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Best Ways to Grow Your Research Publication List
Sep 20, 2022
11,497
Wordvice KH
As academics, our careers revolve around the number of papers that we publish. Although the length of someoneās publication list does not necessarily reflect that personās intelligence or contribution to the scientific community, research institutes, companies, and even nonprofit organizations use publication lists to compare the candidatesā merits. However, research projects can take a long time to complete, and studies can last for decades! How, then, can we increase our publication count if we canāt speed up the investigative process?
The answer to this question is quite simple: look for other ways to become published. Original research articles are not the only type of manuscript that people use to measure your accomplishments. The following is a quick overview that weāve prepared of various publishable manuscripts that you can create to successfully launch your budding academic career! Included is a brief description of each type of writing, its unique content features (if any), whether the works are generally solicited by editors, and statistics about the
number of authors
, cited references in the paper, and word count. We also list a few examples for you to peruse.
As always, when you draft a manuscript with a journal in mind, please make sure to review the most recent articles from that publication for stylistic preferences. In addition, read through the journalās
guide for authors
to confirm the editorsā requirements. And be sure to receive
editing services
to enhance your paperās impact before submitting it to any journal.
Literature Type
Description
Example
Original Research Papers, including Clinical Cases Studies
Ā
Ā
Ā
An article that discusses the details of recent original projects, including their data, results, and findings. This type of work includes references and figures.
Word count: ~3,000 words
Abstract: Yes
References: many journals have a cap of 50-60 references
Figures/Tables: ~5-8 [many journals have a cap at 5]
Solicited: Usually unsolicited
No.Ā of Authors
: ~5, though usually no limit
Common genetic variation drives molecular heterogeneity in human iPSCs
Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1
Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st centuries
The association between Western and Prudent dietary patterns and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes and normal glucose metabolism in older Australian adults
A Trial of Itraconazole or Amphotericin B for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis
Hubble Law: Measure and Interpretation
Brief Reports/ Case Reports
A short manuscript that shares recent, validated findings by focusing on a single, novel concept such as a new approach to therapy or first-time reports of clinical cases. For example, a
case report
can discuss
one to three patients or a single family
.
Word count: ~1,000-2,000
Abstract: Yes (shorter summary than original research paper abstract)
References: <20
Figures/Tables: ~2-3
Solicited: Usually unsolicited
No. of Authors
: ~5
Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Review Articles
A paper that summarizes recently published developments on a topic without adding new data. Typically, the explored studies must be no older than six to twelve months, and the authors use an
objective
approach to providing new insight on the topic.
Word count: ~4,000 words
Abstract: Yes
References: <60-100 (usually contains more references than an original research article)
Figures/Tables: ~5
Solicited: Generally solicited, but editors often accept unsolicited materials. Propose a topic to the editors before drafting.
No. of Authors: 1-3
Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production
Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence
Making the Case for Causal Dynamical Triangulations
Systematic Reviews/ Meta-Analyses
As a comprehensive review of a highly relevant topic, this type of manuscript frequently covers the history of the subject and a survey of approaches and strategies. This exhaustive
literature review
uses explicit methods and analyzes data from other studies. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may be used to assign varying weights to the studies analyzed. In essence, a systematic review can be a cost-effective way to answer your research question without launching a new investigation.
Word count: <5,000
Abstract: Yes
PRISMA statement
: Yes
References: <100 Figures/Tables: ~5-8
Solicited: Unsolicited
No. of Authors: 1-3
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses
Vitamin C and the common cold
. For additional examples, see ā
Systematic reviews.
Research Letters to the Editor
Concise presentation of original, validated findings.
Word count: up to ~700 words
Abstract: No
References: <6
Figures/Tables: 1-2
Solicited: Can be unsolicited
No.Ā of Authors
: ~3-5
Slush-like polar structures in single-crystal relaxors
Trial of Transplantation of HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients
Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling
Letters to the Editor regarding Recently Published Articles
A short, reactionary letter regarding an article recently published by the journal. References are generally used to rebut, clarify or concur with claims presented in the published article, and the authors of the study being challenged can respond to the letter. The commenters sometimes use the letters to suggest other implications of a paperās findings.
Word count: ~300-500 words
Abstract: No
References: <5
Figures/Tables: 0-1
Solicited: Unsolicited
No. of Authors: ~3 (some journals allow up to 10)
Correspondence: Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study
. Case 8-2017: A Zimbabwean Man with Severe Headache
Junior scientists: Senior scientists as allies for equity
. Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling
Editorials: Opinions and Other Commentaries
Various journals have different types of editorials. Clinical journals may focus on policies, ethical issues, and other current global issues that can affect clinical studies. These articles can also suggest new methods (e.g., new technologies and software) and policies that affect the practical aspects of being a researcher. Since these manuscripts aim to enrich scientific knowledge by providing insights into matters that can affect the readership community, these articles are often solicited by editors.
Word count: up to ~2,000 words
Abstract: None
References: <10 Figures/Tables: 0
Solicited: A journal may have several categories of editorial content, some of which are solicited, while others are not. Even when generally solicited, editors may accept proposals.
No. of Authors: 1-3
Reassess dam building in the Amazon
Empty rhetoric over data sharing slows science
.
A Tale of Two Doctors ā Structural Inequalities and the Culture of Medicine
Perspectives/ Theoretical Papers
Survey articles that assess theories, models, concepts, and their controversies from a more
subjective
approach.
Word count: a wide range of 1,000-7,000
Abstract: Yes
References: <10-100 (depending on the article length)
Figures/Tables: <1-2
Solicited: Unsolicited but proposals may be accepted
No. of Authors: <3
Replication Catastrophe: When a Checkpoint Fails because of Exhaustion
Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin
The Waiting Game ā Why Providers May Fail to Reduce Wait Times
Specialized Articles regarding Protocols, Data Sharing, and other Methodology-Related Content
Research Elements
is the trademarked name for Elsevierās line of specialized short papers on sharing data, software code, developed materials and methods, and video articles. Other publishers carry similar articles, such as
Nature
ās ā
Protocols
.ā This type of manuscript is short and usually peer-reviewed; however, some journals such as
Protocols
have more robust requirements, which are similar to those for full original research articles. The purpose of these documents is to promote transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration and may or may not have open access.
Word count: <3,000
Abstract: Yes
References: depends on the length but can range from 1 to ~50. A minimum requirement maybe 1: the study that demonstrates the method or protocol featured in this manuscript.
Figures/Tables: <5
Solicited: Varies. Research Elements are unsolicited. Journals such as
Protocols
publish solicited works. Even if solicited, proposals may be accepted.
No. of Authors: <3; one of the authors may need to be an author of the original research paper that applies the method discussed in the protocol paper (e.g., see
Nature Protocols
requirements)
Biological and chemical strategies for exploring inter- and intra-kingdom communication mediated via bacterial volatile signals
m
RNA quantification using single-molecule FISH in Drosophila embryos
Generation of iPSC line HEL47.2 from healthy human adult fibroblasts
Data on blueberry peroxidase kinetic characterization and stability towards thermal and high-pressure processing
Book Reviews
As the category title suggests, this article type focuses on examining relevant books of interest to the journalās readership. A manuscript may cover a single book or several based on a theme.
Word count: 500-700 words
Abstract: No
References: No
Figures/Tables: No
Solicited: Solicited, but proposals may be accepted. Some editors have a specific list of books they may have slated for review, so you can ask them if you can participate in the book review process.
No. of Authors: 1
Natural history: Thoreauās debt to Darwin
Astronomy: An all-American eclipse
Conference Papers/ Conference Proceedings
Although conference papers are based on research, they can focus solely on preliminary findings. Additionally, some fields such as computer science highly value conference paper publications. In addition, many universities and institutions may value journal publications more, but the academic community still finds merit in conference papers. In any case, publishing conference papers with organizations can help generate momentum for you as you continue your research. For example, some publications under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) allow the
conversion of conference papers into more substantial journal paper
IEEE is also respected for its published conference proceedings.
Length: <6 pages
Abstract: Yes
References <50 Figures/Tables: <5
Solicited: Unsolicited; submissions made in advance of the conference (~6 months minimum)
of Authors: Varies but generally <3
May need to be present at a conference to present your article
A distributed cloud resource management framework for High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications
Does Gamification Work? ā A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification
Estimation of coal consumption rate based on operating parameters
.
Related Articles
The following list offers sites (other than those linked in the article above) that provide additional definitions and examples of manuscripts published in academic journals:
Elsevier article types
Elsevier Research Elements Program to promote data sharing
Other material published inĀ
Nature
MainĀ
article types published byĀ
Nature
The New England Journal of Medicine
Ā article types
IEEEĀ
Xplore
Ā Digital Library
, a database of IEEE-published conference papers
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Best Ways to Grow Your Research Publication List
Sep 20, 2022
11,497
# Best Ways to Grow Your Research Publication List
* Wordvice KH*
As academics, our careers revolve around the number of papers that we publish. Although the length of someoneās publication list does not necessarily reflect that personās intelligence or contribution to the scientific community, research institutes, companies, and even nonprofit organizations use publication lists to compare the candidatesā merits. However, research projects can take a long time to complete, and studies can last for decades! How, then, can we increase our publication count if we canāt speed up the investigative process?
The answer to this question is quite simple: look for other ways to become published. Original research articles are not the only type of manuscript that people use to measure your accomplishments. The following is a quick overview that weāve prepared of various publishable manuscripts that you can create to successfully launch your budding academic career! Included is a brief description of each type of writing, its unique content features (if any), whether the works are generally solicited by editors, and statistics about the [number of authors](https://blog.wordvice.com/journal-article-author-order/), cited references in the paper, and word count. We also list a few examples for you to peruse.
As always, when you draft a manuscript with a journal in mind, please make sure to review the most recent articles from that publication for stylistic preferences. In addition, read through the journalās [guide for authors](https://blog.wordvice.com/manuscript-format-journal-author-instructions/) to confirm the editorsā requirements. And be sure to receive [editing services](https://wordvice.com/) to enhance your paperās impact before submitting it to any journal.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| **Literature Type** | **Description** | **Example** |
| Original Research Papers, including Clinical Cases Studies | An article that discusses the details of recent original projects, including their data, results, and findings. This type of work includes references and figures. Word count: ~3,000 words Abstract: Yes References: many journals have a cap of 50-60 references Figures/Tables: ~5-8 \[many journals have a cap at 5\] Solicited: Usually unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~5, though usually no limit | [Common genetic variation drives molecular heterogeneity in human iPSCs](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22403.html) [Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1](http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2000784) [Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st centuries](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15697) [The association between Western and Prudent dietary patterns and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes and normal glucose metabolism in older Australian adults](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844017300543) [A Trial of Itraconazole or Amphotericin B for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1613306#t=article) [Hubble Law: Measure and Interpretation](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-017-0093-4) |
| Brief Reports/ Case Reports | A short manuscript that shares recent, validated findings by focusing on a single, novel concept such as a new approach to therapy or first-time reports of clinical cases. For example, a [case report](https://blog.wordvice.com/title-and-abstract-guidelines-for-medical-case-reports/) can discuss [one to three patients or a single family](http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/article-types). Word count: ~1,000-2,000 Abstract: Yes (shorter summary than original research paper abstract) References: \<20 Figures/Tables: ~2-3 Solicited: Usually unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~5 | [Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1614835) |
| Review Articles | A paper that summarizes recently published developments on a topic without adding new data. Typically, the explored studies must be no older than six to twelve months, and the authors use an **objective** approach to providing new insight on the topic. Word count: ~4,000 words Abstract: Yes References: \<60-100 (usually contains more references than an original research article) Figures/Tables: ~5 Solicited: Generally solicited, but editors often accept unsolicited materials. Propose a topic to the editors before drafting. No. of Authors: 1-3 | [Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-017-0046) [Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1615439) [Making the Case for Causal Dynamical Triangulations](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-015-9972-8) |
| Systematic Reviews/ Meta-Analyses | As a comprehensive review of a highly relevant topic, this type of manuscript frequently covers the history of the subject and a survey of approaches and strategies. This exhaustive [literature review](https://blog.wordvice.com/how-to-write-a-literature-review/) uses explicit methods and analyzes data from other studies. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may be used to assign varying weights to the studies analyzed. In essence, a systematic review can be a cost-effective way to answer your research question without launching a new investigation. Word count: \<5,000 Abstract: Yes [PRISMA statement](http://www.prisma-statement.org/): Yes References: \<100 Figures/Tables: ~5-8 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: 1-3 | [A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia](http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020141) [Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses](http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j448?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=TBMJ_UK_TrendMD-0) [Vitamin C and the common cold](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547201). For additional examples, see ā[Systematic reviews.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540847/) |
| Research Letters to the Editor | Concise presentation of original, validated findings. Word count: up to ~700 words Abstract: No References: \<6 Figures/Tables: 1-2 Solicited: Can be unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~3-5 | [Slush-like polar structures in single-crystal relaxors](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22068.html)[Trial of Transplantation of HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1705221)[Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352c.html) |
| Letters to the Editor regarding Recently Published Articles | A short, reactionary letter regarding an article recently published by the journal. References are generally used to rebut, clarify or concur with claims presented in the published article, and the authors of the study being challenged can respond to the letter. The commenters sometimes use the letters to suggest other implications of a paperās findings. Word count: ~300-500 words Abstract: No References: \<5 Figures/Tables: 0-1 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: ~3 (some journals allow up to 10) | [Correspondence: Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15572)[. Case 8-2017: A Zimbabwean Man with Severe Headache](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1704725)[Junior scientists: Senior scientists as allies for equity](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352e.html)[. Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352c.html) |
| Editorials: Opinions and Other Commentaries | Various journals have different types of editorials. Clinical journals may focus on policies, ethical issues, and other current global issues that can affect clinical studies. These articles can also suggest new methods (e.g., new technologies and software) and policies that affect the practical aspects of being a researcher. Since these manuscripts aim to enrich scientific knowledge by providing insights into matters that can affect the readership community, these articles are often solicited by editors. Word count: up to ~2,000 words Abstract: None References: \<10 Figures/Tables: 0 Solicited: A journal may have several categories of editorial content, some of which are solicited, while others are not. Even when generally solicited, editors may accept proposals. No. of Authors: 1-3 | [Reassess dam building in the Amazon](https://www.nature.com/news/reassess-dam-building-in-the-amazon-1.22135) [Empty rhetoric over data sharing slows science](https://www.nature.com/news/empty-rhetoric-over-data-sharing-slows-science-1.22133)[.](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1702140) [A Tale of Two Doctors ā Structural Inequalities and the Culture of Medicine](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1702140) |
| Perspectives/ Theoretical Papers | Survey articles that assess theories, models, concepts, and their controversies from a more **subjective** approach. Word count: a wide range of 1,000-7,000 Abstract: Yes References: \<10-100 (depending on the article length) Figures/Tables: \<1-2 Solicited: Unsolicited but proposals may be accepted No. of Authors: \<3 | [Replication Catastrophe: When a Checkpoint Fails because of Exhaustion](http://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765\(17\)30314-3) [Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22333.html) [The Waiting Game ā Why Providers May Fail to Reduce Wait Times](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1704478) |
| Specialized Articles regarding Protocols, Data Sharing, and other Methodology-Related Content | [Research Elements](https://www.elsevier.com/authors/author-services/research-elements) is the trademarked name for Elsevierās line of specialized short papers on sharing data, software code, developed materials and methods, and video articles. Other publishers carry similar articles, such as *Nature*ās ā*Protocols*.ā This type of manuscript is short and usually peer-reviewed; however, some journals such as *Protocols* have more robust requirements, which are similar to those for full original research articles. The purpose of these documents is to promote transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration and may or may not have open access. Word count: \<3,000 Abstract: Yes References: depends on the length but can range from 1 to ~50. A minimum requirement maybe 1: the study that demonstrates the method or protocol featured in this manuscript. Figures/Tables: \<5 Solicited: Varies. Research Elements are unsolicited. Journals such as *Protocols* publish solicited works. Even if solicited, proposals may be accepted. No. of Authors: \<3; one of the authors may need to be an author of the original research paper that applies the method discussed in the protocol paper (e.g., see *Nature Protocols* requirements) | [Biological and chemical strategies for exploring inter- and intra-kingdom communication mediated via bacterial volatile signals](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.023.html)[m](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.030.html) [RNA quantification using single-molecule FISH in Drosophila embryos](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.030.html) [Generation of iPSC line HEL47.2 from healthy human adult fibroblasts](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873506115000720) [Data on blueberry peroxidase kinetic characterization and stability towards thermal and high-pressure processing](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340917302354) |
| Book Reviews | As the category title suggests, this article type focuses on examining relevant books of interest to the journalās readership. A manuscript may cover a single book or several based on a theme. Word count: 500-700 words Abstract: No References: No Figures/Tables: No Solicited: Solicited, but proposals may be accepted. Some editors have a specific list of books they may have slated for review, so you can ask them if you can participate in the book review process. No. of Authors: 1 | [Natural history: Thoreauās debt to Darwin](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v545/n7655/full/545409a.html)[Astronomy: An all-American eclipse](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v545/n7655/full/545409a.html) |
| Conference Papers/ Conference Proceedings | Although conference papers are based on research, they can focus solely on preliminary findings. Additionally, some fields such as computer science highly value conference paper publications. In addition, many universities and institutions may value journal publications more, but the academic community still finds merit in conference papers. In any case, publishing conference papers with organizations can help generate momentum for you as you continue your research. For example, some publications under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) allow the [conversion of conference papers into more substantial journal paper](http://www.comsoc.org/twc/conference-vs-journal-papers) IEEE is also respected for its published conference proceedings. Length: \<6 pages Abstract: Yes References \<50 Figures/Tables: \<5 Solicited: Unsolicited; submissions made in advance of the conference (~6 months minimum) of Authors: Varies but generally \<3 May need to be present at a conference to present your article | [A distributed cloud resource management framework for High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7951735/) [Does Gamification Work? ā A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6758978/) [Estimation of coal consumption rate based on operating parameters](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7951516/). |
## **Related Articles**
The following list offers sites (other than those linked in the article above) that provide additional definitions and examples of manuscripts published in academic journals:
- Elsevier article types
- Elsevier Research Elements Program to promote data sharing
- [Other material published in *Nature*](https://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/others.html#book)
- Main [article types published by *Nature*](https://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/index.html)
- [*The New England Journal of Medicine* article types](http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/article-types)
- [IEEE *Xplore* Digital Library](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp), a database of IEEE-published conference papers
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| Readable Markdown | [Wordvice](https://wordvice.com/ "Home")
Best Ways to Grow Your Research Publication List
Sep 20, 2022
11,497
* Wordvice KH*
As academics, our careers revolve around the number of papers that we publish. Although the length of someoneās publication list does not necessarily reflect that personās intelligence or contribution to the scientific community, research institutes, companies, and even nonprofit organizations use publication lists to compare the candidatesā merits. However, research projects can take a long time to complete, and studies can last for decades! How, then, can we increase our publication count if we canāt speed up the investigative process?
The answer to this question is quite simple: look for other ways to become published. Original research articles are not the only type of manuscript that people use to measure your accomplishments. The following is a quick overview that weāve prepared of various publishable manuscripts that you can create to successfully launch your budding academic career! Included is a brief description of each type of writing, its unique content features (if any), whether the works are generally solicited by editors, and statistics about the [number of authors](https://blog.wordvice.com/journal-article-author-order/), cited references in the paper, and word count. We also list a few examples for you to peruse.
As always, when you draft a manuscript with a journal in mind, please make sure to review the most recent articles from that publication for stylistic preferences. In addition, read through the journalās [guide for authors](https://blog.wordvice.com/manuscript-format-journal-author-instructions/) to confirm the editorsā requirements. And be sure to receive [editing services](https://wordvice.com/) to enhance your paperās impact before submitting it to any journal.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| **Literature Type** | **Description** | **Example** |
| Original Research Papers, including Clinical Cases Studies | An article that discusses the details of recent original projects, including their data, results, and findings. This type of work includes references and figures. Word count: ~3,000 words Abstract: Yes References: many journals have a cap of 50-60 references Figures/Tables: ~5-8 \[many journals have a cap at 5\] Solicited: Usually unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~5, though usually no limit | [Common genetic variation drives molecular heterogeneity in human iPSCs](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22403.html) [Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1](http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2000784) [Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st centuries](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15697) [The association between Western and Prudent dietary patterns and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes and normal glucose metabolism in older Australian adults](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844017300543) [A Trial of Itraconazole or Amphotericin B for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1613306#t=article) [Hubble Law: Measure and Interpretation](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-017-0093-4) |
| Brief Reports/ Case Reports | A short manuscript that shares recent, validated findings by focusing on a single, novel concept such as a new approach to therapy or first-time reports of clinical cases. For example, a [case report](https://blog.wordvice.com/title-and-abstract-guidelines-for-medical-case-reports/) can discuss [one to three patients or a single family](http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/article-types). Word count: ~1,000-2,000 Abstract: Yes (shorter summary than original research paper abstract) References: \<20 Figures/Tables: ~2-3 Solicited: Usually unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~5 | [Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1614835) |
| Review Articles | A paper that summarizes recently published developments on a topic without adding new data. Typically, the explored studies must be no older than six to twelve months, and the authors use an **objective** approach to providing new insight on the topic. Word count: ~4,000 words Abstract: Yes References: \<60-100 (usually contains more references than an original research article) Figures/Tables: ~5 Solicited: Generally solicited, but editors often accept unsolicited materials. Propose a topic to the editors before drafting. No. of Authors: 1-3 | [Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-017-0046) [Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1615439) [Making the Case for Causal Dynamical Triangulations](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-015-9972-8) |
| Systematic Reviews/ Meta-Analyses | As a comprehensive review of a highly relevant topic, this type of manuscript frequently covers the history of the subject and a survey of approaches and strategies. This exhaustive [literature review](https://blog.wordvice.com/how-to-write-a-literature-review/) uses explicit methods and analyzes data from other studies. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may be used to assign varying weights to the studies analyzed. In essence, a systematic review can be a cost-effective way to answer your research question without launching a new investigation. Word count: \<5,000 Abstract: Yes [PRISMA statement](http://www.prisma-statement.org/): Yes References: \<100 Figures/Tables: ~5-8 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: 1-3 | [A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia](http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020141) [Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses](http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j448?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=TBMJ_UK_TrendMD-0) [Vitamin C and the common cold](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547201). For additional examples, see ā[Systematic reviews.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540847/) |
| Research Letters to the Editor | Concise presentation of original, validated findings. Word count: up to ~700 words Abstract: No References: \<6 Figures/Tables: 1-2 Solicited: Can be unsolicited [No. of Authors](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/authors1.html): ~3-5 | [Slush-like polar structures in single-crystal relaxors](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22068.html)[Trial of Transplantation of HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1705221)[Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352c.html) |
| Letters to the Editor regarding Recently Published Articles | A short, reactionary letter regarding an article recently published by the journal. References are generally used to rebut, clarify or concur with claims presented in the published article, and the authors of the study being challenged can respond to the letter. The commenters sometimes use the letters to suggest other implications of a paperās findings. Word count: ~300-500 words Abstract: No References: \<5 Figures/Tables: 0-1 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: ~3 (some journals allow up to 10) | [Correspondence: Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15572)[. Case 8-2017: A Zimbabwean Man with Severe Headache](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1704725)[Junior scientists: Senior scientists as allies for equity](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352e.html)[. Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/546352c.html) |
| Editorials: Opinions and Other Commentaries | Various journals have different types of editorials. Clinical journals may focus on policies, ethical issues, and other current global issues that can affect clinical studies. These articles can also suggest new methods (e.g., new technologies and software) and policies that affect the practical aspects of being a researcher. Since these manuscripts aim to enrich scientific knowledge by providing insights into matters that can affect the readership community, these articles are often solicited by editors. Word count: up to ~2,000 words Abstract: None References: \<10 Figures/Tables: 0 Solicited: A journal may have several categories of editorial content, some of which are solicited, while others are not. Even when generally solicited, editors may accept proposals. No. of Authors: 1-3 | [Reassess dam building in the Amazon](https://www.nature.com/news/reassess-dam-building-in-the-amazon-1.22135) [Empty rhetoric over data sharing slows science](https://www.nature.com/news/empty-rhetoric-over-data-sharing-slows-science-1.22133)[.](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1702140) [A Tale of Two Doctors ā Structural Inequalities and the Culture of Medicine](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1702140) |
| Perspectives/ Theoretical Papers | Survey articles that assess theories, models, concepts, and their controversies from a more **subjective** approach. Word count: a wide range of 1,000-7,000 Abstract: Yes References: \<10-100 (depending on the article length) Figures/Tables: \<1-2 Solicited: Unsolicited but proposals may be accepted No. of Authors: \<3 | [Replication Catastrophe: When a Checkpoint Fails because of Exhaustion](http://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765\(17\)30314-3) [Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin](https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v546/n7658/full/nature22333.html) [The Waiting Game ā Why Providers May Fail to Reduce Wait Times](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1704478) |
| Specialized Articles regarding Protocols, Data Sharing, and other Methodology-Related Content | [Research Elements](https://www.elsevier.com/authors/author-services/research-elements) is the trademarked name for Elsevierās line of specialized short papers on sharing data, software code, developed materials and methods, and video articles. Other publishers carry similar articles, such as *Nature*ās ā*Protocols*.ā This type of manuscript is short and usually peer-reviewed; however, some journals such as *Protocols* have more robust requirements, which are similar to those for full original research articles. The purpose of these documents is to promote transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration and may or may not have open access. Word count: \<3,000 Abstract: Yes References: depends on the length but can range from 1 to ~50. A minimum requirement maybe 1: the study that demonstrates the method or protocol featured in this manuscript. Figures/Tables: \<5 Solicited: Varies. Research Elements are unsolicited. Journals such as *Protocols* publish solicited works. Even if solicited, proposals may be accepted. No. of Authors: \<3; one of the authors may need to be an author of the original research paper that applies the method discussed in the protocol paper (e.g., see *Nature Protocols* requirements) | [Biological and chemical strategies for exploring inter- and intra-kingdom communication mediated via bacterial volatile signals](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.023.html)[m](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.030.html) [RNA quantification using single-molecule FISH in Drosophila embryos](http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v12/n7/full/nprot.2017.030.html) [Generation of iPSC line HEL47.2 from healthy human adult fibroblasts](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873506115000720) [Data on blueberry peroxidase kinetic characterization and stability towards thermal and high-pressure processing](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340917302354) |
| Book Reviews | As the category title suggests, this article type focuses on examining relevant books of interest to the journalās readership. A manuscript may cover a single book or several based on a theme. Word count: 500-700 words Abstract: No References: No Figures/Tables: No Solicited: Solicited, but proposals may be accepted. Some editors have a specific list of books they may have slated for review, so you can ask them if you can participate in the book review process. No. of Authors: 1 | [Natural history: Thoreauās debt to Darwin](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v545/n7655/full/545409a.html)[Astronomy: An all-American eclipse](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v545/n7655/full/545409a.html) |
| Conference Papers/ Conference Proceedings | Although conference papers are based on research, they can focus solely on preliminary findings. Additionally, some fields such as computer science highly value conference paper publications. In addition, many universities and institutions may value journal publications more, but the academic community still finds merit in conference papers. In any case, publishing conference papers with organizations can help generate momentum for you as you continue your research. For example, some publications under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) allow the [conversion of conference papers into more substantial journal paper](http://www.comsoc.org/twc/conference-vs-journal-papers) IEEE is also respected for its published conference proceedings. Length: \<6 pages Abstract: Yes References \<50 Figures/Tables: \<5 Solicited: Unsolicited; submissions made in advance of the conference (~6 months minimum) of Authors: Varies but generally \<3 May need to be present at a conference to present your article | [A distributed cloud resource management framework for High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7951735/) [Does Gamification Work? ā A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6758978/) [Estimation of coal consumption rate based on operating parameters](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7951516/). |
## **Related Articles**
The following list offers sites (other than those linked in the article above) that provide additional definitions and examples of manuscripts published in academic journals:
- Elsevier article types
- Elsevier Research Elements Program to promote data sharing
- [Other material published in *Nature*](https://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/others.html#book)
- Main [article types published by *Nature*](https://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/index.html)
- [*The New England Journal of Medicine* article types](http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/article-types)
- [IEEE *Xplore* Digital Library](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp), a database of IEEE-published conference papers
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