🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 189 (from laksa069)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa189.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56","crawl_time":1775464386,"first_indexed_time":1419159131,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikinews!en,\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 s443","src_root_hash":"16805363226576623389","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56 - Wikinews, the free news source","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikinews, the free news source you can write!\nThursday, October 6, 2011\nSteve Jobs shows the iPhone 4\nImage: Matthew Yohe.\nThe co-founder and former chief executive officer of\nApple Inc.\nSteve Jobs\nhas died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website.\nOn August 24,\nJobs resigned\nfrom his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004.\nJobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of $348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first\nMacintosh\npersonal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded\nNeXT\n. In 1986 he bought\nPixar\nwhich was acquired by\nThe Walt Disney Company\nin 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the\niMac\npersonal computer, in 2001 the\niPod\nmusic player and the following year the\nMac OS X\noperating system was released. 2007 was the year of the\niPhone\nsmartphone, then the\niPad\ntablet computer in 2010.\nA statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text \"Steve Jobs 1955-2011\", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.”\nUnited States\nPresident\nBarack Obama\nsaid \"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it\".\nFormer\nMicrosoft\nCEO\nBill Gates\nresponded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: \"The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely.\" The current Microsoft CEO\nSteve Ballmer\nalso expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as \"one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary\".\nSources\nStatement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer\n— \nMicrosoft News Centre\n, October 6, 2011\nSteve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56\n— \nBBC News\n, October 6, 2011\nBill Gates.\nSteve Jobs\n— \nThe Gates Notes\n, October 5, 2011\nRemembering Steve Jobs\n— \nApple Inc.\n, October 5, 2011\nSteve Jobs, 1955 – 2011\n— \nWired\n, October 5, 2011\nApple’s Steve Jobs Dies\n— \nBloomberg\n, October 5, 2011\nThe Associated Press.\nStatement from Steve Jobs' family after his death\n— \nSan Francisco Chronicle\n, Wednesday, October 5, 2011\nThis page is\narchived\n, and is no longer publicly editable.\nArticles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication.\nGot a correction? Add the template {{\neditprotected\n}} to the\ntalk page\nalong with your corrections, and it will be\nbrought to the attention of\nthe\nadministrators\n.\nPlease note that due to our\narchival policy\n, we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections.\nNote that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age.\nThe text of this article is licensed under the terms of the\nCreative Commons Attribution 2.5 License\nThis page is\narchived\n, and is no longer publicly editable.\nArticles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication.\nGot a correction? Add the template {{\neditprotected\n}} to the\ntalk page\nalong with your corrections, and it will be\nbrought to the attention of\nthe\nadministrators\n.\nPlease note that due to our\narchival policy\n, we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections.\nNote that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age.\nThe text of this article is licensed under the terms of the\nCreative Commons Attribution 2.5 License","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [alt-z]\")\n- [Newsroom](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Newsroom)\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes in the wiki [alt-r]\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Load a random page [alt-x]\")\n- [Archives](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Archives)\n- [Free use media upload](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:UploadWizard)\n\nWikinews\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Introduction \"The place to find out\")\n- [Pillars of writing](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Pillars_of_writing)\n- [Write an article](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Writing_an_article)\n- [Water cooler](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Water_cooler)\n- [Style guide](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Style_guide)\n- [Live chat](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:IRC \"Talk with other Wikinewsies via Internet Relay Chat.\")\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikinews.org&uselang=en)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Contact_us)\n\nRegions\n\n- [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Africa)\n- [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Antarctica)\n- [Asia](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Asia)\n- [Central America](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Central_America)\n- [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Europe)\n- [Middle East](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Middle_East)\n- [North America](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:North_America)\n- [Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Oceania)\n- [South America](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:South_America)\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/static\/images\/icons\/wikinews.svg) ![Wikinews](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikinews-wordmark-en.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikinews [alt-f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nText\n\nThis page always uses small font size\n\nWidth\n\nThe content is as wide as possible for your browser window.\n\nColor (beta)\n\nThis page is always in light mode.\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikinews.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56 \"You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [alt-o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikinews.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56 \"You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [alt-o]\")\n\n\\[[dismiss]()\\]\n\n**The Wikimedia Foundation's [Board of Trustees](https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Wikimedia_Foundation\/Board_of_Trustees \"meta:Wikimedia Foundation\/Board of Trustees\") has decided to close all Wikinews projects.** From 4 May, Wikinews sites will become read-only. Please see [further details and discussions](https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews \"meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard\") on Meta-Wiki.\n\nThere are [ongoing discussions](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews_talk:Migration \"Wikinews talk:Migration\") about migrating Wikinews to [another host](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews_talk:Migration#Miraheze \"Wikinews talk:Migration\").\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [Beginning](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56)\n- [1 Sources](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56#Sources)\n# Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56\n14 languages\n\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Mu%C5%BE,_kter%C3%BD_zalo%C5%BEil_firmu_Apple,_zem%C5%99el \"Muž, který založil firmu Apple, zemřel – Czech\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple-Gr%C3%BCnder_Steve_Jobs_gestorben \"Apple-Gründer Steve Jobs gestorben – German\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5_%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B2_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%82 \"Πέθανε ο Στηβ Τζομπς – Greek\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Falleci%C3%B3_Steve_Jobs_a_los_56_a%C3%B1os \"Falleció Steve Jobs a los 56 años – Spanish\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86_%DB%B5%DB%B6_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA \"استیو جابز در سن ۵۶ سالگی درگذشت – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Steve_Jobs_on_kuollut \"Steve Jobs on kuollut – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tats-Unis_:_Steve_Jobs,_cofondateur_d%27Apple_est_d%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9_le_5_octobre_2011 \"États-Unis : Steve Jobs, cofondateur d'Apple est décédé le 5 octobre 2011 – French\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%C3%88_morto_Steve_Jobs \"È morto Steve Jobs – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%E8%A8%83%E5%A0%B1_%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%96%E3%82%BA%E6%B0%8F_-_%E5%89%8D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%ABCEO \"訃報 スティーブ・ジョブズ氏 - 前アップルCEO – Japanese\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Zmar%C5%82_Steve_Jobs \"Zmarł Steve Jobs – Polish\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%D0%92_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%BD%D0%B0_57-%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_Apple_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81 \"В США на 57-м году жизни скончался основатель компании Apple Стив Джобс – Russian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0 \"Умро Стив Џобс, суоснивач и главни човек Епла – Serbian\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_56%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D \"ஆப்பிளின் இணை-நிறுவனர் ஸ்டீவ் ஜாப்ஸ் 56வது அகவையில் காலமானார் – Tamil\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikinews.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%88%9B%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%96 \"苹果创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯去世 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q17601502#sitelinks-wikinews \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"View the content page [alt-c]\")\n- [Collaboration](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Talk:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Discussion about the content page [alt-t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [alt-e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [alt-h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=edit)\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"A list of all wiki pages that link here [alt-j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [alt-k]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&oldid=4813407 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&id=4813407&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikinews.org%2Fwiki%2FApple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56)\n- [Expand all](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Expand all collapsible elements on the current page\")\n- [Edit interlanguage links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q17601502#sitelinks-wikinews \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Create a book](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56)\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=show-download-screen)\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [alt-p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q17601502 \"Link to connected data repository item [alt-g]\")\n\nFrom Wikinews, the free news source you can write\\!\n\n**Thursday, October 6, 2011**\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg\/250px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)\n\nSteve Jobs shows the iPhone 4  \nImage: Matthew Yohe.\n\nThe co-founder and former chief executive officer of [Apple Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc. \"Apple Inc.\") [Steve Jobs](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Steve_Jobs \"Steve Jobs\") has died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website.\n\nOn August 24, [Jobs resigned](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_executive_Steve_Jobs_resigns \"Apple executive Steve Jobs resigns\") from his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004.\n\nJobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of \\$348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first [Macintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macintosh \"w:Macintosh\") personal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded [NeXT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NeXT \"w:NeXT\"). In 1986 he bought [Pixar](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Pixar \"Pixar\") which was acquired by [The Walt Disney Company](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/The_Walt_Disney_Company \"The Walt Disney Company\") in 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the [iMac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iMac \"w:iMac\") personal computer, in 2001 the [iPod](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPod \"w:iPod\") music player and the following year the [Mac OS X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mac_OS_X \"w:Mac OS X\") operating system was released. 2007 was the year of the [iPhone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPhone \"w:iPhone\") smartphone, then the [iPad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPad \"w:iPad\") tablet computer in 2010.\n\nA statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text \"Steve Jobs 1955-2011\", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.”\n\n[United States](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\") President [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") said \"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it\".\n\nFormer [Microsoft](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") CEO [Bill Gates](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Bill_Gates \"Bill Gates\") responded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: \"The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely.\" The current Microsoft CEO [Steve Ballmer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steve_Ballmer \"w:Steve Ballmer\") also expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as \"one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary\".\n\nHave an opinion on this story? [Share it\\!](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Comments:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Comments:Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56\")\n\n## Sources\n- [Statement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer](http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/Presspass\/press\/2011\/oct11\/10-05statement.mspx) — *[Microsoft News Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_News_Centre \"w:Microsoft News Centre\")*, October 6, 2011\n- [Steve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-us-canada-15193922) — *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*, October 6, 2011\n- Bill Gates. [Steve Jobs](http:\/\/www.thegatesnotes.com\/Personal\/Steve-Jobs) — *[The Gates Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Gates_Notes \"w:The Gates Notes\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Remembering Steve Jobs](http:\/\/www.apple.com\/stevejobs\/) — *[Apple Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc. \"Apple Inc.\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Steve Jobs, 1955 – 2011](http:\/\/www.wired.com\/epicenter\/2011\/10\/jobs\/) — *[Wired](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wired \"w:Wired\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Apple’s Steve Jobs Dies](http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-10-05\/steve-jobs-who-built-most-valuable-technology-company-passes-away-at-56.html) — *[Bloomberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomberg \"w:Bloomberg\")*, October 5, 2011\n- The Associated Press. [Statement from Steve Jobs' family after his death](http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/cgi-bin\/article.cgi?f=\/n\/a\/2011\/10\/05\/national\/a182921D88.DTL) — *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"w:San Francisco Chronicle\")*, Wednesday, October 5, 2011\n\n|   |\n|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/Bookmark-new.svg\/20px-Bookmark-new.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Social_bookmarks \"Wikinews:Social bookmarks\") **Share this article** [![Email this story](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/39\/Tabler-icons_mail-filled.svg\/40px-Tabler-icons_mail-filled.svg.png)](mailto:?subject=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56%20–%20Wikinews&body=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56:%0A\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56%0A%0AFrom%20Wikinews,%20the%20free%20news%20source%20you%20can%20write! \"Email this story\") [![Share on Facebook](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/2021_Facebook_icon.svg\/20px-2021_Facebook_icon.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&quote=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56%20-%20Wikinews \"Share on Facebook\") [![Share on Telegram](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Telegram_2019_Logo.svg\/20px-Telegram_2019_Logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/telegram.me\/share\/url?url=\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&text=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56+-+Wikinews \"Share on Telegram\") [![Share on WhatsApp](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cc\/WhatsApp_Logo.svg\/40px-WhatsApp_Logo.svg.png)](http:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&title=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56+-+Wikinews \"Share on WhatsApp\") [![Share on LinkedIn](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/LinkedIn_icon.svg\/20px-LinkedIn_icon.svg.png)](http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&title=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56+-+Wikinews \"Share on LinkedIn\") [![Share on WeChat](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Ionicons_logo-wechat.svg\/20px-Ionicons_logo-wechat.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56?withJS=MediaWiki:SubmitWizard.js&wechat=1 \"Share on WeChat\")  ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Font_Awesome_5_solid_ellipsis-h.svg\/20px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_ellipsis-h.svg.png) [![Share on Twitter](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/X_logo_2023.svg\/20px-X_logo_2023.svg.png)](https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Look%20what%20I%20found%20on%20Wikinews:%20Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56&url=\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Share on Twitter\") [![Share on Reddit](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Reddit_logo.svg\/40px-Reddit_logo.svg.png)](http:\/\/reddit.com\/submit?url=https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&title=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56+-+Wikinews \"Share on Reddit\") [![Share on Bluesky](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Bluesky_Logo.svg\/20px-Bluesky_Logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/bsky.app\/intent\/compose?text=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56%20%E2%80%93%20Wikinews%0A\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Share on Bluesky\") [![Share on Mastodon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Mastodon_logotype_%28simple%29_new_hue.svg\/20px-Mastodon_logotype_%28simple%29_new_hue.svg.png)](https:\/\/mastodon.social\/share?text=Apple+Inc.+co-founder+Steve+Jobs+dies+aged+56%20%E2%80%93%20Wikinews&url=%2F%2Fen.wikinews.org%2Fwiki%2FApple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Share on Mastodon\") |\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Padlock-silver-medium.svg\/40px-Padlock-silver-medium.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/File:Padlock-silver-medium.svg) | **This page is [archived](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Archive_conventions \"Wikinews:Archive conventions\"), and is no longer publicly editable.** Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. 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The text of this article is licensed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&oldid=4813407>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Special:Categories \"Special:Categories\"):\n\n- [October 6, 2011](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:October_6,_2011 \"Category:October 6, 2011\")\n- [Published](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Published \"Category:Published\")\n- [Archived](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Archived \"Category:Archived\")\n- [United States](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:United_States \"Category:United States\")\n- [Obituaries](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Obituaries \"Category:Obituaries\")\n- [Economy and business](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Economy_and_business \"Category:Economy and business\")\n- [Apple Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Apple_Inc. \"Category:Apple Inc.\")\n- [Steve Jobs](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Steve_Jobs \"Category:Steve Jobs\")\n- [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Barack_Obama \"Category:Barack Obama\")\n- [Bill Gates](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Bill_Gates \"Category:Bill Gates\")\n- [Pixar Animation Studios](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Pixar_Animation_Studios \"Category:Pixar Animation Studios\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [Pages with defaulting non-local links](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Pages_with_defaulting_non-local_links \"Category:Pages with defaulting non-local links\")\n- [Articles not disputed](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_not_disputed \"Category:Articles not disputed\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 18 December 2024, at 03:24.\n- [![Creative Commons License](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/CCBY_yellow.png)](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/ \"Creative Commons License\")\n  \n  Creative Commons License\n  All text created after December 16, 2024 is available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/) License unless otherwise specified.   \n  Text created between September 25, 2005 and December 15, 2024 is available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/) License, unless otherwise specified.   \n  Contributions must be attributed to *Wikinews*; see [Terms of use](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms_of_Use) for details.  \n  Copyright on images may vary, please check individual image pages prior to duplication.  \n   By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Terms_of_Use) and [Privacy Policy.](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)  \n  *Wikinews*® and the *Wikinews* logo are registered trademarks of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/)  \n    \n  *Wikinews* is not responsible for the content of external sites.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikinews](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:General_disclaimer)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikinews.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nApple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56\n\n14 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikinews, the free news source you can write\\!\n\n**Thursday, October 6, 2011**\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg\/250px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)\n\nSteve Jobs shows the iPhone 4  \nImage: Matthew Yohe.\n\nThe co-founder and former chief executive officer of [Apple Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc. \"Apple Inc.\") [Steve Jobs](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Steve_Jobs \"Steve Jobs\") has died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website.\n\nOn August 24, [Jobs resigned](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_executive_Steve_Jobs_resigns \"Apple executive Steve Jobs resigns\") from his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004.\n\nJobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of \\$348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first [Macintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macintosh \"w:Macintosh\") personal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded [NeXT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NeXT \"w:NeXT\"). In 1986 he bought [Pixar](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Pixar \"Pixar\") which was acquired by [The Walt Disney Company](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/The_Walt_Disney_Company \"The Walt Disney Company\") in 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the [iMac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iMac \"w:iMac\") personal computer, in 2001 the [iPod](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPod \"w:iPod\") music player and the following year the [Mac OS X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mac_OS_X \"w:Mac OS X\") operating system was released. 2007 was the year of the [iPhone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPhone \"w:iPhone\") smartphone, then the [iPad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/iPad \"w:iPad\") tablet computer in 2010.\n\nA statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text \"Steve Jobs 1955-2011\", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.”\n\n[United States](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\") President [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") said \"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it\".\n\nFormer [Microsoft](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") CEO [Bill Gates](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Bill_Gates \"Bill Gates\") responded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: \"The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely.\" The current Microsoft CEO [Steve Ballmer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steve_Ballmer \"w:Steve Ballmer\") also expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as \"one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary\".\n\nSources\n\n- [Statement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer](http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/Presspass\/press\/2011\/oct11\/10-05statement.mspx) — *[Microsoft News Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_News_Centre \"w:Microsoft News Centre\")*, October 6, 2011\n- [Steve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-us-canada-15193922) — *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*, October 6, 2011\n- Bill Gates. [Steve Jobs](http:\/\/www.thegatesnotes.com\/Personal\/Steve-Jobs) — *[The Gates Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Gates_Notes \"w:The Gates Notes\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Remembering Steve Jobs](http:\/\/www.apple.com\/stevejobs\/) — *[Apple Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc. \"Apple Inc.\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Steve Jobs, 1955 – 2011](http:\/\/www.wired.com\/epicenter\/2011\/10\/jobs\/) — *[Wired](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wired \"w:Wired\")*, October 5, 2011\n- [Apple’s Steve Jobs Dies](http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-10-05\/steve-jobs-who-built-most-valuable-technology-company-passes-away-at-56.html) — *[Bloomberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomberg \"w:Bloomberg\")*, October 5, 2011\n- The Associated Press. [Statement from Steve Jobs' family after his death](http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/cgi-bin\/article.cgi?f=\/n\/a\/2011\/10\/05\/national\/a182921D88.DTL) — *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"w:San Francisco Chronicle\")*, Wednesday, October 5, 2011\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Padlock-silver-medium.svg\/40px-Padlock-silver-medium.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/File:Padlock-silver-medium.svg) | **This page is [archived](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Archive_conventions \"Wikinews:Archive conventions\"), and is no longer publicly editable.** Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? Add the template {{[editprotected](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Template:Editprotected \"Template:Editprotected\")}} to the [talk page](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Talk:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Talk:Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56\") along with your corrections, and it will be [brought to the attention of](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Admin_action_alerts#Edits_to_protected_pages \"Wikinews:Admin action alerts\") the [administrators](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Administrators \"Wikinews:Administrators\").Please note that due to our [archival policy](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:ARCHIVE \"Wikinews:ARCHIVE\"), we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections.Note that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age.The text of this article is licensed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/) |\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Padlock-silver-medium.svg\/40px-Padlock-silver-medium.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/File:Padlock-silver-medium.svg) | **This page is [archived](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Archive_conventions \"Wikinews:Archive conventions\"), and is no longer publicly editable.** Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? Add the template {{[editprotected](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Template:Editprotected \"Template:Editprotected\")}} to the [talk page](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Talk:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 \"Talk:Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56\") along with your corrections, and it will be [brought to the attention of](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Admin_action_alerts#Edits_to_protected_pages \"Wikinews:Admin action alerts\") the [administrators](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:Administrators \"Wikinews:Administrators\").Please note that due to our [archival policy](https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Wikinews:ARCHIVE \"Wikinews:ARCHIVE\"), we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections.Note that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age. The text of this article is licensed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/) |","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! Thursday, October 6, 2011 Steve Jobs shows the iPhone 4 Image: Matthew Yohe. The co-founder and former chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Steve Jobs has died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website. On August 24, Jobs resigned from his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004. Jobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of $348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first Macintosh personal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded NeXT . In 1986 he bought Pixar which was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the iMac personal computer, in 2001 the iPod music player and the following year the Mac OS X operating system was released. 2007 was the year of the iPhone smartphone, then the iPad tablet computer in 2010. A statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text "Steve Jobs 1955-2011", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.” United States President Barack Obama said "Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it". Former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates responded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: "The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely." The current Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer also expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as "one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary". Sources Statement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer — Microsoft News Centre , October 6, 2011 Steve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56 — BBC News , October 6, 2011 Bill Gates. Steve Jobs — The Gates Notes , October 5, 2011 Remembering Steve Jobs — Apple Inc. , October 5, 2011 Steve Jobs, 1955 – 2011 — Wired , October 5, 2011 Apple’s Steve Jobs Dies — Bloomberg , October 5, 2011 The Associated Press. Statement from Steve Jobs' family after his death — San Francisco Chronicle , Wednesday, October 5, 2011 This page is archived , and is no longer publicly editable. Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? Add the template {{ editprotected }} to the talk page along with your corrections, and it will be brought to the attention of the administrators . Please note that due to our archival policy , we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections. Note that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age. The text of this article is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License This page is archived , and is no longer publicly editable. Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? Add the template {{ editprotected }} to the talk page along with your corrections, and it will be brought to the attention of the administrators . Please note that due to our archival policy , we will not alter or update the content of articles that are archived, but will only accept requests to make grammatical and formatting corrections. Note that some listed sources or external links may no longer be available online due to age. The text of this article is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License
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Toggle the table of contents ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [Beginning](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56) - [1 Sources](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56#Sources) # Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56 14 languages - [Čeština](https://cs.wikinews.org/wiki/Mu%C5%BE,_kter%C3%BD_zalo%C5%BEil_firmu_Apple,_zem%C5%99el "Muž, který založil firmu Apple, zemřel – Czech") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple-Gr%C3%BCnder_Steve_Jobs_gestorben "Apple-Gründer Steve Jobs gestorben – German") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikinews.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5_%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B2_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%82 "Πέθανε ο Στηβ Τζομπς – Greek") - [Español](https://es.wikinews.org/wiki/Falleci%C3%B3_Steve_Jobs_a_los_56_a%C3%B1os "Falleció Steve Jobs a los 56 años – Spanish") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikinews.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86_%DB%B5%DB%B6_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA "استیو جابز در سن ۵۶ سالگی درگذشت – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikinews.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs_on_kuollut "Steve Jobs on kuollut – Finnish") - [Français](https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis_:_Steve_Jobs,_cofondateur_d%27Apple_est_d%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9_le_5_octobre_2011 "États-Unis : Steve Jobs, cofondateur d'Apple est décédé le 5 octobre 2011 – French") - [Italiano](https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/%C3%88_morto_Steve_Jobs "È morto Steve Jobs – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikinews.org/wiki/%E8%A8%83%E5%A0%B1_%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%96%E3%82%BA%E6%B0%8F_-_%E5%89%8D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%ABCEO "訃報スティーブ・ジョブズ氏 - 前アップルCEO – Japanese") - [Polski](https://pl.wikinews.org/wiki/Zmar%C5%82_Steve_Jobs "Zmarł Steve Jobs – Polish") - [Русский](https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%92_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%BD%D0%B0_57-%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_Apple_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81 "В США на 57-м году жизни скончался основатель компании Apple Стив Джобс – Russian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0 "Умро Стив Џобс, суоснивач и главни човек Епла – Serbian") - [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikinews.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_56%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D "ஆப்பிளின் இணை-நிறுவனர் ஸ்டீவ் ஜாப்ஸ் 56வது அகவையில் காலமானார் – Tamil") - [中文](https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%88%9B%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%96 "苹果创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯去世 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17601502#sitelinks-wikinews "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 "View the content page [alt-c]") - [Collaboration](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Talk:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 "Discussion about the content page [alt-t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56) - [View source](https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56&action=edit "This page is protected. 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Thursday, October 6, 2011 [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/250px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg) Steve Jobs shows the iPhone 4 Image: Matthew Yohe. The co-founder and former chief executive officer of [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Steve Jobs](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs "Steve Jobs") has died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website. On August 24, [Jobs resigned](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_executive_Steve_Jobs_resigns "Apple executive Steve Jobs resigns") from his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004. Jobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of \$348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first [Macintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh "w:Macintosh") personal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded [NeXT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT "w:NeXT"). In 1986 he bought [Pixar](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Pixar "Pixar") which was acquired by [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") in 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the [iMac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iMac "w:iMac") personal computer, in 2001 the [iPod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPod "w:iPod") music player and the following year the [Mac OS X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X "w:Mac OS X") operating system was released. 2007 was the year of the [iPhone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPhone "w:iPhone") smartphone, then the [iPad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPad "w:iPad") tablet computer in 2010. A statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text "Steve Jobs 1955-2011", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.” [United States](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/United_States "United States") President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") said "Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it". Former [Microsoft](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") CEO [Bill Gates](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Bill_Gates "Bill Gates") responded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: "The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely." The current Microsoft CEO [Steve Ballmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Ballmer "w:Steve Ballmer") also expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as "one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary". Have an opinion on this story? [Share it\!](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Comments:Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56 "Comments:Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56") ## Sources - [Statement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer](http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2011/oct11/10-05statement.mspx) — [Microsoft News Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_News_Centre "w:Microsoft News Centre"), October 6, 2011 - [Steve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15193922) — [BBC News](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"), October 6, 2011 - Bill Gates. [Steve Jobs](http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Personal/Steve-Jobs) — [The Gates Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gates_Notes "w:The Gates Notes"), October 5, 2011 - [Remembering Steve Jobs](http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/) — [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), October 5, 2011 - [Steve Jobs, 1955 – 2011](http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/10/jobs/) — [Wired](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired "w:Wired"), October 5, 2011 - [Apple’s Steve Jobs Dies](http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-05/steve-jobs-who-built-most-valuable-technology-company-passes-away-at-56.html) — [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg "w:Bloomberg"), October 5, 2011 - The Associated Press. [Statement from Steve Jobs' family after his death](http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2011/10/05/national/a182921D88.DTL) — [San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "w:San Francisco Chronicle"), Wednesday, October 5, 2011 \| \| \|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bookmark-new.svg/20px-Bookmark-new.svg.png)](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Social_bookmarks "Wikinews:Social bookmarks") Share this article [![Email this story](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tabler-icons_mail-filled.svg/40px-Tabler-icons_mail-filled.svg.png)](mailto:?subject=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56%20–%20Wikinews&body=Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56:%0A//en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._co-founder_Steve_Jobs_dies_aged_56%0A%0AFrom%20Wikinews,%20the%20free%20news%20source%20you%20can%20write! 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Readable Markdown	From Wikinews, the free news source you can write\! Thursday, October 6, 2011 [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/250px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg)](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg) Steve Jobs shows the iPhone 4 Image: Matthew Yohe. The co-founder and former chief executive officer of [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Steve Jobs](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs "Steve Jobs") has died yesterday at the age of 56, according to the company website. On August 24, [Jobs resigned](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_executive_Steve_Jobs_resigns "Apple executive Steve Jobs resigns") from his post as CEO. He has been fighting pancreatic cancer since 2004. Jobs, born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, has built the most valuable technology company in the world, with a market value of \$348.8 billion. He started Apple in 1976, and in 1984 the first [Macintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh "w:Macintosh") personal computer was released to the public. One year later he was fired from the company and he founded [NeXT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT "w:NeXT"). In 1986 he bought [Pixar](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Pixar "Pixar") which was acquired by [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") in 2005. In 1996, following Apple Computer's purchase of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple and soon after reassumed the role of CEO. In 1998 Apple introduced the [iMac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iMac "w:iMac") personal computer, in 2001 the [iPod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPod "w:iPod") music player and the following year the [Mac OS X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X "w:Mac OS X") operating system was released. 2007 was the year of the [iPhone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPhone "w:iPhone") smartphone, then the [iPad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPad "w:iPad") tablet computer in 2010. A statement on Apple's website, the homepage of which currently displays a black and white photograph and the text "Steve Jobs 1955-2011", states: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.” [United States](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/United_States "United States") President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") said "Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it". Former [Microsoft](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") CEO [Bill Gates](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Bill_Gates "Bill Gates") responded to Jobs' death with a statement on his blog: "The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. ... I will miss Steve immensely." The current Microsoft CEO [Steve Ballmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Ballmer "w:Steve Ballmer") also expressed condolences for Jobs and described him as "one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary". Sources - [Statement from Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer](http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2011/oct11/10-05statement.mspx) — [Microsoft News Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_News_Centre "w:Microsoft News Centre"), October 6, 2011 - [Steve Jobs Apple 'visionary' dies aged 56](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15193922) — [BBC News](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"), October 6, 2011 - Bill Gates. [Steve Jobs](http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Personal/Steve-Jobs) — [The Gates Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gates_Notes "w:The Gates Notes"), October 5, 2011 - [Remembering Steve Jobs](http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/) — [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), October 5, 2011 - [Steve Jobs, 1955 – 2011](http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/10/jobs/) — [Wired](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired "w:Wired"), October 5, 2011 - [Apple’s Steve Jobs Dies](http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-05/steve-jobs-who-built-most-valuable-technology-company-passes-away-at-56.html) — [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg "w:Bloomberg"), October 5, 2011 - The Associated Press. [Statement from Steve Jobs' family after his death](http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2011/10/05/national/a182921D88.DTL) — [San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "w:San Francisco Chronicle"), Wednesday, October 5, 2011 \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Padlock-silver-medium.svg/40px-Padlock-silver-medium.svg.png)](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/File:Padlock-silver-medium.svg) \| This page is [archived](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Archive_conventions "Wikinews:Archive conventions"), and is no longer publicly editable. Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication. Got a correction? 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