🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 180 (from laksa177)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa180.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/","crawl_time":1774562073,"first_indexed_time":1695735194,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"edu,mit!catalog,\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/ s443","src_root_hash":"10722954425220430980","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program | MIT Course Catalog","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Overview\nGraduate\nFaculty\/Staff\nSubjects\nFounded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering.\nThe program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise.\nOur MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\nAlumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV\/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action.\nHST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the\nInstitute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES)\nand represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society.\nHST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study:\nMedical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School)\nMedical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program\nGraduate Study\nMedical Sciences (HST MD Program)\nIs this program a good fit for me?\nHST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\nHalf of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology.\nHow is the HST MD program different from other MD programs?\nHST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist.\nWhat degree will I earn?\nHST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School.\nWhat can I do with this degree?\nGraduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\nWhat can I expect?\nIn their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings.\nThey will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students.\nBeginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting.\nHow long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST?\nThe HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum.\nCan the HST MD be combined with other degree programs?\nMany HST MD students join the Harvard\/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). \nMore information\ncan be found on the program website.\nTo learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the \nHST program overview\non Harvard Medical School’s website.\nMedical Engineering and Medical Physics\nIs this program a good fit for me?\nHST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\nHow is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs?\nEach MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice.\nWhat degree will I earn?\nMEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences.\nWhat can I do with this degree?\nLead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine.\nHow long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program?\nSimilar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years.\nWhat can I expect?\nMEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area.\nIn parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students.\nWith that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care.\nMEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice:  academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector.\nA two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation.\nFinally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals.\nAdditional Application Information\nNeuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the\nMEMP website\n.\nInquiries\nVisit the website\nor\nemail HST\nfor additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid.\nFaculty and Teaching Staff\nCollin M. Stultz, MD, PhD\nNina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nAssociate Director,  Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nCo-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program\nProfessors\nElfar Adalsteinsson, PhD\nEaton-Peabody Professor\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nDaniel Griffith Anderson, PhD\nJoseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n(On sabbatical, spring)\nBonnie Berger, PhD\nSimons Professor\nProfessor of Mathematics\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\nSangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD\nJohn J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLydia Bourouiba, PhD\nProfessor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nEmery N. Brown, MD, PhD\nEdward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering\nWarren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS\nProfessor of Computational Neuroscience\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nArup K. Chakraborty, PhD\nJohn M. Deutch Institute Professor\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\nProfessor of Chemistry\nProfessor of Physics\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nKwanghun Chung, PhD\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\nProfessor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nJames J. Collins, PhD\nTermeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nElazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD\nEdward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\nProfessor of Medicine, HMS\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nJohn D. E. Gabrieli, PhD\nGrover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\nProfessor of Cognitive Neuroscience\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLee Gehrke, PhD\nHermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\nProfessor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nMartha L. Gray, PhD\nWhitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nThomas Heldt, PhD\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nAssociate Director,  Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nRobert Langer, ScD\nDavid H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLeonid A. Mirny, PhD\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics\nProfessor of Physics\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nDava Newman, PhD\nApollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n(On leave, fall)\nDavid C. Page, MD\nProfessor of Biology\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\nEllen Roche, PhD\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nAssociate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering\nAlex K. Shalek, PhD\nJ. W. Kieckhefer Professor\nProfessor of Chemistry\nDirector,  Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nCharles G. Sodini, PhD\nClarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nDavid A. Sontag, PhD\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n(On leave, fall)\nPeter Szolovits, PhD\nProfessor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nIoannis V. Yannas, PhD\nProfessor of Polymer Science and Engineering\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\nAssociate Professors\nMarzyeh Ghassemi, PhD\nThe Germeshausen Career Development Professor\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLaura D. Lewis, PhD\nAthinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n(On leave, spring)\nTami Lieberman, PhD\nHermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor\nAssociate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLonnie Petersen, MD, PhD\nSamuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology\nAssociate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nSenior Lecturers\nHenrike Besche, PhD\nSenior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nLecturers\nSonal Jhaveri, PhD\nLecturer,  Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nWilliam M. Kettyle, MD\nLecturer,  Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nHST Affiliated Faculty\nAna Paula Abreu, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\nAaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\nPierre Ankomah, MD, PhD\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\nDaniel Bauer, MD, PhD\nDonald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\nBerkin Bilgic, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\nJoseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD\nSamuel A. Levine Professor\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\nBrett Bouma, PhD\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\nMary L. Bouxsein, PhD\nProfessor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC\nSydney S. Cash, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Neurology, MGH\nElliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD\nJohnson and Johnson Professor\nProfessor of Surgery, BIDMC\nYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\nGeorge M. Church, PhD\nRobert Winthrop Professor\nProfessor of Genetics, HMS\nGeorge Daley, MD, PhD\nCaroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH\nDean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS\nProfessor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\nStan N. Finkelstein, MD\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\nStuart A. Forman, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, MGH\nJason Aaron Freed, MD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\nMatthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\nGaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\nGeorg K. Gerber, MD, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Pathology, BWH\nRajat M. Gupta, MD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\nTayyaba Hasan, PhD\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\nHoward M. Heller, MPH, MD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\nMiguel Hernan, MD, DrPH\nKolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH\nRandy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Psychiatry, MGH\nPaul L. Huang, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\nDavid Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Radiology, MGH\nFelipe Jain, MD\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH\nRakesh K. Jain, PhD\nA. Werk Cook Professor\nProfessor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH\nUrsula B. Kaiser, MD\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\nSanjat Kanjilal, MD\nAssistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI\nJeffrey M. Karp, PhD\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, BWH\nIsaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD\nMarion V. Nelson Professor\nProfessor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\nAnastasia Herta Koniaris, MD\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC\nTrevin Lau, MD\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH\nMohini Lutchman, PhD\nLecturer on Neurobiology, HMS\nRichard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS\nSahar Nissim, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\nLauren O’Donnell, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, BWH\nTimothy P. Padera, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH\nShiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\nBruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD\nLaurence Lamson Robbins Professor\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\nElizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE\nDouglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\nSol Schulman, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\nShiladitya Sengupta, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\nAnn K. Shinn, MD\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean\nHarvey B. Simon, MD\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\nDavid Sosnovik, MD\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\nMyron Spector, PhD\nProfessor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH\/VAMC-Boston\nJudith M. Strymish, MD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston\nSteven M. Stufflebeam, MD\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\nJoshua Tam, PhD\nInstructor in Dermatology, MGH\nGuillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\nNii Ashitey Tetteh, MD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\nDavid Tsai Ting, MD\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\nMehmet Toner, PhD\nHelen Andrus Benedict Professor\nProfessor of Surgery, MGH\nBenjamin Vakoc, PhD\nAssociate Professor of Dermatology, MGH\nAllson S. Vise, MD\nInstructor in Medicine, BWH\nInternist, Department of Medicine, BWH\nSrinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\nLawrence L. Wald, PhD\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\nM. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD\nEmily Fisher Landau Professor\nProfessor of Neurology, BIDMC\nSeok-Hyun Yun, PhD\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\nJoshua Charles Ziperstein, MD\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\nProfessors Emeriti\nGeorge B. Benedek, PhD\nAlfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus\nProfessor Emeritus of Biological Physics\nRichard J. Cohen, MD, PhD\nProfessor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering\nRoger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\nThomas F. Weiss, PhD\nProfessor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\nIMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects (\nHST.011\n-\nHST.200\n)*:\nStudents not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. *\nHST.163\nand\nHST.198\nare NOT included in the two-course limit.\nHST.010 Human Functional Anatomy\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under\nHST.010\n, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee.\nT. Van Houten, R. Mitchell\nHST.011 Human Functional Anatomy\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under\nHST.010\n, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students.\nT. Van Houten, R. Mitchell\nHST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under\nHST.016\n, which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nC. M. Stultz\nHST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under\nHST.016\n, which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nC. M. Stultz\nHST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in\nHST.017\n. Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under\nHST.018\n, which is graded P\/D\/F.\nC. M. Stultz\nHST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in\nHST.017\n. Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under\nHST.018\n, which is graded P\/D\/F.\nC. M. Stultz\nHST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under\nHST.020\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\nM. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas\nHST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under\nHST.020\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\nM. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas\nHST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New)\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\nM. Dougan\nHST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New)\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\nD. Vyas\nHST.030 Human Pathology\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under\nHST.030\n, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students.\nR. N. Mitchell, R. Padera\nHST.031 Human Pathology\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under\nHST.030\n, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\nR. N. Mitchell, R. Padera\nHST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis\nDeals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\nK. Hysell\nHST.060 Endocrinology\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited.\nW. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu\nHST.061 Endocrinology\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under\nHST.060\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nW. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu\nHST.071 Human Reproductive Biology\nLectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P\/D\/F.\nD. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier\nHST.081 Hematology\nIntensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited.\nD. Bauer, S. Schulman\nHST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under\nHST.090\n, graded P\/D\/F.\nC. Stultz, T. Heldt\nHST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under\nHST.090\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nC. Stultz, T. Heldt\nHST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under\nHST.100\n, graded P\/D\/F.\nC. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert\nHST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under\nHST.100\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nC. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert\nHST.110 Renal Pathophysiology\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under\nHST.110\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nG. McMahon, M. Yeung\nHST.111 Renal Pathophysiology\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under\nHST.110\n, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nG. McMahon, M. Yeung\nHST.121 Gastroenterology\nPresents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nA. Rutherford, S. Flier\nHST.130 Neuroscience\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students.\nJ. Assad, M. Frosch\nHST.131 Neuroscience\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under\nHST.130\n, graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 50.\nJ. Assad, M. Frosch\nHST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism\nFirst-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\nR. Sharma\nHST.151 Principles of Pharmacology\nCovers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students.\nS. Forman\nHST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under\nHST.160\n, graded P\/D\/F.\nS. Nissim, R. Gupta\nHST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under\nHST.160\n, graded P\/D\/F.\nS. Nissim, R. Gupta\nHST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and\nHST.191\nrecommended. Only HST students may register under\nHST.162\n, P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\nG. Gerber, L. Li\nHST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and\nHST.191\nrecommended. Only HST students may register under\nHST.162\n, P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\nG. Gerber, L. Li\nHST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics.  Only HST students may register under\nHST.164\n, P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\nD. Sosnovik, S. Huang\nHST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics.  Only HST students may register under\nHST.164\n, P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\nS. Huang, D. Sosnovik\nHST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in\nHST.164\nwith an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations,  and intermediate-level physics.  Only HST students may register under\nHST.166\n, P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n<em>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik<\/em>\nHST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in\nHST.164\nwith an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations,  and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under\nHST.166\n, P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n<em>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik<\/em>\nHST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45.\nS. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong\nHST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under\nHST.175\n, graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 45.\nS. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong\nHST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics\nProvides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program.\nN.  Hejazi\nHST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference\nTeaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making.\nHST.191\nrecommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students.\nM. B. Westover\nHST.195 Clinical Epidemiology\nIntroduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\nM. Hernan\nHST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology\nProvides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students.\nHST Faculty\nHST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology\nOpportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.�\nHST Faculty\nHST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine\nIntensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students.\nD. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise\nHST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I\nDevelop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into\nHST.202\nmust be continued at the same hospital as\nHST.201\n. Restricted to MEMP students.\nC. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio\nHST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II\nStrengthens the skills developed in\nHST.201\nthrough a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students.\nC. Stultz, J. Strymish\nHST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering\nIntroduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural\/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences.  Restricted to HST MEMP students.\nFall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche\nSpring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch\nHST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients\nProvides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor.\nN. Tetteh\nHST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship\nIndividually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program.\nE. Edelman\nHST.420[J] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology\nSee description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited.\nR. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard\nHST.431[J] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health\nSee description under subject\n11.134[J]\n. Limited to 25.\nE. James, A. Chakraborty\nHST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad)\nExamines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors.  Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details.\nH. Heller, B. Walker\nHST.438[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take\nHST.439[J]\n.\nA. Chakraborty\nHST.439[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world.\nHST.438[J]\nintended for first-year students; all others should take\nHST.439[J]\n.\nA. Chakraborty\nHST.450[J] Biological Physics\nSee description under subject\n8.593[J]\n.\nG. Benedek\nHST.452[J] Statistical Physics in Biology\nA survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution.\nM. Kardar, L. Mirny\nHST.460[J] Statistics for Neuroscience Research\nSee description under subject\n9.073[J]\n.\nE. N. Brown\nHST.482[J] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing\nSee description under subject 6.8801J.\nJ. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells\nHST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics\nProvides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering\/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews.\nS. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri\nHST.504[J] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology\nSee description under subject\n18.418[J]\n.\nB. Berger\nHST.506[J] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences\nSee description under subject 6.8710J.\nD. K. Gifford\nHST.507[J] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution\nSee description under subject 6.8700J.\nE. Alm, M. Kellis\nHST.508[J] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics\nDevelops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles.\nL. Mirny, T. Lieberman\nHST.515[J] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering\nSee description under subject\n16.423[J]\n.\nD. J. Newman\nHST.518[J] Human Systems Engineering\nSee description under subject\n16.453[J]\n.\nL. A. Stirling\nHST.522[J] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions\nPrinciples of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices\/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the \"unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials\/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs.\nI. V. Yannas, M. Spector\nHST.523[J] Cell-Matrix Mechanics\nSee description under subject\n2.785[J]\n.\nI. V. Yannas, M. Spector\nHST.524[J] Design of Medical Devices and Implants\nSee description under subject\n2.782[J]\n.\nI. V. Yannas, M. Spector\nHST.525[J] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach\nProvides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment.\nR. K. Jain, L. Munn\nHST.526[J] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics\nSee description under subject\n10.643[J]\n. Limited to 40.\nD. G. Anderson\nHST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy\nAcceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced\nin-vivo\ndosimetry methods, including PET\/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital.\nB. Winey, J. Schuemann\nHST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy\nIntroduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography\/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital.\nB. Winey, J. Schuemann\nHST.535[J] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration\nPrinciples and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular\/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues\/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies.\nM. Spector\nHST.537[J] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease\nSee description under subject\n1.631[J]\n.\nL. Bourouiba\nHST.538[J] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease\nSee description under subject\n1.881[J]\n.\nT. Lieberman\nHST.539[J] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease\nSee description under subject\n5.64[J]\n.\nA. Shalek, X. Wang\nHST.540[J] Human Physiology\nSee description under subject\n7.20[J]\n.\nM. Krieger, O. Yilmaz\nHST.541[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing\nSee description under subject 6.4812J.\nJ. Han, T. Heldt\nHST.542[J] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology\nSee description under subject 6.4820J.\nT. Heldt, R. G. Mark\nHST.552[J] Medical Device Design\nSee description under subject\n2.75[J]\n. Enrollment limited.\nA. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes\nHST.560[J] Radiation Biophysics\nSee description under subject\n22.55[J]\n.\nStaff\nHST.562[J] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems\nIntroduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological\/molecular\/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15.\nK. Chung\nHST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications\nIntroduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application.\nC. Catana\nHST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications\nCovers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic\/molecular imaging.\nHST Faculty\nHST.576[J] Topics in Neural Signal Processing\nSee description under subject\n9.272[J]\n.\nE. N. Brown\nHST.580[J] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI\nSee description under subject 6.8810J.\nE. Adalsteinsson\nHST.582[J] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing\nSee description under subject 6.8800J.\nJ. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells\nHST.583[J] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis\nProvides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH\/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful.\nJ. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen\nHST.584[J] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques\nIntroduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included.\nL. Wald, B. Bilgic\nHST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series\nSeminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations.\nHST Faculty\nHST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology\nFor students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students.\nConsult Faculty\nHST.714[J] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing\nIntroduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered.\nS. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria\nHST.716[J] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception\nSee description under subject 6.8830J.\nL. D. Braida\nHST.723[J] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition\nNeural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar.\nJ. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown\nHST.728[J] Spoken Language Processing\nSee description under subject 6.8620J.\nJ. R. Glass\nHST.916[J] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development\nSee description under subject\n20.486[J]\n.\nA. W. Wood\nHST.918[J] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries\nSee description under subject\n15.141[J]\n.\nJ. Doyle\nHST.920[J] Principles and Practice of Drug Development\nSee description under subject\n15.136[J]\n.\nS. Finkelstein\nHST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking\nHST.936\n,\nHST.937\nand\nHST.938\nattend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ.\nHST.936\nhas no laboratory.\nL. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai\nHST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking\nHST.936\n,\nHST.937\nand\nHST.938\nattend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ.\nHST.936\nhas no laboratory.\nL. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai\nHST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking\nHST.936\n,\nHST.937\nand\nHST.938\nattend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ.\nHST.936\nhas no laboratory.\nL. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai\nHST.940[J] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications\nSee description under subject\n10.555[J]\n.\nGr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos\nHST.953[J] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments\nExamines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling \"implementation science,\" which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science.\nM. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb\nHST.956[J] Machine Learning for Healthcare\nSee description under subject 6.7930J.\nD. Sontag, P. Szolovits\nHST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research\nExplores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design.\nM. Cima\nHST.971[J] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures\nSee description under subject\n15.363[J]\n.\nJ. Fleming, A. Zarur\nHST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare\nThrough a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities\/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows.\nM. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera\nHST.978[J] Healthcare Ventures\nAddresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation\/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students.\nM. Gray, Z. Chu\nHST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases\nIntroduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions.\nJ. J. Collins\nHST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology\nRequired for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions.\nJ. Greenberg\nHST.THG Graduate Thesis\nProgram of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor.\nFaculty\nHST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\nHST Faculty\nHST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\nHST Faculty\nHST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nHST Faculty\nHST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nIMES\/HST Faculty\nHST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\nP. Cariani\nHST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST\/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\nHST\/IMES Faculty\nHST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\nHST Faculty\nHST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\nM. Gray, F. Murray\nHST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. 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[Simons Center for the Social Brain](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/mit\/research\/simons-center-social-brain\/)\n    - [Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/mit\/research\/singapore-mit-alliance-research-technology\/)\n    - [Sociotechnical Systems Research Center](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/mit\/research\/sociotechnical-systems-research-center\/)\n    - [Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/mit\/research\/whitehead-institute-biomedical-research\/)\n    - [Women's and Gender Studies Program](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/mit\/research\/womens-gender-studies-program\/)\n- [Schools and College](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/)\n  \n  Toggle Schools and College\n  - [School of Architecture and Planning](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/architecture-planning\/)\n    \n    Toggle School of Architecture and Planning\n    - [Architecture](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/architecture-planning\/architecture\/)\n      \n      Toggle Architecture\n      - [Architecture (SB, Course 4)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/architecture-course-4\/)\n      - [Architecture (MArch)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-architecture\/)\n      - [Art and Design (SB, Course 4-B)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/architecture-course-4-b\/)\n      - [Art, Culture, and Technology (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-art-culture-technology\/)\n      - [Architecture Studies (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-architecture-studies\/)\n    - [Media Arts and Sciences](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/architecture-planning\/media-arts-sciences\/)\n    - [Urban Studies and Planning](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/architecture-planning\/urban-studies-planning\/)\n      \n      Toggle Urban Studies and Planning\n      - [Planning (SB, Course 11)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/planning-course-11\/)\n      - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6\/)\n  - [School of Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/)\n    \n    Toggle School of Engineering\n    - [Aeronautics and Astronautics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/aeronautics-astronautics\/)\n      \n      Toggle Aeronautics and Astronautics\n      - [Aeronautics and Astronautics Fields (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-aeronautics-astronautics\/)\n      - [Aerospace Engineering (SB, Course 16)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/aerospace-engineering-course-16\/)\n      - [Engineering (SB, Course 16-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-aeronautics-astronautics-course-16-eng\/)\n    - [Biological Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/biological-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Biological Engineering\n      - [Biological Engineering (SB, Course 20)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/biological-engineering-course-20\/)\n      - [Biological Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-biological-engineering\/)\n    - [Chemical Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/chemical-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Chemical Engineering\n      - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-engineering-course-10\/)\n      - [Chemical-Biological Engineering (SB, Course 10-B)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-biological-engineering-course-10-b\/)\n      - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-engineering-course-10-c\/)\n      - [Engineering (SB, Course 10-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-chemical-engineering-course-10-eng\/)\n    - [Civil and Environmental Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/civil-environmental-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Civil and Environmental Engineering\n      - [Engineering (SB, Course 1-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1-eng\/)\n      - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1p\/)\n    - [Data, Systems, and Society](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/data-systems-society\/)\n    - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/electrical-engineering-computer-science\/)\n      \n      Toggle Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n      - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computation-cognition-6-9\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Engineering (SB, Course 6-3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-engineering-course-6-3\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7\/)\n      - [Electrical Engineering with Computing (Course 6-5)](https:\/\/catalog-dev.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/electrical-engineering-computing-course-6-5\/)\n      - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6\/)\n      - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-electrical-engineering-computer-science-course-6-p\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p\/)\n    - [Health Sciences and Technology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/)\n    - [Materials Science and Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/materials-science-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Materials Science and Engineering\n      - [Archaeology and Materials (SB, Course 3-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/archaeology-materials-course-3-c\/)\n      - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/materials-science-engineering-course-3\/)\n      - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3-A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/materials-science-engineering-course-3-a\/)\n      - [Materials Science and Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-materials-science-engineering\/)\n    - [Mechanical Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/mechanical-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Mechanical Engineering\n      - [Mechanical Engineering (SB, Course 2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-engineering-course-2\/)\n      - [Mechanical and Ocean Engineering (SB, Course 2-OE)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-ocean-engineering-course-2-oe\/)\n      - [Engineering (SB, Course 2-A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-engineering-course-2-a\/)\n    - [Nuclear Science and Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/nuclear-science-engineering\/)\n      \n      Toggle Nuclear Science and Engineering\n      - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (SB, Course 22)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/nuclear-science-engineering-course-22\/)\n      - [Engineering (SB, Course 22-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-nuclear-science-engineering-course-22-eng\/)\n  - [School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/)\n    \n    Toggle School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences\n    - [Anthropology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/anthropology\/)\n      \n      Toggle Anthropology\n      - [Anthropology (SB, Course 21A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/anthropology-course-21a\/)\n    - [Comparative Media Studies\/Writing](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/comparative-media-studies-writing\/)\n      \n      Toggle Comparative Media Studies\/Writing\n      - [Comparative Media Studies (SB, CMS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/comparative-media-studies-cms\/)\n      - [Writing (SB, Course 21W)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/writing-course-21w\/)\n    - [Economics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/economics\/)\n      \n      Toggle Economics\n      - [Data, Economics, and Design of Policy (MASc)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-applied-science-data-economics-development-policy\/)\n      - [Economics (SB, Course 14-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/economics-course-14\/)\n      - [Economics (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-economics\/)\n      - [Mathematical Economics (SB, Course 14-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematical-economics-course-14-2\/)\n    - [Global Languages](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/global-studies-languages\/)\n      \n      Toggle Global Languages\n      - [Global Studies and Languages (SB, Course 21G)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/global-studies-languages-course-21g\/)\n    - [History](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/history\/)\n      \n      Toggle History\n      - [History (SB, Course 21H)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/history-course-21h\/)\n    - [Humanities](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/humanities\/)\n    - [Linguistics and Philosophy](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/linguistics-philosophy\/)\n      \n      Toggle Linguistics and Philosophy\n      - [Linguistics and Philosophy (SB, Course 24-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/linguistics-philosophy-course-24-2\/)\n      - [Philosophy (SB, Course 24-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/philosophy-course-24-1\/)\n      - [Linguistics (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/sm-linguistics\/)\n    - [Literature](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/literature\/)\n      \n      Toggle Literature\n      - [Literature (SB, Course 21L)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/literature-course-21l\/)\n    - [Music and Theater Arts](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/music-theater-arts\/)\n      \n      Toggle Music and Theater Arts\n      - [Music (SB, Course 21M)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/music-course-21m\/)\n      - [Theater Arts (SB, Course 21T)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/theater-arts-course-21t\/)\n    - [Political Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/political-science\/)\n      \n      Toggle Political Science\n      - [Political Science (SB, Course 17)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/political-science-course-17\/)\n    - [Science, Technology, and Society](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/humanities-arts-social-sciences\/science-technology-society\/)\n      \n      Toggle Science, Technology, and Society\n      - [Science, Technology, and Society\/Second Major (SB, STS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/science-technology-society-sts\/)\n  - [MIT Sloan School of Management](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/sloan-management\/)\n    \n    Toggle MIT Sloan School of Management\n    - [Management](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/sloan-management\/management\/)\n      \n      Toggle Management\n      - [Business Analytics (SB, Course 15-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/business-analytics-course-15-2\/)\n      - [Finance (SB, Course 15-3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/finance-course-15-3\/)\n      - [Management (SB, Course 15-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/management-course-15-1\/)\n  - [School of Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/)\n    \n    Toggle School of Science\n    - [Biology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/biology\/)\n      \n      Toggle Biology\n      - [Biology (SB, Course 7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/biology-course-7\/)\n      - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemistry-biology-course-5-7\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p\/)\n    - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/brain-cognitive-sciences\/)\n      \n      Toggle Brain and Cognitive Sciences\n      - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (SB, Course 9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/brain-cognitive-sciences-course-9\/)\n      - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computation-cognition-6-9\/)\n    - [Chemistry](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/chemistry\/)\n      \n      Toggle Chemistry\n      - [Chemistry (SB, Course 5)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemistry-course-5\/)\n      - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemistry-biology-course-5-7\/)\n    - [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences\/)\n      \n      Toggle Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences\n      - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (SB, Course 12)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences-course-12\/)\n    - [Mathematics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/mathematics\/)\n      \n      Toggle Mathematics\n      - [Mathematics (SB, Course 18)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematics-course-18\/)\n      - [Mathematics (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-mathematics\/)\n      - [Mathematics with Computer Science (SB, Course 18-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematics-computer-science-course-18-c\/)\n    - [Physics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/science\/physics\/)\n      \n      Toggle Physics\n      - [Physics (SB, Course 8)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/physics-course-8\/)\n  - [MIT Schwarzman College of Computing](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/mit-schwarzman-college-computing\/)\n    \n    Toggle MIT Schwarzman College of Computing\n    - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/mit-schwarzman-college-computing\/electrical-engineering-computer-science\/)\n    - [Data, Systems, and Society](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/mit-schwarzman-college-computing\/data-systems-society\/)\n- [Interdisciplinary Programs](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/)\n  \n  Toggle Interdisciplinary Programs\n  - [Undergraduate Programs](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/)\n    \n    Toggle Undergraduate Programs\n    - [Degrees](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/)\n      \n      Toggle Degrees\n      - [Chemistry and Biology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/chemistry-biology\/)\n      - [Climate System Science and Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/climate-system-science-engineering\/)\n      - [Computation and Cognition](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/computation-cognition\/)\n      - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/computer-science-molecular-biology\/)\n      - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/computer-science-economics-data-science\/)\n      - [Humanities](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/humanities\/)\n      - [Humanities and Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/humanities-engineering\/)\n      - [Humanities and Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/humanities-science\/)\n      - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/degrees\/urban-science-planning-computer-science\/)\n    - [Minors](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/)\n      \n      Toggle Minors\n      - [African and African Diaspora Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/minor-african-studies\/)\n      - [American Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/minor-american-studies\/)\n      - [Ancient and Medieval Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/ancient-medieval-studies\/)\n      - [Applied International Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/applied-international-studies\/)\n      - [Asian and Asian Diaspora Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/asian-studies\/)\n      - [Astronomy](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/astronomy\/)\n      - [Biomedical Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/biomedical-engineering\/)\n      - [Energy Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/energy-studies\/)\n      - [Entrepreneurship and Innovation](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/entrepreneurship-innovation\/)\n      - [Environment and Sustainability](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/environment-sustainability\/)\n      - [Latin American and Latino\/a Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/latin-american-latino-studies\/)\n      - [Middle Eastern Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/middle-eastern-studies\/)\n      - [Polymers and Soft Matter](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/polymers-soft-matter\/)\n      - [Public Policy](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/public-policy\/)\n      - [Russian and Eurasian Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/russian-eurasian-studies\/)\n      - [Statistics and Data Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/statistics-data-science\/)\n      - [Women's and Gender Studies](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/undergraduate-programs\/minors\/womens-gender-studies\/)\n  - [Graduate Programs](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/)\n    \n    Toggle Graduate Programs\n    - [Advanced Urbanism](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/advanced-urbanism\/)\n    - [Computation and Cognition](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/computation-cognition\/)\n    - [Computational and Systems Biology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/computational-systems-biology\/)\n    - [Computational Science and Engineering](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/computational-science-engineering\/)\n    - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/computer-science-molecular-biology\/)\n    - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/computer-science-economics-data-science\/)\n    - [Health Sciences and Technology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/)\n    - [Joint Program with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/joint-program-woods-hole-oceanographic-institution\/)\n    - [Leaders for Global Operations](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/leaders-global-operations\/)\n    - [Microbiology](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/microbiology\/)\n    - [Music Technology and Computation](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/music-technology-computation\/)\n    - [Operations Research](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/operations-research\/)\n    - [Polymers and Soft Matter](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/polymers-soft-matter\/)\n    - [Real Estate Development](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/real-estate-development\/)\n    - [Social and Engineering Systems](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/social-engineering-systems\/)\n    - [Statistics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/phd-statistics\/)\n    - [Supply Chain Management](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/supply-chain-management\/)\n    - [System Design and Management](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/system-design-management\/)\n    - [Technology and Policy](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/technology-policy\/)\n    - [Transportation](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/interdisciplinary\/graduate-programs\/transportation\/)\n- [Degree Charts](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/)\n  \n  Toggle Degree Charts\n  - School of Architecture and Planning\n  - [Architecture (SB, Course 4)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/architecture-course-4\/)\n  - [Architecture (MArch)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-architecture\/)\n  - [Architecture Studies (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-architecture-studies\/)\n  - [Art and Design (SB, Course 4-B)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/architecture-course-4-b\/)\n  - [Art, Culture, and Technology (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-art-culture-technology\/)\n  - [City Planning (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-city-planning\/)\n  - [Planning (SB, Course 11)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/planning-course-11\/)\n  - School of Engineering\n  - [Aeronautics and Astronautics Fields (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-aeronautics-astronautics\/)\n  - [Aerospace Engineering (SB, Course 16)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/aerospace-engineering-course-16\/)\n  - [Archaeology and Materials (SB, Course 3-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/archaeology-materials-course-3-c\/)\n  - [Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making (SB, Course 6-4)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/artifical-intelligence-decision-making-course-6-4\/)\n  - [Biological Engineering (SB, Course 20)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/biological-engineering-course-20\/)\n  - [Biological Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-biological-engineering\/)\n  - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-civil-environmental-engineering\/)\n  - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-civil-environmental-engineering\/)\n  - [Chemical-Biological Engineering (SB, Course 10-B)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-biological-engineering-course-10-b\/)\n  - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-engineering-course-10\/)\n  - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemical-engineering-course-10-c\/)\n  - [Computer Science and Engineering (SB, Course 6-3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-engineering-course-6-3\/)\n  - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-electrical-engineering-computer-science-course-6-p\/)\n  - [Electrical Engineering with Computing (SB, Course 6-5)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/electrical-engineering-computing-course-6-5\/)\n  - [Engineering (SB, Course 1-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1-eng\/)\n  - [Engineering (SB, Course 2-A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-engineering-course-2-a\/)\n  - [Engineering (SB, Course 10-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-chemical-engineering-course-10-eng\/)\n  - [Engineering (SB, Course 16-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-aeronautics-astronautics-course-16-eng\/)\n  - [Engineering (SB, Course 22-ENG)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/engineering-nuclear-science-engineering-course-22-eng\/)\n  - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/materials-science-engineering-course-3\/)\n  - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3-A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/materials-science-engineering-course-3-a\/)\n  - [Materials Science and Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-materials-science-engineering\/)\n  - [Mechanical and Ocean Engineering (SB, Course 2-OE)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-ocean-engineering-course-2-oe\/)\n  - [Mechanical Engineering (SB, Course 2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mechanical-engineering-course-2\/)\n  - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (SB, Course 22)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/nuclear-science-engineering-course-22\/)\n  - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-nuclear-science-engineering\/)\n  - [Social and Engineering Systems (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-social-engineering-systems\/)\n  - School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences\n  - [Anthropology (SB, Course 21A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/anthropology-course-21a\/)\n  - [Comparative Media Studies (SB, CMS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/comparative-media-studies-cms\/)\n  - [Data, Economics, and Design of Policy (MASc)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-applied-science-data-economics-development-policy\/)\n  - [Economics (SB, Course 14-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/economics-course-14\/)\n  - [Economics (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-economics\/)\n  - [Global Studies and Languages (SB, Course 21G)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/global-studies-languages-course-21g\/)\n  - [History (SB, Course 21H)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/history-course-21h\/)\n  - [Humanities (SB, Course 21)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/humanities-course-21\/)\n  - [Humanities and Engineering (SB, Course 21E)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/humanities-engineering-course-21e\/)\n  - [Humanities and Science (SB, Course 21S)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/humanities-science-course-21s\/)\n  - [Linguistics (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/sm-linguistics\/)\n  - [Linguistics and Philosophy (SB, Course 24-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/linguistics-philosophy-course-24-2\/)\n  - [Literature (SB, Course 21L)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/literature-course-21l\/)\n  - [Mathematical Economics (SB, Course 14-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematical-economics-course-14-2\/)\n  - [Music (SB, Course 21M)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/music-course-21m\/)\n  - [Philosophy (SB, Course 24-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/philosophy-course-24-1\/)\n  - [Political Science (SB, Course 17)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/political-science-course-17\/)\n  - [Science, Technology, and Society\/Second Major (SB, STS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/science-technology-society-sts\/)\n  - [Science Writing (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-science-writing\/)\n  - [Theater Arts (SB, Course 21T)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/theater-arts-course-21t\/)\n  - [Writing (SB, Course 21W)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/writing-course-21w\/)\n  - Sloan School of Management\n  - [Business Analytics (SB, Course 15-2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/business-analytics-course-15-2\/)\n  - [Finance (SB, Course 15-3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/finance-course-15-3\/)\n  - [Management (SB, Course 15-1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/management-course-15-1\/)\n  - School of Science\n  - [Biology (SB, Course 7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/biology-course-7\/)\n  - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (SB, Course 9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/brain-cognitive-sciences-course-9\/)\n  - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-brain-cognitive-sciences\/)\n  - [Chemistry (SB, Course 5)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemistry-course-5\/)\n  - [Chemistry (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-chemistry\/)\n  - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (SB, Course 12)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences-course-12\/)\n  - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Fields (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences\/)\n  - [Mathematics (SB, Course 18)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematics-course-18\/)\n  - [Mathematics (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-mathematics\/)\n  - [Mathematics with Computer Science (SB, Course 18-C)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mathematics-computer-science-course-18-c\/)\n  - [Physics (SB, Course 8)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/physics-course-8\/)\n  - Interdisciplinary Programs (SB)\n  - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/chemistry-biology-course-5-7\/)\n  - [Climate System Science and Engineering (SB, Course 1-12)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/climate-system-science-engineering-course-1-12\/)\n  - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computation-cognition-6-9\/)\n  - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7\/)\n  - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science (SB, Course 6-14)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/computer-science-economics-data-science-course-6-14\/)\n  - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6\/)\n  - Interdisciplinary Programs (Graduate)\n  - [Biological Oceanography (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-biological-oceanography\/)\n  - [Computation and Cognition (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computation-cognition-course-6-9p\/)\n  - [Computational and Systems Biology (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-computational-systems-biology\/)\n  - [Computational Science and Engineering (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computational-science-engineering\/)\n  - [Computational Science and Engineering (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-computational-science-engineering\/)\n  - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p\/)\n  - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science (MEng)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-computer-science-economics-data-science-course-6-14-p\/)\n  - [Engineering and Management (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/sm-system-design-management\/)\n  - [Leaders for Global Operations (MBA\/SM and SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/mba-sm-leaders-global-operations\/)\n  - [Microbiology (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-microbiology\/)\n  - [Music Technology and Computation (SM and MASc)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-music-technology-computation\/)\n  - [Physical Oceanography (PhD\/ScD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-physical-oceanography\/)\n  - [Real Estate Development (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-real-estate-development\/)\n  - [Statistics (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/interdisciplinary-doctoral-statistics\/)\n  - [Supply Chain Management (MEng and MASc)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-supply-chain-management\/)\n  - [Technology and Policy (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-technology-policy\/)\n  - [Transportation (SM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/master-transportation\/)\n  - [Transportation (PhD)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/degree-charts\/phd-transportation\/)\n- [Subjects](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/)\n  \n  Toggle Subjects\n  - [Aeronautics and Astronautics (Course 16)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/16\/)\n  - [Aerospace Studies (AS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/as\/)\n  - [Anthropology (Course 21A)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21a\/)\n  - [Architecture (Course 4)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/4\/)\n  - [Biological Engineering (Course 20)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/20\/)\n  - [Biology (Course 7)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/7\/)\n  - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (Course 9)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/9\/)\n  - [Chemical Engineering (Course 10)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/10\/)\n  - [Chemistry (Course 5)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/5\/)\n  - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (Course 1)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/1\/)\n  - [Comparative Media Studies \/ Writing (CMS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/cms\/)\n  - [Comparative Media Studies \/ Writing (Course 21W)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21w\/)\n  - [Computational and Systems Biology (CSB)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/csb\/)\n  - [Computational Science and Engineering (CSE)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/cse\/)\n  - [Concourse (CC)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/cc\/)\n  - [Data, Systems, and Society (IDS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/ids\/)\n  - [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (Course 12)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/12\/)\n  - [Economics (Course 14)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/14\/)\n  - [Edgerton Center (EC)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/ec\/)\n  - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Course 6)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/6\/)\n  - [Engineering Management (EM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/em\/)\n  - [Experimental Study Group (ES)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/es\/)\n  - [Global Languages (Course 21G)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21g\/)\n  - [Health Sciences and Technology (HST)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/hst\/)\n  - [History (Course 21H)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21h\/)\n  - [Humanities (Course 21)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21\/)\n  - [Linguistics and Philosophy (Course 24)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/24\/)\n  - [Literature (Course 21L)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21l\/)\n  - [Management (Course 15)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/15\/)\n  - [Materials Science and Engineering (Course 3)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/3\/)\n  - [Mathematics (Course 18)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/18\/)\n  - [Mechanical Engineering (Course 2)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/2\/)\n  - [Media Arts and Sciences (MAS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/mas\/)\n  - [Military Science (MS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/ms\/)\n  - [Music (Course 21M)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21m\/)\n  - [Naval Science (NS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/ns\/)\n  - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (Course 22)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/22\/)\n  - [Physics (Course 8)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/8\/)\n  - [Political Science (Course 17)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/17\/)\n  - [Science, Technology, and Society (STS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/sts\/)\n  - [Special Programs](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/sp\/)\n  - [Supply Chain Management (SCM)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/scm\/)\n  - [Theater Arts (21T)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/21t\/)\n  - [Urban Studies and Planning (Course 11)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/11\/)\n  - [Women's and Gender Studies (WGS)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/subjects\/wgs\/)\n\n# Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program\n- [Overview](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#textcontainer)\n- [Graduate](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#graduatetextcontainer)\n- [Faculty\/Staff](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#facultystafftextcontainer)\n- [Subjects](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#subjectstextcontainer)\n\nFounded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering.\n\nThe program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise.\n\nOur MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\n\nAlumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV\/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action.\n\nHST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the [Institute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES)](http:\/\/imes.mit.edu\/) and represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society.\n\nHST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study:\n\n- Medical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School)\n- Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program\n\n[Medical Sciences](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#medical-sciences)\n\n[Medical Engineering and Medical Physics](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#medical-engineering-physics)\n## Graduate Study\n### Medical Sciences (HST MD Program)\n#### **Is this program a good fit for me?**\nHST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\n\nHalf of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology.\n\n#### **How is the HST MD program different from other MD programs?**\nHST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist.\n\n#### **What degree will I earn?**\nHST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School.\n\n#### **What can I do with this degree?**\nGraduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\n\n#### **What can I expect?**\nIn their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings.\n\nThey will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students.\n\nBeginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting.\n\n#### **How long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST?**\nThe HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum.\n\n#### **Can the HST MD be combined with other degree programs?**\nMany HST MD students join the Harvard\/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). [More information](https:\/\/meded.hms.harvard.edu\/combined-degrees) can be found on the program website.\n\nTo learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the [HST program overview](https:\/\/meded.hms.harvard.edu\/health-sciences-technology) on Harvard Medical School’s website.\n\n### Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\n#### **Is this program a good fit for me?**\nHST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\n\n#### How is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs?\nEach MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice.\n\n#### What degree will I earn?\nMEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences.\n\n#### What can I do with this degree?\nLead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine.\n\n#### How long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program?\nSimilar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years.\n\n#### What can I expect?\nMEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area.\n\nIn parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students.\n\nWith that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care.\n\nMEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice: academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector.\n\nA two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation.\n\nFinally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals.\n\n#### Additional Application Information\nNeuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the [MEMP website](https:\/\/hst.mit.edu\/applying-hst\/applying-medical-engineering-and-medical-physics-memp-phd-program).\n\n## Inquiries\n[Visit the website](https:\/\/hst.mit.edu\/) or [email HST](mailto:hst@mit.edu) for additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid.\n\n## Faculty and Teaching Staff\nCollin M. Stultz, MD, PhD\n\nNina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nAssociate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nCo-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program\n### Professors\nElfar Adalsteinsson, PhD\n\nEaton-Peabody Professor\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDaniel Griffith Anderson, PhD\n\nJoseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On sabbatical, spring)\n\nBonnie Berger, PhD\n\nSimons Professor\n\nProfessor of Mathematics\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nSangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD\n\nJohn J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLydia Bourouiba, PhD\n\nProfessor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nEmery N. Brown, MD, PhD\n\nEdward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering\n\nWarren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS\n\nProfessor of Computational Neuroscience\n\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nArup K. Chakraborty, PhD\n\nJohn M. Deutch Institute Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Chemistry\n\nProfessor of Physics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nKwanghun Chung, PhD\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nJames J. Collins, PhD\n\nTermeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nElazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD\n\nEdward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Medicine, HMS\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nJohn D. E. Gabrieli, PhD\n\nGrover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nProfessor of Cognitive Neuroscience\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLee Gehrke, PhD\n\nHermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nProfessor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMartha L. Gray, PhD\n\nWhitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nThomas Heldt, PhD\n\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nAssociate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nRobert Langer, ScD\n\nDavid H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLeonid A. Mirny, PhD\n\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics\n\nProfessor of Physics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDava Newman, PhD\n\nApollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems\n\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\n(On leave, fall)\n\nDavid C. Page, MD\n\nProfessor of Biology\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nEllen Roche, PhD\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nAssociate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering\n\nAlex K. Shalek, PhD\n\nJ. W. Kieckhefer Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemistry\n\nDirector, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nCharles G. Sodini, PhD\n\nClarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDavid A. Sontag, PhD\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On leave, fall)\n\nPeter Szolovits, PhD\n\nProfessor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nIoannis V. Yannas, PhD\n\nProfessor of Polymer Science and Engineering\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n### Associate Professors\nMarzyeh Ghassemi, PhD\n\nThe Germeshausen Career Development Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLaura D. Lewis, PhD\n\nAthinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On leave, spring)\n\nTami Lieberman, PhD\n\nHermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLonnie Petersen, MD, PhD\n\nSamuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology\n\nAssociate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### Senior Lecturers\nHenrike Besche, PhD\n\nSenior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### Lecturers\nSonal Jhaveri, PhD\n\nLecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nWilliam M. Kettyle, MD\n\nLecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### HST Affiliated Faculty\nAna Paula Abreu, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nPierre Ankomah, MD, PhD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\n\nDaniel Bauer, MD, PhD\n\nDonald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nBerkin Bilgic, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nJoseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD\n\nSamuel A. Levine Professor\n\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\n\nBrett Bouma, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMary L. Bouxsein, PhD\n\nProfessor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC\n\nSydney S. Cash, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Neurology, MGH\n\nElliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD\n\nJohnson and Johnson Professor\n\nProfessor of Surgery, BIDMC\n\nYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nGeorge M. Church, PhD\n\nRobert Winthrop Professor\n\nProfessor of Genetics, HMS\n\nGeorge Daley, MD, PhD\n\nCaroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH\n\nDean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS\n\nProfessor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH\n\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nStan N. Finkelstein, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nStuart A. Forman, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, MGH\n\nJason Aaron Freed, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nMatthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\n\nGaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nGeorg K. Gerber, MD, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Pathology, BWH\n\nRajat M. Gupta, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nTayyaba Hasan, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nHoward M. Heller, MPH, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMiguel Hernan, MD, DrPH\n\nKolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH\n\nRandy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Psychiatry, MGH\n\nPaul L. Huang, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nFelipe Jain, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH\n\nRakesh K. Jain, PhD\n\nA. Werk Cook Professor\n\nProfessor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH\n\nUrsula B. Kaiser, MD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\n\nSanjat Kanjilal, MD\n\nAssistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI\n\nJeffrey M. Karp, PhD\n\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, BWH\n\nIsaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD\n\nMarion V. Nelson Professor\n\nProfessor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS\n\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAnastasia Herta Koniaris, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC\n\nTrevin Lau, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH\n\nMohini Lutchman, PhD\n\nLecturer on Neurobiology, HMS\n\nRichard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS\n\nSahar Nissim, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nLauren O’Donnell, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, BWH\n\nTimothy P. Padera, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH\n\nShiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\n\nBruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD\n\nLaurence Lamson Robbins Professor\n\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\n\nElizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE\n\nDouglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\n\nSol Schulman, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nShiladitya Sengupta, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAnn K. Shinn, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean\n\nHarvey B. Simon, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Sosnovik, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMyron Spector, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH\/VAMC-Boston\n\nJudith M. Strymish, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston\n\nSteven M. Stufflebeam, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nJoshua Tam, PhD\n\nInstructor in Dermatology, MGH\n\nGuillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\n\nNii Ashitey Tetteh, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Tsai Ting, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMehmet Toner, PhD\n\nHelen Andrus Benedict Professor\n\nProfessor of Surgery, MGH\n\nBenjamin Vakoc, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nAllson S. Vise, MD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, BWH\n\nInternist, Department of Medicine, BWH\n\nSrinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\n\nLawrence L. Wald, PhD\n\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\n\nM. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD\n\nEmily Fisher Landau Professor\n\nProfessor of Neurology, BIDMC\n\nSeok-Hyun Yun, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nJoshua Charles Ziperstein, MD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\n## Professors Emeriti\nGeorge B. Benedek, PhD\n\nAlfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Biological Physics\n\nRichard J. Cohen, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering\n\nRoger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nThomas F. Weiss, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\n\n*IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects ([HST.011](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.011 \"HST.011\")\\-[HST.200](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.200 \"HST.200\"))\\*:  Students not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. \\* [HST.163](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.163 \"HST.163\") and [HST.198](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.198 \"HST.198\") are NOT included in the two-course limit.*\n\n#### **HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy**\nSubject meets with [HST.011](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.011 \"HST.011\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-11-10 units\n\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.010 \"HST.010\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee.\n\n*T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell*\n\n#### **HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy**\nSubject meets with [HST.010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.010 \"HST.010\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-11-10 units\n\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.010 \"HST.010\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students.\n\n*T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell*\n\n#### **HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I**\nSubject meets with [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Summer)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\"), which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I**\nSubject meets with [HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Summer)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\"), which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II**\nSubject meets with [HST.019](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.019 \"HST.019\")  \nPrereq: ([HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\") or [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\")) and permission of instructor   \nG (IAP)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.018 \"HST.018\"), which is graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II**\nSubject meets with [HST.018](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.018 \"HST.018\")  \nPrereq: ([HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\") or [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\")) and permission of instructor   \nG (IAP)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.018 \"HST.018\"), which is graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.021](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.021 \"HST.021\")  \nPrereq: [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\") and [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\")   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-3 units\n\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.020 \"HST.020\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas*\n\n#### **HST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.020](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.020 \"HST.020\")  \nPrereq: [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\") and [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\")   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-3 units\n\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.020 \"HST.020\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas*\n\n#### **HST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New)**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-0-2 units\n\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\n\n*M. Dougan*\n\n#### **HST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New)**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n4-0-2 units\n\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\n\n*D. Vyas*\n\n#### **HST.030 Human Pathology**\nSubject meets with [HST.031](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.031 \"HST.031\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-3-8 units\n\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students.\n\n*R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.031 Human Pathology**\nSubject meets with [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\")  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012), and permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-3-8 units\n\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\n\n*R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis**\nSubject meets with HST.040  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"), and permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-2-6 units\n\nDeals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\n\n*K. Hysell*\n\n#### **HST.060 Endocrinology**\nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"), and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-6 units\n\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited.\n\n*W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu*\n\n#### **HST.061 Endocrinology**\nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"), and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-6 units\n\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under [HST.060](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.060 \"HST.060\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu*\n\n#### **HST.071 Human Reproductive Biology**\nSubject meets with HST.070  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\") and permission of instructor   \nG (Fall; first half of term)  \n4-0-2 units\n\nLectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*D. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier*\n\n#### **HST.081 Hematology**\nSubject meets with HST.080  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\") and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring; partial term)  \n2-1-3 units\n\nIntensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited.\n\n*D. Bauer, S. Schulman*\n\n#### **HST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.091](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.091 \"HST.091\")  \nPrereq: [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\") or [HST.031](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.031 \"HST.031\")   \nG (Spring)  \n3-2-10 units\n\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.090 \"HST.090\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. Stultz, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.090](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.090 \"HST.090\")  \nPrereq: ([HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\") or [HST.031](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.031 \"HST.031\")) and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-2-10 units\n\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.090 \"HST.090\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. Stultz, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.101](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.101 \"HST.101\")  \nPrereq: [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012) and [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Spring)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.100 \"HST.100\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert*\n\n#### **HST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.100](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.100 \"HST.100\")  \nPrereq: [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012), [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"), and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.100 \"HST.100\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert*\n\n#### **HST.110 Renal Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.111](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.111 \"HST.111\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\") or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.110 \"HST.110\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*G. McMahon, M. Yeung*\n\n#### **HST.111 Renal Pathophysiology**\nSubject meets with [HST.110](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.110 \"HST.110\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\") and permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.110 \"HST.110\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*G. McMahon, M. Yeung*\n\n#### **HST.121 Gastroenterology**\nSubject meets with HST.120  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012), [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"), and permission of instructor   \nG (Fall; second half of term)  \n3-1-2 units\n\nPresents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*A. Rutherford, S. Flier*\n\n#### **HST.130 Neuroscience**\nSubject meets with [HST.131](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.131 \"HST.131\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n6-2-6 units\n\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students.\n\n*J. Assad, M. Frosch*\n\n#### **HST.131 Neuroscience**\nSubject meets with [HST.130](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.130 \"HST.130\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n6-2-6 units\n\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under [HST.130](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.130 \"HST.130\"), graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 50.\n\n*J. Assad, M. Frosch*\n\n#### **HST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism**\nSubject meets with HST.146  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-0-5 units\n\nFirst-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*R. Sharma*\n\n#### **HST.151 Principles of Pharmacology**\nSubject meets with HST.150  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012), and [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Fall)  \n5-0-7 units\n\nCovers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students.\n\n*S. Forman*\n\n#### **HST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine**\nSubject meets with [HST.161](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.161 \"HST.161\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Fall; second half of term)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*S. Nissim, R. Gupta*\n\n#### **HST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine**\nSubject meets with [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Fall; second half of term)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*S. Nissim, R. Gupta*\n\n#### **HST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics**\nSubject meets with [HST.163](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.163 \"HST.163\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall; first half of term)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.162 \"HST.162\"), P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\n\n*G. Gerber, L. Li*\n\n#### **HST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics**\nSubject meets with [HST.162](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.162 \"HST.162\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall; first half of term)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.162 \"HST.162\"), P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\n\n*G. Gerber, L. Li*\n\n#### **HST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I**\nSubject meets with [HST.165](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.165 \"HST.165\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Summer)  \n1-0-1 units\n\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*D. Sosnovik, S. Huang*\n\n#### **HST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I**\nSubject meets with [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Summer)  \n1-0-1 units\n\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*S. Huang, D. Sosnovik*\n\n#### **HST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)**\nSubject meets with [HST.167](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.167 \"HST.167\")  \nPrereq: [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") or [HST.165](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.165 \"HST.165\")   \nG (IAP)  \n1-0-1 units\n\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.166 \"HST.166\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*\\<em\\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\\<\/em\\>*\n\n#### **HST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)**\nSubject meets with [HST.166](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.166 \"HST.166\")  \nPrereq: [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") or [HST.165](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.165 \"HST.165\")   \nG (IAP)  \n1-0-1 units\n\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.166 \"HST.166\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*\\<em\\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\\<\/em\\>*\n\n#### **HST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology**\nSubject meets with [HST.176](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.176 \"HST.176\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Fall)  \n6-0-6 units\n\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45.\n\n*S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong*\n\n#### **HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology**\nSubject meets with [HST.175](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.175 \"HST.175\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nG (Fall)  \n6-0-6 units\n\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under [HST.175](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.175 \"HST.175\"), graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 45.\n\n*S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong*\n\n#### **HST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics**\nSubject meets with HST.190  \nPrereq: [Calculus II (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.02|18.02A|18.022|18.024)   \nG (Summer)  \n3-0-3 units\n\nProvides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program.\n\n*N. Hejazi*\n\n#### **HST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (IAP)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-0-2 units\n\nTeaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making. [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students.\n\n*M. B. Westover*\n\n#### **HST.195 Clinical Epidemiology**\nSubject meets with HST.194  \nPrereq: HST.190   \nG (Fall; second half of term)  \n1-0-1 units\n\nIntroduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Hernan*\n\n#### **HST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nProvides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.�\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring; partial term)  \n9-19-12 units\n\nIntensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students.\n\n*D. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise*\n\n#### **HST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Summer)  \n0-12-0 units\n\nDevelop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into [HST.202](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.202 \"HST.202\") must be continued at the same hospital as [HST.201](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.201 \"HST.201\"). Restricted to MEMP students.\n\n*C. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio*\n\n#### **HST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II**\nPrereq: [HST.201](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.201 \"HST.201\")   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n0-20-0 units\n\nStrengthens the skills developed in [HST.201](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.201 \"HST.201\") through a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students.\n\n*C. Stultz, J. Strymish*\n\n#### **HST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (IAP, Spring)  \n2-12-10 units\n\nIntroduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural\/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences. Restricted to HST MEMP students.\n\n*Fall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche*  \n*Spring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch*\n\n#### **HST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n1-0-2 units\n\nProvides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor.\n\n*N. Tetteh*\n\n#### **HST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship**\nPrereq: HST.035   \nG (Fall, Spring, Summer)  \n0-12-0 units\n\nIndividually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program.\n\n*E. Edelman*\n\n#### **HST.420\\[J\\] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology**\nSame subject as [2\\.78\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.78J \"2.78[J]\"), 6.4530J  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nU (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-4-6 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited.\n\n*R. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard*\n\n#### **HST.431\\[J\\] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health**\nSame subject as [11\\.134\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=11.134J \"11.134[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nU (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units. HASS-S\n\nSee description under subject [11\\.134\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=11.134J \"11.134[J]\"). Limited to 25.\n\n*E. James, A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad)**\nPrereq: None   \nU (IAP)  \n3-0-1 units\n\nExamines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors. Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details.\n\n*H. Heller, B. Walker*\n\n#### **HST.438\\[J\\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity**\nSame subject as [5\\.002\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.002J \"5.002[J]\"), [10\\.380\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.380J \"10.380[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nU (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-0-1 units\n\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.439 \"HST.439[J]\").\n\n*A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.439\\[J\\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity**\nSame subject as [5\\.003\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.003J \"5.003[J]\"), [8\\.245\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.245J \"8.245[J]\"), [10\\.382\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.382J \"10.382[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nU (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-0-1 units\n\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. [HST.438\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.438 \"HST.438[J]\") intended for first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.439 \"HST.439[J]\").\n\n*A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.450\\[J\\] Biological Physics**\nSame subject as [8\\.593\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.593J \"8.593[J]\")  \nPrereq: [8\\.044](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.044 \"8.044\") recommended but not necessary   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n4-0-8 units\n\nSee description under subject [8\\.593\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.593J \"8.593[J]\").\n\n*G. Benedek*\n\n#### **HST.452\\[J\\] Statistical Physics in Biology**\nSame subject as [8\\.592\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.592J \"8.592[J]\")  \nPrereq: [8\\.333](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.333 \"8.333\") or permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n3-0-9 units\n\nA survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution.\n\n*M. Kardar, L. Mirny*\n\n#### **HST.460\\[J\\] Statistics for Neuroscience Research**\nSame subject as [9\\.073\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.073J \"9.073[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [9\\.073\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.073J \"9.073[J]\").\n\n*E. N. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.482\\[J\\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing**\nSame subject as 6.8801J  \n Subject meets with 6.8800J, [16\\.456\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.456J \"16.456[J]\"), [HST.582\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.582J \"HST.582[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\") or permission of instructor) and ([2\\.004](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.004 \"2.004\"), [6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\"), [16\\.002](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.002 \"16.002\"), or [18\\.085](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.085 \"18.085\"))   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)  \n3-1-8 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8801J.\n\n*J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells*\n\n#### **HST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nProvides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering\/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews.\n\n*S. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri*\n\n#### **HST.504\\[J\\] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology**\nSame subject as [18\\.418\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.418J \"18.418[J]\")  \nPrereq: [6\\.8701\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.8701 \"6.8701[J]\"), [18\\.417](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.417 \"18.417\"), or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-0-9 units  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nSee description under subject [18\\.418\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.418J \"18.418[J]\").\n\n*B. Berger*\n\n#### **HST.506\\[J\\] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences**\nSame subject as 6.8710J  \n Subject meets with 6.8711J, [20\\.390\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.390J \"20.390[J]\"), [20\\.490](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.490 \"20.490\")  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016) and ([6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\") or [18\\.600](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.600 \"18.600\"))   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8710J.\n\n*D. K. Gifford*\n\n#### **HST.507\\[J\\] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution**\nSame subject as 6.8700J, [20\\.488\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.488J \"20.488[J]\")  \n Subject meets with 6.8701J, [20\\.387\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.387J \"20.387[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [6\\.1210](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.1210 \"6.1210\"), and [6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\")) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8700J.\n\n*E. Alm, M. Kellis*\n\n#### **HST.508\\[J\\] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics**\nSame subject as [1\\.872\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.872J \"1.872[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n4-0-8 units\n\nDevelops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles.\n\n*L. Mirny, T. Lieberman*\n\n#### **HST.515\\[J\\] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering**\nSame subject as [16\\.423\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.423J \"16.423[J]\"), [IDS.337\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=IDS.337J \"IDS.337[J]\")  \nPrereq: [16\\.06](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.06 \"16.06\"), [16\\.400](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.400 \"16.400\"), or permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [16\\.423\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.423J \"16.423[J]\").\n\n*D. J. Newman*\n\n#### **HST.518\\[J\\] Human Systems Engineering**\nSame subject as [16\\.453\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.453J \"16.453[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [16\\.400](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.400 \"16.400\")  \nPrereq: [6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\"), [16\\.09](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.09 \"16.09\"), or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [16\\.453\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.453J \"16.453[J]\").\n\n*L. A. Stirling*\n\n#### **HST.522\\[J\\] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions**\nSame subject as [2\\.79\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.79J \"2.79[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=3.091|5.111|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012)) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nPrinciples of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices\/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the \"unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials\/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs.\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.523\\[J\\] Cell-Matrix Mechanics**\nSame subject as [2\\.785\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.785J \"2.785[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=3.091|5.111|5.112), and [2\\.001](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.001 \"2.001\")) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [2\\.785\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.785J \"2.785[J]\").\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.524\\[J\\] Design of Medical Devices and Implants**\nSame subject as [2\\.782\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.782J \"2.782[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=3.091|5.111|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012)) or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [2\\.782\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.782J \"2.782[J]\").\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.525\\[J\\] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach**\nSame subject as [10\\.548\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.548J \"10.548[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nProvides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment.\n\n*R. K. Jain, L. Munn*\n\n#### **HST.526\\[J\\] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics**\nSame subject as [10\\.643\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.643J \"10.643[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [10\\.443](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.443 \"10.443\")  \nPrereq: [5\\.12](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.12 \"5.12\") or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-6 units\n\nSee description under subject [10\\.643\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.643J \"10.643[J]\"). Limited to 40.\n\n*D. G. Anderson*\n\n#### **HST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy**\nPrereq: None   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n2-0-4 units\n\nAcceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced *in-vivo* dosimetry methods, including PET\/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital.\n\n*B. Winey, J. Schuemann*\n\n#### **HST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy**\nPrereq: [18\\.06](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.06 \"18.06\")   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n2-0-4 units\n\nIntroduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography\/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital.\n\n*B. Winey, J. Schuemann*\n\n#### **HST.535\\[J\\] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration**\nSame subject as [2\\.787\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.787J \"2.787[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=3.091|5.111|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.01|8.01L|8.011|8.012)) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nPrinciples and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular\/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues\/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies.\n\n*M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.537\\[J\\] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease**\nSame subject as [1\\.631\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.631J \"1.631[J]\"), [2\\.250\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.250J \"2.250[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [1\\.063](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.063 \"1.063\")  \nPrereq: None   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n3-3-6 units\n\nSee description under subject [1\\.631\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.631J \"1.631[J]\").\n\n*L. Bourouiba*\n\n#### **HST.538\\[J\\] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease**\nSame subject as [1\\.881\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.881J \"1.881[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [1\\.088](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.088 \"1.088\")  \nPrereq: [Biology (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.012|7.013|7.014|7.015|7.016) and ([1\\.000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.000 \"1.000\") or [6\\.100B](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.100B \"6.100B\"))   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [1\\.881\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.881J \"1.881[J]\").\n\n*T. Lieberman*\n\n#### **HST.539\\[J\\] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease**\nSame subject as [5\\.64\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.64J \"5.64[J]\")  \nPrereq: [5\\.13](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.13 \"5.13\"), [5\\.601](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.601 \"5.601\"), [5\\.602](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.602 \"5.602\"), and ([5\\.07\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.07 \"5.07[J]\") or [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\"))   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [5\\.64\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.64J \"5.64[J]\").\n\n*A. Shalek, X. Wang*\n\n#### **HST.540\\[J\\] Human Physiology**\nSame subject as [7\\.20\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.20J \"7.20[J]\")  \nPrereq: [7\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.05 \"7.05\")   \nU (Fall)  \n5-0-7 units\n\nSee description under subject [7\\.20\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.20J \"7.20[J]\").\n\n*M. Krieger, O. Yilmaz*\n\n#### **HST.541\\[J\\] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing**\nSame subject as [2\\.794\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.794J \"2.794[J]\"), 6.4812J, [9\\.021\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.021J \"9.021[J]\"), [20\\.470\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.470J \"20.470[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [2\\.791\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.791J \"2.791[J]\"), 6.4810J, [9\\.21\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.21J \"9.21[J]\"), [20\\.370\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.370J \"20.370[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([Physics II (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.02|8.021|8.022), [18\\.03](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.03 \"18.03\"), and ([2\\.005](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.005 \"2.005\"), [6\\.2000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.2000 \"6.2000\"), [6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\"), [10\\.301](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.301 \"10.301\"), or [20\\.110\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.110 \"20.110[J]\"))) or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n5-2-5 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.4812J.\n\n*J. Han, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.542\\[J\\] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology**\nSame subject as [2\\.792\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.792J \"2.792[J]\"), 6.4820J  \n Subject meets with [2\\.796\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.796J \"2.796[J]\"), 6.4822J, [16\\.426\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.426J \"16.426[J]\")  \nPrereq: [Physics II (GIR)](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.02|8.021|8.022), [18\\.03](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.03 \"18.03\"), or permission of instructor   \nU (Fall)  \n4-2-6 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.4820J.\n\n*T. Heldt, R. G. Mark*\n\n#### **HST.552\\[J\\] Medical Device Design**\nSame subject as [2\\.75\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.75J \"2.75[J]\"), 6.4861J  \n Subject meets with [2\\.750\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.750J \"2.750[J]\"), 6.4860J  \nPrereq: [2\\.008](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.008 \"2.008\"), [6\\.2040](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.2040 \"6.2040\"), [6\\.2050](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.2050 \"6.2050\"), [6\\.2060](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.2060 \"6.2060\"), [22\\.071](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.071 \"22.071\"), or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n3-3-6 units\n\nSee description under subject [2\\.75\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.75J \"2.75[J]\"). Enrollment limited.\n\n*A. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes*\n\n#### **HST.560\\[J\\] Radiation Biophysics**\nSame subject as [22\\.55\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.55J \"22.55[J]\")  \n Subject meets with [22\\.055](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.055 \"22.055\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [22\\.55\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.55J \"22.55[J]\").\n\n*Staff*\n\n#### **HST.562\\[J\\] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems**\nSame subject as [9\\.271\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.271J \"9.271[J]\"), [10\\.562\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.562J \"10.562[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nIntroduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological\/molecular\/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15.\n\n*K. Chung*\n\n#### **HST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications**\nPrereq: ([8\\.03](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.03 \"8.03\") and [18\\.03](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.03 \"18.03\")) or permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-1-9 units\n\nIntroduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application.\n\n*C. Catana*\n\n#### **HST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nCovers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic\/molecular imaging.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.576\\[J\\] Topics in Neural Signal Processing**\nSame subject as [9\\.272\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.272J \"9.272[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [9\\.272\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.272J \"9.272[J]\").\n\n*E. N. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.580\\[J\\] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI**\nSame subject as 6.8810J  \nPrereq: [6\\.3010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3010 \"6.3010\")   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring)  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8810J.\n\n*E. Adalsteinsson*\n\n#### **HST.582\\[J\\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing**\nSame subject as 6.8800J, [16\\.456\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.456J \"16.456[J]\")  \n Subject meets with 6.8801J, [HST.482\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.482J \"HST.482[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\") and ([2\\.004](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.004 \"2.004\"), [6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\"), [16\\.002](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.002 \"16.002\"), or [18\\.085](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.085 \"18.085\"))) or permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n3-1-8 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8800J.\n\n*J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells*\n\n#### **HST.583\\[J\\] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis**\nSame subject as [9\\.583\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.583J \"9.583[J]\")  \nPrereq: [18\\.05](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.05 \"18.05\") and ([18\\.06](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.06 \"18.06\") or permission of instructor)   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall)  \n2-3-7 units\n\nProvides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH\/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful.\n\n*J. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen*\n\n#### **HST.584\\[J\\] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques**\nSame subject as [22\\.561\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.561J \"22.561[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n3-0-12 units\n\nIntroduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included.\n\n*L. Wald, B. Bilgic*\n\n#### **HST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Fall, Spring)  \n1-0-0 units  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nSeminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nFor students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*Consult Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.714\\[J\\] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing**\nSame subject as [9\\.016\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.016J \"9.016[J]\")  \nPrereq: ([6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\") and [8\\.03](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.03 \"8.03\")) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n4-0-8 units\n\nIntroduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered.\n\n*S. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria*\n\n#### **HST.716\\[J\\] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception**\nSame subject as 6.8830J  \nPrereq: ([6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\") and ([6\\.3700](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3700 \"6.3700\") or [6\\.3702](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3702 \"6.3702\"))) or permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8830J.\n\n*L. D. Braida*\n\n#### **HST.723\\[J\\] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition**\nSame subject as [9\\.285\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.285J \"9.285[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n6-0-6 units\n\nNeural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar.\n\n*J. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.728\\[J\\] Spoken Language Processing**\nSame subject as 6.8620J  \nPrereq: [6\\.3000](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3000 \"6.3000\") and [6\\.3900](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3900 \"6.3900\")   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n3-1-8 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.8620J.\n\n*J. R. Glass*\n\n#### **HST.916\\[J\\] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development**\nSame subject as [7\\.549\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.549J \"7.549[J]\"), [15\\.137\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.137J \"15.137[J]\"), [20\\.486\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.486J \"20.486[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n2-0-4 units\n\nSee description under subject [20\\.486\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.486J \"20.486[J]\").\n\n*A. W. Wood*\n\n#### **HST.918\\[J\\] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries**\nSame subject as [15\\.141\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.141J \"15.141[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-6 units  \nCredit cannot also be received for [15\\.1411](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.1411 \"15.1411\")\n\nSee description under subject [15\\.141\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.141J \"15.141[J]\").\n\n*J. Doyle*\n\n#### **HST.920\\[J\\] Principles and Practice of Drug Development**\nSame subject as [10\\.547\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.547J \"10.547[J]\"), [15\\.136\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.136J \"15.136[J]\"), [IDS.620\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=IDS.620J \"IDS.620[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n3-0-6 units\n\nSee description under subject [15\\.136\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.136J \"15.136[J]\").\n\n*S. Finkelstein*\n\n#### **HST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nSubject meets with [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\"), [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n2-0-1 units\n\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nSubject meets with [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n2-2-2 units\n\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nSubject meets with [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n2-2-8 units\n\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.940\\[J\\] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications**\nSame subject as [10\\.555\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.555J \"10.555[J]\")  \nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \n3-0-9 units\n\nSee description under subject [10\\.555\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.555J \"10.555[J]\").\n\n*Gr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos*\n\n#### **HST.953\\[J\\] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments**\nSame subject as 6.8850J  \nPrereq: ([6\\.7900](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.7900 \"6.7900\") and [6\\.7930\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.7930 \"6.7930[J]\")) or permission of instructor   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nExamines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling \"implementation science,\" which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science.\n\n*M. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb*\n\n#### **HST.956\\[J\\] Machine Learning for Healthcare**\nSame subject as 6.7930J  \nPrereq: [6\\.3900](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.3900 \"6.3900\"), [6\\.7810](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.7810 \"6.7810\"), [6\\.7900](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.7900 \"6.7900\"), [6\\.8611](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=6.8611 \"6.8611\"), or [9\\.520\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.520 \"9.520[J]\")   \nAcad Year 2025-2026: Not offered  \n Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring)  \n4-0-8 units\n\nSee description under subject 6.7930J.\n\n*D. Sontag, P. Szolovits*\n\n#### **HST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Spring; second half of term)  \n1-0-3 units\n\nExplores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design.\n\n*M. Cima*\n\n#### **HST.971\\[J\\] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures**\nSame subject as [15\\.363\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.363J \"15.363[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-6 units\n\nSee description under subject [15\\.363\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.363J \"15.363[J]\").\n\n*J. Fleming, A. Zarur*\n\n#### **HST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, Spring)  \n3-0-9 units  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nThrough a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities\/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows.\n\n*M. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.978\\[J\\] Healthcare Ventures**\nSame subject as [15\\.367\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.367J \"15.367[J]\")  \nPrereq: None   \nG (Spring)  \n3-0-9 units\n\nAddresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation\/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students.\n\n*M. Gray, Z. Chu*\n\n#### **HST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases**\nPrereq: None   \nG (IAP)  \n1-0-2 units\n\nIntroduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions.\n\n*J. J. Collins*\n\n#### **HST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nRequired for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions.\n\n*J. Greenberg*\n\n#### **HST.THG Graduate Thesis**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nProgram of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor.\n\n*Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: None   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: None   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: None   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*P. Cariani*\n\n#### **HST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST\/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST\/IMES Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged \\[P\/D\/F\\]  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, Spring)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*M. Gray, F. Murray*\n\n#### **HST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nPrereq: Permission of instructor   \nG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)  \n Not offered regularly; consult department  \nUnits arranged  \nCan be repeated for credit.\n\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST\/IMES Faculty*\n\n[Admissions](http:\/\/mitadmissions.org\/apply)[Financial Aid](http:\/\/sfs.mit.edu\/)[Registrar](http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/registrar\/)[IAP](http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/iap\/)[Summer](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/summer\/)[Professional Education](http:\/\/professional.mit.edu\/)[MITx](https:\/\/www.edx.org\/school\/mitx)[K-12](https:\/\/outreach.mit.edu\/)[Campus Map](http:\/\/whereis.mit.edu\/)  \n[Directories](https:\/\/officesdirectory.mit.edu\/)[About the Bulletin](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/about-bulletin\/)[Nondiscrimination Policy](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/nondiscrimination-policy\/)[Changes](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/changelog\/)[Help](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/help\/)[Accessibility](https:\/\/accessibility.mit.edu\/)\n\n![MIT](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/images\/mit-logo-footer.svg)\n\n![MIT Academic Bulletin](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/images\/mit-bulletin-logo-footer-25-26.png)\n\n77 Massachusetts Avenue  \nCambridge, MA 02139-4307\n\n[Back to top](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#header)\n\nPrint Options\n\n[Send Page to Printer](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/)\n\n*Print this page.*\n\n[Download PDF of this Page](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology.pdf)\n\n*The PDF includes all information on this page and its related tabs. Subject (course) information includes any changes approved for the current academic year.*\n\n[Overview tab PDF](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_text.pdf)\n\n[Graduate tab PDF](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_graduatetext.pdf)\n\n[Faculty\/Staff tab PDF](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_facultystafftext.pdf)\n\n[Subjects tab PDF](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_subjectstext.pdf)\n\n[Download PDF of the Entire Catalog and\/or Subject Descriptions](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/archive\/)\n\n[Cancel](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/)","attrs_readable_markdown":"- [Overview](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#textcontainer)\n- [Graduate](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#graduatetextcontainer)\n- [Faculty\/Staff](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#facultystafftextcontainer)\n- [Subjects](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/schools\/engineering\/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology\/#subjectstextcontainer)\n\nFounded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering.\n\nThe program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise.\n\nOur MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\n\nAlumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV\/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action.\n\nHST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the [Institute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES)](http:\/\/imes.mit.edu\/) and represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society.\n\nHST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study:\n\n- Medical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School)\n- Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program\n\n## Graduate Study\n### Medical Sciences (HST MD Program)\n#### **Is this program a good fit for me?**\nHST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\n\nHalf of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology.\n\n#### **How is the HST MD program different from other MD programs?**\nHST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist.\n\n#### **What degree will I earn?**\nHST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School.\n\n#### **What can I do with this degree?**\nGraduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations.\n\n#### **What can I expect?**\nIn their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings.\n\nThey will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students.\n\nBeginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting.\n\n#### **How long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST?**\nThe HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum.\n\n#### **Can the HST MD be combined with other degree programs?**\nMany HST MD students join the Harvard\/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). [More information](https:\/\/meded.hms.harvard.edu\/combined-degrees) can be found on the program website.\n\nTo learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the [HST program overview](https:\/\/meded.hms.harvard.edu\/health-sciences-technology) on Harvard Medical School’s website.\n\n### Medical Engineering and Medical Physics\n#### **Is this program a good fit for me?**\nHST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences.\n\n#### How is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs?\nEach MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice.\n\n#### What degree will I earn?\nMEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences.\n\n#### What can I do with this degree?\nLead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine.\n\n#### How long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program?\nSimilar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years.\n\n#### What can I expect?\nMEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area.\n\nIn parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students.\n\nWith that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care.\n\nMEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice: academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector.\n\nA two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation.\n\nFinally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals.\n\n#### Additional Application Information\nNeuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the [MEMP website](https:\/\/hst.mit.edu\/applying-hst\/applying-medical-engineering-and-medical-physics-memp-phd-program).\n\n## Inquiries\n[Visit the website](https:\/\/hst.mit.edu\/) or [email HST](mailto:hst@mit.edu) for additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid.\n\n## Faculty and Teaching Staff\nCollin M. Stultz, MD, PhD\n\nNina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nAssociate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nCo-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program\n### Professors\nElfar Adalsteinsson, PhD\n\nEaton-Peabody Professor\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDaniel Griffith Anderson, PhD\n\nJoseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On sabbatical, spring)\n\nBonnie Berger, PhD\n\nSimons Professor\n\nProfessor of Mathematics\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nSangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD\n\nJohn J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLydia Bourouiba, PhD\n\nProfessor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nEmery N. Brown, MD, PhD\n\nEdward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering\n\nWarren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS\n\nProfessor of Computational Neuroscience\n\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nArup K. Chakraborty, PhD\n\nJohn M. Deutch Institute Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Chemistry\n\nProfessor of Physics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nKwanghun Chung, PhD\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nJames J. Collins, PhD\n\nTermeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nElazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD\n\nEdward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Medicine, HMS\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nJohn D. E. Gabrieli, PhD\n\nGrover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nProfessor of Cognitive Neuroscience\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLee Gehrke, PhD\n\nHermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nProfessor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMartha L. Gray, PhD\n\nWhitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nThomas Heldt, PhD\n\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nAssociate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nRobert Langer, ScD\n\nDavid H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nProfessor of Biological Engineering\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLeonid A. Mirny, PhD\n\nRichard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics\n\nProfessor of Physics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDava Newman, PhD\n\nApollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems\n\nMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\n(On leave, fall)\n\nDavid C. Page, MD\n\nProfessor of Biology\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n\nEllen Roche, PhD\n\nProfessor of Mechanical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nAssociate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering\n\nAlex K. Shalek, PhD\n\nJ. W. Kieckhefer Professor\n\nProfessor of Chemistry\n\nDirector, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nCharles G. Sodini, PhD\n\nClarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nDavid A. Sontag, PhD\n\nProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On leave, fall)\n\nPeter Szolovits, PhD\n\nProfessor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nIoannis V. Yannas, PhD\n\nProfessor of Polymer Science and Engineering\n\nMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty\n### Associate Professors\nMarzyeh Ghassemi, PhD\n\nThe Germeshausen Career Development Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLaura D. Lewis, PhD\n\nAthinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\n(On leave, spring)\n\nTami Lieberman, PhD\n\nHermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor\n\nAssociate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nLonnie Petersen, MD, PhD\n\nSamuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology\n\nAssociate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics\n\nCore Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### Senior Lecturers\nHenrike Besche, PhD\n\nSenior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### Lecturers\nSonal Jhaveri, PhD\n\nLecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nWilliam M. Kettyle, MD\n\nLecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n### HST Affiliated Faculty\nAna Paula Abreu, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nPierre Ankomah, MD, PhD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\n\nDaniel Bauer, MD, PhD\n\nDonald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nBerkin Bilgic, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nJoseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD\n\nSamuel A. Levine Professor\n\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\n\nBrett Bouma, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nAffiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science\n\nMary L. Bouxsein, PhD\n\nProfessor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC\n\nSydney S. Cash, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Neurology, MGH\n\nElliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD\n\nJohnson and Johnson Professor\n\nProfessor of Surgery, BIDMC\n\nYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nGeorge M. Church, PhD\n\nRobert Winthrop Professor\n\nProfessor of Genetics, HMS\n\nGeorge Daley, MD, PhD\n\nCaroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH\n\nDean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS\n\nProfessor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH\n\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nStan N. Finkelstein, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nStuart A. Forman, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, MGH\n\nJason Aaron Freed, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nMatthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\n\nGaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nGeorg K. Gerber, MD, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Pathology, BWH\n\nRajat M. Gupta, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nTayyaba Hasan, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nHoward M. Heller, MPH, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMiguel Hernan, MD, DrPH\n\nKolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH\n\nRandy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Psychiatry, MGH\n\nPaul L. Huang, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nFelipe Jain, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH\n\nRakesh K. Jain, PhD\n\nA. Werk Cook Professor\n\nProfessor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH\n\nUrsula B. Kaiser, MD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, BWH\n\nSanjat Kanjilal, MD\n\nAssistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI\n\nJeffrey M. Karp, PhD\n\nProfessor of Anaesthesia, BWH\n\nIsaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD\n\nMarion V. Nelson Professor\n\nProfessor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS\n\nProfessor of Pediatrics, BCH\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAnastasia Herta Koniaris, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC\n\nTrevin Lau, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH\n\nMohini Lutchman, PhD\n\nLecturer on Neurobiology, HMS\n\nRichard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS\n\nSahar Nissim, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nLauren O’Donnell, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, BWH\n\nTimothy P. Padera, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH\n\nShiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Medicine, MGH\n\nBruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD\n\nLaurence Lamson Robbins Professor\n\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\n\nElizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE\n\nDouglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\n\nSol Schulman, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC\n\nShiladitya Sengupta, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, BWH\n\nAnn K. Shinn, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean\n\nHarvey B. Simon, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Sosnovik, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMyron Spector, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH\/VAMC-Boston\n\nJudith M. Strymish, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston\n\nSteven M. Stufflebeam, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Radiology, MGH\n\nJoshua Tam, PhD\n\nInstructor in Dermatology, MGH\n\nGuillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor of Pathology, MGH\n\nNii Ashitey Tetteh, MD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nDavid Tsai Ting, MD\n\nAssociate Professor of Medicine, MGH\n\nMehmet Toner, PhD\n\nHelen Andrus Benedict Professor\n\nProfessor of Surgery, MGH\n\nBenjamin Vakoc, PhD\n\nAssociate Professor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nAllson S. Vise, MD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, BWH\n\nInternist, Department of Medicine, BWH\n\nSrinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD\n\nAssistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI\n\nLawrence L. Wald, PhD\n\nProfessor of Radiology, MGH\n\nM. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD\n\nEmily Fisher Landau Professor\n\nProfessor of Neurology, BIDMC\n\nSeok-Hyun Yun, PhD\n\nProfessor of Dermatology, MGH\n\nJoshua Charles Ziperstein, MD\n\nInstructor in Medicine, MGH\n## Professors Emeriti\nGeorge B. Benedek, PhD\n\nAlfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Biological Physics\n\nRichard J. Cohen, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering\n\nRoger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\n\nThomas F. Weiss, PhD\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering\n\nProfessor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology\n\n*IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects ([HST.011](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.011 \"HST.011\")\\-[HST.200](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.200 \"HST.200\"))\\*:  Students not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. \\* [HST.163](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.163 \"HST.163\") and [HST.198](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.198 \"HST.198\") are NOT included in the two-course limit.*\n\n#### **HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy**\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.010 \"HST.010\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee.\n\n*T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell*\n\n#### **HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy**\nLectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.010 \"HST.010\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students.\n\n*T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell*\n\n#### **HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I**\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\"), which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I**\nIntroduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review\/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.016 \"HST.016\"), which is graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II**\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.018 \"HST.018\"), which is graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II**\nBuilds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.017 \"HST.017\"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.018 \"HST.018\"), which is graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. M. Stultz*\n\n#### **HST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology**\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.020 \"HST.020\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas*\n\n#### **HST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology**\nGrowth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.020 \"HST.020\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas*\n\n#### **HST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New)**\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\n\n*M. Dougan*\n\n#### **HST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New)**\nProvides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students.\n\n*D. Vyas*\n\n#### **HST.030 Human Pathology**\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students.\n\n*R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.031 Human Pathology**\nIntroduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.030 \"HST.030\"), graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\n\n*R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis**\nDeals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P\/D\/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited.\n\n*K. Hysell*\n\n#### **HST.060 Endocrinology**\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited.\n\n*W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu*\n\n#### **HST.061 Endocrinology**\nPhysiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under [HST.060](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.060 \"HST.060\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu*\n\n#### **HST.071 Human Reproductive Biology**\nLectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*D. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier*\n\n#### **HST.081 Hematology**\nIntensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited.\n\n*D. Bauer, S. Schulman*\n\n#### **HST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology**\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.090 \"HST.090\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. Stultz, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology**\nNormal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.090 \"HST.090\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. Stultz, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology**\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.100 \"HST.100\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert*\n\n#### **HST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology**\nLectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.100 \"HST.100\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert*\n\n#### **HST.110 Renal Pathophysiology**\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.110 \"HST.110\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*G. McMahon, M. Yeung*\n\n#### **HST.111 Renal Pathophysiology**\nConsiders the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.110 \"HST.110\"), graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*G. McMahon, M. Yeung*\n\n#### **HST.121 Gastroenterology**\nPresents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*A. Rutherford, S. Flier*\n\n#### **HST.130 Neuroscience**\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students.\n\n*J. Assad, M. Frosch*\n\n#### **HST.131 Neuroscience**\nComprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under [HST.130](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.130 \"HST.130\"), graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 50.\n\n*J. Assad, M. Frosch*\n\n#### **HST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism**\nFirst-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited.\n\n*R. Sharma*\n\n#### **HST.151 Principles of Pharmacology**\nCovers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students.\n\n*S. Forman*\n\n#### **HST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine**\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*S. Nissim, R. Gupta*\n\n#### **HST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine**\nProvides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.160 \"HST.160\"), graded P\/D\/F.\n\n*S. Nissim, R. Gupta*\n\n#### **HST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics**\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.162 \"HST.162\"), P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\n\n*G. Gerber, L. Li*\n\n#### **HST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics**\nIntroduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.162 \"HST.162\"), P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students.\n\n*G. Gerber, L. Li*\n\n#### **HST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I**\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*D. Sosnovik, S. Huang*\n\n#### **HST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I**\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*S. Huang, D. Sosnovik*\n\n#### **HST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)**\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.166 \"HST.166\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*\\<em\\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\\<\/em\\>*\n\n#### **HST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New)**\nReviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.164 \"HST.164\") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.166 \"HST.166\"), P\/D\/F. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*\\<em\\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\\<\/em\\>*\n\n#### **HST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology**\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45.\n\n*S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong*\n\n#### **HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology**\nCovers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under [HST.175](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.175 \"HST.175\"), graded P\/D\/F. Limited to 45.\n\n*S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong*\n\n#### **HST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics**\nProvides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program.\n\n*N. Hejazi*\n\n#### **HST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference**\nTeaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making. [HST.191](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.191 \"HST.191\") recommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students.\n\n*M. B. Westover*\n\n#### **HST.195 Clinical Epidemiology**\nIntroduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P\/D\/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students.\n\n*M. Hernan*\n\n#### **HST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology**\nProvides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology**\nOpportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.�\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine**\nIntensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students.\n\n*D. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise*\n\n#### **HST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I**\nDevelop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into [HST.202](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.202 \"HST.202\") must be continued at the same hospital as [HST.201](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.201 \"HST.201\"). Restricted to MEMP students.\n\n*C. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio*\n\n#### **HST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II**\nStrengthens the skills developed in [HST.201](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.201 \"HST.201\") through a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students.\n\n*C. Stultz, J. Strymish*\n\n#### **HST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering**\nIntroduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural\/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences. Restricted to HST MEMP students.\n\n*Fall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche*  \n*Spring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch*\n\n#### **HST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients**\nProvides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor.\n\n*N. Tetteh*\n\n#### **HST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship**\nIndividually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program.\n\n*E. Edelman*\n\n#### **HST.420\\[J\\] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology**\nSee description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited.\n\n*R. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard*\n\n#### **HST.431\\[J\\] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health**\nSee description under subject [11\\.134\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=11.134J \"11.134[J]\"). Limited to 25.\n\n*E. James, A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad)**\nExamines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors. Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details.\n\n*H. Heller, B. Walker*\n\n#### **HST.438\\[J\\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity**\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.439 \"HST.439[J]\").\n\n*A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.439\\[J\\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity**\nCovers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. [HST.438\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.438 \"HST.438[J]\") intended for first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.439 \"HST.439[J]\").\n\n*A. Chakraborty*\n\n#### **HST.450\\[J\\] Biological Physics**\nSee description under subject [8\\.593\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=8.593J \"8.593[J]\").\n\n*G. Benedek*\n\n#### **HST.452\\[J\\] Statistical Physics in Biology**\nA survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution.\n\n*M. Kardar, L. Mirny*\n\n#### **HST.460\\[J\\] Statistics for Neuroscience Research**\nSee description under subject [9\\.073\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.073J \"9.073[J]\").\n\n*E. N. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.482\\[J\\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing**\nSee description under subject 6.8801J.\n\n*J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells*\n\n#### **HST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics**\nProvides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering\/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews.\n\n*S. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri*\n\n#### **HST.504\\[J\\] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology**\nSee description under subject [18\\.418\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=18.418J \"18.418[J]\").\n\n*B. Berger*\n\n#### **HST.506\\[J\\] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences**\nSee description under subject 6.8710J.\n\n*D. K. Gifford*\n\n#### **HST.507\\[J\\] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution**\nSee description under subject 6.8700J.\n\n*E. Alm, M. Kellis*\n\n#### **HST.508\\[J\\] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics**\nDevelops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles.\n\n*L. Mirny, T. Lieberman*\n\n#### **HST.515\\[J\\] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering**\nSee description under subject [16\\.423\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.423J \"16.423[J]\").\n\n*D. J. Newman*\n\n#### **HST.518\\[J\\] Human Systems Engineering**\nSee description under subject [16\\.453\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=16.453J \"16.453[J]\").\n\n*L. A. Stirling*\n\n#### **HST.522\\[J\\] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions**\nPrinciples of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices\/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the \"unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials\/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs.\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.523\\[J\\] Cell-Matrix Mechanics**\nSee description under subject [2\\.785\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.785J \"2.785[J]\").\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.524\\[J\\] Design of Medical Devices and Implants**\nSee description under subject [2\\.782\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.782J \"2.782[J]\").\n\n*I. V. Yannas, M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.525\\[J\\] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach**\nProvides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment.\n\n*R. K. Jain, L. Munn*\n\n#### **HST.526\\[J\\] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics**\nSee description under subject [10\\.643\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.643J \"10.643[J]\"). Limited to 40.\n\n*D. G. Anderson*\n\n#### **HST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy**\nAcceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced *in-vivo* dosimetry methods, including PET\/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital.\n\n*B. Winey, J. Schuemann*\n\n#### **HST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy**\nIntroduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography\/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital.\n\n*B. Winey, J. Schuemann*\n\n#### **HST.535\\[J\\] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration**\nPrinciples and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular\/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues\/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies.\n\n*M. Spector*\n\n#### **HST.537\\[J\\] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease**\nSee description under subject [1\\.631\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.631J \"1.631[J]\").\n\n*L. Bourouiba*\n\n#### **HST.538\\[J\\] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease**\nSee description under subject [1\\.881\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=1.881J \"1.881[J]\").\n\n*T. Lieberman*\n\n#### **HST.539\\[J\\] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease**\nSee description under subject [5\\.64\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=5.64J \"5.64[J]\").\n\n*A. Shalek, X. Wang*\n\n#### **HST.540\\[J\\] Human Physiology**\nSee description under subject [7\\.20\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=7.20J \"7.20[J]\").\n\n*M. Krieger, O. Yilmaz*\n\n#### **HST.541\\[J\\] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing**\nSee description under subject 6.4812J.\n\n*J. Han, T. Heldt*\n\n#### **HST.542\\[J\\] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology**\nSee description under subject 6.4820J.\n\n*T. Heldt, R. G. Mark*\n\n#### **HST.552\\[J\\] Medical Device Design**\nSee description under subject [2\\.75\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=2.75J \"2.75[J]\"). Enrollment limited.\n\n*A. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes*\n\n#### **HST.560\\[J\\] Radiation Biophysics**\nSee description under subject [22\\.55\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=22.55J \"22.55[J]\").\n\n*Staff*\n\n#### **HST.562\\[J\\] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems**\nIntroduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological\/molecular\/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15.\n\n*K. Chung*\n\n#### **HST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications**\nIntroduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application.\n\n*C. Catana*\n\n#### **HST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications**\nCovers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic\/molecular imaging.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.576\\[J\\] Topics in Neural Signal Processing**\nSee description under subject [9\\.272\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=9.272J \"9.272[J]\").\n\n*E. N. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.580\\[J\\] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI**\nSee description under subject 6.8810J.\n\n*E. Adalsteinsson*\n\n#### **HST.582\\[J\\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing**\nSee description under subject 6.8800J.\n\n*J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells*\n\n#### **HST.583\\[J\\] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis**\nProvides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH\/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful.\n\n*J. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen*\n\n#### **HST.584\\[J\\] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques**\nIntroduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included.\n\n*L. Wald, B. Bilgic*\n\n#### **HST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series**\nSeminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nFor students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students.\n\n*Consult Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.714\\[J\\] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing**\nIntroduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered.\n\n*S. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria*\n\n#### **HST.716\\[J\\] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception**\nSee description under subject 6.8830J.\n\n*L. D. Braida*\n\n#### **HST.723\\[J\\] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition**\nNeural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar.\n\n*J. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown*\n\n#### **HST.728\\[J\\] Spoken Language Processing**\nSee description under subject 6.8620J.\n\n*J. R. Glass*\n\n#### **HST.916\\[J\\] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development**\nSee description under subject [20\\.486\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=20.486J \"20.486[J]\").\n\n*A. W. Wood*\n\n#### **HST.918\\[J\\] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries**\nSee description under subject [15\\.141\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.141J \"15.141[J]\").\n\n*J. Doyle*\n\n#### **HST.920\\[J\\] Principles and Practice of Drug Development**\nSee description under subject [15\\.136\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.136J \"15.136[J]\").\n\n*S. Finkelstein*\n\n#### **HST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care**\nAddresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\"), [HST.937](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.937 \"HST.937\") and [HST.938](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.938 \"HST.938\") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=HST.936 \"HST.936\") has no laboratory.\n\n*L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai*\n\n#### **HST.940\\[J\\] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications**\nSee description under subject [10\\.555\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=10.555J \"10.555[J]\").\n\n*Gr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos*\n\n#### **HST.953\\[J\\] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments**\nExamines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling \"implementation science,\" which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science.\n\n*M. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb*\n\n#### **HST.956\\[J\\] Machine Learning for Healthcare**\nSee description under subject 6.7930J.\n\n*D. Sontag, P. Szolovits*\n\n#### **HST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research**\nExplores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design.\n\n*M. Cima*\n\n#### **HST.971\\[J\\] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures**\nSee description under subject [15\\.363\\[J\\]](https:\/\/catalog.mit.edu\/search\/?P=15.363J \"15.363[J]\").\n\n*J. Fleming, A. Zarur*\n\n#### **HST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare**\nThrough a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities\/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows.\n\n*M. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera*\n\n#### **HST.978\\[J\\] Healthcare Ventures**\nAddresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation\/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students.\n\n*M. Gray, Z. Chu*\n\n#### **HST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases**\nIntroduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions.\n\n*J. J. Collins*\n\n#### **HST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology**\nRequired for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions.\n\n*J. Greenberg*\n\n#### **HST.THG Graduate Thesis**\nProgram of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor.\n\n*Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology**\nExtended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology**\nGroup study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES\/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*IMES\/HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*P. Cariani*\n\n#### **HST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST\/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST\/IMES Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST Faculty*\n\n#### **HST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*M. Gray, F. Murray*\n\n#### **HST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship**\nOpportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering.\n\n*HST\/IMES Faculty*","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Overview Graduate Faculty/Staff Subjects Founded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering. The program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise. Our MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. Alumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action. HST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the Institute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES) and represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society. HST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study: Medical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School) Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program Graduate Study Medical Sciences (HST MD Program) Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. Half of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology. How is the HST MD program different from other MD programs? HST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist. What degree will I earn? HST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School. What can I do with this degree? Graduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. What can I expect? In their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings. They will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students. Beginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting. How long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST? The HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum. Can the HST MD be combined with other degree programs? Many HST MD students join the Harvard/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). More information can be found on the program website. To learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the HST program overview on Harvard Medical School’s website. Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. How is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs? Each MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice. What degree will I earn? MEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. What can I do with this degree? Lead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine. How long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program? Similar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years. What can I expect? MEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area. In parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students. With that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care. MEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice: academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector. A two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation. Finally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals. Additional Application Information Neuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the MEMP website . Inquiries Visit the website or email HST for additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid. Faculty and Teaching Staff Collin M. Stultz, MD, PhD Nina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Co-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program Professors Elfar Adalsteinsson, PhD Eaton-Peabody Professor Professor of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Daniel Griffith Anderson, PhD Joseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On sabbatical, spring) Bonnie Berger, PhD Simons Professor Professor of Mathematics Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Sangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lydia Bourouiba, PhD Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Emery N. Brown, MD, PhD Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS Professor of Computational Neuroscience Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD John M. Deutch Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Chemistry Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Kwanghun Chung, PhD Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science James J. Collins, PhD Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Biological Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Elazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD Edward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Medicine, HMS Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science John D. E. Gabrieli, PhD Grover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lee Gehrke, PhD Hermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Martha L. Gray, PhD Whitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Thomas Heldt, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Robert Langer, ScD David H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Mechanical Engineering Professor of Biological Engineering Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Leonid A. Mirny, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Dava Newman, PhD Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty (On leave, fall) David C. Page, MD Professor of Biology Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Ellen Roche, PhD Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Associate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering Alex K. Shalek, PhD J. W. Kieckhefer Professor Professor of Chemistry Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Charles G. Sodini, PhD Clarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science David A. Sontag, PhD Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, fall) Peter Szolovits, PhD Professor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Ioannis V. Yannas, PhD Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Associate Professors Marzyeh Ghassemi, PhD The Germeshausen Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Laura D. Lewis, PhD Athinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, spring) Tami Lieberman, PhD Hermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lonnie Petersen, MD, PhD Samuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Senior Lecturers Henrike Besche, PhD Senior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lecturers Sonal Jhaveri, PhD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science William M. Kettyle, MD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science HST Affiliated Faculty Ana Paula Abreu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Aaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Pierre Ankomah, MD, PhD Instructor in Medicine, MGH Daniel Bauer, MD, PhD Donald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Berkin Bilgic, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD Samuel A. Levine Professor Professor of Medicine, BWH Brett Bouma, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC Sydney S. Cash, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology, MGH Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD Johnson and Johnson Professor Professor of Surgery, BIDMC Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH George M. Church, PhD Robert Winthrop Professor Professor of Genetics, HMS George Daley, MD, PhD Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Stan N. Finkelstein, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Stuart A. Forman, MD, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, MGH Jason Aaron Freed, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Matthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Gaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Georg K. Gerber, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pathology, BWH Rajat M. Gupta, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Tayyaba Hasan, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Howard M. Heller, MPH, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Miguel Hernan, MD, DrPH Kolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH Randy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Paul L. Huang, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH David Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology, MGH Felipe Jain, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Rakesh K. Jain, PhD A. Werk Cook Professor Professor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH Ursula B. Kaiser, MD Professor of Medicine, BWH Sanjat Kanjilal, MD Assistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI Jeffrey M. Karp, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, BWH Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD Marion V. Nelson Professor Professor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Anastasia Herta Koniaris, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC Trevin Lau, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH Mohini Lutchman, PhD Lecturer on Neurobiology, HMS Richard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS Sahar Nissim, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Lauren O’Donnell, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, BWH Timothy P. Padera, PhD Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH Shiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH Bruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD Laurence Lamson Robbins Professor Professor of Radiology, MGH Elizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE Douglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Sol Schulman, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Shiladitya Sengupta, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Ann K. Shinn, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean Harvey B. Simon, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH David Sosnovik, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Myron Spector, PhD Professor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH/VAMC-Boston Judith M. Strymish, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston Steven M. Stufflebeam, MD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joshua Tam, PhD Instructor in Dermatology, MGH Guillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Nii Ashitey Tetteh, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH David Tsai Ting, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Mehmet Toner, PhD Helen Andrus Benedict Professor Professor of Surgery, MGH Benjamin Vakoc, PhD Associate Professor of Dermatology, MGH Allson S. Vise, MD Instructor in Medicine, BWH Internist, Department of Medicine, BWH Srinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Lawrence L. Wald, PhD Professor of Radiology, MGH M. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD Emily Fisher Landau Professor Professor of Neurology, BIDMC Seok-Hyun Yun, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Joshua Charles Ziperstein, MD Instructor in Medicine, MGH Professors Emeriti George B. Benedek, PhD Alfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus of Biological Physics Richard J. Cohen, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering Roger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology Thomas F. Weiss, PhD Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects ( HST.011 - HST.200 ): Students not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. HST.163 and HST.198 are NOT included in the two-course limit. HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under HST.010 , graded P/D/F. Lab fee. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under HST.010 , graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under HST.016 , which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz HST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under HST.016 , which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz HST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Builds upon on the core concepts covered in HST.017 . Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under HST.018 , which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz HST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Builds upon on the core concepts covered in HST.017 . Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under HST.018 , which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz HST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under HST.020 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas HST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under HST.020 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas HST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New) Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. M. Dougan HST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New) Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. D. Vyas HST.030 Human Pathology Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under HST.030 , graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera HST.031 Human Pathology Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under HST.030 , graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera HST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis Deals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. K. Hysell HST.060 Endocrinology Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu HST.061 Endocrinology Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under HST.060 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu HST.071 Human Reproductive Biology Lectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P/D/F. D. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier HST.081 Hematology Intensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited. D. Bauer, S. Schulman HST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under HST.090 , graded P/D/F. C. Stultz, T. Heldt HST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under HST.090 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Stultz, T. Heldt HST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under HST.100 , graded P/D/F. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert HST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under HST.100 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert HST.110 Renal Pathophysiology Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under HST.110 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung HST.111 Renal Pathophysiology Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under HST.110 , graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung HST.121 Gastroenterology Presents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. A. Rutherford, S. Flier HST.130 Neuroscience Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students. J. Assad, M. Frosch HST.131 Neuroscience Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under HST.130 , graded P/D/F. Limited to 50. J. Assad, M. Frosch HST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism First-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. R. Sharma HST.151 Principles of Pharmacology Covers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students. S. Forman HST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under HST.160 , graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta HST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under HST.160 , graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta HST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and HST.191 recommended. Only HST students may register under HST.162 , P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li HST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and HST.191 recommended. Only HST students may register under HST.162 , P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li HST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under HST.164 , P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. D. Sosnovik, S. Huang HST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under HST.164 , P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. S. Huang, D. Sosnovik HST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in HST.164 with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under HST.166 , P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. <em>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik</em> HST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in HST.164 with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under HST.166 , P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. <em>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik</em> HST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under HST.175 , graded P/D/F. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong HST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics Provides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program. N. Hejazi HST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference Teaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making. HST.191 recommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students. M. B. Westover HST.195 Clinical Epidemiology Introduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Hernan HST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology Provides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students. HST Faculty HST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.� HST Faculty HST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine Intensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students. D. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise HST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I Develop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into HST.202 must be continued at the same hospital as HST.201 . Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio HST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II Strengthens the skills developed in HST.201 through a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish HST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering Introduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences. Restricted to HST MEMP students. Fall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche Spring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch HST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients Provides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor. N. Tetteh HST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship Individually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program. E. Edelman HST.420[J] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology See description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited. R. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard HST.431[J] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health See description under subject 11.134[J] . Limited to 25. E. James, A. Chakraborty HST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad) Examines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors. Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details. H. Heller, B. Walker HST.438[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take HST.439[J] . A. Chakraborty HST.439[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. HST.438[J] intended for first-year students; all others should take HST.439[J] . A. Chakraborty HST.450[J] Biological Physics See description under subject 8.593[J] . G. Benedek HST.452[J] Statistical Physics in Biology A survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution. M. Kardar, L. Mirny HST.460[J] Statistics for Neuroscience Research See description under subject 9.073[J] . E. N. Brown HST.482[J] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing See description under subject 6.8801J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells HST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics Provides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews. S. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri HST.504[J] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology See description under subject 18.418[J] . B. Berger HST.506[J] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences See description under subject 6.8710J. D. K. Gifford HST.507[J] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution See description under subject 6.8700J. E. Alm, M. Kellis HST.508[J] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics Develops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles. L. Mirny, T. Lieberman HST.515[J] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering See description under subject 16.423[J] . D. J. Newman HST.518[J] Human Systems Engineering See description under subject 16.453[J] . L. A. Stirling HST.522[J] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions Principles of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the "unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs. I. V. Yannas, M. Spector HST.523[J] Cell-Matrix Mechanics See description under subject 2.785[J] . I. V. Yannas, M. Spector HST.524[J] Design of Medical Devices and Implants See description under subject 2.782[J] . I. V. Yannas, M. Spector HST.525[J] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach Provides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment. R. K. Jain, L. Munn HST.526[J] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics See description under subject 10.643[J] . Limited to 40. D. G. Anderson HST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy Acceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced in-vivo dosimetry methods, including PET/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann HST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy Introduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann HST.535[J] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration Principles and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies. M. Spector HST.537[J] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease See description under subject 1.631[J] . L. Bourouiba HST.538[J] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease See description under subject 1.881[J] . T. Lieberman HST.539[J] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease See description under subject 5.64[J] . A. Shalek, X. Wang HST.540[J] Human Physiology See description under subject 7.20[J] . M. Krieger, O. Yilmaz HST.541[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing See description under subject 6.4812J. J. Han, T. Heldt HST.542[J] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology See description under subject 6.4820J. T. Heldt, R. G. Mark HST.552[J] Medical Device Design See description under subject 2.75[J] . Enrollment limited. A. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes HST.560[J] Radiation Biophysics See description under subject 22.55[J] . Staff HST.562[J] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems Introduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological/molecular/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15. K. Chung HST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications Introduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application. C. Catana HST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications Covers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic/molecular imaging. HST Faculty HST.576[J] Topics in Neural Signal Processing See description under subject 9.272[J] . E. N. Brown HST.580[J] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI See description under subject 6.8810J. E. Adalsteinsson HST.582[J] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing See description under subject 6.8800J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells HST.583[J] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis Provides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful. J. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen HST.584[J] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques Introduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included. L. Wald, B. Bilgic HST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series Seminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations. HST Faculty HST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology For students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students. Consult Faculty HST.714[J] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing Introduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered. S. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria HST.716[J] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception See description under subject 6.8830J. L. D. Braida HST.723[J] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition Neural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar. J. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown HST.728[J] Spoken Language Processing See description under subject 6.8620J. J. R. Glass HST.916[J] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development See description under subject 20.486[J] . A. W. Wood HST.918[J] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries See description under subject 15.141[J] . J. Doyle HST.920[J] Principles and Practice of Drug Development See description under subject 15.136[J] . S. Finkelstein HST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking HST.936 , HST.937 and HST.938 attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. HST.936 has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai HST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking HST.936 , HST.937 and HST.938 attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. HST.936 has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai HST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking HST.936 , HST.937 and HST.938 attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. HST.936 has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai HST.940[J] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications See description under subject 10.555[J] . Gr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos HST.953[J] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments Examines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling "implementation science," which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science. M. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb HST.956[J] Machine Learning for Healthcare See description under subject 6.7930J. D. Sontag, P. Szolovits HST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research Explores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design. M. Cima HST.971[J] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures See description under subject 15.363[J] . J. Fleming, A. Zarur HST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare Through a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows. M. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera HST.978[J] Healthcare Ventures Addresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students. M. Gray, Z. Chu HST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases Introduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions. J. J. Collins HST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology Required for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions. J. Greenberg HST.THG Graduate Thesis Program of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor. Faculty HST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty HST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty HST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty HST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty HST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. P. Cariani HST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty HST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty HST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. M. Gray, F. Murray HST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty
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[Nuclear Reactor Laboratory](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/nuclear-reactor-laboratory/) - [Operations Research Center](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/operations-research-center/) - [Picower Institute for Learning and Memory](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/picower-institute-learning-memory/) - [Plasma Science and Fusion Center](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/plasma-science-fusion-center/) - [Research Laboratory of Electronics](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/research-laboratory-electronics/) - [Simons Center for the Social Brain](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/simons-center-social-brain/) - [Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/singapore-mit-alliance-research-technology/) - [Sociotechnical Systems Research Center](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/sociotechnical-systems-research-center/) - [Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/whitehead-institute-biomedical-research/) - [Women's and Gender Studies Program](https://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research/womens-gender-studies-program/) - [Schools and College](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/) Toggle Schools and College - [School of Architecture and Planning](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/architecture-planning/) Toggle School of Architecture and Planning - [Architecture](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/architecture-planning/architecture/) Toggle Architecture - [Architecture (SB, Course 4)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/architecture-course-4/) - [Architecture (MArch)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-architecture/) - [Art and Design (SB, Course 4-B)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/architecture-course-4-b/) - [Art, Culture, and Technology (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-art-culture-technology/) - [Architecture Studies (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-architecture-studies/) - [Media Arts and Sciences](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/architecture-planning/media-arts-sciences/) - [Urban Studies and Planning](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/architecture-planning/urban-studies-planning/) Toggle Urban Studies and Planning - [Planning (SB, Course 11)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/planning-course-11/) - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6/) - [School of Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/) Toggle School of Engineering - [Aeronautics and Astronautics](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/aeronautics-astronautics/) Toggle Aeronautics and Astronautics - [Aeronautics and Astronautics Fields (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-aeronautics-astronautics/) - [Aerospace Engineering (SB, Course 16)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/aerospace-engineering-course-16/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 16-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-aeronautics-astronautics-course-16-eng/) - [Biological Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/biological-engineering/) Toggle Biological Engineering - [Biological Engineering (SB, Course 20)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/biological-engineering-course-20/) - [Biological Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-biological-engineering/) - [Chemical Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/chemical-engineering/) Toggle Chemical Engineering - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-engineering-course-10/) - [Chemical-Biological Engineering (SB, Course 10-B)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-biological-engineering-course-10-b/) - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-engineering-course-10-c/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 10-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-chemical-engineering-course-10-eng/) - [Civil and Environmental Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/civil-environmental-engineering/) Toggle Civil and Environmental Engineering - [Engineering (SB, Course 1-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1-eng/) - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1p/) - [Data, Systems, and Society](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/data-systems-society/) - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/electrical-engineering-computer-science/) Toggle Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computation-cognition-6-9/) - [Computer Science and Engineering (SB, Course 6-3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-engineering-course-6-3/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7/) - [Electrical Engineering with Computing (Course 6-5)](https://catalog-dev.mit.edu/degree-charts/electrical-engineering-computing-course-6-5/) - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6/) - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-electrical-engineering-computer-science-course-6-p/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p/) - [Health Sciences and Technology](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/) - [Materials Science and Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/materials-science-engineering/) Toggle Materials Science and Engineering - [Archaeology and Materials (SB, Course 3-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/archaeology-materials-course-3-c/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/materials-science-engineering-course-3/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3-A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/materials-science-engineering-course-3-a/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-materials-science-engineering/) - [Mechanical Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/mechanical-engineering/) Toggle Mechanical Engineering - [Mechanical Engineering (SB, Course 2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-engineering-course-2/) - [Mechanical and Ocean Engineering (SB, Course 2-OE)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-ocean-engineering-course-2-oe/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 2-A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-engineering-course-2-a/) - [Nuclear Science and Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/nuclear-science-engineering/) Toggle Nuclear Science and Engineering - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (SB, Course 22)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/nuclear-science-engineering-course-22/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 22-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-nuclear-science-engineering-course-22-eng/) - [School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/) Toggle School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences - [Anthropology](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/anthropology/) Toggle Anthropology - [Anthropology (SB, Course 21A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/anthropology-course-21a/) - [Comparative Media Studies/Writing](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/comparative-media-studies-writing/) Toggle Comparative Media Studies/Writing - [Comparative Media Studies (SB, CMS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/comparative-media-studies-cms/) - [Writing (SB, Course 21W)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/writing-course-21w/) - [Economics](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/economics/) Toggle Economics - [Data, Economics, and Design of Policy (MASc)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-applied-science-data-economics-development-policy/) - [Economics (SB, Course 14-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/economics-course-14/) - [Economics (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-economics/) - [Mathematical Economics (SB, Course 14-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematical-economics-course-14-2/) - [Global Languages](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/global-studies-languages/) Toggle Global Languages - [Global Studies and Languages (SB, Course 21G)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/global-studies-languages-course-21g/) - [History](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/history/) Toggle History - [History (SB, Course 21H)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/history-course-21h/) - [Humanities](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/humanities/) - [Linguistics and Philosophy](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/linguistics-philosophy/) Toggle Linguistics and Philosophy - [Linguistics and Philosophy (SB, Course 24-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/linguistics-philosophy-course-24-2/) - [Philosophy (SB, Course 24-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/philosophy-course-24-1/) - [Linguistics (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/sm-linguistics/) - [Literature](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/literature/) Toggle Literature - [Literature (SB, Course 21L)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/literature-course-21l/) - [Music and Theater Arts](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/music-theater-arts/) Toggle Music and Theater Arts - [Music (SB, Course 21M)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/music-course-21m/) - [Theater Arts (SB, Course 21T)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/theater-arts-course-21t/) - [Political Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/political-science/) Toggle Political Science - [Political Science (SB, Course 17)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/political-science-course-17/) - [Science, Technology, and Society](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/science-technology-society/) Toggle Science, Technology, and Society - [Science, Technology, and Society/Second Major (SB, STS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/science-technology-society-sts/) - [MIT Sloan School of Management](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/sloan-management/) Toggle MIT Sloan School of Management - [Management](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/sloan-management/management/) Toggle Management - [Business Analytics (SB, Course 15-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/business-analytics-course-15-2/) - [Finance (SB, Course 15-3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/finance-course-15-3/) - [Management (SB, Course 15-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/management-course-15-1/) - [School of Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/) Toggle School of Science - [Biology](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/biology/) Toggle Biology - [Biology (SB, Course 7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/biology-course-7/) - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemistry-biology-course-5-7/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p/) - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/brain-cognitive-sciences/) Toggle Brain and Cognitive Sciences - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (SB, Course 9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/brain-cognitive-sciences-course-9/) - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computation-cognition-6-9/) - [Chemistry](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/chemistry/) Toggle Chemistry - [Chemistry (SB, Course 5)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemistry-course-5/) - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemistry-biology-course-5-7/) - [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences/) Toggle Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (SB, Course 12)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences-course-12/) - [Mathematics](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/mathematics/) Toggle Mathematics - [Mathematics (SB, Course 18)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-course-18/) - [Mathematics (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-mathematics/) - [Mathematics with Computer Science (SB, Course 18-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-computer-science-course-18-c/) - [Physics](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/science/physics/) Toggle Physics - [Physics (SB, Course 8)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/physics-course-8/) - [MIT Schwarzman College of Computing](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/mit-schwarzman-college-computing/) Toggle MIT Schwarzman College of Computing - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/mit-schwarzman-college-computing/electrical-engineering-computer-science/) - [Data, Systems, and Society](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/mit-schwarzman-college-computing/data-systems-society/) - [Interdisciplinary Programs](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/) Toggle Interdisciplinary Programs - [Undergraduate Programs](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/) Toggle Undergraduate Programs - [Degrees](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/) Toggle Degrees - [Chemistry and Biology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/chemistry-biology/) - [Climate System Science and Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/climate-system-science-engineering/) - [Computation and Cognition](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/computation-cognition/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/computer-science-molecular-biology/) - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/computer-science-economics-data-science/) - [Humanities](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/humanities/) - [Humanities and Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/humanities-engineering/) - [Humanities and Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/humanities-science/) - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/degrees/urban-science-planning-computer-science/) - [Minors](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/) Toggle Minors - [African and African Diaspora Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/minor-african-studies/) - [American Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/minor-american-studies/) - [Ancient and Medieval Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/ancient-medieval-studies/) - [Applied International Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/applied-international-studies/) - [Asian and Asian Diaspora Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/asian-studies/) - [Astronomy](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/astronomy/) - [Biomedical Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/biomedical-engineering/) - [Energy Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/energy-studies/) - [Entrepreneurship and Innovation](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/entrepreneurship-innovation/) - [Environment and Sustainability](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/environment-sustainability/) - [Latin American and Latino/a Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/latin-american-latino-studies/) - [Middle Eastern Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/middle-eastern-studies/) - [Polymers and Soft Matter](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/polymers-soft-matter/) - [Public Policy](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/public-policy/) - [Russian and Eurasian Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/russian-eurasian-studies/) - [Statistics and Data Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/statistics-data-science/) - [Women's and Gender Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/womens-gender-studies/) - [Graduate Programs](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/) Toggle Graduate Programs - [Advanced Urbanism](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/advanced-urbanism/) - [Computation and Cognition](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/computation-cognition/) - [Computational and Systems Biology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/computational-systems-biology/) - [Computational Science and Engineering](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/computational-science-engineering/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/computer-science-molecular-biology/) - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/computer-science-economics-data-science/) - [Health Sciences and Technology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/) - [Joint Program with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/joint-program-woods-hole-oceanographic-institution/) - [Leaders for Global Operations](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/leaders-global-operations/) - [Microbiology](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/microbiology/) - [Music Technology and Computation](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/music-technology-computation/) - [Operations Research](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/operations-research/) - [Polymers and Soft Matter](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/polymers-soft-matter/) - [Real Estate Development](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/real-estate-development/) - [Social and Engineering Systems](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/social-engineering-systems/) - [Statistics](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/phd-statistics/) - [Supply Chain Management](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/supply-chain-management/) - [System Design and Management](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/system-design-management/) - [Technology and Policy](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/technology-policy/) - [Transportation](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/transportation/) - [Degree Charts](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/) Toggle Degree Charts - School of Architecture and Planning - [Architecture (SB, Course 4)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/architecture-course-4/) - [Architecture (MArch)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-architecture/) - [Architecture Studies (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-architecture-studies/) - [Art and Design (SB, Course 4-B)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/architecture-course-4-b/) - [Art, Culture, and Technology (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-art-culture-technology/) - [City Planning (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-city-planning/) - [Planning (SB, Course 11)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/planning-course-11/) - School of Engineering - [Aeronautics and Astronautics Fields (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-aeronautics-astronautics/) - [Aerospace Engineering (SB, Course 16)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/aerospace-engineering-course-16/) - [Archaeology and Materials (SB, Course 3-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/archaeology-materials-course-3-c/) - [Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making (SB, Course 6-4)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/artifical-intelligence-decision-making-course-6-4/) - [Biological Engineering (SB, Course 20)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/biological-engineering-course-20/) - [Biological Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-biological-engineering/) - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-civil-environmental-engineering/) - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-civil-environmental-engineering/) - [Chemical-Biological Engineering (SB, Course 10-B)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-biological-engineering-course-10-b/) - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-engineering-course-10/) - [Chemical Engineering (SB, Course 10-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemical-engineering-course-10-c/) - [Computer Science and Engineering (SB, Course 6-3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-engineering-course-6-3/) - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-electrical-engineering-computer-science-course-6-p/) - [Electrical Engineering with Computing (SB, Course 6-5)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/electrical-engineering-computing-course-6-5/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 1-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-civil-environmental-engineering-course-1-eng/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 2-A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-engineering-course-2-a/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 10-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-chemical-engineering-course-10-eng/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 16-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-aeronautics-astronautics-course-16-eng/) - [Engineering (SB, Course 22-ENG)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/engineering-nuclear-science-engineering-course-22-eng/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/materials-science-engineering-course-3/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (SB, Course 3-A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/materials-science-engineering-course-3-a/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-materials-science-engineering/) - [Mechanical and Ocean Engineering (SB, Course 2-OE)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-ocean-engineering-course-2-oe/) - [Mechanical Engineering (SB, Course 2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mechanical-engineering-course-2/) - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (SB, Course 22)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/nuclear-science-engineering-course-22/) - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-nuclear-science-engineering/) - [Social and Engineering Systems (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-social-engineering-systems/) - School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences - [Anthropology (SB, Course 21A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/anthropology-course-21a/) - [Comparative Media Studies (SB, CMS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/comparative-media-studies-cms/) - [Data, Economics, and Design of Policy (MASc)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-applied-science-data-economics-development-policy/) - [Economics (SB, Course 14-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/economics-course-14/) - [Economics (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-economics/) - [Global Studies and Languages (SB, Course 21G)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/global-studies-languages-course-21g/) - [History (SB, Course 21H)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/history-course-21h/) - [Humanities (SB, Course 21)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/humanities-course-21/) - [Humanities and Engineering (SB, Course 21E)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/humanities-engineering-course-21e/) - [Humanities and Science (SB, Course 21S)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/humanities-science-course-21s/) - [Linguistics (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/sm-linguistics/) - [Linguistics and Philosophy (SB, Course 24-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/linguistics-philosophy-course-24-2/) - [Literature (SB, Course 21L)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/literature-course-21l/) - [Mathematical Economics (SB, Course 14-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematical-economics-course-14-2/) - [Music (SB, Course 21M)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/music-course-21m/) - [Philosophy (SB, Course 24-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/philosophy-course-24-1/) - [Political Science (SB, Course 17)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/political-science-course-17/) - [Science, Technology, and Society/Second Major (SB, STS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/science-technology-society-sts/) - [Science Writing (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-science-writing/) - [Theater Arts (SB, Course 21T)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/theater-arts-course-21t/) - [Writing (SB, Course 21W)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/writing-course-21w/) - Sloan School of Management - [Business Analytics (SB, Course 15-2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/business-analytics-course-15-2/) - [Finance (SB, Course 15-3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/finance-course-15-3/) - [Management (SB, Course 15-1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/management-course-15-1/) - School of Science - [Biology (SB, Course 7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/biology-course-7/) - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (SB, Course 9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/brain-cognitive-sciences-course-9/) - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-brain-cognitive-sciences/) - [Chemistry (SB, Course 5)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemistry-course-5/) - [Chemistry (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-chemistry/) - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (SB, Course 12)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences-course-12/) - [Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Fields (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences/) - [Mathematics (SB, Course 18)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-course-18/) - [Mathematics (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-mathematics/) - [Mathematics with Computer Science (SB, Course 18-C)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-computer-science-course-18-c/) - [Physics (SB, Course 8)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/physics-course-8/) - Interdisciplinary Programs (SB) - [Chemistry and Biology (SB, Course 5-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/chemistry-biology-course-5-7/) - [Climate System Science and Engineering (SB, Course 1-12)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/climate-system-science-engineering-course-1-12/) - [Computation and Cognition (SB, Course 6-9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computation-cognition-6-9/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (SB, Course 6-7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7/) - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science (SB, Course 6-14)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-economics-data-science-course-6-14/) - [Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science (SB, Course 11-6)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/urban-science-planning-computer-science-11-6/) - Interdisciplinary Programs (Graduate) - [Biological Oceanography (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-biological-oceanography/) - [Computation and Cognition (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computation-cognition-course-6-9p/) - [Computational and Systems Biology (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-computational-systems-biology/) - [Computational Science and Engineering (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computational-science-engineering/) - [Computational Science and Engineering (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-computational-science-engineering/) - [Computer Science and Molecular Biology (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computer-science-molecular-biology-course-6-7p/) - [Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science (MEng)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-computer-science-economics-data-science-course-6-14-p/) - [Engineering and Management (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/sm-system-design-management/) - [Leaders for Global Operations (MBA/SM and SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mba-sm-leaders-global-operations/) - [Microbiology (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-microbiology/) - [Music Technology and Computation (SM and MASc)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-music-technology-computation/) - [Physical Oceanography (PhD/ScD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-physical-oceanography/) - [Real Estate Development (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-real-estate-development/) - [Statistics (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/interdisciplinary-doctoral-statistics/) - [Supply Chain Management (MEng and MASc)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-supply-chain-management/) - [Technology and Policy (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-technology-policy/) - [Transportation (SM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/master-transportation/) - [Transportation (PhD)](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/phd-transportation/) - [Subjects](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/) Toggle Subjects - [Aeronautics and Astronautics (Course 16)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/16/) - [Aerospace Studies (AS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/as/) - [Anthropology (Course 21A)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21a/) - [Architecture (Course 4)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/4/) - [Biological Engineering (Course 20)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/20/) - [Biology (Course 7)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/7/) - [Brain and Cognitive Sciences (Course 9)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/9/) - [Chemical Engineering (Course 10)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/10/) - [Chemistry (Course 5)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/5/) - [Civil and Environmental Engineering (Course 1)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/1/) - [Comparative Media Studies / Writing (CMS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/cms/) - [Comparative Media Studies / Writing (Course 21W)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21w/) - [Computational and Systems Biology (CSB)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/csb/) - [Computational Science and Engineering (CSE)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/cse/) - [Concourse (CC)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/cc/) - [Data, Systems, and Society (IDS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/ids/) - [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (Course 12)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/12/) - [Economics (Course 14)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/14/) - [Edgerton Center (EC)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/ec/) - [Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Course 6)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/6/) - [Engineering Management (EM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/em/) - [Experimental Study Group (ES)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/es/) - [Global Languages (Course 21G)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21g/) - [Health Sciences and Technology (HST)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/hst/) - [History (Course 21H)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21h/) - [Humanities (Course 21)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21/) - [Linguistics and Philosophy (Course 24)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/24/) - [Literature (Course 21L)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21l/) - [Management (Course 15)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/15/) - [Materials Science and Engineering (Course 3)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/3/) - [Mathematics (Course 18)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/18/) - [Mechanical Engineering (Course 2)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/2/) - [Media Arts and Sciences (MAS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/mas/) - [Military Science (MS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/ms/) - [Music (Course 21M)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21m/) - [Naval Science (NS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/ns/) - [Nuclear Science and Engineering (Course 22)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/22/) - [Physics (Course 8)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/8/) - [Political Science (Course 17)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/17/) - [Science, Technology, and Society (STS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/sts/) - [Special Programs](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/sp/) - [Supply Chain Management (SCM)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/scm/) - [Theater Arts (21T)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/21t/) - [Urban Studies and Planning (Course 11)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/11/) - [Women's and Gender Studies (WGS)](https://catalog.mit.edu/subjects/wgs/) # Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program - [Overview](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#textcontainer) - [Graduate](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#graduatetextcontainer) - [Faculty/Staff](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#facultystafftextcontainer) - [Subjects](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#subjectstextcontainer) Founded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering. The program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise. Our MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. Alumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action. HST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the [Institute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES)](http://imes.mit.edu/) and represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society. HST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study: - Medical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School) - Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program [Medical Sciences](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#medical-sciences) [Medical Engineering and Medical Physics](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#medical-engineering-physics) ## Graduate Study ### Medical Sciences (HST MD Program) #### Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. Half of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology. #### How is the HST MD program different from other MD programs? HST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist. #### What degree will I earn? HST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School. #### What can I do with this degree? Graduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. #### What can I expect? In their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings. They will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students. Beginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting. #### How long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST? The HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum. #### Can the HST MD be combined with other degree programs? Many HST MD students join the Harvard/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). [More information](https://meded.hms.harvard.edu/combined-degrees) can be found on the program website. To learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the [HST program overview](https://meded.hms.harvard.edu/health-sciences-technology) on Harvard Medical School’s website. ### Medical Engineering and Medical Physics #### Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. #### How is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs? Each MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice. #### What degree will I earn? MEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. #### What can I do with this degree? Lead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine. #### How long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program? Similar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years. #### What can I expect? MEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area. In parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students. With that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care. MEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice: academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector. A two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation. Finally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals. #### Additional Application Information Neuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the [MEMP website](https://hst.mit.edu/applying-hst/applying-medical-engineering-and-medical-physics-memp-phd-program). ## Inquiries [Visit the website](https://hst.mit.edu/) or [email HST](mailto:hst@mit.edu) for additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid. ## Faculty and Teaching Staff Collin M. Stultz, MD, PhD Nina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Co-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program ### Professors Elfar Adalsteinsson, PhD Eaton-Peabody Professor Professor of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Daniel Griffith Anderson, PhD Joseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On sabbatical, spring) Bonnie Berger, PhD Simons Professor Professor of Mathematics Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Sangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lydia Bourouiba, PhD Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Emery N. Brown, MD, PhD Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS Professor of Computational Neuroscience Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD John M. Deutch Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Chemistry Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Kwanghun Chung, PhD Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science James J. Collins, PhD Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Biological Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Elazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD Edward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Medicine, HMS Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science John D. E. Gabrieli, PhD Grover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lee Gehrke, PhD Hermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Martha L. Gray, PhD Whitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Thomas Heldt, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Robert Langer, ScD David H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Mechanical Engineering Professor of Biological Engineering Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Leonid A. Mirny, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Dava Newman, PhD Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty (On leave, fall) David C. Page, MD Professor of Biology Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Ellen Roche, PhD Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Associate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering Alex K. Shalek, PhD J. W. Kieckhefer Professor Professor of Chemistry Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Charles G. Sodini, PhD Clarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science David A. Sontag, PhD Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, fall) Peter Szolovits, PhD Professor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Ioannis V. Yannas, PhD Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty ### Associate Professors Marzyeh Ghassemi, PhD The Germeshausen Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Laura D. Lewis, PhD Athinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, spring) Tami Lieberman, PhD Hermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lonnie Petersen, MD, PhD Samuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### Senior Lecturers Henrike Besche, PhD Senior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### Lecturers Sonal Jhaveri, PhD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science William M. Kettyle, MD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### HST Affiliated Faculty Ana Paula Abreu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Aaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Pierre Ankomah, MD, PhD Instructor in Medicine, MGH Daniel Bauer, MD, PhD Donald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Berkin Bilgic, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD Samuel A. Levine Professor Professor of Medicine, BWH Brett Bouma, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC Sydney S. Cash, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology, MGH Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD Johnson and Johnson Professor Professor of Surgery, BIDMC Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH George M. Church, PhD Robert Winthrop Professor Professor of Genetics, HMS George Daley, MD, PhD Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Stan N. Finkelstein, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Stuart A. Forman, MD, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, MGH Jason Aaron Freed, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Matthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Gaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Georg K. Gerber, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pathology, BWH Rajat M. Gupta, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Tayyaba Hasan, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Howard M. Heller, MPH, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Miguel Hernan, MD, DrPH Kolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH Randy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Paul L. Huang, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH David Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology, MGH Felipe Jain, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Rakesh K. Jain, PhD A. Werk Cook Professor Professor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH Ursula B. Kaiser, MD Professor of Medicine, BWH Sanjat Kanjilal, MD Assistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI Jeffrey M. Karp, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, BWH Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD Marion V. Nelson Professor Professor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Anastasia Herta Koniaris, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC Trevin Lau, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH Mohini Lutchman, PhD Lecturer on Neurobiology, HMS Richard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS Sahar Nissim, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Lauren O’Donnell, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, BWH Timothy P. Padera, PhD Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH Shiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH Bruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD Laurence Lamson Robbins Professor Professor of Radiology, MGH Elizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE Douglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Sol Schulman, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Shiladitya Sengupta, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Ann K. Shinn, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean Harvey B. Simon, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH David Sosnovik, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Myron Spector, PhD Professor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH/VAMC-Boston Judith M. Strymish, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston Steven M. Stufflebeam, MD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joshua Tam, PhD Instructor in Dermatology, MGH Guillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Nii Ashitey Tetteh, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH David Tsai Ting, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Mehmet Toner, PhD Helen Andrus Benedict Professor Professor of Surgery, MGH Benjamin Vakoc, PhD Associate Professor of Dermatology, MGH Allson S. Vise, MD Instructor in Medicine, BWH Internist, Department of Medicine, BWH Srinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Lawrence L. Wald, PhD Professor of Radiology, MGH M. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD Emily Fisher Landau Professor Professor of Neurology, BIDMC Seok-Hyun Yun, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Joshua Charles Ziperstein, MD Instructor in Medicine, MGH ## Professors Emeriti George B. Benedek, PhD Alfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus of Biological Physics Richard J. Cohen, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering Roger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology Thomas F. Weiss, PhD Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects ([HST.011](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.011 "HST.011")\-[HST.200](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.200 "HST.200"))\: Students not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. \* [HST.163](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.163 "HST.163") and [HST.198](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.198 "HST.198") are NOT included in the two-course limit.* #### HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy Subject meets with [HST.011](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.011 "HST.011") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-11-10 units Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.010 "HST.010"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell #### HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy Subject meets with [HST.010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.010 "HST.010") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-11-10 units Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.010 "HST.010"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell #### HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Subject meets with [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Summer) 2-0-4 units Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016"), which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz #### HST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Subject meets with [HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Summer) 2-0-4 units Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016"), which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz #### HST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Subject meets with [HST.019](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.019 "HST.019") Prereq: ([HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016") or [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017")) and permission of instructor G (IAP) 2-0-4 units Builds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.018 "HST.018"), which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz #### HST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Subject meets with [HST.018](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.018 "HST.018") Prereq: ([HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016") or [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017")) and permission of instructor G (IAP) 2-0-4 units Builds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.018 "HST.018"), which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz #### HST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.021](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.021 "HST.021") Prereq: [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030") and [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160") G (Spring) 3-0-3 units Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.020 "HST.020"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas #### HST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.020](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.020 "HST.020") Prereq: [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030") and [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160") G (Spring) 3-0-3 units Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.020 "HST.020"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas #### HST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New) Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-0-2 units Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. M. Dougan #### HST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New) Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) 4-0-2 units Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. D. Vyas #### HST.030 Human Pathology Subject meets with [HST.031](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.031 "HST.031") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-3-8 units Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera #### HST.031 Human Pathology Subject meets with [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030") Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012), and permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-3-8 units Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera #### HST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis Subject meets with HST.040 Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05"), and permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-2-6 units Deals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. K. Hysell #### HST.060 Endocrinology Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05"), and permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-0-6 units Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu #### HST.061 Endocrinology Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05"), and permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-0-6 units Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under [HST.060](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.060 "HST.060"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu #### HST.071 Human Reproductive Biology Subject meets with HST.070 Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") and permission of instructor G (Fall; first half of term) 4-0-2 units Lectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P/D/F. D. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier #### HST.081 Hematology Subject meets with HST.080 Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") and permission of instructor G (Spring; partial term) 2-1-3 units Intensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited. D. Bauer, S. Schulman #### HST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.091](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.091 "HST.091") Prereq: [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030") or [HST.031](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.031 "HST.031") G (Spring) 3-2-10 units Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.090 "HST.090"), graded P/D/F. C. Stultz, T. Heldt #### HST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.090](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.090 "HST.090") Prereq: ([HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030") or [HST.031](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.031 "HST.031")) and permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-2-10 units Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.090 "HST.090"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Stultz, T. Heldt #### HST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.101 "HST.101") Prereq: [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012) and [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Spring) 4-0-8 units Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.100 "HST.100"), graded P/D/F. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert #### HST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.100](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.100 "HST.100") Prereq: [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012), [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05"), and permission of instructor G (Spring) 4-0-8 units Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.100 "HST.100"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert #### HST.110 Renal Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.111](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.111 "HST.111") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") or permission of instructor G (Spring) 4-0-8 units Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.110 "HST.110"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung #### HST.111 Renal Pathophysiology Subject meets with [HST.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.110 "HST.110") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") and permission of instructor G (Spring) 4-0-8 units Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.110 "HST.110"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung #### HST.121 Gastroenterology Subject meets with HST.120 Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012), [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05"), and permission of instructor G (Fall; second half of term) 3-1-2 units Presents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. A. Rutherford, S. Flier #### HST.130 Neuroscience Subject meets with [HST.131](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.131 "HST.131") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 6-2-6 units Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students. J. Assad, M. Frosch #### HST.131 Neuroscience Subject meets with [HST.130](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.130 "HST.130") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 6-2-6 units Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under [HST.130](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.130 "HST.130"), graded P/D/F. Limited to 50. J. Assad, M. Frosch #### HST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism Subject meets with HST.146 Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-0-5 units First-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. R. Sharma #### HST.151 Principles of Pharmacology Subject meets with HST.150 Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012), and [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Fall) 5-0-7 units Covers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students. S. Forman #### HST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine Subject meets with [HST.161](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.161 "HST.161") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Fall; second half of term) 2-0-4 units Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160"), graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta #### HST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine Subject meets with [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Fall; second half of term) 2-0-4 units Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160"), graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta #### HST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Subject meets with [HST.163](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.163 "HST.163") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall; first half of term) 2-0-4 units Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.162 "HST.162"), P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li #### HST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Subject meets with [HST.162](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.162 "HST.162") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall; first half of term) 2-0-4 units Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.162 "HST.162"), P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li #### HST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Subject meets with [HST.165](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.165 "HST.165") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Summer) 1-0-1 units Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. D. Sosnovik, S. Huang #### HST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Subject meets with [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Summer) 1-0-1 units Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. S. Huang, D. Sosnovik #### HST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Subject meets with [HST.167](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.167 "HST.167") Prereq: [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") or [HST.165](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.165 "HST.165") G (IAP) 1-0-1 units Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.166 "HST.166"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. \<em\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\</em\> #### HST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Subject meets with [HST.166](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.166 "HST.166") Prereq: [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") or [HST.165](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.165 "HST.165") G (IAP) 1-0-1 units Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.166 "HST.166"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. \<em\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\</em\> #### HST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Subject meets with [HST.176](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.176 "HST.176") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Fall) 6-0-6 units Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong #### HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Subject meets with [HST.175](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.175 "HST.175") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") G (Fall) 6-0-6 units Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under [HST.175](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.175 "HST.175"), graded P/D/F. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong #### HST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics Subject meets with HST.190 Prereq: [Calculus II (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.02\|18.02A\|18.022\|18.024) G (Summer) 3-0-3 units Provides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program. N. Hejazi #### HST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference Prereq: Permission of instructor G (IAP) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-2 units Teaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making. [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students. M. B. Westover #### HST.195 Clinical Epidemiology Subject meets with HST.194 Prereq: HST.190 G (Fall; second half of term) 1-0-1 units Introduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Hernan #### HST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: None G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Provides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students. HST Faculty #### HST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.� HST Faculty #### HST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring; partial term) 9-19-12 units Intensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students. D. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise #### HST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Summer) 0-12-0 units Develop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into [HST.202](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.202 "HST.202") must be continued at the same hospital as [HST.201](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.201 "HST.201"). Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio #### HST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II Prereq: [HST.201](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.201 "HST.201") G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) 0-20-0 units Strengthens the skills developed in [HST.201](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.201 "HST.201") through a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish #### HST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering Prereq: Permission of instructor G (IAP, Spring) 2-12-10 units Introduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences. Restricted to HST MEMP students. Fall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche Spring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch #### HST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) 1-0-2 units Provides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor. N. Tetteh #### HST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship Prereq: HST.035 G (Fall, Spring, Summer) 0-12-0 units Individually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program. E. Edelman #### HST.420\[J\] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology Same subject as [2\.78\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.78J "2.78[J]"), 6.4530J Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-4-6 units See description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited. R. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard #### HST.431\[J\] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health Same subject as [11\.134\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=11.134J "11.134[J]") Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S See description under subject [11\.134\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=11.134J "11.134[J]"). Limited to 25. E. James, A. Chakraborty #### HST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad) Prereq: None U (IAP) 3-0-1 units Examines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors. Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details. H. Heller, B. Walker #### HST.438\[J\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Same subject as [5\.002\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.002J "5.002[J]"), [10\.380\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.380J "10.380[J]") Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-1 units Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.439 "HST.439[J]"). A. Chakraborty #### HST.439\[J\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Same subject as [5\.003\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.003J "5.003[J]"), [8\.245\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.245J "8.245[J]"), [10\.382\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.382J "10.382[J]") Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-1 units Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. [HST.438\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.438 "HST.438[J]") intended for first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.439 "HST.439[J]"). A. Chakraborty #### HST.450\[J\] Biological Physics Same subject as [8\.593\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.593J "8.593[J]") Prereq: [8\.044](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.044 "8.044") recommended but not necessary G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 4-0-8 units See description under subject [8\.593\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.593J "8.593[J]"). G. Benedek #### HST.452\[J\] Statistical Physics in Biology Same subject as [8\.592\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.592J "8.592[J]") Prereq: [8\.333](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.333 "8.333") or permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 3-0-9 units A survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution. M. Kardar, L. Mirny #### HST.460\[J\] Statistics for Neuroscience Research Same subject as [9\.073\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.073J "9.073[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-0-9 units See description under subject [9\.073\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.073J "9.073[J]"). E. N. Brown #### HST.482\[J\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Same subject as 6.8801J Subject meets with 6.8800J, [16\.456\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.456J "16.456[J]"), [HST.582\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.582J "HST.582[J]") Prereq: ([6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700") or permission of instructor) and ([2\.004](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.004 "2.004"), [6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000"), [16\.002](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.002 "16.002"), or [18\.085](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.085 "18.085")) Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring) 3-1-8 units See description under subject 6.8801J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells #### HST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-9 units Provides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews. S. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri #### HST.504\[J\] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology Same subject as [18\.418\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.418J "18.418[J]") Prereq: [6\.8701\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.8701 "6.8701[J]"), [18\.417](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.417 "18.417"), or permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit. See description under subject [18\.418\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.418J "18.418[J]"). B. Berger #### HST.506\[J\] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences Same subject as 6.8710J Subject meets with 6.8711J, [20\.390\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.390J "20.390[J]"), [20\.490](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.490 "20.490") Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016) and ([6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700") or [18\.600](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.600 "18.600")) G (Spring) 3-0-9 units See description under subject 6.8710J. D. K. Gifford #### HST.507\[J\] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution Same subject as 6.8700J, [20\.488\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.488J "20.488[J]") Subject meets with 6.8701J, [20\.387\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.387J "20.387[J]") Prereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [6\.1210](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.1210 "6.1210"), and [6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700")) or permission of instructor G (Fall) 4-0-8 units See description under subject 6.8700J. E. Alm, M. Kellis #### HST.508\[J\] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics Same subject as [1\.872\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.872J "1.872[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 4-0-8 units Develops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles. L. Mirny, T. Lieberman #### HST.515\[J\] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering Same subject as [16\.423\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.423J "16.423[J]"), [IDS.337\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=IDS.337J "IDS.337[J]") Prereq: [16\.06](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.06 "16.06"), [16\.400](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.400 "16.400"), or permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 3-0-9 units See description under subject [16\.423\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.423J "16.423[J]"). D. J. Newman #### HST.518\[J\] Human Systems Engineering Same subject as [16\.453\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.453J "16.453[J]") Subject meets with [16\.400](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.400 "16.400") Prereq: [6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700"), [16\.09](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.09 "16.09"), or permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-0-9 units See description under subject [16\.453\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.453J "16.453[J]"). L. A. Stirling #### HST.522\[J\] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions Same subject as [2\.79\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.79J "2.79[J]") Prereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=3.091\|5.111\|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012)) or permission of instructor G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units Principles of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the "unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs. I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.523\[J\] Cell-Matrix Mechanics Same subject as [2\.785\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.785J "2.785[J]") Prereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=3.091\|5.111\|5.112), and [2\.001](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.001 "2.001")) or permission of instructor G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units See description under subject [2\.785\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.785J "2.785[J]"). I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.524\[J\] Design of Medical Devices and Implants Same subject as [2\.782\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.782J "2.782[J]") Prereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=3.091\|5.111\|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012)) or permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-0-9 units See description under subject [2\.782\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.782J "2.782[J]"). I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.525\[J\] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach Same subject as [10\.548\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.548J "10.548[J]") Prereq: None Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall) 2-0-4 units Provides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment. R. K. Jain, L. Munn #### HST.526\[J\] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics Same subject as [10\.643\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.643J "10.643[J]") Subject meets with [10\.443](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.443 "10.443") Prereq: [5\.12](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.12 "5.12") or permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-6 units See description under subject [10\.643\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.643J "10.643[J]"). Limited to 40. D. G. Anderson #### HST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy Prereq: None Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 2-0-4 units Acceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced in-vivo dosimetry methods, including PET/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann #### HST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy Prereq: [18\.06](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.06 "18.06") Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 2-0-4 units Introduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann #### HST.535\[J\] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration Same subject as [2\.787\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.787J "2.787[J]") Prereq: ([Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016), [Chemistry (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=3.091\|5.111\|5.112), and [Physics I (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.01\|8.01L\|8.011\|8.012)) or permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-0-9 units Principles and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies. M. Spector #### HST.537\[J\] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease Same subject as [1\.631\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.631J "1.631[J]"), [2\.250\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.250J "2.250[J]") Subject meets with [1\.063](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.063 "1.063") Prereq: None Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 3-3-6 units See description under subject [1\.631\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.631J "1.631[J]"). L. Bourouiba #### HST.538\[J\] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease Same subject as [1\.881\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.881J "1.881[J]") Subject meets with [1\.088](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.088 "1.088") Prereq: [Biology (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.012\|7.013\|7.014\|7.015\|7.016) and ([1\.000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.000 "1.000") or [6\.100B](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.100B "6.100B")) G (Spring) 3-0-9 units See description under subject [1\.881\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.881J "1.881[J]"). T. Lieberman #### HST.539\[J\] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease Same subject as [5\.64\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.64J "5.64[J]") Prereq: [5\.13](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.13 "5.13"), [5\.601](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.601 "5.601"), [5\.602](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.602 "5.602"), and ([5\.07\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.07 "5.07[J]") or [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05")) Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 3-0-9 units See description under subject [5\.64\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.64J "5.64[J]"). A. Shalek, X. Wang #### HST.540\[J\] Human Physiology Same subject as [7\.20\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.20J "7.20[J]") Prereq: [7\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.05 "7.05") U (Fall) 5-0-7 units See description under subject [7\.20\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.20J "7.20[J]"). M. Krieger, O. Yilmaz #### HST.541\[J\] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing Same subject as [2\.794\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.794J "2.794[J]"), 6.4812J, [9\.021\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.021J "9.021[J]"), [20\.470\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.470J "20.470[J]") Subject meets with [2\.791\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.791J "2.791[J]"), 6.4810J, [9\.21\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.21J "9.21[J]"), [20\.370\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.370J "20.370[J]") Prereq: ([Physics II (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.02\|8.021\|8.022), [18\.03](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.03 "18.03"), and ([2\.005](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.005 "2.005"), [6\.2000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.2000 "6.2000"), [6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000"), [10\.301](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.301 "10.301"), or [20\.110\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.110 "20.110[J]"))) or permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 5-2-5 units See description under subject 6.4812J. J. Han, T. Heldt #### HST.542\[J\] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology Same subject as [2\.792\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.792J "2.792[J]"), 6.4820J Subject meets with [2\.796\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.796J "2.796[J]"), 6.4822J, [16\.426\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.426J "16.426[J]") Prereq: [Physics II (GIR)](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.02\|8.021\|8.022), [18\.03](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.03 "18.03"), or permission of instructor U (Fall) 4-2-6 units See description under subject 6.4820J. T. Heldt, R. G. Mark #### HST.552\[J\] Medical Device Design Same subject as [2\.75\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.75J "2.75[J]"), 6.4861J Subject meets with [2\.750\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.750J "2.750[J]"), 6.4860J Prereq: [2\.008](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.008 "2.008"), [6\.2040](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.2040 "6.2040"), [6\.2050](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.2050 "6.2050"), [6\.2060](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.2060 "6.2060"), [22\.071](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.071 "22.071"), or permission of instructor G (Spring) 3-3-6 units See description under subject [2\.75\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.75J "2.75[J]"). Enrollment limited. A. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes #### HST.560\[J\] Radiation Biophysics Same subject as [22\.55\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.55J "22.55[J]") Subject meets with [22\.055](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.055 "22.055") Prereq: Permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Fall) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 3-0-9 units See description under subject [22\.55\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.55J "22.55[J]"). Staff #### HST.562\[J\] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems Same subject as [9\.271\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.271J "9.271[J]"), [10\.562\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.562J "10.562[J]") Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-9 units Introduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological/molecular/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15. K. Chung #### HST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications Prereq: ([8\.03](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.03 "8.03") and [18\.03](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.03 "18.03")) or permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-1-9 units Introduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application. C. Catana #### HST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications Prereq: None G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units Covers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic/molecular imaging. HST Faculty #### HST.576\[J\] Topics in Neural Signal Processing Same subject as [9\.272\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.272J "9.272[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units See description under subject [9\.272\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.272J "9.272[J]"). E. N. Brown #### HST.580\[J\] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI Same subject as 6.8810J Prereq: [6\.3010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3010 "6.3010") Acad Year 2025-2026: G (Spring) Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered 3-0-9 units See description under subject 6.8810J. E. Adalsteinsson #### HST.582\[J\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Same subject as 6.8800J, [16\.456\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.456J "16.456[J]") Subject meets with 6.8801J, [HST.482\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.482J "HST.482[J]") Prereq: ([6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700") and ([2\.004](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.004 "2.004"), [6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000"), [16\.002](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.002 "16.002"), or [18\.085](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.085 "18.085"))) or permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 3-1-8 units See description under subject 6.8800J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells #### HST.583\[J\] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis Same subject as [9\.583\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.583J "9.583[J]") Prereq: [18\.05](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.05 "18.05") and ([18\.06](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.06 "18.06") or permission of instructor) Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall) 2-3-7 units Provides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful. J. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen #### HST.584\[J\] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques Same subject as [22\.561\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.561J "22.561[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 3-0-12 units Introduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included. L. Wald, B. Bilgic #### HST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series Prereq: None G (Fall, Spring) 1-0-0 units Can be repeated for credit. Seminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations. HST Faculty #### HST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. For students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students. Consult Faculty #### HST.714\[J\] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing Same subject as [9\.016\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.016J "9.016[J]") Prereq: ([6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000") and [8\.03](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.03 "8.03")) or permission of instructor G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 4-0-8 units Introduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered. S. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria #### HST.716\[J\] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception Same subject as 6.8830J Prereq: ([6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000") and ([6\.3700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3700 "6.3700") or [6\.3702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3702 "6.3702"))) or permission of instructor G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units See description under subject 6.8830J. L. D. Braida #### HST.723\[J\] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition Same subject as [9\.285\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.285J "9.285[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) 6-0-6 units Neural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar. J. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown #### HST.728\[J\] Spoken Language Processing Same subject as 6.8620J Prereq: [6\.3000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3000 "6.3000") and [6\.3900](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3900 "6.3900") Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 3-1-8 units See description under subject 6.8620J. J. R. Glass #### HST.916\[J\] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development Same subject as [7\.549\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.549J "7.549[J]"), [15\.137\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.137J "15.137[J]"), [20\.486\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.486J "20.486[J]") Prereq: None G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-4 units See description under subject [20\.486\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.486J "20.486[J]"). A. W. Wood #### HST.918\[J\] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries Same subject as [15\.141\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.141J "15.141[J]") Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-6 units Credit cannot also be received for [15\.1411](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.1411 "15.1411") See description under subject [15\.141\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.141J "15.141[J]"). J. Doyle #### HST.920\[J\] Principles and Practice of Drug Development Same subject as [10\.547\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.547J "10.547[J]"), [15\.136\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.136J "15.136[J]"), [IDS.620\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=IDS.620J "IDS.620[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-0-6 units See description under subject [15\.136\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.136J "15.136[J]"). S. Finkelstein #### HST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Subject meets with [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937"), [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") Prereq: None G (Spring) 2-0-1 units Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai #### HST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Subject meets with [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") Prereq: None G (Spring) 2-2-2 units Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai #### HST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Subject meets with [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") Prereq: None G (Spring) 2-2-8 units Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai #### HST.940\[J\] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications Same subject as [10\.555\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.555J "10.555[J]") Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units See description under subject [10\.555\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.555J "10.555[J]"). Gr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos #### HST.953\[J\] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments Same subject as 6.8850J Prereq: ([6\.7900](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.7900 "6.7900") and [6\.7930\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.7930 "6.7930[J]")) or permission of instructor Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Fall) 3-0-9 units Examines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling "implementation science," which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science. M. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb #### HST.956\[J\] Machine Learning for Healthcare Same subject as 6.7930J Prereq: [6\.3900](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.3900 "6.3900"), [6\.7810](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.7810 "6.7810"), [6\.7900](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.7900 "6.7900"), [6\.8611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=6.8611 "6.8611"), or [9\.520\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.520 "9.520[J]") Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered Acad Year 2026-2027: G (Spring) 4-0-8 units See description under subject 6.7930J. D. Sontag, P. Szolovits #### HST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Spring; second half of term) 1-0-3 units Explores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design. M. Cima #### HST.971\[J\] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures Same subject as [15\.363\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.363J "15.363[J]") Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-6 units See description under subject [15\.363\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.363J "15.363[J]"). J. Fleming, A. Zarur #### HST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, Spring) 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit. Through a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows. M. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera #### HST.978\[J\] Healthcare Ventures Same subject as [15\.367\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.367J "15.367[J]") Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-9 units Addresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students. M. Gray, Z. Chu #### HST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases Prereq: None G (IAP) 1-0-2 units Introduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions. J. J. Collins #### HST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: None G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Required for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions. J. Greenberg #### HST.THG Graduate Thesis Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Program of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor. Faculty #### HST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: None U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty #### HST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: None U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty #### HST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: None G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty #### HST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. P. Cariani #### HST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty #### HST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged \[P/D/F\] Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty #### HST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. M. Gray, F. Murray #### HST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit. Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty [Admissions](http://mitadmissions.org/apply)[Financial Aid](http://sfs.mit.edu/)[Registrar](http://web.mit.edu/registrar/)[IAP](http://web.mit.edu/iap/)[Summer](https://catalog.mit.edu/summer/)[Professional Education](http://professional.mit.edu/)[MITx](https://www.edx.org/school/mitx)[K-12](https://outreach.mit.edu/)[Campus Map](http://whereis.mit.edu/) [Directories](https://officesdirectory.mit.edu/)[About the Bulletin](https://catalog.mit.edu/about-bulletin/)[Nondiscrimination Policy](https://catalog.mit.edu/nondiscrimination-policy/)[Changes](https://catalog.mit.edu/changelog/)[Help](https://catalog.mit.edu/help/)[Accessibility](https://accessibility.mit.edu/) ![MIT](https://catalog.mit.edu/images/mit-logo-footer.svg) ![MIT Academic Bulletin](https://catalog.mit.edu/images/mit-bulletin-logo-footer-25-26.png) 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 [Back to top](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#header) Print Options [Send Page to Printer](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/) Print this page. [Download PDF of this Page](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology.pdf) The PDF includes all information on this page and its related tabs. Subject (course) information includes any changes approved for the current academic year. [Overview tab PDF](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_text.pdf) [Graduate tab PDF](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_graduatetext.pdf) [Faculty/Staff tab PDF](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_facultystafftext.pdf) [Subjects tab PDF](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology_subjectstext.pdf) [Download PDF of the Entire Catalog and/or Subject Descriptions](https://catalog.mit.edu/archive/) [Cancel](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/)
Readable Markdown	- [Overview](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#textcontainer) - [Graduate](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#graduatetextcontainer) - [Faculty/Staff](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#facultystafftextcontainer) - [Subjects](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/engineering/harvard-mit-health-sciences-technology/#subjectstextcontainer) Founded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the world’s oldest interdisciplinary educational programs focused on translational medical science and engineering. The program is an inter-institutional collaboration between MIT, Harvard, and local teaching hospitals, dedicated to fostering academic excellence, scientific rigor, and clinical expertise. Our MD, PhD, and MD-PhD students study side-by-side, gaining a deep understanding of the biomedical sciences, a strong quantitative foundation, and extensive hands-on clinical experience in Boston-area hospitals. HST students engage in translational research projects, collaborating with MIT and Harvard faculty drawn from across departments and disciplines to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. Alumni of the program are responsible for countless groundbreaking innovations, including the drug regimen that transformed HIV/AIDS into a treatable disease and the first non-invasive technology for observing the brain in action. HST has a home on each side of the Charles River. At MIT, the program is part of the [Institute for Medical and Engineering Science (IMES)](http://imes.mit.edu/) and represents the vanguard of IMES’ educational initiatives. At Harvard, the program is part of Harvard Medical School’s Program in Medical Education, housed within the Irving M. London Society. HST offers degrees in two multidisciplinary areas of graduate study: - Medical Sciences MD Program (MD degree conferred by Harvard Medical School) - Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Doctoral Program ## Graduate Study ### Medical Sciences (HST MD Program) #### Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s MD program is designed for bold, curious students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. Half of the students in our MD program have majored in biological sciences and half in physical sciences. They’re comfortable with mathematics and computational methods, biochemistry, and molecular biology. #### How is the HST MD program different from other MD programs? HST adds a new dimension to medical school. The HST MD curriculum highlights the frontiers of what is known and what remains to be discovered. HST students gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles underlying disease and acquire the clinical skills of traditional medical training. In addition, they undertake a meaningful research project in one of several hundred laboratories at Harvard, MIT, and local hospitals. It’s the perfect beginning to a multidisciplinary career as a physician-scientist. #### What degree will I earn? HST students earn an MD degree from Harvard Medical School. #### What can I do with this degree? Graduates of the program can become pioneering physician-scientists, ready to care for patients and lead translational research to develop preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic innovations. #### What can I expect? In their first two years, students build a deep understanding of the medical sciences and lay the groundwork for further exploration. They explore the complex mechanics of human biology, study the technical underpinnings of healthcare, and gain a fundamental knowledge of molecular biology, biotechnology, engineering, and the physical sciences. HST students also explore the human side of medical science, meeting with a variety of patients in clinical settings. They will also conduct research in a lab at MIT, Harvard, or one of the area teaching hospitals, building their expertise and learning from a thriving community of researchers, educators, and fellow students. Beginning in April of the second year, HST students join their classmates from the other curricular track at Harvard Medical School in clinical clerkships and electives, gaining valuable real-world experience in a clinical setting. #### How long will it take me to earn an MD degree from HST? The HST MD program is designed to be completed in four years, with an option to extend the program to five years by including a year of full-time research. This additional research year typically occurs after the second year of the MD curriculum. #### Can the HST MD be combined with other degree programs? Many HST MD students join the Harvard/MIT MD-PhD program, earning a PhD in addition to their medical training. HST MD student may also pursue dual degrees in business (MBA), public health (MPH), public policy (MPP). [More information](https://meded.hms.harvard.edu/combined-degrees) can be found on the program website. To learn more about the HST MD curriculum, visit the [HST program overview](https://meded.hms.harvard.edu/health-sciences-technology) on Harvard Medical School’s website. ### Medical Engineering and Medical Physics #### Is this program a good fit for me? HST’s Medical Engineering and Medical Physics (MEMP) PhD program offers a unique curriculum for engineers and scientists who want to impact patient care by developing innovations to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. We're committed to welcoming applicants from a wide range of communities, backgrounds, and experiences. #### How is HST’s MEMP PhD program different from other PhD programs? Each MEMP student chooses one of 11 technical concentrations and design an individualized curriculum to ground themself in the foundations of that discipline. They study medical sciences alongside MD students and become fluent in the language and culture of medicine through structured clinical experiences. They select a research project from among laboratories at MIT, Harvard, affiliated hospitals, and research institutes, then tackle important questions through the multiple lenses of their technical discipline and medical training. As a result, MEMP students will learn how to ask better questions, identify promising research areas, and translate research findings into real-world medical practice. #### What degree will I earn? MEMP students earn a PhD awarded by MIT or by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. #### What can I do with this degree? Lead pioneering efforts that translate technical work into innovations that improve human health and shape the future of medicine. #### How long will it take me to earn a PhD in HST’s MEMP program? Similar to other PhD programs in MIT's School of Engineering, the average time-to-degree for MEMP PhD students is less than six years. #### What can I expect? MEMP students begin by choosing a concentration in a classical discipline of engineering or physical science. During the first two years in HST, each student completes a series of subjects to learn the fundamentals of their chosen area. In parallel, they will become conversant in the biomedical sciences through preclinical coursework in pathology and pathophysiology, learning side-by-side with HST MD students. With that foundation, students will engage in truly immersive clinical experiences, gaining a hands-on understanding of clinical care, medical decision making, and the role of technology in medical practice. These experiences will help students become fluent in the language and culture of medicine and gain a first-hand understanding of the opportunities for—and constraints on—applying scientific and technological innovations in health care. MEMP students also take part in two seminar classes that help them to integrate science and engineering with medicine while developing their professional skills. Then, they design an individualized professional perspectives experience that allows them to explore career paths in an area of their choice: academia, medicine, industry, entrepreneurship, or the public sector. A two-stage qualifying examination tests their proficiency in their concentration area, their skill at integrating information from diverse sources into a coherent research proposal, and their ability to defend that research proposal in an oral presentation. Finally, as the culmination of their training, MEMP students investigate an important problem at the intersection of science, technology, and medicine through an individualized thesis research project, with opportunities to be mentored by faculty in laboratories at MIT, Harvard, and affiliated teaching hospitals. #### Additional Application Information Neuroimaging and bioastronautics are areas of specialization within MEMP for which HST offers specially designed training programs. MEMP candidates may choose to apply through MIT, Harvard, or both. Those applying to MEMP through MIT should submit a single application. Those applying to MEMP through Harvard must also apply to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences or the Biophysics Program. Additional information about applying to MEMP is available on the [MEMP website](https://hst.mit.edu/applying-hst/applying-medical-engineering-and-medical-physics-memp-phd-program). ## Inquiries [Visit the website](https://hst.mit.edu/) or [email HST](mailto:hst@mit.edu) for additional information on degree programs, admissions, and financial aid. ## Faculty and Teaching Staff Collin M. Stultz, MD, PhD Nina T. and Robert H. Rubin Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Co-Director, Health Sciences and Technology Program ### Professors Elfar Adalsteinsson, PhD Eaton-Peabody Professor Professor of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Daniel Griffith Anderson, PhD Joseph R. Mares ’24 Professor in Chemical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On sabbatical, spring) Bonnie Berger, PhD Simons Professor Professor of Mathematics Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Sangeeta N. Bhatia, MD, PhD John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lydia Bourouiba, PhD Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Emery N. Brown, MD, PhD Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, HMS Professor of Computational Neuroscience Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD John M. Deutch Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Chemistry Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Kwanghun Chung, PhD Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science James J. Collins, PhD Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Biological Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Elazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD Edward J. Poitras Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Medicine, HMS Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science John D. E. Gabrieli, PhD Grover Hermann Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lee Gehrke, PhD Hermann L. F. von Helmholtz Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Professor of Microbiology and Immunobiology, HMS Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Martha L. Gray, PhD Whitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Thomas Heldt, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Robert Langer, ScD David H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Mechanical Engineering Professor of Biological Engineering Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Leonid A. Mirny, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Physics Professor of Physics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Dava Newman, PhD Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics and Engineering Systems Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty (On leave, fall) David C. Page, MD Professor of Biology Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty Ellen Roche, PhD Professor of Mechanical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Associate Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering Alex K. Shalek, PhD J. W. Kieckhefer Professor Professor of Chemistry Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Charles G. Sodini, PhD Clarence J. LeBel Professor Post-Tenure of Electrical Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science David A. Sontag, PhD Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, fall) Peter Szolovits, PhD Professor Post-Tenure of Computer Science and Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Ioannis V. Yannas, PhD Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering Member, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty ### Associate Professors Marzyeh Ghassemi, PhD The Germeshausen Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Laura D. Lewis, PhD Athinoula A. Martinos Associate Professor Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (On leave, spring) Tami Lieberman, PhD Hermann L.F. von Helmholtz Career Development Professor Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Lonnie Petersen, MD, PhD Samuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### Senior Lecturers Henrike Besche, PhD Senior Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### Lecturers Sonal Jhaveri, PhD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science William M. Kettyle, MD Lecturer, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science ### HST Affiliated Faculty Ana Paula Abreu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Aaron Dominic Aguirre, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Pierre Ankomah, MD, PhD Instructor in Medicine, MGH Daniel Bauer, MD, PhD Donald S. Fredrickson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Berkin Bilgic, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD Samuel A. Levine Professor Professor of Medicine, BWH Brett Bouma, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Affiliate Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, BIDMC Sydney S. Cash, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology, MGH Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD Johnson and Johnson Professor Professor of Surgery, BIDMC Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, BCH George M. Church, PhD Robert Winthrop Professor Professor of Genetics, HMS George Daley, MD, PhD Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, BCH Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, HMS Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, BCH Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Stan N. Finkelstein, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Stuart A. Forman, MD, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, MGH Jason Aaron Freed, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Matthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Gaurav D. Gaiha, MD, DPhil Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Georg K. Gerber, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pathology, BWH Rajat M. Gupta, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Tayyaba Hasan, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Howard M. Heller, MPH, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH Miguel Hernan, MD, DrPH Kolkotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, HSPH Randy L. Hirschtick, MD, PhD Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Paul L. Huang, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH David Izquierdo-Garcia, PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology, MGH Felipe Jain, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, MGH Rakesh K. Jain, PhD A. Werk Cook Professor Professor of Radiation Oncology (Tumor Biology), MGH Ursula B. Kaiser, MD Professor of Medicine, BWH Sanjat Kanjilal, MD Assistant Professor in Population Medicine, HPHCI Jeffrey M. Karp, PhD Professor of Anaesthesia, BWH Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD Marion V. Nelson Professor Professor of Biomedical Informatics, HMS Professor of Pediatrics, BCH Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Anastasia Herta Koniaris, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, BIDMC Trevin Lau, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, MGH Mohini Lutchman, PhD Lecturer on Neurobiology, HMS Richard N. Mitchell, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, HMS Sahar Nissim, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BWH Lauren O’Donnell, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology, BWH Timothy P. Padera, PhD Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, MGH Shiv S. Pillai, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, MGH Bruce R. Rosen, MD, PhD Laurence Lamson Robbins Professor Professor of Radiology, MGH Elizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, HMS, MEE Douglas A. Rubinson, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Sol Schulman, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, BIDMC Shiladitya Sengupta, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, BWH Ann K. Shinn, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, McLean Harvey B. Simon, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH David Sosnovik, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Myron Spector, PhD Professor Emeritus of Orthopedic Surgery (Biomaterials), BWH/VAMC-Boston Judith M. Strymish, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, VAMC-Boston Steven M. Stufflebeam, MD Associate Professor of Radiology, MGH Joshua Tam, PhD Instructor in Dermatology, MGH Guillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, MGH Nii Ashitey Tetteh, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, MGH David Tsai Ting, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, MGH Mehmet Toner, PhD Helen Andrus Benedict Professor Professor of Surgery, MGH Benjamin Vakoc, PhD Associate Professor of Dermatology, MGH Allson S. Vise, MD Instructor in Medicine, BWH Internist, Department of Medicine, BWH Srinivas R. Viswanathan, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, DFCI Lawrence L. Wald, PhD Professor of Radiology, MGH M. Brandon Westover, MD, PhD Emily Fisher Landau Professor Professor of Neurology, BIDMC Seok-Hyun Yun, PhD Professor of Dermatology, MGH Joshua Charles Ziperstein, MD Instructor in Medicine, MGH ## Professors Emeriti George B. Benedek, PhD Alfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus of Biological Physics Richard J. Cohen, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering Roger Greenwood Mark, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology Thomas F. Weiss, PhD Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Bioengineering Professor Emeritus of Health Sciences and Technology IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects ([HST.011](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.011 "HST.011")\-[HST.200](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.200 "HST.200"))\: Students not enrolled in an HST program are limited to two HST preclinical courses and must provide justification for enrolling in these courses. This action must be approved by the course director and the student's advisor. These subjects are scheduled according to the Harvard Medical School academic calendar, which differs from the MIT calendar. Students whose graduation depends upon completing one or more of these subjects should take particular care regarding the schedule. \* [HST.163](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.163 "HST.163") and [HST.198](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.198 "HST.198") are NOT included in the two-course limit.* #### HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.010 "HST.010"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell #### HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under [HST.010](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.010 "HST.010"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell #### HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016"), which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz #### HST.017 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I Introduces fundamental concepts at the core of artificial intelligence (AI), as applied to health care problems. Didactic lectures, problem sets, and review/analyses of seminal papers in the field. Specific topics include: deep learning for clinical risk stratification, explaining complex machine learning models, bias and fairness in clinical machine learning, large language models, and Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT models). No background in AI or machine learning is required. Only HST students may register under [HST.016](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.016 "HST.016"), which is graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. M. Stultz #### HST.018 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Builds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.018 "HST.018"), which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz #### HST.019 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care II Builds upon on the core concepts covered in [HST.017](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.017 "HST.017"). Student selected projects explore specific clinical problems. Student groups are paired with machine learning experts who provide guidance. Only HST students may register under [HST.018](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.018 "HST.018"), which is graded P/D/F. C. M. Stultz #### HST.020 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics and biomechanics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.020 "HST.020"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas #### HST.021 Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Growth and development of normal bone and joints, the biophysics of bone and response to stress and fracture, calcium and phosphate homeostasis and regulation by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and disease of connective tissue, joints, and muscles, with consideration of possible mechanisms and underlying metabolic derangements. Only HST students may register under [HST.020](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.020 "HST.020"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Bouxsein, L. Gedmintas #### HST.022 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences I (New) Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. M. Dougan #### HST.024 Integrations & Innovation in Medical Sciences II (New) Provides instruction in applying basic science to clinical reasoning, as well as communication and interpersonal skills in interacting with patients, with a special focus on the healthcare system and health equity. Includes interactive case-based discussions, journal clubs, patient visits, and expert panels and guest speakers to explore the interdisciplinary topics and uncertainty in medicine. Restricted to first-year HST MD students. D. Vyas #### HST.030 Human Pathology Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues; pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology, laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Limited to 60; priority to HST students. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera #### HST.031 Human Pathology Introduction to the functional structure of normal cells and tissues, pathologic principles of cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, circulatory disorders, immunologic injury, infection, genetic disorders, and neoplasia in humans. Lectures, conferences emphasizing clinical correlations and contemporary experimental biology. Laboratories with examination of microscopic and gross specimens, and autopsy case studies emphasizing modern pathology practice. Only HST students may register under [HST.030](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.030 "HST.030"), graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. R. N. Mitchell, R. Padera #### HST.041 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis Deals with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Approach spans mechanisms from molecular to clinical aspects of disease. Topics selected for intrinsic interest and cover the demonstrated spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Only HST students may register under HST.040, graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment limited. K. Hysell #### HST.060 Endocrinology Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics also include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu #### HST.061 Endocrinology Physiology and pathophysiology of the human endocrine system. Three hours of lecture and section each week concern individual parts of the endocrine system. Topics include assay techniques, physiological integration, etc. At frequent clinic sessions, patients are presented who demonstrate clinical problems considered in the didactic lectures. Only HST students may register under [HST.060](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.060 "HST.060"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. W. Kettyle, Y-M. Chan, A. Abreu #### HST.071 Human Reproductive Biology Lectures and clinical case discussions designed to provide the student with a clear understanding of the physiology, endocrinology, and pathology of human reproduction. Emphasis is on the role of technology in reproductive science. Suggestions for future research contributions in the field are probed. Students become involved in the wider aspects of reproduction, such as prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, abortion, menopause, contraception and ethics relation to reproductive science. Only HST students may register under HST.070, graded P/D/F. D. Page, T. Lau, A. Collier #### HST.081 Hematology Intensive survey of the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of blood with systematic consideration of hematopoiesis, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, coagulation, plasma proteins, and hematologic malignancies. Emphasis given equally to didactic discussion and analysis of clinical problems. Enrollment limited. D. Bauer, S. Schulman #### HST.090 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.090 "HST.090"), graded P/D/F. C. Stultz, T. Heldt #### HST.091 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Normal and pathologic physiology of the heart and vascular system. Emphasis includes hemodynamics, electrophysiology, gross pathology, and clinical correlates of cardiovascular function in normal and in a variety of disease states. Special attention given to congenital, rheumatic, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Only HST students may register under [HST.090](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.090 "HST.090"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Stultz, T. Heldt #### HST.100 Respiratory Pathophysiology Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.100 "HST.100"), graded P/D/F. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert #### HST.101 Respiratory Pathophysiology Lectures, seminars, and laboratories cover the histology, cell biology, and physiological function of the lung with multiple examples related to common diseases of the lung. A quantitative approach to the physics of gases, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange is provided to explain pathological mechanisms. Use of medical ventilators is discussed in lecture and in laboratory experiences. For MD candidates and other students with background in science. Only HST students may register under [HST.100](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.100 "HST.100"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. C. Hardin, E. Roche, K. Hibbert #### HST.110 Renal Pathophysiology Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.110 "HST.110"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung #### HST.111 Renal Pathophysiology Considers the normal physiology of the kidney and the pathophysiology of renal disease. Renal regulation of sodium, potassium, acid, and water balance are emphasized as are the mechanism and consequences of renal failure. Included also are the pathology and pathophysiology of clinical renal disorders such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and vascular disease. New molecular insights into transporter mutations and renal disease are discussed. Only HST students may register under [HST.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.110 "HST.110"), graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. G. McMahon, M. Yeung #### HST.121 Gastroenterology Presents the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and bioengineering of the gastrointestinal tract and associated pancreatic, liver, and biliary systems. Emphasis on the molecular and pathophysiological basis of disease where known. Covers gross and microscopic pathology and clinical aspects. Formal lectures given by core faculty, with some guest lectures by local experts. Selected seminars conducted by students with supervision of faculty. Only HST students may register under HST.120, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. A. Rutherford, S. Flier #### HST.130 Neuroscience Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Limited to 50 HST students. J. Assad, M. Frosch #### HST.131 Neuroscience Comprehensive study of neuroscience where students explore the brain on levels ranging from molecules and cells through neural systems, perception, memory, and behavior. Includes some aspects of clinical neuroscience, within neuropharmacology, pathophysiology, and neurology. Lectures supplemented by conferences and labs. Labs review neuroanatomy at the gross and microscopic levels. Only HST students may register under [HST.130](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.130 "HST.130"), graded P/D/F. Limited to 50. J. Assad, M. Frosch #### HST.147 Biochemistry and Metabolism First-year graduate level intensive subject in human biochemistry and physiological chemistry that focuses on intermediary metabolism, structures of key intermediates and enzymes important in human disease. Subject is divided into four areas: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. The importance of these areas is underscored with examples from diseases and clinical correlations. Preparatory sessions meet in August. Only HST students may register under HST.146, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited. R. Sharma #### HST.151 Principles of Pharmacology Covers both general pharmacological principles (pharmacodynamics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, drug interactions, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaco-economics, and the placebo effect), and important clinical pharmacology areas (anti-microbials, general anesthetics, local anesthetics, autonomic modulation, anti-dysrhythmics, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatology, immunomodulation for organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, opioids and opioid use disorder, cannabinoids, and drug delivery engineering). In addition, students taking the subject for credit contribute to teaching by presenting and analyzing clinical cases and therapeutic strategies. Highly recommended that students have prior education in human physiology and pathophysiology. Subject follows HMS calendar. Restricted to HST MD & HST PhD students. S. Forman #### HST.160 Genetics in Modern Medicine Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160"), graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta #### HST.161 Genetics in Modern Medicine Provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, genetics, and medicine. Starts with an introduction to molecular genetics, and quickly transitions to the genetic basis of diseases, including chromosomal, mitochondrial and epigenetic disease. Translation of clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome, and molecule; the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics; and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis. Includes diagnostics (prenatal and adult), cancer genetics, and the development of genetic therapies (RNA, viral, and genome editing). The clinical relevance of these areas is underscored with patient presentations. Only HST students may register under [HST.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.160 "HST.160"), graded P/D/F. S. Nissim, R. Gupta #### HST.162 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.162 "HST.162"), P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li #### HST.163 Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Introduction of molecular diagnostic methods in medicine and relevant bioinformatics methods. Discussion of principles of molecular testing for diagnosis of somatic and germline diseases using FISH, classical genotyping, array CGH, next generation sequencing, and other technologies. Case conferences emphasize clinical correlation and integration of information from multiple diagnostic tests. Bioinformatics lectures, problem sets, and laboratory sessions will introduce key concepts in biological sequence analysis and provide experience with bioinformatics tools. HST.015 and [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Only HST students may register under [HST.162](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.162 "HST.162"), P/D/F. Enrollment limited, preference to HST students. G. Gerber, L. Li #### HST.164 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. D. Sosnovik, S. Huang #### HST.165 Principles of Biomedical Imaging I Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Particular emphasis on magnetic resonance; also covers ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures accompanied by problem sets and experiments with portable magnetic resonance systems and ultrasound systems. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. S. Huang, D. Sosnovik #### HST.166 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.166 "HST.166"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. \<em\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\</em\> #### HST.167 Principles of Biomedical Imaging II (New) Reviews fundamental principles and techniques underlying modern biomedical imaging, as well as their application in modern medicine. Builds upon concepts introduced in [HST.164](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.164 "HST.164") with an emphasis on magnetic resonance, extending hands-on laboratory work to include portable MRI experiments. Also covers applications of ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and optical techniques. Didactic lectures are paired with problem sets and laboratory sessions, focusing on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging. Focuses on the quantitative aspects of biomedical imaging and requires a knowledge of differential equations, and intermediate-level physics. Only HST students may register under [HST.166](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.166 "HST.166"), P/D/F. Restricted to HST students. \<em\>S. Huang, D. Sosnovik\</em\> #### HST.175 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong #### HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of each case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student website. Only HST students may register under [HST.175](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.175 "HST.175"), graded P/D/F. Limited to 45. S. Pillai, D. Wesemann, H. Wong #### HST.191 Introduction to Biostatistics Provides training in the use of statistics to comprehend, reason about, and communicate findings from the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on critical reading of studies published in the literature. Considers assessment of the importance of chance in the interpretation of experimental data from randomized studies and clinical trials. Topics surveyed include basic probability theory; approximate and exact inferential methods such as chi-squared and t-tests, ANOVA, and their permutation-based analogues; linear and generalized linear regression models; survival analysis; causal inference; and statistical data analysis using high-level programming languages such as R. Enrollment restricted to students in the HST program. N. Hejazi #### HST.192 Medical Decision Analysis and Probabilistic Medical Inference Teaches the essentials of quantitative diagnostic reasoning and medical decision analysis. Guides participants through the process of choosing an appropriate contemporary medical problem in which risk-benefit tradeoffs play a prominent role, conducting a decision analysis, and ultimately publishing the results in a medical journal. Topics include decision trees, influence diagrams, Markov decision models and Monte Carlo simulation, methods for quantifying patient values, Bayesian inference, decision thresholds, and the cognitive science of medical decision making. [HST.191](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.191 "HST.191") recommended. Limited to 8; preference to HST students. M. B. Westover #### HST.195 Clinical Epidemiology Introduces methods for the generation, analysis, and interpretation of data for clinical research. Major topics include the design of surveys, predictive models, randomized trials, clinical cohorts, and analyses of electronic health records. Prepares students to formulate well-defined research questions, design data collection, evaluate algorithms for clinical prediction, design studies for causal inference, and identify and prevent biases in clinical research. Emphasizes critical thinking and practical applications, including daily assignments based on articles published in major clinical journals and the discussion of a case study each week. Trains students to comprehend, critique, and communicate findings from the biomedical literature. Familiarity with regression modeling and basic statistical theory is a prerequisite. Only HST students may register under HST.194, graded P/D/F. Enrollment limited; restricted to medical and graduate students. M. Hernan #### HST.196 Teaching Health Sciences and Technology Provides teaching experience (classroom, laboratory, field, recitation, tutorial) under the direction of faculty member(s). Students may prepare instructional materials, lead discussion groups, provide individualized instruction, monitor students' progress, and gain experience delivering other educational elements. Limited to qualified graduate students. HST Faculty #### HST.198 Independent Study in Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for independent study of health sciences and technology under regular supervision by an HST faculty member. Projects require prior approval from the HST Academic Office, as well as a substantive paper.� HST Faculty #### HST.200 Introduction to Clinical Medicine Intensive preparation for clinical clerkships that introduces the basic skills involved in examination of the patient in addition to history taking and the patient interview. Provides exposure to clinical problems in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics. Students report their findings through history taking and oral presentations. Restricted to MD program students. D. Solomon, D. Rubinson, J. Irani, A. Vise #### HST.201 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering I Develop skills in patient interviewing and physical examination; become proficient at organizing and communicating clinical information in both written and oral forms; begin integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles; and become familiar with the clinical decision-making process and broad economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. There are two sections: one at Mount Auburn Hospital and one at West Roxbury VA Hospital, subsequent registration into [HST.202](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.202 "HST.202") must be continued at the same hospital as [HST.201](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.201 "HST.201"). Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish, R. Bonegio #### HST.202 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering II Strengthens the skills developed in [HST.201](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.201 "HST.201") through a six-week clerkship in medicine at a Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital. Students serve as full-time members of a ward team and participate in longitudinal patient care. In addition, students participate in regularly scheduled teaching conferences focused on principles of patient management. Restricted to MEMP students. C. Stultz, J. Strymish #### HST.207 Introduction to Clinical Medicine and Medical Engineering Introduction to the intricacies of clinical decision-making through broad exposure to how clinicians think and work in teams. Instruction provided in patient interviewing and physical examination; organizing and communicating clinical information in written and oral forms; and integrating history, physical, and laboratory data with pathophysiologic principles. Attention to the economic, ethical, and sociological issues involved in patient care. Consists of one-month immersive clinical experiences at MGH or Mt. Auburn Hospital, leveraging extensive educational resources across inpatient clinical floors, ambulatory clinics, procedural/surgical suites, diagnostic testing areas, simulation learning lab, and didactic settings, followed by a focused experience at MIT in which students develop a proposal to solve an unmet need identified during their clinical experiences. Restricted to HST MEMP students. Fall: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besche Spring: J. Ziperstein, P. Ankomah, C. Dennis, A. Yalcin, M. Gray, L. Lewis, C. Stultz, H. Besch #### HST.220 Introduction to the Care of Patients Provides an introduction to the care of patients through opportunities to observe and participate in doctor-patient interaction in clinical settings and a longitudinal preceptorship experience with HST alumni physicians. Students are exposed to some of the practical realities of providing patient care. Topics include basic interviewing; issues of ethics, bias, and confidentiality; and other aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The introductory session is held at HMS or Massachusetts General Hospital and the preceptorships are at several Harvard hospitals in Boston. Requirements include attendance at the introductory session and meetings scheduled with the preceptor. N. Tetteh #### HST.240 Translational Medicine Preceptorship Individually designed preceptorship joins together scientific research and clinical medicine. Students devote approximately half of their time to clinical experiences, and the remaining part to scholarly work in basic or clinical science. The two might run concomitantly or in series. Follow a clinical preceptor's daily activity, including aspects of patient care, attending rounds, conferences, and seminars. Research involves formal investigation of a focused and directed issue related to selected clinical area. Final paper required. Limited to students in the GEMS Program. E. Edelman #### HST.420\[J\] Principles and Practice of Assistive Technology See description under subject 6.4530J. Enrollment may be limited. R. C. Miller, J. E. Greenberg, J. J. Leonard #### HST.431\[J\] Infections and Inequalities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Global Health See description under subject [11\.134\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=11.134J "11.134[J]"). Limited to 25. E. James, A. Chakraborty #### HST.434 Evolution of an Epidemic (Study Abroad) Examines the medical, scientific, public health and policy responses to a new disease, by focusing on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic. Begins with a review of how this new disease was first detected in the US and Africa, followed by the scientific basis as to how HIV causes profound dysfunction of the body's immune defense mechanisms, the rational development of drugs and the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. Compares and contrasts the HIV pandemic with others that followed (e.g. COVID-19, mpox) and explores the lessons learned and not learned. The role of regional and international politics, public health and policy decisions, and the role that foreign aid have had in affecting the course of the global pandemic will be discussed. Class conducted in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa. Open to all majors. Limited to 20. Application required; see class website for eligibility details. H. Heller, B. Walker #### HST.438\[J\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.439 "HST.439[J]"). A. Chakraborty #### HST.439\[J\] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. [HST.438\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.438 "HST.438[J]") intended for first-year students; all others should take [HST.439\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.439 "HST.439[J]"). A. Chakraborty #### HST.450\[J\] Biological Physics See description under subject [8\.593\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=8.593J "8.593[J]"). G. Benedek #### HST.452\[J\] Statistical Physics in Biology A survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information content of DNA; gene finding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers; DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements; cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution. M. Kardar, L. Mirny #### HST.460\[J\] Statistics for Neuroscience Research See description under subject [9\.073\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.073J "9.073[J]"). E. N. Brown #### HST.482\[J\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing See description under subject 6.8801J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells #### HST.500 Frontiers in (Bio)Medical Engineering and Physics Provides a framework for mapping research topics at the intersection of medicine and engineering/physics in the Harvard-MIT community and covers the different research areas in MEMP (for example, regenerative biomedical technologies, biomedical imaging and biooptics). Lectures provide fundamental concepts and consider what's hot, and why, in each area. Training in scientific proposal writing (thesis proposals, fellowship applications, or research grant applications) through writing workshops. Topics include how to structure a novel research project, how to position research within the scientific community, how to present preliminary data effectively, and how to give and respond to peer reviews. S. Bhatia, D. Anderson, S. Jhaveri #### HST.504\[J\] Topics in Computational Molecular Biology See description under subject [18\.418\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=18.418J "18.418[J]"). B. Berger #### HST.506\[J\] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences See description under subject 6.8710J. D. K. Gifford #### HST.507\[J\] Advanced Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution See description under subject 6.8700J. E. Alm, M. Kellis #### HST.508\[J\] Evolutionary and Quantitative Genomics Develops deep quantitative understanding of basic forces of evolution, molecular evolution, genetic variations and their dynamics in populations, genetics of complex phenotypes, and genome-wide association studies. Applies these foundational concepts to cutting-edge studies in epigenetics, gene regulation and chromatin; cancer genomics and microbiomes. Modules consist of lectures, journal club discussions of high-impact publications, and guest lectures that provide clinical correlates. Homework assignments and final projects develop practical experience and understanding of genomic data from evolutionary principles. L. Mirny, T. Lieberman #### HST.515\[J\] Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering See description under subject [16\.423\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.423J "16.423[J]"). D. J. Newman #### HST.518\[J\] Human Systems Engineering See description under subject [16\.453\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=16.453J "16.453[J]"). L. A. Stirling #### HST.522\[J\] Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions Principles of materials science and cell biology underlying the development and implementation of biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices/implants, including artificial organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Employs a conceptual model, the "unit cell process for analysis of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation of biomaterials/devices in various organs, including matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Methodology of tissue and organ regeneration. Discusses methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs. I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.523\[J\] Cell-Matrix Mechanics See description under subject [2\.785\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.785J "2.785[J]"). I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.524\[J\] Design of Medical Devices and Implants See description under subject [2\.782\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.782J "2.782[J]"). I. V. Yannas, M. Spector #### HST.525\[J\] Tumor Microenvironment and Immuno-Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach Provides theoretical background to analyze and synthesize the most up-to-date findings from both laboratory and clinical investigations into solid tumor pathophysiology. Covers different topics centered on the critical role that the tumor microenvironment plays in the growth, invasion, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. Develops a systems-level, quantitative understanding of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, metastatic process, delivery of drugs and immune cells, and response to conventional and novel therapies, including immunotherapies. Discussions provide critical comments on the challenges and the future opportunities in research on cancer and in establishment of novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers to guide treatment. R. K. Jain, L. Munn #### HST.526\[J\] Future Medicine: Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics See description under subject [10\.643\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.643J "10.643[J]"). Limited to 40. D. G. Anderson #### HST.531 Medical Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy Acceleration of protons for radiation therapy; introduction into advanced techniques such as laser acceleration and dielectric wall acceleration. Topics include the interactions of protons with the patient, Monte Carlo simulation, and dose calculation methods; biological aspects of proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the role of contaminating neutrons; treatment planning and treatment optimization methods, and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT); the effect of organ motion and its compensation by use of image-guided treatment techniques; general dosimetry and advanced in-vivo dosimetry methods, including PET/CT and prompt gamma measurements. Outlook into therapy with heavier ions. Includes practical demonstrations at the Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann #### HST.533 Medical Imaging in Radiation Therapy Introduces imaging concepts and applications used throughout radiation therapy workflows, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). Advanced topics include proton imaging modalities, such as prompt gamma imaging and proton radiography/CT. Includes lectures regarding image reconstruction and image registration. Introduces students to open-source medical image computing software (3D Slicer, RTK, and Plastimatch). Includes imaging demonstrations at Massachusetts General Hospital. B. Winey, J. Schuemann #### HST.535\[J\] Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration Principles and practice of tissue engineering (TE) and organ regeneration (OR). Topics include: cellular/molecular processes that induce fibrosis following traumatic injury, surgical excision, disease, and aging; targets for treatment for induced regeneration; and the tools that can be used to formulate the treatments. Presents the basic science of organ regeneration. Principles underlying engineering strategies for employing select implantable or injectable biomaterial scaffolds, exogenous cells or their organelles, and drugs or regulatory molecules, for the formation of tissue in vitro (TE) and regeneration of tissues/organs in vivo (OR). Describes the technologies for producing biomaterial scaffolds and for incorporating cells and regulatory molecules into workable devices. Examples of clinical successes and failures of regenerative devices are analyzed as case studies. M. Spector #### HST.537\[J\] Dynamics and Modeling Across Scales: Physics, Environment, Health, and Disease See description under subject [1\.631\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.631J "1.631[J]"). L. Bourouiba #### HST.538\[J\] Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease See description under subject [1\.881\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=1.881J "1.881[J]"). T. Lieberman #### HST.539\[J\] Advances in Interdisciplinary Science in Human Health and Disease See description under subject [5\.64\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=5.64J "5.64[J]"). A. Shalek, X. Wang #### HST.540\[J\] Human Physiology See description under subject [7\.20\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=7.20J "7.20[J]"). M. Krieger, O. Yilmaz #### HST.541\[J\] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing See description under subject 6.4812J. J. Han, T. Heldt #### HST.542\[J\] Quantitative and Clinical Physiology See description under subject 6.4820J. T. Heldt, R. G. Mark #### HST.552\[J\] Medical Device Design See description under subject [2\.75\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=2.75J "2.75[J]"). Enrollment limited. A. H. Slocum, E. Roche, N. C. Hanumara, G. Traverso, A. Pennes #### HST.560\[J\] Radiation Biophysics See description under subject [22\.55\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=22.55J "22.55[J]"). Staff #### HST.562\[J\] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems Introduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological/molecular/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15. K. Chung #### HST.563 Imaging Biophysics and Clinical Applications Introduction to the connections and distinctions among various imaging modalities (x-ray, optical, ultrasound, MRI, PET, SPECT, EEG), common goals of biomedical imaging, broadly defined target of biomedical imaging, and the current practical and economic landscape of biomedical imaging research. Emphasis on applications of imaging research. Final project consists of student groups writing mock grant applications for biomedical imaging research project, modeled after an exploratory National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant application. C. Catana #### HST.565 Medical Imaging Sciences and Applications Covers biophysical, biomedical, mathematical and instrumentation basics of positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), optical Imaging and ultrasound. Topics include particles and photon interactions, nuclear counting statistics, gamma cameras, and computed tomography as it pertains to SPECT and PET (PET-CT, PET-MR, time-of-flight PET), MR physics and various sequences, optical and ultrasound physics foundations for imaging. Discusses clinical applications of PET and MR in molecular imaging of the brain, the heart, cancer and the role of AI in medical imaging. Includes medical demonstration lectures of SPECT, PET-CT and PET-MR imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. Considers the ways imaging techniques are rooted in physics, engineering, and mathematics, and their respective role in anatomic and physiologic/molecular imaging. HST Faculty #### HST.576\[J\] Topics in Neural Signal Processing See description under subject [9\.272\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=9.272J "9.272[J]"). E. N. Brown #### HST.580\[J\] Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction in MRI See description under subject 6.8810J. E. Adalsteinsson #### HST.582\[J\] Biomedical Signal and Image Processing See description under subject 6.8800J. J. Greenberg, E. Adalsteinsson, W. Wells #### HST.583\[J\] Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis Provides background necessary for designing, conducting, and interpreting fMRI studies in the human brain. Covers in depth the physics of image encoding, mechanisms of anatomical and functional contrasts, the physiological basis of fMRI signals, cerebral hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling. Also covers design methods for stimulus-, task-driven and resting-state experiments, as well as workflows for model-based and data-driven analysis methods for data. Instruction in brain structure analysis and surface- and region-based analyses. Laboratory sessions include data acquisition sessions at the 3 Tesla MRI scanner at MIT and the Connectom and 7 Tesla scanners at the MGH/HST Martinos Center, as well as hands-on data analysis workshops. Introductory or college-level neurobiology, physics, and signal processing are helpful. J. Polimeni, A. Yendiki, J. Chen #### HST.584\[J\] Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques Introduction to basic NMR theory. Examples of biochemical data obtained using NMR summarized along with other related experiments. Detailed study of NMR imaging techniques includes discussions of basic cross-sectional image reconstruction, image contrast, flow and real-time imaging, and hardware design considerations. Exposure to laboratory NMR spectroscopic and imaging equipment included. L. Wald, B. Bilgic #### HST.590 Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series Seminars focused on the development of professional skills for biomedical engineers and scientists. Each term focuses on a different topic, resulting in a repeating cycle that covers biomedical and research ethics, business and entrepreneurship, global health and biomedical innovation, and health systems and policy. Includes guest lectures, case studies, interactive small group discussions, and role-playing simulations. HST Faculty #### HST.599 Research in Health Sciences and Technology For students conducting pre-thesis research or lab rotations in HST, in cases where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Hours arranged with research advisor. Restricted to HST students. Consult Faculty #### HST.714\[J\] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing Introduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered. S. S. Ghosh, H. H. Nakajima, S. Puria #### HST.716\[J\] Signal Processing by the Auditory System: Perception See description under subject 6.8830J. L. D. Braida #### HST.723\[J\] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition Neural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar. J. McDermott, D. Polley, M. C. Brown #### HST.728\[J\] Spoken Language Processing See description under subject 6.8620J. J. R. Glass #### HST.916\[J\] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development See description under subject [20\.486\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=20.486J "20.486[J]"). A. W. Wood #### HST.918\[J\] Economics and Analytics of Health Care Industries See description under subject [15\.141\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.141J "15.141[J]"). J. Doyle #### HST.920\[J\] Principles and Practice of Drug Development See description under subject [15\.136\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.136J "15.136[J]"). S. Finkelstein #### HST.936 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai #### HST.937 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik. M. Somai #### HST.938 Global Health Informatics to Improve Quality of Care Addresses issues related to how health information systems can improve the quality of care in resource poor settings. Discusses key challenges and real problems; design paradigms and approaches; and system evaluation and the challenges of measuring impact. Weekly lectures led by internationally recognized experts in the field. Students taking [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936"), [HST.937](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.937 "HST.937") and [HST.938](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.938 "HST.938") attend common lectures; assignments and laboratory time differ. [HST.936](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=HST.936 "HST.936") has no laboratory. L. G. Celi, H. S. Fraser, V. Nikore, K. Paik, M. Somai #### HST.940\[J\] Bioinformatics: Principles, Methods and Applications See description under subject [10\.555\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=10.555J "10.555[J]"). Gr. Stephanopoulos, I. Rigoutsos #### HST.953\[J\] Clinical Data Learning, Visualization, and Deployments Examines the practical considerations for operationalizing machine learning in healthcare settings, with a focus on robust, private, and fair modeling using real retrospective healthcare data. Explores the pre-modeling creation of dataset pipeline to the post-modeling "implementation science," which addresses how models are incorporated at the point of care. Students complete three homework assignments (one each in machine learning, visualization, and implementation), followed by a project proposal and presentation. Students gain experience in dataset creation and curation, machine learning training, visualization, and deployment considerations that target utility and clinical value. Students partner with computer scientists, engineers, social scientists, and clinicians to better appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of data science. M. Ghassemi, L. A. Celi, N. McCague and E. Gottlieb #### HST.956\[J\] Machine Learning for Healthcare See description under subject 6.7930J. D. Sontag, P. Szolovits #### HST.962 Medical Product Development and Translational Biomedical Research Explores the translation of basic biomedical science into therapies. Topics span pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics development. Exposes students to strategic assessment of clinical areas, product comparison, regulatory risk assessment by indication, and rational safety program design. Develops quantitative understanding of statistics and trial design. M. Cima #### HST.971\[J\] Strategic Decision Making in Life Science Ventures See description under subject [15\.363\[J\]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=15.363J "15.363[J]"). J. Fleming, A. Zarur #### HST.974 Innovating for Mission Impact in Medicine and Healthcare Through a mentored experience, and in conjunction with the MIT Catalyst program, participants develop and validate a small portfolio of research opportunities/proposals. Provides experience with critical professional skills (interfacing with diverse experts, research strategy, critically evaluating the landscape and potential to add value, proposal development, communication, etc.) that heightens the potential to have meaningful impact through their work and career. Restricted to MIT Catalyst Fellows. M. Gray, B. Vakoc, T. Padera #### HST.978\[J\] Healthcare Ventures Addresses healthcare entrepreneurship with an emphasis on startups bridging care re-design, digital health, medical devices, and new healthcare business models. Includes prominent speakers and experts from key domains across venture capital, medicine, pharma, med devices, regulatory, insurance, software, design thinking, entrepreneurship, including many alumni from the class sharing their journeys. Provides practical experiences in venture validation/creation through team-based work around themes. Illustrates best practices in identifying and validating health venture opportunities amid challenges of navigating healthcare complexity, team dynamics, and venture capital raising process. Intended for students from engineering, medicine, public health, and MBA programs. Video conference facilities provided to facilitate remote participation by Executive MBA and traveling students. M. Gray, Z. Chu #### HST.980 Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases Introduces contemporary challenges in preventing, detecting, diagnosing and treating emerging and newly emerging pathogens. Provides students with team-based opportunities to brainstorm, propose and present innovative solutions to such challenges. Expert lecturers discuss emerging problems in infectious diseases. Includes brainstorming sessions in which student teams identify problems in infectious diseases and propose innovative solutions. The teams then prepare and deliver short presentations, outlining identified problems and solutions. J. J. Collins #### HST.999 Practical Experience in Health Sciences and Technology Required for HST PhD students to gain professional perspective in research experiences, academic experiences, or internships related to health sciences and technology. Professional perspective options include: internships (with industry, government, medicine or academia), industrial or medical colloquia or seminars, research collaboration with industry or government, and professional development for entry into academia or entrepreneurial engagement. For an internship experience, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment. Upon completion of the activity, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report written by the student. Consult HST's Academic Office for details on procedures and restrictions. J. Greenberg #### HST.THG Graduate Thesis Program of research leading to the writing of a PhD or ScD thesis or an HST SM thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate faculty advisor. Faculty #### HST.UR Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP, signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty #### HST.URG Undergraduate Research in Health Sciences and Technology Extended participation in the work of a faculty member or research group. Research is arranged by mutual agreement between the student and a member of the faculty of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, and may continue over several terms. Registration requires submission of a written proposal to the MIT UROP Office; signed by the faculty advisor and approved by the department. A summary report must be submitted at the end of each term. HST Faculty #### HST.S16 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S17 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S18 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S19 Special Graduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to Health Sciences and Technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S46 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S47 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S48 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S49 Special Undergraduate Subject: Health Sciences and Technology Group study of subjects related to health sciences and technology not otherwise included in the curriculum. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S56 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S57 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S58 Special Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty #### HST.S59 Special Graduate Subject: Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics Program not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by IMES/HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. IMES/HST Faculty #### HST.S78 Special Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects related to the Speech and Hearing Sciences not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings initiated by members of the SHS faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic; consult faculty at time of offering. P. Cariani #### HST.S96 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST/IMES faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty #### HST.S97 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST Faculty #### HST.S98 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. M. Gray, F. Murray #### HST.S99 Special Graduate Subject: Biomedical Entrepreneurship Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects relating to biomedical entrepreneurship not otherwise included in the curriculum. Offerings are initiated by HST faculty on an ad hoc basis subject to program approval. Prerequisites may vary by topic. Consult faculty at time of offering. HST/IMES Faculty
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