🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa113)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies","crawl_time":1775107432,"first_indexed_time":1548449910,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/123Movies s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"123Movies - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n123Movies \/ GoMovies\nType of site\nOnline file hosting index\nAvailable in\nEnglish\nCountry of origin\nVietnam\nArea served\nWorldwide\nEditors\n(Vietnamese-based)\n[\n1\n]\n[\n2\n]\nRevenue\nAdvertising\nCommercial\nYes\nRegistration\nOptional\nUsers\n98 million\nat peak\n[\n3\n]\nLaunched\nest. 2015–2016\n[\na\n]\nCurrent status\nOffline\n[\n2\n]\nContent license\nUnlicensed\n[\n4\n]\n123Movies\n,\nGoMovies\n,\nGoStream\n,\nMeMovies\nor\n123movieshub\nwas a network of\nfile streaming\nwebsites operating from\nVietnam\nwhich allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's \"most popular illegal site\" by the\nMotion Picture Association of America\n(MPAA) in March 2018,\n[\n3\n]\n[\n6\n]\nbefore being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.\n[\n7\n]\nDevelopment\nGoMovies logo\nThe site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as \"123Movies\", and other times as \"123movies\". The original name, and URL, was\n123movies.to\n, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is.\n[\n1\n]\n[\n8\n]\n[\n9\n]\nIt was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to\/is and remaining there until shutdown.\n[\n6\n]\n[\n7\n]\nIn October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its\nOnline Notorious Markets\noverview to the\nOffice of the United States Trade Representative\n(USTR), stating that: \"The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data\".\n[\n4\n]\nIn October 2016,\nBusiness Insider\nreported that 123movies.to was the \"most-used pirate website\" in the United Kingdom.\n[\n10\n]\n[\n5\n]\n123Movies included HD, HD-RIP,\nBlu-ray\nand\ncamera\nqualities of films.  The video hosters and players it used included\nOpenload\n, Streamango, and MyCloud.  During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by\nTorrentFreak\nregarding its features, uptime\/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.\n[\n6\n]\n[\n7\n]\n[\n11\n]\n[\n12\n]\nIn December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to\nanime\n, named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.\n[\n12\n]\nShutdown\nIn March 2017,\nTorrentFreak\nreported that the US ambassador to Vietnam,\nTed Osius\n, had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.\n[\n13\n]\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\nIn October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its\nOnline Notorious Markets\noverview to the\nOffice of the United States Trade Representative\n, stating that while the site was technically hosted from\nUkraine\nthat: \"The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the\noperator, including using\nCloudflare\n, but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in\nVietnam\n; content is uploaded using\ncyberlockers\nfrom numerous email accounts originating from\nCan Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy\n\".\n[\n1\n]\n[\n11\n]\n[\n6\n]\nIn March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the \"most popular illegal site in the world\", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month.\n[\n3\n]\n[\n6\n]\nOn 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to \"respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows\".\n[\n7\n]\n[\n15\n]\nReappearance\nIn October 2018, the MPAA's update on\nOnline Notorious Markets\nto the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was \"an important development\" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries.\n[\n2\n]\n[\n16\n]\nIn November 2018\nTorrentFreak\nreported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as\nWatchAsap\nhad also been shut down by the\nFBI\n, but were re-directing to other file sharing sites.\n[\n17\n]\nClones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website.\n[\n18\n]\nSee also\nFMovies\nList of websites blocked in the United Kingdom\nPutlocker\n, similar online movie streaming network\nYIFY\nTorrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network\nPopcorn Time\n, a\nfreeware\nprogram allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms.\nNotes\n^\nThe MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets.\n[\n4\n]\nSimilarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016.\n[\n5\n]\nReferences\n^\na\nb\nc\nCharles Rivkin\n(CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017).\n\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"\n(PDF)\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\n123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data.\n^\na\nb\nc\nCharles Rivkin\n(CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018).\n\"Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"\n(PDF)\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\nAn important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:\n^\na\nb\nc\nAn Nguyen (15 March 2018).\n\"World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association\"\n.\nVnExpress\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\n\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA.\n^\na\nb\nc\nJoanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016).\n\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"\n(PDF)\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\nThe site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host.\n^\na\nb\nErnsto (28 October 2016).\n\"UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites\"\n. Retrieved\n22 February\n2019\n.\nThe 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe.  While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nErnesto (16 March 2018).\n\"MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nErnesto (19 March 2019).\n\"Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\nAccording to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.\n^\n\"Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 2017-03-29\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n^\n\"GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'\n\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 2017-07-14\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n^\nJames Cook (28 October 2019).\n\"13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK\"\n.\nBusiness Insider\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\nTorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK.\n^\na\nb\nErnesto (1 April 2018).\n\"Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. Retrieved\n19 February\n2019\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"GoMovies\/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 2017-12-04\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n^\n\"US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 23 March 2017\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\n^\n\"[TRANSLATED] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook\"\n.\nVnExpress\n. 22 March 2017\n. Retrieved\n21 February\n2019\n.\n^\na\nb\nMatthew Dunn.\n\"123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy\"\n.\nnews.com.au\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting.  Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.\n^\n\"123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 2018-10-05\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n^\n\"Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?\"\n.\nTorrentFreak\n. 2018-11-18\n. Retrieved\n2019-01-19\n.\n^\n\"123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला\"\n.\nNavbharat Times\n(in Hindi).\nExternal links\nMPAA Research on Notorious Markets","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=123Movies \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=123Movies \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=123Movies \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=123Movies \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies)\n- [1 Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#Development)\n- [2 Shutdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#Shutdown)\n- [3 Reappearance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#Reappearance)\n- [4 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#See_also)\n- [5 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#Notes)\n- [6 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#References)\n- [7 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# 123Movies\n13 languages\n\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C \"১২৩মুভিজ – Bangla\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – German\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Spanish\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Persian\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – French\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Indonesian\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C \"123 ਮੂਵੀਜ – Punjabi\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Portuguese\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE \"123Кино – Russian\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Ukrainian\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"123Movies – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q60773936#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:123Movies \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&action=edit)\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/123Movies \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/123Movies \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&oldid=1300866149 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=123Movies&id=1300866149&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F123Movies)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=123Movies&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q60773936 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nFormer online illegal movie streaming site network\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, 123movieshub](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Movies_123movies.png\/250px-Movies_123movies.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Movies_123movies.png) |   |\n| Type of site | Online file hosting index |\n| Available in | English |\n| Country of origin | [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Editors | (Vietnamese-based)[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) |\n| [Revenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revenue \"Revenue\") | Advertising |\n| Commercial | Yes |\n| Registration | Optional |\n| [Users](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Registered_user \"Registered user\") | 98 million at peak[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3) |\n| Launched | est. 2015–2016[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-6) |\n| Current status | Offline[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) |\n| Content license | Unlicensed[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) |\n\n**123Movies**, **GoMovies**, **GoStream**, **MeMovies** or **123movieshub** was a network of [file streaming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streaming_media \"Streaming media\") websites operating from [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's \"most popular illegal site\" by the [Motion Picture Association of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America \"Motion Picture Association of America\") (MPAA) in March 2018,[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)\n\n## Development\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/GoMovies_Logo.png\/250px-GoMovies_Logo.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:GoMovies_Logo.png)\n\nGoMovies logo\n\nThe site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as \"123Movies\", and other times as \"123movies\". The original name, and URL, was **123movies.to**, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:3-9)[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:12-10) It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to\/is and remaining there until shutdown.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)\n\nIn October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its *Online Notorious Markets* overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative \"Office of the United States Trade Representative\") (USTR), stating that: \"The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data\".[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) In October 2016, *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")* reported that 123movies.to was the \"most-used pirate website\" in the United Kingdom.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-11)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5)\n\n123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, [Blu-ray](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blu-ray \"Blu-ray\") and [camera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cam_\\(bootleg\\) \"Cam (bootleg)\") qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included [Openload](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Openload \"Openload\"), Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")* regarding its features, uptime\/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13)\n\nIn December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to [anime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anime \"Anime\"), named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13)\n\n## Shutdown\nIn March 2017, [TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\") reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, [Ted Osius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Osius \"Ted Osius\"), had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-14)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-15)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16)\n\nIn October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its *Online Notorious Markets* overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative \"Office of the United States Trade Representative\"), stating that while the site was technically hosted from [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine \"Ukraine\") that: \"The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the operator, including using [Cloudflare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cloudflare \"Cloudflare\"), but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\"); content is uploaded using [cyberlockers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberlockers \"Cyberlockers\") from numerous email accounts originating from [Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Can_Tho_University \"Can Tho University\")\".[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)\n\nIn March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the \"most popular illegal site in the world\", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to \"respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows\".[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16)\n\n## Reappearance\nIn October 2018, the MPAA's update on *Online Notorious Markets* to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was \"an important development\" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:10-17) In November 2018 *TorrentFreak* reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as *WatchAsap* had also been shut down by the [FBI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FBI \"FBI\"), but were re-directing to other file sharing sites.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:11-18) Clones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-19)\n\n## See also\n- [FMovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FMovies \"FMovies\")\n- [List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom \"List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom\")\n- [Putlocker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Putlocker \"Putlocker\"), similar online movie streaming network\n- [YIFY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YIFY \"YIFY\") Torrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network\n- [Popcorn Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popcorn_Time \"Popcorn Time\"), a [freeware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freeware \"Freeware\") program allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms.\n## Notes\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-6)** The MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) Similarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5)\n## References\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-2)\n   [Charles Rivkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Rivkin \"Charles Rivkin\") (CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017). [\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-2)\n   [Charles Rivkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Rivkin \"Charles Rivkin\") (CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018). [\"Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:\"\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-2)\n   An Nguyen (15 March 2018). [\"World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association\"](https:\/\/e.vnexpress.net\/news\/news\/world-s-most-popular-pirated-movie-site-being-run-from-vietnam-us-trade-association-3722948.html). *[VnExpress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VnExpress \"VnExpress\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA.\"\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-2)\n   Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016). [\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/MPAA-Notorious-Markets-2016-Final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host.\"\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-1)\n   Ernsto (28 October 2016). [\"UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/uk-piracy-blocklist-expands-with-123movies-and-other-streaming-sites-161028\/). Retrieved 22 February 2019. \"The 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe. While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades.\"\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-4)\n   Ernesto (16 March 2018). [\"MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 2019-01-19. \"\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.\"\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-3)\n   Ernesto (19 March 2019). [\"Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.\"\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:3_9-0)**\n   [\"Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/pirate-streaming-site-123movies-rebrands-as-gomovies-170329\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:12_10-0)**\n   [\"GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/gomovies-moves-to-gostream-is-and-evades-google-ban-170714\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-11)**\n    James Cook (28 October 2019). [\"13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK\"](https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/13-illegal-movie-tv-streaming-sites-blocked-in-uk-2016-10?r=US&IR=T). *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK.\"\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-1)\n    Ernesto (1 April 2018). [\"Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 19 February 2019.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-1)\n    [\"GoMovies\/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/us-ambassador-asks-vietnam-to-target-123movies-putlocker-and-kisscartoon-170323\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"\\[TRANSLATED\\] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook\"](https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/kinh-doanh\/viet-my-hop-tac-chan-noi-dung-xau-tren-youtube-facebook-3559244.html). *[VnExpress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VnExpress \"VnExpress\")*. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019.\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-1)\n    Matthew Dunn. [\"123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy\"](https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/technology\/online\/piracy\/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content\/news-story\/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d). *[news.com.au](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News.com.au \"News.com.au\")*. Retrieved 2019-01-19. \"123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.\"\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:10_17-0)**\n    [\"123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:11_18-0)**\n    [\"Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला\"](https:\/\/navbharattimes.indiatimes.com\/india\/123movies-hd-movies-website-is-still-online-even-after-ban\/articleshow\/65812044.cms). *[Navbharat Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Navbharat_Times \"Navbharat Times\")* (in Hindi).\n## External links\n- [MPAA Research on Notorious Markets](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/policy-statement\/mpaa-comments-to-ustr-on-notorious-markets\/)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:VOD_services \"Template:VOD services\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:VOD_services \"Template talk:VOD services\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:VOD_services \"Special:EditPage\/Template:VOD services\")[Video on demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_on_demand \"Video on demand\") services |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Digital library](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_library \"Digital library\") [Streaming media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streaming_media \"Streaming media\") [Video on demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_on_demand \"Video on demand\") |   |\n| Free or [ad-supported](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_on_demand#Advertising_video_on_demand \"Video on demand\") | [3ABN+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network \"Three Angels Broadcasting Network\") [7plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7plus \"7plus\") [9Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9Now \"9Now\") [10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10_\\(VoD_service\\) \"10 (VoD service)\") [ABC iview](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_iview \"ABC iview\") [Abema](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abema \"Abema\") [Amazon miniTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_miniTV \"Amazon miniTV\") [MX Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MX_Player \"MX Player\") [Angel Studios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angel_Studios \"Angel Studios\") [Arte Boutique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arte \"Arte\") [Astro Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astro_Go \"Astro Go\") [BBC iPlayer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_iPlayer \"BBC iPlayer\") [Bilibili](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bilibili \"Bilibili\") [Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binge_\\(Bangladeshi_streaming_service\\) \"Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)\") [Bioscope](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bioscope_\\(Live_TV\\) \"Bioscope (Live TV)\") [Bongo BD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bongo_BD \"Bongo BD\") [Brollie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Umbrella_Entertainment#Brollie \"Umbrella Entertainment\") [CBC Gem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBC_Television#CBC_Gem \"CBC Television\") [Channel 4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Channel_4_\\(VoD_service\\) \"Channel 4 (VoD service)\") [CONtv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CONtv \"CONtv\") [Crunchyroll](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crunchyroll \"Crunchyroll\") [CSpace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CSpace \"CSpace\") [CTV Movies \/ Throwback](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CTV_Television_Network#Other_CTV-branded_channels \"CTV Television Network\") [CW Seed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_CW#CW_Seed \"The CW\") [ERTFLIX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation \"Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation\") [Fandango at Home](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fandango_at_Home \"Fandango at Home\") [5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5_\\(streaming_service\\) \"5 (streaming service)\") [France·tv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France.tv \"France.tv\") [Globoplay Free](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Globoplay \"Globoplay\") [Haystack News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haystack_News \"Haystack News\") [Hoopla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoopla_\\(digital_media_service\\) \"Hoopla (digital media service)\") [Ici TOU.TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ici_TOU.TV \"Ici TOU.TV\") [ITVX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ITVX \"ITVX\") [iWant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IWant \"IWant\") [Joyn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joyn_\\(streaming_platform\\) \"Joyn (streaming platform)\") [Kanopy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanopy \"Kanopy\") [Lemino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemino \"Lemino\") [Libreflix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libreflix \"Libreflix\") [Local Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_Now \"Local Now\") [meWATCH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MeWATCH \"MeWATCH\") [Mediaset Infinity (Italy)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediaset_Infinity_\\(Italy\\) \"Mediaset Infinity (Italy)\") [Mediaset Infinity (Spain)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediaset_Infinity_\\(Spain\\) \"Mediaset Infinity (Spain)\") [M6+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M6%2B \"M6+\") [MX Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MX_Player \"MX Player\") [NASA+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA%2B \"NASA+\") [Ora TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ora_TV \"Ora TV\") [PBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PBS \"PBS\") [PBS Kids](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PBS_Kids \"PBS Kids\") [PictureBox Films](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PictureBox_Films \"PictureBox Films\") [Plex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plex \"Plex\") [Pluto TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pluto_TV \"Pluto TV\") [Pop Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pop_Player \"Pop Player\") [PPTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PPTV \"PPTV\") [RaiPlay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RaiPlay \"RaiPlay\") [RTÉ Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RT%C3%89_Player \"RTÉ Player\") [RTM Klik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RTM_Klik \"RTM Klik\") [RTP Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RTP_Play \"RTP Play\") [RCTI+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RCTI \"RCTI\") [The Roku Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Roku_Channel \"The Roku Channel\") [RTVE Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RTVE_Play \"RTVE Play\") [Red Bull TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Bull_TV \"Red Bull TV\") [Revry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revry \"Revry\") [SBS On Demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SBS_On_Demand \"SBS On Demand\") [Shahid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shahid_\\(streaming_platform\\) \"Shahid (streaming platform)\") [Shout! Factory TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shout!_Factory \"Shout! Factory\") [Sling Freestream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sling_TV#Features_and_availability \"Sling TV\") [Snapchat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snapchat \"Snapchat\") [Spuul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spuul \"Spuul\") [STV Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STV_Player \"STV Player\") [Stirr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stirr \"Stirr\") [SVT Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SVT_Play \"SVT Play\") [Telemundo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telemundo \"Telemundo\") [TF1+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TF1%2B \"TF1+\") [ThreeNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ThreeNow \"ThreeNow\") [Toffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toffee_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Toffee (streaming service)\") [Toon Goggles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toon_Goggles \"Toon Goggles\") [tonton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonton_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Tonton (streaming service)\") [Tubi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tubi \"Tubi\") [TVer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TVer_\\(streaming_service\\) \"TVer (streaming service)\") [Tvigle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tvigle \"Tvigle\") [TVNZ+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TVNZ%2B \"TVNZ+\") [tvyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puhutv \"Puhutv\") [S4C Clic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S4C \"S4C\") [U](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U_\\(streaming_service\\) \"U (streaming service)\") [Vevo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevo \"Vevo\") [Viddsee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viddsee \"Viddsee\") [Vidio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vidio \"Vidio\") [Viki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viki_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Viki (streaming service)\") [Virgin Media Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgin_Media_Play \"Virgin Media Play\") [Vision+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vision%2B \"Vision+\") [Viva One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viva_One \"Viva One\") [ViX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vix_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Vix (streaming service)\") [VMX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VMX_\\(streaming_service\\) \"VMX (streaming service)\") [Xfinity Streampix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfinity_Streampix \"Xfinity Streampix\") [XITE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xite \"Xite\") [Xumo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xumo \"Xumo\") [YouTube](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\") [Kids](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube_Kids \"YouTube Kids\") [YuppTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YuppTV \"YuppTV\") |\n| [Subscription \\-based](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_streaming_media_services \"List of streaming media services\") | [2nd Try](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2nd_Try \"2nd Try\") [Abema Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abema \"Abema\") [Acorn TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acorn_TV \"Acorn TV\") [Aha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aha_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Aha (streaming service)\") [Alchemiya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alchemiya \"Alchemiya\") [Allblk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allblk \"Allblk\") [Amazon Prime Video](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_Prime_Video \"Amazon Prime Video\") [AMC+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AMC%2B \"AMC+\") [Ameba TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ameba_TV \"Ameba TV\") [ANT1+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ANT1#ANT1+ \"ANT1\") [Apple TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_TV_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Apple TV (streaming service)\") [APTN Lumi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aboriginal_Peoples_Television_Network \"Aboriginal Peoples Television Network\") [Arrow Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrow_Player \"Arrow Player\") [Atresplayer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atresplayer \"Atresplayer\") [BBC Select](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_Select_\\(streaming_service\\) \"BBC Select (streaming service)\") [Beacon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beacon_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Beacon (streaming service)\") [Bentkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bentkey \"Bentkey\") [BET+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BET%2B \"BET+\") [BlazeTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlazeTV \"BlazeTV\") [Binge (Australian streaming service)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binge_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Binge (streaming service)\") [Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binge_\\(Bangladeshi_streaming_service\\) \"Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)\") [Bioscope](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bioscope_\\(Live_TV\\) \"Bioscope (Live TV)\") [BritBox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BritBox \"BritBox\") [Bongo BD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bongo_BD \"Bongo BD\") [Brown Sugar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bounce_TV#Brown_Sugar \"Bounce TV\") [Canal+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canal%2B_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Canal+ (streaming service)\") [Catchplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catchplay \"Catchplay\") [Channel 4+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Channel_4_\\(VoD_service\\) \"Channel 4 (VoD service)\") [Chorki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chorki \"Chorki\") [Club illico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vid%C3%A9otron#Club_illico \"Vidéotron\") [Coupang Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coupang_Play \"Coupang Play\") [Crave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crave_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Crave (streaming service)\") [Criterion Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Criterion_Collection#Video-on-demand_services \"The Criterion Collection\") [Crunchyroll Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crunchyroll \"Crunchyroll\") [Curiosity Stream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity_Stream \"Curiosity Stream\") [DailyWire+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Wire \"The Daily Wire\") [Discovery+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discovery%2B \"Discovery+\") [Disney+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disney%2B \"Disney+\") [Hotstar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disney%2B_Hotstar \"Disney+ Hotstar\") [JioHotstar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disney%2B_Hotstar \"Disney+ Hotstar\") [Star](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Star_\\(Disney%2B\\) \"Star (Disney+)\") [D Anime Store](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D_Anime_Store \"D Anime Store\") [DMM TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMM.com \"DMM.com\") [DocPlay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madman_Entertainment#DocPlay \"Madman Entertainment\") [Dropout](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropout_\\(media_company\\) \"Dropout (media company)\") [Eros Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eros_Now \"Eros Now\") [ETV Win](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ETV_Win \"ETV Win\") [Fandor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fandor \"Fandor\") [Floatplane](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floatplane_Media \"Floatplane Media\") [Filmin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filmin \"Filmin\") [FOD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FOD_\\(streaming_service\\) \"FOD (streaming service)\") [Fox Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox_Nation \"Fox Nation\") [Fox One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox_One \"Fox One\") [Foxtel Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foxtel_Now \"Foxtel Now\") [France Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France_Channel \"France Channel\") [GagaOOLala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GagaOOLala \"GagaOOLala\") [Gaia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaia,_Inc. \"Gaia, Inc.\") [Globoplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Globoplay \"Globoplay\") [\\+ live channels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canais_Globo \"Canais Globo\") [Telecine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rede_Telecine#Video_on_demand_services \"Rede Telecine\") [Great American Pure Flix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_American_Pure_Flix \"Great American Pure Flix\") [The Great Courses Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Teaching_Company \"The Teaching Company\") [Hayu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hayu_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Hayu (streaming service)\") [Hidive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hidive \"Hidive\") [History Vault](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_Channel \"History Channel\") [Hi-Yah\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hi-Yah! \"Hi-Yah!\") [Hulu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hulu \"Hulu\") [Hulu Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hulu_Japan \"Hulu Japan\") [Iflix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iflix \"Iflix\") [iQIYI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IQIYI \"IQIYI\") [Lemino Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemino \"Lemino\") [HBO Max](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HBO_Max \"HBO Max\") [Infinity+ (Italy)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infinity%2B_\\(Italy\\) \"Infinity+ (Italy)\") [Infinity+ (Spain)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infinity%2B_\\(Spain\\) \"Infinity+ (Spain)\") [MGM+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MGM%2B \"MGM+\") [Irokotv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irokotv \"Irokotv\") [ITVX Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ITVX \"ITVX\") [iWant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IWant \"IWant\") [Kinopoisk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinopoisk \"Kinopoisk\") [Kocowa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kocowa \"Kocowa\") [Mango TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mango_TV \"Mango TV\") [Means TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Means_TV \"Means TV\") [meWATCH Prime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MeWatch \"MeWatch\") [Motor Trend](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_Trend_\\(TV_network\\) \"Motor Trend (TV network)\") [M6+ Max](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M6%2B \"M6+\") [Mubi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mubi_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Mubi (streaming service)\") [Nebula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebula_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Nebula (streaming service)\") [Neon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neon_\\(service\\) \"Neon (service)\") [Netflix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netflix \"Netflix\") [Night Flight Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_Flight_Plus \"Night Flight Plus\") [Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Now_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Now (streaming service)\") [Oneplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oneplay \"Oneplay\") [OSN+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OSN#OSN+ \"OSN\") [OutTVGO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OutTV_\\(Canadian_TV_channel\\) \"OutTV (Canadian TV channel)\") [Paramount+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount%2B \"Paramount+\") [PBS Passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PBS_Passport \"PBS Passport\") [Peacock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peacock_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Peacock (streaming service)\") [RTL+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RTL%2B \"RTL+\") [Shahid VIP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shahid_\\(streaming_platform\\) \"Shahid (streaming platform)\") [Showmax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Showmax \"Showmax\") [Shudder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shudder_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Shudder (streaming service)\") [SkyShowtime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SkyShowtime \"SkyShowtime\") [Sling TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sling_TV \"Sling TV\") [SonyLIV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SonyLIV \"SonyLIV\") [Sony Pictures Core](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony_Pictures_Core \"Sony Pictures Core\") [Spacetoon Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spacetoon \"Spacetoon\") [Stan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stan_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Stan (streaming service)\") [Starz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starz \"Starz\") [Streamz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streamz \"Streamz\") [STV Player+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STV_Player \"STV Player\") [SundanceNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SundanceNow \"SundanceNow\") [Sun NXT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_NXT \"Sun NXT\") [Sweet.tv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweet.tv \"Sweet.tv\") [Telasa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telasa \"Telasa\") [TF1+ Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TF1%2B \"TF1+\") [The Roku Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Roku_Channel \"The Roku Channel\") [TIMvision](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TIMvision \"TIMvision\") [Toffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toffee_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Toffee (streaming service)\") [Toku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toku_\\(TV_network\\) \"Toku (TV network)\") [tonton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonton_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Tonton (streaming service)\") [Truth+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truth%2B \"Truth+\") [TV 2 Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TV_2_Play \"TV 2 Play\") [TVING](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TVING \"TVING\") [U-Next](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U-Next \"U-Next\") [Paravi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U-Next#Paravi \"U-Next\") [Viaplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viaplay \"Viaplay\") [VidAngel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VidAngel \"VidAngel\") [Videoland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videoland_\\(Netherlands\\) \"Videoland (Netherlands)\") [Vidio Premier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vidio \"Vidio\") [Vision+ Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vision%2B \"Vision+\") [Viu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viu_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Viu (streaming service)\") [Viva One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viva_One \"Viva One\") [Viki Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viki_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Viki (streaming service)\") [ViX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vix_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Vix (streaming service)\") [ViX Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vix_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Vix (streaming service)\") [VMX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VMX_\\(streaming_service\\) \"VMX (streaming service)\") [Voyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voyo \"Voyo\") [VVVVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VVVVID \"VVVVID\") [WeTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tencent_Video \"Tencent Video\") [Watcha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watcha \"Watcha\") [WatcherTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WatcherTV \"WatcherTV\") [Wavve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wavve \"Wavve\") [WOW Presents Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WOW_Presents_Plus \"WOW Presents Plus\") [XITE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xite \"Xite\") [Yippee TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yippee_TV \"Yippee TV\") [Youku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youku \"Youku\") [YouTube Premium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube_Premium \"YouTube Premium\") [ZEE5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZEE5 \"ZEE5\") |\n| [Rental or   purchase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_on_demand#Transactional \"Video on demand\") | [Amazon Prime Video](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_Prime_Video \"Amazon Prime Video\") [Apple TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_TV_app \"Apple TV app\") [DLsite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DLsite \"DLsite\") [Fandango at Home](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fandango_at_Home \"Fandango at Home\") [FandangoNOW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fandango_Media \"Fandango Media\") [Google Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Play \"Google Play\") [Google TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_TV_\\(service\\) \"Google TV (service)\") [Huawei Video](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huawei_Video \"Huawei Video\") [iTunes Store](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ITunes_Store \"ITunes Store\") [Rakuten TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rakuten_TV \"Rakuten TV\") [Sky Store](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_Store \"Sky Store\") [Sony Pictures Core](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony_Pictures_Core \"Sony Pictures Core\") [The Great Courses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wondrium \"Wondrium\") [YouTube Movies & Shows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\") |\n| Sports | [All Japan Pro Wrestling TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_TV \"All Japan Pro Wrestling TV\") [beIN Sports Connect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BeIN_Sports \"BeIN Sports\") [Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Core \"Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core\") [DAZN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DAZN \"DAZN\") [ESPN+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ESPN%2B \"ESPN+\") [ESPN Unlimited](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ESPN_\\(streaming_service\\) \"ESPN (streaming service)\") [Eurosport Player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurosport \"Eurosport\") [F1 TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_One \"Formula One\") [Fanseat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fanseat \"Fanseat\") [Fanatiz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fanatiz \"Fanatiz\") [FloSports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FloSports \"FloSports\") [FuboTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FuboTV \"FuboTV\") [Honor Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honor_Club \"Honor Club\") [Kayo Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kayo_Sports \"Kayo Sports\") [Laola1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laola1 \"Laola1\") [MLB.tv](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MLB.tv \"MLB.tv\") [MotoGP VideoPass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing \"Grand Prix motorcycle racing\") [NBA League Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBA_League_Pass \"NBA League Pass\") [NBL TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBL_TV \"NBL TV\") [New Japan Pro-Wrestling World](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Japan_Pro-Wrestling_World \"New Japan Pro-Wrestling World\") [NFL Game Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NFL_Game_Pass \"NFL Game Pass\") [Premier Football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premier_Football \"Premier Football\") [OneSoccer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OneSoccer \"OneSoccer\") [Sky Sport Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_Sport_\\(New_Zealand\\)#Sky_Sport_Now \"Sky Sport (New Zealand)\") [Sportsnet+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sportsnet \"Sportsnet\") [Stan Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stan_Sport \"Stan Sport\") [T Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T_Sports \"T Sports\") [TSN+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Sports_Network \"The Sports Network\") [TNA+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TNA%2B \"TNA+\") [Triller TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triller_TV \"Triller TV\") [UFC Fight Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UFC_Fight_Pass \"UFC Fight Pass\") [WatchAFL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WatchAFL \"WatchAFL\") [WatchNRL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WatchNRL \"WatchNRL\") [Wrestle Universe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wrestle_Universe \"Wrestle Universe\") |\n| [TV Everywhere](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TV_Everywhere \"TV Everywhere\") | [Akash Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akash_DTH \"Akash DTH\") [ABC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Broadcasting_Company#Video-on-demand_services \"American Broadcasting Company\") [AMC Premiere](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AMC_\\(TV_channel\\)#AMC_Premiere \"AMC (TV channel)\") [Bally Sports app](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bally_Sports_app \"Bally Sports app\") [CBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS#Video-on-demand_services \"CBS\") [Cinemax On Demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinemax#Cinemax_On_Demand \"Cinemax\") [CNN TV app](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNNgo \"CNNgo\") [DisneyNow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DisneyNow \"DisneyNow\") [Foxtel Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foxtel#Foxtel_Go \"Foxtel\") [Freeform](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freeform_\\(TV_channel\\)#Related_services \"Freeform (TV channel)\") [FXNOW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FX_\\(TV_channel\\)#FXNOW \"FX (TV channel)\") [Canais Globo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canais_Globo \"Canais Globo\") [HGTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HGTV \"HGTV\") [NBC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC \"NBC\") [Sky Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_Go \"Sky Go\") [Sky Q](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_Q \"Sky Q\") [Spark Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spark_Sport \"Spark Sport\") [The CW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_CW#Video-on-demand_services \"The CW\") [TVB Anywhere](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TVB_Anywhere \"TVB Anywhere\") [Watch TBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TBS_\\(American_TV_channel\\) \"TBS (American TV channel)\") [Ziggo Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ziggo#Ziggo_GO \"Ziggo\") |\n| Discontinued | [123Movies]() [ALTBalaji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALTBalaji \"ALTBalaji\") [Amazon Freevee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_Freevee \"Amazon Freevee\") [AnimeLab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AnimeLab \"AnimeLab\") [Blim TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blim_TV \"Blim TV\") [BluTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BluTV \"BluTV\") [C More Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C_More_Entertainment \"C More Entertainment\") [CNN+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN%2B \"CNN+\") [Crackle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crackle_\\(service\\) \"Crackle (service)\") [DC Universe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DC_Universe_\\(streaming_service\\) \"DC Universe (streaming service)\") [Disney Deluxe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disney_Deluxe \"Disney Deluxe\") [dittoTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DittoTV \"DittoTV\") [Dplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dplay \"Dplay\") [DramaFever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DramaFever \"DramaFever\") [Eleven Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eleven_Sports \"Eleven Sports\") [Facebook Watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook_Watch \"Facebook Watch\") [FOXNOW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox_Broadcasting_Company#Video-on-demand_services \"Fox Broadcasting Company\") [Funimation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Funimation \"Funimation\") [FX+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FX_\\(TV_channel\\)#FX+ \"FX (TV channel)\") [Global Wrestling Network](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Wrestling_Network \"Global Wrestling Network\") [go90](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Go90 \"Go90\") [GolfTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GolfTV \"GolfTV\") [HBO Go](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HBO_Go \"HBO Go\") [HBO Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HBO_Now \"HBO Now\") [Hillsong Channel Now](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hillsong_Channel#Carriage \"Hillsong Channel\") [Hitchhike TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitchhike_TV \"Hitchhike TV\") [HOOQ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hooq \"Hooq\") [Lightbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lightbox_\\(New_Zealand\\) \"Lightbox (New Zealand)\") [Microsoft Movies & TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV \"Microsoft Movies & TV\") [MLS Season Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MLS_Season_Pass \"MLS Season Pass\") [Mola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mola_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Mola (streaming service)\") [NBC Sports Gold](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_Sports_Gold \"NBC Sports Gold\") [Nintendo eShop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nintendo_eShop \"Nintendo eShop\") [Noggin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noggin_\\(brand\\)#Streaming_service \"Noggin (brand)\") [NWA All Access](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NWA_All_Access \"NWA All Access\") [On Demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_Demand_\\(Sky\\) \"On Demand (Sky)\") [Pantaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pantaya \"Pantaya\") [PlayStation Video](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PlayStation_Video \"PlayStation Video\") [Popcornflix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popcornflix \"Popcornflix\") [Presto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presto_\\(streaming_company\\) \"Presto (streaming company)\") [Quibi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quibi \"Quibi\") [Quickflix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quickflix \"Quickflix\") [Redbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redbox \"Redbox\") [Redbox Instant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redbox#Redbox_Instant \"Redbox\") [Redbox Free Live TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redbox#Redbox_Free_Live_TV \"Redbox\") [Salto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salto_\\(streaming_service\\) \"Salto (streaming service)\") [Seeso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seeso \"Seeso\") [Shomi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shomi \"Shomi\") [Sky On Demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_On_Demand \"Sky On Demand\") [Sky Select](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sky_Deutschland#Defunct \"Sky Deutschland\") [Struum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Struum \"Struum\") [Star+](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Star%2B \"Star+\") [TAPP TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TAPP_TV \"TAPP TV\") [Upstream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upstream_PH \"Upstream PH\") [Veoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veoh \"Veoh\") [Vessel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vessel_\\(website\\) \"Vessel (website)\") [Viewster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viewster \"Viewster\") [Voot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voot \"Voot\") [VRV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VRV_\\(streaming_service\\) \"VRV (streaming service)\") [VyRT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VyRT \"VyRT\") [Wakanim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wakanim \"Wakanim\") [WatchESPN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WatchESPN \"WatchESPN\") [Yahoo! Screen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yahoo!_Screen \"Yahoo! Screen\") [Voddler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voddler \"Voddler\") [WWE Network](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WWE_Network \"WWE Network\") |\n| Related | [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Australian_streaming_companies \"Template:Australian streaming companies\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Video_on_Demand_Services_in_Canada \"Template:Video on Demand Services in Canada\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Video_on_Demand_Services_in_New_Zealand \"Template:Video on Demand Services in New Zealand\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:BitTorrent \"Template:BitTorrent\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:BitTorrent \"Template talk:BitTorrent\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:BitTorrent \"Special:EditPage\/Template:BitTorrent\")[BitTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent \"BitTorrent\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Companies | [Rainberry, Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainberry,_Inc. \"Rainberry, Inc.\") [Vuze, Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vuze,_Inc. \"Vuze, Inc.\") |\n| People | [Bram Cohen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bram_Cohen \"Bram Cohen\") [Ross Cohen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ross_Cohen \"Ross Cohen\") [Eric Klinker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Klinker \"Eric Klinker\") [Ashwin Navin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashwin_Navin \"Ashwin Navin\") |\n| Technology | [Glossary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms \"Glossary of BitTorrent terms\") [Broadcatching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadcatching \"Broadcatching\") [Distributed hash tables](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distributed_hash_table \"Distributed hash table\") [DNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_\\(software\\)#BitTorrent_DNA \"BitTorrent (software)\") [I2P](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I2P#File_Sharing \"I2P\") [index](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_index \"BitTorrent index\") [Local Peer Discovery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_Peer_Discovery \"Local Peer Discovery\") [Peer exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peer_exchange \"Peer exchange\") [Retracker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Retracker&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Retracker (page does not exist)\") [Protocol encryption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption \"BitTorrent protocol encryption\") [Super-seeding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Super-seeding \"Super-seeding\") [Tracker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_tracker \"BitTorrent tracker\") [Torrent file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrent_file \"Torrent file\") [TCP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transmission_Control_Protocol \"Transmission Control Protocol\") [UDP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User_Datagram_Protocol \"User Datagram Protocol\") [µTP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micro_Transport_Protocol \"Micro Transport Protocol\") [WebRTC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WebRTC \"WebRTC\") [WebTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WebTorrent \"WebTorrent\") |\n| Clients ([comparison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients \"Comparison of BitTorrent clients\"),  [usage share](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Usage_share_of_BitTorrent_clients \"Usage share of BitTorrent clients\")) | [BitTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_\\(software\\) \"BitTorrent (software)\") (original client) [BitComet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitComet \"BitComet\") [BiglyBT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BiglyBT \"BiglyBT\") [BitLord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitLord \"BitLord\") [Deluge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deluge_\\(software\\) \"Deluge (software)\") [Free Download Manager](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Download_Manager \"Free Download Manager\") [FlashGet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FlashGet \"FlashGet\") [FrostWire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FrostWire \"FrostWire\") [GetRight](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GetRight \"GetRight\") [Go!Zilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Go!Zilla \"Go!Zilla\") [KTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KTorrent \"KTorrent\") [libtorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libtorrent \"Libtorrent\") (library) [LimeWire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LimeWire \"LimeWire\") [µTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9CTorrent \"ΜTorrent\") [Miro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miro_\\(video_software\\) \"Miro (video software)\") [MLDonkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MLDonkey \"MLDonkey\") [qBittorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QBittorrent \"QBittorrent\") [rTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RTorrent \"RTorrent\") [Shareaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shareaza \"Shareaza\") [Tixati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tixati \"Tixati\") [Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transmission_\\(BitTorrent_client\\) \"Transmission (BitTorrent client)\") [Tribler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribler \"Tribler\") [Vuze](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vuze \"Vuze\") (formerly Azureus) [WebTorrent Desktop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WebTorrent_Desktop \"WebTorrent Desktop\") [Xunlei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xunlei \"Xunlei\") |\n| Tracker software ([comparison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_tracker_software \"Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software\")) | [OpenBitTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenBitTorrent \"OpenBitTorrent\") [opentracker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opentracker \"Opentracker\") [PeerTracker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PeerTracker \"PeerTracker\") |\n| Search engines ([comparison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites \"Comparison of BitTorrent sites\")) | [1337x](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1337x \"1337x\") [BTDigg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BTDigg \"BTDigg\") [Demonoid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonoid \"Demonoid\") [etree](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Etree \"Etree\") [Nyaa Torrents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nyaa_Torrents \"Nyaa Torrents\") [TamilRockers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TamilRockers \"TamilRockers\") [The Pirate Bay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pirate_Bay \"The Pirate Bay\") [ruTracker.org](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RuTracker.org \"RuTracker.org\") [YggTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YggTorrent \"YggTorrent\") [YourBittorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YourBittorrent \"YourBittorrent\") |\n| Defunct sites ([comparison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites#Defunct \"Comparison of BitTorrent sites\")) | [BTJunkie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BTJunkie \"BTJunkie\") [ExtraTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ExtraTorrent \"ExtraTorrent\") [EZTV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EZTV \"EZTV\") [isoHunt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IsoHunt \"IsoHunt\") [KickassTorrents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KickassTorrents \"KickassTorrents\") [LokiTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LokiTorrent \"LokiTorrent\") [Mininova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mininova \"Mininova\") [Oink's Pink Palace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace \"Oink's Pink Palace\") [RARBG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RARBG \"RARBG\") [Suprnova.org](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suprnova.org \"Suprnova.org\") [t411](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T411 \"T411\") [Torrent Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrent_Project \"Torrent Project\") [TorrentSpy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentSpy \"TorrentSpy\") [Torrentz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrentz \"Torrentz\") [What.CD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/What.CD \"What.CD\") [YIFY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YIFY \"YIFY\") [YouTorrent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTorrent \"YouTorrent\") |\n| Related topics | [aXXo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AXXo \"AXXo\") [BitTorrent Open Source License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BitTorrent_Open_Source_License \"BitTorrent Open Source License\") [Glossary of BitTorrent terms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms \"Glossary of BitTorrent terms\") [Popcorn Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popcorn_Time \"Popcorn Time\") [Slyck.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slyck.com \"Slyck.com\") [TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BitTorrent \"Category:BitTorrent\") [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg \"Commons page\") [Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:BitTorrent \"commons:Category:BitTorrent\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Intellectual_property_activism \"Template:Intellectual property activism\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Intellectual_property_activism \"Template talk:Intellectual property activism\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Intellectual_property_activism \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Intellectual property activism\")[Intellectual property](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intellectual_property \"Intellectual property\") activism |   |\n|---|---|\n| Issues | [Artificial scarcity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_scarcity \"Artificial scarcity\") [Censorship by copyright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Censorship_by_copyright \"Censorship by copyright\") [Copyright infringement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright_infringement \"Copyright infringement\") [Copyright troll](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright_troll \"Copyright troll\") [Digital rights management](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_rights_management \"Digital rights management\") [Fair use](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use \"Fair use\") [Fan labor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_labor \"Fan labor\") [art](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_art \"Fan art\") [cosplay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cosplay \"Cosplay\") [fiction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_fiction \"Fan fiction\") [films](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_film \"Fan film\") [games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_game \"Fan game\") [vidding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vidding \"Vidding\") [Gripe site](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gripe_site \"Gripe site\") [Legal aspects of file sharing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing \"Legal aspects of file sharing\") [Mashup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mashup_\\(culture\\) \"Mashup (culture)\") [digital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mashup_\\(web_application_hybrid\\) \"Mashup (web application hybrid)\") [music](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mashup_\\(music\\) \"Mashup (music)\") [novel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mashup_novel \"Mashup novel\") [videos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mashup_\\(video\\) \"Mashup (video)\") [Monopolies of knowledge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monopolies_of_knowledge \"Monopolies of knowledge\") [Music piracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Music_piracy \"Music piracy\") [Orphan works](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orphan_work \"Orphan work\") [Biopiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biopiracy \"Biopiracy\") [Bioprospecting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bioprospecting \"Bioprospecting\") [Patents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Societal_views_on_patents \"Societal views on patents\") [biological](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biological_patent \"Biological patent\") [software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_patent \"Software patent\") [software patent debate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_patent_debate \"Software patent debate\") [trolling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent_troll \"Patent troll\") [Public domain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_domain \"Public domain\") |\n| Concepts | [All rights reversed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_rights_reversed \"All rights reversed\") [Alternative compensation system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright_alternatives \"Copyright alternatives\") [Anti-copyright notice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-copyright_notice \"Anti-copyright notice\") [Business models for open-source software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_models_for_open-source_software \"Business models for open-source software\") [Copyleft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyleft \"Copyleft\") [Commercial use of copyleft works](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_use_of_copyleft_works \"Commercial use of copyleft works\") [Commons-based peer production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commons-based_peer_production \"Commons-based peer production\") [Electronic sell-through](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_sell-through \"Electronic sell-through\") [Free content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_content \"Free content\") [Free-software license](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free-software_license \"Free-software license\") [Libertarian positions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property \"Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property\") [Open content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_content \"Open content\") [Open-design movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open-design_movement \"Open-design movement\") [Open music model](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_music_model \"Open music model\") [Open patent](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patentleft \"Patentleft\") [Open source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_source \"Open source\") [hardware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open-source_hardware \"Open-source hardware\") [software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open-source_software \"Open-source software\") [Prizes instead of patents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prizes_as_an_alternative_to_patents \"Prizes as an alternative to patents\") [contests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inducement_prize_contest \"Inducement prize contest\") [Share-alike](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Share-alike \"Share-alike\") [Sound recording copyright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sound_recording_copyright \"Sound recording copyright\") [Video on demand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_on_demand \"Video on demand\") |\n| Movements | [Access to Knowledge movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Access_to_Knowledge_movement \"Access to Knowledge movement\") [Anti-copyright](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_copyright \"Criticism of copyright\") [Cultural environmentalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_environmentalism \"Cultural environmentalism\") [Free-culture movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free-culture_movement \"Free-culture movement\") [Free software movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_software_movement \"Free software movement\") |\n| Organizations |   |\n|   |   |\n| Pro-copyright | [Australian Screen Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Screen_Association \"Australian Screen Association\") [Copyright Alliance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright_Alliance \"Copyright Alliance\") [Federation Against Copyright Theft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft \"Federation Against Copyright Theft\") [Future of Music Coalition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Future_of_Music_Coalition \"Future of Music Coalition\") [Motion Picture Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_Picture_Association \"Motion Picture Association\") [Recording Industry Association of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America \"Recording Industry Association of America\") |\n| Pro-copyleft | [Anna's Archive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna%27s_Archive \"Anna's Archive\") [Creative Commons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Creative_Commons \"Creative Commons\") [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation \"Electronic Frontier Foundation\") [Free Software Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Software_Foundation \"Free Software Foundation\") [Library Genesis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_Genesis \"Library Genesis\") [Open Rights Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Rights_Group \"Open Rights Group\") [Organization for Transformative Works](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_for_Transformative_Works \"Organization for Transformative Works\") [The Anarchist Library](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Anarchist_Library \"The Anarchist Library\") [The Pirate Bay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pirate_Bay \"The Pirate Bay\") [Piratbyrån](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piratbyr%C3%A5n \"Piratbyrån\") [Pirate Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pirate_Party \"Pirate Party\") [Public Knowledge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_Knowledge \"Public Knowledge\") [Sci-Hub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sci-Hub \"Sci-Hub\") [Shadow library](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shadow_library \"Shadow library\") [Students for Free Culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Students_for_Free_Culture \"Students for Free Culture\") [Z-Library](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Z-Library \"Z-Library\") |\n| People | [Cory Doctorow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cory_Doctorow \"Cory Doctorow\") [Alexandra Elbakyan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandra_Elbakyan \"Alexandra Elbakyan\") [Rick Falkvinge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rick_Falkvinge \"Rick Falkvinge\") [Lawrence Lessig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Lessig \"Lawrence Lessig\") [Pamela Samuelson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pamela_Samuelson \"Pamela Samuelson\") [Richard Stallman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Stallman \"Richard Stallman\") [Peter Suber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Suber \"Peter Suber\") [Peter Sunde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Sunde \"Peter Sunde\") [Aaron Swartz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aaron_Swartz \"Aaron Swartz\") [Jack Valenti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Valenti \"Jack Valenti\") |\n| Documentaries | *[Good Copy Bad Copy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Good_Copy_Bad_Copy \"Good Copy Bad Copy\")* *[RiP!: A Remix Manifesto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RiP!:_A_Remix_Manifesto \"RiP!: A Remix Manifesto\")* *[Steal This Film](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steal_This_Film \"Steal This Film\")* *[The Internet's Own Boy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Internet%27s_Own_Boy \"The Internet's Own Boy\")* *[TPB AFK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TPB_AFK \"TPB AFK\")* |\n| Books | *[Chokepoint Capitalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chokepoint_Capitalism \"Chokepoint Capitalism\")* *[Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Code_and_Other_Laws_of_Cyberspace \"Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace\")* *[Free Culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Culture_\\(book\\) \"Free Culture (book)\")* |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Tor_onion_services \"Template:Tor onion services\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Tor_onion_services \"Template talk:Tor onion services\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Tor_onion_services \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Tor onion services\")[Tor onion services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tor_\\(network\\)#Onion_services \"Tor (network)\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/d\/db\/Symbol_list_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png) [List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Tor_onion_services \"List of Tor onion services\") ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Tor_onion_services \"Category:Tor onion services\") |   |\n| Search engines | [Ahmia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahmia \"Ahmia\") [DuckDuckGo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DuckDuckGo#Tor_access \"DuckDuckGo\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Grams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grams_\\(search\\) \"Grams (search)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Kagi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kagi \"Kagi\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [MetaGer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MetaGer \"MetaGer\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Searx](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Searx \"Searx\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21)[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| News | [BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Bellingcat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bellingcat \"Bellingcat\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Current Time TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Current_Time_TV \"Current Time TV\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Die Tageszeitung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_Tageszeitung \"Die Tageszeitung\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Deutsche Welle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Welle \"Deutsche Welle\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [The Daily Stormer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Stormer \"The Daily Stormer\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Darknetlive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darknetlive \"Darknetlive\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [DeepDotWeb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DeepDotWeb \"DeepDotWeb\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [ProPublica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProPublica \"ProPublica\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Radio Free Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_Free_Asia \"Radio Free Asia\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Radio Free Europe\/Radio Liberty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_Free_Europe\/Radio_Liberty \"Radio Free Europe\/Radio Liberty\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Independent Media Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indymedia \"Indymedia\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [The Intercept](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Intercept \"The Intercept\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [ProPublica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProPublica \"ProPublica\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Voice of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voice_of_America \"Voice of America\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| File storage and file sharing | [BTDigg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BTDigg \"BTDigg\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Freedom Hosting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_Hosting \"Freedom Hosting\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Free Haven Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Haven_Project \"Free Haven Project\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [KickassTorrents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KickassTorrents \"KickassTorrents\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Pirate Bay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pirate_Bay \"The Pirate Bay\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Proton Drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proton_Drive \"Proton Drive\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| Email and instant messaging | [Bitmessage.ch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bitmessage \"Bitmessage\") [Briar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Briar_\\(software\\) \"Briar (software)\") [Keybase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keybase \"Keybase\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [OpenPGP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenPGP \"OpenPGP\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Proton Mail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proton_Mail \"Proton Mail\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Riseup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riseup \"Riseup\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Tor Mail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tor_Mail \"Tor Mail\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [TorChat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorChat \"TorChat\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) |\n| Social media and forums | [8chan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8chan \"8chan\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Dark0de](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dark0de \"Dark0de\") [Dread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dread_\\(forum\\) \"Dread (forum)\") [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook_onion_address \"Facebook onion address\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [HackBB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HackBB \"HackBB\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Hub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hub_\\(forum\\) \"The Hub (forum)\") [The Hidden Wiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hidden_Wiki \"The Hidden Wiki\") |\n| [Darknet markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darknet_market \"Darknet market\") | [Agora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agora_\\(online_marketplace\\) \"Agora (online marketplace)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [AlphaBay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AlphaBay \"AlphaBay\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Atlantis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantis_\\(market\\) \"Atlantis (market)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Archetyp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archetyp_Market \"Archetyp Market\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Black Market Reloaded](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Market_Reloaded \"Black Market Reloaded\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Dream Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dream_Market \"Dream Market\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Evolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution_\\(marketplace\\) \"Evolution (marketplace)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Farmer's Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Farmer%27s_Market \"The Farmer's Market\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Hansa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hansa_\\(market\\) \"Hansa (market)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Hydra Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydra_Market \"Hydra Market\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Sheep Marketplace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheep_Marketplace \"Sheep Marketplace\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Silk Road](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silk_Road_\\(marketplace\\) \"Silk Road (marketplace)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [TheRealDeal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TheRealDeal \"TheRealDeal\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Russian Anonymous Marketplace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Anonymous_Marketplace \"Russian Anonymous Marketplace\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Tor Carding Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tor_Carding_Forum \"Tor Carding Forum\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Utopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Utopia_\\(marketplace\\) \"Utopia (marketplace)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [White House Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_Market \"White House Market\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) |\n| Archives | [Archive.today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archive.today \"Archive.today\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Doxbin (darknet)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doxbin_\\(darknet\\) \"Doxbin (darknet)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Internet Archive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_Archive \"Internet Archive\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Sci-Hub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sci-Hub \"Sci-Hub\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Z-Library](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Z-Library \"Z-Library\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| Activism | [Associated Whistleblowing Press](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press \"Associated Whistleblowing Press\") [Elephant Action League](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elephant_Action_League \"Elephant Action League\") [Freedom of the Press Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_of_the_Press_Foundation \"Freedom of the Press Foundation\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [GlobaLeaks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GlobaLeaks \"GlobaLeaks\") [NawaatLeaks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nawaat#Nawaatleaks \"Nawaat\") [SecureDrop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SecureDrop \"SecureDrop\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [WikiLeaks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WikiLeaks \"WikiLeaks\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| Operating systems | [DivestOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DivestOS \"DivestOS\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Qubes OS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qubes_OS \"Qubes OS\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Tails](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tails_\\(operating_system\\) \"Tails (operating system)\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Whonix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whonix \"Whonix\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| Government | [Central Intelligence Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency \"Central Intelligence Agency\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| Pornography | [Boystown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boystown_\\(website\\) \"Boystown (website)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Childs Play](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Childs_Play_\\(website\\) \"Childs Play (website)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Lolita City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolita_City \"Lolita City\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Playpen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Playpen_\\(website\\) \"Playpen (website)\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Pornhub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pornhub \"Pornhub\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Welcome to Video](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welcome_to_Video_case \"Welcome to Video case\")[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) |\n| Other | [1\\.1.1.1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1.1.1.1 \"1.1.1.1\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Brave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brave_\\(web_browser\\) \"Brave (web browser)\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [BusKill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BusKill \"BusKill\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [DEF CON](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DEF_CON \"DEF CON\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [F-Droid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-Droid \"F-Droid\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Mailpile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mailpile \"Mailpile\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Mullvad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mullvad \"Mullvad\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Njalla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Njalla \"Njalla\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [OnionShare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OnionShare \"OnionShare\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) [Terms of Service; Didn't Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terms_of_Service;_Didn%27t_Read \"Terms of Service; Didn't Read\")[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-*-20) |\n| [Tor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tor_\\(network\\)#Onion_services \"Tor (network)\") [.onion domain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/.onion \".onion\") [Tor2web](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tor2web \"Tor2web\") ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-15) [***q***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-16) [***r***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-17) [***s***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-18) [***t***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-19) [***u***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-20) [***v***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-21) [***w***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-22) [***x***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-23) [***y***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-24) [***z***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-25) [***aa***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-26) [***ab***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-27) [***ac***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-28) [***ad***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-29) [***ae***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-30) [***af***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-31) [***ag***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-32) [***ah***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-33) [***ai***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-34) [***aj***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-35) [***ak***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-36) [***al***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-37) [***am***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-38) [***an***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-39) [***ao***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-40) [***ap***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-41) [***aq***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-42) [***ar***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-43) [***as***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-44) [***at***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-45) [***au***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-46) [***av***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-47) [***aw***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-48) [***ax***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-49) [***ay***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-*_20-50) Maintains additional presence on the surface web ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-8) [***j***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-9) [***k***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-10) [***l***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-11) [***m***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-12) [***n***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-13) [***o***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-14) [***p***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-15) [***q***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-16) [***r***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-17) [***s***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-18) [***t***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-19) [***u***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-20) [***v***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-21) [***w***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-22) [***x***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-23) [***y***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-24) [***z***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-25) [***aa***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-26) [***ab***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-27) [***ac***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-28) [***ad***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-29) [***ae***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-30) [***af***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-31) [***ag***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-32) Offline or discontinued |   |\n\n[Portals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals \"Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\"):\n\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg\/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg) [Internet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Internet \"Portal:Internet\")\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg\/40px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png) [Freedom of speech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Freedom_of_speech \"Portal:Freedom of speech\")\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&oldid=1300866149>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Film websites](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Film_websites \"Category:Film websites\")\n- [Defunct video on demand services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Defunct_video_on_demand_services \"Category:Defunct video on demand services\")\n- [Defunct websites](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Defunct_websites \"Category:Defunct websites\")\n- [Streaming media systems](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Streaming_media_systems \"Category:Streaming media systems\")\n- [Internet services shut down by a legal challenge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Internet_services_shut_down_by_a_legal_challenge \"Category:Internet services shut down by a legal challenge\")\n- [Internet censorship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Internet_censorship \"Category:Internet censorship\")\n- [Notorious markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Notorious_markets \"Category:Notorious markets\")\n- [Internet censorship in India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Internet_censorship_in_India \"Category:Internet censorship in India\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_\\(hi\\) \"Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)\")\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short description\")\n- [Short description is different from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata \"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\")\n- [Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages \"Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages\")\n- [Companies with year of disestablishment missing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Companies_with_year_of_disestablishment_missing \"Category:Companies with year of disestablishment missing\")\n- [Companies with year of establishment missing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Companies_with_year_of_establishment_missing \"Category:Companies with year of establishment missing\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 16 July 2025, at 20:33 (UTC).\n- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License \"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\"); additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms_of_Use \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms of Use\") and [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy \"foundation:Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy policy\"). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=123Movies&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n123Movies\n\n13 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, 123movieshub](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Movies_123movies.png\/250px-Movies_123movies.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Movies_123movies.png) |   |\n| Type of site | Online file hosting index |\n| Available in | English |\n| Country of origin | [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Editors | (Vietnamese-based)[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) |\n| [Revenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revenue \"Revenue\") | Advertising |\n| Commercial | Yes |\n| Registration | Optional |\n| [Users](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Registered_user \"Registered user\") | 98 million at peak[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3) |\n| Launched | est. 2015–2016[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-6) |\n| Current status | Offline[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) |\n| Content license | Unlicensed[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) |\n\n**123Movies**, **GoMovies**, **GoStream**, **MeMovies** or **123movieshub** was a network of [file streaming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streaming_media \"Streaming media\") websites operating from [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's \"most popular illegal site\" by the [Motion Picture Association of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America \"Motion Picture Association of America\") (MPAA) in March 2018,[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)\n\nDevelopment\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/GoMovies_Logo.png\/250px-GoMovies_Logo.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:GoMovies_Logo.png)\n\nGoMovies logo\n\nThe site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as \"123Movies\", and other times as \"123movies\". The original name, and URL, was **123movies.to**, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:3-9)[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:12-10) It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to\/is and remaining there until shutdown.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)\n\nIn October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its *Online Notorious Markets* overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative \"Office of the United States Trade Representative\") (USTR), stating that: \"The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data\".[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) In October 2016, *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")* reported that 123movies.to was the \"most-used pirate website\" in the United Kingdom.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-11)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5)\n\n123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, [Blu-ray](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blu-ray \"Blu-ray\") and [camera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cam_\\(bootleg\\) \"Cam (bootleg)\") qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included [Openload](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Openload \"Openload\"), Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")* regarding its features, uptime\/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13)\n\nIn December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to [anime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anime \"Anime\"), named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13)\n\nShutdown\n\nIn March 2017, [TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\") reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, [Ted Osius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Osius \"Ted Osius\"), had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-14)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-15)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16)\n\nIn October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its *Online Notorious Markets* overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative \"Office of the United States Trade Representative\"), stating that while the site was technically hosted from [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine \"Ukraine\") that: \"The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the operator, including using [Cloudflare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cloudflare \"Cloudflare\"), but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam \"Vietnam\"); content is uploaded using [cyberlockers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberlockers \"Cyberlockers\") from numerous email accounts originating from [Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Can_Tho_University \"Can Tho University\")\".[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)\n\nIn March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the \"most popular illegal site in the world\", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to \"respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows\".[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16)\n\nReappearance\n\nIn October 2018, the MPAA's update on *Online Notorious Markets* to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was \"an important development\" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:10-17) In November 2018 *TorrentFreak* reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as *WatchAsap* had also been shut down by the [FBI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FBI \"FBI\"), but were re-directing to other file sharing sites.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-:11-18) Clones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-19)\n\nSee also\n\n- [FMovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FMovies \"FMovies\")\n- [List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom \"List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom\")\n- [Putlocker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Putlocker \"Putlocker\"), similar online movie streaming network\n- [YIFY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YIFY \"YIFY\") Torrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network\n- [Popcorn Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popcorn_Time \"Popcorn Time\"), a [freeware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freeware \"Freeware\") program allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms.\n\nNotes\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-6)** The MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) Similarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5)\n\nReferences\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-2)\n   [Charles Rivkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Rivkin \"Charles Rivkin\") (CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017). [\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data.\"\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-2)\n   [Charles Rivkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Rivkin \"Charles Rivkin\") (CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018). [\"Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:\"\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-2)\n   An Nguyen (15 March 2018). [\"World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association\"](https:\/\/e.vnexpress.net\/news\/news\/world-s-most-popular-pirated-movie-site-being-run-from-vietnam-us-trade-association-3722948.html). *[VnExpress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VnExpress \"VnExpress\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA.\"\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-2)\n   Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016). [\"Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation\"](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/MPAA-Notorious-Markets-2016-Final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host.\"\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-1)\n   Ernsto (28 October 2016). [\"UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/uk-piracy-blocklist-expands-with-123movies-and-other-streaming-sites-161028\/). Retrieved 22 February 2019. \"The 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe. While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades.\"\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-4)\n   Ernesto (16 March 2018). [\"MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 2019-01-19. \"\"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,\" Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.\"\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-3)\n   Ernesto (19 March 2019). [\"Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.\"\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:3_9-0)**\n   [\"Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/pirate-streaming-site-123movies-rebrands-as-gomovies-170329\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:12_10-0)**\n   [\"GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/gomovies-moves-to-gostream-is-and-evades-google-ban-170714\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-11)**\n    James Cook (28 October 2019). [\"13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK\"](https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/13-illegal-movie-tv-streaming-sites-blocked-in-uk-2016-10?r=US&IR=T). *[Business Insider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider \"Business Insider\")*. Retrieved 21 February 2019. \"TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK.\"\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-1)\n    Ernesto (1 April 2018). [\"Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. Retrieved 19 February 2019.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-1)\n    [\"GoMovies\/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/us-ambassador-asks-vietnam-to-target-123movies-putlocker-and-kisscartoon-170323\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"\\[TRANSLATED\\] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook\"](https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/kinh-doanh\/viet-my-hop-tac-chan-noi-dung-xau-tren-youtube-facebook-3559244.html). *[VnExpress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VnExpress \"VnExpress\")*. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019.\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-1)\n    Matthew Dunn. [\"123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy\"](https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/technology\/online\/piracy\/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content\/news-story\/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d). *[news.com.au](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News.com.au \"News.com.au\")*. Retrieved 2019-01-19. \"123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.\"\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:10_17-0)**\n    [\"123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005\/). *[TorrentFreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TorrentFreak \"TorrentFreak\")*. 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-:11_18-0)**\n    [\"Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?\"](https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118\/). *TorrentFreak*. 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2019-01-19.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/123Movies#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला\"](https:\/\/navbharattimes.indiatimes.com\/india\/123movies-hd-movies-website-is-still-online-even-after-ban\/articleshow\/65812044.cms). *[Navbharat Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Navbharat_Times \"Navbharat Times\")* (in Hindi).\n\nExternal links\n\n- [MPAA Research on Notorious Markets](https:\/\/www.mpaa.org\/policy-statement\/mpaa-comments-to-ustr-on-notorious-markets\/)","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies
Last Crawled	2026-04-02 05:23:52 (4 days ago)
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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 123Movies / GoMovies Type of site Online file hosting index Available in English Country of origin Vietnam Area served Worldwide Editors (Vietnamese-based) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Revenue Advertising Commercial Yes Registration Optional Users 98 million at peak [ 3 ] Launched est. 2015–2016 [ a ] Current status Offline [ 2 ] Content license Unlicensed [ 4 ] 123Movies , GoMovies , GoStream , MeMovies or 123movieshub was a network of file streaming websites operating from Vietnam which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's "most popular illegal site" by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) in March 2018, [ 3 ] [ 6 ] before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities. [ 7 ] Development GoMovies logo The site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as "123Movies", and other times as "123movies". The original name, and URL, was 123movies.to , which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to/is and remaining there until shutdown. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), stating that: "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data". [ 4 ] In October 2016, Business Insider reported that 123movies.to was the "most-used pirate website" in the United Kingdom. [ 10 ] [ 5 ] 123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, Blu-ray and camera qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included Openload , Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by TorrentFreak regarding its features, uptime/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] In December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to anime , named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown. [ 12 ] Shutdown In March 2017, TorrentFreak reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, Ted Osius , had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] In October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the Office of the United States Trade Representative , stating that while the site was technically hosted from Ukraine that: "The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the operator, including using Cloudflare , but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in Vietnam ; content is uploaded using cyberlockers from numerous email accounts originating from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy ". [ 1 ] [ 11 ] [ 6 ] In March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the "most popular illegal site in the world", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to "respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows". [ 7 ] [ 15 ] Reappearance In October 2018, the MPAA's update on Online Notorious Markets to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was "an important development" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries. [ 2 ] [ 16 ] In November 2018 TorrentFreak reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as WatchAsap had also been shut down by the FBI , but were re-directing to other file sharing sites. [ 17 ] Clones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website. [ 18 ] See also FMovies List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom Putlocker , similar online movie streaming network YIFY Torrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network Popcorn Time , a freeware program allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms. Notes ^ The MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets. [ 4 ] Similarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016. [ 5 ] References ^ a b c Charles Rivkin (CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017). "Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation" (PDF) . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . 123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data. ^ a b c Charles Rivkin (CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018). "Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation" (PDF) . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well: ^ a b c An Nguyen (15 March 2018). "World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association" . VnExpress . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . "Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA. ^ a b c Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016). "Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation" (PDF) . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host. ^ a b Ernsto (28 October 2016). "UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites" . Retrieved 22 February 2019 . The 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe. While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades. ^ a b c d e Ernesto (16 March 2018). "MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site" . TorrentFreak . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . "Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress. ^ a b c d Ernesto (19 March 2019). "Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown" . TorrentFreak . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows. ^ "Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)" . TorrentFreak . 2017-03-29 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ "GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban' " . TorrentFreak . 2017-07-14 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ James Cook (28 October 2019). "13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK" . Business Insider . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK. ^ a b Ernesto (1 April 2018). "Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?" . TorrentFreak . Retrieved 19 February 2019 . ^ a b "GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site" . TorrentFreak . 2017-12-04 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ "US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon" . TorrentFreak . 23 March 2017 . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . ^ "[TRANSLATED] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook" . VnExpress . 22 March 2017 . Retrieved 21 February 2019 . ^ a b Matthew Dunn. "123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy" . news.com.au . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . 123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country. ^ "123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation" . TorrentFreak . 2018-10-05 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ "Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?" . TorrentFreak . 2018-11-18 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ "123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला" . Navbharat Times (in Hindi). External links MPAA Research on Notorious Markets
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=123Movies "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=123Movies "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies) - [1 Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#Development) - [2 Shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#Shutdown) - [3 Reappearance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#Reappearance) - [4 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#See_also) - [5 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#Notes) - [6 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#References) - [7 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # 123Movies 13 languages - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C "১২৩মুভিজ – Bangla") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – German") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Spanish") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Persian") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – French") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Indonesian") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Dutch") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Norwegian Bokmål") - [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/123_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C "123 ਮੂਵੀਜ – Punjabi") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Portuguese") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/123%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE "123Кино – Russian") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Ukrainian") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "123Movies – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60773936#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:123Movies "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=123Movies&action=edit "This page is protected. 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Former online illegal movie streaming site network \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, 123movieshub](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Movies_123movies.png/250px-Movies_123movies.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Movies_123movies.png) \| \| \| Type of site \| Online file hosting index \| \| Available in \| English \| \| Country of origin \| [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam") \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Editors \| (Vietnamese-based)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) \| \| [Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue") \| Advertising \| \| Commercial \| Yes \| \| Registration \| Optional \| \| [Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user "Registered user") \| 98 million at peak[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3) \| \| Launched \| est. 2015–2016[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-6) \| \| Current status \| Offline[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) \| \| Content license \| Unlicensed[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) \| 123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, MeMovies or 123movieshub was a network of [file streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") websites operating from [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam") which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's "most popular illegal site" by the [Motion Picture Association of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America "Motion Picture Association of America") (MPAA) in March 2018,[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8) ## Development [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GoMovies_Logo.png/250px-GoMovies_Logo.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GoMovies_Logo.png) GoMovies logo The site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as "123Movies", and other times as "123movies". The original name, and URL, was 123movies.to, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:3-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:12-10) It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to/is and remaining there until shutdown.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8) In October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") (USTR), stating that: "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data".[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) In October 2016, [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider") reported that 123movies.to was the "most-used pirate website" in the United Kingdom.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-11)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5) 123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") and [camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam_\(bootleg\) "Cam (bootleg)") qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included [Openload](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openload "Openload"), Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak") regarding its features, uptime/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13) In December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to [anime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime "Anime"), named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13) ## Shutdown In March 2017, [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak") reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, [Ted Osius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Osius "Ted Osius"), had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16) In October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative"), stating that while the site was technically hosted from [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine "Ukraine") that: "The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the operator, including using [Cloudflare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudflare "Cloudflare"), but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam"); content is uploaded using [cyberlockers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberlockers "Cyberlockers") from numerous email accounts originating from [Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Tho_University "Can Tho University")".[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) In March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the "most popular illegal site in the world", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to "respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16) ## Reappearance In October 2018, the MPAA's update on Online Notorious Markets to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was "an important development" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:10-17) In November 2018 TorrentFreak reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as WatchAsap had also been shut down by the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI"), but were re-directing to other file sharing sites.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:11-18) Clones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-19) ## See also - [FMovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMovies "FMovies") - [List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom "List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom") - [Putlocker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putlocker "Putlocker"), similar online movie streaming network - [YIFY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIFY "YIFY") Torrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network - [Popcorn Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn_Time "Popcorn Time"), a [freeware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeware "Freeware") program allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms. ## Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-6) The MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) Similarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5) ## References 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-2) [Charles Rivkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rivkin "Charles Rivkin") (CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017). ["Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data." 2. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-2) [Charles Rivkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rivkin "Charles Rivkin") (CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018). ["Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:" 3. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-2) An Nguyen (15 March 2018). ["World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association"](https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/world-s-most-popular-pirated-movie-site-being-run-from-vietnam-us-trade-association-3722948.html). [VnExpress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VnExpress "VnExpress"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. ""Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA." 4. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-2) Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016). ["Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/MPAA-Notorious-Markets-2016-Final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host." 5. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-1) Ernsto (28 October 2016). ["UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites"](https://torrentfreak.com/uk-piracy-blocklist-expands-with-123movies-and-other-streaming-sites-161028/). Retrieved 22 February 2019. "The 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe. While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades." 6. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-4) Ernesto (16 March 2018). ["MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site"](https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 2019-01-19. ""Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress." 7. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-3) Ernesto (19 March 2019). ["Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown"](https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows." 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:3_9-0)* ["Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)"](https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-site-123movies-rebrands-as-gomovies-170329/). TorrentFreak. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:12_10-0) ["GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'"](https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies-moves-to-gostream-is-and-evades-google-ban-170714/). TorrentFreak. 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-11) James Cook (28 October 2019). ["13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK"](https://www.businessinsider.com/13-illegal-movie-tv-streaming-sites-blocked-in-uk-2016-10?r=US&IR=T). [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK." 11. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-1) Ernesto (1 April 2018). ["Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?"](https://torrentfreak.com/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 19 February 2019. 12. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-1) ["GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site"](https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204/). TorrentFreak. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-14)* ["US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon"](https://torrentfreak.com/us-ambassador-asks-vietnam-to-target-123movies-putlocker-and-kisscartoon-170323/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-15) ["\[TRANSLATED\] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook"](https://vnexpress.net/kinh-doanh/viet-my-hop-tac-chan-noi-dung-xau-tren-youtube-facebook-3559244.html). [VnExpress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VnExpress "VnExpress"). 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019. 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-1) Matthew Dunn. ["123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy"](https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content/news-story/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d). [news.com.au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News.com.au "News.com.au"). Retrieved 2019-01-19. "123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country." 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:10_17-0)* ["123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation"](https://torrentfreak.com/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:11_18-0) ["Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?"](https://torrentfreak.com/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118/). TorrentFreak. 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-19) ["123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला"](https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/123movies-hd-movies-website-is-still-online-even-after-ban/articleshow/65812044.cms). [Navbharat Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navbharat_Times "Navbharat Times") (in Hindi). ## External links - [MPAA Research on Notorious Markets](https://www.mpaa.org/policy-statement/mpaa-comments-to-ustr-on-notorious-markets/) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:VOD_services "Template:VOD services") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:VOD_services "Template talk:VOD services") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:VOD_services "Special:EditPage/Template:VOD services")[Video on demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand "Video on demand") services \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Digital library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library "Digital library") [Streaming media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") [Video on demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand "Video on demand") \| \| \| Free or [ad-supported](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand#Advertising_video_on_demand "Video on demand") \| [3ABN+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network "Three Angels Broadcasting Network") [7plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7plus "7plus") [9Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9Now "9Now") [10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_\(VoD_service\) "10 (VoD service)") [ABC iview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_iview "ABC iview") [Abema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abema "Abema") [Amazon miniTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_miniTV "Amazon miniTV") [MX Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MX_Player "MX Player") [Angel Studios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Studios "Angel Studios") [Arte Boutique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte "Arte") [Astro Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astro_Go "Astro Go") [BBC iPlayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_iPlayer "BBC iPlayer") [Bilibili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilibili "Bilibili") [Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge_\(Bangladeshi_streaming_service\) "Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)") [Bioscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscope_\(Live_TV\) "Bioscope (Live TV)") [Bongo BD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongo_BD "Bongo BD") [Brollie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_Entertainment#Brollie "Umbrella Entertainment") [CBC Gem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_Television#CBC_Gem "CBC Television") [Channel 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4_\(VoD_service\) "Channel 4 (VoD service)") [CONtv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONtv "CONtv") [Crunchyroll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunchyroll "Crunchyroll") [CSpace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSpace "CSpace") [CTV Movies / Throwback](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTV_Television_Network#Other_CTV-branded_channels "CTV Television Network") [CW Seed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_CW#CW_Seed "The CW") [ERTFLIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation "Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation") [Fandango at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_at_Home "Fandango at Home") [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_\(streaming_service\) "5 (streaming service)") [France·tv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France.tv "France.tv") [Globoplay Free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globoplay "Globoplay") [Haystack News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haystack_News "Haystack News") [Hoopla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoopla_\(digital_media_service\) "Hoopla (digital media service)") [Ici TOU.TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ici_TOU.TV "Ici TOU.TV") [ITVX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITVX "ITVX") [iWant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWant "IWant") [Joyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyn_\(streaming_platform\) "Joyn (streaming platform)") [Kanopy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanopy "Kanopy") [Lemino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemino "Lemino") [Libreflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libreflix "Libreflix") [Local Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Now "Local Now") [meWATCH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeWATCH "MeWATCH") [Mediaset Infinity (Italy)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaset_Infinity_\(Italy\) "Mediaset Infinity (Italy)") [Mediaset Infinity (Spain)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaset_Infinity_\(Spain\) "Mediaset Infinity (Spain)") [M6+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M6%2B "M6+") [MX Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MX_Player "MX Player") [NASA+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA%2B "NASA+") [Ora TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_TV "Ora TV") [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS") [PBS Kids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS_Kids "PBS Kids") [PictureBox Films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PictureBox_Films "PictureBox Films") [Plex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plex "Plex") [Pluto TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_TV "Pluto TV") [Pop Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Player "Pop Player") [PPTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPTV "PPTV") [RaiPlay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RaiPlay "RaiPlay") [RTÉ Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Player "RTÉ Player") [RTM Klik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTM_Klik "RTM Klik") [RTP Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTP_Play "RTP Play") [RCTI+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCTI "RCTI") [The Roku Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Roku_Channel "The Roku Channel") [RTVE Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTVE_Play "RTVE Play") [Red Bull TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull_TV "Red Bull TV") [Revry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revry "Revry") [SBS On Demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_On_Demand "SBS On Demand") [Shahid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_\(streaming_platform\) "Shahid (streaming platform)") [Shout! Factory TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shout!_Factory "Shout! Factory") [Sling Freestream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_TV#Features_and_availability "Sling TV") [Snapchat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat "Snapchat") [Spuul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spuul "Spuul") [STV Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_Player "STV Player") [Stirr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirr "Stirr") [SVT Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVT_Play "SVT Play") [Telemundo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemundo "Telemundo") [TF1+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TF1%2B "TF1+") [ThreeNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThreeNow "ThreeNow") [Toffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffee_\(streaming_service\) "Toffee (streaming service)") [Toon Goggles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toon_Goggles "Toon Goggles") [tonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonton_\(streaming_service\) "Tonton (streaming service)") [Tubi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubi "Tubi") [TVer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVer_\(streaming_service\) "TVer (streaming service)") [Tvigle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvigle "Tvigle") [TVNZ+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVNZ%2B "TVNZ+") [tvyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puhutv "Puhutv") [S4C Clic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S4C "S4C") [U](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_\(streaming_service\) "U (streaming service)") [Vevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevo "Vevo") [Viddsee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viddsee "Viddsee") [Vidio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidio "Vidio") [Viki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki_\(streaming_service\) "Viki (streaming service)") [Virgin Media Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media_Play "Virgin Media Play") [Vision+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision%2B "Vision+") [Viva One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva_One "Viva One") [ViX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vix_\(streaming_service\) "Vix (streaming service)") [VMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMX_\(streaming_service\) "VMX (streaming service)") [Xfinity Streampix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfinity_Streampix "Xfinity Streampix") [XITE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xite "Xite") [Xumo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xumo "Xumo") [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") [Kids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Kids "YouTube Kids") [YuppTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YuppTV "YuppTV") \| \| [Subscription \-based](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_streaming_media_services "List of streaming media services") \| [2nd Try](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Try "2nd Try") [Abema Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abema "Abema") [Acorn TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_TV "Acorn TV") [Aha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aha_\(streaming_service\) "Aha (streaming service)") [Alchemiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemiya "Alchemiya") [Allblk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allblk "Allblk") [Amazon Prime Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video "Amazon Prime Video") [AMC+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMC%2B "AMC+") [Ameba TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameba_TV "Ameba TV") [ANT1+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANT1#ANT1+ "ANT1") [Apple TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_TV_\(streaming_service\) "Apple TV (streaming service)") [APTN Lumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_Peoples_Television_Network "Aboriginal Peoples Television Network") [Arrow Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_Player "Arrow Player") [Atresplayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atresplayer "Atresplayer") [BBC Select](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Select_\(streaming_service\) "BBC Select (streaming service)") [Beacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_\(streaming_service\) "Beacon (streaming service)") [Bentkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentkey "Bentkey") [BET+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET%2B "BET+") [BlazeTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlazeTV "BlazeTV") [Binge (Australian streaming service)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge_\(streaming_service\) "Binge (streaming service)") [Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge_\(Bangladeshi_streaming_service\) "Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)") [Bioscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscope_\(Live_TV\) "Bioscope (Live TV)") [BritBox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BritBox "BritBox") [Bongo BD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongo_BD "Bongo BD") [Brown Sugar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_TV#Brown_Sugar "Bounce TV") [Canal+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_\(streaming_service\) "Canal+ (streaming service)") [Catchplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchplay "Catchplay") [Channel 4+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4_\(VoD_service\) "Channel 4 (VoD service)") [Chorki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorki "Chorki") [Club illico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C3%A9otron#Club_illico "Vidéotron") [Coupang Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupang_Play "Coupang Play") [Crave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crave_\(streaming_service\) "Crave (streaming service)") [Criterion Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection#Video-on-demand_services "The Criterion Collection") [Crunchyroll Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunchyroll "Crunchyroll") [Curiosity Stream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_Stream "Curiosity Stream") [DailyWire+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Wire "The Daily Wire") [Discovery+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%2B "Discovery+") [Disney+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%2B "Disney+") [Hotstar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%2B_Hotstar "Disney+ Hotstar") [JioHotstar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%2B_Hotstar "Disney+ Hotstar") [Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_\(Disney%2B\) "Star (Disney+)") [D Anime Store](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_Anime_Store "D Anime Store") [DMM TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMM.com "DMM.com") [DocPlay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madman_Entertainment#DocPlay "Madman Entertainment") [Dropout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropout_\(media_company\) "Dropout (media company)") [Eros Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eros_Now "Eros Now") [ETV Win](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETV_Win "ETV Win") [Fandor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandor "Fandor") [Floatplane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floatplane_Media "Floatplane Media") [Filmin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmin "Filmin") [FOD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOD_\(streaming_service\) "FOD (streaming service)") [Fox Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Nation "Fox Nation") [Fox One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_One "Fox One") [Foxtel Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxtel_Now "Foxtel Now") [France Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Channel "France Channel") [GagaOOLala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GagaOOLala "GagaOOLala") [Gaia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia,_Inc. "Gaia, Inc.") [Globoplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globoplay "Globoplay") [\+ live channels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canais_Globo "Canais Globo") [Telecine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_Telecine#Video_on_demand_services "Rede Telecine") [Great American Pure Flix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Pure_Flix "Great American Pure Flix") [The Great Courses Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Teaching_Company "The Teaching Company") [Hayu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayu_\(streaming_service\) "Hayu (streaming service)") [Hidive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidive "Hidive") [History Vault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_Channel "History Channel") [Hi-Yah\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-Yah! "Hi-Yah!") [Hulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu "Hulu") [Hulu Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu_Japan "Hulu Japan") [Iflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iflix "Iflix") [iQIYI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQIYI "IQIYI") [Lemino Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemino "Lemino") [HBO Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBO_Max "HBO Max") [Infinity+ (Italy)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity%2B_\(Italy\) "Infinity+ (Italy)") [Infinity+ (Spain)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity%2B_\(Spain\) "Infinity+ (Spain)") [MGM+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM%2B "MGM+") [Irokotv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irokotv "Irokotv") [ITVX Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITVX "ITVX") [iWant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWant "IWant") [Kinopoisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinopoisk "Kinopoisk") [Kocowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocowa "Kocowa") [Mango TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_TV "Mango TV") [Means TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Means_TV "Means TV") [meWATCH Prime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeWatch "MeWatch") [Motor Trend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Trend_\(TV_network\) "Motor Trend (TV network)") [M6+ Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M6%2B "M6+") [Mubi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubi_\(streaming_service\) "Mubi (streaming service)") [Nebula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula_\(streaming_service\) "Nebula (streaming service)") [Neon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_\(service\) "Neon (service)") [Netflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix "Netflix") [Night Flight Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Flight_Plus "Night Flight Plus") [Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_\(streaming_service\) "Now (streaming service)") [Oneplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneplay "Oneplay") [OSN+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSN#OSN+ "OSN") [OutTVGO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OutTV_\(Canadian_TV_channel\) "OutTV (Canadian TV channel)") [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") [PBS Passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS_Passport "PBS Passport") [Peacock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacock_\(streaming_service\) "Peacock (streaming service)") [RTL+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTL%2B "RTL+") [Shahid VIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_\(streaming_platform\) "Shahid (streaming platform)") [Showmax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Showmax "Showmax") [Shudder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudder_\(streaming_service\) "Shudder (streaming service)") [SkyShowtime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyShowtime "SkyShowtime") [Sling TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_TV "Sling TV") [SonyLIV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SonyLIV "SonyLIV") [Sony Pictures Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core "Sony Pictures Core") [Spacetoon Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetoon "Spacetoon") [Stan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_\(streaming_service\) "Stan (streaming service)") [Starz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starz "Starz") [Streamz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamz "Streamz") [STV Player+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_Player "STV Player") [SundanceNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SundanceNow "SundanceNow") [Sun NXT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_NXT "Sun NXT") [Sweet.tv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet.tv "Sweet.tv") [Telasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telasa "Telasa") [TF1+ Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TF1%2B "TF1+") [The Roku Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Roku_Channel "The Roku Channel") [TIMvision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIMvision "TIMvision") [Toffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffee_\(streaming_service\) "Toffee (streaming service)") [Toku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toku_\(TV_network\) "Toku (TV network)") [tonton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonton_\(streaming_service\) "Tonton (streaming service)") [Truth+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth%2B "Truth+") [TV 2 Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_2_Play "TV 2 Play") [TVING](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVING "TVING") [U-Next](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Next "U-Next") [Paravi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Next#Paravi "U-Next") [Viaplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaplay "Viaplay") [VidAngel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VidAngel "VidAngel") [Videoland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoland_\(Netherlands\) "Videoland (Netherlands)") [Vidio Premier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidio "Vidio") [Vision+ Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision%2B "Vision+") [Viu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viu_\(streaming_service\) "Viu (streaming service)") [Viva One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva_One "Viva One") [Viki Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki_\(streaming_service\) "Viki (streaming service)") [ViX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vix_\(streaming_service\) "Vix (streaming service)") [ViX Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vix_\(streaming_service\) "Vix (streaming service)") [VMX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMX_\(streaming_service\) "VMX (streaming service)") [Voyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyo "Voyo") [VVVVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVVVID "VVVVID") [WeTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent_Video "Tencent Video") [Watcha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watcha "Watcha") [WatcherTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WatcherTV "WatcherTV") [Wavve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavve "Wavve") [WOW Presents Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOW_Presents_Plus "WOW Presents Plus") [XITE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xite "Xite") [Yippee TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yippee_TV "Yippee TV") [Youku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youku "Youku") [YouTube Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Premium "YouTube Premium") [ZEE5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZEE5 "ZEE5") \| \| [Rental or purchase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand#Transactional "Video on demand") \| [Amazon Prime Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video "Amazon Prime Video") [Apple TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_TV_app "Apple TV app") [DLsite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLsite "DLsite") [Fandango at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_at_Home "Fandango at Home") [FandangoNOW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_Media "Fandango Media") [Google Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play "Google Play") [Google TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_TV_\(service\) "Google TV (service)") [Huawei Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huawei_Video "Huawei Video") [iTunes Store](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes_Store "ITunes Store") [Rakuten TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakuten_TV "Rakuten TV") [Sky Store](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Store "Sky Store") [Sony Pictures Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core "Sony Pictures Core") [The Great Courses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wondrium "Wondrium") [YouTube Movies & Shows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") \| \| Sports \| [All Japan Pro Wrestling TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_TV "All Japan Pro Wrestling TV") [beIN Sports Connect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeIN_Sports "BeIN Sports") [Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Core "Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core") [DAZN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAZN "DAZN") [ESPN+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN%2B "ESPN+") [ESPN Unlimited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_\(streaming_service\) "ESPN (streaming service)") [Eurosport Player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosport "Eurosport") [F1 TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") [Fanseat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanseat "Fanseat") [Fanatiz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanatiz "Fanatiz") [FloSports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FloSports "FloSports") [FuboTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FuboTV "FuboTV") [Honor Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_Club "Honor Club") [Kayo Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayo_Sports "Kayo Sports") [Laola1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laola1 "Laola1") [MLB.tv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB.tv "MLB.tv") [MotoGP VideoPass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing "Grand Prix motorcycle racing") [NBA League Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_League_Pass "NBA League Pass") [NBL TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBL_TV "NBL TV") [New Japan Pro-Wrestling World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Japan_Pro-Wrestling_World "New Japan Pro-Wrestling World") [NFL Game Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Game_Pass "NFL Game Pass") [Premier Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Football "Premier Football") [OneSoccer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OneSoccer "OneSoccer") [Sky Sport Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Sport_\(New_Zealand\)#Sky_Sport_Now "Sky Sport (New Zealand)") [Sportsnet+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsnet "Sportsnet") [Stan Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Sport "Stan Sport") [T Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_Sports "T Sports") [TSN+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sports_Network "The Sports Network") [TNA+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNA%2B "TNA+") [Triller TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triller_TV "Triller TV") [UFC Fight Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_Fight_Pass "UFC Fight Pass") [WatchAFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WatchAFL "WatchAFL") [WatchNRL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WatchNRL "WatchNRL") [Wrestle Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestle_Universe "Wrestle Universe") \| \| [TV Everywhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Everywhere "TV Everywhere") \| [Akash Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akash_DTH "Akash DTH") [ABC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company#Video-on-demand_services "American Broadcasting Company") [AMC Premiere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMC_\(TV_channel\)#AMC_Premiere "AMC (TV channel)") [Bally Sports app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Sports_app "Bally Sports app") [CBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS#Video-on-demand_services "CBS") [Cinemax On Demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinemax#Cinemax_On_Demand "Cinemax") [CNN TV app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNgo "CNNgo") [DisneyNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DisneyNow "DisneyNow") [Foxtel Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxtel#Foxtel_Go "Foxtel") [Freeform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeform_\(TV_channel\)#Related_services "Freeform (TV channel)") [FXNOW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FX_\(TV_channel\)#FXNOW "FX (TV channel)") [Canais Globo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canais_Globo "Canais Globo") [HGTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGTV "HGTV") [NBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC "NBC") [Sky Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Go "Sky Go") [Sky Q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Q "Sky Q") [Spark Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_Sport "Spark Sport") [The CW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_CW#Video-on-demand_services "The CW") [TVB Anywhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVB_Anywhere "TVB Anywhere") [Watch TBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBS_\(American_TV_channel\) "TBS (American TV channel)") [Ziggo Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggo#Ziggo_GO "Ziggo") \| \| Discontinued \| [123Movies]() [ALTBalaji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALTBalaji "ALTBalaji") [Amazon Freevee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Freevee "Amazon Freevee") [AnimeLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnimeLab "AnimeLab") [Blim TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blim_TV "Blim TV") [BluTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BluTV "BluTV") [C More Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_More_Entertainment "C More Entertainment") [CNN+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%2B "CNN+") [Crackle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crackle_\(service\) "Crackle (service)") [DC Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Universe_\(streaming_service\) "DC Universe (streaming service)") [Disney Deluxe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Deluxe "Disney Deluxe") [dittoTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DittoTV "DittoTV") [Dplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dplay "Dplay") [DramaFever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DramaFever "DramaFever") [Eleven Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleven_Sports "Eleven Sports") [Facebook Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Watch "Facebook Watch") [FOXNOW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company#Video-on-demand_services "Fox Broadcasting Company") [Funimation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funimation "Funimation") [FX+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FX_\(TV_channel\)#FX+ "FX (TV channel)") [Global Wrestling Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Wrestling_Network "Global Wrestling Network") [go90](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go90 "Go90") [GolfTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GolfTV "GolfTV") [HBO Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBO_Go "HBO Go") [HBO Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBO_Now "HBO Now") [Hillsong Channel Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsong_Channel#Carriage "Hillsong Channel") [Hitchhike TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitchhike_TV "Hitchhike TV") [HOOQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooq "Hooq") [Lightbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightbox_\(New_Zealand\) "Lightbox (New Zealand)") [Microsoft Movies & TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV "Microsoft Movies & TV") [MLS Season Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass "MLS Season Pass") [Mola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mola_\(streaming_service\) "Mola (streaming service)") [NBC Sports Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Sports_Gold "NBC Sports Gold") [Nintendo eShop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_eShop "Nintendo eShop") [Noggin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noggin_\(brand\)#Streaming_service "Noggin (brand)") [NWA All Access](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NWA_All_Access "NWA All Access") [On Demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Demand_\(Sky\) "On Demand (Sky)") [Pantaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantaya "Pantaya") [PlayStation Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_Video "PlayStation Video") [Popcornflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcornflix "Popcornflix") [Presto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presto_\(streaming_company\) "Presto (streaming company)") [Quibi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quibi "Quibi") [Quickflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quickflix "Quickflix") [Redbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redbox "Redbox") [Redbox Instant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redbox#Redbox_Instant "Redbox") [Redbox Free Live TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redbox#Redbox_Free_Live_TV "Redbox") [Salto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto_\(streaming_service\) "Salto (streaming service)") [Seeso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeso "Seeso") [Shomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomi "Shomi") [Sky On Demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_On_Demand "Sky On Demand") [Sky Select](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Deutschland#Defunct "Sky Deutschland") [Struum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struum "Struum") [Star+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%2B "Star+") [TAPP TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAPP_TV "TAPP TV") [Upstream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_PH "Upstream PH") [Veoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veoh "Veoh") [Vessel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vessel_\(website\) "Vessel (website)") [Viewster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewster "Viewster") [Voot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voot "Voot") [VRV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRV_\(streaming_service\) "VRV (streaming service)") [VyRT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VyRT "VyRT") [Wakanim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakanim "Wakanim") [WatchESPN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WatchESPN "WatchESPN") [Yahoo! Screen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Screen "Yahoo! Screen") [Voddler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voddler "Voddler") [WWE Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE_Network "WWE Network") \| \| Related \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Australian_streaming_companies "Template:Australian streaming companies") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Video_on_Demand_Services_in_Canada "Template:Video on Demand Services in Canada") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Video_on_Demand_Services_in_New_Zealand "Template:Video on Demand Services in New Zealand") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BitTorrent "Template:BitTorrent") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BitTorrent "Template talk:BitTorrent") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent "Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent")[BitTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent "BitTorrent") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Companies \| [Rainberry, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc. "Rainberry, Inc.") [Vuze, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuze,_Inc. "Vuze, Inc.") \| \| People \| [Bram Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Cohen "Bram Cohen") [Ross Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Cohen "Ross Cohen") [Eric Klinker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Klinker "Eric Klinker") [Ashwin Navin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashwin_Navin "Ashwin Navin") \| \| Technology \| [Glossary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms "Glossary of BitTorrent terms") [Broadcatching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcatching "Broadcatching") [Distributed hash tables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table "Distributed hash table") [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_\(software\)#BitTorrent_DNA "BitTorrent (software)") [I2P](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2P#File_Sharing "I2P") [index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_index "BitTorrent index") [Local Peer Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Peer_Discovery "Local Peer Discovery") [Peer exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_exchange "Peer exchange") [Retracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retracker&action=edit&redlink=1 "Retracker (page does not exist)") [Protocol encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption "BitTorrent protocol encryption") [Super-seeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-seeding "Super-seeding") [Tracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker "BitTorrent tracker") [Torrent file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent_file "Torrent file") [TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol "Transmission Control Protocol") [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol "User Datagram Protocol") [µTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol "Micro Transport Protocol") [WebRTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC "WebRTC") [WebTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebTorrent "WebTorrent") \| \| Clients ([comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients "Comparison of BitTorrent clients"), [usage share](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_BitTorrent_clients "Usage share of BitTorrent clients")) \| [BitTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_\(software\) "BitTorrent (software)") (original client) [BitComet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitComet "BitComet") [BiglyBT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiglyBT "BiglyBT") [BitLord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitLord "BitLord") [Deluge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deluge_\(software\) "Deluge (software)") [Free Download Manager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Download_Manager "Free Download Manager") [FlashGet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlashGet "FlashGet") [FrostWire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FrostWire "FrostWire") [GetRight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GetRight "GetRight") [Go!Zilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go!Zilla "Go!Zilla") [KTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTorrent "KTorrent") [libtorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libtorrent "Libtorrent") (library) [LimeWire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LimeWire "LimeWire") [µTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent "ΜTorrent") [Miro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miro_\(video_software\) "Miro (video software)") [MLDonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLDonkey "MLDonkey") [qBittorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QBittorrent "QBittorrent") [rTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTorrent "RTorrent") [Shareaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shareaza "Shareaza") [Tixati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixati "Tixati") [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_\(BitTorrent_client\) "Transmission (BitTorrent client)") [Tribler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribler "Tribler") [Vuze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuze "Vuze") (formerly Azureus) [WebTorrent Desktop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebTorrent_Desktop "WebTorrent Desktop") [Xunlei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xunlei "Xunlei") \| \| Tracker software ([comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_tracker_software "Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software")) \| [OpenBitTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBitTorrent "OpenBitTorrent") [opentracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opentracker "Opentracker") [PeerTracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeerTracker "PeerTracker") \| \| Search engines ([comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites "Comparison of BitTorrent sites")) \| [1337x](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1337x "1337x") [BTDigg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTDigg "BTDigg") [Demonoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonoid "Demonoid") [etree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etree "Etree") [Nyaa Torrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents "Nyaa Torrents") [TamilRockers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TamilRockers "TamilRockers") [The Pirate Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay "The Pirate Bay") [ruTracker.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuTracker.org "RuTracker.org") [YggTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YggTorrent "YggTorrent") [YourBittorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YourBittorrent "YourBittorrent") \| \| Defunct sites ([comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites#Defunct "Comparison of BitTorrent sites")) \| [BTJunkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTJunkie "BTJunkie") [ExtraTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExtraTorrent "ExtraTorrent") [EZTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EZTV "EZTV") [isoHunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsoHunt "IsoHunt") [KickassTorrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KickassTorrents "KickassTorrents") [LokiTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LokiTorrent "LokiTorrent") [Mininova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininova "Mininova") [Oink's Pink Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace "Oink's Pink Palace") [RARBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RARBG "RARBG") [Suprnova.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprnova.org "Suprnova.org") [t411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T411 "T411") [Torrent Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent_Project "Torrent Project") [TorrentSpy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentSpy "TorrentSpy") [Torrentz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrentz "Torrentz") [What.CD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What.CD "What.CD") [YIFY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIFY "YIFY") [YouTorrent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTorrent "YouTorrent") \| \| Related topics \| [aXXo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AXXo "AXXo") [BitTorrent Open Source License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_Open_Source_License "BitTorrent Open Source License") [Glossary of BitTorrent terms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms "Glossary of BitTorrent terms") [Popcorn Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn_Time "Popcorn Time") [Slyck.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slyck.com "Slyck.com") [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:BitTorrent "Category:BitTorrent") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BitTorrent "commons:Category:BitTorrent") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Intellectual_property_activism "Template:Intellectual property activism") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Intellectual_property_activism "Template talk:Intellectual property activism") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual_property_activism "Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual property activism")[Intellectual property](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property "Intellectual property") activism \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Issues \| [Artificial scarcity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_scarcity "Artificial scarcity") [Censorship by copyright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_by_copyright "Censorship by copyright") [Copyright infringement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement "Copyright infringement") [Copyright troll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_troll "Copyright troll") [Digital rights management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management "Digital rights management") [Fair use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use "Fair use") [Fan labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_labor "Fan labor") [art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_art "Fan art") [cosplay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosplay "Cosplay") [fiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_fiction "Fan fiction") [films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_film "Fan film") [games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_game "Fan game") [vidding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidding "Vidding") [Gripe site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_site "Gripe site") [Legal aspects of file sharing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing "Legal aspects of file sharing") [Mashup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_\(culture\) "Mashup (culture)") [digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_\(web_application_hybrid\) "Mashup (web application hybrid)") [music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_\(music\) "Mashup (music)") [novel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_novel "Mashup novel") [videos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_\(video\) "Mashup (video)") [Monopolies of knowledge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolies_of_knowledge "Monopolies of knowledge") [Music piracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_piracy "Music piracy") [Orphan works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_work "Orphan work") [Biopiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopiracy "Biopiracy") [Bioprospecting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprospecting "Bioprospecting") [Patents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents "Societal views on patents") [biological](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_patent "Biological patent") [software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent "Software patent") [software patent debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent_debate "Software patent debate") [trolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_troll "Patent troll") [Public domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain "Public domain") \| \| Concepts \| [All rights reversed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_rights_reversed "All rights reversed") [Alternative compensation system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_alternatives "Copyright alternatives") [Anti-copyright notice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-copyright_notice "Anti-copyright notice") [Business models for open-source software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_models_for_open-source_software "Business models for open-source software") [Copyleft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft "Copyleft") [Commercial use of copyleft works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_use_of_copyleft_works "Commercial use of copyleft works") [Commons-based peer production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production "Commons-based peer production") [Electronic sell-through](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_sell-through "Electronic sell-through") [Free content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content "Free content") [Free-software license](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-software_license "Free-software license") [Libertarian positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property "Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property") [Open content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content "Open content") [Open-design movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-design_movement "Open-design movement") [Open music model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_music_model "Open music model") [Open patent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patentleft "Patentleft") [Open source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source "Open source") [hardware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_hardware "Open-source hardware") [software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software "Open-source software") [Prizes instead of patents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizes_as_an_alternative_to_patents "Prizes as an alternative to patents") [contests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inducement_prize_contest "Inducement prize contest") [Share-alike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share-alike "Share-alike") [Sound recording copyright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright "Sound recording copyright") [Video on demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand "Video on demand") \| \| Movements \| [Access to Knowledge movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement "Access to Knowledge movement") [Anti-copyright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright "Criticism of copyright") [Cultural environmentalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_environmentalism "Cultural environmentalism") [Free-culture movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-culture_movement "Free-culture movement") [Free software movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement "Free software movement") \| \| Organizations \| \| \| \| \| \| Pro-copyright \| [Australian Screen Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Screen_Association "Australian Screen Association") [Copyright Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Alliance "Copyright Alliance") [Federation Against Copyright Theft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft "Federation Against Copyright Theft") [Future of Music Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Music_Coalition "Future of Music Coalition") [Motion Picture Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association "Motion Picture Association") [Recording Industry Association of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America "Recording Industry Association of America") \| \| Pro-copyleft \| [Anna's Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%27s_Archive "Anna's Archive") [Creative Commons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons "Creative Commons") [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation "Electronic Frontier Foundation") [Free Software Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation "Free Software Foundation") [Library Genesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Genesis "Library Genesis") [Open Rights Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Rights_Group "Open Rights Group") [Organization for Transformative Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Transformative_Works "Organization for Transformative Works") [The Anarchist Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anarchist_Library "The Anarchist Library") [The Pirate Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay "The Pirate Bay") [Piratbyrån](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyr%C3%A5n "Piratbyrån") [Pirate Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party "Pirate Party") [Public Knowledge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Knowledge "Public Knowledge") [Sci-Hub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub "Sci-Hub") [Shadow library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_library "Shadow library") [Students for Free Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Free_Culture "Students for Free Culture") [Z-Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Library "Z-Library") \| \| People \| [Cory Doctorow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Doctorow "Cory Doctorow") [Alexandra Elbakyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan "Alexandra Elbakyan") [Rick Falkvinge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Falkvinge "Rick Falkvinge") [Lawrence Lessig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig "Lawrence Lessig") [Pamela Samuelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Samuelson "Pamela Samuelson") [Richard Stallman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman "Richard Stallman") [Peter Suber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Suber "Peter Suber") [Peter Sunde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sunde "Peter Sunde") [Aaron Swartz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz "Aaron Swartz") [Jack Valenti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Valenti "Jack Valenti") \| \| Documentaries \| [Good Copy Bad Copy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Copy_Bad_Copy "Good Copy Bad Copy") [RiP!: A Remix Manifesto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiP!:_A_Remix_Manifesto "RiP!: A Remix Manifesto") [Steal This Film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steal_This_Film "Steal This Film") [The Internet's Own Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Internet%27s_Own_Boy "The Internet's Own Boy") [TPB AFK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPB_AFK "TPB AFK") \| \| Books \| [Chokepoint Capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chokepoint_Capitalism "Chokepoint Capitalism") [Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_and_Other_Laws_of_Cyberspace "Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace") [Free Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Culture_\(book\) "Free Culture (book)") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tor_onion_services "Template:Tor onion services") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Tor_onion_services "Template talk:Tor onion services") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tor_onion_services "Special:EditPage/Template:Tor onion services")[Tor onion services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_\(network\)#Onion_services "Tor (network)") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/20px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png) [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tor_onion_services "List of Tor onion services") ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tor_onion_services "Category:Tor onion services") \| \| \| Search engines \| [Ahmia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmia "Ahmia") [DuckDuckGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuckDuckGo#Tor_access "DuckDuckGo")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Grams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grams_\(search\) "Grams (search)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Kagi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagi "Kagi")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [MetaGer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetaGer "MetaGer")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Searx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searx "Searx")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21)[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| News \| [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Bellingcat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellingcat "Bellingcat")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Current Time TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_Time_TV "Current Time TV")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Die Tageszeitung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung "Die Tageszeitung")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Deutsche Welle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle "Deutsche Welle")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [The Daily Stormer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer "The Daily Stormer")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Darknetlive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknetlive "Darknetlive")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [DeepDotWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepDotWeb "DeepDotWeb")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Radio Free Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia "Radio Free Asia")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Independent Media Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indymedia "Indymedia")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [The Intercept](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intercept "The Intercept")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Voice of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America "Voice of America")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| File storage and file sharing \| [BTDigg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTDigg "BTDigg")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Freedom Hosting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Hosting "Freedom Hosting")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Free Haven Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Haven_Project "Free Haven Project")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [KickassTorrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KickassTorrents "KickassTorrents")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Pirate Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay "The Pirate Bay")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Proton Drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_Drive "Proton Drive")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| Email and instant messaging \| [Bitmessage.ch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitmessage "Bitmessage") [Briar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briar_\(software\) "Briar (software)") [Keybase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keybase "Keybase")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [OpenPGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenPGP "OpenPGP")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Proton Mail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_Mail "Proton Mail")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Riseup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riseup "Riseup")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Tor Mail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_Mail "Tor Mail")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [TorChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorChat "TorChat")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) \| \| Social media and forums \| [8chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8chan "8chan")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Dark0de](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark0de "Dark0de") [Dread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dread_\(forum\) "Dread (forum)") [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_onion_address "Facebook onion address")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [HackBB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackBB "HackBB")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Hub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hub_\(forum\) "The Hub (forum)") [The Hidden Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hidden_Wiki "The Hidden Wiki") \| \| [Darknet markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknet_market "Darknet market") \| [Agora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agora_\(online_marketplace\) "Agora (online marketplace)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [AlphaBay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaBay "AlphaBay")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Atlantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis_\(market\) "Atlantis (market)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Archetyp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archetyp_Market "Archetyp Market")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Black Market Reloaded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Market_Reloaded "Black Market Reloaded")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Dream Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Market "Dream Market")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Evolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_\(marketplace\) "Evolution (marketplace)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [The Farmer's Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Farmer%27s_Market "The Farmer's Market")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Hansa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansa_\(market\) "Hansa (market)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Hydra Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_Market "Hydra Market")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Sheep Marketplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_Marketplace "Sheep Marketplace")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Silk Road](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_\(marketplace\) "Silk Road (marketplace)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [TheRealDeal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheRealDeal "TheRealDeal")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Russian Anonymous Marketplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anonymous_Marketplace "Russian Anonymous Marketplace")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Tor Carding Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_Carding_Forum "Tor Carding Forum")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Utopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia_\(marketplace\) "Utopia (marketplace)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [White House Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Market "White House Market")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) \| \| Archives \| [Archive.today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today "Archive.today")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Doxbin (darknet)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxbin_\(darknet\) "Doxbin (darknet)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Internet Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive "Internet Archive")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Sci-Hub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub "Sci-Hub")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Z-Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Library "Z-Library")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| Activism \| [Associated Whistleblowing Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press "Associated Whistleblowing Press") [Elephant Action League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_Action_League "Elephant Action League") [Freedom of the Press Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_the_Press_Foundation "Freedom of the Press Foundation")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [GlobaLeaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobaLeaks "GlobaLeaks") [NawaatLeaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaat#Nawaatleaks "Nawaat") [SecureDrop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecureDrop "SecureDrop")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [WikiLeaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks "WikiLeaks")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| Operating systems \| [DivestOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS "DivestOS")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Qubes OS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubes_OS "Qubes OS")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Tails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tails_\(operating_system\) "Tails (operating system)")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Whonix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whonix "Whonix")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| Government \| [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| Pornography \| [Boystown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boystown_\(website\) "Boystown (website)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Childs Play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childs_Play_\(website\) "Childs Play (website)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Lolita City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita_City "Lolita City")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Playpen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playpen_\(website\) "Playpen (website)")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) [Pornhub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornhub "Pornhub")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Welcome to Video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome_to_Video_case "Welcome to Video case")[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-d-21) \| \| Other \| [1\.1.1.1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1.1.1.1 "1.1.1.1")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Brave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_\(web_browser\) "Brave (web browser)")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [BusKill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusKill "BusKill")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [DEF CON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEF_CON "DEF CON")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [F-Droid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-Droid "F-Droid")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Mailpile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailpile "Mailpile")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Mullvad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullvad "Mullvad")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Njalla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njalla "Njalla")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [OnionShare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OnionShare "OnionShare")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) [Terms of Service; Didn't Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Service;_Didn%27t_Read "Terms of Service; Didn't Read")[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note--20) \| \| [Tor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_\(network\)#Onion_services "Tor (network)") [.onion domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion ".onion") [Tor2web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor2web "Tor2web") ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-0) [*b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-1) [*c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-2) [*d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-3) [*e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-4) [*f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-5) [*g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-6) [*h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-7) [*i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-8) [*j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-9) [*k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-10) [*l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-11) [*m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-12) [*n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-13) [*o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-14) [*p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-15) [*q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-16) [*r](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-17) [*s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-18) [*t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-19) [*u](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-20) [*v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-21) [*w](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-22) [*x](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-23) [*y](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-24) [*z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-25) [*aa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-26) [*ab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-27) [*ac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-28) [*ad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-29) [*ae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-30) [*af](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-31) [*ag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-32) [*ah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-33) [*ai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-34) [*aj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-35) [*ak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-36) [*al](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-37) [*am](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-38) [*an](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-39) [*ao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-40) [*ap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-41) [*aq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-42) [*ar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-43) [*as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-44) [*at](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-45) [*au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-46) [*av](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-47) [*aw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-48) [*ax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-49) [*ay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-_20-50) Maintains additional presence on the surface web ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-8) [j](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-9) [k](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-10) [l](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-11) [m](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-12) [n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-13) [o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-14) [p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-15) [q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-16) [r](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-17) [s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-18) [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-19) [u](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-20) [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-21) [w](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-22) [x](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-23) [y](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-24) [z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-25) [aa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-26) [ab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-27) [ac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-28) [ad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-29) [ae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-30) [af](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-31) [ag*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-d_21-32) Offline or discontinued \| \| [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"): - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg) [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Internet "Portal:Internet") - 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Readable Markdown	[![Page semi-protected](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi "This article is semi-protected.") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, 123movieshub](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Movies_123movies.png/250px-Movies_123movies.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Movies_123movies.png) \| \| \| Type of site \| Online file hosting index \| \| Available in \| English \| \| Country of origin \| [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam") \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Editors \| (Vietnamese-based)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) \| \| [Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue") \| Advertising \| \| Commercial \| Yes \| \| Registration \| Optional \| \| [Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user "Registered user") \| 98 million at peak[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3) \| \| Launched \| est. 2015–2016[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-6) \| \| Current status \| Offline[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2) \| \| Content license \| Unlicensed[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) \| 123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, MeMovies or 123movieshub was a network of [file streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") websites operating from [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam") which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's "most popular illegal site" by the [Motion Picture Association of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America "Motion Picture Association of America") (MPAA) in March 2018,[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8) Development [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GoMovies_Logo.png/250px-GoMovies_Logo.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GoMovies_Logo.png) GoMovies logo The site went through several name changes after being shut down from different domains; sometimes the name appeared as "123Movies", and other times as "123movies". The original name, and URL, was 123movies.to, which changed to other domains including 123movies.is before redirecting to gomovies.to and later gomovies.is.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:3-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:12-10) It was changed to gostream.is, and then to memovies.to, before changing to 123movieshub.to/is and remaining there until shutdown.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8) In October 2016, the MPAA listed 123Movies in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") (USTR), stating that: "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data".[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) In October 2016, [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider") reported that 123movies.to was the "most-used pirate website" in the United Kingdom.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-11)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5) 123Movies included HD, HD-RIP, [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") and [camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam_\(bootleg\) "Cam (bootleg)") qualities of films. The video hosters and players it used included [Openload](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openload "Openload"), Streamango, and MyCloud. During its existence and shutdown period, the site was covered by [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak") regarding its features, uptime/downtime, shutdown, and reasons for shutdown.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13) In December 2017, the creators of 123movies launched another streaming site dedicated to [anime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime "Anime"), named AnimeHub.to, which remained online for months after 123Movies's shutdown.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:4-13) Shutdown In March 2017, [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak") reported that the US ambassador to Vietnam, [Ted Osius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Osius "Ted Osius"), had been in talks with the local Minister of Information and Communications, Truong Minh Tuan, about shutting down illegal video streaming sites operating from Vietnam, and listed 123movies as one specific site.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16) In October 2017, the MPAA listed 123Movies (and GoStream.is) in its Online Notorious Markets overview to the [Office of the United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative"), stating that while the site was technically hosted from [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine "Ukraine") that: "The site takes numerous steps to hide the identity of the operator, including using [Cloudflare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudflare "Cloudflare"), but there is strong reason to believe the operator is still in [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam"); content is uploaded using [cyberlockers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberlockers "Cyberlockers") from numerous email accounts originating from [Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Tho_University "Can Tho University")".[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2017-1)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:2-12)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) In March 2018, the MPAA said that the site was the "most popular illegal site in the world", stated it was operated from Vietnam and estimated that it received 98 million visitors per month.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-refa-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:0-7) On 19 March 2018, a note on the site's home page announced its shutdown, and urged users to "respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:1-8)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:6-16) Reappearance In October 2018, the MPAA's update on Online Notorious Markets to the United States Trade Representative, said that the closure of 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies, on foot of a criminal investigation in Vietnam in 2018, was "an important development" in combatting illegal film piracy services. However, the MPAA report also noted that numerous copycat sites had emerged in at least eight other countries.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2018-2)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:10-17) In November 2018 TorrentFreak reported sites connected or similar to 123Movies such as WatchAsap had also been shut down by the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI"), but were re-directing to other file sharing sites.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-:11-18) Clones of 123Movies were also available in India despite authorities having blocked the main website.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-19) See also - [FMovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMovies "FMovies") - [List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom "List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom") - [Putlocker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putlocker "Putlocker"), similar online movie streaming network - [YIFY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIFY "YIFY") Torrents (or YTS), online movie file downloading network - [Popcorn Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn_Time "Popcorn Time"), a [freeware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeware "Freeware") program allowing users to watch movies through torrenting on several platforms. Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-6) The MPAA only first makes comment on 123Movies in its 2016 report to the USTR; it does not appear in the MPAA 2015 report to the USTR on Notorious Markets.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-mpaa2016-4) Similarly, the earliest article on TorrentFreak regarding 123Movies dates from late 2016.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_note-torrent2016-5) References 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2017_1-2) [Charles Rivkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rivkin "Charles Rivkin") (CEO MPAA) (2 October 2017). ["Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data." 2. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2018_2-2) [Charles Rivkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rivkin "Charles Rivkin") (CEO MPAA) (1 October 2018). ["Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/notorious-markets-final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:" 3. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-refa_3-2) An Nguyen (15 March 2018). ["World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association"](https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/world-s-most-popular-pirated-movie-site-being-run-from-vietnam-us-trade-association-3722948.html). [VnExpress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VnExpress "VnExpress"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. ""Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA." 4. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-mpaa2016_4-2) Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President) (7 October 2016). ["Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation"](https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/MPAA-Notorious-Markets-2016-Final.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders' ability to identify its precise host." 5. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-torrent2016_5-1) Ernsto (28 October 2016). ["UK Piracy Blocklist Expands With 123movies and Other Streaming Sites"](https://torrentfreak.com/uk-piracy-blocklist-expands-with-123movies-and-other-streaming-sites-161028/). Retrieved 22 February 2019. "The 123movies.to website is by far the largest target on the list. The site is currently the most used pirate site in the UK, and attracts millions of daily visitors around the globe. While the looming blockade will result in a temporary reduction in traffic, 123movies is already anticipating such measures. The streaming portal currently features a message alerting people that they have an alternative .ru domain available that may help to bypass blockades." 6. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:0_7-4) Ernesto (16 March 2018). ["MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site"](https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 2019-01-19. ""Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress." 7. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:1_8-3) Ernesto (19 March 2019). ["Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown"](https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows." 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:3_9-0)* ["Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)"](https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-site-123movies-rebrands-as-gomovies-170329/). TorrentFreak. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:12_10-0) ["GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'"](https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies-moves-to-gostream-is-and-evades-google-ban-170714/). TorrentFreak. 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-11) James Cook (28 October 2019). ["13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK"](https://www.businessinsider.com/13-illegal-movie-tv-streaming-sites-blocked-in-uk-2016-10?r=US&IR=T). [Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider"). Retrieved 21 February 2019. "TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK." 11. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:2_12-1) Ernesto (1 April 2018). ["Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?"](https://torrentfreak.com/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). Retrieved 19 February 2019. 12. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:4_13-1) ["GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site"](https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204/). TorrentFreak. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-14)* ["US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon"](https://torrentfreak.com/us-ambassador-asks-vietnam-to-target-123movies-putlocker-and-kisscartoon-170323/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-15) ["\[TRANSLATED\] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook"](https://vnexpress.net/kinh-doanh/viet-my-hop-tac-chan-noi-dung-xau-tren-youtube-facebook-3559244.html). [VnExpress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VnExpress "VnExpress"). 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019. 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:6_16-1) Matthew Dunn. ["123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy"](https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content/news-story/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d). [news.com.au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News.com.au "News.com.au"). Retrieved 2019-01-19. "123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country." 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:10_17-0)* ["123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation"](https://torrentfreak.com/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005/). [TorrentFreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentFreak "TorrentFreak"). 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-:11_18-0) ["Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?"](https://torrentfreak.com/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118/). TorrentFreak. 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123Movies#cite_ref-19) ["123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला"](https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/123movies-hd-movies-website-is-still-online-even-after-ban/articleshow/65812044.cms). [Navbharat Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navbharat_Times "Navbharat Times") (in Hindi). External links - [MPAA Research on Notorious Markets](https://www.mpaa.org/policy-statement/mpaa-comments-to-ustr-on-notorious-markets/)
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