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[Skip to content](https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-catch-and-print-exception-messages-in-python/#content "Skip to content") [](https://blog.finxter.com/) Menu - [🔴 YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@finxter) - [👑 Membership](https://blog.finxter.com/finxter-premium-membership/) - [👩‍🎓 Academy](https://academy.finxter.com/) - [📖 Books](https://blog.finxter.com/finxter-books/) - [🎲 Puzzles](https://app.finxter.com/learn/computer/science/) - [🤎 User Stories](https://blog.finxter.com/what-our-users-say/) - [What Our Users Say](https://blog.finxter.com/what-our-users-say/) - [About Finxter](https://blog.finxter.com/about/) - [Finxter Feedback from ~1000 Python Developers](https://blog.finxter.com/finxter-feedback-from-1000-users/) - [Video Reviews](https://blog.finxter.com/python-freelancer-course-testimonials-from-finxters/) - [Course Review from Cristian](https://blog.finxter.com/finxter-review-become-a-freelancer-course/?tl_inbound=1&tl_target_all=1&tl_form_type=1&tl_period_type=3) - [Course Review from Adam](https://blog.finxter.com/how-adam-earns-5000-per-month-as-a-python-freelancer-on-upwork-month-4/) - [Review by ChatGPT](https://blog.finxter.com/what-is-finxter-is-it-trustworthy-chatgpt-answers/) - [About Chris](https://blog.finxter.com/about-chris/) - [Start Here ⭐](https://blog.finxter.com/make-money-ai/)  # How to Print Exception Messages in Python (Try-Except) October 30, 2023 October 11, 2023 by [Chris](https://blog.finxter.com/author/xcentpy_cfsh849y/ "View all posts by Chris") Python comes with extensive support for exceptions and exception handling. An exception event interrupts and, if uncaught, immediately terminates a running program. The most popular examples are the [`IndexError`](https://blog.finxter.com/python-indexerror-list-index-out-of-range/ "Python IndexError: List Index Out of Range (How to Fix This Stupid Bug)"), [`ValueError`](https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-valueerror-the-truth-value-of-an-array-with-more-than-one-element-is-ambiguous-use-a-any-or-a-all/ "How to Fix “ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()”"), and `TypeError`. An exception will immediately terminate your program. To avoid this, you can **catch the exception** with a `try/except` block around the code where you expect that a certain exception may occur. Here’s how you **catch and print a given exception:** To catch and print an exception that occurred in a code snippet, wrap it in an indented `try` block, followed by the command `"except Exception as e"` that catches the exception and saves its error message in string variable `e`. You can now print the error message with `"print(e)"` or use it for further processing. ``` try: # ... YOUR CODE HERE ... # except Exception as e: # ... PRINT THE ERROR MESSAGE ... # print(e) ``` Next, I’ll guide you through 13 hand-picked examples for specific scenarios such as with or without traceback. Exception printing is more powerful than you’d think! Let’s get started! 👇 ## Example 1: Catch and Print IndexError If you try to access the list element with index 100 but your lists consist only of three elements, Python will throw an `IndexError` telling you that the list [index is out of range](https://blog.finxter.com/python-indexerror-list-index-out-of-range/ "Python IndexError: List Index Out of Range (How to Fix This Stupid Bug)"). ``` try: lst = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carl'] print(lst[3]) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` Your genius code attempts to access the fourth element in your list with index 3—that doesn’t exist\!  Fortunately, you wrapped the code in a `try/catch` block and printed the exception. The program is not terminated. Thus, it executes the final `print()` statement after the exception has been caught and handled. This is the output of the previous code snippet. ``` list index out of range Am I executed? ``` 🌍 **Recommended Tutorial:** [How to Print an Error in Python?](https://blog.finxter.com/python-return-error-from-function/) ## Example 2: Catch and Print ValueError The [`ValueError`](https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-valueerror-the-truth-value-of-an-array-with-more-than-one-element-is-ambiguous-use-a-any-or-a-all/ "How to Fix “ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()”") arises if you try to use wrong values in some functions. Here’s an example where the `ValueError` is raised because you tried to calculate the square root of a negative number: ``` import math try: a = math.sqrt(-2) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` The output shows that not only the error message but also the string `'Am I executed?'` is printed. ``` math domain error Am I executed? ``` ## Example 3: Catch and Print TypeError Python throws the `TypeError object is not subscriptable` if you use indexing with the square bracket notation on an object that is not indexable. This is the case if the object doesn’t define the `__getitem__()` method. Here’s how you can catch the error and print it to your shell: ``` try: variable = None print(variable[0]) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` The output shows that not only the error message but also the string `'Am I executed?'` is printed. ``` 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable Am I executed? ``` I hope you’re now able to catch and print your error messages. ## Example 4: Python Print Exception Message with str() Use a `try/except` block, the code attempts to execute a statement and, if an exception arises, it captures and displays the corresponding error message using Python’s built-in `str()` function, aiding in the identification and resolution of issues. ``` try: x = undefined_variable except Exception as e: print(str(e)) ``` In this code, we reference an undefined variable, which will raise a `NameError`. The error message is then printed. Note that this is semantically equivalent to `print(e)` which internally calls `str(e)` to find a string representation of `e`. **Output**: ``` name 'undefined_variable' is not defined ``` ## Example 5: Python Print Exception Traceback By using the `traceback` module, you can retrieve and print the entire traceback of an exception, offering a comprehensive view of where the error occurred and the call stack that led to it. ``` import traceback try: open("nonexistent_file.txt") except Exception: print(traceback.format_exc()) ``` Here, we attempt to open a non-existent file, which will raise a `FileNotFoundError`. The traceback is printed, providing detailed error information. **Output**:  ``` Traceback (most recent call last): ... FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nonexistent_file.txt' ``` ## Example 6: Python Print Exception Stack Trace Printing the stack trace in Python involves using the `traceback` module to display the path taken by the code up to the point where the exception was raised. This method is particularly useful for understanding the sequence of function calls that led to the error, providing a clear view of the execution flow and aiding developers in pinpointing the origin of issues. ``` import traceback try: list_of_numbers = [1, 2, 3] print(list_of_numbers[3]) except Exception: print(traceback.print_stack()) ``` In this example, we attempt to access an index of a list that does not exist, which will raise an `IndexError`. The stack trace is printed, showing the path taken to the error. **Output**:  ``` A stack trace leading up to the error point. ``` ## Example 7: Python Print Exception Name Printing the exception name involves capturing the exception and using `type(e).__name__` to retrieve and display the name of the exception type. This method provides clear information about the kind of error that occurred, such as `TypeError`, and is useful for logging and debugging purposes. ``` try: "string" + 1 except Exception as e: print(type(e).__name__) ``` In this code, we attempt to concatenate a string and an integer, which will raise a `TypeError`. The name of the exception type is printed. **Output**:  ``` TypeError ``` ## Example 8: Python Print Exception Type Displaying the exception type in Python is achieved by capturing the exception and utilizing `type(e)` to retrieve and print the type of exception that occurred. This method provides a clear understanding of the error category, aiding in debugging and error logging. ``` try: {}["key"] except Exception as e: print(type(e)) ``` Here, we attempt to access a non-existent key in a dictionary, which will raise a `KeyError`. The type of the exception is printed. **Output**: ``` <class 'KeyError'> ``` ## Example 9: Python Print Exception Details Printing detailed exception information in Python involves capturing the exception and utilizing string formatting to display both the name and the message of the exception. This approach provides a detailed error report, offering insights into the type of error and the accompanying message. ``` try: [] + "string" except Exception as e: print(f"Error: {type(e).__name__}, Message: {str(e)}") ``` In this example, we attempt to add a list and a string, which will raise a `TypeError`. Both the name and the message of the exception are printed. **Output**:  ``` Error: TypeError, Message: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list ``` ## Example 10: Python Print Exception Line Number Revealing the line number where an exception was raised in Python can be achieved using the `sys` module. By utilizing `sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno`, developers can retrieve and print the line number where the exception occurred, providing a precise location of the issue in the code. ``` import sys try: x = y except Exception as e: print(f"Error on line {sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno}: {str(e)}") ``` In this code, we reference an undefined variable `y`, which will raise a `NameError`. The line number and the error message are printed. **Output**:  ``` Error on line [line_number]: name 'y' is not defined ``` ## Example 11: Python Print Exception Message Without Traceback Printing the error message without displaying the traceback in Python involves capturing the exception and using the `print()` function to display the error message. This method provides a clean and concise error message without additional debug information. ``` try: x = {} x.append(1) except Exception as e: print(e) ``` Here, we attempt to use the `append` method (which is not applicable for dictionaries) on a dictionary, which will raise an `AttributeError`. The error message is printed without traceback. **Output**:  ``` 'dict' object has no attribute 'append' ``` ## Example 12: Python Print Exception and Continue Printing the exception and continuing the execution involves using a try/except block to manage errors without halting the entire program. By capturing and printing the exception, developers can inform users or log the error while allowing the program to continue running subsequent code. ``` try: x = 1 / 0 except Exception as e: print(e) print("Program continues...") ``` In this example, we attempt to perform a division by zero, which will raise a `ZeroDivisionError`. The error message is printed, but the program continues to execute subsequent code. **Output**:  ``` division by zero Program continues... ``` ## Example 13: Python Print Exception in One Line Printing the exception in a single line of code in Python involves utilizing string formatting within the `print()` function to display a succinct and clear error message. This method maintains a compact code structure while ensuring that errors are logged or displayed. ``` try: x = [1, 2, 3] x[5] except Exception as e: print(f"An error occurred: {e}") ``` In this code, we attempt to access an index of a list that does not exist, which will raise an `IndexError`. The error message is printed in a single line. **Output**: ``` An error occurred: list index out of range ``` These examples illustrate various methods to handle and print exception information in Python, each providing a unique approach to managing errors and debugging code. The explanations, code snippets, and outputs provide a comprehensive guide to implementing these methods in Python programming. ## Summary To catch and print an exception that occurred in a code snippet, wrap it in an indented `try` block, followed by the command `"except Exception as e"` that catches the exception and saves its error message in string variable `e`. You can now print the error message with `"print(e)"` or use it for further processing. ## Programmer Humor ``` Q: How do you tell an introverted computer scientist from an extroverted computer scientist? A: An extroverted computer scientist looks at your shoes when he talks to you. ``` 🧑‍💻 **Recommended**: [Python One Line Exception Handling](https://blog.finxter.com/python-one-line-exception-handling/) Categories [Computer Science](https://blog.finxter.com/category/computer-science/), [Error](https://blog.finxter.com/category/error/), [Python](https://blog.finxter.com/category/python/), [Scripting](https://blog.finxter.com/category/scripting/) [Making \$1M Every Year with 0 Employees: How an Unassuming Millionaire Coded Photopea All By Himself](https://blog.finxter.com/making-1m-every-year-with-0-employees-how-an-unassuming-millionaire-coded-photopea-all-by-himself/) [Llama vs Llama 2 – Still No Sign of Saturation\!](https://blog.finxter.com/llama-vs-llama-2-a-quick-guide-to-catch-up/) **Be on the Right Side of Change** 🚀 The world is changing exponentially. AI eliminates entire industries.   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Python comes with extensive support for exceptions and exception handling. An exception event interrupts and, if uncaught, immediately terminates a running program. The most popular examples are the [`IndexError`](https://blog.finxter.com/python-indexerror-list-index-out-of-range/ "Python IndexError: List Index Out of Range (How to Fix This Stupid Bug)"), [`ValueError`](https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-valueerror-the-truth-value-of-an-array-with-more-than-one-element-is-ambiguous-use-a-any-or-a-all/ "How to Fix “ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()”"), and `TypeError`. An exception will immediately terminate your program. To avoid this, you can **catch the exception** with a `try/except` block around the code where you expect that a certain exception may occur. Here’s how you **catch and print a given exception:** To catch and print an exception that occurred in a code snippet, wrap it in an indented `try` block, followed by the command `"except Exception as e"` that catches the exception and saves its error message in string variable `e`. You can now print the error message with `"print(e)"` or use it for further processing. ``` try: # ... YOUR CODE HERE ... # except Exception as e: # ... PRINT THE ERROR MESSAGE ... # print(e) ``` Next, I’ll guide you through 13 hand-picked examples for specific scenarios such as with or without traceback. Exception printing is more powerful than you’d think! Let’s get started! 👇 ## Example 1: Catch and Print IndexError If you try to access the list element with index 100 but your lists consist only of three elements, Python will throw an `IndexError` telling you that the list [index is out of range](https://blog.finxter.com/python-indexerror-list-index-out-of-range/ "Python IndexError: List Index Out of Range (How to Fix This Stupid Bug)"). ``` try: lst = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carl'] print(lst[3]) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` Your genius code attempts to access the fourth element in your list with index 3—that doesn’t exist\!  Fortunately, you wrapped the code in a `try/catch` block and printed the exception. The program is not terminated. Thus, it executes the final `print()` statement after the exception has been caught and handled. This is the output of the previous code snippet. ``` list index out of range Am I executed? ``` 🌍 **Recommended Tutorial:** [How to Print an Error in Python?](https://blog.finxter.com/python-return-error-from-function/) ## Example 2: Catch and Print ValueError The [`ValueError`](https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-valueerror-the-truth-value-of-an-array-with-more-than-one-element-is-ambiguous-use-a-any-or-a-all/ "How to Fix “ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()”") arises if you try to use wrong values in some functions. Here’s an example where the `ValueError` is raised because you tried to calculate the square root of a negative number: ``` import math try: a = math.sqrt(-2) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` The output shows that not only the error message but also the string `'Am I executed?'` is printed. ``` math domain error Am I executed? ``` ## Example 3: Catch and Print TypeError Python throws the `TypeError object is not subscriptable` if you use indexing with the square bracket notation on an object that is not indexable. This is the case if the object doesn’t define the `__getitem__()` method. Here’s how you can catch the error and print it to your shell: ``` try: variable = None print(variable[0]) except Exception as e: print(e) print('Am I executed?') ``` The output shows that not only the error message but also the string `'Am I executed?'` is printed. ``` 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable Am I executed? ``` I hope you’re now able to catch and print your error messages. ## Example 4: Python Print Exception Message with str() Use a `try/except` block, the code attempts to execute a statement and, if an exception arises, it captures and displays the corresponding error message using Python’s built-in `str()` function, aiding in the identification and resolution of issues. ``` try: x = undefined_variable except Exception as e: print(str(e)) ``` In this code, we reference an undefined variable, which will raise a `NameError`. The error message is then printed. Note that this is semantically equivalent to `print(e)` which internally calls `str(e)` to find a string representation of `e`. **Output**: ``` name 'undefined_variable' is not defined ``` ## Example 5: Python Print Exception Traceback By using the `traceback` module, you can retrieve and print the entire traceback of an exception, offering a comprehensive view of where the error occurred and the call stack that led to it. ``` import traceback try: open("nonexistent_file.txt") except Exception: print(traceback.format_exc()) ``` Here, we attempt to open a non-existent file, which will raise a `FileNotFoundError`. The traceback is printed, providing detailed error information. **Output**:  ``` Traceback (most recent call last): ... FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nonexistent_file.txt' ``` ## Example 6: Python Print Exception Stack Trace Printing the stack trace in Python involves using the `traceback` module to display the path taken by the code up to the point where the exception was raised. This method is particularly useful for understanding the sequence of function calls that led to the error, providing a clear view of the execution flow and aiding developers in pinpointing the origin of issues. ``` import traceback try: list_of_numbers = [1, 2, 3] print(list_of_numbers[3]) except Exception: print(traceback.print_stack()) ``` In this example, we attempt to access an index of a list that does not exist, which will raise an `IndexError`. The stack trace is printed, showing the path taken to the error. **Output**:  ``` A stack trace leading up to the error point. ``` ## Example 7: Python Print Exception Name Printing the exception name involves capturing the exception and using `type(e).__name__` to retrieve and display the name of the exception type. This method provides clear information about the kind of error that occurred, such as `TypeError`, and is useful for logging and debugging purposes. ``` try: "string" + 1 except Exception as e: print(type(e).__name__) ``` In this code, we attempt to concatenate a string and an integer, which will raise a `TypeError`. The name of the exception type is printed. **Output**:  ``` TypeError ``` ## Example 8: Python Print Exception Type Displaying the exception type in Python is achieved by capturing the exception and utilizing `type(e)` to retrieve and print the type of exception that occurred. This method provides a clear understanding of the error category, aiding in debugging and error logging. ``` try: {}["key"] except Exception as e: print(type(e)) ``` Here, we attempt to access a non-existent key in a dictionary, which will raise a `KeyError`. The type of the exception is printed. **Output**: ``` <class 'KeyError'> ``` ## Example 9: Python Print Exception Details Printing detailed exception information in Python involves capturing the exception and utilizing string formatting to display both the name and the message of the exception. This approach provides a detailed error report, offering insights into the type of error and the accompanying message. ``` try: [] + "string" except Exception as e: print(f"Error: {type(e).__name__}, Message: {str(e)}") ``` In this example, we attempt to add a list and a string, which will raise a `TypeError`. Both the name and the message of the exception are printed. **Output**:  ``` Error: TypeError, Message: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list ``` ## Example 10: Python Print Exception Line Number Revealing the line number where an exception was raised in Python can be achieved using the `sys` module. By utilizing `sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno`, developers can retrieve and print the line number where the exception occurred, providing a precise location of the issue in the code. ``` import sys try: x = y except Exception as e: print(f"Error on line {sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno}: {str(e)}") ``` In this code, we reference an undefined variable `y`, which will raise a `NameError`. The line number and the error message are printed. **Output**:  ``` Error on line [line_number]: name 'y' is not defined ``` ## Example 11: Python Print Exception Message Without Traceback Printing the error message without displaying the traceback in Python involves capturing the exception and using the `print()` function to display the error message. This method provides a clean and concise error message without additional debug information. ``` try: x = {} x.append(1) except Exception as e: print(e) ``` Here, we attempt to use the `append` method (which is not applicable for dictionaries) on a dictionary, which will raise an `AttributeError`. The error message is printed without traceback. **Output**:  ``` 'dict' object has no attribute 'append' ``` ## Example 12: Python Print Exception and Continue Printing the exception and continuing the execution involves using a try/except block to manage errors without halting the entire program. By capturing and printing the exception, developers can inform users or log the error while allowing the program to continue running subsequent code. ``` try: x = 1 / 0 except Exception as e: print(e) print("Program continues...") ``` In this example, we attempt to perform a division by zero, which will raise a `ZeroDivisionError`. The error message is printed, but the program continues to execute subsequent code. **Output**:  ``` division by zero Program continues... ``` ## Example 13: Python Print Exception in One Line Printing the exception in a single line of code in Python involves utilizing string formatting within the `print()` function to display a succinct and clear error message. This method maintains a compact code structure while ensuring that errors are logged or displayed. ``` try: x = [1, 2, 3] x[5] except Exception as e: print(f"An error occurred: {e}") ``` In this code, we attempt to access an index of a list that does not exist, which will raise an `IndexError`. The error message is printed in a single line. **Output**: ``` An error occurred: list index out of range ``` These examples illustrate various methods to handle and print exception information in Python, each providing a unique approach to managing errors and debugging code. The explanations, code snippets, and outputs provide a comprehensive guide to implementing these methods in Python programming. ## Summary To catch and print an exception that occurred in a code snippet, wrap it in an indented `try` block, followed by the command `"except Exception as e"` that catches the exception and saves its error message in string variable `e`. You can now print the error message with `"print(e)"` or use it for further processing. ## Programmer Humor ``` Q: How do you tell an introverted computer scientist from an extroverted computer scientist? A: An extroverted computer scientist looks at your shoes when he talks to you. ``` 🧑‍💻 **Recommended**: [Python One Line Exception Handling](https://blog.finxter.com/python-one-line-exception-handling/)