for each vaccinated athlete.
[
143
]
On May 6, 2021,
Pfizer
announced it would donate doses of
its vaccine
to NOCs competing in Tokyo.
[
144
]
Approximately 93,000 athletes and officials were exempt from the quarantine rules upon arriving in Japan, provided they remained in areas separated from the local population. With around 300,000 local staff and volunteers entering and exiting these bubbles, and 20,000 vaccine doses allocated for this group, this led to concerns of COVID-19 spreading both during the Games and when teams returned to their countries.
[
145
]
[
146
]
Due to international travel restrictions, the organizing committee announced in March 2021 that no international guests (including spectators, and friends and family members of the athletes) would be allowed to attend the Games. As per existing guidance for spectator sports in Japan, spectators would be asked to refrain from cheering or shouting.
[
139
]
On June 19, 2021, Governor Koike announced that plans for public viewing events for the Games had been scrapped, in order to use the planned venues (such as
Yoyogi Park
) as mass vaccination sites instead.
[
147
]
On June 21, it was announced that all venues would be capped at a maximum of 10,000 ticketed spectators or 50% capacity, whichever was lower.
[
148
]
On July 2, 2021, the new TOCOG president Seiko Hashimoto warned that there was still a possibility of the Games being held
behind closed doors
because of rising COVID-19 cases in the country.
[
149
]
[
150
]
Japan's slow vaccination rate was of particular concern.
[
151
]
[
152
]
A simulation run by the
University of Tokyo
in May 2021 projected that a new wave of infections could peak in mid-October if the Games went on after the existing state of emergency in Tokyo had expired.
[
153
]
[
154
]
On July 8, 2021, after Tokyo had recorded 920 new COVID-19 cases (its highest increase since May), Prime Minister Suga declared a new state of emergency in the Tokyo area from July 12 through August 22 (ending only two days before the Paralympics' opening ceremony), and announced that all events at venues in the area would therefore be held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted. Hashimoto stated that "it is extremely regrettable that the Games will be staged in a very limited manner in the face of the spread of novel coronavirus infections." IOC President Thomas Bach stated that "we will support any measure which is necessary to have a safe and secure Olympic and Paralympic Games for the Japanese people and all the participants."
[
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]
[
152
]
[
155
]
The announcement stated that spectators would still be allowed at events being held outside of Tokyo, subject to the approval by local health authorities and the aforementioned 50%/10,000-spectator limit. The
prefectures
of
Fukushima
,
Hokkaido
, and
Ibaraki
announced they would prohibit spectators at events held in the areas.
[
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]
The opening ceremony was expected to be limited to fewer than 1,000 VIP guests, including IOC representatives and dignitaries,
[
157
]
while some events did allow members of other competing delegations to occupy spectator seats as well.
[
158
]
School students were invited to watch football matches in Ibaraki.
[
159
]
[
160
]
On July 16, it was reported that Bach had asked Prime Minister Suga about the possibility of restrictions on spectators being eased later on if COVID-19 conditions were to improve in Tokyo.
[
157
]
However, on August 2, Suga announced that all existing state of emergency declarations would be extended through August 31, and be extended to Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and parts of Osaka.
[
161
]
The opening ceremony tickets were expected to range from ¥12,000 to ¥300,000, with a maximum price of ¥130,000 for the finals of the athletics
track and field
events.
[
162
]
The average ticket price was ¥7,700, with half the tickets being sold for up to ¥8,000. A symbolic ticket price of ¥2,020 was expected for families, groups resident in Japan, and in conjunction with a school program.
[
162
]
Tickets would be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan and by mail order to Japanese addresses through the internet.
[
163
]
International guests, had they been allowed, would have needed to visit Japan during the sales period, or arrange to buy tickets through a third party such as a
travel agent
.
[
164
]
Tickets went on general sale in Japan in the autumn of 2019 and were expected to be sold globally from June 2020; however, this plan was suspended when the Games were postponed on March 24, 2020. The Tokyo Organizing Committee confirmed that tickets already purchased would remain valid for the same sessions according to the new schedule and that refunds were also being offered.
[
165
]
On March 20, 2021, it was announced that due to COVID-19-related concerns, no international guests would be allowed to attend the 2020 Olympics or Paralympics. This included spectators, as well as the friends and family of athletes. All overseas ticketholders would be refunded.
[
139
]
Hashimoto cited uncertainties surrounding international
travel restrictions
, and goals to preserve the safety of all participants and spectators, and not place a burden on the
health care system
.
[
139
]
It was ultimately announced in July that all local spectators were not allowed to attend any events held in Tokyo, Fukushima, and Hokkaido.
[
151
]
[
152
]
[
155
]
A cultural program known as Nippon Festival was scheduled to coincide with the Olympics and Paralympics, running from April to September 2021 as a series of streaming events held by the Tokyo Organizing Committee and other partners. The events reflected the themes of "Participation and Interaction", "Towards the Realization of an Inclusive Society", and "Reconstruction of the Tohoku Region". The program was either downsized or reformatted to
virtual format
due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the Games.
[
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]
One of these events was a concert held on July 18, which featured J-rock band
Wanima
, choreography by dancers Aio Yamada and Tuki Takamura, and the presentation of animated "creatures" based on illustrations "embodying the thoughts and emotions of people from across the world".
[
167
]
The original plans for Nippon Festival included events such as
Kabuki
x
Opera
(a concert that would have featured stage actor
Ichikawa Ebizō XI
, opera singers Anna Pirozzi and
Erwin Schrott
, and the
Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra
), an arts and culture festival focusing on disabilities,
[
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]
[
169
]
[
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]
[
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]
and a special two-day exhibition
sumo
tournament at the
Ryōgoku Kokugikan
shortly after the Olympics—which would have differed significantly from the traditional bi-monthly
Honbasho
tournaments, and featured special commentary in English and Japanese to help explain to spectators the customs and traditions of professional sumo, which are deeply rooted in the
Shinto
religion.
[
172
]
[
173
]
A scene from the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Stadium, with
drones
flying around and creating the official logo of the Games
The opening ceremony was held on July 23, 2021, in the
Olympic Stadium
in Tokyo. It included the traditional
Parade of Nations
. Emperor
Naruhito
formally opened the Games, and at the end of the
torch relay
, the Olympic cauldron was lit by Japanese tennis player
Naomi Osaka
.
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174
]
For the first time in the history of Olympic Games, it was decided that one male and one female from each country would take turns holding flags and serve as two of them.
[
175
]
This was done by embodying the "Agenda 2020" set during President Bach's term.
[
176
]
[
177
]
A moment of silence was observed in the opening ceremony for the victims of
COVID-19 pandemic
, the
2011 earthquake and tsunami
, and the
Munich massacre
.
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178
]
Nippon Budokan
Ariake Arena
Ariake Gymnastics Centre
Tokyo Aquatics Centre
Yoyogi Gymnasium
Saitama Super Arena
Ryogoku Kokugikan
Enoshima
Yacht Harbor, Kanagawa
Tsurigasaki Beach, Chiba
The event program for the Games was approved by the IOC executive board on June 9, 2017. IOC president Thomas Bach stated that their goal was to give the Games "youthful" and "urban" appeal, and to increase the number of female participants.
[
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]
[
180
]
The Games featured 339 medal events in 33 different sports, encompassing a total of 51 disciplines.
Karate
,
sport climbing
,
surfing
, and
skateboarding
made their Olympic debut, while baseball and softball also made a one-off return to the Summer Olympics for the first time since 2008. 15 new events within existing sports were also added, including
3×3 basketball
,
freestyle BMX
, and the return of
madison cycling
, as well as nine new mixed events in several sports (table tennis, archery, judo, shooting (3), triathlon,
4 × 400 m
relay running, and
4 × 100 m
medley swimming).
[
181
]
In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.
[
181
]
2020 Summer Olympic Sports program
Aquatics
Artistic swimming
(2)
Diving
(8)
Marathon swimming
(2)
Swimming
(35)
Water polo
(2)
Archery
(5)
Athletics
(48)
Badminton
(5)
Baseball
Baseball
(1)
Softball
(1)
Basketball
Basketball
(2)
3×3 basketball
(2)
Boxing
(13)
Canoeing
Slalom
(4)
Sprint
(12)
Cycling
BMX freestyle
(2)
BMX racing
(2)
Mountain biking
(2)
Road cycling
(4)
Track cycling
(12)
Equestrian
Dressage
(2)
Eventing
(2)
Jumping
(2)
Fencing
(12)
Field hockey
(2)
Football
(2)
Golf
(2)
Gymnastics
Artistic
(14)
Rhythmic
(2)
Trampoline
(2)
Handball
(2)
Judo
(15)
Karate
Kata
(2)
Kumite
(6)
Modern pentathlon
(2)
Rowing
(14)
Rugby sevens
(2)
Sailing
(10)
Shooting
(15)
Skateboarding
(4)
Sport climbing
(2)
Surfing
(2)
Table tennis
(5)
Taekwondo
(8)
Tennis
(5)
Triathlon
(3)
Volleyball
Volleyball
(2)
Beach volleyball
(2)
Weightlifting
(14)
Wrestling
Freestyle
(12)
Greco-Roman
(6)
New and Optional sports
[
edit
]
On February 12, 2013, with a remit to control the cost of the Games and ensure they were "relevant to sports fans of all generations", the IOC Executive Board recommended the removal of one of the 26 sports contested at the
2012 Summer Olympics
, leaving a vacancy the IOC would seek to fill at the
125th IOC Session
. The new entrant would join golf and rugby sevens (which would both debut in
2016
) as part of the program of 28 "core" sports. Five sports were shortlisted for removal, including canoe, field hockey, modern pentathlon, taekwondo, and wrestling. In the final round of voting by the executive board, eight members voted to remove wrestling from the Olympic program. Field hockey and taekwondo tied in second with three votes each.
[
182
]
[
183
]
[
184
]
The 2013 decision to drop wrestling after Rio 2016 surprised many media outlets, given that the sport's role in the Olympics dates back to the
ancient Olympic Games
, and was included in the original program for the modern Games.
The New York Times
felt that the decision was based on the shortage of well-known talent and the absence of women's events in the sport.
[
185
]
[
186
]
[
187
]
Out of the shortlist from the IOC vote, wrestling was duly added to the shortlist of applicants for inclusion in the 2020 Games, alongside the seven new sports put forward for consideration.
[
185
]
On May 29, 2013, it was announced that three of the eight sports under consideration had made the final shortlist:
baseball
/
softball
,
squash
, and wrestling.
[
188
]
The other five sports were rejected at this point:
karate
,
roller sports
,
sport climbing
,
wakeboarding
, and
wushu
.
[
189
]
At the
125th IOC Session
on September 8, 2013, wrestling was chosen to be included in the Olympic program for 2020 and
2024
. Wrestling secured 49 votes, while baseball/softball and squash received 24 votes and 22 votes, respectively.
[
190
]
With the adoption of the
Olympic Agenda 2020
in December 2014, the IOC shifted from a "sport-based" approach to the Olympic program to an "event-based" program—establishing that organizing committees may propose discretionary events to be included in the program to improve local interest.
[
191
]
[
192
]
As a result of these changes, a shortlist of eight new proposed sports was unveiled on June 22, 2015, consisting of baseball/softball,
bowling
, karate, roller sports, sport climbing, squash,
surfing
, and wushu.
[
193
]
On September 28, 2015, the Tokyo Organizing Committee submitted their shortlist of five proposed sports to the IOC: baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, and
skateboarding
.
[
194
]
These five new sports were approved on August 3, 2016, by the IOC during the 129th IOC Session in
Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil, and were included in the sports program for 2020 only, bringing the total number of sports at the 2020 Olympics to 33.
[
195
]
[
196
]
A total of 56 test events were scheduled to take place in the run-up to the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. Two of the events were held in late 2018, but the main test event schedule commenced in June 2019 and was originally due to be completed in May 2020 prior to the start of the Olympics. Several of the events were incorporated into pre-existing championships, but some had been newly created specifically to serve as Olympic test events for the 2020 Summer Games.
[
197
]
[
198
]
In February 2019, it was announced that the test events would be branded under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". The Tokyo Organizing Committee was responsible for 22 of the test events, with the remaining events being arranged by national and international sports federations. The first test event was World Sailing's
World Cup Series
, held at
Enoshima
in September 2018. The last scheduled event was the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet, which was originally due to take place at the
Olympic Stadium
on May 6, 2020.
[
199
]
All test events originally scheduled to take place from March 12, 2020 onwards were postponed due to COVID-19, with the test event calendar to be reviewed during the preparations for the rescheduled Games.
[
k
]
[
200
]
Participating National Olympic Committees
[
edit
]
The Republic of Macedonia has competed under the provisional name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" in every Summer and Winter Games since its debut in
1996
because of the
disputed status of its official name
. The naming disputes with Greece ended in 2018 with the signing of the
Prespa agreement
, and the country was officially renamed
North Macedonia
in February 2019. The new name was immediately recognized by the IOC, although the Olympic Committee of North Macedonia (NMOC) was not officially adopted until February 2020. The NMOC sent a delegation to the
2020 Winter Youth Olympics
in January 2020, but the Tokyo Games were North Macedonia's first appearance at the Summer Olympics under its new name.
[
201
]
Since competing as Swaziland ten times at the Summer and Winter Olympics,
Eswatini
made its debut under that name after the renaming of the country by the
king
in 2018.
[
202
]
On December 9, 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with laboratory data it had provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the
Russian Anti-Doping Agency
being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared
Russian athletes
to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they would be excluded from team sports. The head of WADA's Compliance Review Committee, Jonathan Taylor, stated that the IOC would not be able to use the "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) designation
as it did in 2018
, emphasizing that neutral athletes could not be portrayed as representing a specific country.
[
203
]
[
204
]
[
205
]
Russia later filed an appeal to the
Court of Arbitration for Sport
(CAS) against WADA's decision.
[
206
]
After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 that the penalty placed on Russia be reduced. Instead of a total ban from all sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but the team would not be permitted to use the Russian name, flag, or anthem for a period of two years and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for "Russia" to be displayed on the team uniform—although it should be no more visible than the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation—as well as the use of the Russian flag's colors within the uniform's design.
[
207
]
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the
Russian Olympic Committee
, although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. The ROC team would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.
[
208
]
On April 6, 2021,
North Korea
announced it would not participate in the 2020 Summer Olympics because of COVID-19 concerns.
[
209
]
This marked North Korea's first absence from the Summer Olympics since
1988
.
[
210
]
In September, a month after the games concluded, the
Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
was banned from participation in the 2022 Winter Olympics, after they failed to participate in the Tokyo Olympics. On July 21, 2021,
Guinea
announced it would not be sending a delegation to the Tokyo Olympics, allegedly due to COVID-19 concerns, though media outlets suggested financial considerations may have been the real motivating factor.
[
211
]
Guinea later reversed the decision and confirmed it would be participating.
[
212
]
Participating nations
Country by team size
The following 206 teams qualified (including the 104
universality places guaranteed in athletics
, under which all 206 NOCs may send competitors regardless of qualification).
[
213
]
Participating National Olympic Committees
Afghanistan
(5)
Albania
(9)
Algeria
(38)
American Samoa
(6)
Andorra
(2)
Angola
(20)
Antigua and Barbuda
(6)
Argentina
(185)
Armenia
(17)
Aruba
(3)
Australia
(479)
Austria
(73)
Azerbaijan
(44)
Bahamas
(15)
Bahrain
(32)
Bangladesh
(6)
Barbados
(8)
Belarus
(103)
Belgium
(123)
Belize
(3)
Benin
(7)
Bermuda
(2)
Bhutan
(4)
Bolivia
(5)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(7)
Botswana
(13)
Brazil
(310)
British Virgin Islands
(3)
Brunei
(2)
Bulgaria
(42)
Burkina Faso
(7)
Burundi
(6)
Cambodia
(3)
Cameroon
(12)
Canada
(378)
Cape Verde
(6)
Cayman Islands
(5)
Central African Republic
(2)
Chad
(3)
Chile
(51)
China
(410)
Colombia
(70)
Comoros
(3)
Cook Islands
(6)
Costa Rica
(13)
Croatia
(60)
Cuba
(70)
Cyprus
(15)
Czech Republic
(109)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
(6)
Denmark
(104)
Djibouti
(4)
Dominica
(2)
Dominican Republic
(65)
Timor-Leste
(3)
Ecuador
(46)
Egypt
(137)
El Salvador
(5)
Equatorial Guinea
(3)
Eritrea
(13)
Estonia
(33)
Eswatini
(4)
Ethiopia
(36)
Federated States of Micronesia
(3)
Fiji
(32)
Finland
(45)
France
(380)
Gabon
(5)
The Gambia
(4)
Georgia
(33)
Germany
(392)
Ghana
(12)
Great Britain
(375)
Greece
(83)
Grenada
(6)
Guam
(5)
Guatemala
(24)
Guinea
(4)
Guinea-Bissau
(4)
Guyana
(7)
Haiti
(6)
Honduras
(23)
Hong Kong
(43)
Hungary
(172)
Iceland
(4)
India
(120)
Indonesia
(28)
Iran
(65)
Iraq
(3)
Ireland
(120)
Israel
(89)
Italy
(384)
Ivory Coast
(26)
Jamaica
(54)
Japan
(556)
(host)
Jordan
(14)
Kazakhstan
(97)
[
214
]
Kenya
(85)
Kiribati
(3)
Kosovo
(11)
Kuwait
(10)
Kyrgyzstan
(16)
Laos
(4)
Latvia
(32)
Lebanon
(6)
Lesotho
(2)
Liberia
(3)
Libya
(4)
Liechtenstein
(5)
Lithuania
(42)
Luxembourg
(12)
Madagascar
(6)
Malawi
(5)
Malaysia
(30)
Maldives
(4)
Mali
(4)
Malta
(6)
Marshall Islands
(2)
Mauritania
(2)
Mauritius
(8)
Mexico
(160)
Moldova
(20)
Monaco
(6)
Mongolia
(43)
Montenegro
(34)
Morocco
(44)
Mozambique
(10)
Myanmar
(2)
Namibia
(11)
Nauru
(2)
Nepal
(5)
Netherlands
(267)
New Zealand
(215)
Nicaragua
(8)
Niger
(7)
Nigeria
(53)
North Macedonia
(8)
Norway
(93)
Oman
(5)
Pakistan
(10)
Palau
(3)
Palestine
(5)
Panama
(10)
Papua New Guinea
(8)
Paraguay
(8)
Peru
(35)
Philippines
(19)
Poland
(206)
Portugal
(92)
Puerto Rico
(37)
Qatar
(15)
Refugee Olympic Team
(29)
Republic of the Congo
(3)
ROC
(334)
[
l
]
Romania
(102)
Rwanda
(5)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
(2)
Saint Lucia
(5)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
(3)
Samoa
(8)
San Marino
(5)
São Tomé and Príncipe
(3)
Saudi Arabia
(31)
Senegal
(9)
Serbia
(87)
Seychelles
(5)
Sierra Leone
(3)
Singapore
(23)
Slovakia
(41)
Slovenia
(53)
Solomon Islands
(3)
Somalia
(2)
South Africa
(177)
South Korea
(235)
South Sudan
(2)
Spain
(328)
Sri Lanka
(9)
Sudan
(4)
Suriname
(2)
Sweden
(133)
Switzerland
(113)
Syria
(6)
Chinese Taipei
(68)
Tajikistan
(10)
Tanzania
(3)
Thailand
(41)
Togo
(4)
Tonga
(6)
Trinidad and Tobago
(25)
Tunisia
(63)
Turkey
(105)
Turkmenistan
(9)
Tuvalu
(2)
Uganda
(25)
Ukraine
(149)
United Arab Emirates
(5)
United States
(615)
Uruguay
(11)
Uzbekistan
(67)
Vanuatu
(3)
Venezuela
(44)
Vietnam
(18)
Virgin Islands
(4)
Yemen
(5)
Zambia
(27)
Zimbabwe
(5)
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
[
edit
]
There were 11,420
athletes
from 206
NOCs
:
[
2
]
[
215
]
Ranking
NOC
Athletes
1
United States
615
2
Japan
(Host)
556
3
Australia
478
4
Germany
425
5
China
406
6
France
398
7
Italy
384
8
Canada
381
9
Great Britain
376
10
ROC
335
11
Spain
321
12
Brazil
302
13
Netherlands
278
14
South Korea
237
15
New Zealand
211
16
Poland
210
17
Argentina
189
18
South Africa
177
19
Hungary
166
20
Mexico
162
21
Ukraine
155
22
Sweden
134
23
Egypt
133
24
India
122
25
Belgium
121
26
Ireland
116
27
Czech Republic
115
28
Turkey
108
29
Switzerland
107
30
Denmark
107
31
Belarus
103
32
Romania
101
33
Kazakhstan
93
34
Portugal
92
35
Israel
90
36
Serbia
86
37
Kenya
85
38
Greece
83
39
Norway
75
40
Colombia
70
41
Cuba
70
42
Chinese Taipei
68
43
Iran
66
44
Uzbekistan
65
45
Dominican Republic
62
46
Tunisia
62
47
Austria
60
48
Nigeria
60
49
Croatia
59
50
Chile
58
51
Slovenia
53
52
Jamaica
50
53
Morocco
50
54
Ecuador
48
55
Hong Kong
46
56
Finland
45
57
Algeria
44
58
Venezuela
44
59
Azerbaijan
44
60
Mongolia
43
61
Thailand
42
62
Bulgaria
42
63
Lithuania
42
64
Slovakia
41
65
Ethiopia
38
66
Puerto Rico
37
67
Georgia
35
68
Peru
35
69
Montenegro
34
70
Latvia
33
71
Estonia
33
72
Bahrain
32
73
Fiji
30
74
Malaysia
30
75
Refugee Olympic Team
29
76
Saudi Arabia
29
77
Indonesia
28
78
Ivory Coast
28
79
Zambia
26
80
Uganda
25
81
Guatemala
24
82
Singapore
23
83
Honduras
22
84
Trinidad and Tobago
22
85
Angola
20
86
Moldova
20
87
Philippines
19
88
Vietnam
18
89
Armenia
17
90
Bahamas
16
91
Kyrgyzstan
16
92
Qatar
16
93
Cyprus
15
94
Costa Rica
14
95
Ghana
14
96
Jordan
14
97
Botswana
13
98
Eritrea
13
99
Cameroon
12
100
Luxembourg
12
101
Kosovo
11
102
Kuwait
11
103
Namibia
11
104
Tajikistan
11
105
Uruguay
11
106
Mozambique
10
107
Pakistan
10
108
Panama
10
109
Albania
9
110
Senegal
9
111
Sri Lanka
9
112
Turkmenistan
9
113
Barbados
8
114
Mauritius
8
115
Nicaragua
8
116
North Macedonia
8
117
Papua New Guinea
8
118
Paraguay
8
119
Samoa
8
120
Benin
7
121
Bosnia and Herzegovina
7
122
Burkina Faso
7
123
Democratic Republic of the Congo
7
124
Guyana
7
125
Niger
7
126
American Samoa
6
127
Antigua and Barbuda
6
128
Bangladesh
6
129
Burundi
6
130
Cape Verde
6
131
Cook Islands
6
132
Grenada
6
133
Haiti
6
134
Lebanon
6
135
Madagascar
6
136
Malta
6
137
Monaco
6
138
Rwanda
6
139
Syria
6
140
Tonga
6
141
Afghanistan
5
142
Bolivia
5
143
Cayman Islands
5
144
El Salvador
5
145
Gabon
5
146
Guam
5
147
Guinea
5
148
Liechtenstein
5
149
Malawi
5
150
Nepal
5
151
Oman
5
152
Palestine
5
153
Saint Lucia
5
154
San Marino
5
155
Seychelles
5
156
Sudan
5
157
United Arab Emirates
5
158
Yemen
5
159
Zimbabwe
5
160
Bhutan
4
161
Djibouti
4
162
Eswatini
4
163
The Gambia
4
164
Guinea-Bissau
4
165
Iceland
4
166
Iraq
4
167
Laos
4
168
Libya
4
169
Maldives
4
170
Mali
4
171
Sierra Leone
4
172
Togo
4
173
Virgin Islands
4
174
Aruba
3
175
Belize
3
176
British Virgin Islands
3
177
Cambodia
3
178
Chad
3
179
Comoros
3
180
Timor-Leste
3
181
Equatorial Guinea
3
182
Federated States of Micronesia
3
183
Kiribati
3
184
Liberia
3
185
Myanmar
3
186
Palau
3
187
Republic of the Congo
3
188
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3
189
São Tomé and Príncipe
3
190
Solomon Islands
3
191
Suriname
3
192
Tanzania
3
193
Vanuatu
3
194
Andorra
2
195
Bermuda
2
196
Brunei
2
197
Central African Republic
2
198
Dominica
2
199
Lesotho
2
200
Marshall Islands
2
201
Mauritania
2
202
Nauru
2
203
Somalia
2
204
Saint Kitts and Nevis
2
205
South Sudan
2
206
Tuvalu
2
Total
11,483
The 2020 schedule by session was approved by the IOC Executive Board on 18 July 2018, with the exception of swimming, diving, and artistic swimming. A more detailed schedule by event was released on 16 April 2019, still omitting a detailed schedule for the boxing events.
[
216
]
[
217
]
A detailed boxing schedule was released in late 2019.
[
218
]
The original schedule was from 22 July to 9 August 2020. To postpone the Olympics until 2021, all events were delayed by 364 days (one day less than a full year to preserve the same days of the week), giving a new schedule of 21 July to 8 August 2021.
[
219
]
All times and dates use
Japan Standard Time
(
UTC+9
)
OC
Opening ceremony
●
Event competitions
1
Gold medal events
CC
Closing ceremony
July/August 2021
July
August
Events
21st
Wed
22nd
Thu
23rd
Fri
24th
Sat
25th
Sun
26th
Mon
27th
Tue
28th
Wed
29th
Thu
30th
Fri
31st
Sat
1st
Sun
2nd
Mon
3rd
Tue
4th
Wed
5th
Thu
6th
Fri
7th
Sat
8th
Sun
Ceremonies
OC
CC
N/a
Aquatics
Artistic swimming
●
●
1
●
1
49
Diving
1
1
1
1
●
●
1
●
1
●
1
●
1
Marathon swimming
1
1
Swimming
●
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
Water polo
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
Archery
●
1
1
1
●
●
●
1
1
5
Athletics
1
3
4
5
6
5
8
8
7
1
48
Badminton
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
1
2
5
Baseball/Softball
Baseball
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
Softball
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
Basketball
Basketball
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
4
3×3 Basketball
●
●
●
●
2
Boxing
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
2
1
1
1
4
4
13
Canoeing
Slalom
●
1
1
●
1
1
16
Sprint
●
4
●
4
●
4
Cycling
Road cycling
1
1
2
22
Track cycling
1
2
1
2
2
1
3
BMX
●
2
●
2
Mountain biking
1
1
Equestrian
●
●
1
1
●
●
●
2
●
1
●
1
6
Fencing
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
Field hockey
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2
Football
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2
Golf
●
●
●
1
●
●
●
1
2
Gymnastics
Artistic
●
●
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
18
Rhythmic
●
1
1
Trampolining
1
1
Handball
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2
Judo
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
15
Karate
3
3
2
8
Modern pentathlon
●
1
1
2
Rowing
●
●
●
6
4
4
14
Rugby sevens
●
●
1
●
●
1
2
Sailing
●
●
●
●
●
●
2
2
4
2
10
Shooting
2
2
2
2
●
2
1
2
●
2
15
Skateboarding
1
1
1
1
4
Sport climbing
●
●
1
1
2
Surfing
●
●
2
2
Table tennis
●
●
1
●
●
1
1
●
●
●
●
1
1
5
Taekwondo
2
2
2
2
8
Tennis
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
3
5
Triathlon
1
1
1
3
Volleyball
Beach volleyball
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
4
Volleyball
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
Weightlifting
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
14
Wrestling
●
3
3
3
3
3
3
18
Daily medal events
11
18
21
22
23
17
21
21
25
20
26
17
27
23
34
13
339
Cumulative total
11
29
50
72
95
112
133
154
179
199
225
242
269
292
326
339
July/August 2021
21st
Wed
22nd
Thu
23rd
Fri
24th
Sat
25th
Sun
26th
Mon
27th
Tue
28th
Wed
29th
Thu
30th
Fri
31st
Sat
1st
Sun
2nd
Mon
3rd
Tue
4th
Wed
5th
Thu
6th
Fri
7th
Sat
8th
Sun
Total events
July
August
*
Host nation (
Japan
)
There were two
podium sweeps
, as follows:
Date
Sport
Event
Team
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Ref
27 July
Cycling
Women's cross-country mountain biking
Switzerland
Jolanda Neff
Sina Frei
Linda Indergand
[
221
]
31 July
Athletics
Women's 100 metres
Jamaica
Elaine Thompson-Herah
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Shericka Jackson
[
222
]
Naoki Satō
composed the music for the medal ceremonies. Satō chose not to employ any musical elements distinctive to Japan "because victory ceremonies are for athletes from around the world" and he wanted all medalists to "feel at ease" when taking their places on the podium, regardless of their nationality.
[
223
]
The bouquets presented to the athletes came from regions affected by the
2011 earthquake and tsunami
. The individual flowers were selected to represent the prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima, Iwate, and Tokyo. The
sunflowers
were grown in Miyagi, planted by families whose children had died during the disaster; the white and purple
eustomas
and
Solomon's seals
were provided by a non-profit initiative to boost the local economy in Fukushima; the small bright blue
gentians
were grown in Iwate; and
aspidistras
, grown in Tokyo, were chosen to complete the bouquets.
[
224
]
Per the historical precedent of
swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics
in Beijing and
figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics
in Pyeongchang, swimming finals were held in the morning to allow live
primetime
broadcasts in the Americas.
NBC
paid substantial fees for rights to the Olympics, so the IOC has allowed NBC to influence event scheduling to maximize US television ratings when possible. On May 7, 2014, NBC agreed to a US$7.75 billion contract extension to air the Olympics through the 2032 games,
[
225
]
with the company being one of the IOC's major sources of revenue.
[
226
]
Japanese broadcasters were said to have criticized the decision, as swimming is one of the most popular Olympic events in the country.
[
227
]
[
228
]
Miraitowa
(left), the official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics, and
Someity
(right), the official mascot of the
2020 Summer Paralympics
The official emblems for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on April 25, 2016; designed by Asao Tokolo, who won a nationwide design contest, it takes the form of a ring in an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design was meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".
[
229
]
The checkered design resembles a pattern called
ichimatsu moyo
that was popular during the
Edo period
in Japan from 1603 to 1867.
[
230
]
The designs replaced a previous emblem that had been scrapped after allegations it
plagiarized the logo
of the
Théâtre de Liège
in Belgium. The Games' bid slogan was
Discover Tomorrow
(
Japanese
:
未来
（
あした
）
をつかもう
,
romanized
:
Ashita o tsukamō
). While
ashita
literally means "tomorrow", it is
intentionally spelled
as
mirai
, "future".
[
231
]
The official slogan
United by Emotion
was unveiled on February 17, 2020. The slogan was used solely in English.
[
232
]
The official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics was
Miraitowa
, a figure with blue-checkered
ichimatsu moyo
patterns inspired by the Games' official emblem. Its fictional characteristics include the ability to
teleport
.
[
233
]
Created by Japanese artist Ryo Taniguchi, the mascots were selected from a competition process which took place in late 2017 and early 2018. A total of 2,042 candidate designs were submitted to the Tokyo Organizing Committee, which selected three pairs of unnamed mascot designs to present to Japanese elementary school students for the final decision.
[
234
]
[
235
]
The results of the selection were announced on February 28, 2018, and the mascots were named on July 22, 2018. Miraitowa is named after the Japanese words for "future" and "eternity".
[
233
]
The mascots were expected to help finance the Tokyo Games through merchandizing and licensing deals.
[
236
]
Alongside the main
Emblem blue
, five other colors were used in the branding of the 2020 Games:
Kurenai
red
,
Ai blue
,
Sakura
pink
,
Fuji
purple
, and
Matsuba green
. These five
traditional colors of Japan
were used as sub-colors to create points of difference in the color variations.
[
237
]
Concerns and controversies
[
edit
]
Several controversial issues occurred during preparations for the Tokyo Games. There were allegations of bribery in the Japanese Olympic Committee's (JOC) bid and of plagiarism in the initial design for the Games' logo. On December 10, 2018, the French financial crimes office began an investigation of
Tsunekazu Takeda
, the president of the
Japanese Olympic Committee
, concerning a 2013 scheme to obtain votes from African IOC members in support of Tokyo as host for the 2020 Olympics over Istanbul or Madrid.
[
238
]
[
239
]
In March 2020, a Japanese businessman admitted to giving gifts, including cameras and watches, to IOC officials to lobby for their support of Tokyo's bid to host the Olympic Games.
[
240
]
The official emblems of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, designed by
Kenjirō Sano
[
ja
]
, were unveiled in July 2015 but were withdrawn and replaced following plagiarism accusations.
[
241
]
[
242
]
The lawsuit by Olivier Debie, who claimed his logo design was copied, was later dropped, with the designer citing escalating legal costs.
[
243
]
Mass logging for construction of the Olympic venues received international criticism. Petitions, containing more than 140,000 signatures in total, were delivered to the Japanese embassies in Switzerland and Germany, expressing concerns over claims of using tropical wood sourced from
Shin Yang
, a Malaysian company with a record of human rights abuses, illegal logging, and rainforest destruction.
[
244
]
[
245
]
In February 2018, the Olympics Organizing Committee admitted that 87% of
plywood
panels used to build the new national stadium was sourced from endangered rainforests.
[
246
]
Portions of the Games were scheduled for locations impacted by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
. The hosting of events in these locations was promoted as a means of furthering recovery in the regions, with the Games sometimes being promoted as the "Recovery Olympics".
[
247
]
[
248
]
However, the organization of events in these regions faced criticism; Fukushima is considered safe by the
World Health Organization
and the
United Nations
, although scientific studies on the safety of the area are still disputed.
[
249
]
Some Tōhoku residents questioned the decision to use the region as a host site, arguing that preparations for the Games slowed down recovery efforts, and that the region lost workers to projects associated with the Games.
[
250
]
It was widely reported by international media that
South Korea
had asked the IOC to ban the Japanese
Rising Sun Flag
from the 2020 Summer Olympics,
[
251
]
claiming it to be a symbol of
Japan's imperialist past
, recalling "historic scars and pain" for people of Korea just as the
swastika
"reminds Europeans of the nightmare of World War II".
[
252
]
[
253
]
Use of the flag in international sporting events such as the Olympic Games is controversial because it was used for waging
aggressive war
against many countries in Pacific regions, including the
attack on Pearl Harbor
.
[
254
]
According to the
Associated Press
, the IOC issued a statement in response to South Korea's request, saying, "sports stadiums should be free of any political demonstration. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis."
[
255
]
Russian and South Korean officials took issue with a map of the torch relay on the Games' official website, which depicted the disputed
Liancourt Rocks
(governed by South Korea) and
Kuril Islands
(governed by Russia since 1945) as part of Japan.
[
256
]
In February 2021, the TOCOG president Yoshirō Mori resigned, after facing both domestic and international criticisms over his
sexist
remarks.
[
257
]
[
258
]
The previous conduct of the new president, Seiko Hashimoto, had also drawn criticisms,
[
259
]
leading her to comment "I regret it and think I should be careful" on one of the accusations.
[
260
]
The head creative director for the opening and closing ceremonies,
Hiroshi Sasaki
[
ja
]
, resigned in March 2021, after making demeaning comments about
Naomi Watanabe
.
[
261
]
[
262
]
Sasaki's replacement,
Kentarō Kobayashi
, was dismissed by the Organizing Committee the day before the opening ceremony,
[
263
]
[
264
]
after it was reported by Japanese media that he had made a joke about
the Holocaust
in a script for his comedy in 1998, saying "Let's play Holocaust."
[
265
]
On the eve of the opening ceremony, Yoshihide Suga, the
Prime Minister of Japan
and the Supreme Advisor of the Organizing Committee,
[
266
]
described Kobayashi's jokes as "outrageous and unacceptable", but also said that the opening ceremony, which was directed by Kobayashi, should proceed as planned.
[
267
]
The composer for the opening ceremony,
Keigo Oyamada
, resigned days before the ceremony after growing criticism of his past bullying of people with apparent
disabilities
, such as
Down syndrome
.
[
268
]
[
269
]
On July 16, a week before the opening ceremony, TOCOG announced their support of Oyamada as a composer and vowed not to change his selection for the ceremonies,
[
270
]
[
271
]
but growing criticism forced him to announce his resignation on July 19.
[
272
]
[
273
]
The opening ceremony music included arrangements of video game soundtracks originating in Japan; however, this included music from the
Dragon Quest
series, composed by
Koichi Sugiyama
whom
The Daily Beast
described as "notoriously homophobic and ultranationalist", leading to further criticism of the Organizing Committee.
[
274
]
Officials reported that by early June 2021, about 10,000 of the 80,000 registered volunteers had quit.
[
275
]
"There's no doubt that one of the reasons is concern over coronavirus infections," the chief executive of the Organizing Committee said,
[
276
]
also stating he did not believe this would impact the operation of the Games.
[
275
]
On July 23, hundreds of anti-Olympic protestors gathered outside the Japan National Stadium before the opening ceremony. Security guards blocked reporters from leaving the stadium to interview protestors.
[
277
]
In total, more than 60,000 police were mobilized for security during the Games, and police were regularly deployed to break up public displays of protest, including tackling protestors on their way to join the anti-Olympic protest in Sendagaya during the closing ceremony on September 5, 2021. This overwhelming police presence, including plainclothes police officers who encircled the protest area, "served as an effective tool to criminalize a peaceful rally and to maintain a frightening image of open protest."
[
278
]
Writing for
The Conversation
, Olympic scholar
MacIntosh Ross
raised concerns about the relationship between the
IOC
and
WHO
, suggesting the organizations showed a lack of concern for the health of Japanese citizens and Olympians. As Ross explained, "when the IOC and WHO support a global mega-event held during a pandemic, it's difficult to believe that the well-being of the host nation remains a priority."
[
279
]
Similarly, Japan scholars O'Shea and Maslow remarked, "International media coverage and commentary runs the gamut from sometimes scathing critique for attempting to pull off a 'pandemic games', to praise and plaudits for successfully pulling off a 'pandemic games'. Still, the story that Japan—or at least the LDP—wanted to tell, of a newly reborn and 'normal' Japan (re-)entering the world stage remained untold. Instead, the story of the 2020/2021 Tokyo Olympics was more mundane, that of a state doing a decent job of managing Covid and hosting a mega-event against the wishes of many of its inhabitants."
[
280
]
A number of controversies arose during the Games, most notably the attempted repatriation on August 1 of Belarusian sprinter
Krystsina Tsimanouskaya
, allegedly for her criticism of the national sports authorities and team management.
[
281
]
Refusing to return to
Belarus
, over fears for her safety,
[
282
]
Tsimanouskaya sought assistance from the IOC and traveled to
Warsaw
, Poland, on August 4 after being granted a
humanitarian visa
by
Tokyo's Polish Embassy
.
[
283
]
Near the end of the Olympics, it was reported that Australian athletes had damaged the village rooms before departure, leaving a pool of vomit on the floor, damaged beds, and a hole in the wall. Australian rugby Olympians also reportedly became drunk on the flight to Sydney, leaving vomit in the plane bathroom and receiving complaints from other passengers. Team Australia chief Ian Chesterman played down the incidents, and said the Olympians would not be punished.
[
284
]
Algerian judoka
Fethi Nourine
and his coach
Amar Benikhlef
were suspended for 10 years by the
International Judo Federation
after Nourine refused to fight an Israeli athlete at the Olympics.
[
285
]
Nourine said his political support for the Palestinians in the
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
made it impossible for him to compete against Israeli athletes.
[
286
]
Sudan's
Mohamed Abdalarasool
also withdrew from the competition to avoid the Israeli athlete.
[
287
]
After the Olympics concluded, New Zealand diving judge Lisa Wright revealed that during the diving events,
Zhou Jihong
, Vice President of
FINA
from China, allegedly launched a verbal tirade at Wright at the conclusion of the men's 10 m platform final. Wright alleged that Zhou verbally abused her for underscoring Chinese divers.
[
288
]
Diving New Zealand subsequently complained about the incident to FINA's Ethics Panel. As a result, Zhou was ordered by a FINA Ethics Panel decision
[
289
]
to write a letter of apology to Wright. A recommendation was also made by the Ethics Panel to disestablish Zhou's position as Diving Bureau Liaison for FINA. The FINA Ethics Panel stated that the incident during the men's platform final was "unfortunate" and led to a "misunderstanding mixed with misjudgement" between Wright and Zhou.
[
289
]
In May 2022, former international diver, Olympic judge, and previous member of FINA's Technical Diving Committee from New Zealand
Simon Latimer
revealed he had sent a whistleblower complaint
[
290
]
to FINA's Executive Director Brent Nowicki in December 2021 detailing Zhou's alleged "unethical behavior" which also contained allegations that Zhou coached Chinese divers during major events during the 2020 Summer Olympics and she had manipulated judging panels to benefit Chinese athletes. Latimer claimed that Zhou's behavior was tarnishing the reputation of international diving and that she was acting in the interests of China rather than international diving as a whole. Subsequent to Latimer's complaint, video evidence emerged online showing Zhou coaching Chinese divers during competition sessions at the Olympics,
[
291
]
a behavior considered unethical given her supposedly neutral role as a FINA Vice President and Diving Bureau Liaison.
The Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 reached a global broadcast audience of 3.05 billion people, according to independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Official coverage on Olympic broadcast partners' digital platforms alone generated 28 billion video views in total – representing a 139% increase compared with the Olympic Games Rio 2016 and underlining the changing media landscape and Tokyo 2020's designation as the first streaming Games and the most watched Olympic Games ever on digital platforms.
[
292
]
Sony
and
Panasonic
partnered with
NHK
to develop broadcasting standards for
8K resolution
television, with a goal to release 8K television sets in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
[
293
]
[
294
]
In early 2019, Italian broadcaster
RAI
announced its intention to deploy 8K broadcasting for the Games.
[
295
]
NHK broadcast the opening and closing ceremonies, and coverage of selected events in 8K.
[
296
]
[
297
]
Telecom company
NTT Docomo
signed a deal with Finland's
Nokia
to provide
5G
-ready baseband networks in Japan in time for the Games.
[
298
]
[
299
]
Japanese audio manufacture
Audio-Technica
was selected by NBC Olympics, a division of the
NBC Sports Group
, to provide microphone and headphone equipment for production of the Games.
[
300
]
2020 Summer Paralympics
Olympic Games held in Japan
1964 Summer Olympics
– Tokyo
1972 Winter Olympics
– Sapporo
1998 Winter Olympics
– Nagano
2020 Summer Olympics
– Tokyo
List of IOC country codes
1940 Summer Olympics
– planned in Tokyo
^
The new emblem, created by Asao Tokolo, was introduced at the closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in
Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil. Made by checkboards, it expresses a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan. Previously, the original emblem, made by Kenjirō Sano, was scrapped after his design was found to have plagiarized the logo of
Théâtre de Liège
, a Belgian theatre company.
^
Only an English motto was used during the Games. There was no Japanese equivalent of the motto adopted.
[
1
]
^
Named "Olympic Stadium" during the games.
^
Japanese
:
2020年夏季オリンピック
,
Hepburn
:
Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku
^
第三十二回オリンピック競技大会
,
Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai
^
東京2020
,
Tōkyō Nii Zero Nii Zero
^
Overseas spectators were first banned in March 2021, followed by residents of Japan in July of that year to avoid any risk of a
superspreading event
.
[
7
]
^
Tokyo was set to host the
1940 Summer Olympics
but pulled out in 1938 due to the
Second Sino-Japanese War
.
[
9
]
^
The
1916 Summer Olympics
was called off due to
World War I
, while the
1940
and
1944 Summer Olympics
were also called off due to
World War II
.
^
based on the average USD/JPY 2021 exchange rate.
[
82
]
^
The remainder of the Olympic test events resumed on 11 March 2021 and the last event took place on 5 May 2021.
[
citation needed
]
^
Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the
Russian Olympic Committee
.
^
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Olympics.com
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Japanese Olympic Committee |
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics)
- [1 Bidding process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Bidding_process)
Toggle Bidding process subsection
- [1\.1 Host city selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Host_city_selection)
- [2 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic)
Toggle Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic subsection
- [2\.1 Qualifying event cancellation and postponement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Qualifying_event_cancellation_and_postponement)
- [2\.2 Effect on doping tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Effect_on_doping_tests)
- [2\.3 Postponement to 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Postponement_to_2021)
- [2\.4 Calls for cancellation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Calls_for_cancellation)
- [2\.5 Costs and insurance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Costs_and_insurance)
- [2\.6 Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Public_opinion_and_COVID-19_effect_during_and_after_the_Games)
- [3 Development and preparations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Development_and_preparations)
Toggle Development and preparations subsection
- [3\.1 Venues and infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Venues_and_infrastructure)
- [3\.2 Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Security)
- [3\.3 Volunteers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Volunteers)
- [3\.4 Medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Medals)
- [3\.5 Torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Torch_relay)
- [3\.6 Biosecurity protocols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Biosecurity_protocols)
- [3\.7 Ticketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Ticketing)
- [3\.8 Cultural festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Cultural_festival)
- [4 The Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#The_Games)
Toggle The Games subsection
- [4\.1 Opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Opening_ceremony)
- [4\.2 Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Sports)
- [4\.2.1 New and Optional sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#New_and_Optional_sports)
- [4\.3 Test events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Test_events)
- [5 Participating National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Participating_National_Olympic_Committees)
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- [5\.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee)
- [6 Calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Calendar)
- [7 Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Medal_table)
Toggle Medal table subsection
- [7\.1 Podium sweeps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Podium_sweeps)
- [7\.2 Medal ceremonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Medal_ceremonies)
- [7\.3 Event scheduling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Event_scheduling)
- [8 Marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Marketing)
- [9 Concerns and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Concerns_and_controversies)
- [10 Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Broadcasting)
- [11 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#See_also)
- [12 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Notes)
- [13 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#References)
- [14 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# 2020 Summer Olympics
112 languages
- [Аԥсшәа](https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE_2020 "Токио 2020 – Abkhazian")
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_2020 "Olimpiese Somerspele 2020 – Afrikaans")
- [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_de_Tokio_2020 "Chuegos Olimpicos de Tokio 2020 – Aragonese")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_2020 "الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2020 – Arabic")
- [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_2020 "اوليمبياد صيف 2020 – Egyptian Arabic")
- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Tokiu_2020 "Xuegos Olímpicos de Tokiu 2020 – Asturian")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Yay_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1 "2020 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani")
- [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Panes_2020 "Olimpiade Masan Panes 2020 – Balinese")
- [Batak Toba](https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_2020 "Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020 – Batak Toba")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_2020_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83 "Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 2020 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_2020 "Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 2020 – Belarusian")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2020 "Летни олимпийски игри 2020 – Bulgarian")
- [Banjar](https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulimpiada_Musim_Panas_2020 "Ulimpiada Musim Panas 2020 – Banjar")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95 "২০২০ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla")
- [བོད་ཡིག](https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B "༢༠༢༠ལོའི་དབྱར་དུས་ཨོ་ལིམ་ཕིཀ་ལུས་རྩེད་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ – Tibetan")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijske_igre_2020. "Olimpijske igre 2020. – Bosnian")
- [Буряад](https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0 "2020 оной Зунай Олимпиада – Russia Buriat")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_2020 "Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 2020 – Catalan")
- [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_nga_Olimpiko_sa_Ting-init "2020 nga Olimpiko sa Ting-init – Cebuano")
- [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A0 "ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ٢٠٢٠ – Central Kurdish")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2020 "Letní olympijské hry 2020 – Czech")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemau_Olympaidd_yr_Haf_2020 "Gemau Olympaidd yr Haf 2020 – Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_2020 "Sommer-OL 2020 – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Sommerspiele_2020 "Olympische Sommerspiele 2020 – German")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_2020 "Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2020 – Greek")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_Olimpiko_2020 "Somera Olimpiko 2020 – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Tokio_2020 "Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud "2020. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak "2020ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B0 "المپیک تابستانی ۲۰۲۰ – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_2020 "Kesäolympialaiset 2020 – Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_2020 "Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020 – French")
- [Arpetan](https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C3%A8s_olimpicos_de_ch%C3%B4d-temps_de_2020 "Juès olimpicos de chôd-temps de 2020 – Arpitan")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Simmerspullen_2020 "Olympyske Simmerspullen 2020 – Western Frisian")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluich%C3%AD_Oilimpeacha_an_tSamhraidh_2020 "Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2020 – Irish")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_2020 "Xogos Olímpicos de 2020 – Galician")
- [Avañe'ẽ](https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosaraipav%E1%BA%BD_Arahak%C3%BApe_2020 "Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 2020 – Guarani")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95_\(2020\) "אולימפיאדת טוקיו (2020) – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 "2020 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXII._Olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Tokio_2020. "XXXII. Olimpijske igre – Tokio 2020. – Croatian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020._%C3%A9vi_ny%C3%A1ri_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok "2020. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80_2020 "Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 2020 – Armenian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_2020 "Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020 – Indonesian")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Tokyo,_2020 "Olimpiala Ludi en Tokyo, 2020 – Ido")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_2021 "Sumarólympíuleikarnir 2021 – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_della_XXXII_Olimpiade "Giochi della XXXII Olimpiade – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF "2020年東京オリンピック – Japanese")
- [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_2020 "Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020 – Javanese")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_2020 "ზაფხულის ოლიმპიური თამაშები 2020 – Georgian")
- [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020-j%C4%B1l%C7%B5%C4%B1_Jaz%C7%B5%C4%B1_Olimpiada_oy%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1 "2020-jılǵı Jazǵı Olimpiada oyınları – Kara-Kalpak")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B "2020 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh")
- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A0%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A0 "កីឡាអូឡាំពិករដូវក្តៅឆ្នាំ២០២០ – Khmer")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%EB%85%84_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD "2020년 하계 올림픽 – Korean")
- [کٲشُر](https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%D8%B1%D8%A0%D8%AA%DB%81%D9%95_%DA%A9%D9%B2%D9%84%D8%A0_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%90%DA%A9%D8%B3 "2020 رؠتہٕ کٲلؠ اولَمپِکس – Kashmiri")
- [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEstik%C3%AAn_hav%C3%AEn%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_ol%C3%AEmpiyad%C3%AA_2020 "Lîstikên havînî yên olîmpiyadê 2020 – Kurdish")
- [Коми](https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A7%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81_\(2020\) "Гожся Олимпиада ворсӧмъяс (2020) – Komi")
- [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_aestiva_2020 "Olympia aestiva 2020 – Latin")
- [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Summerspiller_2020 "Olympesch Summerspiller 2020 – Luxembourgish")
- [Limburgs](https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspeule_2021 "Olympische Zomerspeule 2021 – Limburgish")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_m._vasaros_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s "2020 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020._gada_vasaras_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les "2020. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian")
- [Олык марий](https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A5%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_-_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE_2021 "Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Токио 2021 – Eastern Mari")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2020 "Летни олимписки игри 2020 – Macedonian")
- [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_2020_\(%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B\) "ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് 2020 (ടോക്കിയോ) – Malayalam")
- [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF "2020 оны Зуны Олимп – Mongolian")
- [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 "२०२० उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Panas_2020 "Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2020 – Malay")
- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2 "၂၀၂၀ နွေရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ – Burmese")
- [مازِرونی](https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B0_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9 "۲۰۲۰ تابستونی المپیک – Mazanderani")
- [Napulitano](https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXII_Olimpiade "XXXII Olimpiade – Neapolitan")
- [नेपाली](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 "२०२० ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Nepali")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_2020 "Olympische Zomerspelen 2020 – Dutch")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommar-OL_2020 "Sommar-OL 2020 – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_2020 "Sommer-OL 2020 – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [ଓଡ଼ିଆ](https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A6%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A6_%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95 "୨୦୨୦ ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମକାଳୀନ ଅଲମ୍ପିକ – Odia")
- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95 "2020 ਗਰਮੀਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਓਲੰਪਿਕ – Punjabi")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letnie_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_2020 "Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 2020 – Polish")
- [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3 "2020ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Western Punjabi")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Ver%C3%A3o_de_2020 "Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_2020 "Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2020 – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_2020 "Летние Олимпийские игры 2020 – Russian")
- [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0 "2020 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut")
- [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Simmer_Olympics "2020 Simmer Olympics – Scots")
- [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetne_olimpijske_igre_2020. "Ljetne olimpijske igre 2020. – Serbo-Croatian")
- [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A "2020 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics "2020 Summer Olympics – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2020 "Letné olympijské hry 2020 – Slovak")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletne_olimpijske_igre_2020 "Poletne olimpijske igre 2020 – Slovenian")
- [Gagana Samoa](https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Ta%CA%BBamilosaga_Olimipeka "2020 Taʻamilosaga Olimipeka – Samoan")
- [Soomaaliga](https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympics_Japan_2020 "Olympics Japan 2020 – Somali")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loj%C3%ABrat_Olimpike_Verore_2020 "Lojërat Olimpike Verore 2020 – Albanian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_2020. "Летње олимпијске игре 2020. – Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_sommarspelen_2020 "Olympiska sommarspelen 2020 – Swedish")
- [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D "2020 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil")
- [తెలుగు](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81 "2020 వేసవి ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు – Telugu")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_2020 "Бозиҳои олимпии тобистона 2020 – Tajik")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_2020 "โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 2020 – Thai")
- [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Olimpiko_sa_Tag-init_2020 "Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 2020 – Tagalog")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1 "2020 Yaz Olimpiyatları – Turkish")
- [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_2020 "Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 2020 – Tatar")
- [Удмурт](https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81_2020 "Гужем Олимпи шудонъёс 2020 – Udmurt")
- [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%83_%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89 "توكيو ئولىمپىك مۇسابىقىسى – Uyghur")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2020 "Літні Олімпійські ігри 2020 – Ukrainian")
- [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3 "2020ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu")
- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020-yilgi_Yozgi_Olimpiada_o%CA%BByinlari "2020-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari – Uzbek")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BA%ADn_h%E1%BB%99i_M%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8_2020 "Thế vận hội Mùa hè 2020 – Vietnamese")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A "2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Wu")
- [მარგალური](https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_2020 "ზარხულიშ ოლიმპიური ლაჸაფეფი 2020 – Mingrelian")
- [Yorùbá](https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cd%C3%ADje_%C3%92l%C3%ADmp%C3%ADk%C3%AC_%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_Oru_2020 "Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 2020 – Yoruba")
- [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_n%C3%AE_H%C4%81-k%C3%B9i_Olympic_%C5%AAn-t%C5%8Dng-ho%C4%93 "2020 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Minnan")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83 "2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會 – Cantonese")
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Multi-sport event in Tokyo, Japan
"2020 Olympics", "Tokyo 2020", "2021 Olympics", and "Tokyo 2021" redirect here. For the Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, see [2020 Winter Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics"). For the Summer Paralympics, see [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics").
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympics_logo_new.svg)Emblem of the 2020 Summer Olympics[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-1) | |
| Location | Tokyo, Japan |
| Motto | *United by Emotion*[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-3) |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | 206 (including [EOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC_Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "IOC Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee") teams) |
| Athletes | 11,319 (5,910 men, 5,409 women)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4) |
| Events | 339 in 33 [sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") (51 disciplines) |
| [Opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | 23 July 2021 |
| [Closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | 8 August 2021 |
| [Opened by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") | [Emperor Naruhito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Naruhito "Emperor Naruhito") |
| Closed by | [IOC president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee "President of the International Olympic Committee") [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") |
| [Cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") | [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka") |
| [Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") | [Japan National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-5) |
| **Summer**← [Rio 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") [Paris 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") → **Winter**← [Pyeongchang 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [Beijing 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") → [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics") | |
| |
|---|
|  |
| Part of a series on |
| [2020 Summer Olympics]() |
| [Bid process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics") ([bid details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics")) Development ([venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics"), [torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay "2020 Summer Olympics torch relay")) [Marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_marketing "2020 Summer Olympics marketing") ([mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity"), [pictograms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_pictograms "2020 Summer Olympics pictograms")) [Broadcasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Summer_Olympics_broadcasters "List of 2020 Summer Olympics broadcasters") [Opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") ([flag bearers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_Parade_of_Nations "2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations")) [Event calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Calendar) [Chronological summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") ([medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_winners "List of 2020 Summer Olympics medal winners")) [Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics") ([Russian doping scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Participating_national_Olympic_committee_teams), [withdrawals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_not_attending_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_due_to_COVID-19_concerns "List of athletes not attending the 2020 Summer Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns"), [COVID-19 cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics"), [Belarus scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_2020_Summer_Olympics_scandal "Belarus 2020 Summer Olympics scandal")) [World and Olympic records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_and_Olympic_records_set_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "World and Olympic records set at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Closing ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") ([flag bearers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony_flag_bearers "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers")) [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics") ([medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Paralympics medal table")) **[IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee")** **[JOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Olympic_Committee "Japanese Olympic Committee")** **[TOCOG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games")** |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2020_Summer_Olympics "Template:2020 Summer Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2020_Summer_Olympics "Template talk:2020 Summer Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_Summer_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:2020 Summer Olympics") |
The **2020 Summer Olympics**,[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-6) officially the **Games of the XXXII Olympiad**[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-7) and officially branded as **Tokyo 2020**,[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-8) were an international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") held from July 23 to August 8, 2021, in [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on July 21, 2021. Tokyo was selected as the [host city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities "List of Olympic Games host cities") during the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), Argentina on September 7, 2013.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-9)
Originally scheduled to take place from July 24 to August 9, 2020, the Tokyo Games were postponed until 2021 on March 24, 2020 as a result of the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the first such postponement in the history of the [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") (some previous editions had been cancelled but not rescheduled).[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-LATimes24032020-10)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-11) However, the **Tokyo 2020** branding was retained for marketing purposes.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:5-12) The events were largely held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") with no public spectators permitted due to the declaration of a state of emergency in the [Greater Tokyo Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area "Greater Tokyo Area") in response to the pandemic, the only Olympic Games to be held without official spectators.[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-14) As a consequence of the postponement and the additional challenges caused by the pandemic, the 2020 Games were the most costly ever, with a total expenditure of over \$20 billion.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-15)
The 2020 Games were the fourth Olympics to be held in Japan, following the [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") (Tokyo), the [1972 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") ([Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo "Sapporo")), and the [1998 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") ([Nagano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano_\(city\) "Nagano (city)")). Tokyo became the first city in [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia "Asia") to hold the [Summer Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") twice.[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-17) The 2020 Games were the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in [East Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia"), following the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") in [Pyeongchang, South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang_County "Pyeongchang County") and preceding the [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") in [Beijing, China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing,_China "Beijing, China"). Because of the one-year postponement, Tokyo 2020 is the only Olympic Games to have taken place in an odd-numbered year.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-18)
New events were introduced in existing sports, including [3x3 basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3x3_basketball "3x3 basketball"), [freestyle BMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_BMX "Freestyle BMX"), and mixed-gender team events in a number of existing sports, as well as the return of [madison cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_\(cycling\) "Madison (cycling)") for men and an introduction of the same event for women. New [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC "IOC") policies allowed the host city's organizing committee to add new sports to the [Olympic program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") for just one Games. The disciplines added by the [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Olympic_Committee "Japanese Olympic Committee") were [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics"); the last four of these were making their Olympic debuts, and the last three have remained on the Olympic program.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Japan_Through_the_Lens_of_the_Tokyo_Olympics-19)
The [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") topped the [medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") both by gold (39) and total medals (113), with [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finishing second (38 and 89, respectively). Host nation [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finished third, setting a record for the most gold and overall medals won by their delegation at an Olympic Games with 27 and 58, respectively. [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finished fourth, with 22 gold and 64 total medals. The [Russian delegation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), competing as the [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), finished fifth with 20 gold medals and third in the overall medal count, with 71 medals. [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), the [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") won their first-ever Olympic gold medals.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-20)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-21)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-22) [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") also won their first-ever Olympic medals.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-23)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-24)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-25)
## Bidding process
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Bidding process")\]
Main article: [Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics")
The three candidate cities were [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [Istanbul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Istanbul bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"). The applicant cities of [Baku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baku bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") were not promoted to candidate status. A [bid from Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rome bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") was withdrawn.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26)
### Host city selection
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Host city selection")\]
The [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on September 7, 2013, at the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), Argentina, using an [exhaustive ballot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaustive_ballot "Exhaustive ballot") system.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26) None of the candidate cities won more than 50% of the votes in the first round; Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place, so a runoff vote was held to determine which of the two cities would be eliminated. The final vote was a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul. Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, gaining at least the 49 votes required for a majority.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26)
| City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo")** | ** [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan")** | **42** | — | **60** |
| [Istanbul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul "Istanbul") |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey "Turkey") | 26 | **49** | 36 |
| [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid "Madrid") |  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain "Spain") | 26 | 45 | — |
## Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic")\]
Main articles: [COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") and [List of athletes not attending the 2020 Summer Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_not_attending_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_due_to_COVID-19_concerns "List of athletes not attending the 2020 Summer Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns")
See also: [COVID-19 pandemic in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") and [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shibuya_Crossing_2020-04-19_\(2\).jpg)
Few pedestrians on the [Shibuya Crossing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibuya_Crossing "Shibuya Crossing") during the state of emergency in the middle of Japan's [first wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") of the COVID-19 pandemic, early 2020
In January 2020, concerns were raised about the potential impact of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") on athletes and visitors to the Summer Olympic Games.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:10-28) Tokyo organizers and the International Olympic Committee insisted they were monitoring the spread of the disease to minimize its effects on preparations for the Olympics.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-29) The IOC stated that in 2020, their Japanese partners and Prime Minister [Shinzo Abe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Abe "Shinzo Abe") "made it very clear that Japan could not manage a postponement beyond next summer \[2021\] at the latest".[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-30) Unlike the [case for Zika virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics#Zika_virus "Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics") during the [2016 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") in Rio de Janeiro, [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") can be transmitted directly between humans, posing tougher challenges for the organizers to counteract the infectious disease and host a safe and secure event.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:10-28) Also unlike the [case for H1N1 "swine flu"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics#H1N1_pandemic "Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics") during the [2010 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics "2010 Winter Olympics") in Vancouver, COVID-19 has a higher fatality rate, and there was no [effective vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") until December 2020.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-31) In a February 2020 interview, [Conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_\(UK\) "Conservative Party (UK)") [London mayoral candidate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_London_mayoral_election "2020 London mayoral election") [Shaun Bailey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Bailey_\(London_politician\) "Shaun Bailey (London politician)") argued that London would be able to host the Olympic Games at the former [2012 Olympic venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics") should the Games need to be moved because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-32) [Tokyo Governor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Tokyo "Governor of Tokyo") [Yuriko Koike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuriko_Koike "Yuriko Koike") criticized Bailey's comment as inappropriate.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-33) In early 2021, officials in the US state of [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida "Florida") offered to host the delayed Games in their state, while [John Coates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coates_\(sports_administrator\) "John Coates (sports administrator)"), the IOC vice president in charge of the Tokyo Olympics, said the Games would open even if the city and other parts of Japan were under a state of emergency because of COVID-19.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-34)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-35)
Estimates by the [National Institute of Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Infectious_Diseases_\(Japan\) "National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Japan)") and [Kyoto University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_University "Kyoto University") predicted that states of emergency might be required during the Games.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-36) The reports published at the Ministry of Health experts' panel also showed new patients increasing to 10,000 if the Games were to allow spectators.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-37)
### Qualifying event cancellation and postponement
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Qualifying event cancellation and postponement")\]
Concerns about the pandemic began to affect qualifying events in early 2020. Some that were due to take place in February were moved to alternative locations to address concerns about traveling to the affected areas, particularly China. For example, the [women's basketball qualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_FIBA_Women%27s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournaments_%E2%80%93_Belgrade_2 "2020 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments – Belgrade 2") was played in [Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade "Belgrade"), Serbia, instead of [Foshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foshan "Foshan"), China.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-38) The [Asia & Oceania boxing qualification tournament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Asia_%26_Oceania_Boxing_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament "2020 Asia & Oceania Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament"), which was originally planned to be held from February 3–14 in [Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan "Wuhan"), China (the location of the original outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic), instead took place in [Amman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman "Amman"), Jordan, at the beginning of March.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-39) The third round of the [women's football qualification tournament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_AFC_Women%27s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament "2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament") was also affected, as the group matches formerly scheduled to be held in China were moved to Australia.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-40) The [European boxing qualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_European_Boxing_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament "2020 European Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament") began on March 14, 2020 in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"), United Kingdom, but was suspended after two days of competition before being rescheduled for April 2021.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-41)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-42) It eventually resumed in June 2021 but was moved to [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris "Paris"), France,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-43) because of renewed concerns over [travel to the UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom"). Other qualifying events that were due to take place in March to June 2020 began to be postponed until later in the year and mid-2021 as part of a wider suspension of international sporting competitions in response to the pandemic. A multitude of Olympic sports were affected, including archery, baseball, cycling, handball, judo, rowing, sailing, volleyball, and water polo.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-44)
### Effect on doping tests
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Effect on doping tests")\]
Mandatory doping tests were significantly restricted by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. European anti-doping organizations raised concerns that blood and urine tests could not be performed and that mobilizing the necessary staff before the pandemic's end would pose health risks. Despite the need for extensive testing ahead of the Games, the [World Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency "World Anti-Doping Agency") (WADA) stated that public health and safety remained its top priority.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Sharma-45) The [China Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Anti-Doping_Agency "China Anti-Doping Agency") (CHINADA) temporarily suspended testing on February 3, 2020, with plans to resume phased testing later that month.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-46) By the end of March, anti-doping organizations in the US, France, Great Britain, and Germany had also reduced their testing activities.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Sharma-45)
It was subsequently revealed that 23 Chinese swimmers had tested positive for the drug [trimetazidine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimetazidine "Trimetazidine"), but were permitted to compete, after CHINADA claimed they had ingested tiny amounts unawares from a kitchen. Some, including [Zhang Yufei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yufei_\(swimmer\) "Zhang Yufei (swimmer)"), [Wang Shun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Shun "Wang Shun"), and [Qin Haiyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Haiyang "Qin Haiyang"), went on to win medals. The affair resulted in deep upset amongst the international athletic community.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-47)
### Postponement to 2021
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Postponement to 2021")\]
The [Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organizing_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games") (TOCOG) released a statement on March 2, 2020, confirming that preparations for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics were "continuing as planned".[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-48) On March 23, both Canada and Australia indicated that they would withdraw from the Games if they were not postponed by a year.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-49) On the same day, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe stated he would support a proposed postponement, citing that ensuring athlete safety was "paramount", and veteran IOC member and former vice president [Dick Pound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Pound "Dick Pound") said he expected the Games to be postponed.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-50)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-51)
On March 24, 2020, 122 days to go for the planned start, the IOC, TOCOG, and prime minister Abe released a joint statement announcing that the 2020 Summer Olympics and [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics") would be rescheduled to a date "beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021". They stated that the Games could "stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these troubled times", and that the [Olympic flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame "Olympic flame") could become "the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds itself at present".[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Joint_Statement_from_IOC_&_TOCOG-52) Prime Minister Abe stated that IOC president [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") responded "with 100% agreement" to his proposal to delay the Games. For continuity and marketing purposes, it was agreed that the Games would still be branded as Tokyo 2020 despite the change in schedule.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:5-12)
On March 30, 2020, the IOC and TOCOG announced that they had reached an agreement on the new dates for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which would begin with the opening ceremony on July 23, 2021 and end with the closing ceremony on August 8, 2021, still to be held in Tokyo.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC_2021_Dates-53)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-54) The subsequent [Winter Olympics in Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") were scheduled to begin on February 4, 2022, less than six months later. Shortly before the postponement was confirmed, the IOC and Tokyo 2020 organizers formed a task force named "Here We Go" with the remit to address any issues arising from postponing the Games, such as sponsorship and accommodation. The organizers confirmed that all athletes who had already qualified for Tokyo 2020 prior to March 24, 2020 would keep their qualification slots.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-55)
### Calls for cancellation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Calls for cancellation")\]
Health experts expressed concern in April 2020 that the Games might have to be cancelled if the pandemic should persist.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-56) In an interview, the then president of TOCOG and former Japanese prime minister, [Yoshirō Mori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshir%C5%8D_Mori "Yoshirō Mori"), asserted that the Games would be "scrapped" if they could not go ahead in 2021.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mori_rte-57) On April 29, 2020, Prime Minister Abe stated that the Games "must be held in a way that shows the world has won its battle against the coronavirus pandemic".[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-58) Thomas Bach acknowledged in an interview on May 20, 2020, that the job of reorganizing the Tokyo Games was "a mammoth task" and also admitted that the event would have to be cancelled altogether if it could not take place in the summer of 2021.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Bach_bbc-59) However, both Mori and Bach expressed optimism about the Games going ahead.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mori_rte-57)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Bach_bbc-59)
A member of the Japanese COVID-19 Advisory Committee on the basic action policy co-authored a *[British Medical Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_BMJ "The BMJ")* editorial, which stated, "holding Tokyo 2020 for domestic political and economic purposes—ignoring scientific and moral imperatives—is contradictory to Japan's commitment to global health and human security".[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BMJ373n962-60)
On January 21, 2021, multiple sources reported that the Japanese government had "privately concluded" that the Games would have to be cancelled.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-61) The government dismissed the claims, stating the reports were "categorically untrue".[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-62) The new Japanese prime minister [Yoshihide Suga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga "Yoshihide Suga") confirmed on February 19 that the [G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Seven "Group of Seven") had given unanimous support for the postponed Games to go ahead as scheduled.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-63) It was reported in April 2021, just three months before the start of the Games, that there was still the option to cancel the Tokyo Olympics with the country having vaccinated less than 1% of its population, with tens of thousands of volunteers expected to take part and athletes not being required to quarantine after arriving in Japan.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-64)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-65)
Public support for the Games in Japan decreased significantly amid a 2021 surge in [COVID-19 cases in the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-66) Multiple organizations of medical professionals voiced oppositions to the Games,[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BMJ373n962-60)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-67)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-68) while an opinion poll in April 2021 saw 40% of participants support the cancellation of the Games and 33% support a second postponement.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-69) In May 2021, 83% of those polled supported the cancellation or postponement of the Games.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-70) The Tokyo Medical Practitioners Association called for cancellation, stating that hospitals in Tokyo "have their hands full and have almost no spare capacity" in an open letter to the prime minister.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-71) At least nine out of 47 elected governors supported cancellation of the Games.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-72) Nearly 37% of Japanese companies surveyed supported cancellation of the Games, and 32% supported postponement.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-73)
[Kenji Utsunomiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenji_Utsunomiya "Kenji Utsunomiya"), who had previously run for Governor of Tokyo, collected more than 351,000 signatures on a petition calling for the organizers to "prioritize life" over the Olympics.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-74) Japanese writers [Jiro Akagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Akagawa "Jirō Akagawa")[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-75)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-76) and [Fuminori Nakamura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuminori_Nakamura "Fuminori Nakamura") also called for the Games to be postponed or cancelled.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-77)
On May 26, 2021, the *[Asahi Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun "The Asahi Shimbun")* newspaper, which was a local sponsor of the Games, published an editorial calling for Prime Minister Suga to "calmly and objectively assess the situation and decide on the cancellation of the event this summer."[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-78) On June 4, it was reported that Japanese sponsors proposed to the organizers for "the Games to be postponed for several months," citing a comment by a corporate sponsor senior executive: "It just makes much, much more sense from our perspective to hold the Games when there are more vaccinated people, the weather is cooler and maybe public opposition is lower."[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-79)
In July 2021, it was announced that all events in Tokyo were to be held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") with no spectators due to a new state of emergency. A poll by the *Asahi Shimbun* found that 55% of those surveyed supported cancellation of the Olympics, and 68% felt that organizers would not be able to suitably control COVID-19 at the Games.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:0-80) The decision was also detrimental to local sponsors, which had planned in-person presences to promote their products during the Games; an executive of official sponsor [Toyota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota "Toyota") stated that the company had pulled a television advertising campaign it had planned for the Games in Japan, citing that the Olympics were "becoming an event that has not gained the public's understanding."[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:0-80)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-81)
Had the Games been cancelled, it would have been the first time since [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") that an Olympic event had been called off and the first games to be scrapped due to circumstances unrelated to war.[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-82) A complete cancellation would have also cost Japan ¥4.52 trillion (US\$41.5 billion), based on operating expenses and [loss of tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") activity to Japan, which had closed its international borders to foreign travelers since March 2020, did not reopen until October 2022, and was initially scheduled to end preventive border measures in May 2023 but had moved early at the end of April of that year, less than two years after the Games ended.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Costs-83)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-84)
### Costs and insurance
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Costs and insurance")\]
According to an estimate conducted by professor emeritus Katsuhiro Miyamoto of [Kansai University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_University "Kansai University") and reported by the [NHK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK "NHK") in March 2020, the cost of delaying the 2020 Olympics by one year would be 640.8 billion yen ([US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")5\.8 billion), taking maintenance expenditures for the unused facilities into account.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Costs-83)
The [Nomura Research Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomura_Research_Institute "Nomura Research Institute") estimated that cancelling the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2021 would cost around 1.81 trillion yen (\$17 billion), less than the economic damages projected if another state of emergency is declared, noting that a decision to hold the games "should be made based on the impact on infection risks, not from the standpoint of economic loss".[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-85)
The Tokyo Games were protected through the commercial insurance marketplace [Lloyd's of London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London "Lloyd's of London"), by global reinsurers [Munich Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Re "Munich Re") and [Swiss Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Re "Swiss Re"). The IOC takes out around \$800 million of insurance for each Summer Olympics, with the total amount of loss insured for the 2020 Games likely to be more than \$2 billion.\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\] The disruption caused by postponing the Games was covered by the insurance policy, with those likely to make claims for their financial losses including local organizers, sponsors, hospitality firms, and travel providers.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-86)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-87)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
Holders of tickets purchased from overseas prior to postponement were entitled to refunds for both Olympic and Paralympic ticket purchases, except for the costs of cancelled hotel bookings. Although about 600,000 Olympic tickets and 300,000 Paralympic tickets were eligible to be refunded, organizers said they would not release the total costs of the refunds.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-88) Reuters quoted industry sources who estimated that the Tokyo Olympics Committee had taken out US\$500–\$800 million in insurance, and that after accounting for costs such as rebooking sporting venues and the Olympic Village, little of that payout would be available to recoup the proceeds of lost and refunded ticket sales.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-89) The local organizers are responsible for ticket sales and use them to defray the costs of holding the games; ticket sales were expected to bring in approximately US\$800 million, but actual sales were close to zero.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-90)
In June 2022, the Tokyo Organizing Committee revealed in the final budget report for the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics that the cost for the Olympic Games was 640.4 billion yen (US\$5.8 billion[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-92)), which was higher than the cost for the [Rio 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics#Cost "2016 Summer Olympics").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-93)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4) The total, final cost of the delayed Games was 1.4 trillion yen (US\$13 billion).[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-94)
### Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games")\]
Prior to the Tokyo Olympics being held, many Japanese people were negative about hosting the event, but their attitudes had become more positive toward the end of the Games. According to a public opinion poll conducted jointly by the [Nippon News Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_News_Network "Nippon News Network") and the *[Yomiuri Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomiuri_Shimbun "Yomiuri Shimbun")* newspaper, which targeted Japanese citizens at the end of the Olympics, 38% of respondents said it was possible to hold the Olympics in a safe manner against COVID-19, while 55% said it was not possible. However, 64% answered it was good that the Tokyo Games had gone ahead, while 28% answered that they wished the event had not been held. Of the respondents, 61% were glad the event had been held without spectators, and only 12% said that spectators should have been allowed.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-95)
On July 29, less than a week into the Games, journalist Masaki Kubota reported his analysis of the Japanese people's perspective on the Olympics, which he believed was greatly influenced by the change in the way the Japanese news media reported on the Games. He pointed out that many Japanese news media had insisted on canceling the Olympics, citing fears that COVID-19 would spread, but once Japanese athletes started winning medals, the media changed their reporting policy and began livening up the Olympics, which had the effect of altering public opinion in Japan.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-96)
Once the Tokyo Olympics were underway, followed by the [Tokyo Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics"), there was a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases in Japan, especially those caused by the [Delta variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant"). On July 26, there were 60,157 cases detected in Japan, breaking the record of 44,961 cases recorded on May 10. On August 9, one day after the Olympics had ended, daily cases in Japan reached 100,000 for the first time, and new cases continued to increase until the peak on August 23, when 156,931 cases were recorded.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-97)
## Development and preparations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Development and preparations")\]
See also: [Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympic_Games-_Monument_of_Olympic_Rings.jpg)
The [Olympic rings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_rings "Olympic rings") on display at [Tokyo Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bay "Tokyo Bay") to promote the Games
The [Tokyo Organizing Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games") was originally headed by former Japanese prime minister Yoshirō Mori,[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-98) but he resigned in February 2021 due to backlash from sexist comments about women in meetings.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-99)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-100)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-kyodo180221-101) [Seiko Hashimoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Hashimoto "Seiko Hashimoto") was chosen to succeed him. [Tamayo Marukawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamayo_Marukawa "Tamayo Marukawa"), Minister for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, was responsible for overseeing the preparations on behalf of the Japanese government.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-kyodo180221-101)
The [Tokyo Metropolitan Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government "Tokyo Metropolitan Government") set aside a fund of ¥400 billion (more than US\$3.67 billion) to cover the cost of hosting the Games. The [Japanese government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Japan "Government of Japan") was considering easing airspace restrictions to allow an increased [slot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_slot "Landing slot") capacity at both [Haneda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haneda_Airport "Haneda Airport") and [Narita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narita_International_Airport "Narita International Airport") airports. A new railway line was planned to link both airports through an expansion of [Tokyo Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Station "Tokyo Station"), cutting travel time from Tokyo Station to Haneda from 30 to 18 minutes, and from Tokyo Station to Narita from 55 to 36 minutes; funded primarily by private investors, the line would cost ¥400 billion. The [East Japan Railway Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company "East Japan Railway Company") (JR East) was also planning a new route near [Tamachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamachi "Tamachi") to Haneda Airport.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-102)
There were plans to fund the accelerated completion of the [Central Circular Route](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Circular_Route_\(Shuto_Expressway\) "Central Circular Route (Shuto Expressway)"), [Tokyo Gaikan Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Gaikan_Expressway "Tokyo Gaikan Expressway"), and [Ken-Ō Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken-%C5%8C_Expressway "Ken-Ō Expressway"), and the refurbishment of other major expressways in the area.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-103) The [Yurikamome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurikamome "Yurikamome") automated transit line was also to be extended from its existing terminal at [Toyosu Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyosu_Station "Toyosu Station") to a new terminal at [Kachidoki Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachidoki_Station "Kachidoki Station"), passing the site of the Olympic Village, although the line was not expected to have adequate capacity to serve major events in the [Odaiba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaiba "Odaiba") area on its own.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-104)
In April 2018, the Tokyo Organizing Committee signed a partnership with the [International Labour Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization "International Labour Organization") to ensure [decent work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decent_work "Decent work") in the preparation of and during the 2020 Olympic Games.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-105)
In June 2020, the chief executive of the Organizing Committee, [Toshirō Mutō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshir%C5%8D_Mut%C5%8D "Toshirō Mutō"), stated that the committee was exploring options for streamlining the Games to achieve cost savings.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-106) On September 25, the IOC and Tokyo Organizing Committee agreed to a suite of measures to simplify the Games' logistics, including a cut to non-athlete staff, use of online meetings, and streamlined transport, among others. The committee also outlined areas it would be exploring to maintain the health and safety of all participants.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-107)
### Venues and infrastructure
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Venues and infrastructure")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_national_stadium_tokyo_1.jpg)
The newly built [Japan National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") in Tokyo was the venue for the ceremonies and the athletics events.
Main article: [Venues of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics")
In February 2012, it was announced that Tokyo's former [National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Stadium_\(Tokyo,_1958\) "National Stadium (Tokyo, 1958)"), the central venue for the [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics"), would undergo a ¥100 billion renovation for the [2019 Rugby World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup "2019 Rugby World Cup") and the 2020 Summer Olympics.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-108) In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced it was taking bids for proposed stadium designs. Of the 46 finalists, [Zaha Hadid Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaha_Hadid_Architects "Zaha Hadid Architects") was awarded the project, which would replace the old stadium with [a new 80,000-seat stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium"). There was criticism of Hadid's design—which was compared to a [bicycle helmet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_helmet "Bicycle helmet") and regarded as clashing with the surrounding [Meiji Shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Shrine "Meiji Shrine")—and widespread disapproval of the costs, even with attempts to revise and "optimize" the design.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-109)
In June 2015, the government announced plans to reduce the new stadium's permanent capacity to 65,000 in its athletics configuration (although with the option to add up to 15,000 temporary seats for football) as a further cost-saving measure.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-110)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-111) The original plan to build a retractable roof was also abandoned.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-112) At the end of 2015, in response to public opposition to the increasing costs of the new stadium (which had reached ¥252 billion), the government chose to reject Hadid's design entirely and selected a new design by Japanese architect [Kengo Kuma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kengo_Kuma "Kengo Kuma"). Inspired by traditional temples and with a lower profile, Kuma's design had a budget of ¥149 billion. The changes meant the new stadium could not be completed in time for the [2019 Rugby World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup "2019 Rugby World Cup") as originally intended.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-113) The National Stadium, which was inaugurated on December 21, 2019, was named the Olympic Stadium for the duration of the Tokyo Games.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-114)
In October 2018, the [Board of Audit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Audit_\(Japan\) "Board of Audit (Japan)") issued a report stating that the total cost of the Olympic venues could exceed US\$25 billion.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-115)
Of the 33 competition venues in Tokyo, 28 were within 8 kilometers (5 miles) of the Olympic Village, with eleven new venues to be constructed.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-116) On October 16, 2019, the IOC announced plans to re-locate the marathon and racewalking events to [Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo "Sapporo") for heat concerns.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-117) The plans were made official on November 1, 2019, after Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike accepted the IOC's decision, despite her belief that the events should have remained in Tokyo.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WP110119-118)
In general, as urban studies scholar Faure notes, "The Tokyo 2020–2021 Games had a relatively moderate impact on the city, compared to previous cases such as Rio and Sochi, or cases in which a major Olympic park was built in Barcelona in 1992, and in Beijing in 2008. The transport infrastructure has been marginally improved by facilitating access for people with mobility constraints and improving signage in other languages. Haneda Airport has been expanded, and a hydrogen-powered bus rapid transit system has been introduced. Several sports and event facilities were built, including the new Olympic Stadium. Finally, the Olympic Village has been built on the Harumi landfill."[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-119)
### Security
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Security")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympics_in_Ariake,_police_watching_on_top_of_industrial_building_in_front_of_tennis_center_court.jpg)
Police patrolling and watching from a rooftop near the tennis venue
In December 2018, the Japanese government chose to ban drones from flying over venues being used for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. A similar ban was also imposed for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which Japan also hosted.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-120) In January 2020, counterterrorism drills began in different parts where the Games would take place, after intelligence data showed that terrorist groups could have carried out an attack to seek worldwide attention.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-121) In July 2021, prior to the start of the Games, the [Japan Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Coast_Guard "Japan Coast Guard") conducted [counterterrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterterrorism "Counterterrorism") drills in the [Tokyo Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bay "Tokyo Bay"). The drill consisted of two [inflatable boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflatable_boat "Inflatable boat") trying to stop a suspicious ship from getting to shore.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-122)
### Volunteers
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Volunteers")\]
Applications for volunteering at the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were accepted beginning on September 26, 2018. By January 18, 2019, a total of 204,680 applications had been received by the Tokyo Organizing Committee.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-123) Interviews to select the requisite number of volunteers began in February 2019, with training scheduled to take place in October 2019.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-124) Volunteers at the venues were to be known as "Field Cast", and volunteers in the city were to be known as "City Cast". These names were chosen from a [shortlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_list "Short list") of four from an original 150 pairs of names; the other three shortlisted names were "Shining Blue" and "Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor" and "City Anchor", and "Games Force" and "City Force". The names were chosen by people who had applied to be volunteers at the Games.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-125)
As of early June 2021, approximately 10,000 out of the 80,000 registered volunteers resigned from the Games. Media attributed the rise in pandemic cases as the reason for massive quitting.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-126) More volunteer assignments were expected to be cancelled due to the spectator ban.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-127)
### Medals
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Medals")\]
Further information: [Olympic medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal "Olympic medal")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mykhailo_Romanchuk_on_the_podium_at_Tokyo_2020.jpg)
Due to COVID-19 protocols, the medals were presented to the athletes on a tray and each athlete was asked to put on their own medal, rather than have it placed around their neck by a dignitary.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-128)
In February 2017, the Tokyo Organizing Committee announced an [electronics recycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_recycling "Electronics recycling") program in partnership with Japan Environmental Sanitation Center and [NTT Docomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT_Docomo "NTT Docomo"), soliciting donations of electronics, such as mobile phones, to be reclaimed as materials for the medals. Aiming to collect eight tonnes of metals to produce the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, collection boxes were deployed at public locations and NTT Docomo retail shops in April 2017.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-129)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-130) A design competition for the medals was launched in December of that year.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-131)
In May 2018, the organizing committee reported that they had obtained half the required 2,700 kilograms of bronze but were struggling to obtain the required amount of silver; although bronze and silver medals purely utilize their respective materials, IOC requirements mandate that gold medals utilize silver as a base.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-132) The collection of bronze was completed in November 2018, with the remainder estimated to have been completed by March 2019.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-133)
On July 24, 2019 (one year ahead of the originally scheduled opening ceremony), the designs of the medals were unveiled.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-134)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-TOCOG_medal_design-135) The medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games were designed by Junichi Kawanishi following a nationwide competition.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-136) A new feature shared with the [Paralympic medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics#Medals "2020 Summer Paralympics") is that the ribbons contain one, two, or three [silicone convex lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_graphic "Tactile graphic") to distinguish gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-TOCOG_medal_design-135)
**Medals used in the games**
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_bronze_medal\(2\).jpg) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_silver_medal_-_Tokyo_2021,_side_B_\(cropped\).jpg) | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_gold_medal_\(2\).jpg) |
| Bronze medal | Silver medal | Gold medal |
### Torch relay
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Torch relay")\]
Main article: [2020 Summer Olympics torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay "2020 Summer Olympics torch relay")
The slogan of the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay was "Hope Lights Our Way".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC2020_Torch_Relay-137)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Torch_Relay-138)
As determined by a 2009 IOC ruling that banned international torch relays for any future Olympic Games,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-139) the 2020 Summer Olympics torch was scheduled to only visit two countries: Greece and host nation Japan. The first phase of the relay began on March 12, 2020, with the traditional flame lighting ceremony at the [Temple of Hera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia "Temple of Hera, Olympia") in [Olympia, Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia,_Greece "Olympia, Greece"). The torch then travelled to [Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens "Athens"), where the Greek leg of the relay culminated in a handover ceremony at the [Panathenaic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium "Panathenaic Stadium") on March 19, during which the torch was transferred to the Japanese contingent.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC2020_Torch_Relay-137) The flame was placed inside a special lantern and transported from [Athens International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens_International_Airport "Athens International Airport") on a chartered flight to [Higashimatsushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashimatsushima "Higashimatsushima") in Japan. The torch was then expected to begin the second phase of its journey on March 20, as it traveled for one week around the three most affected areas of the [2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami")—[Miyagi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture "Miyagi Prefecture"), [Iwate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture "Iwate Prefecture") and [Fukushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture "Fukushima Prefecture")—where it would go on display under the heading "Flame of Recovery". After leaving [Naraha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraha,_Fukushima "Naraha, Fukushima") on March 26, the torch would commence its main relay around Japan, incorporating all 47 [prefectural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan "Prefectures of Japan") capitals.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Torch_Relay-138)
After the decision to postpone the Games, the torch was placed again in a special lantern on display in the city of Fukushima for a month. Then, the lantern was transferred to the Tokyo prefecture, where it was kept safe until the restart of the relay in 2021.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-140) On July 23, 2020 (one year ahead of the rescheduled opening ceremony), a promotional video was released featuring Japanese swimmer [Rikako Ikee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikako_Ikee "Rikako Ikee") carrying the lantern inside Japan National Stadium, drawing comparisons between emergence from the pandemic and her own return to sport after being diagnosed with [leukemia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia "Leukemia").[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-141) On August 20, 2020, it was announced that the torch relay would begin again in Naraha, Fukushima on March 25, 2021, nearly a year later than originally planned.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Olympic_Flame_exhibit-142)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-143)
The final course of the relay was altered due to concerns regarding public health concerns about gatherings along the route (e.g., the Miyakojima leg was canceled), and the relay was held without spectators due to states of emergency in some regions (e.g., Matsuyama, Hiroshima, Hyōgo, and Okayama).[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-144) The relay ended at Tokyo's [National Stadium (Olympic Stadium)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") on July 23, with tennis player [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka") lighting the Olympic cauldron at the finale of the [opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony").[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-145) The cauldron lit in the Olympic Stadium was only used during the opening and closing ceremonies: a separate cauldron was lit on the Tokyo waterfront for public view at the [Yume No Ohashi Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Bridge "Dream Bridge") in [Odaiba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaiba "Odaiba"), making it only the second time in Olympic history where the cauldron was not displayed in the athletics stadium, the other time being in 2016.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-146)
### Biosecurity protocols
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Biosecurity protocols")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympics_in_Ariake,_tennis_center_court_entrance_2.jpg)
Temperature check and COVID-19 countermeasures at the tennis venue
In February 2021, the IOC began releasing "playbooks" containing details on planned COVID-19 [biosecurity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosecurity "Biosecurity") protocols for athletes, officials, the press, and other staff, including standard protocols such as practicing [social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing"), hygiene, wearing face masks (outside of training and competition for athletes), and being restricted from visiting bars, restaurants, shops, and other tourist areas around [Greater Tokyo Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area "Greater Tokyo Area"), or using public transport unless otherwise permitted. Participants would be asked to use Japan's COCOA [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") app and would be tested at least every four days. Athletes who tested positive would be unable to compete and could be quarantined at a government facility (although leeway would be given in the event of false positives). Close contacts would also need to test negative to be cleared for competition. Athletes would be discouraged from "excessive" celebrations because the actions could spread infected droplets.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-147)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-148)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) The playbooks were criticized in a paper published by *[The New England Journal of Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine "The New England Journal of Medicine")* in May 2021, for lacking "scientifically rigorous risk assessment" and failing to "distinguish the various levels of risk faced by athletes". The playbook stated that athletes were required to arrive up to five days prior to the start of the competition and to leave within 48 hours of being eliminated from their sport or the conclusion of the competitions.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-150)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-151)
The IOC recommended the [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination "Vaccination") of athletes against COVID-19 if [vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") were available to them, but this was not a prerequisite for participation and the IOC advised against athletes "jumping the queue" to obtain priority over essential populations.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-152) On March 12, 2021, Thomas Bach announced that in nations where they were approved for use, the [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee") had offered to cover the costs of the Chinese [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") and the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") for athletes competing in the 2020 Summer Olympics and [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics"), and would purchase two doses for their nation's general public for each vaccinated athlete.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-153) On May 6, 2021, [Pfizer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer "Pfizer") announced it would donate doses of [its vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") to NOCs competing in Tokyo.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-154)
Approximately 93,000 athletes and officials were exempt from the quarantine rules upon arriving in Japan, provided they remained in areas separated from the local population. With around 300,000 local staff and volunteers entering and exiting these bubbles, and 20,000 vaccine doses allocated for this group, this led to concerns of COVID-19 spreading both during the Games and when teams returned to their countries.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-155)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-156)
Due to international travel restrictions, the organizing committee announced in March 2021 that no international guests (including spectators, and friends and family members of the athletes) would be allowed to attend the Games. As per existing guidance for spectator sports in Japan, spectators would be asked to refrain from cheering or shouting.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) On June 19, 2021, Governor Koike announced that plans for public viewing events for the Games had been scrapped, in order to use the planned venues (such as [Yoyogi Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoyogi_Park "Yoyogi Park")) as mass vaccination sites instead.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-157) On June 21, it was announced that all venues would be capped at a maximum of 10,000 ticketed spectators or 50% capacity, whichever was lower.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-158)
On July 2, 2021, the new TOCOG president Seiko Hashimoto warned that there was still a possibility of the Games being held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") because of rising COVID-19 cases in the country.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-159)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-160) Japan's slow vaccination rate was of particular concern.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162) A simulation run by the [University of Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyo "University of Tokyo") in May 2021 projected that a new wave of infections could peak in mid-October if the Games went on after the existing state of emergency in Tokyo had expired.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-163)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-164)
On July 8, 2021, after Tokyo had recorded 920 new COVID-19 cases (its highest increase since May), Prime Minister Suga declared a new state of emergency in the Tokyo area from July 12 through August 22 (ending only two days before the Paralympics' opening ceremony), and announced that all events at venues in the area would therefore be held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted. Hashimoto stated that "it is extremely regrettable that the Games will be staged in a very limited manner in the face of the spread of novel coronavirus infections." IOC President Thomas Bach stated that "we will support any measure which is necessary to have a safe and secure Olympic and Paralympic Games for the Japanese people and all the participants."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:4-165)
The announcement stated that spectators would still be allowed at events being held outside of Tokyo, subject to the approval by local health authorities and the aforementioned 50%/10,000-spectator limit. The [prefectures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan "Prefectures of Japan") of [Fukushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture "Fukushima Prefecture"), [Hokkaido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido "Hokkaido"), and [Ibaraki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture "Ibaraki Prefecture") announced they would prohibit spectators at events held in the areas.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-166) The opening ceremony was expected to be limited to fewer than 1,000 VIP guests, including IOC representatives and dignitaries,[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:3-167) while some events did allow members of other competing delegations to occupy spectator seats as well.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-168) School students were invited to watch football matches in Ibaraki.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-169)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-170)
On July 16, it was reported that Bach had asked Prime Minister Suga about the possibility of restrictions on spectators being eased later on if COVID-19 conditions were to improve in Tokyo.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:3-167) However, on August 2, Suga announced that all existing state of emergency declarations would be extended through August 31, and be extended to Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and parts of Osaka.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-171)
### Ticketing
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Ticketing")\]
The opening ceremony tickets were expected to range from ¥12,000 to ¥300,000, with a maximum price of ¥130,000 for the finals of the athletics [track and field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_and_field "Track and field") events.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2020-172) The average ticket price was ¥7,700, with half the tickets being sold for up to ¥8,000. A symbolic ticket price of ¥2,020 was expected for families, groups resident in Japan, and in conjunction with a school program.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2020-172) Tickets would be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan and by mail order to Japanese addresses through the internet.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-173) International guests, had they been allowed, would have needed to visit Japan during the sales period, or arrange to buy tickets through a third party such as a [travel agent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_agent "Travel agent").[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-174)
Tickets went on general sale in Japan in the autumn of 2019 and were expected to be sold globally from June 2020; however, this plan was suspended when the Games were postponed on March 24, 2020. The Tokyo Organizing Committee confirmed that tickets already purchased would remain valid for the same sessions according to the new schedule and that refunds were also being offered.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2021-175)
On March 20, 2021, it was announced that due to COVID-19-related concerns, no international guests would be allowed to attend the 2020 Olympics or Paralympics. This included spectators, as well as the friends and family of athletes. All overseas ticketholders would be refunded.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) Hashimoto cited uncertainties surrounding international [travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic"), and goals to preserve the safety of all participants and spectators, and not place a burden on the [health care system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan "Health care system in Japan").[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) It was ultimately announced in July that all local spectators were not allowed to attend any events held in Tokyo, Fukushima, and Hokkaido.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:4-165)
### Cultural festival
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Cultural festival")\]
A cultural program known as Nippon Festival was scheduled to coincide with the Olympics and Paralympics, running from April to September 2021 as a series of streaming events held by the Tokyo Organizing Committee and other partners. The events reflected the themes of "Participation and Interaction", "Towards the Realization of an Inclusive Society", and "Reconstruction of the Tohoku Region". The program was either downsized or reformatted to [virtual format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_event "Virtual event") due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the Games.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-176) One of these events was a concert held on July 18, which featured J-rock band [Wanima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanima "Wanima"), choreography by dancers Aio Yamada and Tuki Takamura, and the presentation of animated "creatures" based on illustrations "embodying the thoughts and emotions of people from across the world".[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-177)
The original plans for Nippon Festival included events such as *[Kabuki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki "Kabuki") x [Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan "Theatre of Japan")* (a concert that would have featured stage actor [Ichikawa Ebizō XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichikawa_Ebiz%C5%8D_XI "Ichikawa Ebizō XI"), opera singers Anna Pirozzi and [Erwin Schrott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrott "Erwin Schrott"), and the [Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Philharmonic_Orchestra "Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra")), an arts and culture festival focusing on disabilities,[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-178)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-179)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-180)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-181) and a special two-day exhibition [sumo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo "Sumo") tournament at the [Ryōgoku Kokugikan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dgoku_Kokugikan "Ryōgoku Kokugikan") shortly after the Olympics—which would have differed significantly from the traditional bi-monthly *[Honbasho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honbasho "Honbasho")* tournaments, and featured special commentary in English and Japanese to help explain to spectators the customs and traditions of professional sumo, which are deeply rooted in the [Shinto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto "Shinto") religion.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-182)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-183)
## The Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: The Games")\]
### Opening ceremony
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Opening ceremony")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drones_durante_a_abertura_das_Olimp%C3%ADadas_de_T%C3%B3quio.jpg)
A scene from the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Stadium, with [drones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle "Unmanned aerial vehicle") flying around and creating the official logo of the Games
Main article: [2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony")
The opening ceremony was held on July 23, 2021, in the [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") in Tokyo. It included the traditional [Parade of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_Parade_of_Nations "2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations"). Emperor [Naruhito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruhito "Naruhito") formally opened the Games, and at the end of the [torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay "2020 Summer Olympics torch relay"), the Olympic cauldron was lit by Japanese tennis player [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka").[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-ingle-184)
For the first time in the history of Olympic Games, it was decided that one male and one female from each country would take turns holding flags and serve as two of them.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-185) This was done by embodying the "Agenda 2020" set during President Bach's term.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-186)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-187)
A moment of silence was observed in the opening ceremony for the victims of [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the [2011 earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami"), and the [Munich massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre "Munich massacre").[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-188)
### Sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Sports")\]
See also: [Olympic sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg)
[Nippon Budokan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Budokan "Nippon Budokan")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_Ariake_Arena.jpg)
[Ariake Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Arena "Ariake Arena")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre.jpg)
[Ariake Gymnastics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre "Ariake Gymnastics Centre")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_Aquatics_Centre.jpg)
[Tokyo Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Aquatics_Centre "Tokyo Aquatics Centre")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kokuritsu_Yoyogi_Ky%C5%8Dgij%C5%8D_1.jpg)
[Yoyogi Gymnasium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium "Yoyogi National Gymnasium")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saitama_Super_Arena_02.jpg)
[Saitama Super Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Super_Arena "Saitama Super Arena")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ryogoku_Kokugikan-1a.jpg)
[Ryogoku Kokugikan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryogoku_Kokugikan "Ryogoku Kokugikan")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Fuji_from_Osaki_Park_\(Zushi\).jpg)
[Enoshima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoshima "Enoshima") Yacht Harbor, Kanagawa
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%87%A3%E3%83%B6%E5%B4%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E6%9C%9B%E3%82%80%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%AA%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85.jpg)
Tsurigasaki Beach, Chiba
The event program for the Games was approved by the IOC executive board on June 9, 2017. IOC president Thomas Bach stated that their goal was to give the Games "youthful" and "urban" appeal, and to increase the number of female participants.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-cbc-3on32020-189)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-mixedgender2020-190)
The Games featured 339 medal events in 33 different sports, encompassing a total of 51 disciplines. [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate "Karate"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing "Sport climbing"), [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing "Surfing"), and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding "Skateboarding") made their Olympic debut, while baseball and softball also made a one-off return to the Summer Olympics for the first time since 2008. 15 new events within existing sports were also added, including [3×3 basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3x3_basketball "3x3 basketball"), [freestyle BMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_BMX "Freestyle BMX"), and the return of [madison cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_\(cycling\) "Madison (cycling)"), as well as nine new mixed events in several sports (table tennis, archery, judo, shooting (3), triathlon, 4 × 400 m relay running, and 4 × 100 m medley swimming).[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:7-191)
In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:7-191)
| 2020 Summer Olympic Sports program | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| | | | |
| Aquatics  [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Marathon swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marathon swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (35)  [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (48)  [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5) Baseball  [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (1)  [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (1)  [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Basketball (2) 3×3 basketball (2) |  [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Slalom (4) Sprint (12)  [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") BMX freestyle (2) BMX racing (2) Mountain biking (2) Road cycling (4) Track cycling (12)  [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2)  [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2) |  [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Artistic (14) Rhythmic (2) Trampoline (2)  [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Kata (2) Kumite (6)  [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10) |  [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Volleyball (2) Beach volleyball (2)  [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Freestyle (12) Greco-Roman (6) |
#### New and Optional sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: New and Optional sports")\]
On February 12, 2013, with a remit to control the cost of the Games and ensure they were "relevant to sports fans of all generations", the IOC Executive Board recommended the removal of one of the 26 sports contested at the [2012 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics"), leaving a vacancy the IOC would seek to fill at the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session"). The new entrant would join golf and rugby sevens (which would both debut in [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics")) as part of the program of 28 "core" sports. Five sports were shortlisted for removal, including canoe, field hockey, modern pentathlon, taekwondo, and wrestling. In the final round of voting by the executive board, eight members voted to remove wrestling from the Olympic program. Field hockey and taekwondo tied in second with three votes each.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-192)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-193)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-194)
The 2013 decision to drop wrestling after Rio 2016 surprised many media outlets, given that the sport's role in the Olympics dates back to the [ancient Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games "Ancient Olympic Games"), and was included in the original program for the modern Games. *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* felt that the decision was based on the shortage of well-known talent and the absence of women's events in the sport.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-wp-dropped-195)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-196)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-nowrestling-197) Out of the shortlist from the IOC vote, wrestling was duly added to the shortlist of applicants for inclusion in the 2020 Games, alongside the seven new sports put forward for consideration.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-wp-dropped-195)
On May 29, 2013, it was announced that three of the eight sports under consideration had made the final shortlist: [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball "Baseball")/[softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball "Softball"), [squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_\(sport\) "Squash (sport)"), and wrestling.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-198) The other five sports were rejected at this point: [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate "Karate"), [roller sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_sport "Roller sport"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing "Sport climbing"), [wakeboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakeboarding "Wakeboarding"), and [wushu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wushu_\(sport\) "Wushu (sport)").[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-199) At the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") on September 8, 2013, wrestling was chosen to be included in the Olympic program for 2020 and [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics"). Wrestling secured 49 votes, while baseball/softball and squash received 24 votes and 22 votes, respectively.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-200)
With the adoption of the *Olympic Agenda 2020* in December 2014, the IOC shifted from a "sport-based" approach to the Olympic program to an "event-based" program—establishing that organizing committees may propose discretionary events to be included in the program to improve local interest.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-201)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-202) As a result of these changes, a shortlist of eight new proposed sports was unveiled on June 22, 2015, consisting of baseball/softball, [bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling "Bowling"), karate, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing "Surfing"), and wushu.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-203) On September 28, 2015, the Tokyo Organizing Committee submitted their shortlist of five proposed sports to the IOC: baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding "Skateboarding").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-fivenew-204) These five new sports were approved on August 3, 2016, by the IOC during the 129th IOC Session in [Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro "Rio de Janeiro"), Brazil, and were included in the sports program for 2020 only, bringing the total number of sports at the 2020 Olympics to 33.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-205)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-206)
### Test events
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Test events")\]
A total of 56 test events were scheduled to take place in the run-up to the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. Two of the events were held in late 2018, but the main test event schedule commenced in June 2019 and was originally due to be completed in May 2020 prior to the start of the Olympics. Several of the events were incorporated into pre-existing championships, but some had been newly created specifically to serve as Olympic test events for the 2020 Summer Games.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-207)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-208)
In February 2019, it was announced that the test events would be branded under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". The Tokyo Organizing Committee was responsible for 22 of the test events, with the remaining events being arranged by national and international sports federations. The first test event was World Sailing's [World Cup Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_World_Cup "Sailing World Cup"), held at [Enoshima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoshima "Enoshima") in September 2018. The last scheduled event was the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet, which was originally due to take place at the [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") on May 6, 2020.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-209)
All test events originally scheduled to take place from March 12, 2020 onwards were postponed due to COVID-19, with the test event calendar to be reviewed during the preparations for the rescheduled Games.[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-210)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Test_Event_Calendar-211)
## Participating National Olympic Committees
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees")\]
See also: [2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_Parade_of_Nations "2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations")
The Republic of Macedonia has competed under the provisional name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" in every Summer and Winter Games since its debut in [1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics "1996 Summer Olympics") because of the [disputed status of its official name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute "Macedonia naming dispute"). The naming disputes with Greece ended in 2018 with the signing of the [Prespa agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prespa_agreement "Prespa agreement"), and the country was officially renamed [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia "North Macedonia") in February 2019. The new name was immediately recognized by the IOC, although the Olympic Committee of North Macedonia (NMOC) was not officially adopted until February 2020. The NMOC sent a delegation to the [2020 Winter Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics") in January 2020, but the Tokyo Games were North Macedonia's first appearance at the Summer Olympics under its new name.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-212)
Since competing as Swaziland ten times at the Summer and Winter Olympics, [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini") made its debut under that name after the renaming of the country by the [king](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwenyama "Ngwenyama") in 2018.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-213)
On December 9, 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with laboratory data it had provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the [Russian Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anti-Doping_Agency "Russian Anti-Doping Agency") being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared [Russian athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they would be excluded from team sports. The head of WADA's Compliance Review Committee, Jonathan Taylor, stated that the IOC would not be able to use the "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) designation [as it did in 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"), emphasizing that neutral athletes could not be portrayed as representing a specific country.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-214)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-215)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-216) Russia later filed an appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") (CAS) against WADA's decision.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-217) After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 that the penalty placed on Russia be reduced. Instead of a total ban from all sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but the team would not be permitted to use the Russian name, flag, or anthem for a period of two years and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for "Russia" to be displayed on the team uniform—although it should be no more visible than the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation—as well as the use of the Russian flag's colors within the uniform's design.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-218)
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. The ROC team would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-219)
On April 6, 2021, [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") announced it would not participate in the 2020 Summer Olympics because of COVID-19 concerns.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-220) This marked North Korea's first absence from the Summer Olympics since [1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics "1988 Summer Olympics").[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-221) In September, a month after the games concluded, the [Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea "Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea") was banned from participation in the 2022 Winter Olympics, after they failed to participate in the Tokyo Olympics. On July 21, 2021, [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea "Guinea") announced it would not be sending a delegation to the Tokyo Olympics, allegedly due to COVID-19 concerns, though media outlets suggested financial considerations may have been the real motivating factor.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-222) Guinea later reversed the decision and confirmed it would be participating.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-223)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.svg)
Participating nations
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympics_team_numbers.svg)
Country by team size
The following 206 teams qualified (including the 104 [universality places guaranteed in athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification"), under which all 206 NOCs may send competitors regardless of qualification).[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-224)
| [Participating National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Category:Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
|---|
|  [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Albania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (38)  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Andorra at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Angola at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (20)  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Antigua and Barbuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (185)  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Armenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (17)  [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (479)  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (73)  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahamas at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahrain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bangladesh at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Barbados at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (103)  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (123)  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belize at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Benin at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bhutan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Botswana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (310)  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brunei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (42)  [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cambodia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cameroon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (378)  [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cape Verde at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Central African Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chad at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (51)  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (410)  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Colombia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (70)  [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Comoros at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cook Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Costa Rica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (60)  [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (70)  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (109)  [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Denmark at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (104)  [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Djibouti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominican Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (65)  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (46)  [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (137)  [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "El Salvador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equatorial Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Estonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (33)  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eswatini at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ethiopia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (36)  [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Federated States of Micronesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (45)  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (380)  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gabon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "The Gambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (33)  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (392)  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (375)  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (83)  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Grenada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guatemala at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (24)  [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea-Bissau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guyana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Honduras at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (23)  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (43)  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (172)  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iceland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "India at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (120)  [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Indonesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (28)  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (65)  [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iraq at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ireland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (120)  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (89)  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (384)  [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ivory Coast at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (26)  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (54)  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (556) **(host)**  [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jordan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (97)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-225)  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kenya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (85)  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kiribati at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (16)  [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Laos at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liberia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Libya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (42)  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malawi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (30)  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mali at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malta at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (160)  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Moldova at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (20)  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Monaco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (43)  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (34)  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Morocco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mozambique at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Myanmar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Namibia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nauru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nepal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (267)  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (215)  [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Niger at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (53)  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Norway at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (93)  [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Oman at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palestine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Panama at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Papua New Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Paraguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Peru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (35)  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (19)  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (206)  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Portugal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (92)  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (37)  [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Refugee Olympic Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (29)  [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (334) [\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-226)  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Romania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (102)  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rwanda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Lucia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (31)  [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Senegal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Serbia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (87)  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Seychelles at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sierra Leone at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Singapore at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (23)  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (41)  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (53)  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Solomon Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Somalia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (177)  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Korea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (235)  [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Spain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (328)  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sri Lanka at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Suriname at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sweden at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (133)  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (113)  [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Syria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (68)  [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tajikistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tanzania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (41)  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Togo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tonga at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (25)  [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (63)  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (105)  [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (25)  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (149)  [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United Arab Emirates at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (615)  [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uruguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (67)  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vanuatu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Venezuela at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (18)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Yemen at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (27)  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zimbabwe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5) |
### Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee")\]
There were 11,420 [athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlete "Athlete") from 206 [NOCs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee"):[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-227)
| [Ranking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking "Ranking") | [NOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") | [Athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletes "Athletes") |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 615 |
| 2 |  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") **(Host)** | 556 |
| 3 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 478 |
| 4 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 425 |
| 5 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 406 |
| 6 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 398 |
| 7 |  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 384 |
| 8 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 381 |
| 9 |  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 376 |
| 10 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 335 |
| 11 |  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Spain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 321 |
| 12 |  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 302 |
| 13 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 278 |
| 14 |  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Korea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 237 |
| 15 |  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 211 |
| 16 |  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 210 |
| 17 |  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 189 |
| 18 |  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 177 |
| 19 |  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 166 |
| 20 |  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 162 |
| 21 |  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 155 |
| 22 |  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sweden at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 134 |
| 23 |  [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 133 |
| 24 |  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "India at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 122 |
| 25 |  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 121 |
| 26 |  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ireland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 116 |
| 27 |  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 115 |
| 28 |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 108 |
| 29 |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 107 |
| 30 |  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Denmark at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 107 |
| 31 |  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 103 |
| 32 |  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Romania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 101 |
| 33 |  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 93 |
| 34 |  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Portugal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 92 |
| 35 |  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 90 |
| 36 |  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Serbia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 86 |
| 37 |  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kenya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 85 |
| 38 |  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 83 |
| 39 |  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Norway at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 75 |
| 40 |  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Colombia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 70 |
| 41 |  [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 70 |
| 42 |  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 68 |
| 43 |  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 66 |
| 44 |  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 65 |
| 45 |  [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominican Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 62 |
| 46 |  [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 62 |
| 47 |  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 60 |
| 48 |  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 60 |
| 49 |  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 59 |
| 50 |  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 58 |
| 51 |  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 53 |
| 52 |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 50 |
| 53 |  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Morocco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 50 |
| 54 |  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 48 |
| 55 |  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 46 |
| 56 |  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 45 |
| 57 |  [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 58 |  [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Venezuela at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 59 |  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 60 |  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 43 |
| 61 |  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 62 |  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 63 |  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 64 |  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 41 |
| 65 |  [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ethiopia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 38 |
| 66 |  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 37 |
| 67 |  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 35 |
| 68 |  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Peru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 35 |
| 69 |  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 34 |
| 70 |  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 33 |
| 71 |  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Estonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 33 |
| 72 |  [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahrain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 32 |
| 73 |  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 30 |
| 74 |  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 30 |
| 75 |  [Refugee Olympic Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 29 |
| 76 |  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 29 |
| 77 |  [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Indonesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 28 |
| 78 |  [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ivory Coast at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 28 |
| 79 |  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 26 |
| 80 |  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 25 |
| 81 |  [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guatemala at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 24 |
| 82 |  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Singapore at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 23 |
| 83 |  [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Honduras at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 22 |
| 84 |  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 22 |
| 85 |  [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Angola at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 20 |
| 86 |  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Moldova at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 20 |
| 87 |  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 19 |
| 88 |  [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 18 |
| 89 |  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Armenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 17 |
| 90 |  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahamas at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 91 |  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 92 |  [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 93 |  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 15 |
| 94 |  [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Costa Rica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 95 |  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 96 |  [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jordan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 97 |  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Botswana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 13 |
| 98 |  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 13 |
| 99 |  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cameroon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 12 |
| 100 |  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 12 |
| 101 |  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 102 |  [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 103 |  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Namibia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 104 |  [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tajikistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 105 |  [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uruguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 106 |  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mozambique at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 107 |  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 108 |  [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Panama at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 109 |  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Albania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 110 |  [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Senegal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 111 |  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sri Lanka at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 112 |  [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 113 |  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Barbados at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 114 |  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 115 |  [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 116 |  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 117 |  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Papua New Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 118 |  [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Paraguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 119 |  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 120 |  [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Benin at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 121 |  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 122 |  [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 123 |  [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 124 |  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guyana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 125 |  [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Niger at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 126 |  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 127 |  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Antigua and Barbuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 128 |  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bangladesh at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 129 |  [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 130 |  [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cape Verde at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 131 |  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cook Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 132 |  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Grenada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 133 |  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 134 |  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 135 |  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 136 |  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malta at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 137 |  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Monaco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 138 |  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rwanda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 139 |  [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Syria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 140 |  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tonga at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 141 |  [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 142 |  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 143 |  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 144 |  [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "El Salvador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 145 |  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gabon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 146 |  [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 147 |  [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 148 |  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 149 |  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malawi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 150 |  [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nepal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 151 |  [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Oman at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 152 |  [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palestine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 153 |  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Lucia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 154 |  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 155 |  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Seychelles at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 156 |  [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 157 |  [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United Arab Emirates at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 158 |  [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Yemen at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 159 |  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zimbabwe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 160 |  [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bhutan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 161 |  [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Djibouti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 162 |  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eswatini at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 163 |  [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "The Gambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 164 |  [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea-Bissau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 165 |  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iceland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 166 |  [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iraq at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 167 |  [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Laos at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 168 |  [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Libya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 169 |  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 170 |  [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mali at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 171 |  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sierra Leone at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 172 |  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Togo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 173 |  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 174 |  [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 175 |  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belize at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 176 |  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 177 |  [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cambodia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 178 |  [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chad at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 179 |  [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Comoros at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 180 |  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 181 |  [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equatorial Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 182 |  [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Federated States of Micronesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 183 |  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kiribati at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 184 |  [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liberia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 185 |  [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Myanmar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 186 |  [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 187 |  [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 188 |  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 189 |  [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 190 |  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Solomon Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 191 |  [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Suriname at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 192 |  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tanzania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 193 |  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vanuatu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 194 |  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Andorra at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 195 |  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 196 |  [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brunei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 197 |  [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Central African Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 198 |  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 199 |  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 200 |  [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 201 |  [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 202 |  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nauru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 203 |  [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Somalia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 204 |  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 205 |  [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 206 |  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| Total | 11,483 | |
## Calendar
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Calendar")\]
See also: [Chronological summary of the 2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2020 Summer Olympics")
The 2020 schedule by session was approved by the IOC Executive Board on 18 July 2018, with the exception of swimming, diving, and artistic swimming. A more detailed schedule by event was released on 16 April 2019, still omitting a detailed schedule for the boxing events.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-228)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-229) A detailed boxing schedule was released in late 2019.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-230)
The original schedule was from 22 July to 9 August 2020. To postpone the Olympics until 2021, all events were delayed by 364 days (one day less than a full year to preserve the same days of the week), giving a new schedule of 21 July to 8 August 2021.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-231)
*All times and dates use [Japan Standard Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time "Japan Standard Time") ([UTC+9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B9 "UTC+9"))*
| | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [**OC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | **1** | Gold medal events | [**CC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | Closing ceremony |
| July/August 2021 | July | August | Events | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 31st Sat | 1st Sun | 2nd Mon | 3rd Tue | 4th Wed | 5th Thu | 6th Fri | 7th Sat | 8th Sun | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Rings_Icon.svg) Ceremonies | | | [**OC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [**CC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | —N/a | |
| Aquatics | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synchronized_swimming_pictogram.svg) [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | | ● | **1** | | **49** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diving_pictogram.svg) [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **●** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open_water_swimming_pictogram.svg) [Marathon swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swimming_pictogram.svg) [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | **4** | **4** | **4** | **5** | **5** | **4** | **4** | **5** | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_polo_pictogram.svg) [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archery_pictogram.svg) [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Athletics_pictogram.svg) [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **3** | **4** | **5** | **6** | **5** | **8** | **8** | **7** | **1** | **48** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_pictogram.svg) [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | **2** | | | | | | | **5** | |
| Baseball/Softball | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baseball_pictogram.svg) [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | | **1** | | **1** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Softball_pictogram.svg) [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | ● | ● | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | |
| [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basketball_pictogram.svg) Basketball | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3x3_basketball_pictogram.svg) 3×3 Basketball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boxing_pictogram.svg) [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **4** | **4** | **13** | |
| [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canoeing_\(slalom\)_pictogram.svg) Slalom | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | **16** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canoeing_\(flatwater\)_pictogram.svg) Sprint | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **4** | ● | **4** | ● | **4** | | | |
| [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(road\)_pictogram.svg) Road cycling | | | | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | **22** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(track\)_pictogram.svg) Track cycling | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **2** | **1** | **3** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(BMX\)_pictogram.svg) BMX | | | | | | | | | ● | **2** | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(mountain_biking\)_pictogram.svg) Mountain biking | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Equestrian_pictogram.svg) [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | | **1** | **1** | | ● | ● | ● | **2** | ● | **1** | | ● | **1** | | **6** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fencing_pictogram.svg) [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | **12** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Field_hockey_pictogram.svg) [Field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Football_pictogram.svg) [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | **1** | **1** | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golf_pictogram.svg) [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | **2** | |
| [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(artistic\)_pictogram.svg) Artistic | | | | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **4** | **3** | **3** | | | | | | **18** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(rhythmic\)_pictogram.svg) Rhythmic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(trampoline\)_pictogram.svg) Trampolining | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Handball_pictogram.svg) [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Judo_pictogram.svg) [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **15** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karate_pictogram.svg) [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **3** | **3** | **2** | | **8** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_\(pre-2025\).svg) [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rowing_pictogram.svg) [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | ● | ● | ● | | | **6** | **4** | **4** | | | | | | | | | | **14** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rugby_sevens_pictogram.svg) [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | | | | | | | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg) [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **2** | **2** | | **4** | **2** | | | | | **10** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shooting_pictogram.svg) [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | ● | **2** | **1** | **2** | ● | **2** | | | | | | | **15** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skateboarding_pictogram.svg) [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | **4** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Climbing_pictogram.svg) [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surfing_pictogram.svg) [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | ● | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_tennis_pictogram.svg) [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taekwondo_pictogram.svg) [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **8** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tennis_pictogram.svg) [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **3** | | | | | | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triathlon_pictogram.svg) [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | **1** | | | | | | | | | **3** | |
| [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volleyball_\(beach\)_pictogram.svg) Beach volleyball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volleyball_\(indoor\)_pictogram.svg) Volleyball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg) [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | | | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **1** | | | | | **14** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg) [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | | **18** | |
| Daily medal events | | | | 11 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 17 | 21 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 26 | 17 | 27 | 23 | 34 | 13 | 339 | |
| Cumulative total | | | | 11 | 29 | 50 | 72 | 95 | 112 | 133 | 154 | 179 | 199 | 225 | 242 | 269 | 292 | 326 | 339 | | |
| July/August 2021 | 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 31st Sat | 1st Sun | 2nd Mon | 3rd Tue | 4th Wed | 5th Thu | 6th Fri | 7th Sat | 8th Sun | Total events | |
| July | August | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
## Medal table
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=27 "Edit section: Medal table")\]
See also: [2020 Summer Olympics medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") and [List of 2020 Summer Olympics medal winners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_winners "List of 2020 Summer Olympics medal winners")
\* Host nation ([Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"))
| Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 39 | 41 | 33 | 113 |
| 2 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 38 | 32 | 19 | 89 |
| 3 |  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics")\* | 27 | 14 | 17 | 58 |
| 4 |  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 22 | 20 | 22 | 64 |
| 5 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 20 | 28 | 23 | 71 |
| 6 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 17 | 7 | 22 | 46 |
| 7 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 | 12 | 14 | 36 |
| 8 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 | 12 | 11 | 33 |
| 9 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 | 11 | 16 | 37 |
| 10 |  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
| 11–93 | [Remaining NOCs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table#Medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") | 137 | 151 | 205 | 493 |
| Totals (93 entries) | 340 | 338 | 402 | 1,080 | |
### Podium sweeps
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=28 "Edit section: Podium sweeps")\]
There were two [podium sweeps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podium_sweep "Podium sweep"), as follows:
| Date | Sport | Event | Team | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 July | [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Women's cross-country mountain biking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_cross-country "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country") |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Jolanda Neff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolanda_Neff "Jolanda Neff") | [Sina Frei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Frei "Sina Frei") | [Linda Indergand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Indergand "Linda Indergand") | [\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-233) |
| 31 July | [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Women's 100 metres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_100_metres "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres") |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Elaine Thompson-Herah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Thompson-Herah "Elaine Thompson-Herah") | [Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelly-Ann_Fraser-Pryce "Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce") | [Shericka Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shericka_Jackson "Shericka Jackson") | [\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-234) |
### Medal ceremonies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Medal ceremonies")\]
[Naoki Satō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoki_Sat%C5%8D "Naoki Satō") composed the music for the medal ceremonies. Satō chose not to employ any musical elements distinctive to Japan "because victory ceremonies are for athletes from around the world" and he wanted all medalists to "feel at ease" when taking their places on the podium, regardless of their nationality.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-235)
The bouquets presented to the athletes came from regions affected by the [2011 earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 earthquake and tsunami"). The individual flowers were selected to represent the prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima, Iwate, and Tokyo. The [sunflowers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflowers "Sunflowers") were grown in Miyagi, planted by families whose children had died during the disaster; the white and purple [eustomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustoma "Eustoma") and [Solomon's seals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonatum "Polygonatum") were provided by a non-profit initiative to boost the local economy in Fukushima; the small bright blue [gentians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentian "Gentian") were grown in Iwate; and [aspidistras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidistra "Aspidistra"), grown in Tokyo, were chosen to complete the bouquets.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-236)
### Event scheduling
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: Event scheduling")\]
Per the historical precedent of [swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics") in Beijing and [figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics") in Pyeongchang, swimming finals were held in the morning to allow live [primetime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime "Primetime") broadcasts in the Americas. [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") paid substantial fees for rights to the Olympics, so the IOC has allowed NBC to influence event scheduling to maximize US television ratings when possible. On May 7, 2014, NBC agreed to a US\$7.75 billion contract extension to air the Olympics through the 2032 games,[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-237) with the company being one of the IOC's major sources of revenue.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-238) Japanese broadcasters were said to have criticized the decision, as swimming is one of the most popular Olympic events in the country.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-239)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-240)
## Marketing
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=31 "Edit section: Marketing")\]
Main article: [2020 Summer Olympics marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_marketing "2020 Summer Olympics marketing")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_mascots.svg)
[Miraitowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity") (left), the official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics, and [Someity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity") (right), the official mascot of the [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics")
The official emblems for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on April 25, 2016; designed by Asao Tokolo, who won a nationwide design contest, it takes the form of a ring in an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design was meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-241) The checkered design resembles a pattern called *ichimatsu moyo* that was popular during the [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period") in Japan from 1603 to 1867.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-tokyo2020-emblem-242) The designs replaced a previous emblem that had been scrapped after allegations it [plagiarized the logo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics#Logo_plagiarism "Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics") of the [Théâtre de Liège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Li%C3%A8ge "Théâtre de Liège") in Belgium. The Games' bid slogan was *Discover Tomorrow* ([Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language "Japanese language"): 未来 （ あした ） をつかもう, [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese "Romanization of Japanese"):*Ashita o tsukamō*). While *ashita* literally means "tomorrow", it is [intentionally spelled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana#Other_effects "Furigana") as *mirai*, "future".[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-243) The official slogan *United by Emotion* was unveiled on February 17, 2020. The slogan was used solely in English.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-244)
The official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics was [Miraitowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity"), a figure with blue-checkered *ichimatsu moyo* patterns inspired by the Games' official emblem. Its fictional characteristics include the ability to [teleport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleportation "Teleportation").[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Miraitowa_profile-245) Created by Japanese artist Ryo Taniguchi, the mascots were selected from a competition process which took place in late 2017 and early 2018. A total of 2,042 candidate designs were submitted to the Tokyo Organizing Committee, which selected three pairs of unnamed mascot designs to present to Japanese elementary school students for the final decision.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-246)[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-247) The results of the selection were announced on February 28, 2018, and the mascots were named on July 22, 2018. Miraitowa is named after the Japanese words for "future" and "eternity".[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Miraitowa_profile-245) The mascots were expected to help finance the Tokyo Games through merchandizing and licensing deals.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-248)
Alongside the main *Emblem blue*, five other colors were used in the branding of the 2020 Games: *[Kurenai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson "Crimson") red*, *Ai blue*, *[Sakura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakura "Sakura") pink*, *[Fuji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_wisteria "Japanese wisteria") purple*, and *Matsuba green*. These five [traditional colors of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan "Traditional colors of Japan") were used as sub-colors to create points of difference in the color variations.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-249)
## Concerns and controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Concerns and controversies")\]
Main article: [Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics")
See also: [Belarus 2020 Summer Olympics scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_2020_Summer_Olympics_scandal "Belarus 2020 Summer Olympics scandal")
Several controversial issues occurred during preparations for the Tokyo Games. There were allegations of bribery in the Japanese Olympic Committee's (JOC) bid and of plagiarism in the initial design for the Games' logo. On December 10, 2018, the French financial crimes office began an investigation of [Tsunekazu Takeda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunekazu_Takeda "Tsunekazu Takeda"), the president of the [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Olympic_Committee "Japanese Olympic Committee"), concerning a 2013 scheme to obtain votes from African IOC members in support of Tokyo as host for the 2020 Olympics over Istanbul or Madrid.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-250)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-251) In March 2020, a Japanese businessman admitted to giving gifts, including cameras and watches, to IOC officials to lobby for their support of Tokyo's bid to host the Olympic Games.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-252) The official emblems of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, designed by [Kenjirō Sano](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenjir%C5%8D_Sano&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kenjirō Sano (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E9%87%8E%E7%A0%94%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E "ja:佐野研二郎")\], were unveiled in July 2015 but were withdrawn and replaced following plagiarism accusations.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-253)[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-254) The lawsuit by Olivier Debie, who claimed his logo design was copied, was later dropped, with the designer citing escalating legal costs.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-255)
Mass logging for construction of the Olympic venues received international criticism. Petitions, containing more than 140,000 signatures in total, were delivered to the Japanese embassies in Switzerland and Germany, expressing concerns over claims of using tropical wood sourced from [Shin Yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shin_Yang&action=edit&redlink=1 "Shin Yang (page does not exist)"), a Malaysian company with a record of human rights abuses, illegal logging, and rainforest destruction.[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-256)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-257) In February 2018, the Olympics Organizing Committee admitted that 87% of [plywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywood "Plywood") panels used to build the new national stadium was sourced from endangered rainforests.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-258)
Portions of the Games were scheduled for locations impacted by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent [Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster"). The hosting of events in these locations was promoted as a means of furthering recovery in the regions, with the Games sometimes being promoted as the "Recovery Olympics".[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-259)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-260)
However, the organization of events in these regions faced criticism; Fukushima is considered safe by the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") and the [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"), although scientific studies on the safety of the area are still disputed.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-261) Some Tōhoku residents questioned the decision to use the region as a host site, arguing that preparations for the Games slowed down recovery efforts, and that the region lost workers to projects associated with the Games.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-262)
It was widely reported by international media that [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") had asked the IOC to ban the Japanese [Rising Sun Flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag "Rising Sun Flag") from the 2020 Summer Olympics,[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-263) claiming it to be a symbol of [Japan's imperialist past](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan "Empire of Japan"), recalling "historic scars and pain" for people of Korea just as the [swastika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swastika "Swastika") "reminds Europeans of the nightmare of World War II".[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-264)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-265) Use of the flag in international sporting events such as the Olympic Games is controversial because it was used for waging [aggressive war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_aggression "War of aggression") against many countries in Pacific regions, including the [attack on Pearl Harbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor "Attack on Pearl Harbor").[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-266) According to the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"), the IOC issued a statement in response to South Korea's request, saying, "sports stadiums should be free of any political demonstration. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis."[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-267) Russian and South Korean officials took issue with a map of the torch relay on the Games' official website, which depicted the disputed [Liancourt Rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks "Liancourt Rocks") (governed by South Korea) and [Kuril Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands "Kuril Islands") (governed by Russia since 1945) as part of Japan.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-268)
In February 2021, the TOCOG president Yoshirō Mori resigned, after facing both domestic and international criticisms over his [sexist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexist "Sexist") remarks.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-269)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-270) The previous conduct of the new president, Seiko Hashimoto, had also drawn criticisms,[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-271) leading her to comment "I regret it and think I should be careful" on one of the accusations.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-272) The head creative director for the opening and closing ceremonies, [Hiroshi Sasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiroshi_Sasaki&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hiroshi Sasaki (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E3%80%85%E6%9C%A8%E5%AE%8F_\(%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC\) "ja:佐々木宏 (クリエイティブディレクター)")\], resigned in March 2021, after making demeaning comments about [Naomi Watanabe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Watanabe "Naomi Watanabe").[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-273)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-274) Sasaki's replacement, [Kentarō Kobayashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentar%C5%8D_Kobayashi "Kentarō Kobayashi"), was dismissed by the Organizing Committee the day before the opening ceremony,[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mainichi-210722b-275)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-AP-210722-276) after it was reported by Japanese media that he had made a joke about [the Holocaust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust "The Holocaust") in a script for his comedy in 1998, saying "Let's play Holocaust."[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-SWC-210721-277) On the eve of the opening ceremony, Yoshihide Suga, the [Prime Minister of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan "Prime Minister of Japan") and the Supreme Advisor of the Organizing Committee,[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-278) described Kobayashi's jokes as "outrageous and unacceptable", but also said that the opening ceremony, which was directed by Kobayashi, should proceed as planned.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BBC-210722-279)
The composer for the opening ceremony, [Keigo Oyamada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_\(musician\) "Cornelius (musician)"), resigned days before the ceremony after growing criticism of his past bullying of people with apparent [disabilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability "Disability"), such as [Down syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome "Down syndrome").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mainichi-210716-280)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-NBC-210721-281) On July 16, a week before the opening ceremony, TOCOG announced their support of Oyamada as a composer and vowed not to change his selection for the ceremonies,[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-AsahiShimbun-210717-282)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Jiji-210716-283) but growing criticism forced him to announce his resignation on July 19.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-284)[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-285) The opening ceremony music included arrangements of video game soundtracks originating in Japan; however, this included music from the *[Dragon Quest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Quest "Dragon Quest")* series, composed by [Koichi Sugiyama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama "Koichi Sugiyama") whom *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* described as "notoriously homophobic and ultranationalist", leading to further criticism of the Organizing Committee.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-286)
Officials reported that by early June 2021, about 10,000 of the 80,000 registered volunteers had quit.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Chie_Kobayashi,_Selina_Wang_and_Joshua_Berlinger-287) "There's no doubt that one of the reasons is concern over coronavirus infections," the chief executive of the Organizing Committee said,[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-288) also stating he did not believe this would impact the operation of the Games.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Chie_Kobayashi,_Selina_Wang_and_Joshua_Berlinger-287) On July 23, hundreds of anti-Olympic protestors gathered outside the Japan National Stadium before the opening ceremony. Security guards blocked reporters from leaving the stadium to interview protestors.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-289) In total, more than 60,000 police were mobilized for security during the Games, and police were regularly deployed to break up public displays of protest, including tackling protestors on their way to join the anti-Olympic protest in Sendagaya during the closing ceremony on September 5, 2021. This overwhelming police presence, including plainclothes police officers who encircled the protest area, "served as an effective tool to criminalize a peaceful rally and to maintain a frightening image of open protest."[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-290)
Writing for *[The Conversation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_\(website\) "The Conversation (website)")*, Olympic scholar [MacIntosh Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacIntosh_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1 "MacIntosh Ross (page does not exist)") raised concerns about the relationship between the [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC "IOC") and [WHO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO "WHO"), suggesting the organizations showed a lack of concern for the health of Japanese citizens and Olympians. As Ross explained, "when the IOC and WHO support a global mega-event held during a pandemic, it's difficult to believe that the well-being of the host nation remains a priority."[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-291) Similarly, Japan scholars O'Shea and Maslow remarked, "International media coverage and commentary runs the gamut from sometimes scathing critique for attempting to pull off a 'pandemic games', to praise and plaudits for successfully pulling off a 'pandemic games'. Still, the story that Japan—or at least the LDP—wanted to tell, of a newly reborn and 'normal' Japan (re-)entering the world stage remained untold. Instead, the story of the 2020/2021 Tokyo Olympics was more mundane, that of a state doing a decent job of managing Covid and hosting a mega-event against the wishes of many of its inhabitants."[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-292)
A number of controversies arose during the Games, most notably the attempted repatriation on August 1 of Belarusian sprinter [Krystsina Tsimanouskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystsina_Tsimanouskaya "Krystsina Tsimanouskaya"), allegedly for her criticism of the national sports authorities and team management.[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-293) Refusing to return to [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus "Belarus"), over fears for her safety,[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-294) Tsimanouskaya sought assistance from the IOC and traveled to [Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw "Warsaw"), Poland, on August 4 after being granted a [humanitarian visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_visa "Humanitarian visa") by [Tokyo's Polish Embassy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Poland,_Tokyo "Embassy of Poland, Tokyo").[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-295)
Near the end of the Olympics, it was reported that Australian athletes had damaged the village rooms before departure, leaving a pool of vomit on the floor, damaged beds, and a hole in the wall. Australian rugby Olympians also reportedly became drunk on the flight to Sydney, leaving vomit in the plane bathroom and receiving complaints from other passengers. Team Australia chief Ian Chesterman played down the incidents, and said the Olympians would not be punished.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-296)
Algerian judoka [Fethi Nourine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Nourine "Fethi Nourine") and his coach [Amar Benikhlef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Benikhlef "Amar Benikhlef") were suspended for 10 years by the [International Judo Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Judo_Federation "International Judo Federation") after Nourine refused to fight an Israeli athlete at the Olympics.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-297) Nourine said his political support for the Palestinians in the [Israeli–Palestinian conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict "Israeli–Palestinian conflict") made it impossible for him to compete against Israeli athletes.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-298) Sudan's [Mohamed Abdalarasool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Abdalarasool "Mohamed Abdalarasool") also withdrew from the competition to avoid the Israeli athlete.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-299)
After the Olympics concluded, New Zealand diving judge Lisa Wright revealed that during the diving events, [Zhou Jihong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Jihong "Zhou Jihong"), Vice President of [FINA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Aquatics "World Aquatics") from China, allegedly launched a verbal tirade at Wright at the conclusion of the men's 10 m platform final. Wright alleged that Zhou verbally abused her for underscoring Chinese divers.[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-300) Diving New Zealand subsequently complained about the incident to FINA's Ethics Panel. As a result, Zhou was ordered by a FINA Ethics Panel decision[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-paneldecision-301) to write a letter of apology to Wright. A recommendation was also made by the Ethics Panel to disestablish Zhou's position as Diving Bureau Liaison for FINA. The FINA Ethics Panel stated that the incident during the men's platform final was "unfortunate" and led to a "misunderstanding mixed with misjudgement" between Wright and Zhou.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-paneldecision-301) In May 2022, former international diver, Olympic judge, and previous member of FINA's Technical Diving Committee from New Zealand [Simon Latimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Latimer "Simon Latimer") revealed he had sent a whistleblower complaint[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-302) to FINA's Executive Director Brent Nowicki in December 2021 detailing Zhou's alleged "unethical behavior" which also contained allegations that Zhou coached Chinese divers during major events during the 2020 Summer Olympics and she had manipulated judging panels to benefit Chinese athletes. Latimer claimed that Zhou's behavior was tarnishing the reputation of international diving and that she was acting in the interests of China rather than international diving as a whole. Subsequent to Latimer's complaint, video evidence emerged online showing Zhou coaching Chinese divers during competition sessions at the Olympics,[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-303) a behavior considered unethical given her supposedly neutral role as a FINA Vice President and Diving Bureau Liaison.
## Broadcasting
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=33 "Edit section: Broadcasting")\]
Main article: [List of 2020 Summer Olympics broadcasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Summer_Olympics_broadcasters "List of 2020 Summer Olympics broadcasters")
The Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 reached a global broadcast audience of 3.05 billion people, according to independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Official coverage on Olympic broadcast partners' digital platforms alone generated 28 billion video views in total – representing a 139% increase compared with the Olympic Games Rio 2016 and underlining the changing media landscape and Tokyo 2020's designation as the first streaming Games and the most watched Olympic Games ever on digital platforms.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-304)
[Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corporation "Sony Corporation") and [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") partnered with [NHK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK "NHK") to develop broadcasting standards for [8K resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8K_resolution "8K resolution") television, with a goal to release 8K television sets in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-305)[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-306) In early 2019, Italian broadcaster [RAI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAI "RAI") announced its intention to deploy 8K broadcasting for the Games.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-307) NHK broadcast the opening and closing ceremonies, and coverage of selected events in 8K.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-308)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-309) Telecom company [NTT Docomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT_Docomo "NTT Docomo") signed a deal with Finland's [Nokia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia "Nokia") to provide [5G](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G "5G")\-ready baseband networks in Japan in time for the Games.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-310)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-311) Japanese audio manufacture [Audio-Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-Technica "Audio-Technica") was selected by NBC Olympics, a division of the [NBC Sports Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Sports_Group "NBC Sports Group"), to provide microphone and headphone equipment for production of the Games.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-312)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=34 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [Olympic Games portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games")
- [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics")
- Olympic Games held in Japan
- [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") – Tokyo
- [1972 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") – Sapporo
- [1998 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") – Nagano
- [2020 Summer Olympics]() – Tokyo
- [List of IOC country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes")
- [1940 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") – planned in Tokyo
## Notes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: Notes")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-1)** The new emblem, created by Asao Tokolo, was introduced at the closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in [Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro "Rio de Janeiro"), Brazil. Made by checkboards, it expresses a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan. Previously, the original emblem, made by Kenjirō Sano, was scrapped after his design was found to have plagiarized the logo of [Théâtre de Liège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Li%C3%A8ge "Théâtre de Liège"), a Belgian theatre company.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-3)** Only an English motto was used during the Games. There was no Japanese equivalent of the motto adopted.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-2)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-5)** Named "Olympic Stadium" during the games.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-6)** [Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language "Japanese language"): 2020年夏季オリンピック, [Hepburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization "Hepburn romanization"): *Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku*
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-7)** 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会, *Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai*
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-8)** 東京2020, *Tōkyō Nii Zero Nii Zero*
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-14)** Overseas spectators were first banned in March 2021, followed by residents of Japan in July of that year to avoid any risk of a [superspreading event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-13)
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-17)** Tokyo was set to host the [1940 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") but pulled out in 1938 due to the [Second Sino-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War "Second Sino-Japanese War").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-16)
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-82)** The [1916 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics "1916 Summer Olympics") was called off due to [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I"), while the [1940](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") and [1944 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics "1944 Summer Olympics") were also called off due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II").
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-92)** based on the average USD/JPY 2021 exchange rate.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-91)
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-210)** The remainder of the Olympic test events resumed on 11 March 2021 and the last event took place on 5 May 2021.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-226)** Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee").
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: References")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-2)**
["'United by Emotion' to be the Tokyo 2020 Games Motto"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200313010742/https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/united-by-emotion-to-be-the-tokyo-2020-games-motto). *Tokyo2020.org*. [Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games"). 17 February 2020. Archived from [the original](https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/united-by-emotion-to-be-the-tokyo-2020-games-motto) on 13 March 2020.
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-2)
["Olympics: Tokyo Games cost totals 1.42 tril. yen, twice bid figure"](https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/06/09ef8c31ec70-olympics-tokyo-games-cost-totals-142-tril-yen-twice-bid-figure.html). *[Kyodo News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyodo_News "Kyodo News")*. 21 June 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220621160709/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/06/09ef8c31ec70-olympics-tokyo-games-cost-totals-142-tril-yen-twice-bid-figure.html) from the original on 21 June 2022. "A total of 11,420 athletes took part in the Tokyo Olympics and a record-high 4,403 at the Paralympics, the organizers said."
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-9)**
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## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: External links")\]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to [2020 Summer Olympics](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2020_Summer_Olympics "commons:Category:2020 Summer Olympics").
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for ***[Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games 2020](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tokyo_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games_2020#Q181278 "wikivoyage:Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games 2020")***.
- ["Tokyo 2020"](https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020). *Olympics.com*. International Olympic Committee.
- [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://www.joc.or.jp/english/)
| [Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") | | |
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by[Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") | **XXXII Olympiad [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo")** 2021 | Succeeded by[Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Olympic_Games "Template:Olympic Games") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Games "Template talk:Olympic Games") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Games "Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Games")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") | |
|---|---|
| **[Olympic sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports")** **[Olympism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympism "Olympism")** | |
| | |
| [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") | [Charter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Charter "Olympic Charter") [Olympic Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Congress "Olympic Congress") [IOC meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings "List of IOC meetings") [International sports federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations "List of international sports federations") |
| [Medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal "Olympic medal") | [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_medal_table "Olympic medal table") [All-time medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table "All-time Olympic Games medal table") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table "All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table") [Medal table leaders by Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won "List of Olympic teams by medals won") [Medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists "Lists of Olympic medalists") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists "Lists of Youth Olympic medalists") [Medal ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics "List of ties for medals at the Olympics") [Incentives by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country "Incentives for Olympic medalists by country") [Stripped medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals "List of stripped Olympic medals") [Olympic diploma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_diploma "Olympic diploma") [Olive wreath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath "Olive wreath") |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | [Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games "List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games") [Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games "List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games") [tropical nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics "Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics") [Country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") |
| [Host cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities "List of Olympic Games host cities") | [Bids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games "Bids for Olympic Games") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games "Bids for the Youth Olympic Games") [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues "List of Olympic venues") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues "List of Youth Olympic venues") [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") |
| [Ceremonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony "Olympic Games ceremony") | [People who opened the Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") [Torch relays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays "List of Olympic torch relays") [Torch designs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_and_Paralympic_torch_designs "List of Olympic and Paralympic torch designs") [lighters of the Olympic cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") [Olympic Mass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Mass "Olympic Mass") |
| Media | [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympics_on_television "Olympics on television") [Olympic Broadcasting Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services "Olympic Broadcasting Services") [Olympic Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Channel "Olympic Channel") [American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Channel_\(American_TV_channel\) "Olympic Channel (American TV channel)") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics "Social media coverage of the Olympics") Films [summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films "List of Summer Olympic documentary films") [winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films "List of Winter Olympic documentary films") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games "List of Olympic video games") |
| [Symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols "Olympic symbols") | [Flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame "Olympic flame") [Olympiad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad "Olympiad") [Oath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Oath "Olympic Oath") [Songs and anthems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems "List of Olympic songs and anthems") [Hymn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Hymn "Olympic Hymn") [Emblem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_emblem "Olympic emblem") [Poster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_poster "Olympic poster") [Mascots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_mascots "Olympic mascots") [Tattoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_tattoo "Olympic tattoo") Coins [summer (pre-2000)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins "Summer Olympic coins") [summer (2000-present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)") [winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins "Winter Olympic coins") [Pierre de Coubertin Medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal "Pierre de Coubertin Medal") [Olympic Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Cup "Olympic Cup") [Olympic Diploma of Merit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit "Olympic Diploma of Merit") [Olympic Laurel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Laurel "Olympic Laurel") [Olympic Order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Order "Olympic Order") [Olive wreath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath "Olive wreath") |
| Other | [Art competitions at the Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics") [medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions "List of Olympic medalists in art competitions") [Scandals and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents "List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents") [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games "Antisemitism in the Olympic Games") [colonialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games "Colonialism and the Olympic Games") [doping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games "Doping at the Olympic Games") [Deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths "Olympic and Paralympic deaths") [WWI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I "List of Olympians killed in World War I") [WWII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II "List of Olympians killed in World War II") [Participation of women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics "Participation of women in the Olympics") |
| Related | [Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games "Paralympic Games") Continental [African](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Games "African Games") [Asian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games "Asian Games") [European](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Games "European Games") [Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Games "Pacific Games") [Pan-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_Games "Pan American Games") [Olympic Esports Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series "Olympic Esports Series") [Olympic Esports Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Games "Olympic Esports Games") [Deaflympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaflympics "Deaflympics") [Special Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics "Special Olympics") [1906 Intercalated Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games "1906 Intercalated Games") [Ancient Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games "Ancient Olympic Games") [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") |
| Olympic Games | |
| [Summer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") | [1896 Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics "1896 Summer Olympics") [1900 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics "1900 Summer Olympics") [1904 St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics "1904 Summer Olympics") [1908 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics "1908 Summer Olympics") [1912 Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics "1912 Summer Olympics") [1916 Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics "1916 Summer Olympics")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WW1-313) [1920 Antwerp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics "1920 Summer Olympics") [1924 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics "1924 Summer Olympics") [1928 Amsterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics "1928 Summer Olympics") [1932 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics "1932 Summer Olympics") [1936 Berlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics "1936 Summer Olympics") [1940 Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-314) [1944 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics "1944 Summer Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-314) [1948 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics "1948 Summer Olympics") [1952 Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics "1952 Summer Olympics") [1956 Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics "1956 Summer Olympics") [1960 Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics "1960 Summer Olympics") [1964 Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") [1968 Mexico City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics "1968 Summer Olympics") [1972 Munich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics "1972 Summer Olympics") [1976 Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics "1976 Summer Olympics") [1980 Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics "1980 Summer Olympics") [1984 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics "1984 Summer Olympics") [1988 Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics "1988 Summer Olympics") [1992 Barcelona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics "1992 Summer Olympics") [1996 Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics "1996 Summer Olympics") [2000 Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics "2000 Summer Olympics") [2004 Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics "2004 Summer Olympics") [2008 Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics") [2012 London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics") [2016 Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") [2020 Tokyo]()[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-COVID2021-315) [2024 Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") *[2028 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics "2028 Summer Olympics")* *[2032 Brisbane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics "2032 Summer Olympics")* *[2036 TBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics "2036 Summer Olympics")* |
| [Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games "Winter Olympic Games") | [1924 Chamonix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics "1924 Winter Olympics") [1928 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics "1928 Winter Olympics") [1932 Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics "1932 Winter Olympics") [1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics "1936 Winter Olympics") [1940 Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics "1940 Winter Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-314) [1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics "1944 Winter Olympics")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WW2-314) [1948 St. Moritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics "1948 Winter Olympics") [1952 Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics "1952 Winter Olympics") [1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics "1956 Winter Olympics") [1960 Squaw Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics "1960 Winter Olympics") [1964 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics "1964 Winter Olympics") [1968 Grenoble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics "1968 Winter Olympics") [1972 Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") [1976 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics "1976 Winter Olympics") [1980 Lake Placid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics "1980 Winter Olympics") [1984 Sarajevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics "1984 Winter Olympics") [1988 Calgary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics "1988 Winter Olympics") [1992 Albertville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics "1992 Winter Olympics") [1994 Lillehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics "1994 Winter Olympics") [1998 Nagano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") [2002 Salt Lake City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics "2002 Winter Olympics") [2006 Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics "2006 Winter Olympics") [2010 Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics "2010 Winter Olympics") [2014 Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics "2014 Winter Olympics") [2018 Pyeongchang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [2022 Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") [2026 Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics "2026 Winter Olympics") *[2030 French Alps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics "2030 Winter Olympics")* *[2034 Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics "2034 Winter Olympics")* *[2038 TBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2038_Winter_Olympics "2038 Winter Olympics")* |
| [Youth Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games "Youth Olympic Games") | |
| Summer | [2010 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2010 Summer Youth Olympics") [2014 Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2014 Summer Youth Olympics") [2018 Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2018 Summer Youth Olympics") *[2026 Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2026 Summer Youth Olympics")* *[2030](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics "2030 Summer Youth Olympics")* |
| Winter | [2012 Innsbruck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2012 Winter Youth Olympics") [2016 Lillehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2016 Winter Youth Olympics") [2020 Lausanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics") [2024 Gangwon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2024 Winter Youth Olympics") *[2028 Dolomites and Valtellina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2028 Winter Youth Olympics")* |
| **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-WW1_313-0)** Cancelled due to [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_314-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_314-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_314-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-WW2_314-3) Cancelled due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-COVID2021_315-0)** Postponed to 2021 due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| ** [Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games "Portal:Olympic Games")**  [**Category**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games "Category:Summer Olympic Games") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [**Commons**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics "commons:Category:Summer Olympics") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template:Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template talk:Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Bids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics") for the [2020 Summer Olympics]() | |
|---|---|
| [125th Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") of the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") ([Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina "Argentina")) | |
| Elected city | [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| Candidate cities | [Istanbul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Istanbul bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| Applicant cities | [Baku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baku bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| Cancelled bids | [Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rome bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Qualification_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template:Qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Qualification_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template talk:Qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Qualification_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) Qualification for the [2020 Summer Olympics]() |
|---|
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") Basketball [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [men's 3x3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3x3_qualification "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 3x3 qualification") [women's 3x3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_3x3_qualification "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 3x3 qualification") [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Equestrian events at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") Field hockey [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") Football [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") Handball [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") Rugby sevens [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") Volleyball [indoor men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [indoor women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [beach men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Beach volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [beach women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Beach volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") Water polo [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification") [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_qualification "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nations_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template:Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nations_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template talk:Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nations_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") at the [2020 Summer Olympics]() in [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan | |
|---|---|
| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa "Africa") | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Angola at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Benin at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Botswana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cameroon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cape Verde at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Central African Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chad at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Comoros at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Djibouti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equatorial Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eswatini at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ethiopia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gabon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "The Gambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea-Bissau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ivory Coast at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kenya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liberia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Libya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malawi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mali at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Morocco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mozambique at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Namibia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Niger at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rwanda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Senegal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Seychelles at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sierra Leone at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Somalia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tanzania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Togo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zimbabwe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas "Americas") | [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Antigua and Barbuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahamas at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Barbados at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belize at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Colombia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Costa Rica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominican Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "El Salvador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Grenada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guatemala at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guyana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Honduras at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Panama at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Paraguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Peru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Lucia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Suriname at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uruguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Venezuela at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia "Asia") | [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahrain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bangladesh at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bhutan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brunei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cambodia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "India at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Indonesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iraq at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jordan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Laos at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Myanmar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nepal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Oman at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palestine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Singapore at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Korea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sri Lanka at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Syria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tajikistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United Arab Emirates at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Yemen at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe "Europe") | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Albania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Andorra at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Armenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Denmark at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Estonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iceland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ireland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malta at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Moldova at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Monaco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Norway at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Portugal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Romania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Serbia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Spain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sweden at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania "Oceania") | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cook Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kiribati at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Federated States of Micronesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nauru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Papua New Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Solomon Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tonga at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vanuatu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| Others | [Refugee Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [ROC athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| Withdrawn | [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_at_the_Olympics "North Korea at the Olympics") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template:Events at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Template talk:Events at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Special:EditPage/Template:Events at the 2020 Summer Olympics")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Category:Events at the 2020 Summer Olympics") at the [2020 Summer Olympics]() ([Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan) |
|---|
| [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_events_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equestrian events at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
| [Chronological summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_summary_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chronological summary of the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") [List of medalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_winners "List of 2020 Summer Olympics medal winners") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2020_Summer_Olympic_venues "Template:2020 Summer Olympic venues") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2020_Summer_Olympic_venues "Template talk:2020 Summer Olympic venues") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_Summer_Olympic_venues "Special:EditPage/Template:2020 Summer Olympic venues")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg) [Venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics") of the [2020 Summer Olympics]() ([Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo")) | |
|---|---|
| Heritage Zone | [Japan National Stadium (Olympic Stadium)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") [Yoyogi National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium "Yoyogi National Gymnasium") [Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasium "Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium") [Musashino Forest Sport Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musashino_Forest_Sport_Plaza "Musashino Forest Sport Plaza") [Nippon Budokan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Budokan "Nippon Budokan") [Tokyo International Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_International_Forum "Tokyo International Forum") [Tokyo Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinomoto_Stadium "Ajinomoto Stadium") [Kokugikan Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dgoku_Kokugikan "Ryōgoku Kokugikan") [Equestrian Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Equestrian_Park "Tokyo Equestrian Park") |
| Tokyo Bay Zone | [Kasai Canoe Slalom Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai_Canoe_Slalom_Centre "Kasai Canoe Slalom Centre") [Oi Seaside Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ci_Fut%C5%8D_Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D_Kaihin_Park "Ōi Futō Chūō Kaihin Park") [Tokyo Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Aquatics_Centre "Tokyo Aquatics Centre") [Dream Island Archery Field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumenoshima_Park "Yumenoshima Park") [Ariake Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Arena "Ariake Arena") [Ariake Gymnastics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre "Ariake Gymnastics Centre") [Ariake Urban Sports Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Urban_Sports_Park "Ariake Urban Sports Park") [Ariake Tennis Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Tennis_Park "Ariake Tennis Park") [Ariake Coliseum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Coliseum "Ariake Coliseum") [Makuhari Messe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makuhari_Messe "Makuhari Messe") [Odaiba Marine Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaiba_Marine_Park "Odaiba Marine Park") [Oi Hockey Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi_Hockey_Stadium "Oi Hockey Stadium") [Shiokaze Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiokaze_Park "Shiokaze Park") [Tatsumi International Swimming Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Tatsumi_International_Swimming_Center "Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center") [Tokyo Big Sight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Big_Sight "Tokyo Big Sight") [Central Breakwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Breakwater "Central Breakwater") [Sea Forest Waterway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Forest_Waterway "Sea Forest Waterway") [Aomi Urban Sports Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomi_Urban_Sports_Park "Aomi Urban Sports Park") |
| Sites outside Tokyo | [Asaka Shooting Range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Asaka "Camp Asaka") [Kasumigaseki Country Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasumigaseki_Country_Club "Kasumigaseki Country Club") [Saitama Super Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Super_Arena "Saitama Super Arena") [Yokohama Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama_Stadium "Yokohama Stadium") [Enoshima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoshima "Enoshima") [Izu Velodrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izu_Velodrome "Izu Velodrome") [Tsurigasaki Surfing Beach](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsurigasaki_Surfing_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1 "Tsurigasaki Surfing Beach (page does not exist)") [Japan Cycle Sports Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan_Cycle_Sports_Center&action=edit&redlink=1 "Japan Cycle Sports Center (page does not exist)") [Fuji Speedway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Speedway "Fuji Speedway") [Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Azuma_Baseball_Stadium "Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium") [Odori Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odori_Park "Odori Park") |
| Football stadia | [Tokyo Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinomoto_Stadium "Ajinomoto Stadium") [International Stadium Yokohama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Stadium_\(Yokohama\) "Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)") [Saitama Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Stadium_2002 "Saitama Stadium 2002") [Kashima Soccer Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashima_Soccer_Stadium "Kashima Soccer Stadium") [Sapporo Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo_Dome "Sapporo Dome") [Miyagi Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyagi_Stadium "Miyagi Stadium") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Japan")[COVID-19 pandemic in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") | |
|---|---|
| [Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") | |
| Locations | [*Diamond Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") |
| Responses | [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Japanese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_against_Japanese_government%27s_responses "Criticism against Japanese government's responses") [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") [Restrictions on entry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan#Restrictions_on_entry_to_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Medical response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_medical_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Japanese medical response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") |
| [Socio-economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio-economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") | [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 Summer Olympics") [Athletes not attending](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_not_attending_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_due_to_COVID-19_concerns "List of athletes not attending the 2020 Summer Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns") [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_2020_Summer_Paralympics "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 Summer Paralympics") [Athletes not attending](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_not_attending_the_2020_Summer_Paralympics_due_to_COVID-19_concerns "List of athletes not attending the 2020 Summer Paralympics due to COVID-19 concerns") [Amabie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amabie#COVID-19 "Amabie") [Date face mask](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_face_mask "Date face mask") [Saisaki-mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saisaki-mode "Saisaki-mode") [Tokyo Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Alert "Tokyo Alert") |
[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):
-  [Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Olympics "Portal:Olympics")
-  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Japan "Portal:Japan")
-  [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Tokyo "Portal:Tokyo")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19")
-  [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sports "Portal:Sports")
-  [2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:2020s "Portal:2020s")
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181278#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/203144782717966287373) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2015060887) [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001165028) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2016905114&CON_LNG=ENG) |
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&oldid=1346575996>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [2020 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020_Summer_Olympics "Category:2020 Summer Olympics")
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- [July 2021 sports events in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:July_2021_sports_events_in_Japan "Category:July 2021 sports events in Japan")
- [Olympic Games in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Olympic_Games_in_Japan "Category:Olympic Games in Japan")
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- [Summer Olympics by year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics_by_year "Category:Summer Olympics by year")
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- This page was last edited on 1 April 2026, at 17:11 (UTC).
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2020 Summer Olympics
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| Readable Markdown | "2020 Olympics", "Tokyo 2020", "2021 Olympics", and "Tokyo 2021" redirect here. For the Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, see [2020 Winter Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics"). For the Summer Paralympics, see [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics").
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympics_logo_new.svg)Emblem of the 2020 Summer Olympics[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-1) | |
| Location | Tokyo, Japan |
| Motto | *United by Emotion*[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-3) |
| [Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee") | 206 (including [EOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC_Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "IOC Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee") teams) |
| Athletes | 11,319 (5,910 men, 5,409 women)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4) |
| Events | 339 in 33 [sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") (51 disciplines) |
| [Opening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | 23 July 2021 |
| [Closing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | 8 August 2021 |
| [Opened by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games "List of people who have opened the Olympic Games") | [Emperor Naruhito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Naruhito "Emperor Naruhito") |
| Closed by | [IOC president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee "President of the International Olympic Committee") [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") |
| [Cauldron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron "List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron") | [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka") |
| [Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium "Olympic Stadium") | [Japan National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-5) |
| **Summer**← [Rio 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") [Paris 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics") → **Winter**← [Pyeongchang 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") [Beijing 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") → [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics") | |
The **2020 Summer Olympics**,[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-6) officially the **Games of the XXXII Olympiad**[\[e\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-7) and officially branded as **Tokyo 2020**,[\[f\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-8) were an international [multi-sport event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_event "Multi-sport event") held from July 23 to August 8, 2021, in [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on July 21, 2021. Tokyo was selected as the [host city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities "List of Olympic Games host cities") during the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), Argentina on September 7, 2013.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-9)
Originally scheduled to take place from July 24 to August 9, 2020, the Tokyo Games were postponed until 2021 on March 24, 2020 as a result of the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the first such postponement in the history of the [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games "Olympic Games") (some previous editions had been cancelled but not rescheduled).[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-LATimes24032020-10)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-11) However, the **Tokyo 2020** branding was retained for marketing purposes.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:5-12) The events were largely held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") with no public spectators permitted due to the declaration of a state of emergency in the [Greater Tokyo Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area "Greater Tokyo Area") in response to the pandemic, the only Olympic Games to be held without official spectators.[\[g\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-14) As a consequence of the postponement and the additional challenges caused by the pandemic, the 2020 Games were the most costly ever, with a total expenditure of over \$20 billion.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-15)
The 2020 Games were the fourth Olympics to be held in Japan, following the [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") (Tokyo), the [1972 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") ([Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo "Sapporo")), and the [1998 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") ([Nagano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano_\(city\) "Nagano (city)")). Tokyo became the first city in [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia "Asia") to hold the [Summer Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games "Summer Olympic Games") twice.[\[h\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-17) The 2020 Games were the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in [East Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia"), following the [2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics "2018 Winter Olympics") in [Pyeongchang, South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeongchang_County "Pyeongchang County") and preceding the [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") in [Beijing, China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing,_China "Beijing, China"). Because of the one-year postponement, Tokyo 2020 is the only Olympic Games to have taken place in an odd-numbered year.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-18)
New events were introduced in existing sports, including [3x3 basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3x3_basketball "3x3 basketball"), [freestyle BMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_BMX "Freestyle BMX"), and mixed-gender team events in a number of existing sports, as well as the return of [madison cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_\(cycling\) "Madison (cycling)") for men and an introduction of the same event for women. New [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC "IOC") policies allowed the host city's organizing committee to add new sports to the [Olympic program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports "Olympic sports") for just one Games. The disciplines added by the [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Olympic_Committee "Japanese Olympic Committee") were [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics"); the last four of these were making their Olympic debuts, and the last three have remained on the Olympic program.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Japan_Through_the_Lens_of_the_Tokyo_Olympics-19)
The [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") topped the [medal table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_medal_table "2020 Summer Olympics medal table") both by gold (39) and total medals (113), with [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finishing second (38 and 89, respectively). Host nation [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finished third, setting a record for the most gold and overall medals won by their delegation at an Olympic Games with 27 and 58, respectively. [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") finished fourth, with 22 gold and 64 total medals. The [Russian delegation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), competing as the [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), finished fifth with 20 gold medals and third in the overall medal count, with 71 medals. [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), the [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") won their first-ever Olympic gold medals.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-20)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-21)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-22) [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") also won their first-ever Olympic medals.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-23)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-24)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-25)
The three candidate cities were [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"), [Istanbul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Istanbul bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"), and [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics"). The applicant cities of [Baku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baku bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") and [Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") were not promoted to candidate status. A [bid from Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_bid_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rome bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics") was withdrawn.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26)
### Host city selection
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Host city selection")\]
The [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") (IOC) voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on September 7, 2013, at the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), Argentina, using an [exhaustive ballot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaustive_ballot "Exhaustive ballot") system.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26) None of the candidate cities won more than 50% of the votes in the first round; Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place, so a runoff vote was held to determine which of the two cities would be eliminated. The final vote was a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul. Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, gaining at least the 49 votes required for a majority.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:6-26)
| City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo")** | ** [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan")** | **42** | — | **60** |
| [Istanbul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul "Istanbul") |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey "Turkey") | 26 | **49** | 36 |
| [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid "Madrid") |  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain "Spain") | 26 | 45 | — |
## Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shibuya_Crossing_2020-04-19_\(2\).jpg)
Few pedestrians on the [Shibuya Crossing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibuya_Crossing "Shibuya Crossing") during the state of emergency in the middle of Japan's [first wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") of the COVID-19 pandemic, early 2020
In January 2020, concerns were raised about the potential impact of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") on athletes and visitors to the Summer Olympic Games.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:10-28) Tokyo organizers and the International Olympic Committee insisted they were monitoring the spread of the disease to minimize its effects on preparations for the Olympics.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-29) The IOC stated that in 2020, their Japanese partners and Prime Minister [Shinzo Abe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Abe "Shinzo Abe") "made it very clear that Japan could not manage a postponement beyond next summer \[2021\] at the latest".[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-30) Unlike the [case for Zika virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics#Zika_virus "Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics") during the [2016 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics") in Rio de Janeiro, [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") can be transmitted directly between humans, posing tougher challenges for the organizers to counteract the infectious disease and host a safe and secure event.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:10-28) Also unlike the [case for H1N1 "swine flu"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics#H1N1_pandemic "Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics") during the [2010 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics "2010 Winter Olympics") in Vancouver, COVID-19 has a higher fatality rate, and there was no [effective vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") until December 2020.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-31) In a February 2020 interview, [Conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_\(UK\) "Conservative Party (UK)") [London mayoral candidate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_London_mayoral_election "2020 London mayoral election") [Shaun Bailey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Bailey_\(London_politician\) "Shaun Bailey (London politician)") argued that London would be able to host the Olympic Games at the former [2012 Olympic venues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics "Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics") should the Games need to be moved because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-32) [Tokyo Governor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Tokyo "Governor of Tokyo") [Yuriko Koike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuriko_Koike "Yuriko Koike") criticized Bailey's comment as inappropriate.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-33) In early 2021, officials in the US state of [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida "Florida") offered to host the delayed Games in their state, while [John Coates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coates_\(sports_administrator\) "John Coates (sports administrator)"), the IOC vice president in charge of the Tokyo Olympics, said the Games would open even if the city and other parts of Japan were under a state of emergency because of COVID-19.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-34)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-35)
Estimates by the [National Institute of Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Infectious_Diseases_\(Japan\) "National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Japan)") and [Kyoto University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_University "Kyoto University") predicted that states of emergency might be required during the Games.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-36) The reports published at the Ministry of Health experts' panel also showed new patients increasing to 10,000 if the Games were to allow spectators.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-37)
### Qualifying event cancellation and postponement
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Qualifying event cancellation and postponement")\]
Concerns about the pandemic began to affect qualifying events in early 2020. Some that were due to take place in February were moved to alternative locations to address concerns about traveling to the affected areas, particularly China. For example, the [women's basketball qualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_FIBA_Women%27s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournaments_%E2%80%93_Belgrade_2 "2020 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments – Belgrade 2") was played in [Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade "Belgrade"), Serbia, instead of [Foshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foshan "Foshan"), China.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-38) The [Asia & Oceania boxing qualification tournament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Asia_%26_Oceania_Boxing_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament "2020 Asia & Oceania Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament"), which was originally planned to be held from February 3–14 in [Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan "Wuhan"), China (the location of the original outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic), instead took place in [Amman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman "Amman"), Jordan, at the beginning of March.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-39) The third round of the [women's football qualification tournament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_AFC_Women%27s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament "2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament") was also affected, as the group matches formerly scheduled to be held in China were moved to Australia.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-40) The [European boxing qualification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_European_Boxing_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament "2020 European Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament") began on March 14, 2020 in [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London "London"), United Kingdom, but was suspended after two days of competition before being rescheduled for April 2021.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-41)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-42) It eventually resumed in June 2021 but was moved to [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris "Paris"), France,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-43) because of renewed concerns over [travel to the UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom"). Other qualifying events that were due to take place in March to June 2020 began to be postponed until later in the year and mid-2021 as part of a wider suspension of international sporting competitions in response to the pandemic. A multitude of Olympic sports were affected, including archery, baseball, cycling, handball, judo, rowing, sailing, volleyball, and water polo.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-44)
### Effect on doping tests
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Effect on doping tests")\]
Mandatory doping tests were significantly restricted by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. European anti-doping organizations raised concerns that blood and urine tests could not be performed and that mobilizing the necessary staff before the pandemic's end would pose health risks. Despite the need for extensive testing ahead of the Games, the [World Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency "World Anti-Doping Agency") (WADA) stated that public health and safety remained its top priority.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Sharma-45) The [China Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Anti-Doping_Agency "China Anti-Doping Agency") (CHINADA) temporarily suspended testing on February 3, 2020, with plans to resume phased testing later that month.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-46) By the end of March, anti-doping organizations in the US, France, Great Britain, and Germany had also reduced their testing activities.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Sharma-45)
It was subsequently revealed that 23 Chinese swimmers had tested positive for the drug [trimetazidine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimetazidine "Trimetazidine"), but were permitted to compete, after CHINADA claimed they had ingested tiny amounts unawares from a kitchen. Some, including [Zhang Yufei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yufei_\(swimmer\) "Zhang Yufei (swimmer)"), [Wang Shun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Shun "Wang Shun"), and [Qin Haiyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Haiyang "Qin Haiyang"), went on to win medals. The affair resulted in deep upset amongst the international athletic community.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-47)
### Postponement to 2021
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Postponement to 2021")\]
The [Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organizing_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games") (TOCOG) released a statement on March 2, 2020, confirming that preparations for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics were "continuing as planned".[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-48) On March 23, both Canada and Australia indicated that they would withdraw from the Games if they were not postponed by a year.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-49) On the same day, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe stated he would support a proposed postponement, citing that ensuring athlete safety was "paramount", and veteran IOC member and former vice president [Dick Pound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Pound "Dick Pound") said he expected the Games to be postponed.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-50)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-51)
On March 24, 2020, 122 days to go for the planned start, the IOC, TOCOG, and prime minister Abe released a joint statement announcing that the 2020 Summer Olympics and [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics") would be rescheduled to a date "beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021". They stated that the Games could "stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these troubled times", and that the [Olympic flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame "Olympic flame") could become "the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds itself at present".[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Joint_Statement_from_IOC_&_TOCOG-52) Prime Minister Abe stated that IOC president [Thomas Bach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bach "Thomas Bach") responded "with 100% agreement" to his proposal to delay the Games. For continuity and marketing purposes, it was agreed that the Games would still be branded as Tokyo 2020 despite the change in schedule.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:5-12)
On March 30, 2020, the IOC and TOCOG announced that they had reached an agreement on the new dates for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which would begin with the opening ceremony on July 23, 2021 and end with the closing ceremony on August 8, 2021, still to be held in Tokyo.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC_2021_Dates-53)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-54) The subsequent [Winter Olympics in Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics") were scheduled to begin on February 4, 2022, less than six months later. Shortly before the postponement was confirmed, the IOC and Tokyo 2020 organizers formed a task force named "Here We Go" with the remit to address any issues arising from postponing the Games, such as sponsorship and accommodation. The organizers confirmed that all athletes who had already qualified for Tokyo 2020 prior to March 24, 2020 would keep their qualification slots.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-55)
### Calls for cancellation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Calls for cancellation")\]
Health experts expressed concern in April 2020 that the Games might have to be cancelled if the pandemic should persist.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-56) In an interview, the then president of TOCOG and former Japanese prime minister, [Yoshirō Mori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshir%C5%8D_Mori "Yoshirō Mori"), asserted that the Games would be "scrapped" if they could not go ahead in 2021.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mori_rte-57) On April 29, 2020, Prime Minister Abe stated that the Games "must be held in a way that shows the world has won its battle against the coronavirus pandemic".[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-58) Thomas Bach acknowledged in an interview on May 20, 2020, that the job of reorganizing the Tokyo Games was "a mammoth task" and also admitted that the event would have to be cancelled altogether if it could not take place in the summer of 2021.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Bach_bbc-59) However, both Mori and Bach expressed optimism about the Games going ahead.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mori_rte-57)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Bach_bbc-59)
A member of the Japanese COVID-19 Advisory Committee on the basic action policy co-authored a *[British Medical Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_BMJ "The BMJ")* editorial, which stated, "holding Tokyo 2020 for domestic political and economic purposes—ignoring scientific and moral imperatives—is contradictory to Japan's commitment to global health and human security".[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BMJ373n962-60)
On January 21, 2021, multiple sources reported that the Japanese government had "privately concluded" that the Games would have to be cancelled.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-61) The government dismissed the claims, stating the reports were "categorically untrue".[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-62) The new Japanese prime minister [Yoshihide Suga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga "Yoshihide Suga") confirmed on February 19 that the [G7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Seven "Group of Seven") had given unanimous support for the postponed Games to go ahead as scheduled.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-63) It was reported in April 2021, just three months before the start of the Games, that there was still the option to cancel the Tokyo Olympics with the country having vaccinated less than 1% of its population, with tens of thousands of volunteers expected to take part and athletes not being required to quarantine after arriving in Japan.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-64)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-65)
Public support for the Games in Japan decreased significantly amid a 2021 surge in [COVID-19 cases in the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-66) Multiple organizations of medical professionals voiced oppositions to the Games,[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BMJ373n962-60)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-67)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-68) while an opinion poll in April 2021 saw 40% of participants support the cancellation of the Games and 33% support a second postponement.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-69) In May 2021, 83% of those polled supported the cancellation or postponement of the Games.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-70) The Tokyo Medical Practitioners Association called for cancellation, stating that hospitals in Tokyo "have their hands full and have almost no spare capacity" in an open letter to the prime minister.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-71) At least nine out of 47 elected governors supported cancellation of the Games.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-72) Nearly 37% of Japanese companies surveyed supported cancellation of the Games, and 32% supported postponement.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-73)
[Kenji Utsunomiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenji_Utsunomiya "Kenji Utsunomiya"), who had previously run for Governor of Tokyo, collected more than 351,000 signatures on a petition calling for the organizers to "prioritize life" over the Olympics.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-74) Japanese writers [Jiro Akagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Akagawa "Jirō Akagawa")[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-75)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-76) and [Fuminori Nakamura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuminori_Nakamura "Fuminori Nakamura") also called for the Games to be postponed or cancelled.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-77)
On May 26, 2021, the *[Asahi Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun "The Asahi Shimbun")* newspaper, which was a local sponsor of the Games, published an editorial calling for Prime Minister Suga to "calmly and objectively assess the situation and decide on the cancellation of the event this summer."[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-78) On June 4, it was reported that Japanese sponsors proposed to the organizers for "the Games to be postponed for several months," citing a comment by a corporate sponsor senior executive: "It just makes much, much more sense from our perspective to hold the Games when there are more vaccinated people, the weather is cooler and maybe public opposition is lower."[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-79)
In July 2021, it was announced that all events in Tokyo were to be held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") with no spectators due to a new state of emergency. A poll by the *Asahi Shimbun* found that 55% of those surveyed supported cancellation of the Olympics, and 68% felt that organizers would not be able to suitably control COVID-19 at the Games.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:0-80) The decision was also detrimental to local sponsors, which had planned in-person presences to promote their products during the Games; an executive of official sponsor [Toyota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota "Toyota") stated that the company had pulled a television advertising campaign it had planned for the Games in Japan, citing that the Olympics were "becoming an event that has not gained the public's understanding."[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:0-80)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-81)
Had the Games been cancelled, it would have been the first time since [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") that an Olympic event had been called off and the first games to be scrapped due to circumstances unrelated to war.[\[i\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-82) A complete cancellation would have also cost Japan ¥4.52 trillion (US\$41.5 billion), based on operating expenses and [loss of tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") activity to Japan, which had closed its international borders to foreign travelers since March 2020, did not reopen until October 2022, and was initially scheduled to end preventive border measures in May 2023 but had moved early at the end of April of that year, less than two years after the Games ended.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Costs-83)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-84)
### Costs and insurance
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Costs and insurance")\]
According to an estimate conducted by professor emeritus Katsuhiro Miyamoto of [Kansai University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_University "Kansai University") and reported by the [NHK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK "NHK") in March 2020, the cost of delaying the 2020 Olympics by one year would be 640.8 billion yen ([US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")5\.8 billion), taking maintenance expenditures for the unused facilities into account.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Costs-83)
The [Nomura Research Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomura_Research_Institute "Nomura Research Institute") estimated that cancelling the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2021 would cost around 1.81 trillion yen (\$17 billion), less than the economic damages projected if another state of emergency is declared, noting that a decision to hold the games "should be made based on the impact on infection risks, not from the standpoint of economic loss".[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-85)
The Tokyo Games were protected through the commercial insurance marketplace [Lloyd's of London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London "Lloyd's of London"), by global reinsurers [Munich Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Re "Munich Re") and [Swiss Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Re "Swiss Re"). The IOC takes out around \$800 million of insurance for each Summer Olympics, with the total amount of loss insured for the 2020 Games likely to be more than \$2 billion.\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\] The disruption caused by postponing the Games was covered by the insurance policy, with those likely to make claims for their financial losses including local organizers, sponsors, hospitality firms, and travel providers.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-86)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-87)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
Holders of tickets purchased from overseas prior to postponement were entitled to refunds for both Olympic and Paralympic ticket purchases, except for the costs of cancelled hotel bookings. Although about 600,000 Olympic tickets and 300,000 Paralympic tickets were eligible to be refunded, organizers said they would not release the total costs of the refunds.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-88) Reuters quoted industry sources who estimated that the Tokyo Olympics Committee had taken out US\$500–\$800 million in insurance, and that after accounting for costs such as rebooking sporting venues and the Olympic Village, little of that payout would be available to recoup the proceeds of lost and refunded ticket sales.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-89) The local organizers are responsible for ticket sales and use them to defray the costs of holding the games; ticket sales were expected to bring in approximately US\$800 million, but actual sales were close to zero.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-90)
In June 2022, the Tokyo Organizing Committee revealed in the final budget report for the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics that the cost for the Olympic Games was 640.4 billion yen (US\$5.8 billion[\[j\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-92)), which was higher than the cost for the [Rio 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics#Cost "2016 Summer Olympics").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-93)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4) The total, final cost of the delayed Games was 1.4 trillion yen (US\$13 billion).[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-94)
### Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Public opinion and COVID-19 effect during and after the Games")\]
Prior to the Tokyo Olympics being held, many Japanese people were negative about hosting the event, but their attitudes had become more positive toward the end of the Games. According to a public opinion poll conducted jointly by the [Nippon News Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_News_Network "Nippon News Network") and the *[Yomiuri Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomiuri_Shimbun "Yomiuri Shimbun")* newspaper, which targeted Japanese citizens at the end of the Olympics, 38% of respondents said it was possible to hold the Olympics in a safe manner against COVID-19, while 55% said it was not possible. However, 64% answered it was good that the Tokyo Games had gone ahead, while 28% answered that they wished the event had not been held. Of the respondents, 61% were glad the event had been held without spectators, and only 12% said that spectators should have been allowed.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-95)
On July 29, less than a week into the Games, journalist Masaki Kubota reported his analysis of the Japanese people's perspective on the Olympics, which he believed was greatly influenced by the change in the way the Japanese news media reported on the Games. He pointed out that many Japanese news media had insisted on canceling the Olympics, citing fears that COVID-19 would spread, but once Japanese athletes started winning medals, the media changed their reporting policy and began livening up the Olympics, which had the effect of altering public opinion in Japan.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-96)
Once the Tokyo Olympics were underway, followed by the [Tokyo Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics"), there was a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases in Japan, especially those caused by the [Delta variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant"). On July 26, there were 60,157 cases detected in Japan, breaking the record of 44,961 cases recorded on May 10. On August 9, one day after the Olympics had ended, daily cases in Japan reached 100,000 for the first time, and new cases continued to increase until the peak on August 23, when 156,931 cases were recorded.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-97)
## Development and preparations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Development and preparations")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympic_Games-_Monument_of_Olympic_Rings.jpg)
The [Olympic rings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_rings "Olympic rings") on display at [Tokyo Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bay "Tokyo Bay") to promote the Games
The [Tokyo Organizing Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games") was originally headed by former Japanese prime minister Yoshirō Mori,[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-98) but he resigned in February 2021 due to backlash from sexist comments about women in meetings.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-99)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-100)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-kyodo180221-101) [Seiko Hashimoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Hashimoto "Seiko Hashimoto") was chosen to succeed him. [Tamayo Marukawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamayo_Marukawa "Tamayo Marukawa"), Minister for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, was responsible for overseeing the preparations on behalf of the Japanese government.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-kyodo180221-101)
The [Tokyo Metropolitan Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government "Tokyo Metropolitan Government") set aside a fund of ¥400 billion (more than US\$3.67 billion) to cover the cost of hosting the Games. The [Japanese government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Japan "Government of Japan") was considering easing airspace restrictions to allow an increased [slot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_slot "Landing slot") capacity at both [Haneda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haneda_Airport "Haneda Airport") and [Narita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narita_International_Airport "Narita International Airport") airports. A new railway line was planned to link both airports through an expansion of [Tokyo Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Station "Tokyo Station"), cutting travel time from Tokyo Station to Haneda from 30 to 18 minutes, and from Tokyo Station to Narita from 55 to 36 minutes; funded primarily by private investors, the line would cost ¥400 billion. The [East Japan Railway Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company "East Japan Railway Company") (JR East) was also planning a new route near [Tamachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamachi "Tamachi") to Haneda Airport.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-102)
There were plans to fund the accelerated completion of the [Central Circular Route](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Circular_Route_\(Shuto_Expressway\) "Central Circular Route (Shuto Expressway)"), [Tokyo Gaikan Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Gaikan_Expressway "Tokyo Gaikan Expressway"), and [Ken-Ō Expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken-%C5%8C_Expressway "Ken-Ō Expressway"), and the refurbishment of other major expressways in the area.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-103) The [Yurikamome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurikamome "Yurikamome") automated transit line was also to be extended from its existing terminal at [Toyosu Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyosu_Station "Toyosu Station") to a new terminal at [Kachidoki Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachidoki_Station "Kachidoki Station"), passing the site of the Olympic Village, although the line was not expected to have adequate capacity to serve major events in the [Odaiba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaiba "Odaiba") area on its own.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-104)
In April 2018, the Tokyo Organizing Committee signed a partnership with the [International Labour Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization "International Labour Organization") to ensure [decent work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decent_work "Decent work") in the preparation of and during the 2020 Olympic Games.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-105)
In June 2020, the chief executive of the Organizing Committee, [Toshirō Mutō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshir%C5%8D_Mut%C5%8D "Toshirō Mutō"), stated that the committee was exploring options for streamlining the Games to achieve cost savings.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-106) On September 25, the IOC and Tokyo Organizing Committee agreed to a suite of measures to simplify the Games' logistics, including a cut to non-athlete staff, use of online meetings, and streamlined transport, among others. The committee also outlined areas it would be exploring to maintain the health and safety of all participants.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-107)
### Venues and infrastructure
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Venues and infrastructure")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_national_stadium_tokyo_1.jpg)
The newly built [Japan National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") in Tokyo was the venue for the ceremonies and the athletics events.
In February 2012, it was announced that Tokyo's former [National Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Stadium_\(Tokyo,_1958\) "National Stadium (Tokyo, 1958)"), the central venue for the [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics"), would undergo a ¥100 billion renovation for the [2019 Rugby World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup "2019 Rugby World Cup") and the 2020 Summer Olympics.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-108) In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced it was taking bids for proposed stadium designs. Of the 46 finalists, [Zaha Hadid Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaha_Hadid_Architects "Zaha Hadid Architects") was awarded the project, which would replace the old stadium with [a new 80,000-seat stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium"). There was criticism of Hadid's design—which was compared to a [bicycle helmet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_helmet "Bicycle helmet") and regarded as clashing with the surrounding [Meiji Shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Shrine "Meiji Shrine")—and widespread disapproval of the costs, even with attempts to revise and "optimize" the design.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-109)
In June 2015, the government announced plans to reduce the new stadium's permanent capacity to 65,000 in its athletics configuration (although with the option to add up to 15,000 temporary seats for football) as a further cost-saving measure.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-110)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-111) The original plan to build a retractable roof was also abandoned.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-112) At the end of 2015, in response to public opposition to the increasing costs of the new stadium (which had reached ¥252 billion), the government chose to reject Hadid's design entirely and selected a new design by Japanese architect [Kengo Kuma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kengo_Kuma "Kengo Kuma"). Inspired by traditional temples and with a lower profile, Kuma's design had a budget of ¥149 billion. The changes meant the new stadium could not be completed in time for the [2019 Rugby World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup "2019 Rugby World Cup") as originally intended.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-113) The National Stadium, which was inaugurated on December 21, 2019, was named the Olympic Stadium for the duration of the Tokyo Games.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-114)
In October 2018, the [Board of Audit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Audit_\(Japan\) "Board of Audit (Japan)") issued a report stating that the total cost of the Olympic venues could exceed US\$25 billion.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-115)
Of the 33 competition venues in Tokyo, 28 were within 8 kilometers (5 miles) of the Olympic Village, with eleven new venues to be constructed.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-116) On October 16, 2019, the IOC announced plans to re-locate the marathon and racewalking events to [Sapporo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo "Sapporo") for heat concerns.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-117) The plans were made official on November 1, 2019, after Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike accepted the IOC's decision, despite her belief that the events should have remained in Tokyo.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WP110119-118)
In general, as urban studies scholar Faure notes, "The Tokyo 2020–2021 Games had a relatively moderate impact on the city, compared to previous cases such as Rio and Sochi, or cases in which a major Olympic park was built in Barcelona in 1992, and in Beijing in 2008. The transport infrastructure has been marginally improved by facilitating access for people with mobility constraints and improving signage in other languages. Haneda Airport has been expanded, and a hydrogen-powered bus rapid transit system has been introduced. Several sports and event facilities were built, including the new Olympic Stadium. Finally, the Olympic Village has been built on the Harumi landfill."[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-119)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympics_in_Ariake,_police_watching_on_top_of_industrial_building_in_front_of_tennis_center_court.jpg)
Police patrolling and watching from a rooftop near the tennis venue
In December 2018, the Japanese government chose to ban drones from flying over venues being used for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. A similar ban was also imposed for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which Japan also hosted.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-120) In January 2020, counterterrorism drills began in different parts where the Games would take place, after intelligence data showed that terrorist groups could have carried out an attack to seek worldwide attention.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-121) In July 2021, prior to the start of the Games, the [Japan Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Coast_Guard "Japan Coast Guard") conducted [counterterrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterterrorism "Counterterrorism") drills in the [Tokyo Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bay "Tokyo Bay"). The drill consisted of two [inflatable boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflatable_boat "Inflatable boat") trying to stop a suspicious ship from getting to shore.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-122)
Applications for volunteering at the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were accepted beginning on September 26, 2018. By January 18, 2019, a total of 204,680 applications had been received by the Tokyo Organizing Committee.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-123) Interviews to select the requisite number of volunteers began in February 2019, with training scheduled to take place in October 2019.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-124) Volunteers at the venues were to be known as "Field Cast", and volunteers in the city were to be known as "City Cast". These names were chosen from a [shortlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_list "Short list") of four from an original 150 pairs of names; the other three shortlisted names were "Shining Blue" and "Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor" and "City Anchor", and "Games Force" and "City Force". The names were chosen by people who had applied to be volunteers at the Games.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-125)
As of early June 2021, approximately 10,000 out of the 80,000 registered volunteers resigned from the Games. Media attributed the rise in pandemic cases as the reason for massive quitting.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-126) More volunteer assignments were expected to be cancelled due to the spectator ban.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-127)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mykhailo_Romanchuk_on_the_podium_at_Tokyo_2020.jpg)
Due to COVID-19 protocols, the medals were presented to the athletes on a tray and each athlete was asked to put on their own medal, rather than have it placed around their neck by a dignitary.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-128)
In February 2017, the Tokyo Organizing Committee announced an [electronics recycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_recycling "Electronics recycling") program in partnership with Japan Environmental Sanitation Center and [NTT Docomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT_Docomo "NTT Docomo"), soliciting donations of electronics, such as mobile phones, to be reclaimed as materials for the medals. Aiming to collect eight tonnes of metals to produce the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, collection boxes were deployed at public locations and NTT Docomo retail shops in April 2017.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-129)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-130) A design competition for the medals was launched in December of that year.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-131)
In May 2018, the organizing committee reported that they had obtained half the required 2,700 kilograms of bronze but were struggling to obtain the required amount of silver; although bronze and silver medals purely utilize their respective materials, IOC requirements mandate that gold medals utilize silver as a base.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-132) The collection of bronze was completed in November 2018, with the remainder estimated to have been completed by March 2019.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-133)
On July 24, 2019 (one year ahead of the originally scheduled opening ceremony), the designs of the medals were unveiled.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-134)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-TOCOG_medal_design-135) The medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games were designed by Junichi Kawanishi following a nationwide competition.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-136) A new feature shared with the [Paralympic medals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics#Medals "2020 Summer Paralympics") is that the ribbons contain one, two, or three [silicone convex lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_graphic "Tactile graphic") to distinguish gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-TOCOG_medal_design-135)
**Medals used in the games**
The slogan of the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay was "Hope Lights Our Way".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC2020_Torch_Relay-137)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Torch_Relay-138)
As determined by a 2009 IOC ruling that banned international torch relays for any future Olympic Games,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-139) the 2020 Summer Olympics torch was scheduled to only visit two countries: Greece and host nation Japan. The first phase of the relay began on March 12, 2020, with the traditional flame lighting ceremony at the [Temple of Hera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia "Temple of Hera, Olympia") in [Olympia, Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia,_Greece "Olympia, Greece"). The torch then travelled to [Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens "Athens"), where the Greek leg of the relay culminated in a handover ceremony at the [Panathenaic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium "Panathenaic Stadium") on March 19, during which the torch was transferred to the Japanese contingent.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-IOC2020_Torch_Relay-137) The flame was placed inside a special lantern and transported from [Athens International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens_International_Airport "Athens International Airport") on a chartered flight to [Higashimatsushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashimatsushima "Higashimatsushima") in Japan. The torch was then expected to begin the second phase of its journey on March 20, as it traveled for one week around the three most affected areas of the [2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami")—[Miyagi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture "Miyagi Prefecture"), [Iwate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture "Iwate Prefecture") and [Fukushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture "Fukushima Prefecture")—where it would go on display under the heading "Flame of Recovery". After leaving [Naraha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraha,_Fukushima "Naraha, Fukushima") on March 26, the torch would commence its main relay around Japan, incorporating all 47 [prefectural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan "Prefectures of Japan") capitals.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Torch_Relay-138)
After the decision to postpone the Games, the torch was placed again in a special lantern on display in the city of Fukushima for a month. Then, the lantern was transferred to the Tokyo prefecture, where it was kept safe until the restart of the relay in 2021.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-140) On July 23, 2020 (one year ahead of the rescheduled opening ceremony), a promotional video was released featuring Japanese swimmer [Rikako Ikee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikako_Ikee "Rikako Ikee") carrying the lantern inside Japan National Stadium, drawing comparisons between emergence from the pandemic and her own return to sport after being diagnosed with [leukemia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia "Leukemia").[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-141) On August 20, 2020, it was announced that the torch relay would begin again in Naraha, Fukushima on March 25, 2021, nearly a year later than originally planned.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Olympic_Flame_exhibit-142)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-143)
The final course of the relay was altered due to concerns regarding public health concerns about gatherings along the route (e.g., the Miyakojima leg was canceled), and the relay was held without spectators due to states of emergency in some regions (e.g., Matsuyama, Hiroshima, Hyōgo, and Okayama).[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-144) The relay ended at Tokyo's [National Stadium (Olympic Stadium)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") on July 23, with tennis player [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka") lighting the Olympic cauldron at the finale of the [opening ceremony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony").[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-145) The cauldron lit in the Olympic Stadium was only used during the opening and closing ceremonies: a separate cauldron was lit on the Tokyo waterfront for public view at the [Yume No Ohashi Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Bridge "Dream Bridge") in [Odaiba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaiba "Odaiba"), making it only the second time in Olympic history where the cauldron was not displayed in the athletics stadium, the other time being in 2016.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-146)
### Biosecurity protocols
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Biosecurity protocols")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympics_in_Ariake,_tennis_center_court_entrance_2.jpg)
Temperature check and COVID-19 countermeasures at the tennis venue
In February 2021, the IOC began releasing "playbooks" containing details on planned COVID-19 [biosecurity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosecurity "Biosecurity") protocols for athletes, officials, the press, and other staff, including standard protocols such as practicing [social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing"), hygiene, wearing face masks (outside of training and competition for athletes), and being restricted from visiting bars, restaurants, shops, and other tourist areas around [Greater Tokyo Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area "Greater Tokyo Area"), or using public transport unless otherwise permitted. Participants would be asked to use Japan's COCOA [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") app and would be tested at least every four days. Athletes who tested positive would be unable to compete and could be quarantined at a government facility (although leeway would be given in the event of false positives). Close contacts would also need to test negative to be cleared for competition. Athletes would be discouraged from "excessive" celebrations because the actions could spread infected droplets.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-147)[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-148)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) The playbooks were criticized in a paper published by *[The New England Journal of Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine "The New England Journal of Medicine")* in May 2021, for lacking "scientifically rigorous risk assessment" and failing to "distinguish the various levels of risk faced by athletes". The playbook stated that athletes were required to arrive up to five days prior to the start of the competition and to leave within 48 hours of being eliminated from their sport or the conclusion of the competitions.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-150)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-151)
The IOC recommended the [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination "Vaccination") of athletes against COVID-19 if [vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") were available to them, but this was not a prerequisite for participation and the IOC advised against athletes "jumping the queue" to obtain priority over essential populations.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-152) On March 12, 2021, Thomas Bach announced that in nations where they were approved for use, the [Chinese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee "Chinese Olympic Committee") had offered to cover the costs of the Chinese [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") and the [Sinopharm BIBP vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") for athletes competing in the 2020 Summer Olympics and [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics"), and would purchase two doses for their nation's general public for each vaccinated athlete.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-153) On May 6, 2021, [Pfizer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer "Pfizer") announced it would donate doses of [its vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") to NOCs competing in Tokyo.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-154)
Approximately 93,000 athletes and officials were exempt from the quarantine rules upon arriving in Japan, provided they remained in areas separated from the local population. With around 300,000 local staff and volunteers entering and exiting these bubbles, and 20,000 vaccine doses allocated for this group, this led to concerns of COVID-19 spreading both during the Games and when teams returned to their countries.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-155)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-156)
Due to international travel restrictions, the organizing committee announced in March 2021 that no international guests (including spectators, and friends and family members of the athletes) would be allowed to attend the Games. As per existing guidance for spectator sports in Japan, spectators would be asked to refrain from cheering or shouting.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) On June 19, 2021, Governor Koike announced that plans for public viewing events for the Games had been scrapped, in order to use the planned venues (such as [Yoyogi Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoyogi_Park "Yoyogi Park")) as mass vaccination sites instead.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-157) On June 21, it was announced that all venues would be capped at a maximum of 10,000 ticketed spectators or 50% capacity, whichever was lower.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-158)
On July 2, 2021, the new TOCOG president Seiko Hashimoto warned that there was still a possibility of the Games being held [behind closed doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_\(sport\) "Behind closed doors (sport)") because of rising COVID-19 cases in the country.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-159)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-160) Japan's slow vaccination rate was of particular concern.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162) A simulation run by the [University of Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyo "University of Tokyo") in May 2021 projected that a new wave of infections could peak in mid-October if the Games went on after the existing state of emergency in Tokyo had expired.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-163)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-164)
On July 8, 2021, after Tokyo had recorded 920 new COVID-19 cases (its highest increase since May), Prime Minister Suga declared a new state of emergency in the Tokyo area from July 12 through August 22 (ending only two days before the Paralympics' opening ceremony), and announced that all events at venues in the area would therefore be held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted. Hashimoto stated that "it is extremely regrettable that the Games will be staged in a very limited manner in the face of the spread of novel coronavirus infections." IOC President Thomas Bach stated that "we will support any measure which is necessary to have a safe and secure Olympic and Paralympic Games for the Japanese people and all the participants."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:4-165)
The announcement stated that spectators would still be allowed at events being held outside of Tokyo, subject to the approval by local health authorities and the aforementioned 50%/10,000-spectator limit. The [prefectures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan "Prefectures of Japan") of [Fukushima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture "Fukushima Prefecture"), [Hokkaido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido "Hokkaido"), and [Ibaraki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture "Ibaraki Prefecture") announced they would prohibit spectators at events held in the areas.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-166) The opening ceremony was expected to be limited to fewer than 1,000 VIP guests, including IOC representatives and dignitaries,[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:3-167) while some events did allow members of other competing delegations to occupy spectator seats as well.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-168) School students were invited to watch football matches in Ibaraki.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-169)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-170)
On July 16, it was reported that Bach had asked Prime Minister Suga about the possibility of restrictions on spectators being eased later on if COVID-19 conditions were to improve in Tokyo.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:3-167) However, on August 2, Suga announced that all existing state of emergency declarations would be extended through August 31, and be extended to Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and parts of Osaka.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-171)
The opening ceremony tickets were expected to range from ¥12,000 to ¥300,000, with a maximum price of ¥130,000 for the finals of the athletics [track and field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_and_field "Track and field") events.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2020-172) The average ticket price was ¥7,700, with half the tickets being sold for up to ¥8,000. A symbolic ticket price of ¥2,020 was expected for families, groups resident in Japan, and in conjunction with a school program.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2020-172) Tickets would be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan and by mail order to Japanese addresses through the internet.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-173) International guests, had they been allowed, would have needed to visit Japan during the sales period, or arrange to buy tickets through a third party such as a [travel agent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_agent "Travel agent").[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-174)
Tickets went on general sale in Japan in the autumn of 2019 and were expected to be sold globally from June 2020; however, this plan was suspended when the Games were postponed on March 24, 2020. The Tokyo Organizing Committee confirmed that tickets already purchased would remain valid for the same sessions according to the new schedule and that refunds were also being offered.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tickets2021-175)
On March 20, 2021, it was announced that due to COVID-19-related concerns, no international guests would be allowed to attend the 2020 Olympics or Paralympics. This included spectators, as well as the friends and family of athletes. All overseas ticketholders would be refunded.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) Hashimoto cited uncertainties surrounding international [travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic"), and goals to preserve the safety of all participants and spectators, and not place a burden on the [health care system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan "Health care system in Japan").[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-WaPo-tickets-149) It was ultimately announced in July that all local spectators were not allowed to attend any events held in Tokyo, Fukushima, and Hokkaido.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:1-161)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:2-162)[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:4-165)
A cultural program known as Nippon Festival was scheduled to coincide with the Olympics and Paralympics, running from April to September 2021 as a series of streaming events held by the Tokyo Organizing Committee and other partners. The events reflected the themes of "Participation and Interaction", "Towards the Realization of an Inclusive Society", and "Reconstruction of the Tohoku Region". The program was either downsized or reformatted to [virtual format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_event "Virtual event") due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the Games.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-176) One of these events was a concert held on July 18, which featured J-rock band [Wanima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanima "Wanima"), choreography by dancers Aio Yamada and Tuki Takamura, and the presentation of animated "creatures" based on illustrations "embodying the thoughts and emotions of people from across the world".[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-177)
The original plans for Nippon Festival included events such as *[Kabuki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki "Kabuki") x [Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan "Theatre of Japan")* (a concert that would have featured stage actor [Ichikawa Ebizō XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichikawa_Ebiz%C5%8D_XI "Ichikawa Ebizō XI"), opera singers Anna Pirozzi and [Erwin Schrott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrott "Erwin Schrott"), and the [Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Philharmonic_Orchestra "Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra")), an arts and culture festival focusing on disabilities,[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-178)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-179)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-180)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-181) and a special two-day exhibition [sumo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo "Sumo") tournament at the [Ryōgoku Kokugikan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dgoku_Kokugikan "Ryōgoku Kokugikan") shortly after the Olympics—which would have differed significantly from the traditional bi-monthly *[Honbasho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honbasho "Honbasho")* tournaments, and featured special commentary in English and Japanese to help explain to spectators the customs and traditions of professional sumo, which are deeply rooted in the [Shinto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto "Shinto") religion.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-182)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-183)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drones_durante_a_abertura_das_Olimp%C3%ADadas_de_T%C3%B3quio.jpg)
A scene from the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Stadium, with [drones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle "Unmanned aerial vehicle") flying around and creating the official logo of the Games
The opening ceremony was held on July 23, 2021, in the [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") in Tokyo. It included the traditional [Parade of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_Parade_of_Nations "2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations"). Emperor [Naruhito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruhito "Naruhito") formally opened the Games, and at the end of the [torch relay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay "2020 Summer Olympics torch relay"), the Olympic cauldron was lit by Japanese tennis player [Naomi Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Osaka "Naomi Osaka").[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-ingle-184)
For the first time in the history of Olympic Games, it was decided that one male and one female from each country would take turns holding flags and serve as two of them.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-185) This was done by embodying the "Agenda 2020" set during President Bach's term.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-186)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-187)
A moment of silence was observed in the opening ceremony for the victims of [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the [2011 earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami"), and the [Munich massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre "Munich massacre").[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-188)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg)
[Nippon Budokan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Budokan "Nippon Budokan")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_Ariake_Arena.jpg)
[Ariake Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Arena "Ariake Arena")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre.jpg)
[Ariake Gymnastics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre "Ariake Gymnastics Centre")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_Aquatics_Centre.jpg)
[Tokyo Aquatics Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Aquatics_Centre "Tokyo Aquatics Centre")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kokuritsu_Yoyogi_Ky%C5%8Dgij%C5%8D_1.jpg)
[Yoyogi Gymnasium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium "Yoyogi National Gymnasium")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saitama_Super_Arena_02.jpg)
[Saitama Super Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Super_Arena "Saitama Super Arena")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ryogoku_Kokugikan-1a.jpg)
[Ryogoku Kokugikan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryogoku_Kokugikan "Ryogoku Kokugikan")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Fuji_from_Osaki_Park_\(Zushi\).jpg)
[Enoshima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoshima "Enoshima") Yacht Harbor, Kanagawa
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%87%A3%E3%83%B6%E5%B4%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E6%9C%9B%E3%82%80%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%AA%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85.jpg)
Tsurigasaki Beach, Chiba
The event program for the Games was approved by the IOC executive board on June 9, 2017. IOC president Thomas Bach stated that their goal was to give the Games "youthful" and "urban" appeal, and to increase the number of female participants.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-cbc-3on32020-189)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-mixedgender2020-190)
The Games featured 339 medal events in 33 different sports, encompassing a total of 51 disciplines. [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate "Karate"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing "Sport climbing"), [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing "Surfing"), and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding "Skateboarding") made their Olympic debut, while baseball and softball also made a one-off return to the Summer Olympics for the first time since 2008. 15 new events within existing sports were also added, including [3×3 basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3x3_basketball "3x3 basketball"), [freestyle BMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_BMX "Freestyle BMX"), and the return of [madison cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_\(cycling\) "Madison (cycling)"), as well as nine new mixed events in several sports (table tennis, archery, judo, shooting (3), triathlon, 4 × 400 m relay running, and 4 × 100 m medley swimming).[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:7-191)
In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-:7-191)
| 2020 Summer Olympic Sports program | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| | | | |
| Aquatics  [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Marathon swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marathon swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (35)  [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (48)  [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5) Baseball  [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (1)  [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (1)  [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Basketball (2) 3×3 basketball (2) |  [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Slalom (4) Sprint (12)  [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") BMX freestyle (2) BMX racing (2) Mountain biking (2) Road cycling (4) Track cycling (12)  [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2)  [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2) |  [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Artistic (14) Rhythmic (2) Trampoline (2)  [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Kata (2) Kumite (6)  [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10) |  [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Volleyball (2) Beach volleyball (2)  [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") Freestyle (12) Greco-Roman (6) |
#### New and Optional sports
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: New and Optional sports")\]
On February 12, 2013, with a remit to control the cost of the Games and ensure they were "relevant to sports fans of all generations", the IOC Executive Board recommended the removal of one of the 26 sports contested at the [2012 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics "2012 Summer Olympics"), leaving a vacancy the IOC would seek to fill at the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session"). The new entrant would join golf and rugby sevens (which would both debut in [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics "2016 Summer Olympics")) as part of the program of 28 "core" sports. Five sports were shortlisted for removal, including canoe, field hockey, modern pentathlon, taekwondo, and wrestling. In the final round of voting by the executive board, eight members voted to remove wrestling from the Olympic program. Field hockey and taekwondo tied in second with three votes each.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-192)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-193)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-194)
The 2013 decision to drop wrestling after Rio 2016 surprised many media outlets, given that the sport's role in the Olympics dates back to the [ancient Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games "Ancient Olympic Games"), and was included in the original program for the modern Games. *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* felt that the decision was based on the shortage of well-known talent and the absence of women's events in the sport.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-wp-dropped-195)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-196)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-nowrestling-197) Out of the shortlist from the IOC vote, wrestling was duly added to the shortlist of applicants for inclusion in the 2020 Games, alongside the seven new sports put forward for consideration.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-wp-dropped-195)
On May 29, 2013, it was announced that three of the eight sports under consideration had made the final shortlist: [baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball "Baseball")/[softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball "Softball"), [squash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_\(sport\) "Squash (sport)"), and wrestling.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-198) The other five sports were rejected at this point: [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate "Karate"), [roller sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_sport "Roller sport"), [sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing "Sport climbing"), [wakeboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakeboarding "Wakeboarding"), and [wushu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wushu_\(sport\) "Wushu (sport)").[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-199) At the [125th IOC Session](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_IOC_Session "125th IOC Session") on September 8, 2013, wrestling was chosen to be included in the Olympic program for 2020 and [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics"). Wrestling secured 49 votes, while baseball/softball and squash received 24 votes and 22 votes, respectively.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-200)
With the adoption of the *Olympic Agenda 2020* in December 2014, the IOC shifted from a "sport-based" approach to the Olympic program to an "event-based" program—establishing that organizing committees may propose discretionary events to be included in the program to improve local interest.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-201)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-202) As a result of these changes, a shortlist of eight new proposed sports was unveiled on June 22, 2015, consisting of baseball/softball, [bowling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling "Bowling"), karate, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, [surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing "Surfing"), and wushu.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-203) On September 28, 2015, the Tokyo Organizing Committee submitted their shortlist of five proposed sports to the IOC: baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, and [skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding "Skateboarding").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-bbc-fivenew-204) These five new sports were approved on August 3, 2016, by the IOC during the 129th IOC Session in [Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro "Rio de Janeiro"), Brazil, and were included in the sports program for 2020 only, bringing the total number of sports at the 2020 Olympics to 33.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-205)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-206)
A total of 56 test events were scheduled to take place in the run-up to the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. Two of the events were held in late 2018, but the main test event schedule commenced in June 2019 and was originally due to be completed in May 2020 prior to the start of the Olympics. Several of the events were incorporated into pre-existing championships, but some had been newly created specifically to serve as Olympic test events for the 2020 Summer Games.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-207)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-208)
In February 2019, it was announced that the test events would be branded under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". The Tokyo Organizing Committee was responsible for 22 of the test events, with the remaining events being arranged by national and international sports federations. The first test event was World Sailing's [World Cup Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_World_Cup "Sailing World Cup"), held at [Enoshima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoshima "Enoshima") in September 2018. The last scheduled event was the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet, which was originally due to take place at the [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium "Japan National Stadium") on May 6, 2020.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-209)
All test events originally scheduled to take place from March 12, 2020 onwards were postponed due to COVID-19, with the test event calendar to be reviewed during the preparations for the rescheduled Games.[\[k\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-210)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Test_Event_Calendar-211)
## Participating National Olympic Committees
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees")\]
The Republic of Macedonia has competed under the provisional name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" in every Summer and Winter Games since its debut in [1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics "1996 Summer Olympics") because of the [disputed status of its official name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute "Macedonia naming dispute"). The naming disputes with Greece ended in 2018 with the signing of the [Prespa agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prespa_agreement "Prespa agreement"), and the country was officially renamed [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia "North Macedonia") in February 2019. The new name was immediately recognized by the IOC, although the Olympic Committee of North Macedonia (NMOC) was not officially adopted until February 2020. The NMOC sent a delegation to the [2020 Winter Youth Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics "2020 Winter Youth Olympics") in January 2020, but the Tokyo Games were North Macedonia's first appearance at the Summer Olympics under its new name.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-212)
Since competing as Swaziland ten times at the Summer and Winter Olympics, [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini "Eswatini") made its debut under that name after the renaming of the country by the [king](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwenyama "Ngwenyama") in 2018.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-213)
On December 9, 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with laboratory data it had provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the [Russian Anti-Doping Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anti-Doping_Agency "Russian Anti-Doping Agency") being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared [Russian athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they would be excluded from team sports. The head of WADA's Compliance Review Committee, Jonathan Taylor, stated that the IOC would not be able to use the "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) designation [as it did in 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"), emphasizing that neutral athletes could not be portrayed as representing a specific country.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-214)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-215)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-216) Russia later filed an appeal to the [Court of Arbitration for Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport "Court of Arbitration for Sport") (CAS) against WADA's decision.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-217) After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on December 17, 2020 that the penalty placed on Russia be reduced. Instead of a total ban from all sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but the team would not be permitted to use the Russian name, flag, or anthem for a period of two years and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for "Russia" to be displayed on the team uniform—although it should be no more visible than the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation—as well as the use of the Russian flag's colors within the uniform's design.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-218)
On February 19, 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee"), although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. The ROC team would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-219)
On April 6, 2021, [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") announced it would not participate in the 2020 Summer Olympics because of COVID-19 concerns.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-220) This marked North Korea's first absence from the Summer Olympics since [1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics "1988 Summer Olympics").[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-221) In September, a month after the games concluded, the [Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea "Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea") was banned from participation in the 2022 Winter Olympics, after they failed to participate in the Tokyo Olympics. On July 21, 2021, [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea "Guinea") announced it would not be sending a delegation to the Tokyo Olympics, allegedly due to COVID-19 concerns, though media outlets suggested financial considerations may have been the real motivating factor.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-222) Guinea later reversed the decision and confirmed it would be participating.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-223)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.svg)
Participating nations
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2020_Summer_Olympics_team_numbers.svg)
Country by team size
The following 206 teams qualified (including the 104 [universality places guaranteed in athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification"), under which all 206 NOCs may send competitors regardless of qualification).[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-224)
| [Participating National Olympic Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Category:Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics") |
|---|
|  [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Albania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (38)  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Andorra at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Angola at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (20)  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Antigua and Barbuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (185)  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Armenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (17)  [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (479)  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (73)  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahamas at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahrain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bangladesh at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Barbados at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (103)  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (123)  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belize at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Benin at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bhutan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Botswana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (310)  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brunei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (42)  [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cambodia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cameroon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (378)  [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cape Verde at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Central African Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chad at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (51)  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (410)  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Colombia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (70)  [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Comoros at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cook Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Costa Rica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (60)  [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (70)  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (109)  [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Denmark at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (104)  [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Djibouti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominican Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (65)  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (46)  [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (137)  [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "El Salvador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equatorial Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (13)  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Estonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (33)  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eswatini at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ethiopia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (36)  [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Federated States of Micronesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (45)  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (380)  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gabon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "The Gambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (33)  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (392)  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (375)  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (83)  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Grenada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guatemala at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (24)  [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea-Bissau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guyana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Honduras at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (23)  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (43)  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (172)  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iceland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "India at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (120)  [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Indonesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (28)  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (65)  [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iraq at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ireland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (120)  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (89)  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (384)  [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ivory Coast at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (26)  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (54)  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (556) **(host)**  [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jordan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (14)  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (97)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-225)  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kenya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (85)  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kiribati at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (16)  [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Laos at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (32)  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liberia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Libya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (42)  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (12)  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malawi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (30)  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mali at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malta at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (160)  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Moldova at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (20)  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Monaco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (43)  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (34)  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Morocco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mozambique at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Myanmar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Namibia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nauru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nepal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (267)  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (215)  [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Niger at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (7)  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (53)  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Norway at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (93)  [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Oman at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palestine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Panama at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Papua New Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Paraguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Peru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (35)  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (19)  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (206)  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Portugal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (92)  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (37)  [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (15)  [Refugee Olympic Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (29)  [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (334) [\[l\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-226)  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Romania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (102)  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rwanda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Lucia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (8)  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (31)  [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Senegal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Serbia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (87)  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Seychelles at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sierra Leone at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Singapore at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (23)  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (41)  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (53)  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Solomon Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Somalia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (177)  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Korea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (235)  [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Spain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (328)  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sri Lanka at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Suriname at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sweden at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (133)  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (113)  [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Syria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (68)  [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tajikistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (10)  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tanzania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (41)  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Togo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tonga at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (6)  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (25)  [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (63)  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (105)  [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (9)  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (2)  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (25)  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (149)  [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United Arab Emirates at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (615)  [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uruguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (11)  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (67)  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vanuatu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (3)  [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Venezuela at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (44)  [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (18)  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (4)  [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Yemen at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5)  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (27)  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zimbabwe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") (5) |
### Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee")\]
There were 11,420 [athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlete "Athlete") from 206 [NOCs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee "National Olympic Committee"):[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Kyodo_20220621-4)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-227)
| [Ranking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking "Ranking") | [NOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes") | [Athletes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletes "Athletes") |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 615 |
| 2 |  [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") **(Host)** | 556 |
| 3 |  [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 478 |
| 4 |  [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 425 |
| 5 |  [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "China at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 406 |
| 6 |  [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "France at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 398 |
| 7 |  [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 384 |
| 8 |  [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 381 |
| 9 |  [Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 376 |
| 10 |  [ROC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 335 |
| 11 |  [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Spain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 321 |
| 12 |  [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 302 |
| 13 |  [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 278 |
| 14 |  [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Korea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 237 |
| 15 |  [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 211 |
| 16 |  [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 210 |
| 17 |  [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 189 |
| 18 |  [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 177 |
| 19 |  [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 166 |
| 20 |  [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 162 |
| 21 |  [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 155 |
| 22 |  [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sweden at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 134 |
| 23 |  [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 133 |
| 24 |  [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "India at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 122 |
| 25 |  [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 121 |
| 26 |  [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ireland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 116 |
| 27 |  [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 115 |
| 28 |  [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 108 |
| 29 |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 107 |
| 30 |  [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Denmark at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 107 |
| 31 |  [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 103 |
| 32 |  [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Romania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 101 |
| 33 |  [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 93 |
| 34 |  [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Portugal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 92 |
| 35 |  [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 90 |
| 36 |  [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Serbia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 86 |
| 37 |  [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kenya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 85 |
| 38 |  [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 83 |
| 39 |  [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Norway at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 75 |
| 40 |  [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Colombia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 70 |
| 41 |  [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 70 |
| 42 |  [Chinese Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 68 |
| 43 |  [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 66 |
| 44 |  [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 65 |
| 45 |  [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominican Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 62 |
| 46 |  [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 62 |
| 47 |  [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 60 |
| 48 |  [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 60 |
| 49 |  [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 59 |
| 50 |  [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 58 |
| 51 |  [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 53 |
| 52 |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 50 |
| 53 |  [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Morocco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 50 |
| 54 |  [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 48 |
| 55 |  [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Hong Kong at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 46 |
| 56 |  [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 45 |
| 57 |  [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 58 |  [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Venezuela at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 59 |  [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Azerbaijan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 44 |
| 60 |  [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mongolia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 43 |
| 61 |  [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 62 |  [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 63 |  [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lithuania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 42 |
| 64 |  [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 41 |
| 65 |  [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ethiopia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 38 |
| 66 |  [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Puerto Rico at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 37 |
| 67 |  [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 35 |
| 68 |  [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Peru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 35 |
| 69 |  [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Montenegro at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 34 |
| 70 |  [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 33 |
| 71 |  [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Estonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 33 |
| 72 |  [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahrain at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 32 |
| 73 |  [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 30 |
| 74 |  [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malaysia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 30 |
| 75 |  [Refugee Olympic Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee_Olympic_Team_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 29 |
| 76 |  [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 29 |
| 77 |  [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Indonesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 28 |
| 78 |  [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ivory Coast at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 28 |
| 79 |  [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 26 |
| 80 |  [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 25 |
| 81 |  [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guatemala at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 24 |
| 82 |  [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Singapore at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 23 |
| 83 |  [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Honduras at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 22 |
| 84 |  [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 22 |
| 85 |  [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Angola at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 20 |
| 86 |  [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Moldova at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 20 |
| 87 |  [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Philippines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 19 |
| 88 |  [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 18 |
| 89 |  [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Armenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 17 |
| 90 |  [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bahamas at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 91 |  [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 92 |  [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Qatar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 16 |
| 93 |  [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cyprus at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 15 |
| 94 |  [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Costa Rica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 95 |  [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 96 |  [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jordan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 14 |
| 97 |  [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Botswana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 13 |
| 98 |  [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eritrea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 13 |
| 99 |  [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cameroon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 12 |
| 100 |  [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Luxembourg at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 12 |
| 101 |  [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kosovo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 102 |  [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 103 |  [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Namibia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 104 |  [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tajikistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 105 |  [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Uruguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 11 |
| 106 |  [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mozambique at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 107 |  [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Pakistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 108 |  [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Panama at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 10 |
| 109 |  [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Albania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 110 |  [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Senegal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 111 |  [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sri Lanka at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 112 |  [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 9 |
| 113 |  [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Barbados at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 114 |  [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 115 |  [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 116 |  [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 117 |  [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Papua New Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 118 |  [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Paraguay at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 119 |  [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 8 |
| 120 |  [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Benin at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 121 |  [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 122 |  [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burkina Faso at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 123 |  [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 124 |  [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guyana at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 125 |  [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Niger at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 7 |
| 126 |  [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "American Samoa at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 127 |  [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Antigua and Barbuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 128 |  [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bangladesh at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 129 |  [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 130 |  [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cape Verde at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 131 |  [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cook Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 132 |  [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Grenada at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 133 |  [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 134 |  [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lebanon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 135 |  [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Madagascar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 136 |  [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malta at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 137 |  [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Monaco at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 138 |  [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rwanda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 139 |  [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Syria at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 140 |  [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tonga at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 6 |
| 141 |  [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 142 |  [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bolivia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 143 |  [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cayman Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 144 |  [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "El Salvador at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 145 |  [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gabon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 146 |  [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guam at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 147 |  [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 148 |  [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liechtenstein at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 149 |  [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Malawi at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 150 |  [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nepal at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 151 |  [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Oman at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 152 |  [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palestine at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 153 |  [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Lucia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 154 |  [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "San Marino at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 155 |  [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Seychelles at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 156 |  [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 157 |  [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "United Arab Emirates at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 158 |  [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Yemen at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 159 |  [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Zimbabwe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 5 |
| 160 |  [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bhutan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 161 |  [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Djibouti at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 162 |  [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Eswatini at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 163 |  [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "The Gambia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 164 |  [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Guinea-Bissau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 165 |  [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iceland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 166 |  [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Iraq at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 167 |  [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Laos at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 168 |  [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Libya at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 169 |  [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 170 |  [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mali at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 171 |  [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sierra Leone at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 172 |  [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Togo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 173 |  [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 4 |
| 174 |  [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 175 |  [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Belize at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 176 |  [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "British Virgin Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 177 |  [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cambodia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 178 |  [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Chad at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 179 |  [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Comoros at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 180 |  [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Timor-Leste at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 181 |  [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equatorial Guinea at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 182 |  [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Federated States of Micronesia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 183 |  [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Kiribati at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 184 |  [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Liberia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 185 |  [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Myanmar at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 186 |  [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Palau at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 187 |  [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Republic of the Congo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 188 |  [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 189 |  [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 190 |  [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Solomon Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 191 |  [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Suriname at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 192 |  [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tanzania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 193 |  [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Vanuatu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 3 |
| 194 |  [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Andorra at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 195 |  [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Bermuda at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 196 |  [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Brunei at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 197 |  [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Central African Republic at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 198 |  [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 199 |  [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 200 |  [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 201 |  [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Mauritania at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 202 |  [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Nauru at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 203 |  [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Somalia at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 204 |  [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 205 |  [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "South Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| 206 |  [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | 2 |
| Total | 11,483 | |
The 2020 schedule by session was approved by the IOC Executive Board on 18 July 2018, with the exception of swimming, diving, and artistic swimming. A more detailed schedule by event was released on 16 April 2019, still omitting a detailed schedule for the boxing events.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-228)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-229) A detailed boxing schedule was released in late 2019.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-230)
The original schedule was from 22 July to 9 August 2020. To postpone the Olympics until 2021, all events were delayed by 364 days (one day less than a full year to preserve the same days of the week), giving a new schedule of 21 July to 8 August 2021.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-231)
*All times and dates use [Japan Standard Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time "Japan Standard Time") ([UTC+9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B9 "UTC+9"))*
| | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [**OC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | **1** | Gold medal events | [**CC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | Closing ceremony |
| July/August 2021 | July | August | Events | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 31st Sat | 1st Sun | 2nd Mon | 3rd Tue | 4th Wed | 5th Thu | 6th Fri | 7th Sat | 8th Sun | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Rings_Icon.svg) Ceremonies | | | [**OC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [**CC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony "2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony") | N/a | |
| Aquatics | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synchronized_swimming_pictogram.svg) [Artistic swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | | ● | **1** | | **49** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diving_pictogram.svg) [Diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | **●** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | **●** | **1** | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open_water_swimming_pictogram.svg) [Marathon swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swimming_pictogram.svg) [Swimming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | **4** | **4** | **4** | **5** | **5** | **4** | **4** | **5** | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_polo_pictogram.svg) [Water polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archery_pictogram.svg) [Archery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Athletics_pictogram.svg) [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **3** | **4** | **5** | **6** | **5** | **8** | **8** | **7** | **1** | **48** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_pictogram.svg) [Badminton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | **2** | | | | | | | **5** | |
| Baseball/Softball | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baseball_pictogram.svg) [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | | **1** | | **1** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Softball_pictogram.svg) [Softball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | ● | ● | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | |
| [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basketball_pictogram.svg) Basketball | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3x3_basketball_pictogram.svg) 3×3 Basketball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boxing_pictogram.svg) [Boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **4** | **4** | **13** | |
| [Canoeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canoeing_\(slalom\)_pictogram.svg) Slalom | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | ● | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | **16** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canoeing_\(flatwater\)_pictogram.svg) Sprint | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **4** | ● | **4** | ● | **4** | | | |
| [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(road\)_pictogram.svg) Road cycling | | | | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | **22** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(track\)_pictogram.svg) Track cycling | | | | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **2** | **1** | **3** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(BMX\)_pictogram.svg) BMX | | | | | | | | | ● | **2** | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_\(mountain_biking\)_pictogram.svg) Mountain biking | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Equestrian_pictogram.svg) [Equestrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | | **1** | **1** | | ● | ● | ● | **2** | ● | **1** | | ● | **1** | | **6** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fencing_pictogram.svg) [Fencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | **12** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Field_hockey_pictogram.svg) [Field hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Football_pictogram.svg) [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | ● | | ● | **1** | **1** | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golf_pictogram.svg) [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | | ● | ● | ● | **1** | | **2** | |
| [Gymnastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(artistic\)_pictogram.svg) Artistic | | | | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **1** | **1** | | | **4** | **3** | **3** | | | | | | **18** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(rhythmic\)_pictogram.svg) Rhythmic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gymnastics_\(trampoline\)_pictogram.svg) Trampolining | | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Handball_pictogram.svg) [Handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Judo_pictogram.svg) [Judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **15** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karate_pictogram.svg) [Karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **3** | **3** | **2** | | **8** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_\(pre-2025\).svg) [Modern pentathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **1** | **1** | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rowing_pictogram.svg) [Rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | ● | ● | ● | | | **6** | **4** | **4** | | | | | | | | | | **14** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rugby_sevens_pictogram.svg) [Rugby sevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | | | | | | | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg) [Sailing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **2** | **2** | | **4** | **2** | | | | | **10** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shooting_pictogram.svg) [Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | ● | **2** | **1** | **2** | ● | **2** | | | | | | | **15** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skateboarding_pictogram.svg) [Skateboarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | **4** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Climbing_pictogram.svg) [Sport climbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_climbing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surfing_pictogram.svg) [Surfing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | ● | ● | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **2** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_tennis_pictogram.svg) [Table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | **1** | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taekwondo_pictogram.svg) [Taekwondo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **2** | **2** | **2** | **2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | **8** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tennis_pictogram.svg) [Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | **3** | | | | | | | | **5** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triathlon_pictogram.svg) [Triathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | **1** | **1** | | | | **1** | | | | | | | | | **3** | |
| [Volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volleyball_\(beach\)_pictogram.svg) Beach volleyball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | **4** |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volleyball_\(indoor\)_pictogram.svg) Volleyball | | | | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | **1** | **1** | | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg) [Weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | | | **2** | **1** | **2** | **1** | **1** | | | | | **14** | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg) [Wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | | | | | | | | | | | | ● | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | **3** | | **18** | |
| Daily medal events | | | | 11 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 17 | 21 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 26 | 17 | 27 | 23 | 34 | 13 | 339 | |
| Cumulative total | | | | 11 | 29 | 50 | 72 | 95 | 112 | 133 | 154 | 179 | 199 | 225 | 242 | 269 | 292 | 326 | 339 | | |
| July/August 2021 | 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 31st Sat | 1st Sun | 2nd Mon | 3rd Tue | 4th Wed | 5th Thu | 6th Fri | 7th Sat | 8th Sun | Total events | |
| July | August | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
\* Host nation ([Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"))
There were two [podium sweeps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podium_sweep "Podium sweep"), as follows:
| Date | Sport | Event | Team | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 July | [Cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Women's cross-country mountain biking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_cross-country "Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country") |  [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Jolanda Neff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolanda_Neff "Jolanda Neff") | [Sina Frei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Frei "Sina Frei") | [Linda Indergand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Indergand "Linda Indergand") | [\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-233) |
| 31 July | [Athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Women's 100 metres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_100_metres "Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres") |  [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics "Jamaica at the 2020 Summer Olympics") | [Elaine Thompson-Herah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Thompson-Herah "Elaine Thompson-Herah") | [Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelly-Ann_Fraser-Pryce "Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce") | [Shericka Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shericka_Jackson "Shericka Jackson") | [\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-234) |
[Naoki Satō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoki_Sat%C5%8D "Naoki Satō") composed the music for the medal ceremonies. Satō chose not to employ any musical elements distinctive to Japan "because victory ceremonies are for athletes from around the world" and he wanted all medalists to "feel at ease" when taking their places on the podium, regardless of their nationality.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-235)
The bouquets presented to the athletes came from regions affected by the [2011 earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_earthquake_and_tsunami "2011 earthquake and tsunami"). The individual flowers were selected to represent the prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima, Iwate, and Tokyo. The [sunflowers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflowers "Sunflowers") were grown in Miyagi, planted by families whose children had died during the disaster; the white and purple [eustomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustoma "Eustoma") and [Solomon's seals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonatum "Polygonatum") were provided by a non-profit initiative to boost the local economy in Fukushima; the small bright blue [gentians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentian "Gentian") were grown in Iwate; and [aspidistras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidistra "Aspidistra"), grown in Tokyo, were chosen to complete the bouquets.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-236)
Per the historical precedent of [swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics "Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics") in Beijing and [figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics") in Pyeongchang, swimming finals were held in the morning to allow live [primetime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime "Primetime") broadcasts in the Americas. [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") paid substantial fees for rights to the Olympics, so the IOC has allowed NBC to influence event scheduling to maximize US television ratings when possible. On May 7, 2014, NBC agreed to a US\$7.75 billion contract extension to air the Olympics through the 2032 games,[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-237) with the company being one of the IOC's major sources of revenue.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-238) Japanese broadcasters were said to have criticized the decision, as swimming is one of the most popular Olympic events in the country.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-239)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-240)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_mascots.svg)
[Miraitowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity") (left), the official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics, and [Someity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity") (right), the official mascot of the [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics")
The official emblems for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on April 25, 2016; designed by Asao Tokolo, who won a nationwide design contest, it takes the form of a ring in an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design was meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-241) The checkered design resembles a pattern called *ichimatsu moyo* that was popular during the [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period") in Japan from 1603 to 1867.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-tokyo2020-emblem-242) The designs replaced a previous emblem that had been scrapped after allegations it [plagiarized the logo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics#Logo_plagiarism "Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics") of the [Théâtre de Liège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Li%C3%A8ge "Théâtre de Liège") in Belgium. The Games' bid slogan was *Discover Tomorrow* ([Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language "Japanese language"): 未来 （ あした ） をつかもう, [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese "Romanization of Japanese"):*Ashita o tsukamō*). While *ashita* literally means "tomorrow", it is [intentionally spelled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana#Other_effects "Furigana") as *mirai*, "future".[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-243) The official slogan *United by Emotion* was unveiled on February 17, 2020. The slogan was used solely in English.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-244)
The official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics was [Miraitowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraitowa_and_Someity "Miraitowa and Someity"), a figure with blue-checkered *ichimatsu moyo* patterns inspired by the Games' official emblem. Its fictional characteristics include the ability to [teleport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleportation "Teleportation").[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Miraitowa_profile-245) Created by Japanese artist Ryo Taniguchi, the mascots were selected from a competition process which took place in late 2017 and early 2018. A total of 2,042 candidate designs were submitted to the Tokyo Organizing Committee, which selected three pairs of unnamed mascot designs to present to Japanese elementary school students for the final decision.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-246)[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-247) The results of the selection were announced on February 28, 2018, and the mascots were named on July 22, 2018. Miraitowa is named after the Japanese words for "future" and "eternity".[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Tokyo2020_Miraitowa_profile-245) The mascots were expected to help finance the Tokyo Games through merchandizing and licensing deals.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-248)
Alongside the main *Emblem blue*, five other colors were used in the branding of the 2020 Games: *[Kurenai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson "Crimson") red*, *Ai blue*, *[Sakura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakura "Sakura") pink*, *[Fuji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_wisteria "Japanese wisteria") purple*, and *Matsuba green*. These five [traditional colors of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan "Traditional colors of Japan") were used as sub-colors to create points of difference in the color variations.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-249)
## Concerns and controversies
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympics&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Concerns and controversies")\]
Several controversial issues occurred during preparations for the Tokyo Games. There were allegations of bribery in the Japanese Olympic Committee's (JOC) bid and of plagiarism in the initial design for the Games' logo. On December 10, 2018, the French financial crimes office began an investigation of [Tsunekazu Takeda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunekazu_Takeda "Tsunekazu Takeda"), the president of the [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Olympic_Committee "Japanese Olympic Committee"), concerning a 2013 scheme to obtain votes from African IOC members in support of Tokyo as host for the 2020 Olympics over Istanbul or Madrid.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-250)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-251) In March 2020, a Japanese businessman admitted to giving gifts, including cameras and watches, to IOC officials to lobby for their support of Tokyo's bid to host the Olympic Games.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-252) The official emblems of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, designed by [Kenjirō Sano](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenjir%C5%8D_Sano&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kenjirō Sano (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E9%87%8E%E7%A0%94%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E "ja:佐野研二郎")\], were unveiled in July 2015 but were withdrawn and replaced following plagiarism accusations.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-253)[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-254) The lawsuit by Olivier Debie, who claimed his logo design was copied, was later dropped, with the designer citing escalating legal costs.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-255)
Mass logging for construction of the Olympic venues received international criticism. Petitions, containing more than 140,000 signatures in total, were delivered to the Japanese embassies in Switzerland and Germany, expressing concerns over claims of using tropical wood sourced from [Shin Yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shin_Yang&action=edit&redlink=1 "Shin Yang (page does not exist)"), a Malaysian company with a record of human rights abuses, illegal logging, and rainforest destruction.[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-256)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-257) In February 2018, the Olympics Organizing Committee admitted that 87% of [plywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywood "Plywood") panels used to build the new national stadium was sourced from endangered rainforests.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-258)
Portions of the Games were scheduled for locations impacted by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent [Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster"). The hosting of events in these locations was promoted as a means of furthering recovery in the regions, with the Games sometimes being promoted as the "Recovery Olympics".[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-259)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-260)
However, the organization of events in these regions faced criticism; Fukushima is considered safe by the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") and the [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"), although scientific studies on the safety of the area are still disputed.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-261) Some Tōhoku residents questioned the decision to use the region as a host site, arguing that preparations for the Games slowed down recovery efforts, and that the region lost workers to projects associated with the Games.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-262)
It was widely reported by international media that [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") had asked the IOC to ban the Japanese [Rising Sun Flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag "Rising Sun Flag") from the 2020 Summer Olympics,[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-263) claiming it to be a symbol of [Japan's imperialist past](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan "Empire of Japan"), recalling "historic scars and pain" for people of Korea just as the [swastika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swastika "Swastika") "reminds Europeans of the nightmare of World War II".[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-264)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-265) Use of the flag in international sporting events such as the Olympic Games is controversial because it was used for waging [aggressive war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_aggression "War of aggression") against many countries in Pacific regions, including the [attack on Pearl Harbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor "Attack on Pearl Harbor").[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-266) According to the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"), the IOC issued a statement in response to South Korea's request, saying, "sports stadiums should be free of any political demonstration. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis."[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-267) Russian and South Korean officials took issue with a map of the torch relay on the Games' official website, which depicted the disputed [Liancourt Rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks "Liancourt Rocks") (governed by South Korea) and [Kuril Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands "Kuril Islands") (governed by Russia since 1945) as part of Japan.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-268)
In February 2021, the TOCOG president Yoshirō Mori resigned, after facing both domestic and international criticisms over his [sexist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexist "Sexist") remarks.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-269)[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-270) The previous conduct of the new president, Seiko Hashimoto, had also drawn criticisms,[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-271) leading her to comment "I regret it and think I should be careful" on one of the accusations.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-272) The head creative director for the opening and closing ceremonies, [Hiroshi Sasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiroshi_Sasaki&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hiroshi Sasaki (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E3%80%85%E6%9C%A8%E5%AE%8F_\(%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC\) "ja:佐々木宏 (クリエイティブディレクター)")\], resigned in March 2021, after making demeaning comments about [Naomi Watanabe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Watanabe "Naomi Watanabe").[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-273)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-274) Sasaki's replacement, [Kentarō Kobayashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentar%C5%8D_Kobayashi "Kentarō Kobayashi"), was dismissed by the Organizing Committee the day before the opening ceremony,[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mainichi-210722b-275)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-AP-210722-276) after it was reported by Japanese media that he had made a joke about [the Holocaust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust "The Holocaust") in a script for his comedy in 1998, saying "Let's play Holocaust."[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-SWC-210721-277) On the eve of the opening ceremony, Yoshihide Suga, the [Prime Minister of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan "Prime Minister of Japan") and the Supreme Advisor of the Organizing Committee,[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-278) described Kobayashi's jokes as "outrageous and unacceptable", but also said that the opening ceremony, which was directed by Kobayashi, should proceed as planned.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-BBC-210722-279)
The composer for the opening ceremony, [Keigo Oyamada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_\(musician\) "Cornelius (musician)"), resigned days before the ceremony after growing criticism of his past bullying of people with apparent [disabilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability "Disability"), such as [Down syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome "Down syndrome").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Mainichi-210716-280)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-NBC-210721-281) On July 16, a week before the opening ceremony, TOCOG announced their support of Oyamada as a composer and vowed not to change his selection for the ceremonies,[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-AsahiShimbun-210717-282)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Jiji-210716-283) but growing criticism forced him to announce his resignation on July 19.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-284)[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-285) The opening ceremony music included arrangements of video game soundtracks originating in Japan; however, this included music from the *[Dragon Quest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Quest "Dragon Quest")* series, composed by [Koichi Sugiyama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama "Koichi Sugiyama") whom *[The Daily Beast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast "The Daily Beast")* described as "notoriously homophobic and ultranationalist", leading to further criticism of the Organizing Committee.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-286)
Officials reported that by early June 2021, about 10,000 of the 80,000 registered volunteers had quit.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Chie_Kobayashi,_Selina_Wang_and_Joshua_Berlinger-287) "There's no doubt that one of the reasons is concern over coronavirus infections," the chief executive of the Organizing Committee said,[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-288) also stating he did not believe this would impact the operation of the Games.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-Chie_Kobayashi,_Selina_Wang_and_Joshua_Berlinger-287) On July 23, hundreds of anti-Olympic protestors gathered outside the Japan National Stadium before the opening ceremony. Security guards blocked reporters from leaving the stadium to interview protestors.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-289) In total, more than 60,000 police were mobilized for security during the Games, and police were regularly deployed to break up public displays of protest, including tackling protestors on their way to join the anti-Olympic protest in Sendagaya during the closing ceremony on September 5, 2021. This overwhelming police presence, including plainclothes police officers who encircled the protest area, "served as an effective tool to criminalize a peaceful rally and to maintain a frightening image of open protest."[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-290)
Writing for *[The Conversation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_\(website\) "The Conversation (website)")*, Olympic scholar [MacIntosh Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacIntosh_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1 "MacIntosh Ross (page does not exist)") raised concerns about the relationship between the [IOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC "IOC") and [WHO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO "WHO"), suggesting the organizations showed a lack of concern for the health of Japanese citizens and Olympians. As Ross explained, "when the IOC and WHO support a global mega-event held during a pandemic, it's difficult to believe that the well-being of the host nation remains a priority."[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-291) Similarly, Japan scholars O'Shea and Maslow remarked, "International media coverage and commentary runs the gamut from sometimes scathing critique for attempting to pull off a 'pandemic games', to praise and plaudits for successfully pulling off a 'pandemic games'. Still, the story that Japan—or at least the LDP—wanted to tell, of a newly reborn and 'normal' Japan (re-)entering the world stage remained untold. Instead, the story of the 2020/2021 Tokyo Olympics was more mundane, that of a state doing a decent job of managing Covid and hosting a mega-event against the wishes of many of its inhabitants."[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-292)
A number of controversies arose during the Games, most notably the attempted repatriation on August 1 of Belarusian sprinter [Krystsina Tsimanouskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystsina_Tsimanouskaya "Krystsina Tsimanouskaya"), allegedly for her criticism of the national sports authorities and team management.[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-293) Refusing to return to [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus "Belarus"), over fears for her safety,[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-294) Tsimanouskaya sought assistance from the IOC and traveled to [Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw "Warsaw"), Poland, on August 4 after being granted a [humanitarian visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_visa "Humanitarian visa") by [Tokyo's Polish Embassy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Poland,_Tokyo "Embassy of Poland, Tokyo").[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-295)
Near the end of the Olympics, it was reported that Australian athletes had damaged the village rooms before departure, leaving a pool of vomit on the floor, damaged beds, and a hole in the wall. Australian rugby Olympians also reportedly became drunk on the flight to Sydney, leaving vomit in the plane bathroom and receiving complaints from other passengers. Team Australia chief Ian Chesterman played down the incidents, and said the Olympians would not be punished.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-296)
Algerian judoka [Fethi Nourine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Nourine "Fethi Nourine") and his coach [Amar Benikhlef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Benikhlef "Amar Benikhlef") were suspended for 10 years by the [International Judo Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Judo_Federation "International Judo Federation") after Nourine refused to fight an Israeli athlete at the Olympics.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-297) Nourine said his political support for the Palestinians in the [Israeli–Palestinian conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict "Israeli–Palestinian conflict") made it impossible for him to compete against Israeli athletes.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-298) Sudan's [Mohamed Abdalarasool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Abdalarasool "Mohamed Abdalarasool") also withdrew from the competition to avoid the Israeli athlete.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-299)
After the Olympics concluded, New Zealand diving judge Lisa Wright revealed that during the diving events, [Zhou Jihong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Jihong "Zhou Jihong"), Vice President of [FINA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Aquatics "World Aquatics") from China, allegedly launched a verbal tirade at Wright at the conclusion of the men's 10 m platform final. Wright alleged that Zhou verbally abused her for underscoring Chinese divers.[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-300) Diving New Zealand subsequently complained about the incident to FINA's Ethics Panel. As a result, Zhou was ordered by a FINA Ethics Panel decision[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-paneldecision-301) to write a letter of apology to Wright. A recommendation was also made by the Ethics Panel to disestablish Zhou's position as Diving Bureau Liaison for FINA. The FINA Ethics Panel stated that the incident during the men's platform final was "unfortunate" and led to a "misunderstanding mixed with misjudgement" between Wright and Zhou.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-paneldecision-301) In May 2022, former international diver, Olympic judge, and previous member of FINA's Technical Diving Committee from New Zealand [Simon Latimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Latimer "Simon Latimer") revealed he had sent a whistleblower complaint[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-302) to FINA's Executive Director Brent Nowicki in December 2021 detailing Zhou's alleged "unethical behavior" which also contained allegations that Zhou coached Chinese divers during major events during the 2020 Summer Olympics and she had manipulated judging panels to benefit Chinese athletes. Latimer claimed that Zhou's behavior was tarnishing the reputation of international diving and that she was acting in the interests of China rather than international diving as a whole. Subsequent to Latimer's complaint, video evidence emerged online showing Zhou coaching Chinese divers during competition sessions at the Olympics,[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-303) a behavior considered unethical given her supposedly neutral role as a FINA Vice President and Diving Bureau Liaison.
The Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 reached a global broadcast audience of 3.05 billion people, according to independent research conducted on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Official coverage on Olympic broadcast partners' digital platforms alone generated 28 billion video views in total – representing a 139% increase compared with the Olympic Games Rio 2016 and underlining the changing media landscape and Tokyo 2020's designation as the first streaming Games and the most watched Olympic Games ever on digital platforms.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-304)
[Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corporation "Sony Corporation") and [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") partnered with [NHK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK "NHK") to develop broadcasting standards for [8K resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8K_resolution "8K resolution") television, with a goal to release 8K television sets in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-305)[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-306) In early 2019, Italian broadcaster [RAI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAI "RAI") announced its intention to deploy 8K broadcasting for the Games.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-307) NHK broadcast the opening and closing ceremonies, and coverage of selected events in 8K.[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-308)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-309) Telecom company [NTT Docomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT_Docomo "NTT Docomo") signed a deal with Finland's [Nokia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia "Nokia") to provide [5G](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G "5G")\-ready baseband networks in Japan in time for the Games.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-310)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-311) Japanese audio manufacture [Audio-Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-Technica "Audio-Technica") was selected by NBC Olympics, a division of the [NBC Sports Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Sports_Group "NBC Sports Group"), to provide microphone and headphone equipment for production of the Games.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-312)
- [2020 Summer Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics "2020 Summer Paralympics")
- Olympic Games held in Japan
- [1964 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics "1964 Summer Olympics") – Tokyo
- [1972 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics "1972 Winter Olympics") – Sapporo
- [1998 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics "1998 Winter Olympics") – Nagano
- [2020 Summer Olympics]() – Tokyo
- [List of IOC country codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes "List of IOC country codes")
- [1940 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") – planned in Tokyo
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-1)** The new emblem, created by Asao Tokolo, was introduced at the closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in [Rio de Janeiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro "Rio de Janeiro"), Brazil. Made by checkboards, it expresses a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan. Previously, the original emblem, made by Kenjirō Sano, was scrapped after his design was found to have plagiarized the logo of [Théâtre de Liège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Li%C3%A8ge "Théâtre de Liège"), a Belgian theatre company.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-3)** Only an English motto was used during the Games. There was no Japanese equivalent of the motto adopted.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-2)
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-5)** Named "Olympic Stadium" during the games.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-6)** [Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language "Japanese language"): 2020年夏季オリンピック, [Hepburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization "Hepburn romanization"): *Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku*
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-7)** 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会, *Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai*
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-8)** 東京2020, *Tōkyō Nii Zero Nii Zero*
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-14)** Overseas spectators were first banned in March 2021, followed by residents of Japan in July of that year to avoid any risk of a [superspreading event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-13)
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-17)** Tokyo was set to host the [1940 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") but pulled out in 1938 due to the [Second Sino-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War "Second Sino-Japanese War").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-16)
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-82)** The [1916 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics "1916 Summer Olympics") was called off due to [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I"), while the [1940](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics "1940 Summer Olympics") and [1944 Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics "1944 Summer Olympics") were also called off due to [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II").
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-92)** based on the average USD/JPY 2021 exchange rate.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-91)
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-210)** The remainder of the Olympic test events resumed on 11 March 2021 and the last event took place on 5 May 2021.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-226)** Neutral athletes from Russia competed under the flag of the [Russian Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee "Russian Olympic Committee").
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-2)**
["'United by Emotion' to be the Tokyo 2020 Games Motto"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200313010742/https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/united-by-emotion-to-be-the-tokyo-2020-games-motto). *Tokyo2020.org*. [Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games "Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games"). 17 February 2020. Archived from [the original](https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/united-by-emotion-to-be-the-tokyo-2020-games-motto) on 13 March 2020.
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-Kyodo_20220621_4-2)
["Olympics: Tokyo Games cost totals 1.42 tril. yen, twice bid figure"](https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/06/09ef8c31ec70-olympics-tokyo-games-cost-totals-142-tril-yen-twice-bid-figure.html). *[Kyodo News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyodo_News "Kyodo News")*. 21 June 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220621160709/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/06/09ef8c31ec70-olympics-tokyo-games-cost-totals-142-tril-yen-twice-bid-figure.html) from the original on 21 June 2022. "A total of 11,420 athletes took part in the Tokyo Olympics and a record-high 4,403 at the Paralympics, the organizers said."
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-9)**
["Olympics 2020: Tokyo wins race to host Games"](https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/olympics/24002795). *BBC Sport*. 7 September 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160205031153/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/24002795) from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-LATimes24032020_10-0)**
["Olympics history: Have the Games been postponed before?"](https://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/story/2020-03-24/olympics-history-tokyo-games-postponed). *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")*. 24 March 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200329004624/https://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/story/2020-03-24/olympics-history-tokyo-games-postponed) from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-11)**
García-Hodges, Ahiza; Talmazan, Yuliya; Yamamoto, Arata (24 March 2020). ["Tokyo 2020 Olympics postponed over coronavirus concerns"](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/tokyo-2020-olympics-postponed-over-coronavirus-concerns-n1165046). *[NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News")*.
6. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-:5_12-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_ref-:5_12-1)
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[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg)
- ["Tokyo 2020"](https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020). *Olympics.com*. International Olympic Committee.
- [Japanese Olympic Committee](https://www.joc.or.jp/english/) |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics s443 |