🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 92 (from laksa056)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa092.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections.html\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections.html\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections.html","crawl_time":1769709436,"first_indexed_time":1522547388,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"edu,richmond!dsl,\/voting\/preselections.html s443","src_root_hash":"9918837193074386092","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008\n1840-1880\n|\n1884-1924\n|\n1928-1968\n|\n1972-2008\nMaps that show which party won each state in any given presidential election are ubiquitous in American history textbooks. They can be powerful visualizations, showing some broad regional patterns in voting. Yet by reducing tens of thousands or even many millions of votes in each state to a single value they wash away much of the complexity of the spatial patterns in American voting. To reveal and examine that complexity, in\nVoting America\nwe present a number of additional maps that present a more nuanced, granular, and subtle picture--or rather pictures--of the ways American voters have cast their ballots in US presidential elections during the past two centuries.\nPresidential Election, 2008\nBarack Obama (Democrat) defeated John McCain (Republican), winning 365 electoral votes and 52.9% of the popular vote.\nPresidential Election, 2004\nGeorge W. Bush (Republican) defeated John Kerry (Democrat), winning 286 electoral votes and 50.7% of the popular vote.\nPresidential Election, 2000\nGeorge W. Bush (Republican) defeated Al Gore (Democrat).  Although Gore won the popular vote, Bush won the Electoral College after a contentious fight, marked by recounts in Florida.\nPresidential Election, 1992\nBill Clinton (Democrat) defeated George H. W. Bush (Republican) and Ross Perot (Independent). Perot drew more votes than any other third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt's campaign in 1912.\nPresidential Election, 1988\nGeorge H. W. Bush (Republican) defeated Michael Dukakis (Democrat), winning 53 percent of the popular vote.\nPresidential Election, 1984\nRonald Reagan (Republican) defeated Walter Mondale (Democrat).  Reagan won 58 percent of the popular vote, and carried every state except Minnesota in the Electoral College.\nPresidential Election, 1972\nRichard Nixon (Republican) defeated George McGovern (Democrat). Nixon won reelection with 60 percent of the vote, only to resign the presidency in 1974 over the Watergate controversy.\n1840-1880\n|\n1884-1924\n|\n1928-1968\n|\n1972-2008","attrs_markdown":"# [Voting America](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/index.html)\n## United States Politics, 1840 - 2008\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/index.html \"Home\")\n  - [About](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/aboutproject.html \"About\")\n  - [DSL Home](http:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/ \"DSL Home\")\n- [Maps](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/maps.html \"Maps\")\n  - [Presidential Elections](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/elections.html \"Elections\")\n  - [Congressional Elections](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/congressional_elections.html \"Congressional Elections\")\n  - [Individual Elections](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections.html \"Presidential Elections\")\n  - [Population Maps](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/population.html \"Population Maps\")\n- [Scholars Corner](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/scholars.html \"Scholars Corner\")\n\n- [Presidential Elections](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections.html)\n- [Congressional Elections](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/congressional.html)\n#### Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008\n***\n#### [1840-1880](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections4.html) \\| [1884-1924](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections3.html) \\| [1928-1968](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections2.html) \\| **1972-2008**\nMaps that show which party won each state in any given presidential election are ubiquitous in American history textbooks. They can be powerful visualizations, showing some broad regional patterns in voting. Yet by reducing tens of thousands or even many millions of votes in each state to a single value they wash away much of the complexity of the spatial patterns in American voting. To reveal and examine that complexity, in *Voting America* we present a number of additional maps that present a more nuanced, granular, and subtle picture--or rather pictures--of the ways American voters have cast their ballots in US presidential elections during the past two centuries.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-2008.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2008)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 2008](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2008)\nBarack Obama (Democrat) defeated John McCain (Republican), winning 365 electoral votes and 52.9% of the popular vote.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-2004.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2004)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 2004](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2004)\nGeorge W. Bush (Republican) defeated John Kerry (Democrat), winning 286 electoral votes and 50.7% of the popular vote.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-2000.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2000)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 2000](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=2000)\nGeorge W. Bush (Republican) defeated Al Gore (Democrat). Although Gore won the popular vote, Bush won the Electoral College after a contentious fight, marked by recounts in Florida.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1996.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1996)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1996](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1996)\nBill Clinton (Democrat) defeated Bob Dole (Republican) and Ross Perot (Reform).\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1992.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1992)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1992](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1992)\nBill Clinton (Democrat) defeated George H. W. Bush (Republican) and Ross Perot (Independent). Perot drew more votes than any other third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt's campaign in 1912.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1988.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1988)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1988](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1988)\nGeorge H. W. Bush (Republican) defeated Michael Dukakis (Democrat), winning 53 percent of the popular vote.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1984.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1984)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1984](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1984)\nRonald Reagan (Republican) defeated Walter Mondale (Democrat). Reagan won 58 percent of the popular vote, and carried every state except Minnesota in the Electoral College.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1980.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1980)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1980](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1980)\nRonald Reagan (Republican) defeated Jimmy Carter (Democrat), winning 50.7 percent of the popular vote.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1976.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1976)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1976](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1976)\nJimmy Carter (Democrat) defeated Gerald Ford (Republican), winning 50.1 percent of the popular vote.\n\n[![\\#](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/jpeg\/preselection\/State-Level-1972.jpg)](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1972)\n\n### [Presidential Election, 1972](http:\/\/americanpast.richmond.edu\/voting\/indelections.php?year=1972)\nRichard Nixon (Republican) defeated George McGovern (Democrat). Nixon won reelection with 60 percent of the vote, only to resign the presidency in 1974 over the Watergate controversy.\n#### [1840-1880](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections4.html) \\| [1884-1924](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections3.html) \\| [1928-1968](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/preselections2.html) \\| **1972-2008**\n\n[© Digital Scholarship Lab,](http:\/\/www.dsl.richmond.edu\/) [University of Richmond, 2010](http:\/\/www.richmond.edu\/) \\| [Contact Us](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/aboutproject.html)  [![](https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/voting\/images\/shield_logo.png)](http:\/\/www.richmond.edu\/)","attrs_readable_markdown":null,"meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

2 months ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	2.4 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections.html
Last Crawled	2026-01-29 17:57:16 (2 months ago)
First Indexed	2018-04-01 01:49:48 (8 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008
Meta Description	null
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008 1840-1880 \| 1884-1924 \| 1928-1968 \| 1972-2008 Maps that show which party won each state in any given presidential election are ubiquitous in American history textbooks. They can be powerful visualizations, showing some broad regional patterns in voting. Yet by reducing tens of thousands or even many millions of votes in each state to a single value they wash away much of the complexity of the spatial patterns in American voting. To reveal and examine that complexity, in Voting America we present a number of additional maps that present a more nuanced, granular, and subtle picture--or rather pictures--of the ways American voters have cast their ballots in US presidential elections during the past two centuries. Presidential Election, 2008 Barack Obama (Democrat) defeated John McCain (Republican), winning 365 electoral votes and 52.9% of the popular vote. Presidential Election, 2004 George W. Bush (Republican) defeated John Kerry (Democrat), winning 286 electoral votes and 50.7% of the popular vote. Presidential Election, 2000 George W. Bush (Republican) defeated Al Gore (Democrat). Although Gore won the popular vote, Bush won the Electoral College after a contentious fight, marked by recounts in Florida. Presidential Election, 1992 Bill Clinton (Democrat) defeated George H. W. Bush (Republican) and Ross Perot (Independent). Perot drew more votes than any other third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt's campaign in 1912. Presidential Election, 1988 George H. W. Bush (Republican) defeated Michael Dukakis (Democrat), winning 53 percent of the popular vote. Presidential Election, 1984 Ronald Reagan (Republican) defeated Walter Mondale (Democrat). Reagan won 58 percent of the popular vote, and carried every state except Minnesota in the Electoral College. Presidential Election, 1972 Richard Nixon (Republican) defeated George McGovern (Democrat). Nixon won reelection with 60 percent of the vote, only to resign the presidency in 1974 over the Watergate controversy. 1840-1880 \| 1884-1924 \| 1928-1968 \| 1972-2008
Markdown	# [Voting America](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/index.html) ## United States Politics, 1840 - 2008 - [Home](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/index.html "Home") - [About](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/aboutproject.html "About") - [DSL Home](http://dsl.richmond.edu/ "DSL Home") - [Maps](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/maps.html "Maps") - [Presidential Elections](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/elections.html "Elections") - [Congressional Elections](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/congressional_elections.html "Congressional Elections") - [Individual Elections](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections.html "Presidential Elections") - [Population Maps](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/population.html "Population Maps") - [Scholars Corner](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/scholars.html "Scholars Corner") - [Presidential Elections](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections.html) - [Congressional Elections](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/congressional.html) #### Presidential Elections 1972 - 2008 * #### [1840-1880](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections4.html) \\| [1884-1924](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections3.html) \\| [1928-1968](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections2.html) \\| 1972-2008** Maps that show which party won each state in any given presidential election are ubiquitous in American history textbooks. They can be powerful visualizations, showing some broad regional patterns in voting. Yet by reducing tens of thousands or even many millions of votes in each state to a single value they wash away much of the complexity of the spatial patterns in American voting. To reveal and examine that complexity, in Voting America we present a number of additional maps that present a more nuanced, granular, and subtle picture--or rather pictures--of the ways American voters have cast their ballots in US presidential elections during the past two centuries. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-2008.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2008) ### [Presidential Election, 2008](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2008) Barack Obama (Democrat) defeated John McCain (Republican), winning 365 electoral votes and 52.9% of the popular vote. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-2004.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2004) ### [Presidential Election, 2004](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2004) George W. Bush (Republican) defeated John Kerry (Democrat), winning 286 electoral votes and 50.7% of the popular vote. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-2000.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2000) ### [Presidential Election, 2000](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=2000) George W. Bush (Republican) defeated Al Gore (Democrat). Although Gore won the popular vote, Bush won the Electoral College after a contentious fight, marked by recounts in Florida. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1996.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1996) ### [Presidential Election, 1996](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1996) Bill Clinton (Democrat) defeated Bob Dole (Republican) and Ross Perot (Reform). [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1992.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1992) ### [Presidential Election, 1992](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1992) Bill Clinton (Democrat) defeated George H. W. Bush (Republican) and Ross Perot (Independent). Perot drew more votes than any other third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt's campaign in 1912. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1988.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1988) ### [Presidential Election, 1988](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1988) George H. W. Bush (Republican) defeated Michael Dukakis (Democrat), winning 53 percent of the popular vote. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1984.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1984) ### [Presidential Election, 1984](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1984) Ronald Reagan (Republican) defeated Walter Mondale (Democrat). Reagan won 58 percent of the popular vote, and carried every state except Minnesota in the Electoral College. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1980.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1980) ### [Presidential Election, 1980](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1980) Ronald Reagan (Republican) defeated Jimmy Carter (Democrat), winning 50.7 percent of the popular vote. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1976.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1976) ### [Presidential Election, 1976](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1976) Jimmy Carter (Democrat) defeated Gerald Ford (Republican), winning 50.1 percent of the popular vote. [![\#](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/jpeg/preselection/State-Level-1972.jpg)](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1972) ### [Presidential Election, 1972](http://americanpast.richmond.edu/voting/indelections.php?year=1972) Richard Nixon (Republican) defeated George McGovern (Democrat). Nixon won reelection with 60 percent of the vote, only to resign the presidency in 1974 over the Watergate controversy. #### [1840-1880](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections4.html) \\| [1884-1924](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections3.html) \\| [1928-1968](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/preselections2.html) \\| 1972-2008 [© Digital Scholarship Lab,](http://www.dsl.richmond.edu/) [University of Richmond, 2010](http://www.richmond.edu/) \\| [Contact Us](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/aboutproject.html) [![](https://dsl.richmond.edu/voting/images/shield_logo.png)](http://www.richmond.edu/)
Readable Markdown	null
Shard	92 (laksa)
Root Hash	9918837193074386092
Unparsed URL	edu,richmond!dsl,/voting/preselections.html s443