🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 127 (from laksa139)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa127.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://developer.android.com/tools\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://developer.android.com/tools\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools","crawl_time":1774990064,"first_indexed_time":1412369600,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,android!developer,\/tools s443","src_root_hash":"18420266955115890527","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Command-line tools | Android Studio | Android Developers","meta_descriptions":["Find out about the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Command-line tools\nStay organized with collections\nSave and categorize content based on your preferences.\nOn this page\nSet environment variables\nAndroid SDK Command-Line Tools\nAndroid SDK Build Tools\nAndroid SDK Platform Tools\nAndroid Emulator\nJetifier\nThe Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development.\nThis page lists the most important command-line tools that are\navailable, organized by the packages in which they're delivered.\nYou can install and update each package using\nAndroid Studio's\nSDK Manager\nor the\nsdkmanager\ncommand-line tool.\nAll of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which\nyou can locate as follows:\nIn Android Studio, click\nFile > Project Structure\n.\nSelect\nSDK Location\nin the left pane.\n  The path is shown under\nAndroid SDK location\n.\nSet environment variables\nWe recommend setting the environment variable for\nANDROID_HOME\nwhen using\nthe command line. Also, set your command search path to include\nANDROID_HOME\/tools\n,\nANDROID_HOME\/tools\/bin\n, and\nANDROID_HOME\/platform-tools\nto find the most common tools. The steps\nvary depending on your OS, but read\nHow to set environment variables\nfor general guidance.\nLocated in:\nandroid_sdk\n\/cmdline-tools\/\nversion\n\/bin\/\nNote: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in\ncmdline-tools\n, replaces the SDK Tools package, located in\ntools\n. With\n  the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install,\n  and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the\n  latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the\n  command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information\n  about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the\nSDK Tools release notes\n.\nIf you are not using Android Studio, you can\ndownload the command-line tools package\n.\napkanalyzer\nProvides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes.\navdmanager\nLets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs)\n    from the command line.\nlint\nScans code to help you identify and correct problems\n    with the structural quality of your code.\nretrace\nFor applications compiled by R8,\nretrace\ndecodes an obfuscated stack trace that\n      maps back to your original source code.\nsdkmanager\nLets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK\nAndroid SDK Build Tools\nLocated in:\nandroid_sdk\n\/build-tools\/\nversion\n\/\nSee\nSDK Build Tools release notes\nfor more\ninformation.\nThis package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are\ninvoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following\ncommand-line tools might be useful:\nAAPT2\nParses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that\n      is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources\n      into a single output.\napksigner\nSigns APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified\n    successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports.\nzipalign\nOptimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with\n    a particular alignment relative to the start of the file.\nNote:\nYou can have multiple versions of the build tools\nto build your app for different Android versions.\nAndroid SDK Platform Tools\nLocated in:\nandroid_sdk\n\/platform-tools\/\nSee\nSDK Platform Tools release notes\nfor more\ninformation.\nThese tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features\nand fix or improve the tools, and each update\nis backward compatible with earlier platform versions.\nIn addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools\nhere\n.\nadb\nAndroid Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an\n    emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a\n    device.\netc1tool\nA command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1\n    compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG.\nfastboot\nFlashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions,\n    see\nFactory Images for Nexus and\n    Pixel Devices\n.\nlogcat\nInvoked by adb to view app and system logs.\nAndroid Emulator\nLocated in:\nandroid_sdk\n\/emulator\/\nSee\nAndroid Emulator release notes\nfor more\ninformation.\nThis package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following:\nemulator\nA QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test\n        your applications in an actual Android run-time environment.\nmksdcard\nHelps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator\n    to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card.\nNote:\nPrior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the\nSDK Tools package.\nJetifier\nJetifier\nreads a library that uses\nSupport Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer\nAndroidX classes.\nNo recommendations at this time.\nTry\nsigning in\nto your Google account.\nContent and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the\nContent License\n. Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and\/or its affiliates.\nLast updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\n[[[\"Easy to understand\",\"easyToUnderstand\",\"thumb-up\"],[\"Solved my problem\",\"solvedMyProblem\",\"thumb-up\"],[\"Other\",\"otherUp\",\"thumb-up\"]],[[\"Missing the information I need\",\"missingTheInformationINeed\",\"thumb-down\"],[\"Too complicated \/ too many steps\",\"tooComplicatedTooManySteps\",\"thumb-down\"],[\"Out of date\",\"outOfDate\",\"thumb-down\"],[\"Samples \/ code issue\",\"samplesCodeIssue\",\"thumb-down\"],[\"Other\",\"otherDown\",\"thumb-down\"]],[\"Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\"],[],[]]","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#main-content)\n\n[![Android Developers](https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/devrel-devsite\/prod\/vb4124e0eb36966d1f5cf3a7ca116e70a424f5334bce4dd1449f7f3a599cf8e09\/android\/images\/lockup.png)](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/)\n\nMore\n\n[Essentials](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started)\n\n- Build AI experiences\n- Build AI-powered Android apps with Gemini APIs and more.\n- [Get started](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/ai)\n\n- Get started\n- Start by creating your first app. Go deeper with our training courses or explore app development on your own.\n- [Hello world](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started\/overview)\n- [Training courses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/courses)\n- [Tutorials](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started\/codelabs)\n- [Compose for teams](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui\/compose\/adopt)\n- [Kotlin for Android](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/kotlin)\n- [Monetization with Play ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/guides\/play-commerce\/)\n- [Android Developer Verification](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/developer-verification)\n\n- Extend by device\n- Build apps that give your users seamless experiences from phones to tablets, watches, headsets, and more.\n- [Adaptive apps](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/adaptive-apps)\n- [Android XR](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/xr)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/wear)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/cars)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tv)\n- [ChromeOS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/chrome-os)\n\n- Build by category\n- Learn to build for your use case by following Google's prescriptive and opinionated guidance.\n- [Games](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games)\n- [Camera & media](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/media)\n- [Social & messaging](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/social-and-messaging)\n- [Health & fitness](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/health-and-fitness)\n- [Productivity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/productivity)\n- [Enterprise apps](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/work\/overview)\n\n- Get the latest\n- Stay in touch with the latest releases throughout the year, join our preview programs, and give us your feedback.\n- [Latest updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/latest-updates)\n- [Experimental updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/latest-updates\/experimental)\n- [Android Studio preview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/preview)\n- [Jetpack & Compose libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/versions)\n- [Wear OS releases](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/wearables\/versions\/latest)\n- [Privacy Sandbox ↗️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design-for-safety\/privacy-sandbox)\n\n[Design & Plan](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design)\n\n- Excellent Experiences\n- Build the best experiences for your best users.\n- [Learn more](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/excellent)\n\n- UI Design\n- Design a beautiful user interface using Android best practices.\n- [Design for Android](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui)\n- [Mobile](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/mobile)\n- [Desktop experiences](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/desktop)\n- [XR Headsets & XR Glasses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/xr)\n- [AI Glasses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/ai-glasses)\n- [Widgets](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/widget)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/wear)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/tv)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/cars)\n\n- Architecture\n- Design robust, testable, and maintainable app logic and services.\n- [Introduction](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/architecture\/intro)\n- [Libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/libraries\/view-binding)\n- [Navigation](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/navigation\/navigation-principles)\n- [Modularization](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/modularization)\n- [Testing](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/fundamentals)\n- [Kotlin Multiplatform](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/kotlin\/multiplatform)\n\n- Quality\n- Plan for app quality and align with Play store guidelines.\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality)\n- [Core value](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/core-value)\n- [User experience](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/user-experience)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/ui\/accessibility)\n- [Technical quality](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/technical)\n- [Excellent Experiences](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/excellent)\n\n- Security\n- Safeguard users against threats and ensure a secure Android experience.\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/security)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/privacy)\n- [Permissions](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/privacy#app-permissions)\n- [Identity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/identity)\n- [Fraud prevention](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/security\/fraud-prevention)\n\n[Develop](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop)\n\n- Gemini in Android Studio\n- Your AI development companion for Android development.\n- [Learn more](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/gemini-in-android)\n- [Get Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n\n- Core areas\n- Get the samples and docs for the features you need.\n- [Samples](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/samples)\n- [User interfaces](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui)\n- [Background work](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/background-work)\n- [Data and files](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/data)\n- [Connectivity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/connectivity)\n- [All core areas ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop#core-areas)\n\n- Tools and workflow\n- Use the IDE to write and build your app, or create your own pipeline.\n- [Write and debug code](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/write)\n- [Build projects](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/build\/gradle-build-overview)\n- [Test your app](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing)\n- [Performance](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/performance\/overview)\n- [Command-line tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- [Gradle plugin API](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/tools\/gradle-api)\n- [Android Bench](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/bench)\n\n- Device tech\n- Write code for form factors. Connect devices and share data.\n- [Adaptive UI](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/large-screens\/get-started-with-large-screens)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/wearables)\n- [Android XR](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/xr)\n- [Android Health](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/health-and-fitness\/guides)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/cars)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/tv)\n- [All devices ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop#devices)\n\n- Libraries\n- Browse API reference documentation with all the details.\n- [Android platform](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/packages)\n- [Jetpack libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/explorer)\n- [Compose libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/releases\/compose)\n- [Google Play services ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/reference\/packages)\n- [Google Play SDK index ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/sdks)\n\n[Google Play](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n\n- Play Console\n- Publish your app or game and grow your business on Google Play.\n- [Go to Play Console](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console)\n- [Learn more ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/)\n\n- Fundamentals\n- Learn how to engage users, monitize, and secure your app.\n- [Play Monetization](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/play-billing)\n- [Play Integrity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/google\/play\/integrity)\n- [Play Policies](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/play-policies)\n- [Play Programs ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/programs)\n\n- Games Dev Center\n- Develop and deliver games. Get tools, downloads, and samples.\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games)\n- [Play Asset Delivery](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/asset-delivery)\n- [Play Games Services](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games\/pgs\/overview)\n- [Play Games on PC](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games\/playgames\/overview)\n- [All Play guides ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n\n- Libraries\n- Browse API reference documentation with all the details.\n- [Play Feature Delivery](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/feature-delivery)\n- [Play In-app Updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/in-app-updates)\n- [Play In-app Reviews](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/in-app-review)\n- [Play Install Referrer](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/google\/play\/installreferrer)\n- [Google Play services ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/reference\/packages)\n- [Google Play SDK index ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/sdks)\n- [All Play libraries ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n\n- Tools & resources\n- Tools for publishing, promoting, and managing your app.\n- [Android App Bundles](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/app-bundle)\n- [Brand & marketing](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/marketing-tools)\n- [Play Console APIs ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android-publisher\/api-ref\/rest)\n\n[Community](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/community)\n\n- [English](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=de)\n- [Español – América Latina](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=es-419)\n- [Français](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=fr)\n- [Indonesia](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=id)\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=it)\n- [Polski](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=pl)\n- [Português – Brasil](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=pt-br)\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=vi)\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=tr)\n- [Русский](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ru)\n- [עברית](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=he)\n- [العربيّة](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ar)\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=fa)\n- [हिंदी](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=hi)\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=bn)\n- [ภาษาไทย](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=th)\n- [中文 – 简体](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=zh-cn)\n- [中文 – 繁體](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=zh-tw)\n- [日本語](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ja)\n- [한국어](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ko)\n\n[Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/_d\/signin?continue=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Ftools&prompt=select_account)\n\n- [Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n\n[Download](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n\n[IDE guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/intro)\n\n[Gemini in Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/gemini-in-android)\n\n[Android Studio preview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/preview)\n\n[SDK tools guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n\nMore\n\n[Gradle build guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/build\/gradle-build-overview)\n\n[![Android Developers](https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/devrel-devsite\/prod\/vb4124e0eb36966d1f5cf3a7ca116e70a424f5334bce4dd1449f7f3a599cf8e09\/android\/images\/lockup.png)](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/)\n\n- [Essentials](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started)\n  - More\n- [Design & Plan](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design)\n  - More\n- [Develop](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop)\n  - More\n  - [Download](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n  - [IDE guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/intro)\n  - [Gemini in Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/gemini-in-android)\n  - [Android Studio preview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/preview)\n  - [Gradle build guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/build\/gradle-build-overview)\n  - [SDK tools guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- [Google Play](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n  - More\n- [Community](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/community)\n- [Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n\n- What's new in SDK Tools\n  \n  - [SDK build tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/releases\/build-tools)\n  - [SDK command line tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/releases\/cmdline-tools)\n  - [SDK platform release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/releases\/platforms)\n  - [SDK platform tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/releases\/platform-tools)\n- Command line tools\n  \n  - [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n  - [aapt2](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/aapt2)\n  - [adb](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/adb)\n  - [apkanalyzer](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/apkanalyzer)\n  - [apksigner](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/apksigner)\n  - [avdmanager](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/avdmanager)\n  - [bmgr](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/bmgr)\n  - [bundletool](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/bundletool)\n  - [d8](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/d8)\n  - [dmtracedump](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/dmtracedump)\n  - [dumpsys](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/dumpsys)\n  - [etc1tool](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/etc1tool)\n  - [jetifier-standalone](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/jetifier)\n  - [logcat](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/logcat)\n  - [mksdcard](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/mksdcard)\n  - [retrace](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/retrace)\n  - [sdkmanager](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/sdkmanager)\n  - [sqlite3](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/sqlite3)\n  - [systrace ⍈](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/performance\/tracing\/command-line)\n  - [perfetto](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/perfetto)\n  - [zipalign](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/zipalign)\n  - [Environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools\/variables)\n\n- Build AI experiences\n- [Get started](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/ai)\n- Get started\n- [Hello world](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started\/overview)\n- [Training courses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/courses)\n- [Tutorials](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/get-started\/codelabs)\n- [Compose for teams](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui\/compose\/adopt)\n- [Kotlin for Android](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/kotlin)\n- [Monetization with Play ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/guides\/play-commerce\/)\n- [Android Developer Verification](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/developer-verification)\n- Extend by device\n- [Adaptive apps](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/adaptive-apps)\n- [Android XR](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/xr)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/wear)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/cars)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tv)\n- [ChromeOS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/chrome-os)\n- Build by category\n- [Games](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games)\n- [Camera & media](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/media)\n- [Social & messaging](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/social-and-messaging)\n- [Health & fitness](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/health-and-fitness)\n- [Productivity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/productivity)\n- [Enterprise apps](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/work\/overview)\n- Get the latest\n- [Latest updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/latest-updates)\n- [Experimental updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/latest-updates\/experimental)\n- [Android Studio preview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/preview)\n- [Jetpack & Compose libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/versions)\n- [Wear OS releases](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/wearables\/versions\/latest)\n- [Privacy Sandbox ↗️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design-for-safety\/privacy-sandbox)\n\n- Excellent Experiences\n- [Learn more](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/excellent)\n- UI Design\n- [Design for Android](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui)\n- [Mobile](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/mobile)\n- [Desktop experiences](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/desktop)\n- [XR Headsets & XR Glasses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/xr)\n- [AI Glasses](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/ai-glasses)\n- [Widgets](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/widget)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/wear)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/tv)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/design\/ui\/cars)\n- Architecture\n- [Introduction](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/architecture\/intro)\n- [Libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/libraries\/view-binding)\n- [Navigation](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/navigation\/navigation-principles)\n- [Modularization](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/modularization)\n- [Testing](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/fundamentals)\n- [Kotlin Multiplatform](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/kotlin\/multiplatform)\n- Quality\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality)\n- [Core value](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/core-value)\n- [User experience](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/user-experience)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/ui\/accessibility)\n- [Technical quality](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/technical)\n- [Excellent Experiences](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/quality\/excellent)\n- Security\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/security)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/privacy)\n- [Permissions](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/privacy#app-permissions)\n- [Identity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/identity)\n- [Fraud prevention](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/security\/fraud-prevention)\n\n- Gemini in Android Studio\n- [Learn more](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/gemini-in-android)\n- [Get Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n- Core areas\n- [Samples](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/samples)\n- [User interfaces](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/ui)\n- [Background work](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/background-work)\n- [Data and files](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/data)\n- [Connectivity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/connectivity)\n- [All core areas ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop#core-areas)\n- Tools and workflow\n- [Write and debug code](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/write)\n- [Build projects](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/build\/gradle-build-overview)\n- [Test your app](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing)\n- [Performance](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/topic\/performance\/overview)\n- [Command-line tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- [Gradle plugin API](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/tools\/gradle-api)\n- [Android Bench](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/bench)\n- Device tech\n- [Adaptive UI](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/large-screens\/get-started-with-large-screens)\n- [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/wearables)\n- [Android XR](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop\/xr)\n- [Android Health](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/health-and-fitness\/guides)\n- [Android for Cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/cars)\n- [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/tv)\n- [All devices ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop#devices)\n- Libraries\n- [Android platform](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/packages)\n- [Jetpack libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/explorer)\n- [Compose libraries](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/jetpack\/androidx\/releases\/compose)\n- [Google Play services ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/reference\/packages)\n- [Google Play SDK index ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/sdks)\n\n- Play Console\n- [Go to Play Console](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console)\n- [Learn more ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/)\n- Fundamentals\n- [Play Monetization](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/play-billing)\n- [Play Integrity](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/google\/play\/integrity)\n- [Play Policies](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/play-policies)\n- [Play Programs ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/console\/about\/programs)\n- Games Dev Center\n- [Overview](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games)\n- [Play Asset Delivery](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/asset-delivery)\n- [Play Games Services](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games\/pgs\/overview)\n- [Play Games on PC](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games\/playgames\/overview)\n- [All Play guides ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n- Libraries\n- [Play Feature Delivery](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/feature-delivery)\n- [Play In-app Updates](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/in-app-updates)\n- [Play In-app Reviews](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/playcore\/in-app-review)\n- [Play Install Referrer](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/google\/play\/installreferrer)\n- [Google Play services ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/reference\/packages)\n- [Google Play SDK index ↗️](https:\/\/play.google.com\/sdks)\n- [All Play libraries ⤵️](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute)\n- Tools & resources\n- [Android App Bundles](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/app-bundle)\n- [Brand & marketing](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/marketing-tools)\n- [Play Console APIs ↗️](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android-publisher\/api-ref\/rest)\n\n- On this page\n- [Set environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#environment-variables)\n- [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-sdk)\n- [Android SDK Build Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-build)\n- [Android SDK Platform Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-platform)\n- [Android Emulator](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-emulator)\n- [Jetifier](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#jetifier)\n\n- [Android Developers](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/)\n- [Develop](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/develop)\n- [Android Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n- [SDK tools guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n\nWas this helpful?\n# Command-line toolsStay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.\n- On this page\n- [Set environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#environment-variables)\n- [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-sdk)\n- [Android SDK Build Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-build)\n- [Android SDK Platform Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-platform)\n- [Android Emulator](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-emulator)\n- [Jetifier](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#jetifier)\n\nThe Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development. This page lists the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered.\n\nYou can install and update each package using Android Studio's [SDK Manager](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/intro\/update#sdk-manager) or the [`sdkmanager`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/sdkmanager) command-line tool. All of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which you can locate as follows:\n\n1. In Android Studio, click **File \\> Project Structure**.\n2. Select **SDK Location** in the left pane. The path is shown under **Android SDK location**.\n### Set environment variables\nWe recommend setting the environment variable for [`ANDROID_HOME`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/variables#envar) when using the command line. Also, set your command search path to include `ANDROID_HOME\/tools`, `ANDROID_HOME\/tools\/bin`, and `ANDROID_HOME\/platform-tools` to find the most common tools. The steps vary depending on your OS, but read [How to set environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/variables#set) for general guidance.\n\n## Android SDK Command-Line Tools\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/cmdline-tools\/version\/bin\/`\n\nNote: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in `cmdline-tools`, replaces the SDK Tools package, located in `tools`. With the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install, and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the [SDK Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/sdk-tools).\n\nIf you are not using Android Studio, you can [download the command-line tools package](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio#command-line-tools-only).\n\n`apkanalyzer`\n\nProvides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes.\n\n`avdmanager`\n\nLets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) from the command line.\n\n`lint`\n\nScans code to help you identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code.\n\n[`retrace`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/retrace)\n\nFor applications compiled by R8, `retrace` decodes an obfuscated stack trace that maps back to your original source code.\n\n`sdkmanager`\n\nLets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK\n## Android SDK Build Tools\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/build-tools\/version\/`  \n See [SDK Build Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/build-tools) for more information.\n\nThis package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are invoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following command-line tools might be useful:\n\n[`AAPT2`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/aapt2)\n\nParses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources into a single output.\n\n[`apksigner`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/apksigner)\n\nSigns APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports.\n\n[`zipalign`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/zipalign)\n\nOptimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file.\n\n**Note:** You can have multiple versions of the build tools to build your app for different Android versions.\n\n## Android SDK Platform Tools\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/platform-tools\/`  \n See [SDK Platform Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/platform-tools) for more information.\n\nThese tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features and fix or improve the tools, and each update is backward compatible with earlier platform versions.\n\nIn addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools [here](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/platform-tools#downloads.html).\n\n[`adb`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/adb)\n\nAndroid Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a device.\n\n[`etc1tool`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/etc1tool)\n\nA command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1 compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG.\n\n`fastboot`\n\nFlashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions, see [Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/images).\n\n[`logcat`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/logcat)\n\nInvoked by adb to view app and system logs.\n## Android Emulator\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/emulator\/`  \n See [Android Emulator release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/emulator) for more information.\n\nThis package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following:\n\n`emulator`\n\nA QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test your applications in an actual Android run-time environment.\n\n`mksdcard`\n\nHelps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card.\n\n**Note:** Prior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the SDK Tools package.\n\n## Jetifier\n[Jetifier](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/jetifier) reads a library that uses Support Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer AndroidX classes.\n\nWas this helpful?\n\nNo recommendations at this time.\n\nTry [signing in](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools) to your Google account.\n\nContent and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the [Content License](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/license). Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and\/or its affiliates.\n\nLast updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\n\n\\[\\[\\[\"Easy to understand\",\"easyToUnderstand\",\"thumb-up\"\\],\\[\"Solved my problem\",\"solvedMyProblem\",\"thumb-up\"\\],\\[\"Other\",\"otherUp\",\"thumb-up\"\\]\\],\\[\\[\"Missing the information I need\",\"missingTheInformationINeed\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Too complicated \/ too many steps\",\"tooComplicatedTooManySteps\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Out of date\",\"outOfDate\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Samples \/ code issue\",\"samplesCodeIssue\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Other\",\"otherDown\",\"thumb-down\"\\]\\],\\[\"Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\"\\],\\[\\],\\[\\]\\]\n\n- [![X](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/_static\/android\/images\/logo-x.svg) X](https:\/\/x.com\/AndroidDev)\n  Follow @AndroidDev on X\n- [![YouTube](https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/images\/icons\/material\/product\/2x\/youtube_48dp.png) YouTube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/androiddevelopers)\n  Check out Android Developers on YouTube\n- [![LinkedIn](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/_static\/android\/images\/logo-linkedin.svg) LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/androiddev)\n  Connect with the Android Developers community on LinkedIn\n\n- ### More Android\n  - [Android](https:\/\/www.android.com\/)\n  - [Android for Enterprise](https:\/\/www.android.com\/enterprise\/)\n  - [Security](https:\/\/www.android.com\/security-center\/)\n  - [Source](https:\/\/source.android.com\/)\n  - [News](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/news)\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/android-developers.googleblog.com\/)\n  - [Podcasts](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/podcasts)\n- ### Discover\n  - [Gaming](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/games)\n  - [Machine Learning](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/ml)\n  - [Health & Fitness](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/health-and-fitness)\n  - [Camera & Media](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/media)\n  - [Privacy](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/privacy)\n  - [5G](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/connectivity\/5g)\n- ### Android Devices\n  - [Large screens](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/large-screens)\n  - [Wear OS](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/wear)\n  - [ChromeOS devices](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/chrome-os)\n  - [Android for cars](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/cars)\n  - [Android TV](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tv)\n- ### Releases\n  - [Android 15](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/15)\n  - [Android 14](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/14)\n  - [Android 13](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/13)\n  - [Android 12](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/12)\n  - [Android 11](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/11)\n  - [Android 10](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/10)\n  - [Pie](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/about\/versions\/pie)\n- ### Documentation and Downloads\n  - [Android Studio guide](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/intro)\n  - [Developers guides](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide)\n  - [API reference](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference)\n  - [Download Studio](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio)\n  - [Android NDK](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/ndk)\n- ### Support\n  - [Report platform bug](https:\/\/issuetracker.google.com\/issues\/new?component=190923&template=841312)\n  - [Report documentation bug](https:\/\/issuetracker.google.com\/issues\/new?component=192697)\n  - [Google Play support](https:\/\/support.google.com\/googleplay\/android-developer)\n  - [Join research studies](https:\/\/g.co\/userresearch\/androiddeveloperfooter)\n\n[![Google Developers](https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/devrel-devsite\/prod\/vb4124e0eb36966d1f5cf3a7ca116e70a424f5334bce4dd1449f7f3a599cf8e09\/android\/images\/lockup-google-for-developers.svg)](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/)\n\n- [Android](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/)\n- [Chrome](https:\/\/developer.chrome.com\/home)\n- [Firebase](https:\/\/firebase.google.com\/)\n- [Google Cloud Platform](https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/)\n- [All products](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/products\/)\n\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy)\n- [License](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/license)\n- [Brand guidelines](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/distribute\/marketing-tools\/brand-guidelines)\n- [Manage cookies](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- Get news and tips by email  [Subscribe](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/updates)\n\n- [English](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools)\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=de)\n- [Español – América Latina](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=es-419)\n- [Français](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=fr)\n- [Indonesia](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=id)\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=it)\n- [Polski](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=pl)\n- [Português – Brasil](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=pt-br)\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=vi)\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=tr)\n- [Русский](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ru)\n- [עברית](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=he)\n- [العربيّة](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ar)\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=fa)\n- [हिंदी](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=hi)\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=bn)\n- [ภาษาไทย](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=th)\n- [中文 – 简体](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=zh-cn)\n- [中文 – 繁體](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=zh-tw)\n- [日本語](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ja)\n- [한국어](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools?hl=ko)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Command-line toolsStay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.\n- On this page\n- [Set environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#environment-variables)\n- [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-sdk)\n- [Android SDK Build Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-build)\n- [Android SDK Platform Tools](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-platform)\n- [Android Emulator](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#tools-emulator)\n- [Jetifier](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools#jetifier)\n\nThe Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development. This page lists the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered.\n\nYou can install and update each package using Android Studio's [SDK Manager](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/intro\/update#sdk-manager) or the [`sdkmanager`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/sdkmanager) command-line tool. All of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which you can locate as follows:\n\n1. In Android Studio, click **File \\> Project Structure**.\n2. Select **SDK Location** in the left pane. The path is shown under **Android SDK location**.\n### Set environment variables\nWe recommend setting the environment variable for [`ANDROID_HOME`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/variables#envar) when using the command line. Also, set your command search path to include `ANDROID_HOME\/tools`, `ANDROID_HOME\/tools\/bin`, and `ANDROID_HOME\/platform-tools` to find the most common tools. The steps vary depending on your OS, but read [How to set environment variables](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/variables#set) for general guidance.\n\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/cmdline-tools\/version\/bin\/`\n\nNote: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in `cmdline-tools`, replaces the SDK Tools package, located in `tools`. With the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install, and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the [SDK Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/sdk-tools).\n\nIf you are not using Android Studio, you can [download the command-line tools package](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio#command-line-tools-only).\n\n`apkanalyzer`\n\nProvides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes.\n\n`avdmanager`\n\nLets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) from the command line.\n\n`lint`\n\nScans code to help you identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code.\n\n[`retrace`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/retrace)\n\nFor applications compiled by R8, `retrace` decodes an obfuscated stack trace that maps back to your original source code.\n\n`sdkmanager`\n\nLets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK\n## Android SDK Build Tools\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/build-tools\/version\/`  \n See [SDK Build Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/build-tools) for more information.\n\nThis package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are invoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following command-line tools might be useful:\n\n[`AAPT2`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/aapt2)\n\nParses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources into a single output.\n\n[`apksigner`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/apksigner)\n\nSigns APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports.\n\n[`zipalign`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/zipalign)\n\nOptimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file.\n\n**Note:** You can have multiple versions of the build tools to build your app for different Android versions.\n\n## Android SDK Platform Tools\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/platform-tools\/`  \n See [SDK Platform Tools release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/platform-tools) for more information.\n\nThese tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features and fix or improve the tools, and each update is backward compatible with earlier platform versions.\n\nIn addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools [here](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/platform-tools#downloads.html).\n\n[`adb`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/adb)\n\nAndroid Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a device.\n\n[`etc1tool`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/etc1tool)\n\nA command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1 compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG.\n\n`fastboot`\n\nFlashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions, see [Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices](https:\/\/developers.google.com\/android\/images).\n\n[`logcat`](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/logcat)\n\nInvoked by adb to view app and system logs.\n## Android Emulator\nLocated in: `android_sdk\/emulator\/`  \n See [Android Emulator release notes](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/releases\/emulator) for more information.\n\nThis package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following:\n\n`emulator`\n\nA QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test your applications in an actual Android run-time environment.\n\n`mksdcard`\n\nHelps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card.\n\n**Note:** Prior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the SDK Tools package.\n\n## Jetifier\n[Jetifier](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/command-line\/jetifier) reads a library that uses Support Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer AndroidX classes.\n\nNo recommendations at this time.\n\nTry [signing in](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/tools) to your Google account.\n\nContent and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the [Content License](https:\/\/developer.android.com\/license). Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and\/or its affiliates.\n\nLast updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\n\n\\[\\[\\[\"Easy to understand\",\"easyToUnderstand\",\"thumb-up\"\\],\\[\"Solved my problem\",\"solvedMyProblem\",\"thumb-up\"\\],\\[\"Other\",\"otherUp\",\"thumb-up\"\\]\\],\\[\\[\"Missing the information I need\",\"missingTheInformationINeed\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Too complicated \/ too many steps\",\"tooComplicatedTooManySteps\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Out of date\",\"outOfDate\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Samples \/ code issue\",\"samplesCodeIssue\",\"thumb-down\"\\],\\[\"Other\",\"otherDown\",\"thumb-down\"\\]\\],\\[\"Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC.\"\\],\\[\\],\\[\\]\\]","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://developer.android.com/tools
Last Crawled	2026-03-31 20:47:44 (16 days ago)
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Meta Title	Command-line tools \| Android Studio \| Android Developers
Meta Description	Find out about the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Command-line tools Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. On this page Set environment variables Android SDK Command-Line Tools Android SDK Build Tools Android SDK Platform Tools Android Emulator Jetifier The Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development. This page lists the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered. You can install and update each package using Android Studio's SDK Manager or the sdkmanager command-line tool. All of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which you can locate as follows: In Android Studio, click File > Project Structure . Select SDK Location in the left pane. The path is shown under Android SDK location . Set environment variables We recommend setting the environment variable for ANDROID_HOME when using the command line. Also, set your command search path to include ANDROID_HOME/tools , ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin , and ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools to find the most common tools. The steps vary depending on your OS, but read How to set environment variables for general guidance. Located in: android_sdk /cmdline-tools/ version /bin/ Note: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in cmdline-tools , replaces the SDK Tools package, located in tools . With the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install, and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the SDK Tools release notes . If you are not using Android Studio, you can download the command-line tools package . apkanalyzer Provides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes. avdmanager Lets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) from the command line. lint Scans code to help you identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code. retrace For applications compiled by R8, retrace decodes an obfuscated stack trace that maps back to your original source code. sdkmanager Lets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK Android SDK Build Tools Located in: android_sdk /build-tools/ version / See SDK Build Tools release notes for more information. This package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are invoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following command-line tools might be useful: AAPT2 Parses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources into a single output. apksigner Signs APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports. zipalign Optimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file. Note: You can have multiple versions of the build tools to build your app for different Android versions. Android SDK Platform Tools Located in: android_sdk /platform-tools/ See SDK Platform Tools release notes for more information. These tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features and fix or improve the tools, and each update is backward compatible with earlier platform versions. In addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools here . adb Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a device. etc1tool A command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1 compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG. fastboot Flashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions, see Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices . logcat Invoked by adb to view app and system logs. Android Emulator Located in: android_sdk /emulator/ See Android Emulator release notes for more information. This package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following: emulator A QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test your applications in an actual Android run-time environment. mksdcard Helps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card. Note: Prior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the SDK Tools package. Jetifier Jetifier reads a library that uses Support Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer AndroidX classes. No recommendations at this time. Try signing in to your Google account. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License . Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC. [[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC."],[],[]]
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[Play Install Referrer](https://developer.android.com/google/play/installreferrer) - [Google Play services ↗️](https://developers.google.com/android/reference/packages) - [Google Play SDK index ↗️](https://play.google.com/sdks) - [All Play libraries ⤵️](https://developer.android.com/distribute) - Tools & resources - [Android App Bundles](https://developer.android.com/guide/app-bundle) - [Brand & marketing](https://developer.android.com/distribute/marketing-tools) - [Play Console APIs ↗️](https://developers.google.com/android-publisher/api-ref/rest) - On this page - [Set environment variables](https://developer.android.com/tools#environment-variables) - [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-sdk) - [Android SDK Build Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-build) - [Android SDK Platform Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-platform) - [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-emulator) - [Jetifier](https://developer.android.com/tools#jetifier) - [Android Developers](https://developer.android.com/) - [Develop](https://developer.android.com/develop) - [Android Studio](https://developer.android.com/studio) - [SDK tools guides](https://developer.android.com/tools) Was this helpful? # Command-line toolsStay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. - On this page - [Set environment variables](https://developer.android.com/tools#environment-variables) - [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-sdk) - [Android SDK Build Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-build) - [Android SDK Platform Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-platform) - [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-emulator) - [Jetifier](https://developer.android.com/tools#jetifier) The Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development. This page lists the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered. You can install and update each package using Android Studio's [SDK Manager](https://developer.android.com/studio/intro/update#sdk-manager) or the [`sdkmanager`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/sdkmanager) command-line tool. All of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which you can locate as follows: 1. In Android Studio, click File \> Project Structure. 2. Select SDK Location in the left pane. The path is shown under Android SDK location. ### Set environment variables We recommend setting the environment variable for [`ANDROID_HOME`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/variables#envar) when using the command line. Also, set your command search path to include `ANDROID_HOME/tools`, `ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin`, and `ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools` to find the most common tools. The steps vary depending on your OS, but read [How to set environment variables](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/variables#set) for general guidance. ## Android SDK Command-Line Tools Located in: `android_sdk/cmdline-tools/version/bin/` Note: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in `cmdline-tools`, replaces the SDK Tools package, located in `tools`. With the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install, and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the [SDK Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/sdk-tools). If you are not using Android Studio, you can [download the command-line tools package](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-line-tools-only). `apkanalyzer` Provides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes. `avdmanager` Lets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) from the command line. `lint` Scans code to help you identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code. [`retrace`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/retrace) For applications compiled by R8, `retrace` decodes an obfuscated stack trace that maps back to your original source code. `sdkmanager` Lets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK ## Android SDK Build Tools Located in: `android_sdk/build-tools/version/` See [SDK Build Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools) for more information. This package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are invoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following command-line tools might be useful: [`AAPT2`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/aapt2) Parses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources into a single output. [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) Signs APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports. [`zipalign`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/zipalign) Optimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file. Note: You can have multiple versions of the build tools to build your app for different Android versions. ## Android SDK Platform Tools Located in: `android_sdk/platform-tools/` See [SDK Platform Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools) for more information. These tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features and fix or improve the tools, and each update is backward compatible with earlier platform versions. In addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools [here](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools#downloads.html). [`adb`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb) Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a device. [`etc1tool`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/etc1tool) A command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1 compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG. `fastboot` Flashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions, see [Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices](https://developers.google.com/android/images). [`logcat`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/logcat) Invoked by adb to view app and system logs. ## Android Emulator Located in: `android_sdk/emulator/` See [Android Emulator release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator) for more information. This package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following: `emulator` A QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test your applications in an actual Android run-time environment. `mksdcard` Helps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card. Note: Prior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the SDK Tools package. ## Jetifier [Jetifier](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/jetifier) reads a library that uses Support Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer AndroidX classes. Was this helpful? No recommendations at this time. Try [signing in](https://developer.android.com/tools) to your Google account. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the [Content License](https://developer.android.com/license). Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC. \[\[\["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"\],\["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"\],\["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"\]\],\[\["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"\],\["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"\],\["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"\],\["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"\],\["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"\]\],\["Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC."\],\[\],\[\]\] - [![X](https://developer.android.com/_static/android/images/logo-x.svg) X](https://x.com/AndroidDev) Follow @AndroidDev on X - [![YouTube](https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/product/2x/youtube_48dp.png) YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/user/androiddevelopers) Check out Android Developers on YouTube - [![LinkedIn](https://developer.android.com/_static/android/images/logo-linkedin.svg) LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/androiddev) Connect with the Android Developers community on LinkedIn - 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Readable Markdown	## Command-line toolsStay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. - On this page - [Set environment variables](https://developer.android.com/tools#environment-variables) - [Android SDK Command-Line Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-sdk) - [Android SDK Build Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-build) - [Android SDK Platform Tools](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-platform) - [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/tools#tools-emulator) - [Jetifier](https://developer.android.com/tools#jetifier) The Android SDK is composed of multiple packages that are required for app development. This page lists the most important command-line tools that are available, organized by the packages in which they're delivered. You can install and update each package using Android Studio's [SDK Manager](https://developer.android.com/studio/intro/update#sdk-manager) or the [`sdkmanager`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/sdkmanager) command-line tool. All of the packages are downloaded into your Android SDK directory, which you can locate as follows: 1. In Android Studio, click File \> Project Structure. 2. Select SDK Location in the left pane. The path is shown under Android SDK location. ### Set environment variables We recommend setting the environment variable for [`ANDROID_HOME`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/variables#envar) when using the command line. Also, set your command search path to include `ANDROID_HOME/tools`, `ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin`, and `ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools` to find the most common tools. The steps vary depending on your OS, but read [How to set environment variables](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/variables#set) for general guidance. Located in: `android_sdk/cmdline-tools/version/bin/` Note: The Android SDK Command-Line Tools package, located in `cmdline-tools`, replaces the SDK Tools package, located in `tools`. With the new package, you can select the version of the command line tools you want to install, and you can install multiple versions at a time. With the old package, you can only install the latest version of the tools. Thus, the new package lets you depend on specific versions of the command-line tools without having your code break when new versions are released. For information about the deprecated SDK Tools package, see the [SDK Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/sdk-tools). If you are not using Android Studio, you can [download the command-line tools package](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-line-tools-only). `apkanalyzer` Provides insight into the composition of your APK after the build process completes. `avdmanager` Lets you create and manage Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) from the command line. `lint` Scans code to help you identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code. [`retrace`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/retrace) For applications compiled by R8, `retrace` decodes an obfuscated stack trace that maps back to your original source code. `sdkmanager` Lets you view, install, update, and uninstall packages for the Android SDK ## Android SDK Build Tools Located in: `android_sdk/build-tools/version/` See [SDK Build Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools) for more information. This package is required to build Android apps. Most of the tools in this package are invoked by the build tools and not intended for you. However, the following command-line tools might be useful: [`AAPT2`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/aapt2) Parses, indexes, and compiles Android resources into a binary format that is optimized for the Android platform and packages the compiled resources into a single output. [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) Signs APKs and checks whether APK signatures will be verified successfully on all platform versions that a given APK supports. [`zipalign`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/zipalign) Optimizes APK files by ensuring that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file. Note: You can have multiple versions of the build tools to build your app for different Android versions. ## Android SDK Platform Tools Located in: `android_sdk/platform-tools/` See [SDK Platform Tools release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools) for more information. These tools are updated for every new version of the Android platform to support new features and fix or improve the tools, and each update is backward compatible with earlier platform versions. In addition to downloading from the SDK Manager, you can download the SDK Platform Tools [here](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools#downloads.html). [`adb`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb) Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an APK on a device. [`etc1tool`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/etc1tool) A command-line utility that lets you encode PNG images to the ETC1 compression standard and decode ETC1 compressed images back to PNG. `fastboot` Flashes a device with platform and other system images. For flashing instructions, see [Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices](https://developers.google.com/android/images). [`logcat`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/logcat) Invoked by adb to view app and system logs. ## Android Emulator Located in: `android_sdk/emulator/` See [Android Emulator release notes](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator) for more information. This package is required to use the Android Emulator. It includes the following: `emulator` A QEMU-based device-emulation tool that you can use to debug and test your applications in an actual Android run-time environment. `mksdcard` Helps you create a disk image that you can use with the emulator to simulate the presence of an external storage card, such as an SD card. Note: Prior to revision 25.3.0, the emulator tools were included with the SDK Tools package. ## Jetifier [Jetifier](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/jetifier) reads a library that uses Support Library classes and outputs an equivalent library that uses the newer AndroidX classes. No recommendations at this time. Try [signing in](https://developer.android.com/tools) to your Google account. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the [Content License](https://developer.android.com/license). Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC. \[\[\["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"\],\["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"\],\["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"\]\],\[\["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"\],\["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"\],\["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"\],\["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"\],\["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"\]\],\["Last updated 2025-11-19 UTC."\],\[\],\[\]\]
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