🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 76 (from laksa154)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa076.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/18026\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/18026\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/article\/view\/18026","crawl_time":1772948613,"first_indexed_time":1680816138,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"id,ac,uin-malang!ejournal,\/index.php\/bio\/article\/view\/18026 s443","src_root_hash":"5143950810486072076","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES | Ahmad | El-Hayah:Jurnal Biologi","meta_descriptions":["DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\nArsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http:\/\/bircu-journal.com\/index.php\/birci\/article\/view\/2963\nMuhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36574\/jpp.v5i1\nSMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https:\/\/smeru.or.id\/en\/publication\/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy\nJaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http:\/\/p2p.kemkes.go.id\/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19\/#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang\nCovid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/id\/artikel\/2022\/11\/02\/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022\nWorldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/country\/indonesia\/\nUnicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/indonesia\/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022\nSetiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153.\nSyauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020.\nKhoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2019.1667206\nSholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\nKhoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/view\/5146%0Ahttp:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/download\/5146\/2702\nWorld Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/341455\nMUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero).\nMUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products.\nTempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https:\/\/en.tempo.co\/read\/1444250\/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims\nMardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fitd.2021.788188\nMaravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January.\nKemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107\/MENKES\/9860\/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/storage\/app\/media\/Regulasi\/2020\/Desember\/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf\nFarmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https:\/\/farmalkes.kemkes.go.id\/2022\/01\/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19\/\nTempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https:\/\/koran.tempo.co\/read\/berita-utama\/466336\/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara\nSigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/deepweb\/assets\/sigmaaldrich\/marketing\/global\/documents\/165\/693\/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\nNedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18.\nAgency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http:\/\/www.ema. europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2013\/03\/ WC500139532.pdf\nQueensland Health. 2020. Medicines\/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0024\/147507\/qh-gdl-954.pdf\nSyatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/assehr.k.220408086\nRosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045.\nMUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https:\/\/mui.or.id\/berita\/33569\/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui\/\nBestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https:\/\/www.cnbcindonesia.com\/tech\/20220707072724-37-353560\/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan\nKemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https:\/\/www.kemkes.go.id\/article\/view\/21091100002\/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html\nCNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https:\/\/www.cnnindonesia.com\/nasional\/20220426084355-20-789700\/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui\/2.\nAl-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr.\nAhmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.007\nCox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40.\nZulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2020.1865044\nLohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.083\nCoussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.122\nNacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https:\/\/www.nacalai.co.jp\/global\/reagent\/research\/ Accutase.html\n, R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-126328\nRakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/mojfpt.2018.06.00209","attrs_markdown":"# ![Page Header](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/journals\/18\/pageHeaderTitleImage_en_US.jpg)\nAbout The Author\n\n*Mujahidin Ahmad*   \n<https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=57188971882>  \n   \n(Scopus ID: 57188971882, Sinta ID: 6749330) Biology Study Program, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia   \nIndonesia\n\nBiology Department UIN Malang\n\nScopus ID: [57188971882](https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=57188971882)\n\nSinta ID: [6749330](https:\/\/sinta.ristekbrin.go.id\/authors\/detail?id=6749330&view=overview)\n\nArticle Tools\n\n![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/plugins\/blocks\/readingTools\/icons\/printArticle.png) [Print this article]()\n\n![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/plugins\/blocks\/readingTools\/icons\/metadata.png) [Indexing metadata]()\n\n![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/plugins\/blocks\/readingTools\/icons\/citeArticle.png) [How to cite item]()\n\n![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/plugins\/blocks\/readingTools\/icons\/emailArticle.png) Email this article (Login required)\n\n![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/plugins\/blocks\/readingTools\/icons\/emailArticle.png) Email the author (Login required)\n\nJournal Content\n\nBrowse\n\n- [By Issue](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/issue\/archive)\n- [By Author](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search\/authors)\n- [By Title](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search\/titles)\n- [Other Journals](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/index)\n- [Categories](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/index\/search\/categories)\n\nFont Size\n\nInformation\n\n- [For Readers](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/information\/readers)\n- [For Authors](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/information\/authors)\n- [For Librarians](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/information\/librarians)\n\nKeywords [Antioxidant](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Antioxidant) [Bacillus cereus](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Bacillus%20cereus) [Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Carica%20pubescens%20Lenne%20%26%20K.%20Koch) [Cigar absorption](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Cigar%20absorption) [F. vulgare](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=F.%20vulgare) [Growth](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Growth) [In silico](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=In%20silico) [Indonesia](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Indonesia) [Odonata](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Odonata) [Porang](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Porang) [Seagrass](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Seagrass) [South Bangka Regency](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=South%20Bangka%20Regency) [Strombus turturella](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Strombus%20turturella) [Technical efficiency](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=Technical%20efficiency) [ZSM-5 Membrane](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=ZSM-5%20Membrane) [drought](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=drought) [in silico](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=in%20silico) [independence of rice farming system](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=independence%20of%20rice%20farming%20system) [plasmid profile](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=plasmid%20profile) [protein](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=protein) [two dimensional gel electrophoresis](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search?subject=two%20dimensional%20gel%20electrophoresis)\n\nISSN Barcodes  [![el-hayah issn](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/issn-barcode-electronic.png)](http:\/\/u.lipi.go.id\/1549510372)   [![el-hayah issn](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/issn-barcode-print.png)](http:\/\/u.lipi.go.id\/1255156969)\n\n[Journal Help]()\n\n- [Editorial Board](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/editorialTeam)\n- [Reviewers](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/displayMembership\/273)\n- [Focus & Scope](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/editorialPolicies#focusAndScope)\n- [Author Guidelines](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/submissions#authorGuidelines)\n- [Publication Ethics](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/editorialPolicies#custom-0)\n- [Online Submissions](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/submissions#onlineSubmissions)\n- [Author Index](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search\/authors)\n- [Author Fees](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/submissions#authorFees \"Author fees\")\n- [Indexing](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/pages\/view\/indexing)\n- [Publishing System](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/)\n\n[![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/sinta-s3.jpg)](https:\/\/sinta.kemdikbud.go.id\/journals\/detail?id=8278)\n\nNotifications\n\n- [View](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/notification)\n- [Subscribe](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/notification\/subscribeMailList)\n\nUser\n\nTemplate  [![el-hayah journal template](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/template-link.png)](https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/188u1p4hEt8lqNRREMfg1jhcEY0v6Edpc\/view?usp=sharing)\n\nTools  [![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/turnitin.png)](http:\/\/www.turnitin.com\/)   [![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/zotero.png)](http:\/\/www.zotero.org\/)   [![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/mendeley.png)](http:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/)   [![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/grammarly.png)](http:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/)\n\nVisitors [![Flag Counter](http:\/\/s01.flagcounter.com\/count\/Hp4G\/bg_FFFFFF\/txt_000000\/border_CCCCCC\/columns_2\/maxflags_20\/viewers_0\/labels_1\/pageviews_0\/flags_0\/percent_0\/)](http:\/\/info.flagcounter.com\/Hp4G)\n\n\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;div class=\"statcounter\"\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a title=\"shopify site analytics\" href=\"http:\/\/statcounter.com\/shopify\/\" target=\"\\_blank\"\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;img class=\"statcounter\" src=\"http:\/\/c.statcounter.com\/10451540\/0\/a72dfb6a\/0\/\" alt=\"shopify site analytics\"\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/a\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/div\\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n\n[View My Stats](http:\/\/statcounter.com\/p10451540\/?guest=1)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/index)\n- [About](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about)\n- [Login](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/login)\n- [Register](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/user\/register)\n- [Categories](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/index\/search\/categories)\n- [Search](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/search)\n- [Current](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/issue\/current)\n- [Archives](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/issue\/archive)\n- [Announcements](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/announcement)\n- [Sitemap](http:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/siteMap)\n- [OAI](http:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/oai)\n- [Contact](http:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/about\/contact)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/index) \\> [Vol 9, No 1 (2022)](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/issue\/view\/1004) \\> [Ahmad](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/article\/view\/18026\/0)\n\n### DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES\n*Mujahidin Ahmad*\n\n#### Abstract\nWhen the Covid19 pandemic occurred, Indonesia was the largest country in Southeast Asia with the most positive confirmed victims and the highest death rate. The consequences of the government's efforts to prevent the government from ordering vaccines reached 450 million doses for 187 million people in order to achieve individual immunity and herd immunity. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, the halal status of vaccines is very important. Of the six types of vaccines in Indonesia, namely; only the Sinovac vaccine received halal status, while other vaccines such as AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Sinofarm were ultimately still used for emergency reasons due to insufficient halal vaccines. In the future, Muslim countries need to continue to develop alternative technologies and materials to ensure that the vaccines given are halal. Use of cell lines to produce vaccines such as Vero (Monkey), MDCK (Dog), BHK21 (Hamster), HEK (Human), PER (Human). The medium used for cell growth (upstream process) also contains Human Blood (HuS), Horse Blood (HS), Cow Blood (FBS). Likewise, the use of Pig and Animal Trypsin that is not slaughtered in a halal way, as well as the use of stabilizers in vaccine formulations such as Human or bovine (cow) Serum, Porcine or Cow Gelatin, Ethanol are critical points for fatwa institutions such as not passing the halal category. The use of alternative materials in vaccine production such as insect cells, yeast, fungi, non-animal medium and vegetable stabilizers has the opportunity to replace mainstream materials. The independence of halal vaccine production provides an opportunity to increase national resilience.\n\n#### Keywords\nhalal, vaksin, alternative materials\n\n#### Full Text:\n[PDF](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/index.php\/bio\/article\/view\/18026\/pdf)\n\n#### References\nSholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\n\nArsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http:\/\/bircu-journal.com\/index.php\/birci\/article\/view\/2963\n\nMuhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36574\/jpp.v5i1\n\nSMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https:\/\/smeru.or.id\/en\/publication\/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy\n\nJaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http:\/\/p2p.kemkes.go.id\/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19\/\\#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang\n\nCovid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/id\/artikel\/2022\/11\/02\/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022\n\nWorldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/country\/indonesia\/\n\nUnicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/indonesia\/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022\n\nSetiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153.\n\nSyauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020.\n\nKhoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2019.1667206\n\nSholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\n\nKhoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/view\/5146%0Ahttp:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/download\/5146\/2702\n\nWorld Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/341455\n\nMUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero).\n\nMUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products.\n\nTempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https:\/\/en.tempo.co\/read\/1444250\/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims\n\nMardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fitd.2021.788188\n\nMaravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January.\n\nKemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107\/MENKES\/9860\/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/storage\/app\/media\/Regulasi\/2020\/Desember\/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf\n\nFarmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https:\/\/farmalkes.kemkes.go.id\/2022\/01\/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19\/\n\nTempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https:\/\/koran.tempo.co\/read\/berita-utama\/466336\/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara\n\nSigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/deepweb\/assets\/sigmaaldrich\/marketing\/global\/documents\/165\/693\/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf\n\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\n\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\n\nNedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18.\n\nAgency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http:\/\/www.ema. europa.eu\/docs\/en\\_GB\/document\\_library\/Scientific\\_guideline\/2013\/03\/ WC500139532.pdf\n\nQueensland Health. 2020. Medicines\/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/\\_\\_data\/assets\/pdf\\_file\/0024\/147507\/qh-gdl-954.pdf\n\nSyatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/assehr.k.220408086\n\nRosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045.\n\nMUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https:\/\/mui.or.id\/berita\/33569\/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui\/\n\nBestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https:\/\/www.cnbcindonesia.com\/tech\/20220707072724-37-353560\/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan\n\nKemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https:\/\/www.kemkes.go.id\/article\/view\/21091100002\/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html\n\nCNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https:\/\/www.cnnindonesia.com\/nasional\/20220426084355-20-789700\/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui\/2.\n\nAl-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr.\n\nAhmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.007\n\nCox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40.\n\nZulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2020.1865044\n\nLohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.083\n\nCoussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.122\n\nNacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https:\/\/www.nacalai.co.jp\/global\/reagent\/research\/ Accutase.html\n\n, R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-126328\n\nRakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/mojfpt.2018.06.00209\n\nDOI: <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18860\/elha.v9i1.18026>\n\n### Refbacks\n- There are currently no refbacks.\n\nCopyright (c) 2023 El-Hayah   \n  \n [![Creative Commons License](https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/88x31.png)](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/)  \nThis work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/).\n\n**INDEXING OF El-Hayah :**\n\n[![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/dimensions.png)](https:\/\/app.dimensions.ai\/discover\/publication?and_facet_source_title=jour.1154561)   [![El-Hayah on Google Scholar](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/01-googlescholar.png)](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=yHUCFzQAAAAJ)   [![El-Hayah on Crossref](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/53-crossref.png)](https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=el+hayah+journal&from_ui=yes)   [![MoraReff](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/moraref.png)](https:\/\/moraref.kemenag.go.id\/archives\/journal\/97406410605804294)   [![Garuda](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/51-garuda.png)](https:\/\/garuda.kemdikbud.go.id\/journal\/view\/5270)   [![Garuda](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/worldcat.png)](http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/hayah\/oclc\/844784072)   [![](https:\/\/ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id\/public\/site\/images\/ruri\/road.png)](http:\/\/road.issn.org\/issn\/2460-7207-jurnal-el-hayah-#.V-0whhKoDUg)\n\n\\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n**EDITORIAL OFFICE**  \n   \nProgram Study of Biology  \nFaculty of Science and Technology  \nState Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia  \nJl. Gajayana No. 50 Malang 65144  \nTelp.\/Fax: (+62 341) 558933  \ne-mail: elhayah@uin-malang.ac.id\n\n**E-ISSN** **[2657-0726](http:\/\/issn.pdii.lipi.go.id\/issn.cgi?daftar&1549510372&1&&)** \\| **P-ISSN** [**2086-0064**](http:\/\/issn.pdii.lipi.go.id\/issn.cgi?daftar&1255156969&1&&)\n\n\\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[![Creative Commons License](https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/88x31.png)](http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/)  \nThis work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/).","attrs_readable_markdown":"Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\n\nArsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http:\/\/bircu-journal.com\/index.php\/birci\/article\/view\/2963\n\nMuhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36574\/jpp.v5i1\n\nSMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https:\/\/smeru.or.id\/en\/publication\/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy\n\nJaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http:\/\/p2p.kemkes.go.id\/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19\/\\#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang\n\nCovid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/id\/artikel\/2022\/11\/02\/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022\n\nWorldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/country\/indonesia\/\n\nUnicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/indonesia\/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022\n\nSetiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153.\n\nSyauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 \/ Munas X \/ Mui \/ Xi \/ 2020.\n\nKhoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2019.1667206\n\nSholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22373\/sjhk.v5i1.9769\n\nKhoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/view\/5146%0Ahttp:\/\/ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id\/index.php\/almanahij\/article\/download\/5146\/2702\n\nWorld Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/341455\n\nMUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero).\n\nMUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products.\n\nTempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https:\/\/en.tempo.co\/read\/1444250\/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims\n\nMardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fitd.2021.788188\n\nMaravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January.\n\nKemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107\/MENKES\/9860\/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https:\/\/covid19.go.id\/storage\/app\/media\/Regulasi\/2020\/Desember\/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf\n\nFarmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https:\/\/farmalkes.kemkes.go.id\/2022\/01\/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19\/\n\nTempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https:\/\/koran.tempo.co\/read\/berita-utama\/466336\/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara\n\nSigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/deepweb\/assets\/sigmaaldrich\/marketing\/global\/documents\/165\/693\/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf\n\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\n\nJosefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24493\n\nNedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18.\n\nAgency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http:\/\/www.ema. europa.eu\/docs\/en\\_GB\/document\\_library\/Scientific\\_guideline\/2013\/03\/ WC500139532.pdf\n\nQueensland Health. 2020. Medicines\/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/\\_\\_data\/assets\/pdf\\_file\/0024\/147507\/qh-gdl-954.pdf\n\nSyatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/assehr.k.220408086\n\nRosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045.\n\nMUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https:\/\/mui.or.id\/berita\/33569\/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui\/\n\nBestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https:\/\/www.cnbcindonesia.com\/tech\/20220707072724-37-353560\/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan\n\nKemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https:\/\/www.kemkes.go.id\/article\/view\/21091100002\/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html\n\nCNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https:\/\/www.cnnindonesia.com\/nasional\/20220426084355-20-789700\/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui\/2.\n\nAl-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr.\n\nAhmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.007\n\nCox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40.\n\nZulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2020.1865044\n\nLohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.083\n\nCoussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.122\n\nNacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https:\/\/www.nacalai.co.jp\/global\/reagent\/research\/ Accutase.html\n\n, R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-126328\n\nRakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/mojfpt.2018.06.00209","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

1 month ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	1 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/18026
Last Crawled	2026-03-08 05:43:33 (1 month ago)
First Indexed	2023-04-06 21:22:18 (3 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES \| Ahmad \| El-Hayah:Jurnal Biologi
Meta Description	DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Arsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http://bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/2963 Muhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i1 SMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https://smeru.or.id/en/publication/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy Jaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http://p2p.kemkes.go.id/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19/#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang Covid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https://covid19.go.id/id/artikel/2022/11/02/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022 Worldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/indonesia/ Unicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022 Setiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153. Syauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020. Khoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1667206 Sholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Khoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/view/5146%0Ahttp://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/download/5146/2702 World Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341455 MUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero). MUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products. Tempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https://en.tempo.co/read/1444250/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims Mardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2021.788188 Maravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January. Kemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107/MENKES/9860/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Regulasi/2020/Desember/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf Farmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2022/01/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19/ Tempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https://koran.tempo.co/read/berita-utama/466336/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara Sigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/165/693/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Nedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18. Agency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http://www.ema. europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2013/03/ WC500139532.pdf Queensland Health. 2020. Medicines/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/147507/qh-gdl-954.pdf Syatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408086 Rosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045. MUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https://mui.or.id/berita/33569/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui/ Bestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20220707072724-37-353560/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan Kemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/21091100002/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html CNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220426084355-20-789700/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui/2. Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr. Ahmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007 Cox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40. Zulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1865044 Lohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.083 Coussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.122 Nacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https://www.nacalai.co.jp/global/reagent/research/ Accutase.html , R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126328 Rakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2018.06.00209
Markdown	# ![Page Header](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/journals/18/pageHeaderTitleImage_en_US.jpg) About The Author Mujahidin Ahmad <https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57188971882> (Scopus ID: 57188971882, Sinta ID: 6749330) Biology Study Program, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia Indonesia Biology Department UIN Malang Scopus ID: [57188971882](https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57188971882) Sinta ID: [6749330](https://sinta.ristekbrin.go.id/authors/detail?id=6749330&view=overview) Article Tools ![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/printArticle.png) [Print this article]() ![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/metadata.png) [Indexing metadata]() ![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/citeArticle.png) [How to cite item]() ![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/emailArticle.png) Email this article (Login required) ![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/emailArticle.png) Email the author (Login required) Journal Content Browse - [By Issue](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/issue/archive) - [By Author](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search/authors) - [By Title](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search/titles) - [Other Journals](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/index) - [Categories](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/index/search/categories) Font Size Information - [For Readers](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/information/readers) - [For Authors](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/information/authors) - [For Librarians](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/information/librarians) Keywords [Antioxidant](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Antioxidant) [Bacillus cereus](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Bacillus%20cereus) [Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Carica%20pubescens%20Lenne%20%26%20K.%20Koch) [Cigar absorption](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Cigar%20absorption) [F. vulgare](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=F.%20vulgare) [Growth](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Growth) [In silico](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=In%20silico) [Indonesia](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Indonesia) [Odonata](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Odonata) [Porang](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Porang) [Seagrass](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Seagrass) [South Bangka Regency](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=South%20Bangka%20Regency) [Strombus turturella](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Strombus%20turturella) [Technical efficiency](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=Technical%20efficiency) [ZSM-5 Membrane](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=ZSM-5%20Membrane) [drought](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=drought) [in silico](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=in%20silico) [independence of rice farming system](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=independence%20of%20rice%20farming%20system) [plasmid profile](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=plasmid%20profile) [protein](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=protein) [two dimensional gel electrophoresis](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search?subject=two%20dimensional%20gel%20electrophoresis) ISSN Barcodes [![el-hayah issn](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/issn-barcode-electronic.png)](http://u.lipi.go.id/1549510372) [![el-hayah issn](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/issn-barcode-print.png)](http://u.lipi.go.id/1255156969) [Journal Help]() - [Editorial Board](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/editorialTeam) - [Reviewers](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/displayMembership/273) - [Focus & Scope](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/editorialPolicies#focusAndScope) - [Author Guidelines](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/submissions#authorGuidelines) - [Publication Ethics](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0) - [Online Submissions](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions) - [Author Index](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search/authors) - [Author Fees](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/submissions#authorFees "Author fees") - [Indexing](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/pages/view/indexing) - [Publishing System](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/) [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/sinta-s3.jpg)](https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/detail?id=8278) Notifications - [View](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/notification) - [Subscribe](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/notification/subscribeMailList) User Template [![el-hayah journal template](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/template-link.png)](https://drive.google.com/file/d/188u1p4hEt8lqNRREMfg1jhcEY0v6Edpc/view?usp=sharing) Tools [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/turnitin.png)](http://www.turnitin.com/) [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/zotero.png)](http://www.zotero.org/) [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/mendeley.png)](http://www.mendeley.com/) [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/grammarly.png)](http://www.grammarly.com/) Visitors [![Flag Counter](http://s01.flagcounter.com/count/Hp4G/bg_FFFFFF/txt_000000/border_CCCCCC/columns_2/maxflags_20/viewers_0/labels_1/pageviews_0/flags_0/percent_0/)](http://info.flagcounter.com/Hp4G) \&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;div class="statcounter"\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a title="shopify site analytics" href="http://statcounter.com/shopify/" target="\_blank"\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;img class="statcounter" src="http://c.statcounter.com/10451540/0/a72dfb6a/0/" alt="shopify site analytics"\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/div\&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; [View My Stats](http://statcounter.com/p10451540/?guest=1) - [Home](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/index) - [About](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about) - [Login](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/login) - [Register](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/user/register) - [Categories](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/index/search/categories) - [Search](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/search) - [Current](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/issue/current) - [Archives](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/issue/archive) - [Announcements](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/announcement) - [Sitemap](http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/siteMap) - [OAI](http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/oai) - [Contact](http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/about/contact) [Home](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/index) \> [Vol 9, No 1 (2022)](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/issue/view/1004) \> [Ahmad](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/18026/0) ### DEVELOPING HALAL VACCINE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES Mujahidin Ahmad #### Abstract When the Covid19 pandemic occurred, Indonesia was the largest country in Southeast Asia with the most positive confirmed victims and the highest death rate. The consequences of the government's efforts to prevent the government from ordering vaccines reached 450 million doses for 187 million people in order to achieve individual immunity and herd immunity. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, the halal status of vaccines is very important. Of the six types of vaccines in Indonesia, namely; only the Sinovac vaccine received halal status, while other vaccines such as AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Sinofarm were ultimately still used for emergency reasons due to insufficient halal vaccines. In the future, Muslim countries need to continue to develop alternative technologies and materials to ensure that the vaccines given are halal. Use of cell lines to produce vaccines such as Vero (Monkey), MDCK (Dog), BHK21 (Hamster), HEK (Human), PER (Human). The medium used for cell growth (upstream process) also contains Human Blood (HuS), Horse Blood (HS), Cow Blood (FBS). Likewise, the use of Pig and Animal Trypsin that is not slaughtered in a halal way, as well as the use of stabilizers in vaccine formulations such as Human or bovine (cow) Serum, Porcine or Cow Gelatin, Ethanol are critical points for fatwa institutions such as not passing the halal category. The use of alternative materials in vaccine production such as insect cells, yeast, fungi, non-animal medium and vegetable stabilizers has the opportunity to replace mainstream materials. The independence of halal vaccine production provides an opportunity to increase national resilience. #### Keywords halal, vaksin, alternative materials #### Full Text: [PDF](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/18026/pdf) #### References Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Arsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http://bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/2963 Muhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i1 SMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https://smeru.or.id/en/publication/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy Jaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http://p2p.kemkes.go.id/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19/\#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang Covid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https://covid19.go.id/id/artikel/2022/11/02/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022 Worldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/indonesia/ Unicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022 Setiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153. Syauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020. Khoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1667206 Sholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Khoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/view/5146%0Ahttp://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/download/5146/2702 World Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341455 MUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero). MUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products. Tempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https://en.tempo.co/read/1444250/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims Mardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2021.788188 Maravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January. Kemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107/MENKES/9860/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Regulasi/2020/Desember/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf Farmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2022/01/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19/ Tempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https://koran.tempo.co/read/berita-utama/466336/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara Sigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/165/693/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Nedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18. Agency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http://www.ema. europa.eu/docs/en\_GB/document\_library/Scientific\_guideline/2013/03/ WC500139532.pdf Queensland Health. 2020. Medicines/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0024/147507/qh-gdl-954.pdf Syatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408086 Rosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045. MUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https://mui.or.id/berita/33569/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui/ Bestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20220707072724-37-353560/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan Kemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/21091100002/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html CNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220426084355-20-789700/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui/2. Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr. Ahmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007 Cox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40. Zulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1865044 Lohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.083 Coussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.122 Nacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https://www.nacalai.co.jp/global/reagent/research/ Accutase.html , R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126328 Rakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2018.06.00209 DOI: <https://doi.org/10.18860/elha.v9i1.18026> ### Refbacks - There are currently no refbacks. Copyright (c) 2023 El-Hayah [![Creative Commons License](https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). INDEXING OF El-Hayah : [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/dimensions.png)](https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_source_title=jour.1154561) [![El-Hayah on Google Scholar](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/01-googlescholar.png)](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yHUCFzQAAAAJ) [![El-Hayah on Crossref](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/53-crossref.png)](https://search.crossref.org/?q=el+hayah+journal&from_ui=yes) [![MoraReff](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/moraref.png)](https://moraref.kemenag.go.id/archives/journal/97406410605804294) [![Garuda](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/51-garuda.png)](https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/5270) [![Garuda](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/worldcat.png)](http://www.worldcat.org/title/hayah/oclc/844784072) [![](https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/public/site/images/ruri/road.png)](http://road.issn.org/issn/2460-7207-jurnal-el-hayah-#.V-0whhKoDUg) \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EDITORIAL OFFICE Program Study of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia Jl. Gajayana No. 50 Malang 65144 Telp./Fax: (+62 341) 558933 e-mail: elhayah@uin-malang.ac.id E-ISSN [2657-0726](http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1549510372&1&&) \\| P-ISSN [2086-0064](http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1255156969&1&&) \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [![Creative Commons License](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
Readable Markdown	Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Arsyad, A. W., Boer, K. M., & Noor, M. (2021). Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia and the Truth of the Digital Society. Budapest International Research …, 99, 9459–9472. http://bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/2963 Muhyidin & Nugroho, H. (2021). Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development Indonesia Development Update A Year of Covid-19 : A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia ’ s Development. V(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i1 SMERU. (2022). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia. 2022 The SMERU Research Institute https://smeru.or.id/en/publication/analysis-social-and-economic-impacts-covid-19-households-and-strategic-policy Jaya, I. 2022. Penguatan Sistem Kesehatan dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. http://p2p.kemkes.go.id/penguatan-sistem-kesehatan-dalam-pengendalian-covid-19/\#:~:text=Penyakit%20ini%20disebabkan%20oleh%20koronavirus,dari%20seorang%20warga%20negara%20Jepang Covid-19.go.id. 2022. Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Update per 2 November 2022). https://covid19.go.id/id/artikel/2022/11/02/situasi-covid-19-di-indonesia-update-2-november-2022 Worldmetersinfo. 2022. Total Coronavirus Cases in Indonesia. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/indonesia/ Unicef. 2022. UNICEF Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report: July - September 2022 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/unicef-indonesia-covid-19-situation-report-july-september-2022 Setiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Indonesia’s Global Health Diplomacy in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 3(2), 133–153. Syauqibik, A. (2022). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020 Tentang Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Untuk Bahan Oleh : Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor : 001 / Munas X / Mui / Xi / 2020. Khoo, YSK, Ghani, AA, Navamukundan, AA, Jahis, R., & Gamil, A. (2020). Unique product quality considerations in vaccine development, registration and new program implementation in Malaysia. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(3), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1667206 Sholeh, MAN, & Helmi, MI (2021). The COVID-19 vaccination: Realization on halal vaccines for benefits. Samarah, 5(1), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769 Khoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). MUI Legal Fatwa on Vaccine Halalness in COVID-19 Vaccination Socialization in Medan City, Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum http://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/view/5146%0Ahttp://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/download/5146/2702 World Health Organization. 2021. Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-Coronavac Against COVID-19. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341455 MUI. 2021a. Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 02 of 2021 concerning Covid-19 Vaccine Products from Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China And Pt. Bio Farma (Persero). MUI. 2021b. MUI Fatwa No. 14 of 2021 concerning the Law on the Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine for Astra Zeneca Products. Tempo. 2021. AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine Does Not Contain Pork, Producer Claims. https://en.tempo.co/read/1444250/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-contain-pork-producer-claims Mardian, Y., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M., & Lau, C.-Y. (2021). Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2(December), 1–8.https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2021.788188 Maravia, U. (2020). Vaccines: Religio-cultural arguments from an Islamic perspective Mufti Usman Maravia, ESRC Center for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) Bailrigg House, Lancaster University. January. Kemenkes 2020. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No HK.0107/MENKES/9860/2020 Tentang penetapan Jenis Vaksin untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Regulasi/2020/Desember/KMK%209860%20Tahun%202020-salinan.pdf Farmalkes. 2022. Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2022/01/dukungan-penyediaan-vaksin-bagi-keberhasilan-pelaksanaan-vaksinasi-covid-19/ Tempo. 2022. Beda Negara Beda Harga. https://koran.tempo.co/read/berita-utama/466336/perbandingan-harga-vaksin-di-berbagai-negara Sigma (2021). Vaccine Bioprocessing Handbook. 3–25.https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/165/693/vaccine-handbook-process-br5237en-mk.pdf Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Josefsberg, J. O., & Buckland, B. (2012). Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109(6), 1443–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24493 Nedjai, R. & Ouinez, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing in Islamic Perspectives. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2(22), 1–18. Agency EM. Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture ofHuman Biological Medicinal Products (2013). Available at: http://www.ema. europa.eu/docs/en\_GB/document\_library/Scientific\_guideline/2013/03/ WC500139532.pdf Queensland Health. 2020. Medicines/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. An electronic version:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0024/147507/qh-gdl-954.pdf Syatar, A., Mundzir, C., & Amiruddin, MM (2022). Religious Moderation Values in The COVID-19 Vaccine Phenomenon in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021), 660(Asbam 2021), 619–622.https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408086 Rosman, AS, Khan, A., Fadzillah, NA, Basit, A., Darawi, S., Hehsan, A., Hassan, AM, Al, M., & Haron, Z. (2020). Fatwa Debate On Porcine Derivatives In Vaccine From The Concept Of Physical And Chemical Transformation ( Istihalah ) In Islamic Jurisprudence And Science. 7(7), 1037–1045. MUI. 2022. Bolehkah Divaksinasi dengan Vaksin Non-Halal? Ini Penjelasan MUI https://mui.or.id/berita/33569/bolehkah-divaksinasi-dengan-vaksin-non-halal-ini-penjelasan-mui/ Bestari NP. 2022. Ini Daftar 5 Vaksin Covid-19 yang Haram, Tapi Aman Digunakan. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20220707072724-37-353560/ini-daftar-5-vaksin-covid-19-yang-haram-tapi-aman-digunakan Kemkes. 2021. Vaksin Johnson & Johnson Tiba di Indonesia https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/21091100002/vaksin-johnson-johnson-tiba-di-indonesia.html CNN Indonesia. 2022. Daftar Vaksin Covid-19 yang Dicap Halal oleh MUI di masa Darurat : https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220426084355-20-789700/daftar-vaksin-covid-19-yang-dicap-halal-oleh-mui/2. Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah (1989). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu. Cet. ke-3. Jilid 3. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr. Ahmed, A., Lee, K. S., Bukhsh, A., Al-worafi, Y. M., Sarker, M. R., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2018). Journal of Infection and Public Health Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries. 11, 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007 Cox, MMJ and Anderson DK. 2007. Production of a novel influenza vaccine using insect cells: protection against drifted strains. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 1(1):35–40. Zulkarnain, NN, Anuar, N., Abd. Rahman, N., Sheikh Abdullah, SR, Alias, MN, Yaacob, M., Ma, Z., & Ding, G. (2021). Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(7), 2158–2168.https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1865044 Lohr, V., Rath, A., Genzel, Y., Jordan, I., Sandig, V., & Reichl, U. (2009). New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media : Studies on growth , metabolism and virus propagation. 27, 4975–4982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.083 Coussens, P. M., Smith, K. A., Weber, P. S. D., & Colvin, C. J. (2011). Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production. 29, 8661–8668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.122 Nacalai Tesque. Cell dissociation reagents. https://www.nacalai.co.jp/global/reagent/research/ Accutase.html , R., Matinfar, A., Dezfulian, M., & Pourbabaei, A. (2022). Replacement of Trypsin by Proteases for Medical Applications. 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126328 Rakhmanova, A., Khan, Z. A., Sharif, R., & Lü, X. (2019). Meeting the requirements of halal gelatin : A mini review. February. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2018.06.00209
Shard	76 (laksa)
Root Hash	5143950810486072076
Unparsed URL	id,ac,uin-malang!ejournal,/index.php/bio/article/view/18026 s443