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| Boilerpipe Text | Example of Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing
For the data given below, generate a forecast for period 11 through 13 using trend-adjusted exponential smoothing. Use
= 0.4 and
= 0.3
Period
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Data values
500
524
520
528
540
542
558
550
570
575
Solution:
To use trend adjusted exponential smoothing, we first need an initial estimate of the trend. This initial estimate can be obtained by calculating the net change from the three changes in the data that occurred through the first four periods.
Initial Trend Estimate = (528 - 500)/3 = 28/3 = 9.33
Using this initial trend estimate and the actual data value for period 4, we compute an initial forecast for period 5.
Initial Forecast for period 5 = 528 + 9.33 = 537.33.
The forecasts and the associated calculations are shown in the table below.
Table 2.1 Forecast Calculations for the Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing Example
Period
Actual
S
t-1
+ T
t-1
= TAF
t
TAF
t
+ 0.3(A
t
-TAF
t
) = S
t
T
t-1
+ 0.2(TAF
t
-TAF
t-1
- T
t-1
) = T
t
5
540
528 + 9.33 = 537.33
537.33 + 0.3(540 - 537.33) = 538.13
9.33
6
542
538.13 + 9.33 = 547.46
547.46 + 0.3(542 - 547.46) = 545.82
9.33 + 0.2(547.46 - 537.33 - 9.33) = 9.49
7
558
545.82 + 9.49 = 555.31
555.31 + 0.3(558 - 555.31) = 556.12
9.49 + 0.2(555.31 - 547.46 - 9.49) = 9.16
8
550
556.12 + 9.16 = 565.28
565.28 + 0.3(550 - 565.28) = 560.70
9.16 + 0.2(565.28 - 555.31 - 9.16) = 9.32
9
570
560.70 + 9.32 = 570.02
570.02 + 0.3(570 - 570.02) = 570.01
9.32 + 0.2(570.02 - 565.28 - 9.32) = 8.41
10
575
570.01 + 8.41 = 578.42
578.42 + 0.3(575 - 578.42) = 577.40
8.41 + 0.2(578.42 - 570.02 - 8.41) = 8.41
11
577.40 + 8.41 = 585.81
The forecast for period 11 is 585.81. |
| Markdown | 
MANGT 515: Cost and Value Management
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MANGT 515 Prospective Students
| |
|---|
| [Sample Syllabus](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/index.html "Sample Syllabus") |
| [Sample Lesson](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/toc.html "Sample Lesson") |
| [Introduction](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_01.html) |
| [2\.1 Reasons for Forecasting in Project Management](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_02.html) |
| [2\.2 Forecasting Methods for Projects](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_03.html) |
| [2\.2.1 Qualitative Forecasting Methods](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_04.html) |
| [2\.2.2 Quantitative Forecasting Methods](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_05.html) |
| [Time Series Analysis](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_06.html) |
| [Short Term Forecasting Methods](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_07.html) |
| [Naïve Approach](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_08.html) |
| [Simple Averages](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_09.html) |
| [Moving Averages](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_10.html) |
| [Exponential Smoothing](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_11.html) |
| [Example of Exponential Smoothing](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_12.html) |
| [Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_13.html) |
| [Example of Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_14.html) |
| [2\.3 Intermediate Term Forecasting](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_15.html) |
| [Example of Linear Regression](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_16.html) |
| [Evaluating the "Fit" of the Regression Line](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_17.html) |
| [2\.3.2 The Correlation Coefficient (r)](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_18.html) |
| [2\.3.3. The Standard Error of the Estimate (syx)](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_19.html) |
| [2\.3.4 Limitations in Forecasting Using Linear Regression](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_20.html) |
| [2\.3.4 Limitations in Forecasting Using Linear Regression (continued)](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_21.html) |
| [2\.4 Forecasting the Project End Conditions](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_22.html) |
| [2\.5 S-curve Forecasting](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_23.html) |
| [2\.6 Technological Forecasting\*](https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/welcome/mangt515/lesson02_24.html) |
### **Example of Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing**
For the data given below, generate a forecast for period 11 through 13 using trend-adjusted exponential smoothing. Use  = 0.4 and  = 0.3
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Data values | 500 | 524 | 520 | 528 | 540 | 542 | 558 | 550 | 570 | 575 |
**Solution:** To use trend adjusted exponential smoothing, we first need an initial estimate of the trend. This initial estimate can be obtained by calculating the net change from the three changes in the data that occurred through the first four periods.
- Initial Trend Estimate = (528 - 500)/3 = 28/3 = 9.33
Using this initial trend estimate and the actual data value for period 4, we compute an initial forecast for period 5.
- Initial Forecast for period 5 = 528 + 9.33 = 537.33.
The forecasts and the associated calculations are shown in the table below.
| **Period** | **Actual** | **S**t-1 **\+ T**t-1 **\= TAF**t | **TAF**t **\+ 0.3(A**t **\-TAF**t **) = S**t | **T**t-1 **\+ 0.2(TAF**t **\-TAF**t-1 **\- T**t-1 **) = Tt** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 540 | 528 + 9.33 = 537.33 | 537\.33 + 0.3(540 - 537.33) = 538.13 | 9\.33 |
| 6 | 542 | 538\.13 + 9.33 = 547.46 | 547\.46 + 0.3(542 - 547.46) = 545.82 | 9\.33 + 0.2(547.46 - 537.33 - 9.33) = 9.49 |
| 7 | 558 | 545\.82 + 9.49 = 555.31 | 555\.31 + 0.3(558 - 555.31) = 556.12 | 9\.49 + 0.2(555.31 - 547.46 - 9.49) = 9.16 |
| 8 | 550 | 556\.12 + 9.16 = 565.28 | 565\.28 + 0.3(550 - 565.28) = 560.70 | 9\.16 + 0.2(565.28 - 555.31 - 9.16) = 9.32 |
| 9 | 570 | 560\.70 + 9.32 = 570.02 | 570\.02 + 0.3(570 - 570.02) = 570.01 | 9\.32 + 0.2(570.02 - 565.28 - 9.32) = 8.41 |
| 10 | 575 | 570\.01 + 8.41 = 578.42 | 578\.42 + 0.3(575 - 578.42) = 577.40 | 8\.41 + 0.2(578.42 - 570.02 - 8.41) = 8.41 |
| 11 | | 577\.40 + 8.41 = 585.81 | | |
The forecast for period 11 is 585.81.
page 14 of 24
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| Readable Markdown | ### **Example of Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing**
For the data given below, generate a forecast for period 11 through 13 using trend-adjusted exponential smoothing. Use  = 0.4 and  = 0.3
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Data values | 500 | 524 | 520 | 528 | 540 | 542 | 558 | 550 | 570 | 575 |
**Solution:** To use trend adjusted exponential smoothing, we first need an initial estimate of the trend. This initial estimate can be obtained by calculating the net change from the three changes in the data that occurred through the first four periods.
- Initial Trend Estimate = (528 - 500)/3 = 28/3 = 9.33
Using this initial trend estimate and the actual data value for period 4, we compute an initial forecast for period 5.
- Initial Forecast for period 5 = 528 + 9.33 = 537.33.
The forecasts and the associated calculations are shown in the table below.
| **Period** | **Actual** | **S**t-1 **\+ T**t-1 **\= TAF**t | **TAF**t **\+ 0.3(A**t **\-TAF**t **) = S**t | **T**t-1 **\+ 0.2(TAF**t **\-TAF**t-1 **\- T**t-1 **) = Tt** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 540 | 528 + 9.33 = 537.33 | 537\.33 + 0.3(540 - 537.33) = 538.13 | 9\.33 |
| 6 | 542 | 538\.13 + 9.33 = 547.46 | 547\.46 + 0.3(542 - 547.46) = 545.82 | 9\.33 + 0.2(547.46 - 537.33 - 9.33) = 9.49 |
| 7 | 558 | 545\.82 + 9.49 = 555.31 | 555\.31 + 0.3(558 - 555.31) = 556.12 | 9\.49 + 0.2(555.31 - 547.46 - 9.49) = 9.16 |
| 8 | 550 | 556\.12 + 9.16 = 565.28 | 565\.28 + 0.3(550 - 565.28) = 560.70 | 9\.16 + 0.2(565.28 - 555.31 - 9.16) = 9.32 |
| 9 | 570 | 560\.70 + 9.32 = 570.02 | 570\.02 + 0.3(570 - 570.02) = 570.01 | 9\.32 + 0.2(570.02 - 565.28 - 9.32) = 8.41 |
| 10 | 575 | 570\.01 + 8.41 = 578.42 | 578\.42 + 0.3(575 - 578.42) = 577.40 | 8\.41 + 0.2(578.42 - 570.02 - 8.41) = 8.41 |
| 11 | | 577\.40 + 8.41 = 585.81 | | |
The forecast for period 11 is 585.81. |
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