🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 89 (from laksa184)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa089.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat","crawl_time":1773726529,"first_indexed_time":1740541363,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,clickhouse!\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat s443","src_root_hash":"12633450985039531489","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"groupConcat | ClickHouse Docs","meta_descriptions":["Calculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"groupConcat\n\nIntroduced in: v24.8.0\nCalculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements.\nNote\nIf delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit.\nAlso, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only.\nSyntax\ngroupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression)\nAliases\n:\ngroup_concat\nParameters\ndelimiter\n— A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified.\nString\nlimit\n— A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional.\nUInt*\nArguments\nexpression\n— The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated.\nString\ndelimiter\n— A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified.\nString\nReturned value\nReturns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value.\nString\nExamples\nBasic usage without a delimiter\nSELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees;\nJohnJaneBob\nUsing comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax)\nSELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees;\nJohn, Jane, Bob\nUsing comma as a delimiter (argument syntax)\nSELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees;\nJohn, Jane, Bob\nLimiting the number of concatenated elements\nSELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees;\nJohn, Jane","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback)\n\n[![ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/img\/ch_logo_docs.svg)![ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/img\/ch_logo_docs_dark.svg)](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/)\n\n- [Products](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [ClickHouse Cloud Best way to use ClickHouse. Available on AWS, GCP, and Azure.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/cloud)\n  - [BYOC (Bring Your Own Cloud) The fully managed ClickHouse Cloud service, Can be deployed in your AWS account.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/cloud\/bring-your-own-cloud)\n  - [ClickHouse Set up a database with open-source ClickHouse. ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/clickhouse)\n  - [Discover more than 100 integrations.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/integrations)\n  \n  [Discover more than 100 integrations.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/integrations)\n- [Use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [Real-time analytics](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/real-time-analytics)\n  - [Machine Learning & Generative AI](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/machine-learning-and-data-science)\n  - [Business Intelligence](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/data-warehousing)\n  - [Logs, Events, Traces](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/observability)\n  - [All use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases)\n  \n  [All use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases)\n- [Documentation](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [User stories](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/user-stories)\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/blog)\n  - [Events](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/company\/events)\n  - [Learning and certification](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/learn)\n  - [Comparison](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n    - [BigQuery](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/bigquery)\n    - [PostgreSQL](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/postgresql)\n    - [Redshift](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/redshift)\n    - [Rockset](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/rockset)\n    - [Snowflake](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/snowflake)\n  - [Video](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/videos)\n  - [Demo](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/demos)\n- [Pricing](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/pricing)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/company\/contact?loc=nav)\n\n[46\\.4k](https:\/\/github.com\/ClickHouse\/ClickHouse?utm_source=clickhouse&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=website-nav)\n\n[Search`Ctrl``K`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/search)\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/console.clickhouse.cloud\/signIn?loc=docs-nav-signIn-cta)\n\n[Get started](https:\/\/console.clickhouse.cloud\/signUp?loc=docs-nav-signUp-cta)\n\n[Get started](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/introduction-clickhouse)\n\n[Cloud](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/cloud\/overview)\n\n[Manage data](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/updating-data)\n\n[Server admin](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/guides\/manage-and-deploy-index)\n\n[Reference](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference)\n\n[Integrations](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/integrations)\n\n[ClickStack](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/use-cases\/observability\/clickstack\/overview)\n\n[chDB](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/chdb)\n\n[About](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/about)\n\n[Knowledge Base](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/knowledgebase)\n\n[English](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n\n- [English](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [日本語](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/jp\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [中文](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/zh\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [Русский](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/ru\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n\n[Skip to main content](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback)\n\n[![ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/img\/ch_logo_docs.svg)![ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/img\/ch_logo_docs_dark.svg)](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/)\n\n- [Products](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [ClickHouse Cloud Best way to use ClickHouse. Available on AWS, GCP, and Azure.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/cloud)\n  - [BYOC (Bring Your Own Cloud) The fully managed ClickHouse Cloud service, Can be deployed in your AWS account.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/cloud\/bring-your-own-cloud)\n  - [ClickHouse Set up a database with open-source ClickHouse. ClickHouse](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/clickhouse)\n  - [Discover more than 100 integrations.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/integrations)\n  \n  [Discover more than 100 integrations.](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/integrations)\n- [Use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [Real-time analytics](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/real-time-analytics)\n  - [Machine Learning & Generative AI](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/machine-learning-and-data-science)\n  - [Business Intelligence](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/data-warehousing)\n  - [Logs, Events, Traces](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases\/observability)\n  - [All use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases)\n  \n  [All use cases](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/use-cases)\n- [Documentation](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n  \n  - [User stories](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/user-stories)\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/blog)\n  - [Events](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/company\/events)\n  - [Learning and certification](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/learn)\n  - [Comparison](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n    - [BigQuery](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/bigquery)\n    - [PostgreSQL](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/postgresql)\n    - [Redshift](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/redshift)\n    - [Rockset](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/rockset)\n    - [Snowflake](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/comparison\/snowflake)\n  - [Video](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/videos)\n  - [Demo](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/demos)\n- [Pricing](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/pricing)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/company\/contact?loc=nav)\n\n[46\\.4k](https:\/\/github.com\/ClickHouse\/ClickHouse?utm_source=clickhouse&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=website-nav)\n\n[Search`Ctrl``K`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/search)\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/console.clickhouse.cloud\/signIn?loc=docs-nav-signIn-cta)\n\n[Get started](https:\/\/console.clickhouse.cloud\/signUp?loc=docs-nav-signUp-cta)\n\n[Get started](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/introduction-clickhouse)\n\n[Cloud](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/cloud\/overview)\n\n[Manage data](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/updating-data)\n\n[Server admin](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/guides\/manage-and-deploy-index)\n\n[Reference](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference)\n\n[Integrations](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/integrations)\n\n[ClickStack](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/use-cases\/observability\/clickstack\/overview)\n\n[chDB](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/chdb)\n\n[About](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/about)\n\n[Knowledge Base](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/knowledgebase)\n\n[English](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n\n- [English](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [日本語](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/jp\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [中文](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/zh\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n- [Русский](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/ru\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n\n[Search`Ctrl``K`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/search)\n\n- [Introduction](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference)\n  - [Syntax](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/syntax)\n  - [Input and Output Formats](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/formats)\n  - [Data types](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types)\n  - [Statements](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/statements)\n  - [Operators](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/operators)\n- [Engines](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/engines)\n  - [Database Engines](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/engines\/database-engines)\n  - [Table Engines](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/engines\/table-engines)\n- [Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/functions)\n  - [Regular functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/functions\/regular-functions)\n  - [Aggregate functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions)\n    - [Aggregate Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference)\n      - [aggThrow](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/aggthrow)\n      - [analysisOfVariance](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/analysis_of_variance)\n      - [any](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/any)\n      - [anyHeavy](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/anyheavy)\n      - [anyLast](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/anylast)\n      - [approx\\_top\\_k](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/approxtopk)\n      - [approx\\_top\\_sum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/approxtopsum)\n      - [argAndMax](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/argandmax)\n      - [argAndMin](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/argandmin)\n      - [argMax](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/argmax)\n      - [argMin](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/argmin)\n      - [avg](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/avg)\n      - [avgWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/avgweighted)\n      - [boundingRatio](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/boundingRatio)\n      - [categoricalInformationValue](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/categoricalinformationvalue)\n      - [contingency](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/contingency)\n      - [corr](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/corr)\n      - [corrMatrix](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/corrmatrix)\n      - [corrStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/corrstable)\n      - [count](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/count)\n      - [covarPop](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarpop)\n      - [covarPopMatrix](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarpopmatrix)\n      - [covarPopStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarpopstable)\n      - [covarSamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarsamp)\n      - [covarSampMatrix](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarsampmatrix)\n      - [covarSampStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/covarsampstable)\n      - [cramersV](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/cramersv)\n      - [cramersVBiasCorrected](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/cramersvbiascorrected)\n      - [deltaSum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/deltasum)\n      - [deltaSumTimestamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/deltasumtimestamp)\n      - [distinctDynamicTypes](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/distinctdynamictypes)\n      - [distinctJSONPaths](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/distinctjsonpaths)\n      - [distinctJSONPathsAndTypes](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/distinctJSONPathsAndTypes)\n      - [entropy](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/entropy)\n      - [estimateCompressionRatio](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/estimateCompressionRatio)\n      - [exponentialMovingAverage](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/exponentialMovingAverage)\n      - [exponentialTimeDecayedAvg](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/exponentialTimeDecayedAvg)\n      - [exponentialTimeDecayedCount](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/exponentialTimeDecayedCount)\n      - [exponentialTimeDecayedMax](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/exponentialTimeDecayedMax)\n      - [exponentialTimeDecayedSum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/exponentialTimeDecayedSum)\n      - [first\\_value](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/first_value)\n      - [flameGraph](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/flame_graph)\n      - [groupArray](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparray)\n      - [groupArrayArray](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparrayarray)\n      - [groupArrayInsertAt](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparrayinsertat)\n      - [groupArrayIntersect](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparrayintersect)\n      - [groupArrayLast](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparraylast)\n      - [groupArrayMovingAvg](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparraymovingavg)\n      - [groupArrayMovingSum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparraymovingsum)\n      - [groupArraySample](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparraysample)\n      - [groupArraySorted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/grouparraysorted)\n      - [groupBitAnd](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitand)\n      - [groupBitOr](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitor)\n      - [groupBitXor](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitxor)\n      - [groupBitmap](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitmap)\n      - [groupBitmapAnd](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitmapand)\n      - [groupBitmapOr](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitmapor)\n      - [groupBitmapXor](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitmapxor)\n      - [groupConcat](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat)\n      - [groupUniqArray](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupuniqarray)\n      - [intervalLengthSum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/intervalLengthSum)\n      - [kolmogorovSmirnovTest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/kolmogorovsmirnovtest)\n      - [kurtPop](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/kurtpop)\n      - [kurtSamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/kurtsamp)\n      - [largestTriangleThreeBuckets](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/largestTriangleThreeBuckets)\n      - [last\\_value](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/last_value)\n      - [mannWhitneyUTest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/mannwhitneyutest)\n      - [max](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/max)\n      - [maxIntersections](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/maxintersections)\n      - [maxIntersectionsPosition](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/maxintersectionsposition)\n      - [maxMap](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/maxmap)\n      - [meanZTest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/meanztest)\n      - [median](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/median)\n      - [min](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/min)\n      - [minMap](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/minmap)\n      - [quantile](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantile)\n      - [quantileBFloat16](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilebfloat16)\n      - [quantileDD](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileddsketch)\n      - [quantileDeterministic](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiledeterministic)\n      - [quantileExact Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileexact)\n      - [quantileExactExclusive](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileExactExclusive)\n      - [quantileExactHigh](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileExactHigh)\n      - [quantileExactInclusive](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileExactInclusive)\n      - [quantileExactLow](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileExactLow)\n      - [quantileExactWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileexactweighted)\n      - [quantileExactWeightedInterpolated](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileExactWeightedInterpolated)\n      - [quantileGK](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileGK)\n      - [quantileInterpolatedWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantileInterpolatedWeighted)\n      - [quantilePrometheusHistogram](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilePrometheusHistogram)\n      - [quantileTDigest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiletdigest)\n      - [quantileTDigestWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiletdigestweighted)\n      - [quantileTiming](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiletiming)\n      - [quantileTimingWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiletimingweighted)\n      - [quantiles Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantiles)\n      - [quantilesExactExclusive](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilesExactExclusive)\n      - [quantilesExactInclusive](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilesExactInclusive)\n      - [quantilesGK](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilesGK)\n      - [quantilesTimingWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/quantilestimingweighted)\n      - [rankCorr](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/rankCorr)\n      - [simpleLinearRegression](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/simplelinearregression)\n      - [singleValueOrNull](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/singlevalueornull)\n      - [skewPop](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/skewpop)\n      - [skewSamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/skewsamp)\n      - [sparkbar](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/sparkbar)\n      - [stddevPop](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stddevpop)\n      - [stddevPopStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stddevpopstable)\n      - [stddevSamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stddevsamp)\n      - [stddevSampStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stddevsampstable)\n      - [stochasticLinearRegression](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stochasticlinearregression)\n      - [stochasticLogisticRegression](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/stochasticlogisticregression)\n      - [studentTTest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/studentttest)\n      - [studentTTestOneSample](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/studentttestonesample)\n      - [sum](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/sum)\n      - [sumCount](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/sumcount)\n      - [sumKahan](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/sumkahan)\n      - [sumMapWithOverflow](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/summapwithoverflow)\n      - [sumMap](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/summap)\n      - [sumWithOverflow](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/sumwithoverflow)\n      - [theilsU](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/theilsu)\n      - [timeSeriesChangesToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesChangesToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesDeltaToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesDeltaToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesDerivToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesDerivToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesGroupArray](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesGroupArray)\n      - [timeSeriesInstantDeltaToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesInstantDeltaToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesInstantRateToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesInstantRateToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesLastTwoSamples](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesLastTwoSamples)\n      - [timeSeriesPredictLinearToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesPredictLinearToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesRateToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesRateToGrid)\n      - [timeSeriesResampleToGridWithStaleness](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesResampleToGridWithStaleness)\n      - [timeSeriesResetsToGrid](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/timeSeriesResetsToGrid)\n      - [topK](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/topk)\n      - [topKWeighted](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/topkweighted)\n      - [uniq](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniq)\n      - [uniqCombined](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniqcombined)\n      - [uniqCombined64](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniqcombined64)\n      - [uniqExact](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniqexact)\n      - [uniqHLL12](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniqhll12)\n      - [uniqTheta](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/uniqthetasketch)\n      - [varPop](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/varPop)\n      - [varPopStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/varpopstable)\n      - [varSamp](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/varSamp)\n      - [varSampStable](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/varsampstable)\n      - [welchTTest](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/welchttest)\n    - [Combinators](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/combinators)\n    - [Parametric](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/parametric-functions)\n    - [GROUPING](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/grouping_function)\n    - [Combinator examples](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/examples\/aggregate-function-combinators\/anyIf)\n  - [Table functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/table-functions)\n  - [Window functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/window-functions)\n- [Formats](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/interfaces\/formats)\n- [Data Lakes](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/datalakes)\n\n- [Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/functions)\n- [Aggregate functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions)\n- [Aggregate Functions](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference)\n- groupConcat\n\n[Edit this page](https:\/\/github.com\/ClickHouse\/ClickHouse\/tree\/master\/docs\/en\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupConcat.md)\n\n# groupConcat\n## groupConcat[](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat#groupConcat \"Direct link to groupConcat\")\nIntroduced in: v24.8.0\n\nCalculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements.\n\nNote\n\nIf delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit.\n\nAlso, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only.\n\n**Syntax**\n```\ngroupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression)\n```\n**Aliases**: `group_concat`\n\n**Parameters**\n\n- `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n- `limit` — A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional. [`UInt*`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/int-uint)\n\n**Arguments**\n\n- `expression` — The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n- `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n\n**Returned value**\n\nReturns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n\n**Examples**\n\n**Basic usage without a delimiter**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohnJaneBob\n```\n**Using comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax)**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane, Bob\n```\n**Using comma as a delimiter (argument syntax)**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane, Bob\n```\n**Limiting the number of concatenated elements**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane\n```\n\n[Previous groupBitmapXor](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupbitmapxor)\n\n[Next groupUniqArray](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupuniqarray)\n\n- [groupConcat](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat#groupConcat)\n\nWas this page helpful?\n\n© 2016–2026 ClickHouse, Inc.\n\n[Trademark](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/trademark-policy)·[Privacy](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/privacy-policy)·[Security](https:\/\/trust.clickhouse.com\/)·[Terms of Service](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/agreements\/terms-of-service)\n\n![](https:\/\/static.scarf.sh\/a.png?x-pxid=e6377503-591b-4886-9398-e69c7fee0b91)\n\n© 2016–2026 ClickHouse, Inc.\n\n[Trademark](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/trademark-policy)·[Privacy](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/privacy-policy)·[Security](https:\/\/trust.clickhouse.com\/)·[Terms of Service](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/legal\/agreements\/terms-of-service)\n\n![](https:\/\/static.scarf.sh\/a.png?x-pxid=e6377503-591b-4886-9398-e69c7fee0b91)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## groupConcat[](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/aggregate-functions\/reference\/groupconcat#groupConcat \"Direct link to groupConcat\")\nIntroduced in: v24.8.0\n\nCalculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements.\n\nNote\n\nIf delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit.\n\nAlso, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only.\n\n**Syntax**\n```\ngroupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression)\n```\n**Aliases**: `group_concat`\n\n**Parameters**\n\n- `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n- `limit` — A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional. [`UInt*`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/int-uint)\n\n**Arguments**\n\n- `expression` — The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n- `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n\n**Returned value**\n\nReturns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value. [`String`](https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/docs\/sql-reference\/data-types\/string)\n\n**Examples**\n\n**Basic usage without a delimiter**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohnJaneBob\n```\n**Using comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax)**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane, Bob\n```\n**Using comma as a delimiter (argument syntax)**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane, Bob\n```\n**Limiting the number of concatenated elements**\n```\nSELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees;\n```\n```\nJohn, Jane\n```","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat
Last Crawled	2026-03-17 05:48:49 (26 days ago)
First Indexed	2025-02-26 03:42:43 (1 year ago)
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Meta Title	groupConcat \| ClickHouse Docs
Meta Description	Calculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	groupConcat Introduced in: v24.8.0 Calculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements. Note If delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit. Also, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only. Syntax groupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression) Aliases : group_concat Parameters delimiter — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified. String limit — A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional. UInt* Arguments expression — The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated. String delimiter — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified. String Returned value Returns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value. String Examples Basic usage without a delimiter SELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees; JohnJaneBob Using comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax) SELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees; John, Jane, Bob Using comma as a delimiter (argument syntax) SELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees; John, Jane, Bob Limiting the number of concatenated elements SELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees; John, Jane
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[Parametric](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/parametric-functions) - [GROUPING](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/grouping_function) - [Combinator examples](https://clickhouse.com/docs/examples/aggregate-function-combinators/anyIf) - [Table functions](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/table-functions) - [Window functions](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/window-functions) - [Formats](https://clickhouse.com/docs/interfaces/formats) - [Data Lakes](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/datalakes) - [Functions](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/functions) - [Aggregate functions](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions) - [Aggregate Functions](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference) - groupConcat [Edit this page](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/tree/master/docs/en/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupConcat.md) # groupConcat ## groupConcat[](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat#groupConcat "Direct link to groupConcat") Introduced in: v24.8.0 Calculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements. Note If delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit. Also, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only. Syntax ``` groupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression) ``` Aliases: `group_concat` Parameters - `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) - `limit` — A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional. [`UInt`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/int-uint) Arguments* - `expression` — The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) - `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) Returned value Returns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) Examples Basic usage without a delimiter ``` SELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` JohnJaneBob ``` Using comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax) ``` SELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane, Bob ``` Using comma as a delimiter (argument syntax) ``` SELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane, Bob ``` Limiting the number of concatenated elements ``` SELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane ``` [Previous groupBitmapXor](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupbitmapxor) [Next groupUniqArray](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupuniqarray) - [groupConcat](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat#groupConcat) Was this page helpful? © 2016–2026 ClickHouse, Inc. 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Readable Markdown	## groupConcat[](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/reference/groupconcat#groupConcat "Direct link to groupConcat") Introduced in: v24.8.0 Calculates a concatenated string from a group of strings, optionally separated by a delimiter, and optionally limited by a maximum number of elements. Note If delimiter is specified without limit, it must be the first parameter. If both delimiter and limit are specified, delimiter must precede limit. Also, if different delimiters are specified as parameters and arguments, the delimiter from arguments will be used only. Syntax ``` groupConcat[(delimiter [, limit])](expression) ``` Aliases: `group_concat` Parameters - `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string if not specified. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) - `limit` — A positive integer specifying the maximum number of elements to concatenate. If more elements are present, excess elements are ignored. This parameter is optional. [`UInt`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/int-uint) Arguments* - `expression` — The expression or column name that outputs strings to be concatenated. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) - `delimiter` — A string that will be used to separate concatenated values. This parameter is optional and defaults to an empty string or delimiter from parameters if not specified. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) Returned value Returns a string consisting of the concatenated values of the column or expression. If the group has no elements or only null elements, and the function does not specify a handling for only null values, the result is a nullable string with a null value. [`String`](https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/data-types/string) Examples Basic usage without a delimiter ``` SELECT groupConcat(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` JohnJaneBob ``` Using comma as a delimiter (parameter syntax) ``` SELECT groupConcat(', ')(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane, Bob ``` Using comma as a delimiter (argument syntax) ``` SELECT groupConcat(Name, ', ') FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane, Bob ``` Limiting the number of concatenated elements ``` SELECT groupConcat(', ', 2)(Name) FROM Employees; ``` ``` John, Jane ```
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